[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: planet
Target surface form: planet
Context:
Arsenic and phosphorus are chemically similar, so she speculated that a microbe exposed to both might be able to substitute one for the other. "Arsenic is toxic mainly because its chemical behavior is so similar to that of phosphorus." "As a result, organisms have a hard time telling these elements apart." "But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another <t>planet</t> or moon where arsenic is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that arsenic could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=planet%1:17:00:: | definition=(astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light; Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto in order of their proximity to the sun; viewed from the constellation Hercules, all the planets rotate around the sun in a counterclockwise direction | synonyms=major planet
2. sense_key=planet%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who follows or serves another | synonyms=satellite
3. sense_key=planet%1:17:01:: | definition=any celestial body (other than comets or satellites) that revolves around a star

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a target lemma "planet" in a context discussing the possibility of life on other planets or moons. The context mentions "on another <t>planet</t> or moon". This clearly refers to celestial bodies beyond Earth. The candidate senses are: 1) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system (specific to our solar system), 2) a person who follows or serves another, 3) any celestial body (other than comets or satellites) that revolves around a star. The context says "on another planet or moon", which implies a general celestial body orbiting a star. It does not restrict to our solar system's nine planets; it is about exoplanets or planets in general. Therefore sense 3 is the best fit. Sense 1 is too specific (our solar system), and sense 2 is irrelevant. So answer is {"sense_index": 3}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: moon
Target surface form: moon
Context:
Arsenic and phosphorus are chemically similar, so she speculated that a microbe exposed to both might be able to substitute one for the other. "Arsenic is toxic mainly because its chemical behavior is so similar to that of phosphorus." "As a result, organisms have a hard time telling these elements apart." "But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or <t>moon</t> where arsenic is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that arsenic could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=moon%1:17:01:: | definition=the natural satellite of the Earth | examples=the average distance to the Moon is 384,400 kilometers; men first stepped on the moon in 1969
2. sense_key=moon%1:17:02:: | definition=any object resembling a moon | examples=he made a moon lamp that he used as a night light; the clock had a moon that showed various phases
3. sense_key=moon%1:28:00:: | definition=the period between successive new moons (29.531 days) | synonyms=lunar month, lunation, synodic month
4. sense_key=moon%1:19:00:: | definition=the light of the Moon | synonyms=moonlight, moonshine | examples=moonlight is the smuggler's enemy; the Moon was bright enough to read by
5. sense_key=moon%1:18:00:: | definition=United States religious leader (born in Korea) who founded the Unification Church in 1954; was found guilty of conspiracy to evade taxes (born in 1920) | synonyms=Sun Myung Moon
6. sense_key=moon%1:17:00:: | definition=any natural satellite of a planet | examples=Jupiter has sixteen moons

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "moon" in the context: "...on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common." The context is about a microbe that could live on another planet or moon. Here, "moon" refers to a natural satellite of a planet, like a moon of another planet. That matches sense 6: "any natural satellite of a planet". Sense 1 is specifically Earth's moon, but the context mentions "another planet or moon", so it's a generic moon. Sense 2 is any object resembling a moon (like a lamp), not relevant. Sense 3 is a lunar month, sense 4 is moonlight, sense 5 is a person. So the best is sense 6.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Morph

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: arsenic
Target surface form: arsenic
Context:
Arsenic and phosphorus are chemically similar, so she speculated that a microbe exposed to both might be able to substitute one for the other. "Arsenic is toxic mainly because its chemical behavior is so similar to that of phosphorus." "As a result, organisms have a hard time telling these elements apart." "But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where <t>arsenic</t> is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that arsenic could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=arsenic%1:27:01:: | definition=a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer | synonyms=arsenic trioxide, arsenous anhydride, arsenous oxide, white arsenic, ratsbane
2. sense_key=arsenic%1:27:00:: | definition=a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar | synonyms=As, atomic number 33

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to determine which sense of "arsenic" is used in the context. The context discusses arsenic as a chemical element similar to phosphorus, used by microbes as a substitute. It mentions toxicity, chemical behavior, and being an element. The first sense is about a specific compound (trioxide) used as poison/weed killer. The second sense is about the metallic element itself. The context repeatedly refers to arsenic as an element ("Arsenic and phosphorus are chemically similar", "arsenic is toxic mainly because", "a microbe exposed to both", etc.). It does not specifically refer to the trioxide compound. Thus, the best sense is the element sense. The indices given: 1 for trioxide, 2 for element. So answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: idea
Target surface form: idea
Context:
"Arsenic is toxic mainly because its chemical behavior is so similar to that of phosphorus." "As a result, organisms have a hard time telling these elements apart." "But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the <t>idea</t> that arsenic could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work. Arsenic was more common in the early times on Earth, she said, so researchers have speculated that early life forms might have used it.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=idea%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about | synonyms=thought | examples=it was not a good idea; the thought never entered my mind
2. sense_key=idea%1:09:01:: | definition=your intention; what you intend to do | synonyms=mind | examples=he had in mind to see his old teacher; the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces
3. sense_key=idea%1:09:03:: | definition=a personal view | examples=he has an idea that we don't like him
4. sense_key=idea%1:09:02:: | definition=an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth | synonyms=estimate, estimation, approximation | examples=an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take
5. sense_key=idea%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) melodic subject of a musical composition | synonyms=theme, melodic theme, musical theme | examples=the theme is announced in the first measures; the accompanist picked up the idea and elaborated it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to determine the correct sense of "idea" in the context: "Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the <t>idea</t> that arsenic could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work."

The context is about a scientific hypothesis or concept. The word "idea" refers to the notion or concept that arsenic could substitute for phosphorus. This is a cognitive content, a thought. It is not a personal view (sense 3) because it's a general scientific concept, not a personal belief. It is not an intention (sense 2) because there is no intention expressed. It is not an estimate (sense 4). It is not a musical theme (sense 5). So the best sense is sense 1: "the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about." The example "it was not a good idea" fits the context of an idea being new or not new. Therefore, sense index 1.

Return JSON.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: arsenic
Target surface form: arsenic
Context:
"Arsenic is toxic mainly because its chemical behavior is so similar to that of phosphorus." "As a result, organisms have a hard time telling these elements apart." "But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that <t>arsenic</t> could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work. Arsenic was more common in the early times on Earth, she said, so researchers have speculated that early life forms might have used it.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=arsenic%1:27:01:: | definition=a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer | synonyms=arsenic trioxide, arsenous anhydride, arsenous oxide, white arsenic, ratsbane
2. sense_key=arsenic%1:27:00:: | definition=a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar | synonyms=As, atomic number 33

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: {"sense_index": 2"}

content: {"sense_index": 2"}

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "arsenic" in context. The context discusses arsenic as a chemical element that is toxic, similar to phosphorus, and can be substituted for phosphorus in life forms. It is also mentioned as a poison and used in manufacturing. However, the main focus is on the element itself, not just its compound form. The two senses are:
1. a specific compound (arsenic trioxide) - a white powder, used in glass and as poison.
2. the metallic element itself (atomic number 33) - with allotropic forms, used in herbicides, etc.

In the context, it talks about "arsenic" as an element: "its chemical behavior is so similar to that of phosphorus", "it doesn't work as well as phosphorus", "substituted for phosphorus". This is clearly about the element, not just a specific compound. Also, it mentions "arsenic and arsenic compounds" in the sense definition. The context has "arsenic" as a chemical element. So sense 2 (element) is more appropriate.

Thus, the best sense is sense 2 (index 2 for the second sense). Note: The JSON expects "sense_index" which is the number. The first sense is 1, second is 2. So answer: {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Wafer


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: arsenic
Target surface form: arsenic
Context:
"Arsenic is toxic mainly because its chemical behavior is so similar to that of phosphorus." "As a result, organisms have a hard time telling these elements apart." "But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that <t>arsenic</t> could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work. Arsenic was more common in the early times on Earth, she said, so researchers have speculated that early life forms might have used it.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=arsenic%1:27:01:: | definition=a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer | synonyms=arsenic trioxide, arsenous anhydride, arsenous oxide, white arsenic, ratsbane
2. sense_key=arsenic%1:27:00:: | definition=a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar | synonyms=As, atomic number 33

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 2"}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 2. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content: {"sense_index": 2"}

reasoning_content: We need to choose between sense 1 (arsenic trioxide, a specific compound) and sense 2 (the element arsenic). The context discusses arsenic as a chemical element that can substitute for phosphorus, its toxicity due to chemical behavior similar to phosphorus, and its use by bacteria. This clearly refers to the element itself, not the trioxide compound. So sense 2 is correct.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: phosphorus
Target surface form: phosphorus
Context:
"Arsenic is toxic mainly because its chemical behavior is so similar to that of phosphorus." "As a result, organisms have a hard time telling these elements apart." "But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that arsenic could be substituted for <t>phosphorus</t> isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work. Arsenic was more common in the early times on Earth, she said, so researchers have speculated that early life forms might have used it.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=phosphorus%1:27:00:: | definition=a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms | synonyms=P, atomic number 15
2. sense_key=phosphorus%1:17:00:: | definition=a planet (usually Venus) seen just before sunrise in the eastern sky | synonyms=morning star, daystar, Lucifer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a target lemma "phosphorus" with context discussing its chemical properties, comparison with arsenic, and its role in biochemistry. The first sense is the chemical element (a nonmetallic element), while the second sense is a planet (Venus). Clearly, the context is about chemistry and biology, so the correct sense is sense 1. The output should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: example
Target surface form: example
Context:
"Arsenic is toxic mainly because its chemical behavior is so similar to that of phosphorus." "As a result, organisms have a hard time telling these elements apart." "But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that arsenic could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been <t>example</t> where it was shown to work. Arsenic was more common in the early times on Earth, she said, so researchers have speculated that early life forms might have used it.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=example%1:09:00:: | definition=an item of information that is typical of a class or group | synonyms=illustration, instance, representative | examples=this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome; there is an example on page 10
2. sense_key=example%1:09:02:: | definition=a representative form or pattern | synonyms=model | examples=I profited from his example
3. sense_key=example%1:09:01:: | definition=something to be imitated | synonyms=exemplar, model, good example | examples=an exemplar of success; a model of clarity
4. sense_key=example%1:10:00:: | definition=punishment intended as a warning to others | synonyms=deterrent example, lesson, object lesson | examples=they decided to make an example of him
5. sense_key=example%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=case, instance | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
6. sense_key=example%1:04:00:: | definition=a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding | synonyms=exercise | examples=you must work the examples at the end of each chapter in the textbook

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "example" in the context: "there has never been <t>example</t> where it was shown to work." The context is about a scientific demonstration: showing that arsenic can substitute for phosphorus. The phrase "there has never been example where it was shown to work" means there has never been an instance or occurrence where it was shown to work. This aligns with sense 5: "an occurrence of something" (case, instance). The synonyms "case, instance" fit. Sense 1 is "an item of information that is typical of a class or group" which is similar but more about a typical representative. Here it's about a specific occurrence. Sense 5 is more appropriate. So answer: {"sense_index": 5}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: arsenic
Target surface form: Arsenic
Context:
"As a result, organisms have a hard time telling these elements apart." "But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that arsenic could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work. <t>Arsenic</t> was more common in the early times on Earth, she said, so researchers have speculated that early life forms might have used it. "It does suggest that that there could be other ways to form life, not just how life formed on early Earth," said Foster, who was not part of Wolfe-Simon's research team.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=arsenic%1:27:01:: | definition=a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer | synonyms=arsenic trioxide, arsenous anhydride, arsenous oxide, white arsenic, ratsbane
2. sense_key=arsenic%1:27:00:: | definition=a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar | synonyms=As, atomic number 33

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose between sense 1 (trioxide) and sense 2 (element). The context discusses arsenic as a chemical element that can substitute for phosphorus in biological molecules. It mentions "arsenic" in the context of bacteria adapting to it, and the possibility of life using arsenic instead of phosphorus. This clearly refers to the element itself, not specifically the trioxide compound. The trioxide is a specific compound, but the general discussion is about arsenic as an element. Also, the synonyms for sense 2 include "As, atomic number 33", which matches the elemental nature. Therefore, sense 2 is correct. Return {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: times
Target surface form: times
Context:
"As a result, organisms have a hard time telling these elements apart." "But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that arsenic could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work. Arsenic was more common in the early <t>times</t> on Earth, she said, so researchers have speculated that early life forms might have used it. "It does suggest that that there could be other ways to form life, not just how life formed on early Earth," said Foster, who was not part of Wolfe-Simon's research team.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=times%1:28:01:: | definition=a more or less definite period of time now or previously present | examples=it was a sign of the times
2. sense_key=times%1:04:00:: | definition=an arithmetic operation that is the inverse of division; the product of two numbers is computed | synonyms=multiplication | examples=the multiplication of four by three gives twelve; four times three equals twelve
3. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=time, clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
4. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | synonyms=time | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
5. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | synonyms=time | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
6. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | synonyms=time | examples=it is time to go
7. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past | synonyms=time
8. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | synonyms=time | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
9. sense_key=clock_time%1:28:00:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time, time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
10. sense_key=fourth_dimension%1:28:00:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension, time
11. sense_key=meter%1:07:00:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre, time
12. sense_key=prison_term%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence, time | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to find the best sense for "times" in the context: "Arsenic was more common in the early times on Earth". The word "times" here refers to a period of time in the past, specifically "early times". This matches sense 1: "a more or less definite period of time now or previously present" with example "it was a sign of the times". Sense 1 is specifically about a period of time, and "early times" fits. Other senses like multiplication (2) or instances (3) don't fit. The context is about a historical period. So sense index 1 is correct.

provider: Io Net


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: earth
Target surface form: Earth
Context:
"As a result, organisms have a hard time telling these elements apart." "But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that arsenic could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work. Arsenic was more common in the early times on <t>Earth</t>, she said, so researchers have speculated that early life forms might have used it. "It does suggest that that there could be other ways to form life, not just how life formed on early Earth," said Foster, who was not part of Wolfe-Simon's research team.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=earth%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=world, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world
2. sense_key=earth%1:27:00:: | definition=the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface | synonyms=ground | examples=they dug into the earth outside the church
3. sense_key=earth%1:17:01:: | definition=the solid part of the earth's surface | synonyms=land, dry land, ground, solid ground, terra firma | examples=the plane turned away from the sea and moved back over land; the earth shook for several minutes
4. sense_key=earth%1:15:00:: | definition=the abode of mortals (as contrasted with Heaven or Hell) | examples=it was hell on earth
5. sense_key=earth%1:27:01:: | definition=once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)
6. sense_key=earth%1:09:00:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, world | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
7. sense_key=earth%1:06:00:: | definition=a connection between an electrical device and a large conducting body, such as the earth (which is taken to be at zero voltage) | synonyms=ground

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to determine the correct sense of "Earth" in the context. The target surface form is "Earth" capitalized. The context discusses arsenic, early times on Earth, early Earth, and the planet. The sentence: "Arsenic was more common in the early times on Earth, she said, so researchers have speculated that early life forms might have used it." Also "on early Earth". This clearly refers to the planet, not soil or ground. So sense 1: "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on" is correct. The other senses refer to soil, ground, abode of mortals, etc. Sense 1 has synonyms world, globe. So answer is {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: way
Target surface form: ways
Context:
"But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that arsenic could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work. Arsenic was more common in the early times on Earth, she said, so researchers have speculated that early life forms might have used it. "It does suggest that that there could be other <t>ways</t> to form life, not just how life formed on early Earth," said Foster, who was not part of Wolfe-Simon's research team. The research was supported by NASA, the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=way%1:07:01:: | definition=how something is done or how it happens | synonyms=manner, mode, style, fashion | examples=her dignified manner; his rapid manner of talking
2. sense_key=way%1:04:01:: | definition=how a result is obtained or an end is achieved | synonyms=means, agency | examples=a means of control; an example is the best agency of instruction
3. sense_key=way%1:15:00:: | definition=a line leading to a place or point | synonyms=direction | examples=he looked the other direction; didn't know the way home
4. sense_key=way%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of things generally | examples=that's the way it is; I felt the same way
5. sense_key=way%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=path, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
6. sense_key=way%1:06:00:: | definition=any artifact consisting of a road or path affording passage from one place to another | examples=he said he was looking for the way out
7. sense_key=way%1:04:02:: | definition=a journey or passage | examples=they are on the way
8. sense_key=way%1:23:00:: | definition=space for movement | synonyms=room, elbow room | examples=room to pass; make way for
9. sense_key=way%1:07:02:: | definition=the property of distance in general | examples=it's a long way to Moscow; he went a long ways
10. sense_key=way%1:09:00:: | definition=doing as one pleases or chooses | examples=if I had my way
11. sense_key=way%1:09:01:: | definition=a general category of things; used in the expression `in the way of' | examples=they didn't have much in the way of clothing
12. sense_key=way%1:21:00:: | definition=a portion of something divided into shares | examples=they split the loot three ways

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target word "ways" in the context: "It does suggest that that there could be other <t>ways</t> to form life, not just how life formed on early Earth". The context is about different methods or manners of forming life. The candidate senses include several options. Sense 1: "how something is done or how it happens" (manner, mode, style, fashion). Sense 2: "how a result is obtained or an end is achieved" (means, agency). Sense 5: "a course of conduct" (path, way of life). The phrase "other ways to form life" clearly refers to different methods or means of forming life. Sense 1 and sense 2 are both plausible. Sense 1 emphasizes the manner or style, while sense 2 emphasizes the means or agency. In this context, "ways" is used as in "methods" or "means" to achieve the formation of life. The example for sense 2 includes "a means of control", which aligns with "a means to form life". Sense 1 examples include "her dignified manner" which is more about style. The context is about a scientific possibility of alternative biochemical pathways, so "means" or "method" is more appropriate. Also, sense 5 is about a course of conduct, which is more about behavior, not about forming life. Therefore, sense 2 seems best. However, note that sense 2 is "how a result is obtained or an end is achieved" with synonyms "means, agency". That fits well. So I'll choose sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: life
Target surface form: life
Context:
"But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that arsenic could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work. Arsenic was more common in the early times on Earth, she said, so researchers have speculated that early life forms might have used it. "It does suggest that that there could be other ways to form <t>life</t>, not just how life formed on early Earth," said Foster, who was not part of Wolfe-Simon's research team. The research was supported by NASA, the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=life%1:26:01:: | definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. sense_key=life%1:09:00:: | definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. sense_key=life%1:26:02:: | definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. sense_key=life%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. sense_key=life%1:28:00:: | definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. sense_key=life%1:28:01:: | definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. sense_key=life%1:28:02:: | definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. sense_key=life%1:18:00:: | definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. sense_key=life%1:07:01:: | definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. sense_key=life%1:03:00:: | definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. sense_key=life%1:10:00:: | definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. sense_key=life%1:16:00:: | definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. sense_key=life%1:28:03:: | definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a context about a microbe that can use arsenic instead of phosphorus, and the discussion about the possibility of life forms using arsenic. The target word "life" appears in the phrase "other ways to form <t>life</t>". The context is about the formation of life, meaning living organisms. The sense that best fits is "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones" or "living things collectively". Looking at the candidate senses:

- Sense 4: "the condition of living or the state of being alive" with examples including "life depends on many chemical and physical processes" seems relevant.
- Sense 10: "living things collectively" (e.g., "the oceans are teeming with life") also fits.
- Sense 11: "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones" (e.g., "there is no life on the moon") is also a good match.

The phrase "form life" likely means create living organisms. Sense 4 is about the condition/state, sense 10 about collective living things, sense 11 about the phenomenon. I think sense 11 captures the idea of life as a phenomenon that distinguishes living from nonliving. However, the context says "other ways to form life", which implies creating living organisms, not just the state. Sense 4 might also work. But let's see the examples: for sense 4, "life depends on many chemical and physical processes" is directly relevant to the article about biochemical machinery. Sense 11 example "there is no life on the moon" is about presence of living things. The article is about the possibility of life forms using arsenic, so it's about the existence of living organisms. I think sense 4 is more about the condition, while sense 11 is about the phenomenon. Actually, sense 4 is defined as "the condition of living or the state of being alive", which is exactly what we are talking about: the state of being alive. The phrase "form life" means to create living organisms, which is about bringing about that condition. I believe sense 4 is the best fit. However, also note sense 10: "living things collectively" but the phrase "form life" does not mean to form the collective, but to form individual living entities. Sense 11 is "the organic phenomenon" which is a bit abstract. I think sense 4 is the most appropriate.

Let's check the synonyms for sense 4: animation, living, aliveness. It matches. Also the example "life depends on many chemical and physical processes" directly parallels the article's discussion of biochemical machinery. So I'll choose sense 4.

Thus answer: {"sense_index": 4}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: life
Target surface form: life
Context:
"But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that arsenic could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work. Arsenic was more common in the early times on Earth, she said, so researchers have speculated that early life forms might have used it. "It does suggest that that there could be other ways to form life, not just how <t>life</t> formed on early Earth," said Foster, who was not part of Wolfe-Simon's research team. The research was supported by NASA, the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=life%1:26:01:: | definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. sense_key=life%1:09:00:: | definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. sense_key=life%1:26:02:: | definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. sense_key=life%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. sense_key=life%1:28:00:: | definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. sense_key=life%1:28:01:: | definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. sense_key=life%1:28:02:: | definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. sense_key=life%1:18:00:: | definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. sense_key=life%1:07:01:: | definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. sense_key=life%1:03:00:: | definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. sense_key=life%1:10:00:: | definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. sense_key=life%1:16:00:: | definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. sense_key=life%1:28:03:: | definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "life" in a context about the possibility of life forms using arsenic. The specific sentence: "not just how <t>life</t> formed on early Earth". Here, "life" refers to the phenomenon of living organisms, the condition of being alive, or the collective of living things. Looking at candidate senses:

Sense 4: "the condition of living or the state of being alive" with synonyms animation, living, aliveness. Example: "life depends on many chemical and physical processes". This seems most fitting because the context is about how life formed, meaning the origin of living organisms.

Sense 10: "living things collectively" with example "the oceans are teeming with life". Also possible, but the focus is on the formation of life, which is more about the condition or phenomenon.

Sense 11: "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones" with example "there is no life on the moon". This is also about the phenomenon itself.

Given that the sentence says "how life formed on early Earth", it is referring to the origin of the phenomenon of life. Sense 4 seems the best because it directly defines "the condition of living or the state of being alive" and includes the example "life depends on many chemical and physical processes" which aligns with the scientific discussion.

Sense 11 is also about the organic phenomenon, but sense 4 appears more general and fits well. However, sense 4's definition includes "condition of living" which is essentially what is being discussed. Let's check the other senses: 1,2,3 are about mode of living or personal experiences, not relevant. 5,6,7 are about periods, not relevant. 8 is a living person, no. 9 is animation/energy, no. 12 is biography, no. 13 is motive, no. 14 is prison term, no.

Thus, the best is sense 4. But note the indices: the list starts with sense_index 1 for "life%1:26:01::" etc. So sense 4 corresponds to "life%1:26:00::". So the answer should have "sense_index": 4.

However, let's double-check: The context also says "a life form using arsenic" and "early life forms". That suggests "life" as a collective or as a phenomenon. But the specific target is in "not just how <t>life</t> formed on early Earth". This is similar to "the origin of life" which is typically sense 4 or 11. Sense 4's example "life depends on many chemical and physical processes" matches the scientific context. Sense 11 is also plausible but sense 4 is more about the state/condition.

Given WordNet, sense 4 has example "while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes" which directly matches. So I choose sense 4.

Thus output: {"sense_index": 4}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: earth
Target surface form: Earth
Context:
"But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that arsenic could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work. Arsenic was more common in the early times on Earth, she said, so researchers have speculated that early life forms might have used it. "It does suggest that that there could be other ways to form life, not just how life formed on early <t>Earth</t>," said Foster, who was not part of Wolfe-Simon's research team. The research was supported by NASA, the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=earth%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=world, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world
2. sense_key=earth%1:27:00:: | definition=the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface | synonyms=ground | examples=they dug into the earth outside the church
3. sense_key=earth%1:17:01:: | definition=the solid part of the earth's surface | synonyms=land, dry land, ground, solid ground, terra firma | examples=the plane turned away from the sea and moved back over land; the earth shook for several minutes
4. sense_key=earth%1:15:00:: | definition=the abode of mortals (as contrasted with Heaven or Hell) | examples=it was hell on earth
5. sense_key=earth%1:27:01:: | definition=once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)
6. sense_key=earth%1:09:00:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, world | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
7. sense_key=earth%1:06:00:: | definition=a connection between an electrical device and a large conducting body, such as the earth (which is taken to be at zero voltage) | synonyms=ground

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma "earth" with surface form "Earth" in the context. The context is about the possibility of life using arsenic on Earth or other planets. The specific sentence: "It does suggest that that there could be other ways to form life, not just how life formed on early <t>Earth</t>," said Foster. Here "Earth" refers to the planet, not the soil or ground. So the best sense is sense 1: "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on". The synonyms include "world", "globe". The example "the Earth moves around the sun" matches. So sense_index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: part
Target surface form: part
Context:
"But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that arsenic could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work. Arsenic was more common in the early times on Earth, she said, so researchers have speculated that early life forms might have used it. "It does suggest that that there could be other ways to form life, not just how life formed on early Earth," said Foster, who was not <t>part</t> of Wolfe-Simon's research team. The research was supported by NASA, the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=part%1:24:00:: | definition=something determined in relation to something that includes it | synonyms=portion, component part, component, constituent | examples=he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript
2. sense_key=part%1:06:00:: | definition=something less than the whole of a human artifact | synonyms=portion | examples=the rear part of the house; glue the two parts together
3. sense_key=part%1:17:00:: | definition=a portion of a natural object | synonyms=piece | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite
4. sense_key=part%1:09:02:: | definition=that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation | examples=it requires vigilance on our part; they resisted every effort on his part
5. sense_key=part%1:15:00:: | definition=the extended spatial location of something | synonyms=region | examples=the farming regions of France; religions in all parts of the world
6. sense_key=part%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
7. sense_key=part%1:09:01:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, role, theatrical role, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
8. sense_key=part%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=share, portion, percentage | examples=he wanted his share in cash
9. sense_key=part%1:09:00:: | definition=one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole | synonyms=section, division | examples=the written part of the exam; the finance section of the company
10. sense_key=part%1:08:01:: | definition=a line of scalp that can be seen when sections of hair are combed in opposite directions | synonyms=parting | examples=his part was right in the middle
11. sense_key=part%1:10:00:: | definition=the melody carried by a particular voice or instrument in polyphonic music | synonyms=voice | examples=he tried to sing the tenor part
12. sense_key=part%1:04:03:: | definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=contribution, share | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: We are given target lemma "part" and context: "who was not <t>part</t> of Wolfe-Simon's research team." The word "part" here is used in the sense of being a member or component of a group. The phrase "not part of Wolfe-Simon's research team" means she was not a member or component of that team. This aligns with sense 1: "something determined in relation to something that includes it" with synonyms "portion, component part, component, constituent." Also sense 9: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole" with synonyms "section, division." But the context is about being a member of a team, which is more like a component or constituent. Sense 1 has an example "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself" which fits. Sense 9 has "the finance section of the company" which is more about a section. Here it's about being a part of a team, so sense 1 seems most appropriate. Also sense 6: "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group" with synonyms "function, office, role" but that's more about a role, not just membership. Here it's simply being a member, not a specific role. So sense 1 is best. However, note that sense 1's wordnet key is part%1:24:00::, but the instruction says to return only JSON with sense_index. The candidate senses are numbered 1-12. Sense 1 is "sense_key=part%1:24:00::" and its index is 1. So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}. But let's double-check: The context: "who was not part of Wolfe-Simon's research team" indicates she was not a member. That is a component part. Yes.{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: part
Target surface form: part
Context:
"But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that arsenic could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work. Arsenic was more common in the early times on Earth, she said, so researchers have speculated that early life forms might have used it. "It does suggest that that there could be other ways to form life, not just how life formed on early Earth," said Foster, who was not <t>part</t> of Wolfe-Simon's research team. The research was supported by NASA, the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=part%1:24:00:: | definition=something determined in relation to something that includes it | synonyms=portion, component part, component, constituent | examples=he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript
2. sense_key=part%1:06:00:: | definition=something less than the whole of a human artifact | synonyms=portion | examples=the rear part of the house; glue the two parts together
3. sense_key=part%1:17:00:: | definition=a portion of a natural object | synonyms=piece | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite
4. sense_key=part%1:09:02:: | definition=that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation | examples=it requires vigilance on our part; they resisted every effort on his part
5. sense_key=part%1:15:00:: | definition=the extended spatial location of something | synonyms=region | examples=the farming regions of France; religions in all parts of the world
6. sense_key=part%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
7. sense_key=part%1:09:01:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, role, theatrical role, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
8. sense_key=part%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=share, portion, percentage | examples=he wanted his share in cash
9. sense_key=part%1:09:00:: | definition=one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole | synonyms=section, division | examples=the written part of the exam; the finance section of the company
10. sense_key=part%1:08:01:: | definition=a line of scalp that can be seen when sections of hair are combed in opposite directions | synonyms=parting | examples=his part was right in the middle
11. sense_key=part%1:10:00:: | definition=the melody carried by a particular voice or instrument in polyphonic music | synonyms=voice | examples=he tried to sing the tenor part
12. sense_key=part%1:04:03:: | definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=contribution, share | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] We are given target lemma "part" and context: "who was not <t>part</t> of Wolfe-Simon's research team." The word "part" here is used in the sense of being a member or component of a group. The phrase "not part of Wolfe-Simon's research team" means she was not a member or component of that team. This aligns with sense 1: "something determined in relation to something that includes it" with synonyms "portion, component part, component, constituent." Also sense 9: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole" with synonyms "section, division." But the context is about being a member of a team, which is more like a component or constituent. Sense 1 has an example "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself" which fits. Sense 9 has "the finance section of the company" which is more about a section. Here it's about being a part of a team, so sense 1 seems most appropriate. Also sense 6: "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group" with synonyms "function, office, role" but that's more about a role, not just membership. Here it's simply being a member, not a specific role. So sense 1 is best. However, note that sense 1's wordnet key is part%1:24:00::, but the instruction says to return only JSON with sense_index. The candidate senses are numbered 1-12. Sense 1 is "sense_key=part%1:24:00::" and its index is 1. So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}. But let's double-check: The context: "who was not part of Wolfe-Simon's research team" indicates she was not a member. That is a component part. Yes.{"sense_index": 1}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 12. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "part" in the context "who was not part of Wolfe-Simon's research team." This means she was not a member or component of that team. Sense 1: "something determined in relation to something that includes it" with synonyms portion, component part, component, constituent. That fits well. Sense 9: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole" also could fit, but sense 1 explicitly includes "component part" and has an example "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself" which matches the team membership. Sense 6 is about role/function, not just membership. So sense 1 is best. Index 1.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: team
Context:
"But arsenic is different enough that it doesn't work as well as phosphorus, so it gets in there and sort of gums up the works of our biochemical machinery," explained Anbar. The researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow. The microbe does grow better on phosphorus, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common. Jamie S. Foster, an assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Florida, said the idea that arsenic could be substituted for phosphorus isn't new, but there has never been example where it was shown to work. Arsenic was more common in the early times on Earth, she said, so researchers have speculated that early life forms might have used it. "It does suggest that that there could be other ways to form life, not just how life formed on early Earth," said Foster, who was not part of Wolfe-Simon's research <t>team</t>. The research was supported by NASA, the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to choose the best sense for "team" in the given context. The context is about a research team. The target word is in the phrase "Wolfe-Simon's research team". This clearly refers to a group of people working together in research, which corresponds to sense 1: "a cooperative unit (especially in sports)" but note that the definition says "especially in sports", but it can refer to any cooperative unit. The synonyms include "squad". Sense 2 is about draft animals. So sense 1 is appropriate. Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: routine
Target surface form: routine
Context:
The democratic <t>routine</t> Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=routine%1:04:00:: | definition=an unvarying or habitual method or procedure | synonyms=modus operandi
2. sense_key=routine%1:10:01:: | definition=a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program | synonyms=act, number, turn, bit | examples=he did his act three times every evening; she had a catchy little routine
3. sense_key=routine%1:10:00:: | definition=a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program | synonyms=subroutine, subprogram, procedure, function

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
We are given the target word "routine" in the context: "The democratic <t>routine</t> Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise."

We need to choose the best sense among three options. The context is about "democratic routine" - likely referring to a habitual method or procedure in the context of democracy, not a theatrical performance or a computer program. Sense 1 is "an unvarying or habitual method or procedure" with synonyms modus operandi. That fits: the democratic routine is the usual way of doing things in a democracy. So sense 1 is appropriate.

Thus, the answer should be sense_index=1.{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: support
Target surface form: Support
Context:
The democratic routine <t>Support</t> for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=support%1:04:04:: | definition=the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities | examples=his support kept the family together; they gave him emotional support during difficult times
2. sense_key=support%1:04:00:: | definition=aiding the cause or policy or interests of | examples=the president no longer has the support of his own party; they developed a scheme of mutual support
3. sense_key=support%1:09:00:: | definition=something providing immaterial assistance to a person or cause or interest | examples=the policy found little public support; his faith was all the support he needed
4. sense_key=support%1:04:03:: | definition=a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission | synonyms=reinforcement, reenforcement | examples=they called for artillery support
5. sense_key=support%1:04:02:: | definition=documentary validation | synonyms=documentation | examples=his documentation of the results was excellent; the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones
6. sense_key=support%1:21:00:: | definition=the financial means whereby one lives | synonyms=keep, livelihood, living, bread and butter, sustenance | examples=each child was expected to pay for their keep; he applied to the state for support
7. sense_key=support%1:06:01:: | definition=supporting structure that holds up or provides a foundation | examples=the statue stood on a marble support
8. sense_key=support%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening | synonyms=supporting | examples=he leaned against the wall for support
9. sense_key=support%1:10:01:: | definition=a musical part (vocal or instrumental) that supports or provides background for other musical parts | synonyms=accompaniment, musical accompaniment, backup
10. sense_key=support%1:06:00:: | definition=any device that bears the weight of another thing | examples=there was no place to attach supports for a shelf
11. sense_key=support%1:21:01:: | definition=financial resources provided to make some project possible | synonyms=financial support, funding, backing, financial backing | examples=the foundation provided support for the experiment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to choose the best sense for "Support" in the context: "The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise." The target surface form is "Support" (capitalized). The context is about public opinion or approval for democracy and private enterprise. The word "Support" here refers to the level of approval or endorsement. Looking at candidate senses:

- Sense 2: %1:04:00:: "aiding the cause or policy or interests of" with example "the president no longer has the support of his own party". This fits well because it's about supporting a cause (democracy) and a policy (private enterprise). The example matches.
- Sense 3: %1:09:00:: "something providing immaterial assistance to a person or cause or interest" with example "the policy found little public support". Also fits. But sense 2 specifically mentions "the policy or interests", and the context talks about "backing for private enterprise" which is similar. Sense 3 is more general immaterial assistance.

The phrase "the democratic routine Support for democracy" suggests it's about public support, which is immaterial. But sense 2 is about aiding a cause or policy, and the example "the president no longer has the support of his own party" is about political support. That matches the political context. Sense 3 also works but might be broader. However, sense 2 is more specific to aiding a cause. Also note the context says "as does backing for private enterprise" where "backing" is synonymous with support. In WordNet, sense 2 has synonyms? It doesn't list synonyms but sense 11 is about financial backing. But here it's not financial; it's public opinion.

I think sense 2 is the best match because it explicitly mentions "cause or policy or interests", and the example is about political support. The context is about democracy and private enterprise as causes/policies.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: backing
Target surface form: backing
Context:
The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does <t>backing</t> for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=backing%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of providing approval and support | synonyms=backup, championship, patronage | examples=his vigorous backing of the conservatives got him in trouble with progressives
2. sense_key=backing%1:06:00:: | definition=something forming a back that is added for strengthening | synonyms=mount
3. sense_key=backing%1:21:00:: | definition=financial resources provided to make some project possible | synonyms=support, financial support, funding, financial backing | examples=the foundation provided support for the experiment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "backing" in the context: "The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment." The candidate senses are:

1. backing%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of providing approval and support | synonyms=backup, championship, patronage | examples=his vigorous backing of the conservatives got him in trouble with progressives
2. backing%1:06:00:: | definition=something forming a back that is added for strengthening | synonyms=mount
3. backing%1:21:00:: | definition=financial resources provided to make some project possible | synonyms=support, financial support, funding, financial backing | examples=the foundation provided support for the experiment

The context talks about "backing for private enterprise". This is about support for private enterprise. It could be approval and support (sense 1) or financial resources (sense 3). Sense 2 is physical backing, which doesn't fit. The sentence mentions "Support for democracy" and "backing for private enterprise" in parallel. "Support" is used synonymously. In sense 1, backing is defined as "the act of providing approval and support" which fits well. Sense 3 is specifically "financial resources", but the context doesn't specify financial resources; it's more general support. Also, the example for sense 1 is "his vigorous backing of the conservatives" which is about political support, similar to democratic support. Therefore, sense 1 seems most appropriate.

Thus, the answer is sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: crime
Target surface form: Crime
Context:
The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. <t>Crime</t> has become a bigger worry than unemployment. And Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=crime%1:04:00:: | definition=(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act | synonyms=offense, criminal offense, criminal offence, offence, law-breaking | examples=a long record of crimes
2. sense_key=crime%1:04:01:: | definition=an evil act not necessarily punishable by law | examples=crimes of the heart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to select the best sense for "crime" in the given context. The context: "Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment." This refers to criminal acts, not necessarily a specific act but the general phenomenon. Sense 1: "an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act" with synonyms like offense. Sense 2: "an evil act not necessarily punishable by law" like crimes of the heart. The context talks about crime as a societal worry, likely referring to criminal activity that is punishable by law, such as theft, violence, etc. Unemployment is an economic issue; crime is a law and order issue. So sense 1 is appropriate. Therefore, sense index 1.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worry
Target surface form: worry
Context:
The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger <t>worry</t> than unemployment. And Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worry%1:09:00:: | definition=something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness | synonyms=concern, headache, vexation | examples=New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry
2. sense_key=worry%1:12:00:: | definition=a strong feeling of anxiety | synonyms=trouble | examples=his worry over the prospect of being fired; it is not work but worry that kills

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "worry" in the context: "Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment." The context is about comparing two things (crime and unemployment) as worries. The sentence says "a bigger worry" - this is a noun usage, meaning something that causes anxiety or is a source of concern.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worry%1:09:00:: | definition=something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness | synonyms=concern, headache, vexation | examples=New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry
2. sense_key=worry%1:12:00:: | definition=a strong feeling of anxiety | synonyms=trouble | examples=his worry over the prospect of being fired; it is not work but worry that kills

In the context, "a bigger worry" refers to crime as a source of anxiety, not the feeling itself. The phrase "a worry" typically denotes a specific concern or problem. The first sense is for a concrete source of anxiety (a concern). The second sense is for the feeling of anxiety. In the sentence, "Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment" means crime is a more significant source of worry. It is not describing the feeling of worry itself but rather comparing two "worries" as things. Therefore, sense 1 is appropriate.

Thus, the response should indicate sense index 1

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brazil
Target surface form: Brazil
Context:
The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment. And <t>Brazil</t> is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region. Those are some of the findings of the latest Latinobarómetro poll taken in 18 countries and published exclusively by The Economist.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brazil%1:15:00:: | definition=the largest Latin American country and the largest Portuguese speaking country in the world; located in the central and northeastern part of South America; world's leading coffee exporter | synonyms=Federative Republic of Brazil, Brasil
2. sense_key=brazil%1:13:00:: | definition=three-sided tropical American nut with white oily meat and hard brown shell | synonyms=brazil nut

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a target lemma "brazil" with surface form "Brazil". The context mentions "Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region". This clearly refers to the country, not the nut. The first sense is the country, second sense is the nut. So the correct sense index is 1. Note: The instruction says "do not answer with a WordNet sense key" and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}". But here the correct index is 1. So output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment. And Brazil is seen as more influential than the <t>United States</t> across much of the region. Those are some of the findings of the latest Latinobarómetro poll taken in 18 countries and published exclusively by The Economist.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: We are given: "Target lemma: united_states" and "Target surface form: United States". The context is about "Brazil is seen as more influential than the <t>United States</t> across much of the region." This is comparing influence of Brazil versus the United States as a country, not specifically the government. The two candidate senses: 1) the country (North American republic), and 2) the federal government. The context is about influence in Latin America, comparing Brazil and the United States as nations. So sense 1 is appropriate. The phrase "the United States" here refers to the country as a whole, not just its government. So I choose sense 1. The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.{"sense_index": 1"}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: finding
Target surface form: findings
Context:
The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment. And Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region. Those are some of the <t>findings</t> of the latest Latinobarómetro poll taken in 18 countries and published exclusively by The Economist. Because the poll has been taken regularly since 1995, it tracks changes in attitude across the region.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=finding%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation | synonyms=determination | examples=the determination of molecular structures
2. sense_key=finding%1:04:01:: | definition=the decision of a court on issues of fact or law
3. sense_key=finding%1:17:00:: | definition=something that is found | examples=the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate that he died several hours after dinner; an area rich in archaeological findings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to choose the best sense for "findings" in the context. The context is about the results of a poll: "Those are some of the findings of the latest Latinobarómetro poll". The word "findings" here refers to the results or conclusions from the poll.

Sense 1: "the act of determining the properties of something" – that's the process, not the result.
Sense 2: "the decision of a court" – clearly not.
Sense 3: "something that is found" – this fits, as the findings are what was found (the results). Also the example "an area rich in archaeological findings" is analogous to poll findings.

Thus sense 3 is best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: poll
Target surface form: poll
Context:
The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment. And Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region. Those are some of the findings of the latest Latinobarómetro <t>poll</t> taken in 18 countries and published exclusively by The Economist. Because the poll has been taken regularly since 1995, it tracks changes in attitude across the region.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=poll%1:09:00:: | definition=an inquiry into public opinion conducted by interviewing a random sample of people | synonyms=opinion poll, public opinion poll, canvass
2. sense_key=poll%1:08:01:: | definition=the top of the head | synonyms=pate, crown
3. sense_key=poll%1:08:02:: | definition=the part of the head between the ears
4. sense_key=poll%1:05:00:: | definition=a tame parrot | synonyms=poll parrot
5. sense_key=poll%1:04:00:: | definition=the counting of votes (as in an election)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a context where "poll" refers to the Latinobarómetro poll, which is a survey of public opinion. The context mentions "findings of the latest Latinobarómetro poll" and "taken in 18 countries". This clearly matches sense 1: "an inquiry into public opinion conducted by interviewing a random sample of people". The other senses are about the head or a parrot or counting votes, none of which fit. So the answer is sense index 1.