[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: social
Target surface form: social
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the <t>social</t> partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=social%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to human society and its members | synonyms=societal | examples=social institutions; societal evolution
2. sense_key=social%3:00:00:: | definition=living together or enjoying life in communities or organized groups | examples=a human being is a social animal; mature social behavior
3. sense_key=social%3:01:02:: | definition=relating to or belonging to or characteristic of high society | examples=made fun of her being so social and high-toned; a social gossip colum
4. sense_key=social%5:00:00:sociable:00 | definition=composed of sociable people or formed for the purpose of sociability | examples=a purely social club; the church has a large social hall
5. sense_key=social%5:00:00:gregarious:00 | definition=tending to move or live together in groups or colonies of the same kind | examples=ants are social insects
6. sense_key=social%5:00:00:friendly:01 | definition=marked by friendly companionship with others | examples=a social cup of coffee

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "social" in the context. The context includes phrases like "social partners" and "social exclusion". The candidate senses are listed. We need to choose the best sense.

The context: "The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the <t>social</t> partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries."

The phrase "social partners" refers to organizations representing employers and employees (e.g., trade unions and employer associations) that engage in social dialogue. This is about societal and economic relations, not about sociability or high society.

Sense 1: "relating to human society and its members" with synonyms "societal". This fits well because "social partners" are actors in society, specifically in the context of industrial relations and social dialogue.

Sense 2: "living together or enjoying life in communities or organized groups" - this is more about gregariousness, not the institutional sense.

Sense 3: "relating to or belonging to or characteristic of high society" - not relevant.

Sense 4: "composed of sociable people or formed for the purpose of sociability" - not relevant.

Sense 5: "tending to move or live together in groups or colonies of the same kind" - refers to ants, etc.

Sense 6: "marked by friendly companionship with others" - not relevant.

The best is sense 1.

Also, the context mentions "social exclusion" and "social affairs", which again relate to society and its structures.

Thus, sense index 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: representative
Target surface form: representatives
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as <t>representatives</t> of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=representative%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who represents others
2. sense_key=representative%1:18:02:: | definition=an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose | synonyms=spokesperson, interpreter, voice | examples=the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government
3. sense_key=representative%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the United States House of Representatives | synonyms=congressman, congresswoman
4. sense_key=representative%1:09:00:: | definition=an item of information that is typical of a class or group | synonyms=example, illustration, instance | examples=this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome; there is an example on page 10

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "representatives" in context. The sentence is: "The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as <t>representatives</t> of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries."

The candidates:
1. a person who represents others (general)
2. an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose (spokesperson)
3. a member of the United States House of Representatives
4. an item of information that is typical of a class or group

The context is about social partners and national level peak organisations. These are representatives of organizations, not necessarily spokespersons (though could be), but sense 1 is the most general. Sense 2 specifically mentions "advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose" and has synonyms "spokesperson, interpreter, voice." The context says "senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations." That suggests they are acting as representatives of those organizations, likely speaking for them. Sense 1 is very general. Sense 2 is more specific to advocacy and speaking on behalf of. The example for sense 2: "the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government" fits the context of officials representing organizations. Sense 3 is specific to US House of Representatives, not applicable. Sense 4 is about typical examples, not people. So the best choice is sense 2.

Thus sense_index = 2.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: AkashML

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: national
Target surface form: national
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of <t>national</t> level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=national%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero; national anthem
2. sense_key=national%3:00:00:: | definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy
3. sense_key=national%3:00:01:: | definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government; national elections
4. sense_key=national%5:00:00:public:00 | definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
5. sense_key=national%5:00:00:domestic:00 | definition=inside the country | synonyms=home, interior, internal | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior; the nation's internal politics
6. sense_key=national%3:01:02:: | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
7. sense_key=national%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to choose the best sense for "national" in the context: "senior officials of the social partners as representatives of <t>national</t> level peak organisations in fifteen European countries."

The phrase "national level peak organisations" suggests organisations that operate at the level of a nation, i.e., representing the entire country. This is about belonging to or covering an entire nation. Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=national%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country. Examples: national hero; national anthem. This is a general sense of pertaining to a nation.

2. sense_key=national%3:00:00:: | definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation. Examples: national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy. This emphasizes being limited to one nation, possibly contrasting with international.

3. sense_key=national%3:00:01:: | definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country. Examples: the national government; national elections. This emphasizes the entire nation, as opposed to local or regional.

4. sense_key=national%5:00:00:public:00 | definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government. Examples: national parks. This is about public ownership at national level.

5. sense_key=national%5:00:00:domestic:00 | definition=inside the country. Synonyms: home, interior, internal. This is about domestic vs foreign.

6. sense_key=national%3:01:02:: | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation. Examples: a national trait. This is about cultural traits.

7. sense_key=national%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to nationality. Examples: national origin. This is about nationality as in citizenship or ethnic origin.

In context, "national level peak organisations" refers to organisations that represent the whole country at the highest level. This fits sense 3: "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country" – because "national level" means the level of the entire nation. Sense 1 is also possible but is more generic. Sense 3 specifically includes the example "national government" and "national elections" which are about the entire nation. The phrase "national level" is akin to "national government" in scope. Sense 2 might be interpreted as limited to a nation, but the context is about organisations that are at the national level as opposed to regional or European level. The phrase "peak organisations" often means umbrella organisations at national level.

Therefore, sense 3 seems the best fit.

Let's double-check: The context also mentions "fifteen European countries", so these are national-level organisations within each country. They are not necessarily limited to national interests (sense 2) but rather operating at the scale of the entire nation. Sense 3 uses "belonging to an entire nation" which matches.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: level
Target surface form: level
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national <t>level</t> peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
6. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level
7. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "level" in the given context. The context mentions "representatives of national <t>level</t> peak organisations in fifteen European countries." Here, "level" is used as a noun in the phrase "national level peak organisations." It refers to a position or tier on a scale, specifically indicating that these are organizations at the national level, as opposed to regional or local. Among the candidate senses:

Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" - could fit, but the examples are about intensity/quality; "national level" is more about a hierarchical position.

Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group" - synonyms "grade, tier". This seems good: national level as a tier. Example: "lumber of the highest grade" - not exactly, but the idea is a graded group.

Sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" - synonyms "degree, stage, point". This also fits: national level as a stage or point in a hierarchy. But the example "a remarkable degree of frankness" is more about degree, and "at what stage are the social sciences?" is about stage. "National level" is a specific position in a series (local, regional, national, international).

Sense 4: "height above ground" - irrelevant.

Sense 5: "indicator that establishes the horizontal" - irrelevant.

Sense 6: "a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line" - irrelevant.

Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth" - synonyms "layer, stratum". This could also work: "national level" as a layer. But the example "a good actor communicates on several levels" is more abstract; "level" as a layer of meaning. In our context, it's about organizational hierarchy.

Sense 8: "a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale" - irrelevant.

The best fit is sense 2 (grade, tier) or sense 3 (degree, stage, point). Both are close. However, sense 2 explicitly mentions "graded group" and "tier", which aligns well with "national level" as a tier. Sense 3 is more generic. Looking at the context: "representatives of national level peak organisations" - these are organizations at the national tier. The phrase "peak organisations" also suggests top-level, which is a graded position. I think sense 2 is more precise because it emphasizes a relative position in a graded group. Also, sense 1 is about intensity/amount, which doesn't fit as well.

Thus, I choose sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: organisation
Target surface form: organisations
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak <t>organisations</t> in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=organisation%1:14:01:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, establishment, brass, organization | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
2. sense_key=organisation%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who work together | synonyms=organization
3. sense_key=organisation%1:09:00:: | definition=an organized structure for arranging or classifying | synonyms=arrangement, organization, system | examples=he changed the arrangement of the topics; the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original
4. sense_key=organisation%1:07:00:: | definition=an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being methodical and well organized | synonyms=organization, system | examples=his compulsive organization was not an endearing quality; we can't do it unless we establish some system around here
5. sense_key=organisation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of organizing a business or an activity related to a business | synonyms=organization | examples=he was brought in to supervise the organization of a new department
6. sense_key=organisation%1:04:01:: | definition=the activity or result of distributing or disposing persons or things properly or methodically | synonyms=organization | examples=his organization of the work force was very efficient
7. sense_key=organisation%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, establishment, formation, organization | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "organisations" in the given context. The context: "senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries." These are peak organizations, likely referring to groups like trade unions, employer associations, etc. They are groups of people working together. Sense 2: "a group of people who work together" seems apt. Sense 1 is about administering something, but here it's about representatives of organizations, not the administration itself. Sense 3 is about arrangement/classification, not applicable. Sense 4 orderliness, sense 5 act of organizing, sense 6 distributing, sense 7 forming. The best is sense 2. So {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Wafer


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European <t>countries</t>. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given: "fifteen European <t>countries</t>". The context is about a study based on interviews with senior officials of social partners as representatives in fifteen European countries. This refers to nations/states, not rural areas or regions. The phrases "fifteen European countries" strongly indicates sovereign states or nations. Sense 1 is "a politically organized body of people under a single government" with synonyms state, nation. Sense 2 is "the territory occupied by a nation". Both could fit, but sense 1 emphasizes the political entity, while sense 2 emphasizes territory. In common usage, "countries" in "European countries" typically refers to the political entities. The example for sense 2 includes "he visited several European countries" which is exactly this usage. However, sense 1's examples also include "African nations" which is similar. But note sense 2's definition is "the territory occupied by a nation", which is a bit more geographical, while sense 1 is the political body. In most contexts, "countries" as nations is sense 1 or 2. The example for sense 2 explicitly uses "European countries", so that is a strong match. The example for sense 1 uses "African nations", not countries. So sense 2 seems more directly aligned with the phrase. Also, sense 3 is "the people who live in a nation" which doesn't fit because we are talking about the countries themselves, not the people. Sense 4 is rural area, sense 5 is a region with indefinite boundary. Both are wrong. Thus, the best is sense 2. However, let's double-check: "fifteen European countries" most naturally means the nations as political/geographical entities. Sense 1's definition "a politically organized body of people under a single government" is also accurate. But the example for sense 2 uses "European countries". I'll go with sense 2. The sense indices: listed as 1,2,3,4,5. So sense_index: 2.

provider: Morph


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: important
Target surface form: important
Context:
There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As <t>important</t> industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=important%3:00:00:: | definition=of great significance or value | synonyms=of import | examples=important people; the important questions of the day
2. sense_key=important%3:00:04:: | definition=important in effect or meaning | synonyms=significant | examples=a significant change in tax laws; a significant change in the Constitution
3. sense_key=important%3:00:02:: | definition=of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis | synonyms=crucial | examples=a crucial moment in his career; a crucial election
4. sense_key=important%5:00:00:influential:00 | definition=having authority or ascendancy or influence | synonyms=authoritative | examples=an important official; the captain's authoritative manner
5. sense_key=important%5:00:00:immodest:02 | definition=having or suggesting a consciousness of high position | examples=recited the decree with an important air; took long important strides in the direction of his office

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "important" in the context of a sentence: "As <t>important</t> industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included." The context discusses industrial sectors that are considered important. We need to choose the best sense among the five candidates.

Let's analyze each sense:

1. Sense 1: "of great significance or value" with synonyms "of import" and examples "important people; the important questions of the day". This is a general sense of importance.

2. Sense 2: "important in effect or meaning" with synonyms "significant" and examples "a significant change in tax laws; a significant change in the Constitution". This emphasizes effect or meaning.

3. Sense 3: "of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis" with synonyms "crucial" and examples "a crucial moment in his career; a crucial election". This implies something that is critical or decisive.

4. Sense 4: "having authority or ascendancy or influence" with synonyms "authoritative" and examples "an important official; the captain's authoritative manner". This relates to having power or influence.

5. Sense 5: "having or suggesting a consciousness of high position" with examples "recited the decree with an important air; took long important strides". This is about demeanor or self-importance.

In the context, "important industrial sectors" means sectors that are of great significance or value. It does not necessarily imply they are crucial to a crisis, nor does it relate to authority or self-importance. It is a general statement that these sectors are significant. The phrase "important industrial sectors" is commonly used to refer to sectors that are major or significant in the economy.

Comparing sense 1 and sense 2: Sense 1 is "of great significance or value", and sense 2 is "important in effect or meaning". The context does not specifically highlight effect or meaning; it is more about general significance. Also, sense 1 has synonyms "of import", which fits well. Sense 3 with "crucial" seems too strong for a simple listing of sectors. Sense 4 and 5 are not appropriate.

Thus, sense 1 seems best. But we should also consider the examples: "important people; the important questions of the day" match the usage here (important sectors). Therefore, I choose sense index 1.

The response should be a JSON object with "sense_index" and the number

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: industrial
Target surface form: industrial
Context:
There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important <t>industrial</t> sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=industrial%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or resulting from industry | examples=industrial output
2. sense_key=industrial%3:00:00:: | definition=having highly developed industries | examples=the industrial revolution; an industrial nation
3. sense_key=industrial%5:00:00:blue-collar:00 | definition=employed in industry | examples=the industrial classes; industrial work
4. sense_key=industrial%5:00:00:heavy-duty:00 | definition=suitable to stand up to hard wear | examples=industrial carpeting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "industrial" in the context: "As important <t>industrial</t> sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included." The candidate senses are:

1. of or relating to or resulting from industry (examples: industrial output)
2. having highly developed industries (examples: the industrial revolution; an industrial nation)
3. employed in industry (examples: the industrial classes; industrial work)
4. suitable to stand up to hard wear (examples: industrial carpeting)

The phrase "industrial sectors" refers to sectors of the economy that are related to industry, specifically the metal industry and banking sector. The context is about sectors that are important in the context of social partners and employment. The most fitting sense is the first one: "of or relating to or resulting from industry." It is a relational adjective. Sense 2 is about a nation or revolution being highly developed industrially, but here it's about sectors. Sense 3 is about people employed in industry, not sectors. Sense 4 is about durability. Therefore, sense 1 is the best.

Thus, the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sector
Target surface form: sectors
Context:
There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial <t>sectors</t>, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sector%1:25:00:: | definition=a plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle
2. sense_key=sector%1:14:00:: | definition=a social group that forms part of the society or the economy | examples=the public sector
3. sense_key=sector%1:09:00:: | definition=a particular aspect of life or activity | synonyms=sphere | examples=he was helpless in an important sector of his life
4. sense_key=sector%1:23:00:: | definition=the minimum track length that can be assigned to store information; unless otherwise specified a sector of data consists of 512 bytes
5. sense_key=sector%1:15:00:: | definition=a portion of a military position
6. sense_key=sector%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument consisting of two graduated arms hinged at one end

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "sectors" in the context. The context mentions "industrial sectors" and "the metal industry and the banking sector". So it's about parts of the economy or society. Sense 2 is "a social group that forms part of the society or the economy" with example "the public sector". That fits well. Sense 3 is "a particular aspect of life or activity" with synonyms "sphere" and example "he was helpless in an important sector of his life". That is more general and not specifically economic. The context clearly talks about industries and economic sectors. So sense 2 is best.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: metal
Target surface form: metal
Context:
There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the <t>metal</t> industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=metal%1:27:00:: | definition=any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc. | synonyms=metallic element
2. sense_key=metal%1:27:01:: | definition=a mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually fused together or dissolving into each other when molten | synonyms=alloy | examples=brass is an alloy of zinc and copper

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma "metal" in the context: "As important industrial sectors, the <t>metal</t> industry and the banking sector were also included." The context is about industrial sectors. The word "metal" here is used as an adjective modifying "industry". The candidates are two noun senses: one for a chemical element (sense 1) and one for an alloy (sense 2). In the phrase "metal industry", it refers to the industry that deals with metals, likely encompassing both metallic elements and alloys. However, the sense that is most directly relevant is the general concept of metals as materials. Both senses are noun senses, but "metal industry" implies the industry that processes metals. Given the context is about industrial sectors, the most appropriate sense is likely the broader one, which is sense 1: "any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc." Sense 2 is more specific to mixtures (alloys), but the metal industry deals with both pure metals and alloys. However, the gloss for sense 1 includes "any of several chemical elements" and is the more general sense. Also, the example for sense 2 specifically mentions "alloy", which is a mixture. In the context of "metal industry", it is not specifically about alloys. Therefore, sense 1 is the best choice. Thus, sense_index = 1.

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: industry
Target surface form: industry
Context:
There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal <t>industry</t> and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=industry%1:14:00:: | definition=the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise | examples=each industry has its own trade publications
2. sense_key=industry%1:04:00:: | definition=the organized action of making of goods and services for sale | synonyms=manufacture | examples=American industry is making increased use of computers to control production
3. sense_key=industry%1:07:00:: | definition=persevering determination to perform a task | synonyms=diligence, industriousness | examples=his diligence won him quick promotions; frugality and industry are still regarded as virtues

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a target lemma "industry" in context. The context mentions "metal industry" and "banking sector" as important industrial sectors. The sentence: "As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included." This clearly refers to a particular kind of commercial enterprise, i.e., the metal industry. Sense 1 is "the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise" with examples like "each industry has its own trade publications." Sense 2 is about manufacturing goods and services for sale. Sense 3 is about perseverance. The context is about sectors, so sense 1 fits best. Sense 2 could also be possible but "metal industry" is a specific sector, so sense 1 is more precise. Thus answer: {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: banking
Target surface form: banking
Context:
There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the <t>banking</t> sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=banking%1:04:01:: | definition=engaging in the business of keeping money for savings and checking accounts or for exchange or for issuing loans and credit etc.
2. sense_key=banking%1:04:00:: | definition=transacting business with a bank; depositing or withdrawing funds or requesting a loan etc.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose between sense 1 and sense 2. The context: "the metal industry and the banking sector were also included." This refers to a sector of the economy. Sense 1 is "engaging in the business of keeping money for savings and checking accounts or for exchange or for issuing loans and credit etc." That is the industry/sector sense. Sense 2 is "transacting business with a bank; depositing or withdrawing funds or requesting a loan etc." That is more about individual transactions. Here, "banking sector" clearly refers to the industry, not the act of transacting. So sense 1 is correct. Therefore sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sector
Target surface form: sector
Context:
There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking <t>sector</t> were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sector%1:25:00:: | definition=a plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle
2. sense_key=sector%1:14:00:: | definition=a social group that forms part of the society or the economy | examples=the public sector
3. sense_key=sector%1:09:00:: | definition=a particular aspect of life or activity | synonyms=sphere | examples=he was helpless in an important sector of his life
4. sense_key=sector%1:23:00:: | definition=the minimum track length that can be assigned to store information; unless otherwise specified a sector of data consists of 512 bytes
5. sense_key=sector%1:15:00:: | definition=a portion of a military position
6. sense_key=sector%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument consisting of two graduated arms hinged at one end

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a sentence: "As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included." The target word is "sector" in "banking sector". The context is about industrial sectors, and specifically mentions "important industrial sectors" and then "the metal industry and the banking sector". This clearly refers to a segment of the economy or industry. Among the candidate senses, sense 2 is: "a social group that forms part of the society or the economy" with example "the public sector". That matches the usage "banking sector" as part of the economy. Sense 3 is "a particular aspect of life or activity" but that is more general and less specific to economic divisions. The others are mathematical, computing, military, or measuring instrument. So the best sense is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: include
Target surface form: included
Context:
There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also <t>included</t>. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=include%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a part, be made up out of | examples=The list includes the names of many famous writers
2. sense_key=include%2:31:00:: | definition=consider as part of something | examples=I include you in the list of culprits
3. sense_key=include%2:30:00:: | definition=add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category | examples=We must include this chemical element in the group
4. sense_key=include%2:41:03:: | definition=allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of | synonyms=admit, let in | examples=admit someone to the profession; She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given target form "included" in the sentence: "As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included." The context is that the study involved interviews with senior officials, and it also included the metal industry and banking sector as important industrial sectors. The sense is about adding something as part of a set or group. Sense 3: "add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category" fits perfectly. Sense 2 is about considering as part of something, but here it's about actual inclusion in the study. Sense 1 is about being made up out of, but here it's about being added as a part. Sense 4 is about allowing participation, which is more about people or rights. So sense 3 is best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: speaker
Target surface form: speakers
Context:
Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key <t>speakers</t> at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=speaker%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous) | synonyms=talker, utterer, verbalizer, verbaliser | examples=the speaker at commencement; an utterer of useful maxims
2. sense_key=speaker%1:06:00:: | definition=electro-acoustic transducer that converts electrical signals into sounds loud enough to be heard at a distance | synonyms=loudspeaker, speaker unit, loudspeaker system, speaker system
3. sense_key=speaker%1:18:01:: | definition=the presiding officer of a deliberative assembly | examples=the leader of the majority party is the Speaker of the House of Representatives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: {"sense_index": 1"}

content: {"sense_index": 1"}

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "speakers" in the context. The context: "Key <t>speakers</t> at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro ..." These are people listed as speakers at a conference. They are individuals who deliver a public speech. That matches sense 1: "someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous)". Sense 2 is about a loudspeaker device, not relevant. Sense 3 is "the presiding officer of a deliberative assembly" like a Speaker of the House, but these are various officials from European Commission, Parliament, etc., not a single presiding officer. So sense 1 is best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: speaker
Target surface form: speakers
Context:
Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key <t>speakers</t> at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=speaker%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous) | synonyms=talker, utterer, verbalizer, verbaliser | examples=the speaker at commencement; an utterer of useful maxims
2. sense_key=speaker%1:06:00:: | definition=electro-acoustic transducer that converts electrical signals into sounds loud enough to be heard at a distance | synonyms=loudspeaker, speaker unit, loudspeaker system, speaker system
3. sense_key=speaker%1:18:01:: | definition=the presiding officer of a deliberative assembly | examples=the leader of the majority party is the Speaker of the House of Representatives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 1"}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 3. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content: We need to select the best sense for "speakers" in context. The context describes a European conference on social exclusion, listing individuals as "Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were ...". This clearly refers to people giving speeches or talks at a conference. Sense 1: "someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous)" fits perfectly. Sense 2 is a loudspeaker, not applicable. Sense 3 is the presiding officer of a deliberative assembly (like a Speaker of Parliament), but the context lists multiple people including a European Commissioner, a member of Committee of the Regions, an MEP, etc. They are not presiding officers; they are speakers at the conference. So answer is 1.

provider: Io Net


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: social
Target surface form: social
Context:
Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the <t>social</t> exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=social%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to human society and its members | synonyms=societal | examples=social institutions; societal evolution
2. sense_key=social%3:00:00:: | definition=living together or enjoying life in communities or organized groups | examples=a human being is a social animal; mature social behavior
3. sense_key=social%3:01:02:: | definition=relating to or belonging to or characteristic of high society | examples=made fun of her being so social and high-toned; a social gossip colum
4. sense_key=social%5:00:00:sociable:00 | definition=composed of sociable people or formed for the purpose of sociability | examples=a purely social club; the church has a large social hall
5. sense_key=social%5:00:00:gregarious:00 | definition=tending to move or live together in groups or colonies of the same kind | examples=ants are social insects
6. sense_key=social%5:00:00:friendly:01 | definition=marked by friendly companionship with others | examples=a social cup of coffee

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a sentence: "Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were ..." The target word is "social" in the phrase "social exclusion". This refers to exclusion from society, relating to human society. The phrase "social exclusion" is a common term in sociology and public policy, meaning the process in which individuals or groups are blocked from rights, opportunities, and resources normally available to members of society. This aligns with sense 1: "relating to human society and its members". The conference is about "social exclusion", not about high society or sociability. So sense 1 is most appropriate.

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: exclusion
Target surface form: exclusion
Context:
Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social <t>exclusion</t> conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=exclusion%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being excluded
2. sense_key=exclusion%1:26:01:: | definition=the state of being excommunicated | synonyms=excommunication, censure
3. sense_key=exclusion%1:09:00:: | definition=a deliberate act of omission | synonyms=exception, elision | examples=with the exception of the children, everyone was told the news
4. sense_key=exclusion%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of forcing out someone or something | synonyms=ejection, expulsion, riddance | examples=the ejection of troublemakers by the police; the child's expulsion from school

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma "exclusion" in the context of a conference on "social exclusion". The context discusses a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The term "social exclusion" is a common phrase referring to the state of being excluded from society or from various social, economic, and political opportunities. This aligns with sense 1: "the state of being excluded". Sense 2 is about excommunication, which is a specific religious context. Sense 3 is about omission, like "with the exception of", which does not fit. Sense 4 is about forcing out someone or something, like ejection or expulsion. While social exclusion can involve marginalization, the phrase "social exclusion" typically refers to the state of being excluded, not the act of forcing out. The conference is about the challenge of social exclusion, which is the condition. Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit. The JSON should have sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: conference
Target surface form: conference
Context:
Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion <t>conference</t> were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=conference%1:14:00:: | definition=a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)
2. sense_key=conference%1:14:01:: | definition=an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members | synonyms=league
3. sense_key=conference%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic | synonyms=group discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "conference" in the given context. The context: "a European conference on social exclusion" and "Key speakers at the social exclusion conference". This is a formal meeting for discussion, with a formal agenda (European conference organized by multiple entities). Sense 1: "a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)" fits perfectly. Sense 2 is about sports teams, not applicable. Sense 3 is "a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic" but that is more like a group discussion, not necessarily a formal prearranged meeting. The context mentions "conference" as an event with speakers, organized by institutions. So sense 1 is best. The sense index for sense 1 is 1 (since list starts at 1). Output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: left
Target surface form: left
Context:
Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (<t>left</t> to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=left%1:15:00:: | definition=location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east | examples=she stood on the left
2. sense_key=left%1:14:00:: | definition=those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare | synonyms=left wing
3. sense_key=left%1:08:00:: | definition=the hand that is on the left side of the body | synonyms=left hand | examples=jab with your left
4. sense_key=left%1:06:00:: | definition=the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's left | synonyms=left field | examples=the batter flied out to left
5. sense_key=left%1:04:00:: | definition=a turn toward the side of the body that is on the north when the person is facing east | examples=take a left at the corner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content: {"sense_index": 1"}

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "left" in the given context. The context: "Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (<t>left</t> to right) Cristina Louro ..." This is a typical usage where "left" is used as a directional term, indicating position from left to right. So it's referring to the side or direction. The first sense: "location near or direction toward the left side" is appropriate. The example "she stood on the left" matches. The second sense is about political left, but the context is just listing speakers from left to right, not political. The third is "left hand" but that's not used here. Fourth is baseball field. Fifth is a turn. So the best is sense 1. But the instruction says to return JSON with sense_index. Sense 1 corresponds to index 1? The senses are numbered 1-5. So answer should be {"sense_index": 1}. However, note that the sense_key for sense 1 is left%1:15:00::. That's fine. So output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: left
Target surface form: left
Context:
Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (<t>left</t> to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=left%1:15:00:: | definition=location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east | examples=she stood on the left
2. sense_key=left%1:14:00:: | definition=those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare | synonyms=left wing
3. sense_key=left%1:08:00:: | definition=the hand that is on the left side of the body | synonyms=left hand | examples=jab with your left
4. sense_key=left%1:06:00:: | definition=the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's left | synonyms=left field | examples=the batter flied out to left
5. sense_key=left%1:04:00:: | definition=a turn toward the side of the body that is on the north when the person is facing east | examples=take a left at the corner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 1"}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 5. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "left" in the context. The sentence: "Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (<t>left</t> to right) Cristina Louro, ...". This clearly indicates a directional left, as in left to right ordering. The sense is "location near or direction toward the left side" which is sense 1. So answer is {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: right
Context:
Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to <t>right</t>) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%1:07:00:: | definition=an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature; ; - Eleanor Roosevelt | examples=they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights; Certain rights can never be granted to the government but must be kept in the hands of the people
2. sense_key=right%1:15:00:: | definition=location near or direction toward the right side; i.e. the side to the south when a person or object faces east | examples=he stood on the right
3. sense_key=right%1:06:00:: | definition=the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's right | synonyms=right field
4. sense_key=right%1:14:00:: | definition=those who support political or social or economic conservatism; those who believe that things are better left unchanged | synonyms=right wing
5. sense_key=right%1:08:00:: | definition=the hand that is on the right side of the body | synonyms=right hand | examples=he writes with his right hand but pitches with his left; hit him with quick rights to the body
6. sense_key=right%1:04:00:: | definition=a turn toward the side of the body that is on the south when the person is facing east | examples=take a right at the corner
7. sense_key=right%1:07:01:: | definition=anything in accord with principles of justice | synonyms=rightfulness | examples=he feels he is in the right; the rightfulness of his claim
8. sense_key=right%1:21:00:: | definition=(frequently plural) the interest possessed by law or custom in some intangible thing | examples=mineral rights; film rights

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to determine the sense of "right" in the context. The sentence: "Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, ..." This is clearly describing the order of speakers from left to right, indicating a direction or side. The phrase "left to right" is a common phrase meaning from the left side to the right side. So the sense here is about direction or side. Among the candidate senses, sense 2 is "location near or direction toward the right side; i.e. the side to the south when a person or object faces east". That fits. Sense 6 is "a turn toward the side of the body that is on the south when the person is facing east" but that is for a turn, not a direction. The context is about positioning, not a turn. So sense 2 is best. Also note the example "he stood on the right" matches the usage. Therefore, answer is sense_index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: employment
Target surface form: Employment
Context:
Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, <t>Employment</t>, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=employment%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being employed or having a job | synonyms=employ | examples=they are looking for employment; he was in the employ of the city
2. sense_key=employment%1:04:00:: | definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=work | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
3. sense_key=employment%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of giving someone a job | synonyms=engagement
4. sense_key=employment%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of using | synonyms=use, usage, utilization, utilisation, exercise | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs; skilled in the utilization of computers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "Employment" in the context. The context is a title/role: "Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission". Here "Employment" likely refers to a department or directorate name, but it's ambiguous. The candidate senses are: 1) state of being employed, 2) occupation for which you are paid, 3) act of giving someone a job, 4) act of using. Given that it's a directorate name, it probably refers to the domain of employment as a policy area. The most fitting sense might be sense 1 (the state of being employed) or sense 2 (occupation). However, in bureaucratic contexts, "Employment" as a directorate typically deals with the state of employment and labor market. Sense 1 has "the state of being employed or having a job" which aligns with policy context. Sense 2 is "the occupation for which you are paid" which is more individual. Sense 3 is "the act of giving someone a job" which is also possible as a function. But the phrase "Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs" suggests a broad policy area. The best fit is sense 1 because it encompasses the concept of employment as a condition. Also note that the example for sense 1 includes "they are looking for employment" which is about job seeking, but the context is about a directorate. However, sense 2 also has "he is looking for employment". Sense 3 is less likely because it's about hiring. Given that the target is capitalized and part of a title, it's likely referring to the policy area of employment. I'll go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: industrial
Target surface form: Industrial
Context:
Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, <t>Industrial</t> Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=industrial%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or resulting from industry | examples=industrial output
2. sense_key=industrial%3:00:00:: | definition=having highly developed industries | examples=the industrial revolution; an industrial nation
3. sense_key=industrial%5:00:00:blue-collar:00 | definition=employed in industry | examples=the industrial classes; industrial work
4. sense_key=industrial%5:00:00:heavy-duty:00 | definition=suitable to stand up to hard wear | examples=industrial carpeting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "Industrial" in the context. The target surface form is "Industrial" with capital I, but it's part of a phrase "Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate". The context: "Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission". Here "Industrial Relations" is a field/domain. The word "industrial" is used as an adjective modifying "Relations". It refers to industry-related relations, i.e., relations pertaining to industry. That aligns with sense 1: "of or relating to or resulting from industry". Sense 2 is about having highly developed industries (e.g., an industrial nation). Sense 3 is about being employed in industry (the industrial classes). Sense 4 is about durability (industrial carpeting). The context is about a directorate dealing with employment, industrial relations, and social affairs. So "industrial" here relates to industry. Thus sense 1 is best. Return {"sense_index": 1