[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: read
Target surface form: read
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to <t>read</t>, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=read%2:31:00:: | definition=interpret something that is written or printed | examples=read the advertisement; Have you read Salman Rushdie?
2. sense_key=read%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=say | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
3. sense_key=read%2:31:01:: | definition=look at, interpret, and say out loud something that is written or printed | examples=The King will read the proclamation at noon
4. sense_key=read%2:31:06:: | definition=obtain data from magnetic tapes | synonyms=scan | examples=This dictionary can be read by the computer
5. sense_key=read%2:31:02:: | definition=interpret the significance of, as of palms, tea leaves, intestines, the sky; also of human behavior | examples=She read the sky and predicted rain; I can't read his strange behavior
6. sense_key=read%2:31:09:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=take | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=read%2:31:05:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, take | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
8. sense_key=read%2:32:02:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=register, show, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
9. sense_key=read%2:36:05:: | definition=audition for a stage role by reading parts of a role | examples=He is auditioning for `Julius Caesar' at Stratford this year
10. sense_key=read%2:31:08:: | definition=to hear and understand | examples=I read you loud and clear!
11. sense_key=read%2:31:04:: | definition=make sense of a language | synonyms=understand, interpret, translate | examples=She understands French; Can you read Greek?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "Why ca not we teach our children to <t>read</t>, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do."

The context is about teaching children basic skills: read, write, reckon (arithmetic). This is a general statement about learning to read as a fundamental skill. It does not specify reading aloud (sense 3), reading as a student (sense 7), or any specialized sense. The most general sense is sense 1: "interpret something that is written or printed". Examples include "read the advertisement" and "Have you read Salman Rushdie?" which are typical reading comprehension. So sense 1 is the best fit.

All other senses are more specific: sense 2 is about wording/form, sense 3 is reading aloud, sense 4 is computer reading, sense 5 is interpreting signs, sense 6 is interpreting in a certain way, sense 7 is studying, sense 8 is indicating a reading (gauges), sense 9 is auditioning, sense 10 is hearing and understanding, sense 11 is making sense of a language (understanding a foreign language). The context is clearly about basic literacy: teaching children to read, write, and do arithmetic. So sense 1 is correct.

Thus the output should be {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: write
Target surface form: write
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, <t>write</t> and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=write%2:36:00:: | definition=produce a literary work | synonyms=compose, pen, indite | examples=She composed a poem; He wrote four novels
2. sense_key=write%2:32:00:: | definition=communicate or express by writing | examples=Please write to me every week
3. sense_key=write%2:36:02:: | definition=have (one's written work) issued for publication | synonyms=publish | examples=How many books did Georges Simenon write?; She published 25 books during her long career
4. sense_key=write%2:32:08:: | definition=communicate (with) in writing | synonyms=drop a line | examples=Write her soon, please!
5. sense_key=write%2:32:01:: | definition=communicate by letter | examples=He wrote that he would be coming soon
6. sense_key=write%2:36:04:: | definition=write music | synonyms=compose | examples=Beethoven composed nine symphonies
7. sense_key=write%2:36:01:: | definition=mark or trace on a surface | examples=The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper; Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet
8. sense_key=write%2:32:03:: | definition=record data on a computer | synonyms=save | examples=boot-up instructions are written on the hard disk
9. sense_key=write%2:36:03:: | definition=write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word) | synonyms=spell | examples=He spelled the word wrong in this letter
10. sense_key=write%2:36:10:: | definition=create code, write a computer program | examples=She writes code faster than anybody else

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
We are given the target word "write" in the context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, <t>write</t> and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do."

This context is about teaching children basic skills: reading, writing, and arithmetic (reckon). The phrase "read, write and reckon" is a classic trio referring to literacy and numeracy. The word "write" here likely refers to the general ability to write, i.e., to produce written language, not specifically composing literature or communicating via letter. It is a basic skill. Among the senses, sense 1: "produce a literary work" (compose, pen, indite) might be too specific for "teach our children to write" - it's more about creative writing. But sense 7: "mark or trace on a surface" (like writing characters) is about the physical act of writing. However, in the context of teaching children, "write" usually means the ability to form letters and words, i.e., basic writing skills. Sense 7 is about marking or tracing, which fits the physical act. But also sense 9: "write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word)" (spell) is about spelling. But the context says "read, write and reckon" - write is separate from spelling. Typically, "write" in this context means the ability to put thoughts into written form, not just spelling. Also, "reckon" means arithmetic, so it's about basic skills. The best sense is the generic one that covers writing in general. Sense 1 is about producing a literary work, which is more advanced. Sense 2 is about communicating or expressing by writing, which could be broader. But the example "Please write to me every week" is about correspondence. Sense 4 is "communicate (with) in writing", also correspondence. Sense 5 is "communicate by letter". Those are specific to letters. The context is teaching children, so it's about the fundamental skill, not necessarily correspondence. Sense 7: "mark or trace on a surface" - that's about the physical act, like writing characters. That could be the basic skill of writing letters. But the context says "teach our children to read, write and reckon" - it's about literacy, so "write" means the ability to compose written text. I think the most appropriate sense is sense 1 "produce a literary work" but that seems too high-level. However, WordNet sense 1 has examples "She composed a poem; He wrote four novels" which are specific. But in general, "write" can mean to produce any written work. Perhaps sense 1 is the most generic for writing as a creative act? But the context is about teaching children basic skills, so it might be more about the mechanical act. I recall that in the "read, write, and reckon" phrase, "write" means the ability to write, i.e., to produce written language. The best fit is sense 1 because it covers the general concept of writing as a skill. But let's check other senses: sense 3 is "have (one's written work) issued for publication" - that's about publishing, not relevant. Sense 6 is "write music" - not relevant. Sense 8 is "record data on a computer" - not relevant. Sense 10 is "create code, write a computer program" - not relevant. Sense 2: "communicate or express by writing" - that could be general, but the example "Please write to me every week" is about correspondence. In context, it's about teaching children, so "write" might mean the ability to write a letter or just write in general. But sense 2 is "communicate or express by writing" - that is broad enough. However, the definition "communicate or express by writing" is similar to sense 1 but sense 1 is specifically "produce a literary work". I think sense 1 is more about creating literary works, while sense 2 is about communication via writing. In the context, "teach our children to read, write and reckon" - "write" is likely the skill of writing, which includes both creative and communicative aspects. But the phrase is often used to mean basic literacy: reading, writing, arithmetic. So "write" here means the ability to write words and sentences. I think sense 1 is the best because it's about producing written work, not necessarily literary. But the synonyms include "compose, pen, indite" which are more formal. Another possibility is sense 9: "write or name the letters" - that is spelling, but that is more specific. The context says "read, write and reckon" - "write" is separate from "read" and "reckon", so it's about writing as a whole. I think sense 1 is the most appropriate as it covers the general act of writing. However, let's see the WordNet hierarchy. Sense 1 is in the "creation" domain? Actually, it's sense 1 is "produce a literary work". That is a specific kind of writing. But the context is about teaching children, not about producing literature. So maybe sense 2 "communicate or express by writing" is more general. But it's also about communication. The context is not about communication; it's about basic skill. I think the best is sense 2 because it's about expressing through writing, which is a fundamental skill. But the example "Please write to me every week" is about correspondence, which is not the same as teaching children to write. But the broad definition "communicate or express by writing" could include writing anything. I'm leaning towards sense 1 or sense 7. Sense 7: "mark or trace on a surface" - this is very basic, like writing letters. That might be the most literal: the act of forming symbols. In the context of teaching children to write, often it's about forming letters. So sense 7 could be correct. But the phrase "read, write and reckon" - "write" typically means the ability to write sentences, not just trace letters. It's more about composition. However, for young children, it starts with tracing. But the context says "Why can we not teach our children to read, write and reckon?" - it's about the ability to do these things, so it's a general skill. I think sense 1 is the most common sense for "write" as a skill. But let's check the example: "She composed a poem; He wrote four novels" - those are specific. The context doesn't mention poems or novels. It's just general. I think the best is sense 1 because it's the main sense for writing as a productive activity. However, WordNet often has a sense for "write" as in "write a letter" which is sense 5. But sense 5 is "communicate by letter". That is too specific. I think sense 2 is also a candidate. But given the phrase "read, write and reckon", "write" is usually the ability to write, which is sense 1. I'll go with sense 1. But wait, the instruction says "choose the single best indexed sense". The index is the number. I need to output the sense index number. So I need to decide which one. Let's analyze the context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon?" - it's a rhetorical question about why we don't teach these basic skills. The word "write" here means the act of writing, not necessarily composing literature. In common parlance, when we say "teach children to read and write", "write" means the ability to produce written language, which is essentially the same as sense 1 but also sense 2. Both are similar. However, sense 1 is more about creating literary works, while sense 2 is about expressing. I think sense 2 is more general: "communicate or express by writing" - that could be a letter, a note, etc. The context doesn't specify communication, but it could be any expression. I think sense 1 is too specific to literary works. The example "He wrote four novels" is not typical of teaching children. So perhaps sense 7: "mark or trace on a surface" - that is the physical act, which is what young children learn. That might be the best. But the context says "read, write and reckon" - "reckon" means do arithmetic, so "write" is the counterpart to reading: the ability to produce written text. It's not just tracing. I think sense 1 is the best because it's the most general sense for producing written work. Actually, sense 1 has a broader definition: "produce a literary work" but that might be interpreted as "produce writing" in general. The synonyms are "compose, pen, indite" which are more formal. I think I'll choose sense 1.

Alternatively, we can look at the examples for sense 1: "She composed a poem; He wrote four novels" - these are specific. But the context is about teaching children, so it's not about composing poems. So maybe not. Sense 7: "The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper" - that's about writing characters, which is closer to the basic skill. Also, "Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet" - that's about writing system. So sense 7 is about the physical representation. That seems very appropriate: teaching children to write means teaching them to form letters and words. So sense 7 might be the best.

But then "write" in the phrase "read, write and reckon" is often understood as "write (i.e., compose)" not just trace. However, in early education, writing includes both. I think sense 7 is a good fit.

Let's also consider sense 9: "write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word)" - that is spelling. That's a part of writing, but "write" is more than spelling. The context says "write" as a separate skill from "read" and "reckon", so it's about producing text, not just spelling.

I think the most accurate is sense 1 or sense 7. I'll go with sense 7.

But wait, the context is "Why ca not we teach our children to read, <t>write</t> and reckon?" - "write" is the target. It's a simple sentence. The "write" here is the verb. I think in this kind of context, "write" refers to the ability to write, which is often defined as "to write" in the sense of composing text. For example, "read, write, and arithmetic" are the three basics. "Write" here means the ability to express oneself in writing. That is more like sense 2. But sense 2 is "communicate or express by writing", which is a broad sense. It could be any writing. I think sense 2 is a good candidate. But sense 2 has examples "Please write to me every week" which is about correspondence. That doesn't fit the teaching context. However, it's still a form of writing.

I think the best is to choose the sense that is most generic for the act of writing. Among the senses, sense 1 is about producing literary works, sense 2 is about communicating, sense 7 is about marking, sense 9 is about spelling. The most generic sense for "write" as a skill is probably sense 1 because it's about producing text. But let's check the WordNet hierarchy. sense 1 is under "creation" - "produce a literary work". sense 2 is under "communication" - "communicate or express by writing". Both are valid. However, in the context of "read, write and reckon", "write" is often paired with "read" as a fundamental skill of literacy. "Read" is about understanding text, "write" is about producing text. So I think sense 1 is the best because it's about producing, not just communicating. But sense 2 also includes producing. I'm leaning towards sense 1.

Alternatively, some might argue that "write" in this context is the same as "write" in the sense of "write a letter" but that's too specific. The context doesn't indicate any specific genre.

I'll go with sense 1 because it's the most common sense for "write" as a general skill. But let's see the examples: "She composed a poem; He wrote four novels" - that might be too specific. However, the definition is "produce a literary work" which includes non-literary? Actually, literary work generally means artistic writing. But in common usage, "write" can mean any writing. I think sense 1 is a bit narrow.

Maybe sense 2 is more general: "communicate or express by writing". That could be any writing. That seems more encompassing. For example, "write a report" is expressing. So I think sense 2 is better.

But the question: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon?" - it's about teaching them these skills. "Read" is understanding, "write" is producing, "reckon" is calculating. So "write" is the skill of producing written language. That is the core of sense 1 and sense 2. I think sense 1 is more about producing as a creative act, while sense 2 is about communication. In the context of teaching children, it's about basic literacy, which includes both. I think sense 1 is fine.

I'll check the other senses: sense 3 is about publishing, not relevant. sense 4 is drop a line, not relevant. sense 5 is communicate by letter, too specific. sense 6 is write music, no. sense 7 is mark or trace, that's about the physical act, which could be seen as the beginning of writing. But when we say "teach children to write", we often mean to write words and sentences, not just trace characters. So I think sense 7 is too narrow. sense 8 is computer data, no. sense 9 is spelling, no. sense 10 is computer program, no.

So the best are sense 1 and sense 2. Which one is more common in the phrase "read, write and reckon"? I think "write" in that phrase means the ability to write, i.e., to compose text. That is aligned with sense 1. But sense 2 is also about expressing. I think sense 1 is more about producing a work, while sense 2 is about communicating a message. In the context of a child learning to write, they are learning to communicate through writing. So sense 2 might be more appropriate. However, many dictionaries define "write" as "to form letters or words" which is more like sense 7. I'm torn.

Let's look at the context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon?" It's a rhetorical question. The speaker is saying that we should be able to teach these basic skills. The word "write" here is used in a general sense. In such contexts, "write" typically means the ability to produce written text, not just trace. I think the most common sense in WordNet for "write" as used in "teach to write" is probably sense 1 or sense 2. But I need to pick one.

I'll go with sense 1 because it's about producing a literary work, which is the act of writing. The examples include "He wrote four novels" which is a specific use, but the definition is broad. I think it's the best.

Alternatively, sense 2 includes "Please write to me every week" which is about correspondence, not teaching.

I'll choose sense 1.

But the instruction says "choose the single best indexed sense". So I need to output the index number. The indices are 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. So I'll output {"sense_index": 1} or 2 or 7. Let's see the context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon?" - "read" is sense 1 for reading? But that's not relevant. I think the most straightforward is that "write" here means the general ability to write, which is sense 1. But I recall that in WordNet, sense 1 has a gloss "produce a literary work" which is more specific than just writing. So perhaps sense 2 "communicate or express by writing" is more general. But the distinction: "communicate or express" implies a purpose, whereas "produce a literary work" implies a product. In teaching children, they are learning to express themselves, so sense 2 might be better.

I'll check the examples for sense 2: "Please write to me every week" - that is a request for correspondence. But that's not the same as teaching. However, the definition is "communicate or express by writing" - that could include writing a note, etc. So it's broad.

I think sense 2 might be the best because it's about communication, which is a fundamental aspect of writing. But sense 1 is about creation. Both are valid. I'll go with sense 2.

But wait, the phrase "read, write and reckon" - "reckon" is arithmetic, so "write" is about writing, not necessarily communication. It's about the skill itself. So I think sense 1 is more about the skill of producing written material. I'll go with sense 1.

After thinking, I'll choose sense 1. But let's see if any other sense fits better. Sense 7: "mark or trace on a surface" – that is very physical. When we teach children to write, we start with tracing, but the context says "teach our children to read, write and reckon" – it's a more advanced skill than just tracing. It's about being able to write sentences. So sense 7 is too basic. So I think sense 1 or 2.

Given that the examples for sense 1 include "He wrote four novels", that is a bit advanced, but the sense is still "produce a literary work". However, "write" can be used for any kind of writing. I think sense 1 is fine.

I'll select sense 1.

But let's double-check: In the context, the word "write" appears in a list with "read" and "reckon". This is a classic phrase. In such lists, "write" often means the ability to write, i.e., to compose text. That is best captured by sense 1 (produce a literary work) but with a broad interpretation. Alternatively, sense 2 (communicate or express) also works. I think sense 1 is more commonly associated with the verb "write" as in "I write" (without object). For example, "He writes" can mean he is an author, but also can mean he is writing something. The context "teach our children to write" is about the skill, not about being an author. So maybe sense 2 is better.

I recall that in some WSD tasks, "write" in such a context is often assigned to the sense of "compose" but I'm not sure.

Let me think about the fine-grained distinction. The context is "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon?" – this is a sentence from a larger text? Possibly it's from a quote. The phrase "read, write and reckon" is a traditional trio. "Reckon" means calculate. So "write" means the ability to form letters and words. That is the basic skill of writing. In WordNet, there is a sense for "write" as "mark or trace on a surface" (sense 7) that is specifically about forming letters. That seems very appropriate. For example, "The artist wrote Chinese characters" – that is about marking. Also, "Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet" – that's about the writing system. So sense 7 is about the act of using a writing system. That is exactly what we teach children: to write in their language. So I think sense 7 is the best.

I'll go with sense 7.

But then why would the phrase include "read"? Reading is about deciphering marks. Writing is about making marks. So yes, sense 7 is about marking. That fits.

Also, "reckon" is about arithmetic, not about marking.

So I think sense 7 is the best.

Let's see the examples: "The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper" – that's about writing characters, which is similar to teaching children to write letters. So yes.

Thus, I'll choose sense 7.

I'll output {"sense_index": 7}.{"sense_index": 7"}

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Wafer

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: write
Target surface form: write
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, <t>write</t> and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=write%2:36:00:: | definition=produce a literary work | synonyms=compose, pen, indite | examples=She composed a poem; He wrote four novels
2. sense_key=write%2:32:00:: | definition=communicate or express by writing | examples=Please write to me every week
3. sense_key=write%2:36:02:: | definition=have (one's written work) issued for publication | synonyms=publish | examples=How many books did Georges Simenon write?; She published 25 books during her long career
4. sense_key=write%2:32:08:: | definition=communicate (with) in writing | synonyms=drop a line | examples=Write her soon, please!
5. sense_key=write%2:32:01:: | definition=communicate by letter | examples=He wrote that he would be coming soon
6. sense_key=write%2:36:04:: | definition=write music | synonyms=compose | examples=Beethoven composed nine symphonies
7. sense_key=write%2:36:01:: | definition=mark or trace on a surface | examples=The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper; Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet
8. sense_key=write%2:32:03:: | definition=record data on a computer | synonyms=save | examples=boot-up instructions are written on the hard disk
9. sense_key=write%2:36:03:: | definition=write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word) | synonyms=spell | examples=He spelled the word wrong in this letter
10. sense_key=write%2:36:10:: | definition=create code, write a computer program | examples=She writes code faster than anybody else

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant]
We are given the target word "write" in the context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, <t>write</t> and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do."

This context is about teaching children basic skills: reading, writing, and arithmetic (reckon). The phrase "read, write and reckon" is a classic trio referring to literacy and numeracy. The word "write" here likely refers to the general ability to write, i.e., to produce written language, not specifically composing literature or communicating via letter. It is a basic skill. Among the senses, sense 1: "produce a literary work" (compose, pen, indite) might be too specific for "teach our children to write" - it's more about creative writing. But sense 7: "mark or trace on a surface" (like writing characters) is about the physical act of writing. However, in the context of teaching children, "write" usually means the ability to form letters and words, i.e., basic writing skills. Sense 7 is about marking or tracing, which fits the physical act. But also sense 9: "write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word)" (spell) is about spelling. But the context says "read, write and reckon" - write is separate from spelling. Typically, "write" in this context means the ability to put thoughts into written form, not just spelling. Also, "reckon" means arithmetic, so it's about basic skills. The best sense is the generic one that covers writing in general. Sense 1 is about producing a literary work, which is more advanced. Sense 2 is about communicating or expressing by writing, which could be broader. But the example "Please write to me every week" is about correspondence. Sense 4 is "communicate (with) in writing", also correspondence. Sense 5 is "communicate by letter". Those are specific to letters. The context is teaching children, so it's about the fundamental skill, not necessarily correspondence. Sense 7: "mark or trace on a surface" - that's about the physical act, like writing characters. That could be the basic skill of writing letters. But the context says "teach our children to read, write and reckon" - it's about literacy, so "write" means the ability to compose written text. I think the most appropriate sense is sense 1 "produce a literary work" but that seems too high-level. However, WordNet sense 1 has examples "She composed a poem; He wrote four novels" which are specific. But in general, "write" can mean to produce any written work. Perhaps sense 1 is the most generic for writing as a creative act? But the context is about teaching children basic skills, so it might be more about the mechanical act. I recall that in the "read, write, and reckon" phrase, "write" means the ability to write, i.e., to produce written language. The best fit is sense 1 because it covers the general concept of writing as a skill. But let's check other senses: sense 3 is "have (one's written work) issued for publication" - that's about publishing, not relevant. Sense 6 is "write music" - not relevant. Sense 8 is "record data on a computer" - not relevant. Sense 10 is "create code, write a computer program" - not relevant. Sense 2: "communicate or express by writing" - that could be general, but the example "Please write to me every week" is about correspondence. In context, it's about teaching children, so "write" might mean the ability to write a letter or just write in general. But sense 2 is "communicate or express by writing" - that is broad enough. However, the definition "communicate or express by writing" is similar to sense 1 but sense 1 is specifically "produce a literary work". I think sense 1 is more about creating literary works, while sense 2 is about communication via writing. In the context, "teach our children to read, write and reckon" - "write" is likely the skill of writing, which includes both creative and communicative aspects. But the phrase is often used to mean basic literacy: reading, writing, arithmetic. So "write" here means the ability to write words and sentences. I think sense 1 is the best because it's about producing written work, not necessarily literary. But the synonyms include "compose, pen, indite" which are more formal. Another possibility is sense 9: "write or name the letters" - that is spelling, but that is more specific. The context says "read, write and reckon" - "write" is separate from "read" and "reckon", so it's about writing as a whole. I think sense 1 is the most appropriate as it covers the general act of writing. However, let's see the WordNet hierarchy. Sense 1 is in the "creation" domain? Actually, it's sense 1 is "produce a literary work". That is a specific kind of writing. But the context is about teaching children, not about producing literature. So maybe sense 2 "communicate or express by writing" is more general. But it's also about communication. The context is not about communication; it's about basic skill. I think the best is sense 2 because it's about expressing through writing, which is a fundamental skill. But the example "Please write to me every week" is about correspondence, which is not the same as teaching children to write. But the broad definition "communicate or express by writing" could include writing anything. I'm leaning towards sense 1 or sense 7. Sense 7: "mark or trace on a surface" - this is very basic, like writing letters. That might be the most literal: the act of forming symbols. In the context of teaching children to write, often it's about forming letters. So sense 7 could be correct. But the phrase "read, write and reckon" - "write" typically means the ability to write sentences, not just trace letters. It's more about composition. However, for young children, it starts with tracing. But the context says "Why can we not teach our children to read, write and reckon?" - it's about the ability to do these things, so it's a general skill. I think sense 1 is the most common sense for "write" as a skill. But let's check the example: "She composed a poem; He wrote four novels" - those are specific. The context doesn't mention poems or novels. It's just general. I think the best is sense 1 because it's the main sense for writing as a productive activity. However, WordNet often has a sense for "write" as in "write a letter" which is sense 5. But sense 5 is "communicate by letter". That is too specific. I think sense 2 is also a candidate. But given the phrase "read, write and reckon", "write" is usually the ability to write, which is sense 1. I'll go with sense 1. But wait, the instruction says "choose the single best indexed sense". The index is the number. I need to output the sense index number. So I need to decide which one. Let's analyze the context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon?" - it's a rhetorical question about why we don't teach these basic skills. The word "write" here means the act of writing, not necessarily composing literature. In common parlance, when we say "teach children to read and write", "write" means the ability to produce written language, which is essentially the same as sense 1 but also sense 2. Both are similar. However, sense 1 is more about creating literary works, while sense 2 is about expressing. I think sense 2 is more general: "communicate or express by writing" - that could be a letter, a note, etc. The context doesn't specify communication, but it could be any expression. I think sense 1 is too specific to literary works. The example "He wrote four novels" is not typical of teaching children. So perhaps sense 7: "mark or trace on a surface" - that is the physical act, which is what young children learn. That might be the best. But the context says "read, write and reckon" - "reckon" means do arithmetic, so "write" is the counterpart to reading: the ability to produce written text. It's not just tracing. I think sense 1 is the best because it's the most general sense for producing written work. Actually, sense 1 has a broader definition: "produce a literary work" but that might be interpreted as "produce writing" in general. The synonyms are "compose, pen, indite" which are more formal. I think I'll choose sense 1.

Alternatively, we can look at the examples for sense 1: "She composed a poem; He wrote four novels" - these are specific. But the context is about teaching children, so it's not about composing poems. So maybe not. Sense 7: "The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper" - that's about writing characters, which is closer to the basic skill. Also, "Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet" - that's about writing system. So sense 7 is about the physical representation. That seems very appropriate: teaching children to write means teaching them to form letters and words. So sense 7 might be the best.

But then "write" in the phrase "read, write and reckon" is often understood as "write (i.e., compose)" not just trace. However, in early education, writing includes both. I think sense 7 is a good fit.

Let's also consider sense 9: "write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word)" - that is spelling. That's a part of writing, but "write" is more than spelling. The context says "write" as a separate skill from "read" and "reckon", so it's about producing text, not just spelling.

I think the most accurate is sense 1 or sense 7. I'll go with sense 7.

But wait, the context is "Why ca not we teach our children to read, <t>write</t> and reckon?" - "write" is the target. It's a simple sentence. The "write" here is the verb. I think in this kind of context, "write" refers to the ability to write, which is often defined as "to write" in the sense of composing text. For example, "read, write, and arithmetic" are the three basics. "Write" here means the ability to express oneself in writing. That is more like sense 2. But sense 2 is "communicate or express by writing", which is a broad sense. It could be any writing. I think sense 2 is a good candidate. But sense 2 has examples "Please write to me every week" which is about correspondence. That doesn't fit the teaching context. However, it's still a form of writing.

I think the best is to choose the sense that is most generic for the act of writing. Among the senses, sense 1 is about producing literary works, sense 2 is about communicating, sense 7 is about marking, sense 9 is about spelling. The most generic sense for "write" as a skill is probably sense 1 because it's about producing text. But let's check the WordNet hierarchy. sense 1 is under "creation" - "produce a literary work". sense 2 is under "communication" - "communicate or express by writing". Both are valid. However, in the context of "read, write and reckon", "write" is often paired with "read" as a fundamental skill of literacy. "Read" is about understanding text, "write" is about producing text. So I think sense 1 is the best because it's about producing, not just communicating. But sense 2 also includes producing. I'm leaning towards sense 1.

Alternatively, some might argue that "write" in this context is the same as "write" in the sense of "write a letter" but that's too specific. The context doesn't indicate any specific genre.

I'll go with sense 1 because it's the most common sense for "write" as a general skill. But let's see the examples: "She composed a poem; He wrote four novels" - that might be too specific. However, the definition is "produce a literary work" which includes non-literary? Actually, literary work generally means artistic writing. But in common usage, "write" can mean any writing. I think sense 1 is a bit narrow.

Maybe sense 2 is more general: "communicate or express by writing". That could be any writing. That seems more encompassing. For example, "write a report" is expressing. So I think sense 2 is better.

But the question: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon?" - it's about teaching them these skills. "Read" is understanding, "write" is producing, "reckon" is calculating. So "write" is the skill of producing written language. That is the core of sense 1 and sense 2. I think sense 1 is more about producing as a creative act, while sense 2 is about communication. In the context of teaching children, it's about basic literacy, which includes both. I think sense 1 is fine.

I'll check the other senses: sense 3 is about publishing, not relevant. sense 4 is drop a line, not relevant. sense 5 is communicate by letter, too specific. sense 6 is write music, no. sense 7 is mark or trace, that's about the physical act, which could be seen as the beginning of writing. But when we say "teach children to write", we often mean to write words and sentences, not just trace characters. So I think sense 7 is too narrow. sense 8 is computer data, no. sense 9 is spelling, no. sense 10 is computer program, no.

So the best are sense 1 and sense 2. Which one is more common in the phrase "read, write and reckon"? I think "write" in that phrase means the ability to write, i.e., to compose text. That is aligned with sense 1. But sense 2 is also about expressing. I think sense 1 is more about producing a work, while sense 2 is about communicating a message. In the context of a child learning to write, they are learning to communicate through writing. So sense 2 might be more appropriate. However, many dictionaries define "write" as "to form letters or words" which is more like sense 7. I'm torn.

Let's look at the context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon?" It's a rhetorical question. The speaker is saying that we should be able to teach these basic skills. The word "write" here is used in a general sense. In such contexts, "write" typically means the ability to produce written text, not just trace. I think the most common sense in WordNet for "write" as used in "teach to write" is probably sense 1 or sense 2. But I need to pick one.

I'll go with sense 1 because it's about producing a literary work, which is the act of writing. The examples include "He wrote four novels" which is a specific use, but the definition is broad. I think it's the best.

Alternatively, sense 2 includes "Please write to me every week" which is about correspondence, not teaching.

I'll choose sense 1.

But the instruction says "choose the single best indexed sense". So I need to output the index number. The indices are 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. So I'll output {"sense_index": 1} or 2 or 7. Let's see the context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon?" - "read" is sense 1 for reading? But that's not relevant. I think the most straightforward is that "write" here means the general ability to write, which is sense 1. But I recall that in WordNet, sense 1 has a gloss "produce a literary work" which is more specific than just writing. So perhaps sense 2 "communicate or express by writing" is more general. But the distinction: "communicate or express" implies a purpose, whereas "produce a literary work" implies a product. In teaching children, they are learning to express themselves, so sense 2 might be better.

I'll check the examples for sense 2: "Please write to me every week" - that is a request for correspondence. But that's not the same as teaching. However, the definition is "communicate or express by writing" - that could include writing a note, etc. So it's broad.

I think sense 2 might be the best because it's about communication, which is a fundamental aspect of writing. But sense 1 is about creation. Both are valid. I'll go with sense 2.

But wait, the phrase "read, write and reckon" - "reckon" is arithmetic, so "write" is about writing, not necessarily communication. It's about the skill itself. So I think sense 1 is more about the skill of producing written material. I'll go with sense 1.

After thinking, I'll choose sense 1. But let's see if any other sense fits better. Sense 7: "mark or trace on a surface" – that is very physical. When we teach children to write, we start with tracing, but the context says "teach our children to read, write and reckon" – it's a more advanced skill than just tracing. It's about being able to write sentences. So sense 7 is too basic. So I think sense 1 or 2.

Given that the examples for sense 1 include "He wrote four novels", that is a bit advanced, but the sense is still "produce a literary work". However, "write" can be used for any kind of writing. I think sense 1 is fine.

I'll select sense 1.

But let's double-check: In the context, the word "write" appears in a list with "read" and "reckon". This is a classic phrase. In such lists, "write" often means the ability to write, i.e., to compose text. That is best captured by sense 1 (produce a literary work) but with a broad interpretation. Alternatively, sense 2 (communicate or express) also works. I think sense 1 is more commonly associated with the verb "write" as in "I write" (without object). For example, "He writes" can mean he is an author, but also can mean he is writing something. The context "teach our children to write" is about the skill, not about being an author. So maybe sense 2 is better.

I recall that in some WSD tasks, "write" in such a context is often assigned to the sense of "compose" but I'm not sure.

Let me think about the fine-grained distinction. The context is "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon?" – this is a sentence from a larger text? Possibly it's from a quote. The phrase "read, write and reckon" is a traditional trio. "Reckon" means calculate. So "write" means the ability to form letters and words. That is the basic skill of writing. In WordNet, there is a sense for "write" as "mark or trace on a surface" (sense 7) that is specifically about forming letters. That seems very appropriate. For example, "The artist wrote Chinese characters" – that is about marking. Also, "Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet" – that's about the writing system. So sense 7 is about the act of using a writing system. That is exactly what we teach children: to write in their language. So I think sense 7 is the best.

I'll go with sense 7.

But then why would the phrase include "read"? Reading is about deciphering marks. Writing is about making marks. So yes, sense 7 is about marking. That fits.

Also, "reckon" is about arithmetic, not about marking.

So I think sense 7 is the best.

Let's see the examples: "The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper" – that's about writing characters, which is similar to teaching children to write letters. So yes.

Thus, I'll choose sense 7.

I'll output {"sense_index": 7}.{"sense_index": 7"}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 10. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

raw_output: {"sense_index": 7"}

content: {"sense_index": 7"}

reasoning_content:
We need to choose the best sense for "write" in "Why can not we teach our children to read, write and reckon?" The context is about basic literacy skills: reading, writing, and arithmetic. The word "write" here refers to the general ability to write, i.e., to form letters and words. Considering the senses:

- Sense 1: produce a literary work (too specific, implies composing poems/novels)
- Sense 2: communicate or express by writing (general, but example is about writing letters)
- Sense 3: have work published (not relevant)
- Sense 4: communicate in writing (drop a line, too specific)
- Sense 5: communicate by letter (too specific)
- Sense 6: write music (no)
- Sense 7: mark or trace on a surface (this is about the physical act of writing, e.g., writing characters; fits teaching children to form letters)
- Sense 8: record data on computer (no)
- Sense 9: write or name letters, spell (part of writing, but not the whole skill)
- Sense 10: create code (no)

The phrase "read, write, and reckon" is a traditional expression for basic education. "Write" here means the ability to write by hand, forming letters and words. That aligns with sense 7: "mark or trace on a surface". The example "The artist wrote Chinese characters" demonstrates marking characters, which is what children learn. Sense 7 is the most appropriate.

Thus, answer: {"sense_index": 7}

format: unknown

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reckon
Target surface form: reckon
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and <t>reckon</t>? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reckon%2:31:02:: | definition=expect, believe, or suppose | synonyms=think, opine, suppose, imagine, guess | examples=I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel; I thought to find her in a bad state
2. sense_key=reckon%2:31:03:: | definition=judge to be probable | synonyms=calculate, estimate, count on, figure, forecast
3. sense_key=reckon%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=see, consider, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
4. sense_key=reckon%2:31:01:: | definition=make a mathematical calculation or computation | synonyms=calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, figure
5. sense_key=reckon%2:31:05:: | definition=have faith or confidence in | synonyms=count, bet, depend, look, calculate | examples=you can count on me to help you any time; Look to your friends for support
6. sense_key=reckon%2:31:13:: | definition=take account of | synonyms=count | examples=You have to reckon with our opponents; Count on the monsoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "reckon" in the context: "Why can not we teach our children to read, write and reckon?" The sentence is about teaching basic skills: reading, writing, and arithmetic. "Reckon" here means to perform calculations, i.e., arithmetic. So sense 4: "make a mathematical calculation or computation" fits. The synonyms include calculate, compute. The other senses are about believing or judging. So answer: {"sense_index": 4}.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not <t>know</t> how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the sentence: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not <t>know</t> how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to." The target word is "know" in the phrase "we do not know how to". The context is about teaching children basic skills like reading, writing, and arithmetic. The phrase "know how to" is explicitly used. In WordNet, sense 2 is "know how to do or perform something" with example "She knows how to knit". This matches exactly the usage here. So the best sense is index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: want
Target surface form: want
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not <t>want</t> to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=want%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room
2. sense_key=want%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=want%2:35:00:: | definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you
4. sense_key=want%2:31:01:: | definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!
5. sense_key=want%2:42:01:: | definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for 'want' in the context: "It's that we do not <t>want</t> to." The context is about not wanting to teach children effectively. The sentence structure: "we do not want to" implies a desire or lack thereof. Sense 1: feel or have a desire for; want strongly. That fits: they do not desire to do it. Sense 2: have need of - not fitting because it's not about needing. Sense 3: hunt or look for - no. Sense 4: wish or demand the presence - no. Sense 5: be without, lack - could be "lack the will" but the phrasing "want to" is about desire. So sense 1 is best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reason
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the <t>reason</t> we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to choose the best sense for "reason" in the given context. The sentence: "And the <t>reason</t> we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs..." This is explaining why we do not want to: it's a cause or motive. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. "a rational motive for a belief or action" - synonyms: ground. Example: "the reason that war was declared". This fits: the reason is a motive for not wanting to.

2. "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon" - example about steady state. This is more scientific explanation.

3. "the capacity for rational thought" - not relevant.

4. "the state of having good sense" - not relevant.

5. "a justification for something existing or happening" - synonyms: cause, grounds. Example: "they had good reason to rejoice". This is also similar, but note that sense 1 is "rational motive" and sense 5 is "justification". The context says "the reason we do not want to is that..." which is a motive/justification. Both could work, but sense 1 explicitly mentions "motive for a belief or action" which matches the action of not wanting to. Sense 5 is "justification for something existing or happening" - also plausible. However, note that sense 1 has the synonym "ground" and example about war declaration, which is a motive. Sense 5 has "cause" and example about rejoicing. In the context, it's a reason as a cause for not wanting to. I lean towards sense 1 because it's specifically a rational motive. But let's see sense 6: "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion" - that could also fit, but it's more about logical justification. The context is about a reason as an explanation for an attitude. I think sense 1 is best.

Also note that the context uses "the reason" as a noun referring to the cause. So I'll choose sense index 1.

Thus output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: want
Target surface form: want
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not <t>want</t> to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=want%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room
2. sense_key=want%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=want%2:35:00:: | definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you
4. sense_key=want%2:31:01:: | definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!
5. sense_key=want%2:42:01:: | definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a sentence: "It's that we do not want to." The context is about not wanting to teach children effectively because it would require relinquishing beliefs. The target surface form is "want" in the phrase "do not want to". This clearly indicates a desire or lack thereof. The sense that fits best is the first one: "feel or have a desire for; want strongly". The example "I want to go home now" matches the structure "do not want to". Other senses like need, hunt, demand, or lack do not fit. So sense_index=1.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effective
Target surface form: effective
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that <t>effective</t> education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effective%3:00:00:: | definition=producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; -LewisMumford | synonyms=effectual, efficacious | examples=an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation; effective teaching methods
2. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively; -G.B.Shaw | synonyms=efficient | examples=people who will do nothing unless they get something out of it for themselves are often highly effective persons...; effective personnel
3. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00 | definition=works well as a means or remedy | examples=an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat
4. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
5. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:actual:00 | definition=existing in fact; not theoretical; real | examples=a decline in the effective demand; confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done
6. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=ready for service | examples=the fort was held by about 100 effective soldiers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to perform WSD on the word "effective" in the given context. The context discusses why we don't teach children effectively, and it says "effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs..." So the meaning is about education that produces the intended result, i.e., good teaching that works. This aligns with sense 1: "producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect." The example includes "effective teaching methods." Sense 2 is about able to accomplish a purpose, functioning effectively, but it's more about people being effective. Sense 3 is about works well as a means or remedy, more like a lotion. Sense 4 is about exerting force or influence, like a law. Sense 5 is existing in fact. Sense 6 is ready for service like soldiers. So sense 1 is the best match.

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective <t>education</t> would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a context where the target word is "education". The context discusses teaching children to read, write, and reckon, and mentions that effective education would require relinquishing metaphysical beliefs and violating vested interests. The focus is on the process of educating or instructing, not on the profession, the department, or the result of upbringing. The phrase "effective education" suggests the activities or process of educating. Among the senses, sense 1 is about the activities of educating or instructing. Sense 3 is about the gradual process of acquiring knowledge. The context emphasizes teaching and instruction, so sense 1 seems more appropriate. However, sense 3 also mentions "education is a preparation for life", which fits the broader idea. But the context specifically says "effective education would require us to relinquish..." which implies the process of educating. The examples for sense 1 include "he received no formal education" which aligns with the idea of teaching. Sense 2 is knowledge acquired, which is not the focus here. Sense 4 is the profession, sense 5 is upbringing, sense 6 is the department. So the best is sense 1. But let's double-check: the context says "effective education" as in the act of educating. So I'll go with sense 1.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: require
Target surface form: require
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would <t>require</t> us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=require%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=require%2:32:01:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, expect | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
3. sense_key=require%2:32:00:: | definition=make someone do something | synonyms=command
4. sense_key=require%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, need | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "require" in a specific context. The context discusses that effective education would "require" us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs. The sense here is that effective education would make it necessary for us to do something (relinquish beliefs). Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=require%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work. This sense seems to be about something being necessary or needed, but it is more about a condition or necessity. In the context, effective education would require us to relinquish beliefs. This fits with "necessitate" or "involve". However, let's see the other senses.

2. sense_key=require%2:32:01:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, expect | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children? This sense is about expecting or demanding something from someone. In the context, it says "require us to relinquish" which could be seen as expecting us to do that. But the synonyms "ask" and "expect" seem more like a request, while the context is more about necessity.

3. sense_key=require%2:32:00:: | definition=make someone do something | synonyms=command. This sense is about compelling or commanding. The context is about effective education making it necessary for us to do something, which is akin to making us do it. But note the synonym "command" might be too strong.

4. sense_key=require%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, need | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner. This sense is about needing something, but it is more about having a need for something (object). In the context, it is not that education has a need for us to relinquish; rather, it necessitates that we do so.

The best fit is sense 1 or sense 3. Sense 1's definition "require as useful, just, or proper" and examples "success usually requires hard work" align well. The context says effective education would require us to relinquish beliefs. It is a necessary condition. Sense 3 "make someone do something" also fits but might imply more direct compulsion. However, the context is more about a necessary condition.

Given the examples, sense 1 is often used with inanimate subjects (e.g., "success requires hard work") which matches "effective education would require us to...". Sense 2 is more about expecting from a person (like a boss expects). Sense 3 is about commanding, which is stronger.

Thus, sense 1 seems most appropriate.

The answer should be a JSON with sense_index. Sense indices are given as 1,2,3,4. So answer: {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: relinquish
Target surface form: relinquish
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to <t>relinquish</t> some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=relinquish%2:40:01:: | definition=part with a possession or right | synonyms=release, resign, free, give up | examples=I am relinquishing my bedroom to the long-term house guest; resign a claim to the throne
2. sense_key=relinquish%2:41:00:: | definition=do without or cease to hold or adhere to | synonyms=waive, forgo, forego, foreswear, dispense with | examples=We are dispensing with formalities; relinquish the old ideas
3. sense_key=relinquish%2:40:00:: | definition=turn away from; give up | synonyms=foreswear, renounce, quit | examples=I am foreswearing women forever
4. sense_key=relinquish%2:35:02:: | definition=release, as from one's grip | synonyms=let go of, let go, release | examples=Let go of the door handle, please!; relinquish your grip on the rope--you won't fall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to choose the best WordNet sense for "relinquish" in the given context. The context: "effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature..." The target word is used with the meaning of giving up or abandoning beliefs. Sense 2: "do without or cease to hold or adhere to" with synonyms waive, forgo, forego, foreswear, dispense with, and example "relinquish the old ideas" fits perfectly. Sense 1 is about parting with a possession or right. Sense 3 is about turning away from; giving up (foreswear, renounce, quit) but the example "I am foreswearing women forever" is different. Sense 4 is about releasing from one's grip. The context clearly indicates giving up beliefs, which aligns with sense 2. So answer should be sense_index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: belief
Target surface form: beliefs
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical <t>beliefs</t> about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma 'belief' with surface form 'beliefs' in a context discussing cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature. The two candidate senses are:

1. any cognitive content held as true
2. a vague idea in which some confidence is placed (synonyms: impression, feeling, notion, opinion)

The context mentions "cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature" which are strongly held and are described as dominating educational establishment, media, etc. This suggests these are more than vague impressions; they are considered true by those who hold them. Sense 1 is "any cognitive content held as true" which fits better. Sense 2 is about vague ideas with some confidence, but the context emphasizes strong commitment. So sense 1 is appropriate.

Thus the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: young
Target surface form: young
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of <t>young</t> people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=young%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people
2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=new | examples=new potatoes; young corn
3. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 | definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | synonyms=youthful, vernal | examples=he is young for his age
4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry; the day is still young
5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=not tried or tested by experience | synonyms=unseasoned, untested, untried | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a context about education and children. The target word is "young" in the phrase "the human nature of young people". The context discusses teaching children to read, write, and reckon, and mentions "young people" in particular. The candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=young%3:00:00: | definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people
2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=new | examples=new potatoes; young corn
3. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 | definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | synonyms=youthful, vernal | examples=he is young for his age
4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry; the day is still young
5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=not tried or tested by experience | synonyms=unseasoned, untested, untried | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle

The context clearly refers to "young people" meaning children or adolescents, which is the basic sense of being in an early period of life. Sense 1 directly matches with the example "young people". The other senses are more specific: sense 2 is about crops, sense 3 is about being youthful in appearance or vigor, sense 4 is about early stage of something abstract, sense 5 is about inexperience. The context does not emphasize vigor or inexperience specifically; it's just about young people in general. So sense 1 is the best.

Thus, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young <t>people</t> in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "people" in the given context. The context is about teaching children to read, write, reckon. It says "the human nature of young people in particular". So it's referring to human beings collectively, specifically young human beings. Sense 1 is "(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively" with example "old people" and "there were at least 200 people in the audience". That fits perfectly: young people are a group of human beings (children). Sense 2 is about citizens of a state, not applicable. Sense 3 is about family line, not applicable. Sense 4 is about the common people generally, also not specific. So sense 1 is best.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: violate
Target surface form: violate
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to <t>violate</t> some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=violate%2:42:00:: | definition=fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns | synonyms=go against, break | examples=This sentence violates the rules of syntax
2. sense_key=violate%2:41:00:: | definition=act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises | synonyms=transgress, offend, infract, go against, breach, break | examples=offend all laws of humanity; violate the basic laws or human civilization
3. sense_key=violate%2:35:00:: | definition=destroy | examples=Don't violate my garden; violate my privacy
4. sense_key=violate%2:41:02:: | definition=violate the sacred character of a place or language | synonyms=desecrate, profane, outrage | examples=desecrate a cemetery; violate the sanctity of the church
5. sense_key=violate%2:41:01:: | definition=force (someone) to have sex against their will | synonyms=rape, ravish, assault, dishonor, dishonour, outrage | examples=The woman was raped on her way home at night
6. sense_key=violate%2:35:01:: | definition=destroy and strip of its possession | synonyms=rape, spoil, despoil, plunder | examples=The soldiers raped the beautiful country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "violate" in the context: "effective education would require us to ... violate some cherished vested interests." The context is about giving up or going against vested interests. Sense 2: "act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises" with synonyms like transgress, offend, go against, breach. That fits because violating vested interests means going against them or disregarding them. Sense 1 is about rules or patterns, but "vested interests" are not exactly rules. Sense 3 is "destroy" (don't violate my garden) but here it's more about going against interests, not destroying. Sense 4 is about sacred character, not fitting. Sense 5 is rape, not fitting. Sense 6 is plunder. So sense 2 is best. Thus answer: {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: belief
Target surface form: beliefs
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These <t>beliefs</t> so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are to choose the best sense for "beliefs" in the given context. The context discusses "cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature" and "these beliefs so dominate our educational establishment". This suggests that the beliefs are strongly held and are cognitive content that is considered true (metaphysical beliefs about human nature). The second sense is "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed", with synonyms like impression, feeling, notion, opinion. But the context describes "cherished" and "dominate", indicating these are not vague ideas but rather deeply held convictions. Also, "metaphysical beliefs" suggests they are about the nature of reality, fitting the first sense "any cognitive content held as true". Therefore, the best sense is the first one. So sense_index should be 1 (since the list is 1-indexed? The candidate senses are listed as 1 and 2, so we return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: so
Target surface form: so
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs <t>so</t> dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "so" in the context: "These beliefs <t>so</t> dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

The structure is "so ... that ...". This indicates a degree or extent. The word "so" is used to emphasize the degree to which the beliefs dominate, leading to a result. This matches sense 7: "(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed" with example "he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells". The context has "so dominate ... that it seems almost blasphemous". So sense 7 is appropriate.

Check other senses: sense 1 is "to a very great extent or degree" but without the "that" structure? Actually sense 1 also has examples like "the idea is so obvious" but not necessarily followed by "that". However, the context explicitly has "that" after "so", which is typical for sense 7. Sense 7 explicitly mentions "usually followed by `that'". So sense 7 is the best.

Thus answer: {"sense_index": 7}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our <t>educational</t> establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma 'educational' in context. The context discusses beliefs dominating the 'educational establishment'. The phrase 'educational establishment' refers to the system or institutions involved in education. This aligns with sense 1: "relating to the process of education". The example given is 'educational psychology'. In contrast, sense 2 is "providing knowledge" as in an educational film. The context is not about a film or providing knowledge in a direct manner; it's about the educational system. Therefore, sense 1 is more appropriate. So answer with sense index 1.