[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey <t>says</t> that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "says" in the context: "One survey <t>says</t> that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring." The survey is reporting or stating a fact. The sense should be about reporting or maintaining something. Sense 2: "report or maintain" with synonyms allege, aver. That fits: the survey says (reports) that... Sense 1 is "express in words" which is more general, but sense 2 is more specific to reporting a claim. Also sense 4 "have or contain a certain wording or form" could apply to a survey (the survey reads...), but the context is about the survey stating a fact, not just its wording. Sense 2 is best. So answer: {"sense_index": 2}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell_ringer
Target surface form: bellringers
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained <t>bellringers</t> in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, ringer
2. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who plays musical handbells
3. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=something that exactly succeeds in achieving its goal | synonyms=bull's eye, mark, home run | examples=the new advertising campaign was a bell ringer; scored a bull's eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma "bell_ringer" with surface form "bellringers" in the context of church bell ringers. The context discusses "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers", "bell ringing", and a survey of trained bellringers. This clearly refers to people who ring church bells, not handbells or a success. So sense 1 is the best. Sense 2 is for handbells, but the context is about church bells. Sense 3 is figurative. Thus sense index 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: today
Target surface form: today
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England <t>today</t>, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "today" in the context: "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring." Here, "today" refers to the present time or age, not specifically the current calendar day. It contrasts with past or historical numbers. Sense 1 is "the present time or age" with example "the world of today; today we have computers". Sense 2 is "the day that includes the present moment". In context, it's about the current state of bellringers in England, not about a specific day. So sense 1 is appropriate.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, <t>only</t> 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target word "only" in the context: "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring." The word "only" here indicates a limitation: out of 100,000, just 40,000 still ring. This matches sense 1: "and nothing more" (synonyms: merely, simply, just, but). The example "I was merely asking" shows a similar usage of limiting. Sense 2 is about exclusivity ("without any others being included or involved") but that is more like "entirely, exclusively, solely, alone". Here it's not saying that only 40,000 ring and no one else, but rather that the number is limited to 40,000. Sense 1 fits better. Other senses are about result, except that, condition, recency, etc., which do not fit. So the best sense is 1.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: still
Target surface form: still
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them <t>still</t> ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=still%4:02:01:: | definition=with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation | examples=it's still warm outside; will you still love me when we're old and grey?
2. sense_key=still%4:02:04:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
3. sense_key=still%4:02:00:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, yet | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=still%4:02:02:: | definition=without moving or making a sound | synonyms=stock-still | examples=he sat still as a statue; time stood still

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to perform fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "still" in the context. The target surface form is "still" in the phrase: "only 40,000 of them <t>still</t> ring." The context discusses that there are 100,000 trained bellringers, but only 40,000 of them still ring. This indicates continuation of the action up to the present, despite a decrease. The sense that fits is "with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation" which is sense 1 (still%4:02:01::). The example "it's still warm outside" parallels the usage: "only 40,000 of them still ring" means they continue to ring. Sense 2 is concessive (despite something), not fitting. Sense 3 is comparative (even more), not fitting. Sense 4 is motionless, not fitting. So answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, <t>ringers</t> do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "ringers" in the context. The context is about church bell ringers, so sense 1 (a person who rings church bells) is most appropriate. Other senses refer to identical person, impostor, or horseshoe throw. So sense_index should be 1.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: always
Target surface form: always
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not <t>always</t> live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=always%4:02:00:: | definition=at all times; all the time and on every occasion | synonyms=ever, e'er | examples=I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time
2. sense_key=always%4:02:04:: | definition=without variation or change, in every case | synonyms=constantly, invariably | examples=constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time
3. sense_key=always%4:02:03:: | definition=without interruption | synonyms=constantly, forever, perpetually, incessantly | examples=the world is constantly changing
4. sense_key=always%4:02:02:: | definition=at any time or in any event | examples=you can always resign if you don't like it; you could always take a day off
5. sense_key=always%4:02:01:: | definition=forever; throughout all time | examples=we will always be friends; I shall treasure it always

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "always" is used in the sentence: "ringers do not <t>always</t> live where the bells need to be rung". The sentence says that ringers do not always (i.e., not in every case) live where needed. This indicates a frequency or regularity sense: not all the time, not invariably. Sense 2: "without variation or change, in every case" fits: "always" here means "invariably" - they do not invariably live where needed. Sense 1 ("at all times") is similar but more about continuous time. Sense 3 ("without interruption") doesn't fit because it's about living at a place, not a continuous action. Sense 4 ("at any time or in any event") doesn't fit the context: it's not about "you can always resign". Sense 5 ("forever") is also not appropriate. So best is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: live
Target surface form: live
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always <t>live</t> where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=live%2:42:08:: | definition=inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of | synonyms=populate, dwell, inhabit | examples=People lived in Africa millions of years ago; The people inhabited the islands that are now deserted
2. sense_key=live%2:42:06:: | definition=lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style | examples=we had to live frugally after the war
3. sense_key=live%2:42:04:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, last, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
4. sense_key=live%2:42:01:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, survive, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
5. sense_key=live%2:42:00:: | definition=have life, be alive | synonyms=be | examples=Our great leader is no more; My grandfather lived until the end of war
6. sense_key=live%2:31:00:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=know, experience | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
7. sense_key=live%2:42:07:: | definition=pursue a positive and satisfying existence | examples=You must accept yourself and others if you really want to live

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "live" in the context: "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung". The sentence means they do not reside in the places where the bells are located. This is about inhabiting or residing. Sense 1: "inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of" with synonyms populate, dwell, inhabit. That fits perfectly. Other senses are about lifestyle, survival, etc. So sense_index = 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the <t>bells</t> need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: We need to choose the best sense for "bells" in the context. The context is about church bells, bell ringing, and the care of bells. The target lemma is "bell" and the surface form is "bells". The candidate senses include various definitions. Sense 1 is "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" which is the literal object. The context talks about "bells" as the actual physical objects that need to be rung, and also about bell ringers and the council. So sense 1 seems the most direct. However, we should check if any other sense fits better. Sense 3 is "the sound of a bell being struck" with example "saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells". But here "bells" is used as the object, not the sound. The phrase "the bells in your care" refers to the physical bells. Also "where the bells need to be rung" refers to the objects. Sense 4 is nautical, sense 5 is shape, sense 6-8 are people, sense 9 is a percussion instrument (like chimes), but that's more specific orchestral, not church bells. Sense 10 is flared opening of a tubular device. So clearly sense 1 is the best. The context mentions "church bells" and "bell ringing" and "the bells" as physical objects. So sense_index 1.{"sense_index": 1}

provider: Wafer


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: need
Target surface form: need
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells <t>need</t> to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=need%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=need%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=need%2:34:01:: | definition=have or feel a need for | examples=always needing friends and money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
We are given a target word "need" in the context: "ringers do not always live where the bells <t>need</t> to be rung". The sentence is: "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung". This means the bells require being rung; they need to be rung. The sense is about having a need for something, or requiring something. Let's look at the candidate senses.

1. sense_key=need%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work

This sense is about requiring something as useful or proper. The example: "success usually requires hard work" - it's a general requirement. But in the context, "the bells need to be rung" is more about the fact that they require ringing, not necessarily as a proper or useful thing? Actually, it is proper that they be rung. But the second sense is more specific: "have need of" with synonyms want, require. Example: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner" - that is like a need. The third sense: "have or feel a need for" with example "always needing friends and money". That's more about a personal need. In the context, "the bells need to be rung" is like they require it, they have a need for it. It is not a personal need; it's a requirement. But the first sense says "require as useful, just, or proper" - that could apply. However, the second sense is "have need of" which is similar. The third sense is "have or feel a need for" - which might be more about personal desire.

The key difference: sense 2:32:00:: is "have need of" (want, require) and sense 3: "have or feel a need for" - the latter is more about feeling a need? But in context, it's not about feeling, it's about the bells requiring to be rung. So probably sense 1 or 2. Let's see the example for sense 2: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner" - that is similar to "the bells need to be rung". So sense 2 seems appropriate. But sense 1 also works: "require as useful, just, or proper" - the bells need to be rung as a proper thing? Possibly. But I think sense 2 is more direct: "have need of" - the bells have a need of being rung. The example with "wants" is similar.

Additionally, note that in WordNet, sense 1 has a different syntactic category? It's verb. But all are verbs. We need to choose the best.

Given the context: "where the bells need to be rung" - this is a passive construction: "need to be rung" - it's like "require being rung". So it's a necessity. I think sense 1 (require as useful, just, or proper) could also fit. But sense 2 "have need of" often takes a direct object: "need something" but here it's "need to be rung" - that is like "need to be" which is similar to "require". Actually, "need" as a verb can take an infinitive: "need to be done". That is common. In sense 2, the example "wants the attention" is a noun object, not infinitive. But sense 1 example "success usually requires hard work" is also noun object. So both can take objects. However, "need" in this context is used with an infinitive: "need to be rung". That is a typical use of "need" as a modal or semi-modal? But it's still a verb. In WordNet, sense 1 has "require" as synonym, and "require" can take an infinitive: "requires to be done"? Actually, "require" often takes an object or that-clause. But "require" can also be used with infinitive: "He requires to be informed." But it's less common. However, "need" is commonly used with to-infinitive: "I need to go." So that might be more aligned with sense 2 or 3? Sense 3 says "have or feel a need for" - that would be "need for something" or "need to do"? Actually, "have a need for" is usually followed by a noun. But the example "always needing friends and money" is using the verb "need" with a direct object. So all are similar.

I think the best is sense 2: "have need of" because it directly corresponds to "need" as a verb meaning to require something. Sense 1 is more about requiring as a necessity or proper thing. But in the context, it's about the bells requiring ringing because they are supposed to be rung? Actually, it's about a practical necessity: the bells need to be rung because there are bells that should be rung but no ringers. So it's a requirement. I'd go with sense 1 or 2. Let's see the difference: sense 1 has synonyms "necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve" - these are more formal. Sense 2 has "want, require" - more common. The example for sense 2 is "This piano wants the attention" - that is a need. The context "bells need to be rung" is similar to "bells want to be rung"? Not exactly.

Maybe sense 3: "have or feel a need for" - that would be more about personal desire, like "I need a vacation", but here it's not about feeling a need, it's about objective requirement. So I think sense 2 is best.

But let's check the sentence again: "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung" - that means the bells require ringing, but it's not a personal need. It's a functional necessity. So I think sense 1 ("require as useful, just, or proper") might be closer. But "useful, just, or proper" suggests a normative need. In the context, it's about the necessity of ringing because the bells are there and should be rung. So that fits.

Another way: The verb "need" in this context is a main verb with a to-infinitive. In WordNet, sense 2 is "have need of" which typically takes a noun object. But the example "wants" is also a verb that can take an infinitive? "wants to be" is possible. But the example given is "wants the attention" (noun). So it's ambiguous.

I'll look at the definitions: sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper" - that covers necessity. sense 2: "have need of" - that is more direct. I think both are close, but sense 2's synonym "want" is also used in similar constructions: "The car wants washing" (meaning needs). So I'd lean towards sense 2.

But note that the example for sense 2 uses "wants" with a noun object, but "want" can also take an infinitive: "I want to go." However, "need" in the context is passive? Actually "need to be rung" is passive infinitive. It's similar to "need" as in "require". I think sense 1 is more appropriate for "require" as a general necessity.

Given the instruction to choose the best based on context, I'll go with sense 2 because it's more direct "have need of" and the example "piano wants attention" is analogous to "bells need ringing". But the sentence uses "need to be rung" which is similar.

Perhaps sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper" - the bells need to be rung as part of church life? The context says "we may no longer have as high a priority", so it's not necessarily proper, but it's a need. I think sense 2 is fine.

I'll choose sense 2? But wait, the candidate senses are numbered 1,2,3. I need to return the sense_index as a number. Which one is more appropriate? Let's see the example for sense 3: "always needing friends and money" - that's a personal need. Not applicable. So between 1 and 2, I think 2 is more common for "need" as in "require" when used with infinitive. But I'm not sure.

Alternatively, look at the subcategorization: sense 1 has "require" which can take a direct object or a that-clause, but "need" often takes an infinitive. In WordNet, "need" as a verb has multiple senses. The typical sense for "need to do" is often sense 2? Actually, many dictionaries list "need" as a modal or main verb. WordNet has three verb senses. The first requires as useful, just, or proper (e.g., "This job requires skill" or "It takes nerve"). The second is "have need of" (e.g., "I need a new car"). The third is "have or feel a need for" (e.g., "I need to see you" - maybe? But the example "always needing friends and money" is more like wanting).

I think in the context, "bells need to be rung" is equivalent to "bells require being rung" or "bells have a need for being rung". Since "require" is in sense 1, and "have need of" is sense 2, both could work. But note that "require" can also be used with an infinitive? "require to be rung" is less common but possible. I'd say sense 2 is more natural because "need" is often used as "have need of" and the example "piano wants attention" shows a similar structure.

Given that the context uses "need" in the phrase "need to be rung", which is a common pattern for expressing necessity. I think sense 2 is the best fit because it's about having a need for something. But sense 1 is about requiring as a proper thing, which might be more general.

I'll check the synonyms: sense 1: necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve. sense 2: want, require. "require" appears in both. So they are similar. The difference is in the definition: "require as useful, just, or proper" implies a judgment of utility or propriety, while "have need of" is more about lacking or wanting. In the context, the bells need to be rung because they are there and should be rung, but perhaps it's more about the lack of ringers? The sentence says "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung" - meaning the bells are in places that require ringing because they are there and need to be rung. It's a necessity. So both fit.

I think sense 1 might be slightly better because it's about "require" as a general necessity. But I'll go with sense 2 because the example for sense 2 is closer to the structure: "wants the attention" vs "needs to be rung" - both are about something requiring an action. Actually, "wants" is a synonym for "needs" in that sense. So sense 2.

Thus, I'll choose sense_index 2. But wait, the sense keys are given: 1,2,3. The instruction says "do not answer with a WordNet sense key" but return the index. So I'll return {"sense_index": 2}. But let's double-check: The context has "need" as a verb. The sentence is "where the bells need to be rung". That is a typical use of "need" as a verb meaning "require". So I think both 1 and 2 are plausible. However, the third sense is "have or feel a need for" which is more about personal desire, so not that. So between 1 and 2, I'll pick 2 because it's more direct.

Actually, I recall that in WordNet, the verb "need" has two main senses: one is "require as useful, just, or proper" (like "I need that" or "it requires"), and the other is "have need of" which is more like "want" or "lack". The example "piano wants attention" is in sense 2. So sense 2 is for when you have a need for something, like lacking something. In the context, the bells need to be rung because they are in places where there are no ringers? It's about a lack of ringers. So actually, it's more about "have need of" because the bells require ringers. So sense 2 fits.

I think sense 2 is correct.

Thus, I'll return {"sense_index": 2}.{"sense_index": 2"}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: need
Target surface form: need
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells <t>need</t> to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=need%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=need%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=need%2:34:01:: | definition=have or feel a need for | examples=always needing friends and money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant]
We are given a target word "need" in the context: "ringers do not always live where the bells <t>need</t> to be rung". The sentence is: "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung". This means the bells require being rung; they need to be rung. The sense is about having a need for something, or requiring something. Let's look at the candidate senses.

1. sense_key=need%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work

This sense is about requiring something as useful or proper. The example: "success usually requires hard work" - it's a general requirement. But in the context, "the bells need to be rung" is more about the fact that they require ringing, not necessarily as a proper or useful thing? Actually, it is proper that they be rung. But the second sense is more specific: "have need of" with synonyms want, require. Example: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner" - that is like a need. The third sense: "have or feel a need for" with example "always needing friends and money". That's more about a personal need. In the context, "the bells need to be rung" is like they require it, they have a need for it. It is not a personal need; it's a requirement. But the first sense says "require as useful, just, or proper" - that could apply. However, the second sense is "have need of" which is similar. The third sense is "have or feel a need for" - which might be more about personal desire.

The key difference: sense 2:32:00:: is "have need of" (want, require) and sense 3: "have or feel a need for" - the latter is more about feeling a need? But in context, it's not about feeling, it's about the bells requiring to be rung. So probably sense 1 or 2. Let's see the example for sense 2: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner" - that is similar to "the bells need to be rung". So sense 2 seems appropriate. But sense 1 also works: "require as useful, just, or proper" - the bells need to be rung as a proper thing? Possibly. But I think sense 2 is more direct: "have need of" - the bells have a need of being rung. The example with "wants" is similar.

Additionally, note that in WordNet, sense 1 has a different syntactic category? It's verb. But all are verbs. We need to choose the best.

Given the context: "where the bells need to be rung" - this is a passive construction: "need to be rung" - it's like "require being rung". So it's a necessity. I think sense 1 (require as useful, just, or proper) could also fit. But sense 2 "have need of" often takes a direct object: "need something" but here it's "need to be rung" - that is like "need to be" which is similar to "require". Actually, "need" as a verb can take an infinitive: "need to be done". That is common. In sense 2, the example "wants the attention" is a noun object, not infinitive. But sense 1 example "success usually requires hard work" is also noun object. So both can take objects. However, "need" in this context is used with an infinitive: "need to be rung". That is a typical use of "need" as a modal or semi-modal? But it's still a verb. In WordNet, sense 1 has "require" as synonym, and "require" can take an infinitive: "requires to be done"? Actually, "require" often takes an object or that-clause. But "require" can also be used with infinitive: "He requires to be informed." But it's less common. However, "need" is commonly used with to-infinitive: "I need to go." So that might be more aligned with sense 2 or 3? Sense 3 says "have or feel a need for" - that would be "need for something" or "need to do"? Actually, "have a need for" is usually followed by a noun. But the example "always needing friends and money" is using the verb "need" with a direct object. So all are similar.

I think the best is sense 2: "have need of" because it directly corresponds to "need" as a verb meaning to require something. Sense 1 is more about requiring as a necessity or proper thing. But in the context, it's about the bells requiring ringing because they are supposed to be rung? Actually, it's about a practical necessity: the bells need to be rung because there are bells that should be rung but no ringers. So it's a requirement. I'd go with sense 1 or 2. Let's see the difference: sense 1 has synonyms "necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve" - these are more formal. Sense 2 has "want, require" - more common. The example for sense 2 is "This piano wants the attention" - that is a need. The context "bells need to be rung" is similar to "bells want to be rung"? Not exactly.

Maybe sense 3: "have or feel a need for" - that would be more about personal desire, like "I need a vacation", but here it's not about feeling a need, it's about objective requirement. So I think sense 2 is best.

But let's check the sentence again: "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung" - that means the bells require ringing, but it's not a personal need. It's a functional necessity. So I think sense 1 ("require as useful, just, or proper") might be closer. But "useful, just, or proper" suggests a normative need. In the context, it's about the necessity of ringing because the bells are there and should be rung. So that fits.

Another way: The verb "need" in this context is a main verb with a to-infinitive. In WordNet, sense 2 is "have need of" which typically takes a noun object. But the example "wants" is also a verb that can take an infinitive? "wants to be" is possible. But the example given is "wants the attention" (noun). So it's ambiguous.

I'll look at the definitions: sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper" - that covers necessity. sense 2: "have need of" - that is more direct. I think both are close, but sense 2's synonym "want" is also used in similar constructions: "The car wants washing" (meaning needs). So I'd lean towards sense 2.

But note that the example for sense 2 uses "wants" with a noun object, but "want" can also take an infinitive: "I want to go." However, "need" in the context is passive? Actually "need to be rung" is passive infinitive. It's similar to "need" as in "require". I think sense 1 is more appropriate for "require" as a general necessity.

Given the instruction to choose the best based on context, I'll go with sense 2 because it's more direct "have need of" and the example "piano wants attention" is analogous to "bells need ringing". But the sentence uses "need to be rung" which is similar.

Perhaps sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper" - the bells need to be rung as part of church life? The context says "we may no longer have as high a priority", so it's not necessarily proper, but it's a need. I think sense 2 is fine.

I'll choose sense 2? But wait, the candidate senses are numbered 1,2,3. I need to return the sense_index as a number. Which one is more appropriate? Let's see the example for sense 3: "always needing friends and money" - that's a personal need. Not applicable. So between 1 and 2, I think 2 is more common for "need" as in "require" when used with infinitive. But I'm not sure.

Alternatively, look at the subcategorization: sense 1 has "require" which can take a direct object or a that-clause, but "need" often takes an infinitive. In WordNet, "need" as a verb has multiple senses. The typical sense for "need to do" is often sense 2? Actually, many dictionaries list "need" as a modal or main verb. WordNet has three verb senses. The first requires as useful, just, or proper (e.g., "This job requires skill" or "It takes nerve"). The second is "have need of" (e.g., "I need a new car"). The third is "have or feel a need for" (e.g., "I need to see you" - maybe? But the example "always needing friends and money" is more like wanting).

I think in the context, "bells need to be rung" is equivalent to "bells require being rung" or "bells have a need for being rung". Since "require" is in sense 1, and "have need of" is sense 2, both could work. But note that "require" can also be used with an infinitive? "require to be rung" is less common but possible. I'd say sense 2 is more natural because "need" is often used as "have need of" and the example "piano wants attention" shows a similar structure.

Given that the context uses "need" in the phrase "need to be rung", which is a common pattern for expressing necessity. I think sense 2 is the best fit because it's about having a need for something. But sense 1 is about requiring as a proper thing, which might be more general.

I'll check the synonyms: sense 1: necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve. sense 2: want, require. "require" appears in both. So they are similar. The difference is in the definition: "require as useful, just, or proper" implies a judgment of utility or propriety, while "have need of" is more about lacking or wanting. In the context, the bells need to be rung because they are there and should be rung, but perhaps it's more about the lack of ringers? The sentence says "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung" - meaning the bells are in places that require ringing because they are there and need to be rung. It's a necessity. So both fit.

I think sense 1 might be slightly better because it's about "require" as a general necessity. But I'll go with sense 2 because the example for sense 2 is closer to the structure: "wants the attention" vs "needs to be rung" - both are about something requiring an action. Actually, "wants" is a synonym for "needs" in that sense. So sense 2.

Thus, I'll choose sense_index 2. But wait, the sense keys are given: 1,2,3. The instruction says "do not answer with a WordNet sense key" but return the index. So I'll return {"sense_index": 2}. But let's double-check: The context has "need" as a verb. The sentence is "where the bells need to be rung". That is a typical use of "need" as a verb meaning "require". So I think both 1 and 2 are plausible. However, the third sense is "have or feel a need for" which is more about personal desire, so not that. So between 1 and 2, I'll pick 2 because it's more direct.

Actually, I recall that in WordNet, the verb "need" has two main senses: one is "require as useful, just, or proper" (like "I need that" or "it requires"), and the other is "have need of" which is more like "want" or "lack". The example "piano wants attention" is in sense 2. So sense 2 is for when you have a need for something, like lacking something. In the context, the bells need to be rung because they are in places where there are no ringers? It's about a lack of ringers. So actually, it's more about "have need of" because the bells require ringers. So sense 2 fits.

I think sense 2 is correct.

Thus, I'll return {"sense_index": 2}.{"sense_index": 2"}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 3. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content: We need to select the best sense index for "need" in the given context. The target form is "need" in the phrase "where the bells <t>need</t> to be rung". The context discusses a lack of ringers, so the bells require being rung. Sense 2 ("have need of") seems most appropriate because it directly matches the idea of requiring something. Sense 1 ("require as useful, just, or proper") is also possible but broader. Sense 3 ("have or feel a need for") implies a personal feeling, which doesn't fit. The best choice is sense index 2.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ring
Target surface form: rung
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be <t>rung</t> -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border | examples=The forest surrounds my property
6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band | examples=ring birds; band the geese to observe their migratory patterns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to determine the correct sense of "rung" (past participle of ring) in the context. The sentence: "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung". This clearly refers to the action of making bells ring. Among the candidate senses, sense 3 is "make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification" with synonyms "knell" and example "Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church". Sense 1 is "sound loudly and sonorously" with example "the bells rang", which is intransitive. Here, "bells need to be rung" is passive transitive, meaning someone rings the bells. So sense 3 is more appropriate as it is transitive (make bells ring). Sense 1 is intransitive. Therefore, sense_index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: small
Target surface form: small
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in <t>small</t>, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=small%3:00:00:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=little | examples=a little dining room; a little house
2. sense_key=small%5:00:00:limited:00 | definition=limited in size or scope | synonyms=minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized | examples=a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation
3. sense_key=small%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=little | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
4. sense_key=small%5:00:00:little:03 | definition=slight or limited; especially in degree or intensity or scope | examples=a series of death struggles with small time in between
5. sense_key=small%5:00:00:inferior:01 | definition=low or inferior in station or quality | synonyms=humble, low, lowly, modest | examples=a humble cottage; a lowly parish priest
6. sense_key=small%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=little, minuscule | examples=little a; small a
7. sense_key=small%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=little | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
8. sense_key=small%5:00:00:fine:00 | definition=have fine or very small constituent particles | examples=a small misty rain
9. sense_key=small%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=not large but sufficient in size or amount | synonyms=modest | examples=a modest salary; modest inflation
10. sense_key=small%5:00:00:decreased:00 | definition=made to seem smaller or less (especially in worth) | synonyms=belittled, diminished | examples=her comments made me feel small

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma "small" in the context: "like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches." The context describes parishes that are small in size or scale, likely referring to the size of the parish or the number of parishioners. The phrase "small, rural parishes" suggests parishes that are not large, perhaps with a limited number of members or a limited geographic area. Among the candidate senses, sense 2 (limited in size or scope) seems appropriate: "a small business" example fits similarly. Sense 1 is about number or quantity, but here it's more about size/scope. Sense 5 (inferior) might be possible, but rural parishes are not necessarily inferior, just smaller. Sense 9 (moderate) doesn't fit because "small" is not "moderate"; it's smaller than moderate. Sense 2 has synonyms like "minor, modest, small-scale" which fit well. Therefore, I choose sense index 2.

provider: Io Net


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: council
Target surface form: council
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the <t>council</t>'s program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=council%1:14:01:: | definition=a body serving in an administrative capacity | examples=student council
2. sense_key=council%1:14:02:: | definition=(Christianity) an assembly of theologians and bishops and other representatives of different churches or dioceses that is convened to regulate matters of discipline or doctrine
3. sense_key=council%1:14:00:: | definition=a meeting of people for consultation | examples=emergency council

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to choose the best sense for "council" in the context. The context: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful..." The council referred to is likely a governing body related to bell ringing or church affairs. The candidate senses:
1. a body serving in an administrative capacity (e.g., student council)
2. (Christianity) an assembly of theologians and bishops (church council)
3. a meeting of people for consultation (emergency council)

The text mentions "the council" in relation to a program to attract and train ringers. It seems to be an ongoing administrative body, not a one-time meeting. Also, it's not specifically a church council of theologians/bishops, but more likely a general administrative body (like a bell-ringing council). Given the context "the council's program" implies an organization, not a meeting. Sense 1 fits best: a body serving in an administrative capacity. Sense 2 is specific to Christian doctrine/discipline, not mentioned. Sense 3 is a meeting, not an ongoing entity. So answer is sense 1.

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's <t>program</t> to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "program" in the context. The context is about a council's program to attract and train bell ringers. This is a plan or set of activities aimed at achieving a goal (attracting and training ringers). Sense 1 is "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished" (plan, programme). Sense 2 is "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" (programme) which also fits. But the context says "the council's program to attract and train ringers" - it's a specific initiative with steps. Sense 1 seems more general, sense 2 is more about public services. However, the example for sense 2 includes "working mothers rely on the day care program" which is a service. The council's program is more like a plan to achieve a goal. Also note sense 6 is academic studies, not relevant. Sense 3 is TV/radio show, not. Sense 4 political platform, no. Sense 5 event program, no. Sense 7 computer program, no. Sense 8 performance, no. So between 1 and 2. The definition of sense 1: "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished" fits well with "program to attract and train ringers" - it's a plan with steps. Sense 2: "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" - this could also apply, but the word "system" might imply ongoing services. The context says it's only partly successful and they try to keep new ringers, so it's a specific initiative. I think sense 1 is more precise. The synonyms for sense 1 include "plan" which matches. So I'll choose sense_index 1.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attract
Target surface form: attract
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to <t>attract</t> and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attract%2:35:00:: | definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | synonyms=pull, pull in, draw, draw in | examples=Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers
2. sense_key=attract%2:37:00:: | definition=be attractive to | synonyms=appeal | examples=The idea of a vacation appeals to me; The beautiful garden attracted many people
3. sense_key=attract%2:35:01:: | definition=exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away | examples=the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to choose the best sense for "attract" in the context: "the council's program to attract and train ringers". The context is about a program to attract people to become bell ringers. The sense should relate to drawing people in, appealing to them. Let's examine the options:

Sense 1: "direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes" with synonyms pull, pull in, draw, draw in. Example: "Her good looks attract the stares of many men". This sense seems about causing something to come towards you, often physically or psychologically. In the context, the program wants to attract ringers, meaning to get them to come and join. This fits.

Sense 2: "be attractive to" with synonym "appeal". Example: "The idea of a vacation appeals to me; The beautiful garden attracted many people". This sense is about being appealing or pleasing. It could also fit, as the program wants to be attractive to potential ringers.

Sense 3: "exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away" with example "the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies". This is a physical force sense, not applicable to people being attracted to a program.

Between sense 1 and sense 2, both could apply. But sense 1 emphasizes a more active drawing in, while sense 2 emphasizes being appealing. The context says "program to attract and train ringers" - it's about getting them to come, which is more like "draw in" (sense 1). Sense 2 might be more about the program itself being attractive, but the verb "attract" here is used transitively: the program attracts ringers. The examples for sense 1 include "The ad pulled in many potential customers" which is similar to a program pulling in ringers. Sense 2 example "The beautiful garden attracted many people" also works. However, the synonyms for sense 1 include "pull in" which closely matches the idea of a program pulling in people. I think sense 1 is a bit more precise.

Also, note that sense 2 is defined as "be attractive to" which is a stative sense (the program is attractive), but in the context, it's an active process: the program aims to attract (pull in) ringers. So sense 1 is better.

Thus, sense index 1.

Return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: train
Target surface form: train
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and <t>train</t> ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=train%2:31:01:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=develop, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
2. sense_key=train%2:31:00:: | definition=undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession | synonyms=prepare | examples=She is training to be a teacher; He trained as a legal aid
3. sense_key=train%2:41:02:: | definition=develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control | synonyms=discipline, check, condition | examples=Parents must discipline their children; Is this dog trained?
4. sense_key=train%2:41:00:: | definition=educate for a future role or function | synonyms=prepare, groom | examples=He is grooming his son to become his successor; The prince was prepared to become King one day
5. sense_key=train%2:41:01:: | definition=teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment | synonyms=educate, school, cultivate, civilize, civilise | examples=Cultivate your musical taste; Train your tastebuds
6. sense_key=train%2:33:00:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, take, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
7. sense_key=train%2:32:00:: | definition=teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports | synonyms=coach | examples=He is training our Olympic team; She is coaching the crew
8. sense_key=train%2:29:00:: | definition=exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition | examples=She is training for the Olympics
9. sense_key=train%2:41:03:: | definition=cause to grow in a certain way by tying and pruning it | examples=train the vine
10. sense_key=train%2:38:00:: | definition=travel by rail or train | synonyms=rail | examples=They railed from Rome to Venice; She trained to Hamburg
11. sense_key=train%2:35:04:: | definition=drag loosely along a surface; allow to sweep the ground | synonyms=trail | examples=The toddler was trailing his pants; She trained her long scarf behind her

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to determine the correct sense of "train" in the context: "the council's program to attract and <t>train</t> ringers". The context is about bell ringers. The program aims to attract and train new ringers. This involves teaching them how to ring bells. The sense should be about teaching or instructing someone in a skill. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. "create by training and teaching" - examples: "develop the leaders for the future" - this could fit, but it's broader.
2. "undergo training or instruction" - this is reflexive, but in the text "train ringers" means the council trains them, not the ringers train themselves.
3. "develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice" - specifically about behavior and self-control, not directly about bell ringing.
4. "educate for a future role or function" - this fits well: grooming someone for a role. Bell ringing is a role.
5. "teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment" - not applicable.
6. "point or cause to go" - not applicable.
7. "teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports" - this is about coaching, similar to training in sports. Bell ringing is a skill, could be analogous.
8. "exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition" - more about physical training, not teaching.
9. "cause to grow in a certain way" - plants.
10. "travel by rail" - no.
11. "drag loosely" - no.

The best senses are 1, 4, and 7. Sense 1 has "create by training and teaching" which is broad. Sense 4 is "educate for a future role or function" which is exactly what the council is doing: training people to become ringers. Sense 7 is specifically for sports coaching. Since bell ringing is not typically considered a sport but a skill/craft, sense 4 seems more appropriate. Also, sense 2 is about undergoing training, not actively training others. So sense 4 is best.

Note: The instruction says "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key" but to return JSON with sense_index. So we need to output the index number. Sense 4 corresponds to index 4? Wait, the candidate senses are numbered 1 to 11. Sense 4 is "sense_key=train%2:41:00::" - that is index 4. So answer {"sense_index": 4}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train <t>ringers</t> is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a context about bell ringing and lack of ringers. The target word "ringers" appears in "lack of ringers" and later "trained bellringers" and "new ringer". Clearly the context is about people who ring church bells. So sense 1 fits: "a person who rings church bells". The other senses are about identical persons (dead ringer), fraudulent contestants, or horseshoes. So the best sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is <t>only</t> partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "only" in the context: "the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful". The candidate senses are various adverbial senses of "only". We need to choose the best sense index. Let's analyze each sense:

1. sense 1: "and nothing more" = merely, simply, just, but. Example: "I was merely asking". This sense indicates limitation, that something is no more than what is stated. In "only partly successful", "only" modifies "partly successful" to mean "just partly successful" or "merely partly successful", implying a limited degree. This fits well.

2. sense 2: "without any others being included or involved" = entirely, exclusively, solely, alone. Example: "was entirely to blame". This sense indicates exclusivity. But here, "only partly successful" does not mean exclusively partly successful; it means not fully successful, but just partly. The sense of exclusivity doesn't fit because "partly" already indicates a portion. "Only partly successful" contrasts with "entirely successful" or "fully successful". So sense 2 is not appropriate.

3. sense 3: "with nevertheless the final result" = "He arrived only to find his wife dead". This sense indicates a consequence that is unexpected or ironic. The context does not have that; it's just stating a degree.

4. sense 4: "in the final outcome" = "These news will only make you more upset". This sense indicates that something will inevitably lead to a certain result. "only partly successful" is not about a final outcome; it's about the current state.

5. sense 5: "except that" = "It was the same story; only this time she came out better". This sense introduces an exception or contrast. Not fitting here.

6. sense 6: "never except when" = only if, only when. Example: "call me only if your cold gets worse". This is conditional, not applicable.

7. sense 7: "as recently as" = "I spoke to him only an hour ago". This is temporal, not applicable.

Thus, sense 1 is the best fit. The context: "the council's program ... is only partly successful" means it is merely partly successful, not fully successful. So I choose sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, <t>says</t> Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to choose the best sense for "says" in the context. The target appears multiple times, but we focus on the one marked with <t>says</t>: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, <t>says</t> Mr. Baldwin." This is a direct quotation attribution. The speaker is stating something. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | express in words | synonyms=state, tell - This seems appropriate: Mr. Baldwin says (states) that the program is only partly successful.

2. report or maintain (allege, aver) - This could also fit, but "allege" implies a claim without proof, which might not be the best here.

3. express a supposition - No, this is not a supposition.

4. have or contain a certain wording or form - Not applicable.

5. give instructions to or direct - No.

6. speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way - Not about pronunciation.

7. communicate or express nonverbally - No.

8. utter aloud - Could be, but it's more about the content.

9. state as one's opinion or judgement; declare - This is also possible: "I say let's forget this whole business" example. But sense 1 is more general.

10. recite or repeat a fixed text - No.

11. indicate - The clock says noon - different.

The best fit is sense 1: express in words. The context is Mr. Baldwin saying something. The synonyms "state, tell" match. Examples: "He said that he wanted to marry her" is similar to "says Mr. Baldwin, 'We recognize...'" and the marked one: "is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin." So sense 1 is correct.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: Right
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "<t>Right</t> now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%4:02:04:: | definition=precisely, exactly | examples=stand right here!
2. sense_key=right%4:02:08:: | definition=immediately | examples=she called right after dinner
3. sense_key=right%4:02:09:: | definition=exactly | synonyms=flop | examples=he fell flop on his face
4. sense_key=right%4:02:03:: | definition=toward or on the right; also used figuratively | examples=he looked right and left; the party has moved right
5. sense_key=right%4:02:01:: | definition=in the right manner | synonyms=properly, decently, decent, in good order, the right way | examples=please do your job properly!; can't you carry me decent?
6. sense_key=right%4:02:00:: | definition=an interjection expressing agreement | synonyms=right on
7. sense_key=right%4:02:07:: | definition=completely | examples=she felt right at home; he fell right into the trap
8. sense_key=right%4:02:06:: | definition=(Southern regional intensive) very; to a great degree | synonyms=mighty, mightily, powerful | examples=the baby is mighty cute; he's mighty tired
9. sense_key=right%4:02:05:: | definition=in accordance with moral or social standards | synonyms=justly | examples=that serves him right; do right by him
10. sense_key=right%4:02:02:: | definition=in an accurate manner | synonyms=correctly, aright | examples=the flower had been correctly depicted by his son; he guessed right

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to determine which sense of "right" is used in the context. The sentence is: "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10." The phrase "right now" indicates a time reference. The candidate senses include:
1. precisely, exactly (stand right here!) - but that's for location.
2. immediately (she called right after dinner) - that's for time.
3. exactly (synonyms: flop) - seems similar but with example "he fell flop on his face" - not time.
4. toward or on the right; also used figuratively - not.
5. in the right manner (properly) - not.
6. interjection expressing agreement - not.
7. completely (she felt right at home; he fell right into the trap) - "right at home" means completely, but "right now" could be "completely now"? Not really.
8. (Southern regional intensive) very; to a great degree - not.
9. in accordance with moral or social standards - not.
10. in an accurate manner (correctly) - not.

The phrase "right now" typically means "immediately" or "at this very moment". Sense 2 is "immediately" with example "she called right after dinner". That fits time context. Sense 1 is "precisely, exactly" but example "stand right here" is location. "Right now" is more about immediacy. So sense 2 (immediately) is the best. The sense key for that is right%4:02:08:: which is sense_index 2? Actually, the list:
1: sense_key=right%4:02:04::
2: sense_key=right%4:02:08::
3: sense_key=right%4:02:09::
4: right%4:02:03::
5: right%4:02:01::
6: right%4:02:00::
7: right%4:02:07::
8: right%4:02:06::
9: right%4:02:05::
10: right%4:02:02::

So sense 2 is "immediately". So answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: now
Target surface form: now
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right <t>now</t>, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: | definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: | definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets
3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: | definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: | definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: | definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: | definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: | definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "now" in the context: "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10." The candidate senses are listed with definitions and examples. We need to select the single best indexed sense.

The phrase "right now" indicates at the present moment. Sense 4 is "at the present moment" with synonyms "at present". That fits perfectly. Sense 2 is "in these times" which could also work, but sense 4 is more specific to the present moment with no time intervening. However, sense 5 is "without delay or hesitation" but "right now" here is not about immediacy but about current time. The sentence says "Right now, we're lucky..." meaning currently, at this time. So sense 4 is best.

Thus, the sense index is 4.