Verified run

openrouter/deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash

deepseek-v4-flash-high-reasoning-p001-lexen-v1-20260614

Rank
52
Accuracy lexEN v1 · WordNet fine
90.93%
Correct
4420 / 4861
Actual run cost
$0.642
Cost / M items
$132

Accuracy across label schemes

The headline accuracy is lexEN v1 · WordNet fine-grained. Each cell re-scores this run's predictions against a different gold label set and sense granularity; coarse counts a prediction correct when its WordNet sense maps to the same Glite or CSI concept as a gold sense. About these label schemes → About coarsening →

Score against WordNet fine-grainedGlite coarse-grainedCSI coarse-grained (Lacerra 2020)
lexEN v1 90.93% 4420 / 4861 96.61% 4696 / 4861 94.38% 4588 / 4861
Maru 2022 (ALLamended) 88.21% 4288 / 4861 95.58% 4646 / 4861 92.90% 4516 / 4861
Raganato 2017 (original) 82.51% 4011 / 4861 92.98% 4520 / 4861 88.97% 4325 / 4861

Model

Display
openrouter/deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash
Requested
openrouter/deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash
Resolved
deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash-20260423
Vendor
DeepSeek
API provider
OpenRouter
Hosting
cloud_api
Source
open_source
License
n/a
Reasoning
high
Model URL
n/a
Endpoint
n/a
Resolved counts
deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash-20260423: 5057

Reproducibility

Created
2026-06-14T10:48:09.221591+00:00
Run schema
sensebench-run-v2
Commit
d68e21f87bbf6aee0b2cd7dad6def78e98c3234d
Dataset ID
lexen
Dataset version
lexen-v1
Dataset revision
n/a
Dataset items
4,861
Dataset hash
sha256:5fd4382b93f19087a1e31f6dd7d1db17c1eb17ff80fcbe1d3fdd55c0c3ecefe8
Prompt
p001
Prompt version
0.1.0
Repository files
Browse in GitHub

Runtime

Calls
5057
Total tokens
5,471,254
Tokens / item
1,125.5
Total cost
$0.642
Cost / M items
$132
Cost source
provider_reported
Elapsed
16.95m
Success items
4,845
Monosemous
0
No candidates
0
No valid vote
16
Invalid votes
16
Transport errors
0

Runner

GitHub
vassiliphilippov
Name
Vassili Philippov
Contact
n/a

Sampling

Temperature
n/a
Top P
n/a
Max tokens
8,192
Seed
n/a
Extra
n/a

Policy

Votes / item
1
Reasks / invalid vote
1
Tie break
earliest_vote
Monosemous
short_circuit

Cost And Token Breakdown

Actual recorded run cost: $0.642. Cost estimate source: provider_reported.

Token Type Tokens Cost Price / 1M tokens
Input uncached 2,981,793 $0.358 n/a
Input cached 146,196 n/a n/a
Output 1,218,247 $0.284 n/a
Reasoning output 1,125,018 included in output cost n/a

Reasoning output tokens are shown separately when the provider reports them; recorded cost is stored in the output cost bucket.

Download Raw Run Files

Slice Breakdown

Group Bucket Accuracy Correct Items
Candidate Count 11+ 86.52% 687 794
Candidate Count 2 95.79% 819 855
Candidate Count 3-5 91.72% 1784 1945
Candidate Count 6-10 89.19% 1130 1267
POS ADJ 92.41% 609 659
POS ADV 87.18% 170 195
POS NOUN 92.06% 2667 2897
POS VERB 87.75% 974 1110
Source Dataset semeval2013 93.33% 1064 1140
Source Dataset semeval2015 91.07% 673 739
Source Dataset senseval2 90.24% 1470 1629
Source Dataset senseval3 89.65% 1213 1353

Worst-Bucket Examples

game Noun

Instance: semeval2013.d001.s004.t000 Dataset: semeval2013 Bucket: Candidate Count / 11+

Incorrect

Baskonia gives away a victory in Israel

Caja Laboral achieved a stunning 82-91 victory on their visit to the Maccabee Electra court despite Dusko Ivanovic's team's heavy losses, and after the great performance by Mizra Teltovic, who was the best on his team with eight three-pointers scored (29 points), they now at the top of their group.

The Vitorian team knew to make up for the significant absences of Herrmann, Oleson, Huertas and Micov with a big dose of involvement and teamwork, even though it had to hold out until the end to take the victory.

Additionally, their huge success from the sidelines, with 16 three pointers scored, had a lot to do with the final triumph.

The game started out in favor of the Azulgranas, who put themselves ahead on the scoreboard from the start.

As Vitora's first four baskets were from the perimeter, the speculation was already that they had jumped into the Israeli net with hot wrists.

Show raw prompt

system

You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

user

Target lemma: game
Target surface form: game
Context:
Baskonia gives away a victory in Israel Caja Laboral achieved a stunning 82-91 victory on their visit to the Maccabee Electra court despite Dusko Ivanovic's team's heavy losses, and after the great performance by Mizra Teltovic, who was the best on his team with eight three-pointers scored (29 points), they now at the top of their group. The Vitorian team knew to make up for the significant absences of Herrmann, Oleson, Huertas and Micov with a big dose of involvement and teamwork, even though it had to hold out until the end to take the victory. Additionally, their huge success from the sidelines, with 16 three pointers scored, had a lot to do with the final triumph. The <t>game</t> started out in favor of the Azulgranas, who put themselves ahead on the scoreboard from the start. As Vitora's first four baskets were from the perimeter, the speculation was already that they had jumped into the Israeli net with hot wrists.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=game%1:04:00:: | definition=a contest with rules to determine a winner | examples=you need four people to play this game
2. sense_key=game%1:04:03:: | definition=a single play of a sport or other contest | examples=the game lasted two hours
3. sense_key=game%1:04:01:: | definition=an amusement or pastime | examples=they played word games; he thought of his painting as a game that filled his empty time
4. sense_key=game%1:05:00:: | definition=animal hunted for food or sport
5. sense_key=game%1:28:00:: | definition=(tennis) a division of play during which one player serves
6. sense_key=game%1:23:00:: | definition=(games) the score at a particular point or the score needed to win | examples=the game is 6 all; he is serving for the game
7. sense_key=game%1:13:00:: | definition=the flesh of wild animals that is used for food
8. sense_key=game%1:09:00:: | definition=a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal) | synonyms=plot, secret plan | examples=they concocted a plot to discredit the governor; I saw through his little game from the start
9. sense_key=game%1:06:00:: | definition=the game equipment needed in order to play a particular game | examples=the child received several games for his birthday
10. sense_key=game%1:04:02:: | definition=your occupation or line of work | synonyms=biz | examples=he's in the plumbing game; she's in show biz
11. sense_key=game%1:04:04:: | definition=frivolous or trifling behavior | examples=for actors, memorizing lines is no game; for him, life is all fun and games

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

Prediction matches gold: lexEN ✗ Maru 2022 ✗ Raganato ✗

WordNet 3.0 senses

  1. 1

    a contest with rules to determine a winner

    game%1:04:00:: · game.n.01

    • you need four people to play this game
    Selected
  2. 2

    a single play of a sport or other contest

    game%1:04:03:: · game.n.02

    • the game lasted two hours
    Gold lexEN Gold Maru 2022 Gold Raganato
  3. 3

    an amusement or pastime

    game%1:04:01:: · game.n.03

    • they played word games
    • he thought of his painting as a game that filled his empty time
  4. 4

    animal hunted for food or sport

    game%1:05:00:: · game.n.04

  5. 5

    (tennis) a division of play during which one player serves

    game%1:28:00:: · game.n.05

  6. 6

    (games) the score at a particular point or the score needed to win

    game%1:23:00:: · game.n.06

    • the game is 6 all
    • he is serving for the game
  7. 7

    the flesh of wild animals that is used for food

    game%1:13:00:: · game.n.07

  8. 8

    a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)

    game%1:09:00:: · plot.n.01

    • they concocted a plot to discredit the governor
    • I saw through his little game from the start

    Synonyms: plot, secret plan

  9. 9

    the game equipment needed in order to play a particular game

    game%1:06:00:: · game.n.09

    • the child received several games for his birthday
  10. 10

    your occupation or line of work

    game%1:04:02:: · game.n.10

    • he's in the plumbing game
    • she's in show biz

    Synonyms: biz

  11. 11

    frivolous or trifling behavior

    game%1:04:04:: · game.n.11

    • for actors, memorizing lines is no game
    • for him, life is all fun and games

game Noun

Instance: semeval2013.d001.s015.t003 Dataset: semeval2013 Bucket: Candidate Count / 11+

Incorrect

Eidson and Pnini played a decisive role in the "yellows'" return to the light.

More disadvantages

Ivanovic's players, injured but far from dead, needed to run a couple of plays correctly before they could breathe, and that's when the machine gun Marza Teletovic arrived, with three almost consecutive three-pointers and the help of English and Ribas, he brought the scoreboard back to a reassuring lead (54-67), which the home team managed to narrow down at the end of the third quarter (57-67).

The Alavas worked themselves to the bone in the last period, and English and San Emeterio (65-75) had already made it clear that they were not going to let anyone take away what they had earned during the first thirty minutes.

However, Pnini and Eidson, the best on their team, did not give up and tried to keep their team alive from the three-point line (70-77).

In spite of this, and with Splitter fouling out, Ivonic's team didn't rush, defended well, and, even though the Israelis came close at the last minute, the game was already won and victory escaped Tel Aviv for the first time in the season.

Show raw prompt

system

You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

user

Target lemma: game
Target surface form: game
Context:
Eidson and Pnini played a decisive role in the "yellows'" return to the light. More disadvantages Ivanovic's players, injured but far from dead, needed to run a couple of plays correctly before they could breathe, and that's when the machine gun Marza Teletovic arrived, with three almost consecutive three-pointers and the help of English and Ribas, he brought the scoreboard back to a reassuring lead (54-67), which the home team managed to narrow down at the end of the third quarter (57-67). The Alavas worked themselves to the bone in the last period, and English and San Emeterio (65-75) had already made it clear that they were not going to let anyone take away what they had earned during the first thirty minutes. However, Pnini and Eidson, the best on their team, did not give up and tried to keep their team alive from the three-point line (70-77). In spite of this, and with Splitter fouling out, Ivonic's team didn't rush, defended well, and, even though the Israelis came close at the last minute, the <t>game</t> was already won and victory escaped Tel Aviv for the first time in the season.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=game%1:04:00:: | definition=a contest with rules to determine a winner | examples=you need four people to play this game
2. sense_key=game%1:04:03:: | definition=a single play of a sport or other contest | examples=the game lasted two hours
3. sense_key=game%1:04:01:: | definition=an amusement or pastime | examples=they played word games; he thought of his painting as a game that filled his empty time
4. sense_key=game%1:05:00:: | definition=animal hunted for food or sport
5. sense_key=game%1:28:00:: | definition=(tennis) a division of play during which one player serves
6. sense_key=game%1:23:00:: | definition=(games) the score at a particular point or the score needed to win | examples=the game is 6 all; he is serving for the game
7. sense_key=game%1:13:00:: | definition=the flesh of wild animals that is used for food
8. sense_key=game%1:09:00:: | definition=a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal) | synonyms=plot, secret plan | examples=they concocted a plot to discredit the governor; I saw through his little game from the start
9. sense_key=game%1:06:00:: | definition=the game equipment needed in order to play a particular game | examples=the child received several games for his birthday
10. sense_key=game%1:04:02:: | definition=your occupation or line of work | synonyms=biz | examples=he's in the plumbing game; she's in show biz
11. sense_key=game%1:04:04:: | definition=frivolous or trifling behavior | examples=for actors, memorizing lines is no game; for him, life is all fun and games

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

Prediction matches gold: lexEN ✗ Maru 2022 ✗ Raganato ✗

WordNet 3.0 senses

  1. 1

    a contest with rules to determine a winner

    game%1:04:00:: · game.n.01

    • you need four people to play this game
    Selected
  2. 2

    a single play of a sport or other contest

    game%1:04:03:: · game.n.02

    • the game lasted two hours
    Gold lexEN Gold Maru 2022 Gold Raganato
  3. 3

    an amusement or pastime

    game%1:04:01:: · game.n.03

    • they played word games
    • he thought of his painting as a game that filled his empty time
  4. 4

    animal hunted for food or sport

    game%1:05:00:: · game.n.04

  5. 5

    (tennis) a division of play during which one player serves

    game%1:28:00:: · game.n.05

  6. 6

    (games) the score at a particular point or the score needed to win

    game%1:23:00:: · game.n.06

    • the game is 6 all
    • he is serving for the game
  7. 7

    the flesh of wild animals that is used for food

    game%1:13:00:: · game.n.07

  8. 8

    a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)

    game%1:09:00:: · plot.n.01

    • they concocted a plot to discredit the governor
    • I saw through his little game from the start

    Synonyms: plot, secret plan

  9. 9

    the game equipment needed in order to play a particular game

    game%1:06:00:: · game.n.09

    • the child received several games for his birthday
  10. 10

    your occupation or line of work

    game%1:04:02:: · game.n.10

    • he's in the plumbing game
    • she's in show biz

    Synonyms: biz

  11. 11

    frivolous or trifling behavior

    game%1:04:04:: · game.n.11

    • for actors, memorizing lines is no game
    • for him, life is all fun and games

rule Noun

Instance: semeval2013.d006.s007.t001 Dataset: semeval2013 Bucket: Candidate Count / 11+

Incorrect

The expulsion presumably forged by two players of Real Madrid (Xabi Alonso and Sergio Ramos) in the game played on the 23rd of November against Ajax in European Champions League has caused rivers of ink to be written about if such behavior is or is not unsportsmanlike and if, both players should be sanctioned by UEFA.

As we all know, a few minutes before the end of the game (that their team had already won), both players deliberately wasted time which made the referee show the second yellow card to both of them.

This way, and since Real Madrid will finish as leader of its group, both players will fulfil the prescribed sanction during the next game of league, against Auxerre, and will be able to get rid of the cards the following phase.

Finally, the committee of discipline of the UEFA has sanctioned with two games the trainer of the team, Jose Mourinho, and with different economic amounts the implied players.

The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of football.

It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport.

Part of the debate arisen in the related case is caused by the fact that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization (that in its hymn presumes of nobility and honor, and that has fined its players for analogous acts) and by the dramatization orchestrated, apparently, by Mourinho, who adds one more to his expanded history of histrionic and provoking technician.

Show raw prompt

system

You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

user

Target lemma: rule
Target surface form: rules
Context:
The expulsion presumably forged by two players of Real Madrid (Xabi Alonso and Sergio Ramos) in the game played on the 23rd of November against Ajax in European Champions League has caused rivers of ink to be written about if such behavior is or is not unsportsmanlike and if, both players should be sanctioned by UEFA. As we all know, a few minutes before the end of the game (that their team had already won), both players deliberately wasted time which made the referee show the second yellow card to both of them. This way, and since Real Madrid will finish as leader of its group, both players will fulfil the prescribed sanction during the next game of league, against Auxerre, and will be able to get rid of the cards the following phase. Finally, the committee of discipline of the UEFA has sanctioned with two games the trainer of the team, Jose Mourinho, and with different economic amounts the implied players. The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of football. It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten <t>rules</t>, but followed nonetheless by this sport. Part of the debate arisen in the related case is caused by the fact that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization (that in its hymn presumes of nobility and honor, and that has fined its players for analogous acts) and by the dramatization orchestrated, apparently, by Mourinho, who adds one more to his expanded history of histrionic and provoking technician.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rule%1:09:00:: | definition=a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior | synonyms=regulation | examples=it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast; short haircuts were the regulation
2. sense_key=rule%1:09:01:: | definition=something regarded as a normative example | synonyms=convention, normal, pattern, formula | examples=the convention of not naming the main character; violence is the rule not the exception
3. sense_key=rule%1:10:00:: | definition=prescribed guide for conduct or action | synonyms=prescript
4. sense_key=rule%1:10:01:: | definition=(linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice | synonyms=linguistic rule
5. sense_key=rule%1:09:03:: | definition=a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct | synonyms=principle | examples=their principles of composition characterized all their works
6. sense_key=rule%1:28:00:: | definition=the duration of a monarch's or government's power | examples=during the rule of Elizabeth
7. sense_key=rule%1:26:00:: | definition=dominance or power through legal authority | synonyms=dominion | examples=France held undisputed dominion over vast areas of Africa; the rule of Caesar
8. sense_key=rule%1:10:02:: | definition=directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted | examples=he knew the rules of chess
9. sense_key=rule%1:10:03:: | definition=any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order | examples=the rule of St. Dominic
10. sense_key=rule%1:09:02:: | definition=a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system | synonyms=principle | examples=the principle of the conservation of mass; the principle of jet propulsion
11. sense_key=rule%1:09:04:: | definition=(mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems | synonyms=formula | examples=he determined the upper bound with Descartes' rule of signs; he gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials
12. sense_key=rule%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths | synonyms=ruler

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

Prediction matches gold: lexEN ✗ Maru 2022 ✗ Raganato ✗

WordNet 3.0 senses

  1. 1

    a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

    rule%1:09:00:: · rule.n.01

    • it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast
    • short haircuts were the regulation

    Synonyms: regulation

    Gold Raganato
  2. 2

    something regarded as a normative example

    rule%1:09:01:: · convention.n.02

    • the convention of not naming the main character
    • violence is the rule not the exception

    Synonyms: convention, normal, pattern, formula

    Selected
  3. 3

    prescribed guide for conduct or action

    rule%1:10:00:: · rule.n.03

    Synonyms: prescript

  4. 4

    (linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice

    rule%1:10:01:: · rule.n.04

    Synonyms: linguistic rule

  5. 5

    a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

    rule%1:09:03:: · principle.n.01

    • their principles of composition characterized all their works

    Synonyms: principle

  6. 6

    the duration of a monarch's or government's power

    rule%1:28:00:: · rule.n.06

    • during the rule of Elizabeth
  7. 7

    dominance or power through legal authority

    rule%1:26:00:: · dominion.n.01

    • France held undisputed dominion over vast areas of Africa
    • the rule of Caesar

    Synonyms: dominion

  8. 8

    directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted

    rule%1:10:02:: · rule.n.08

    • he knew the rules of chess
    Gold lexEN Gold Maru 2022
  9. 9

    any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order

    rule%1:10:03:: · rule.n.09

    • the rule of St. Dominic
  10. 10

    a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system

    rule%1:09:02:: · principle.n.04

    • the principle of the conservation of mass
    • the principle of jet propulsion

    Synonyms: principle

  11. 11

    (mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems

    rule%1:09:04:: · rule.n.11

    • he determined the upper bound with Descartes' rule of signs
    • he gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials

    Synonyms: formula

  12. 12

    measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths

    rule%1:06:00:: · rule.n.12

    Synonyms: ruler

case Noun

Instance: semeval2013.d006.s008.t002 Dataset: semeval2013 Bucket: Candidate Count / 11+

Incorrect

As we all know, a few minutes before the end of the game (that their team had already won), both players deliberately wasted time which made the referee show the second yellow card to both of them.

This way, and since Real Madrid will finish as leader of its group, both players will fulfil the prescribed sanction during the next game of league, against Auxerre, and will be able to get rid of the cards the following phase.

Finally, the committee of discipline of the UEFA has sanctioned with two games the trainer of the team, Jose Mourinho, and with different economic amounts the implied players.

The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of football.

It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport.

Part of the debate arisen in the related case is caused by the fact that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization (that in its hymn presumes of nobility and honor, and that has fined its players for analogous acts) and by the dramatization orchestrated, apparently, by Mourinho, who adds one more to his expanded history of histrionic and provoking technician.

Anyway, the debate deals with if that type of behavior not prohibited specifically by the regulation contradicts the principles of the sport, that is to say, if with these actions fraud is committed; then, indeed, they are respectful actions with the sport regulation, but they seem to elude its sense.

Show raw prompt

system

You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

user

Target lemma: case
Target surface form: case
Context:
As we all know, a few minutes before the end of the game (that their team had already won), both players deliberately wasted time which made the referee show the second yellow card to both of them. This way, and since Real Madrid will finish as leader of its group, both players will fulfil the prescribed sanction during the next game of league, against Auxerre, and will be able to get rid of the cards the following phase. Finally, the committee of discipline of the UEFA has sanctioned with two games the trainer of the team, Jose Mourinho, and with different economic amounts the implied players. The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of football. It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport. Part of the debate arisen in the related <t>case</t> is caused by the fact that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization (that in its hymn presumes of nobility and honor, and that has fined its players for analogous acts) and by the dramatization orchestrated, apparently, by Mourinho, who adds one more to his expanded history of histrionic and provoking technician. Anyway, the debate deals with if that type of behavior not prohibited specifically by the regulation contradicts the principles of the sport, that is to say, if with these actions fraud is committed; then, indeed, they are respectful actions with the sport regulation, but they seem to elude its sense.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

Prediction matches gold: lexEN ✗ Maru 2022 ✗ Raganato ✗

WordNet 3.0 senses

  1. 1

    an occurrence of something

    case%1:11:00:: · case.n.01

    • it was a case of bad judgment
    • another instance occurred yesterday

    Synonyms: instance, example

    Gold lexEN Gold Maru 2022 Gold Raganato
  2. 2

    a special set of circumstances

    case%1:26:00:: · event.n.02

    • in that event, the first possibility is excluded
    • it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled

    Synonyms: event

    Selected
  3. 3

    a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy

    case%1:04:00:: · lawsuit.n.01

    • the family brought suit against the landlord

    Synonyms: lawsuit, suit, cause, causa

  4. 4

    the actual state of things

    case%1:09:00:: · case.n.04

    • that was not the case
  5. 5

    a portable container for carrying several objects

    case%1:06:00:: · case.n.05

    • the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
  6. 6

    a person requiring professional services

    case%1:18:03:: · case.n.06

    • a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
  7. 7

    a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation

    case%1:18:02:: · subject.n.06

    • the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly
    • the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities

    Synonyms: subject, guinea pig

  8. 8

    a problem requiring investigation

    case%1:10:02:: · case.n.08

    • Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
  9. 9

    a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument

    case%1:10:01:: · case.n.09

    • he stated his case clearly
  10. 10

    the quantity contained in a case

    case%1:23:00:: · case.n.10

    Synonyms: caseful

  11. 11

    nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence

    case%1:10:00:: · case.n.11

    Synonyms: grammatical case

  12. 12

    a specific state of mind that is temporary

    case%1:26:02:: · case.n.12

    • a case of the jitters
  13. 13

    a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities)

    case%1:18:04:: · character.n.05

    • a real character
    • a strange character

    Synonyms: character, eccentric, type

  14. 14

    a specific size and style of type within a type family

    case%1:10:03:: · font.n.01

    Synonyms: font, fount, typeface, face

  15. 15

    an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part

    case%1:08:00:: · sheath.n.02

    Synonyms: sheath

  16. 16

    the housing or outer covering of something

    case%1:06:06:: · shell.n.08

    • the clock has a walnut case

    Synonyms: shell, casing

  17. 17

    the enclosing frame around a door or window opening

    case%1:06:07:: · casing.n.03

    • the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced

    Synonyms: casing

  18. 18

    (printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers

    case%1:06:03:: · case.n.18

    • for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters

    Synonyms: compositor's case, typesetter's case

  19. 19

    bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow

    case%1:06:02:: · case.n.19

    • the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase

    Synonyms: pillowcase, slip, pillow slip

  20. 20

    a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home

    case%1:06:01:: · case.n.20

    Synonyms: display case, showcase, vitrine

thing Noun

Instance: semeval2013.d006.s013.t000 Dataset: semeval2013 Bucket: Candidate Count / 11+

Incorrect

Part of the debate arisen in the related case is caused by the fact that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization (that in its hymn presumes of nobility and honor, and that has fined its players for analogous acts) and by the dramatization orchestrated, apparently, by Mourinho, who adds one more to his expanded history of histrionic and provoking technician.

Anyway, the debate deals with if that type of behavior not prohibited specifically by the regulation contradicts the principles of the sport, that is to say, if with these actions fraud is committed; then, indeed, they are respectful actions with the sport regulation, but they seem to elude its sense.

The matter examines the type of damage that is brought to the sporting spirit.

One of the advantages that include the sport spirit is the physical integrity of the opposite players, aspect that with these actions wasn't put into danger, that is to say, there was no violent game.

Another of these advantages to which it is alluded to with the fare-play is to avoid that the team of the lawbreaker players takes advantage unjustly of the opposite team, which did not happen either.

However, the paradoxical thing about the action of the players of Real Madrid is that it did not comply to what we normally characterize as legal fraud, because the violation of the rules was not made secretly as to try to avoid the sanction, but their action was most evident and thus they received punishment from the referee.

They waited for and accepted the sanction with no complaints.

Show raw prompt

system

You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

user

Target lemma: thing
Target surface form: thing
Context:
Part of the debate arisen in the related case is caused by the fact that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization (that in its hymn presumes of nobility and honor, and that has fined its players for analogous acts) and by the dramatization orchestrated, apparently, by Mourinho, who adds one more to his expanded history of histrionic and provoking technician. Anyway, the debate deals with if that type of behavior not prohibited specifically by the regulation contradicts the principles of the sport, that is to say, if with these actions fraud is committed; then, indeed, they are respectful actions with the sport regulation, but they seem to elude its sense. The matter examines the type of damage that is brought to the sporting spirit. One of the advantages that include the sport spirit is the physical integrity of the opposite players, aspect that with these actions wasn't put into danger, that is to say, there was no violent game. Another of these advantages to which it is alluded to with the fare-play is to avoid that the team of the lawbreaker players takes advantage unjustly of the opposite team, which did not happen either. However, the paradoxical <t>thing</t> about the action of the players of Real Madrid is that it did not comply to what we normally characterize as legal fraud, because the violation of the rules was not made secretly as to try to avoid the sanction, but their action was most evident and thus they received punishment from the referee. They waited for and accepted the sanction with no complaints.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=thing%1:26:00:: | definition=a special situation | examples=this thing has got to end; it is a remarkable thing
2. sense_key=thing%1:04:00:: | definition=an action | examples=how could you do such a thing?
3. sense_key=thing%1:09:00:: | definition=a special abstraction | examples=a thing of the spirit; things of the heart
4. sense_key=thing%1:06:00:: | definition=an artifact | examples=how does this thing work?
5. sense_key=thing%1:11:00:: | definition=an event | examples=a funny thing happened on the way to the...
6. sense_key=thing%1:09:02:: | definition=a vaguely specified concern | synonyms=matter, affair | examples=several matters to attend to; it is none of your affair
7. sense_key=thing%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement regarded as an object | examples=to say the same thing in other terms; how can you say such a thing?
8. sense_key=thing%1:06:01:: | definition=an entity that is not named specifically | examples=I couldn't tell what the thing was
9. sense_key=thing%1:07:00:: | definition=any attribute or quality considered as having its own existence | examples=the thing I like about her is ...
10. sense_key=thing%1:09:01:: | definition=a special objective | examples=the thing is to stay in bounds
11. sense_key=thing%1:12:00:: | definition=a persistent illogical feeling of desire or aversion | examples=he has a thing about seafood; she has a thing about him
12. sense_key=thing%1:03:00:: | definition=a separate and self-contained entity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

Prediction matches gold: lexEN ✗ Maru 2022 ✗ Raganato ✗

WordNet 3.0 senses

  1. 1

    a special situation

    thing%1:26:00:: · thing.n.01

    • this thing has got to end
    • it is a remarkable thing
    Selected
  2. 2

    an action

    thing%1:04:00:: · thing.n.02

    • how could you do such a thing?
  3. 3

    a special abstraction

    thing%1:09:00:: · thing.n.03

    • a thing of the spirit
    • things of the heart
  4. 4

    an artifact

    thing%1:06:00:: · thing.n.04

    • how does this thing work?
  5. 5

    an event

    thing%1:11:00:: · thing.n.05

    • a funny thing happened on the way to the...
  6. 6

    a vaguely specified concern

    thing%1:09:02:: · matter.n.01

    • several matters to attend to
    • it is none of your affair

    Synonyms: matter, affair

  7. 7

    a statement regarded as an object

    thing%1:10:00:: · thing.n.07

    • to say the same thing in other terms
    • how can you say such a thing?
  8. 8

    an entity that is not named specifically

    thing%1:06:01:: · thing.n.08

    • I couldn't tell what the thing was
  9. 9

    any attribute or quality considered as having its own existence

    thing%1:07:00:: · thing.n.09

    • the thing I like about her is ...
    Gold lexEN Gold Maru 2022 Gold Raganato
  10. 10

    a special objective

    thing%1:09:01:: · thing.n.10

    • the thing is to stay in bounds
  11. 11

    a persistent illogical feeling of desire or aversion

    thing%1:12:00:: · thing.n.11

    • he has a thing about seafood
    • she has a thing about him
  12. 12

    a separate and self-contained entity

    thing%1:03:00:: · thing.n.12

life Noun

Instance: semeval2013.d007.s005.t001 Dataset: semeval2013 Bucket: Candidate Count / 11+

Incorrect

Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere

The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond.

While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential.

"This organism has dual capability."

"It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic."

"That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science.

Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.

Show raw prompt

system

You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

user

Target lemma: life
Target surface form: life
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' <t>life</t>," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=life%1:26:01:: | definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. sense_key=life%1:09:00:: | definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. sense_key=life%1:26:02:: | definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. sense_key=life%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. sense_key=life%1:28:00:: | definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. sense_key=life%1:28:01:: | definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. sense_key=life%1:28:02:: | definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. sense_key=life%1:18:00:: | definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. sense_key=life%1:07:01:: | definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. sense_key=life%1:03:00:: | definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. sense_key=life%1:10:00:: | definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. sense_key=life%1:16:00:: | definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. sense_key=life%1:28:03:: | definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

Prediction matches gold: lexEN ✗ Maru 2022 ✗ Raganato ✗

WordNet 3.0 senses

  1. 1

    a characteristic state or mode of living

    life%1:26:01:: · life.n.01

    • social life
    • city life
  2. 2

    the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

    life%1:09:00:: · life.n.02

    • he could no longer cope with the complexities of life

    Synonyms: living

  3. 3

    the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living

    life%1:26:02:: · life.n.03

    • he hoped for a new life in Australia
    • he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
  4. 4

    the condition of living or the state of being alive

    life%1:26:00:: · animation.n.01

    • while there's life there's hope
    • life depends on many chemical and physical processes

    Synonyms: animation, living, aliveness

  5. 5

    the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death)

    life%1:28:00:: · life.n.05

    • the battery had a short life
    • he lived a long and happy life

    Synonyms: lifetime, lifespan

  6. 6

    the period between birth and the present time

    life%1:28:01:: · life.n.06

    • I have known him all his life
  7. 7

    the period from the present until death

    life%1:28:02:: · life.n.07

    • he appointed himself emperor for life
  8. 8

    a living person

    life%1:18:00:: · life.n.08

    • his heroism saved a life
  9. 9

    animation and energy in action or expression

    life%1:07:01:: · liveliness.n.02

    • it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it

    Synonyms: liveliness, spirit, sprightliness

  10. 10

    living things collectively

    life%1:03:00:: · life.n.10

    • the oceans are teeming with life
    Selected
  11. 11

    the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones

    life%1:19:00:: · life.n.11

    • there is no life on the moon
    Gold lexEN Gold Maru 2022 Gold Raganato
  12. 12

    an account of the series of events making up a person's life

    life%1:10:00:: · biography.n.01

    Synonyms: biography, life story, life history

  13. 13

    a motive for living

    life%1:16:00:: · life.n.13

    • pottery was his life
  14. 14

    a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives

    life%1:28:03:: · life_sentence.n.01

    • he got life for killing the guard

    Synonyms: life sentence

life Noun

Instance: semeval2013.d007.s006.t001 Dataset: semeval2013 Bucket: Candidate Count / 11+

Incorrect

The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond.

While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential.

"This organism has dual capability."

"It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic."

"That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science.

Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.

But the researchers found that the bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, Calif., is able to continue to grow after substituting arsenic for phosphorus.

Show raw prompt

system

You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

user

Target lemma: life
Target surface form: life
Context:
The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for <t>life</t> - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur. But the researchers found that the bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, Calif., is able to continue to grow after substituting arsenic for phosphorus.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=life%1:26:01:: | definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. sense_key=life%1:09:00:: | definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. sense_key=life%1:26:02:: | definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. sense_key=life%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. sense_key=life%1:28:00:: | definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. sense_key=life%1:28:01:: | definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. sense_key=life%1:28:02:: | definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. sense_key=life%1:18:00:: | definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. sense_key=life%1:07:01:: | definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. sense_key=life%1:03:00:: | definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. sense_key=life%1:10:00:: | definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. sense_key=life%1:16:00:: | definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. sense_key=life%1:28:03:: | definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

Prediction matches gold: lexEN ✗ Maru 2022 ✗ Raganato ✗

WordNet 3.0 senses

  1. 1

    a characteristic state or mode of living

    life%1:26:01:: · life.n.01

    • social life
    • city life
  2. 2

    the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

    life%1:09:00:: · life.n.02

    • he could no longer cope with the complexities of life

    Synonyms: living

  3. 3

    the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living

    life%1:26:02:: · life.n.03

    • he hoped for a new life in Australia
    • he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
  4. 4

    the condition of living or the state of being alive

    life%1:26:00:: · animation.n.01

    • while there's life there's hope
    • life depends on many chemical and physical processes

    Synonyms: animation, living, aliveness

    Selected
  5. 5

    the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death)

    life%1:28:00:: · life.n.05

    • the battery had a short life
    • he lived a long and happy life

    Synonyms: lifetime, lifespan

  6. 6

    the period between birth and the present time

    life%1:28:01:: · life.n.06

    • I have known him all his life
  7. 7

    the period from the present until death

    life%1:28:02:: · life.n.07

    • he appointed himself emperor for life
  8. 8

    a living person

    life%1:18:00:: · life.n.08

    • his heroism saved a life
  9. 9

    animation and energy in action or expression

    life%1:07:01:: · liveliness.n.02

    • it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it

    Synonyms: liveliness, spirit, sprightliness

  10. 10

    living things collectively

    life%1:03:00:: · life.n.10

    • the oceans are teeming with life
  11. 11

    the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones

    life%1:19:00:: · life.n.11

    • there is no life on the moon
    Gold lexEN Gold Maru 2022 Gold Raganato
  12. 12

    an account of the series of events making up a person's life

    life%1:10:00:: · biography.n.01

    Synonyms: biography, life story, life history

  13. 13

    a motive for living

    life%1:16:00:: · life.n.13

    • pottery was his life
  14. 14

    a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives

    life%1:28:03:: · life_sentence.n.01

    • he got life for killing the guard

    Synonyms: life sentence

life Noun

Instance: semeval2013.d007.s009.t002 Dataset: semeval2013 Bucket: Candidate Count / 11+

Incorrect

"It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic."

"That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science.

Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.

But the researchers found that the bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, Calif., is able to continue to grow after substituting arsenic for phosphorus.

"It makes you wonder what else is possible," said Ariel D. Anbar of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report.

The find is important in the search for life beyond Earth because researchers need to be able to recognize life, to know what life looks like, Anbar said.

The study focuses on a microbe found on Earth.

Show raw prompt

system

You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

user

Target lemma: life
Target surface form: life
Context:
"It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur. But the researchers found that the bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, Calif., is able to continue to grow after substituting arsenic for phosphorus. "It makes you wonder what else is possible," said Ariel D. Anbar of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report. The find is important in the search for <t>life</t> beyond Earth because researchers need to be able to recognize life, to know what life looks like, Anbar said. The study focuses on a microbe found on Earth.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=life%1:26:01:: | definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. sense_key=life%1:09:00:: | definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. sense_key=life%1:26:02:: | definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. sense_key=life%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. sense_key=life%1:28:00:: | definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. sense_key=life%1:28:01:: | definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. sense_key=life%1:28:02:: | definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. sense_key=life%1:18:00:: | definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. sense_key=life%1:07:01:: | definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. sense_key=life%1:03:00:: | definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. sense_key=life%1:10:00:: | definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. sense_key=life%1:16:00:: | definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. sense_key=life%1:28:03:: | definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

Prediction matches gold: lexEN ✗ Maru 2022 ✗ Raganato ✗

WordNet 3.0 senses

  1. 1

    a characteristic state or mode of living

    life%1:26:01:: · life.n.01

    • social life
    • city life
  2. 2

    the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

    life%1:09:00:: · life.n.02

    • he could no longer cope with the complexities of life

    Synonyms: living

  3. 3

    the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living

    life%1:26:02:: · life.n.03

    • he hoped for a new life in Australia
    • he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
  4. 4

    the condition of living or the state of being alive

    life%1:26:00:: · animation.n.01

    • while there's life there's hope
    • life depends on many chemical and physical processes

    Synonyms: animation, living, aliveness

    Selected
  5. 5

    the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death)

    life%1:28:00:: · life.n.05

    • the battery had a short life
    • he lived a long and happy life

    Synonyms: lifetime, lifespan

  6. 6

    the period between birth and the present time

    life%1:28:01:: · life.n.06

    • I have known him all his life
  7. 7

    the period from the present until death

    life%1:28:02:: · life.n.07

    • he appointed himself emperor for life
  8. 8

    a living person

    life%1:18:00:: · life.n.08

    • his heroism saved a life
  9. 9

    animation and energy in action or expression

    life%1:07:01:: · liveliness.n.02

    • it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it

    Synonyms: liveliness, spirit, sprightliness

  10. 10

    living things collectively

    life%1:03:00:: · life.n.10

    • the oceans are teeming with life
  11. 11

    the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones

    life%1:19:00:: · life.n.11

    • there is no life on the moon
    Gold lexEN Gold Maru 2022 Gold Raganato
  12. 12

    an account of the series of events making up a person's life

    life%1:10:00:: · biography.n.01

    Synonyms: biography, life story, life history

  13. 13

    a motive for living

    life%1:16:00:: · life.n.13

    • pottery was his life
  14. 14

    a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives

    life%1:28:03:: · life_sentence.n.01

    • he got life for killing the guard

    Synonyms: life sentence

life Noun

Instance: semeval2013.d007.s009.t005 Dataset: semeval2013 Bucket: Candidate Count / 11+

Incorrect

"It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic."

"That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science.

Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.

But the researchers found that the bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, Calif., is able to continue to grow after substituting arsenic for phosphorus.

"It makes you wonder what else is possible," said Ariel D. Anbar of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report.

The find is important in the search for life beyond Earth because researchers need to be able to recognize life, to know what life looks like, Anbar said.

The study focuses on a microbe found on Earth.

Show raw prompt

system

You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

user

Target lemma: life
Target surface form: life
Context:
"It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur. But the researchers found that the bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, Calif., is able to continue to grow after substituting arsenic for phosphorus. "It makes you wonder what else is possible," said Ariel D. Anbar of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report. The find is important in the search for life beyond Earth because researchers need to be able to recognize <t>life</t>, to know what life looks like, Anbar said. The study focuses on a microbe found on Earth.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=life%1:26:01:: | definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. sense_key=life%1:09:00:: | definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. sense_key=life%1:26:02:: | definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. sense_key=life%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. sense_key=life%1:28:00:: | definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. sense_key=life%1:28:01:: | definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. sense_key=life%1:28:02:: | definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. sense_key=life%1:18:00:: | definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. sense_key=life%1:07:01:: | definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. sense_key=life%1:03:00:: | definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. sense_key=life%1:10:00:: | definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. sense_key=life%1:16:00:: | definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. sense_key=life%1:28:03:: | definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

Prediction matches gold: lexEN ✗ Maru 2022 ✗ Raganato ✗

WordNet 3.0 senses

  1. 1

    a characteristic state or mode of living

    life%1:26:01:: · life.n.01

    • social life
    • city life
  2. 2

    the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

    life%1:09:00:: · life.n.02

    • he could no longer cope with the complexities of life

    Synonyms: living

  3. 3

    the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living

    life%1:26:02:: · life.n.03

    • he hoped for a new life in Australia
    • he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
  4. 4

    the condition of living or the state of being alive

    life%1:26:00:: · animation.n.01

    • while there's life there's hope
    • life depends on many chemical and physical processes

    Synonyms: animation, living, aliveness

    Selected
  5. 5

    the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death)

    life%1:28:00:: · life.n.05

    • the battery had a short life
    • he lived a long and happy life

    Synonyms: lifetime, lifespan

  6. 6

    the period between birth and the present time

    life%1:28:01:: · life.n.06

    • I have known him all his life
  7. 7

    the period from the present until death

    life%1:28:02:: · life.n.07

    • he appointed himself emperor for life
  8. 8

    a living person

    life%1:18:00:: · life.n.08

    • his heroism saved a life
  9. 9

    animation and energy in action or expression

    life%1:07:01:: · liveliness.n.02

    • it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it

    Synonyms: liveliness, spirit, sprightliness

  10. 10

    living things collectively

    life%1:03:00:: · life.n.10

    • the oceans are teeming with life
  11. 11

    the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones

    life%1:19:00:: · life.n.11

    • there is no life on the moon
    Gold lexEN Gold Maru 2022 Gold Raganato
  12. 12

    an account of the series of events making up a person's life

    life%1:10:00:: · biography.n.01

    Synonyms: biography, life story, life history

  13. 13

    a motive for living

    life%1:16:00:: · life.n.13

    • pottery was his life
  14. 14

    a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives

    life%1:28:03:: · life_sentence.n.01

    • he got life for killing the guard

    Synonyms: life sentence

life Noun

Instance: semeval2013.d007.s009.t006 Dataset: semeval2013 Bucket: Candidate Count / 11+

Incorrect

"It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic."

"That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science.

Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.

But the researchers found that the bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, Calif., is able to continue to grow after substituting arsenic for phosphorus.

"It makes you wonder what else is possible," said Ariel D. Anbar of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report.

The find is important in the search for life beyond Earth because researchers need to be able to recognize life, to know what life looks like, Anbar said.

The study focuses on a microbe found on Earth.

Show raw prompt

system

You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

user

Target lemma: life
Target surface form: life
Context:
"It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur. But the researchers found that the bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, Calif., is able to continue to grow after substituting arsenic for phosphorus. "It makes you wonder what else is possible," said Ariel D. Anbar of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report. The find is important in the search for life beyond Earth because researchers need to be able to recognize life, to know what <t>life</t> looks like, Anbar said. The study focuses on a microbe found on Earth.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=life%1:26:01:: | definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. sense_key=life%1:09:00:: | definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. sense_key=life%1:26:02:: | definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. sense_key=life%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. sense_key=life%1:28:00:: | definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. sense_key=life%1:28:01:: | definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. sense_key=life%1:28:02:: | definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. sense_key=life%1:18:00:: | definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. sense_key=life%1:07:01:: | definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. sense_key=life%1:03:00:: | definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. sense_key=life%1:10:00:: | definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. sense_key=life%1:16:00:: | definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. sense_key=life%1:28:03:: | definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

Prediction matches gold: lexEN ✗ Maru 2022 ✗ Raganato ✗

WordNet 3.0 senses

  1. 1

    a characteristic state or mode of living

    life%1:26:01:: · life.n.01

    • social life
    • city life
  2. 2

    the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

    life%1:09:00:: · life.n.02

    • he could no longer cope with the complexities of life

    Synonyms: living

  3. 3

    the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living

    life%1:26:02:: · life.n.03

    • he hoped for a new life in Australia
    • he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
  4. 4

    the condition of living or the state of being alive

    life%1:26:00:: · animation.n.01

    • while there's life there's hope
    • life depends on many chemical and physical processes

    Synonyms: animation, living, aliveness

    Selected
  5. 5

    the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death)

    life%1:28:00:: · life.n.05

    • the battery had a short life
    • he lived a long and happy life

    Synonyms: lifetime, lifespan

  6. 6

    the period between birth and the present time

    life%1:28:01:: · life.n.06

    • I have known him all his life
  7. 7

    the period from the present until death

    life%1:28:02:: · life.n.07

    • he appointed himself emperor for life
  8. 8

    a living person

    life%1:18:00:: · life.n.08

    • his heroism saved a life
  9. 9

    animation and energy in action or expression

    life%1:07:01:: · liveliness.n.02

    • it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it

    Synonyms: liveliness, spirit, sprightliness

  10. 10

    living things collectively

    life%1:03:00:: · life.n.10

    • the oceans are teeming with life
  11. 11

    the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones

    life%1:19:00:: · life.n.11

    • there is no life on the moon
    Gold lexEN Gold Maru 2022 Gold Raganato
  12. 12

    an account of the series of events making up a person's life

    life%1:10:00:: · biography.n.01

    Synonyms: biography, life story, life history

  13. 13

    a motive for living

    life%1:16:00:: · life.n.13

    • pottery was his life
  14. 14

    a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives

    life%1:28:03:: · life_sentence.n.01

    • he got life for killing the guard

    Synonyms: life sentence

life Noun

Instance: semeval2013.d007.s013.t007 Dataset: semeval2013 Bucket: Candidate Count / 11+

Incorrect

"It makes you wonder what else is possible," said Ariel D. Anbar of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report.

The find is important in the search for life beyond Earth because researchers need to be able to recognize life, to know what life looks like, Anbar said.

The study focuses on a microbe found on Earth.

However, the announcement of a news conference to discuss it, which did not disclose details of the find, generated widespread speculation on the Internet that the report would disclose the discovery of extraterrestrial life.

It didn't.

The discovery "does show that in other planetary environments organisms might be able to use other elements to drive biochemistry and that the 'standard' set of elements we think are absolutely necessary for life might not be so fixed," commented Charles Cockell, professor at Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, Open University, in Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.

Cockell was not part of the research team.

Show raw prompt

system

You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

user

Target lemma: life
Target surface form: life
Context:
"It makes you wonder what else is possible," said Ariel D. Anbar of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report. The find is important in the search for life beyond Earth because researchers need to be able to recognize life, to know what life looks like, Anbar said. The study focuses on a microbe found on Earth. However, the announcement of a news conference to discuss it, which did not disclose details of the find, generated widespread speculation on the Internet that the report would disclose the discovery of extraterrestrial life. It didn't. The discovery "does show that in other planetary environments organisms might be able to use other elements to drive biochemistry and that the 'standard' set of elements we think are absolutely necessary for <t>life</t> might not be so fixed," commented Charles Cockell, professor at Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, Open University, in Milton Keynes, United Kingdom. Cockell was not part of the research team.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=life%1:26:01:: | definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. sense_key=life%1:09:00:: | definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. sense_key=life%1:26:02:: | definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. sense_key=life%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. sense_key=life%1:28:00:: | definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. sense_key=life%1:28:01:: | definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. sense_key=life%1:28:02:: | definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. sense_key=life%1:18:00:: | definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. sense_key=life%1:07:01:: | definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. sense_key=life%1:03:00:: | definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. sense_key=life%1:10:00:: | definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. sense_key=life%1:16:00:: | definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. sense_key=life%1:28:03:: | definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

Prediction matches gold: lexEN ✗ Maru 2022 ✗ Raganato ✗

WordNet 3.0 senses

  1. 1

    a characteristic state or mode of living

    life%1:26:01:: · life.n.01

    • social life
    • city life
  2. 2

    the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

    life%1:09:00:: · life.n.02

    • he could no longer cope with the complexities of life

    Synonyms: living

  3. 3

    the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living

    life%1:26:02:: · life.n.03

    • he hoped for a new life in Australia
    • he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
  4. 4

    the condition of living or the state of being alive

    life%1:26:00:: · animation.n.01

    • while there's life there's hope
    • life depends on many chemical and physical processes

    Synonyms: animation, living, aliveness

    Selected
  5. 5

    the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death)

    life%1:28:00:: · life.n.05

    • the battery had a short life
    • he lived a long and happy life

    Synonyms: lifetime, lifespan

  6. 6

    the period between birth and the present time

    life%1:28:01:: · life.n.06

    • I have known him all his life
  7. 7

    the period from the present until death

    life%1:28:02:: · life.n.07

    • he appointed himself emperor for life
  8. 8

    a living person

    life%1:18:00:: · life.n.08

    • his heroism saved a life
  9. 9

    animation and energy in action or expression

    life%1:07:01:: · liveliness.n.02

    • it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it

    Synonyms: liveliness, spirit, sprightliness

  10. 10

    living things collectively

    life%1:03:00:: · life.n.10

    • the oceans are teeming with life
  11. 11

    the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones

    life%1:19:00:: · life.n.11

    • there is no life on the moon
    Gold lexEN Gold Maru 2022 Gold Raganato
  12. 12

    an account of the series of events making up a person's life

    life%1:10:00:: · biography.n.01

    Synonyms: biography, life story, life history

  13. 13

    a motive for living

    life%1:16:00:: · life.n.13

    • pottery was his life
  14. 14

    a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives

    life%1:28:03:: · life_sentence.n.01

    • he got life for killing the guard

    Synonyms: life sentence

life Noun

Instance: semeval2013.d007.s026.t001 Dataset: semeval2013 Bucket: Candidate Count / 11+

Incorrect

"But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar.

The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow.

The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common.

Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that arsenic could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work.

Arsenic was more common in the early times on Earth, she said, so researchers have speculated that early life forms might have used it.

"It does suggest that that there could be other ways to form life, not just how life formed on early Earth," said Foster, who was not part of Wolfe-Simon's research team.

The research was supported by NASA, the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health.

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system

You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

user

Target lemma: life
Target surface form: life
Context:
"But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that arsenic could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work. Arsenic was more common in the early times on Earth, she said, so researchers have speculated that early life forms might have used it. "It does suggest that that there could be other ways to form <t>life</t>, not just how life formed on early Earth," said Foster, who was not part of Wolfe-Simon's research team. The research was supported by NASA, the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=life%1:26:01:: | definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. sense_key=life%1:09:00:: | definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. sense_key=life%1:26:02:: | definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. sense_key=life%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. sense_key=life%1:28:00:: | definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. sense_key=life%1:28:01:: | definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. sense_key=life%1:28:02:: | definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. sense_key=life%1:18:00:: | definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. sense_key=life%1:07:01:: | definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. sense_key=life%1:03:00:: | definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. sense_key=life%1:10:00:: | definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. sense_key=life%1:16:00:: | definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. sense_key=life%1:28:03:: | definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

Prediction matches gold: lexEN ✗ Maru 2022 ✗ Raganato ✗

WordNet 3.0 senses

  1. 1

    a characteristic state or mode of living

    life%1:26:01:: · life.n.01

    • social life
    • city life
  2. 2

    the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

    life%1:09:00:: · life.n.02

    • he could no longer cope with the complexities of life

    Synonyms: living

  3. 3

    the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living

    life%1:26:02:: · life.n.03

    • he hoped for a new life in Australia
    • he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
  4. 4

    the condition of living or the state of being alive

    life%1:26:00:: · animation.n.01

    • while there's life there's hope
    • life depends on many chemical and physical processes

    Synonyms: animation, living, aliveness

    Selected
  5. 5

    the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death)

    life%1:28:00:: · life.n.05

    • the battery had a short life
    • he lived a long and happy life

    Synonyms: lifetime, lifespan

  6. 6

    the period between birth and the present time

    life%1:28:01:: · life.n.06

    • I have known him all his life
  7. 7

    the period from the present until death

    life%1:28:02:: · life.n.07

    • he appointed himself emperor for life
  8. 8

    a living person

    life%1:18:00:: · life.n.08

    • his heroism saved a life
  9. 9

    animation and energy in action or expression

    life%1:07:01:: · liveliness.n.02

    • it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it

    Synonyms: liveliness, spirit, sprightliness

  10. 10

    living things collectively

    life%1:03:00:: · life.n.10

    • the oceans are teeming with life
  11. 11

    the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones

    life%1:19:00:: · life.n.11

    • there is no life on the moon
    Gold lexEN Gold Maru 2022 Gold Raganato
  12. 12

    an account of the series of events making up a person's life

    life%1:10:00:: · biography.n.01

    Synonyms: biography, life story, life history

  13. 13

    a motive for living

    life%1:16:00:: · life.n.13

    • pottery was his life
  14. 14

    a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives

    life%1:28:03:: · life_sentence.n.01

    • he got life for killing the guard

    Synonyms: life sentence