[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: private
Target surface form: private
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of <t>private</t> interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=private%3:00:00:: | definition=confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy | examples=a private place; private discussions
2. sense_key=private%5:00:02:personal:00 | definition=concerning things deeply private and personal | examples=private correspondence; private family matters
3. sense_key=private%5:00:00:personal:00 | definition=concerning one person exclusively | synonyms=individual | examples=we all have individual cars; each room has a private bath
4. sense_key=private%5:00:00:inward:00 | definition=not expressed | synonyms=secret | examples=secret (or private) thoughts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a context where "private" modifies "interest". The phrase is "the pursuit of private interest". This refers to interest that is individual or personal, as opposed to public interest. The context contrasts "private markets" and "public action", and here "private interest" is set against public intervention. So it's about individual, personal interest, not about privacy or secrecy. The best sense is sense 3: "concerning one person exclusively" with synonyms "individual". That fits perfectly. Sense 1 is about privacy/confined to particular persons, which is close but the definition emphasizes providing privacy, not necessarily individual interest. Sense 2 is about deeply personal matters, but "private interest" here is economic/political, not deeply personal. Sense 4 is about not expressed, which doesn't fit. So sense 3 is best.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: interest
Target surface form: interest
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private <t>interest</t>. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=interest%1:09:00:: | definition=a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something | synonyms=involvement | examples=an interest in music
2. sense_key=interest%1:07:01:: | definition=a reason for wanting something done | synonyms=sake | examples=for your sake; died for the sake of his country
3. sense_key=interest%1:07:02:: | definition=the power of attracting or holding one's attention (because it is unusual or exciting etc.) | synonyms=interestingness | examples=they said nothing of great interest; primary colors can add interest to a room
4. sense_key=interest%1:21:00:: | definition=a fixed charge for borrowing money; usually a percentage of the amount borrowed | examples=how much interest do you pay on your mortgage?
5. sense_key=interest%1:21:03:: | definition=(law) a right or legal share of something; a financial involvement with something | synonyms=stake | examples=they have interests all over the world; a stake in the company's future
6. sense_key=interest%1:14:00:: | definition=(usually plural) a social group whose members control some field of activity and who have common aims | synonyms=interest group | examples=the iron interests stepped up production
7. sense_key=interest%1:04:01:: | definition=a diversion that occupies one's time and thoughts (usually pleasantly) | synonyms=pastime, pursuit | examples=sailing is her favorite pastime; his main pastime is gambling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "interest" in the context: "the pursuit of private <t>interest</t>". The context discusses voters choosing between Republican and Democratic brands, and mentions "private interest" likely meaning personal gain or advantage. Among the senses: 1 is concern/curiosity, 2 is reason for wanting something done (sake), 3 is interestingness, 4 is financial charge, 5 is legal/financial stake, 6 is social group, 7 is pastime. "Private interest" often means personal benefit or self-interest. Sense 2 ("a reason for wanting something done" with synonym "sake") fits well: for one's own sake, private interest. Also sense 5 (stake) could fit but more legal/financial. The context is about political theory, "private interest" as a motive. Sense 2 seems best. Sense 1 is about curiosity, not fitting. Sense 3 is about attraction. Sense 4 is monetary charge. Sense 6 is group. Sense 7 is hobby. So answer sense_index 2.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Io Net

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: representative
Target surface form: representatives
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional <t>representatives</t> have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=representative%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who represents others
2. sense_key=representative%1:18:02:: | definition=an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose | synonyms=spokesperson, interpreter, voice | examples=the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government
3. sense_key=representative%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the United States House of Representatives | synonyms=congressman, congresswoman
4. sense_key=representative%1:09:00:: | definition=an item of information that is typical of a class or group | synonyms=example, illustration, instance | examples=this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome; there is an example on page 10

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "representatives" in the context: "Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities..." The context clearly refers to members of the U.S. Congress, specifically the House of Representatives. Sense 3 is "a member of the United States House of Representatives" with synonyms congressman, congresswoman. That matches perfectly. The other senses are too general or refer to other types of representatives. So answer is sense index 3.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: have
Target surface form: have
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives <t>have</t> two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=have%2:40:00:: | definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | synonyms=have got, hold | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank; He has got two beautiful daughters
2. sense_key=have%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a feature | synonyms=feature | examples=This restaurant features the most famous chefs in France
3. sense_key=have%2:39:06:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, get | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo
4. sense_key=have%2:40:04:: | definition=have ownership or possession of | synonyms=own, possess | examples=He owns three houses in Florida; How many cars does she have?
5. sense_key=have%2:30:00:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=get, let | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
6. sense_key=have%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, take | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
7. sense_key=have%2:41:00:: | definition=have a personal or business relationship with someone | examples=have a postdoc; have an assistant
8. sense_key=have%2:36:00:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, make, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
9. sense_key=have%2:40:01:: | definition=have left | examples=I have two years left; I don't have any money left
10. sense_key=have%2:42:12:: | definition=be confronted with | examples=What do we have here?; Now we have a fine mess
11. sense_key=have%2:30:01:: | definition=undergo | synonyms=experience | examples=The stocks had a fast run-up
12. sense_key=have%2:29:02:: | definition=suffer from; be ill with | examples=She has arthritis
13. sense_key=have%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, get, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
14. sense_key=have%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, take | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
15. sense_key=have%2:40:03:: | definition=get something; come into possession of | synonyms=receive | examples=receive payment; receive a gift
16. sense_key=have%2:29:05:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, get | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
17. sense_key=have%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=get, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
18. sense_key=have%2:29:00:: | definition=cause to be born | synonyms=give birth, deliver, bear, birth | examples=My wife had twins yesterday!
19. sense_key=have%2:35:00:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=take | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma "have" in the context: "Congressional representatives <t>have</t> two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues ... and attending to local issues ...". The word "have" here means they possess or are characterized by having these responsibilities. It is not about ownership, consumption, causing, etc. The best sense is likely sense 1: "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense" with synonyms "have got, hold". The responsibilities are abstract possessions. Sense 2 "have as a feature" could also fit, but sense 1 is more general and fits the context of possessing responsibilities. Sense 4 is about ownership of property, not abstract. So sense 1 is best.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: responsibility
Target surface form: responsibilities
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic <t>responsibilities</t> while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=responsibility%1:04:00:: | definition=the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; ; - John D.Rockefeller Jr | synonyms=duty, obligation | examples=we must instill a sense of duty in our children; every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty
2. sense_key=responsibility%1:26:00:: | definition=the proper sphere or extent of your activities | synonyms=province | examples=it was his province to take care of himself
3. sense_key=responsibility%1:07:00:: | definition=a form of trustworthiness; the trait of being answerable to someone for something or being responsible for one's conduct | synonyms=responsibleness | examples=he holds a position of great responsibility

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "responsibilities" in the context. The sentence: "Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues ... and attending to local issues." The responsibilities are duties or obligations that come with the role. Sense 1: duty, obligation. Sense 2: province (sphere of activities). Sense 3: trustworthiness. The context clearly refers to the duties they must perform. So sense 1 is best.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vote
Target surface form: voting
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while <t>voting</t> in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vote%2:41:13:: | definition=express one's preference for a candidate or for a measure or resolution; cast a vote | examples=He voted for the motion; None of the Democrats voted last night
2. sense_key=vote%2:41:10:: | definition=express one's choice or preference by vote | examples=vote the Democratic ticket
3. sense_key=vote%2:41:11:: | definition=express a choice or opinion | examples=I vote that we all go home; She voted for going to the Chinese restaurant
4. sense_key=vote%2:41:09:: | definition=be guided by in voting | examples=vote one's conscience
5. sense_key=vote%2:41:12:: | definition=bring into existence or make available by vote | examples=They voted aid for the underdeveloped countries in Asia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "voting" in the context. The target surface form is "voting", and it appears in the phrase "while <t>voting</t> in office". The context describes congressional representatives having two responsibilities while voting in office: dealing with national issues (casting roll call votes) and attending to local issues. This refers to the act of casting votes on legislation. Sense 1 is "express one's preference for a candidate or for a measure or resolution; cast a vote". That seems most appropriate. Sense 2 is "express one's choice or preference by vote" with example "vote the Democratic ticket" which is more about voting for a party. Sense 3 is "express a choice or opinion" like "I vote that we all go home" which is informal. Sense 4 is "be guided by in voting" like "vote one's conscience". Sense 5 is "bring into existence or make available by vote" like "vote aid". The context is about casting roll call votes on legislation, which is exactly sense 1. So answer is sense_index 1.

provider: Morph


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: office
Target surface form: office
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in <t>office</t> -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=office%1:06:00:: | definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | synonyms=business office | examples=he rented an office in the new building
2. sense_key=office%1:14:01:: | definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau
3. sense_key=office%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. sense_key=office%1:26:00:: | definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office
5. sense_key=office%1:14:00:: | definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | synonyms=office staff | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
6. sense_key=office%1:04:00:: | definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
7. sense_key=office%1:04:02:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, spot, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target word "office" in the context: "Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in <t>office</t> -- dealing with national issues ... and attending to local issues ...". The phrase "voting in office" refers to being in a position of power or holding an official position. The candidate senses include sense 4: "(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power" with synonyms "power" and examples "being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office". This fits the context where representatives are voting while in office. Sense 7 is "a job in an organization" but that is more generic. Sense 3 is "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group" which could be related but the phrase "voting in office" specifically indicates they are holding the office. Therefore, sense 4 is the best. So the answer is {"sense_index": 4}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: dealing
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- <t>dealing</t> with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%2:32:08:: | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, treat, handle, plow, address | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization
2. sense_key=deal%2:31:10:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, take, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
3. sense_key=deal%2:41:09:: | definition=take action with respect to (someone or something) | examples=How are we going to deal with this problem?; The teacher knew how to deal with these lazy students
4. sense_key=deal%2:41:00:: | definition=come to terms with | synonyms=cope, get by, make out, make do, contend, grapple | examples=We got by on just a gallon of gas; They made do on half a loaf of bread every day
5. sense_key=deal%2:40:01:: | definition=administer or bestow, as in small portions | synonyms=distribute, administer, mete out, parcel out, lot, dispense | examples=administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money
6. sense_key=deal%2:40:00:: | definition=do business; offer for sale as for one's livelihood | synonyms=sell, trade | examples=She deals in gold; The brothers sell shoes
7. sense_key=deal%2:41:13:: | definition=be in charge of, act on, or dispose of | synonyms=manage, care, handle | examples=I can deal with this crew of workers; This blender can't handle nuts
8. sense_key=deal%2:41:04:: | definition=behave in a certain way towards others | examples=He deals fairly with his employees
9. sense_key=deal%2:40:02:: | definition=distribute cards to the players in a game | examples=Who's dealing?
10. sense_key=deal%2:41:02:: | definition=direct the course of; manage or control | synonyms=conduct, carry on | examples=You cannot conduct business like this
11. sense_key=deal%2:40:07:: | definition=give out as one's portion or share | synonyms=share, divvy up, portion out, apportion
12. sense_key=deal%2:40:06:: | definition=give (a specific card) to a player | examples=He dealt me the Queen of Spades
13. sense_key=deal%2:40:11:: | definition=sell | examples=deal hashish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to select the best sense for "dealing" in the context: "Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- <t>dealing</t> with national issues ... and attending to local issues". The phrase "dealing with national issues" suggests handling or addressing those issues. Sense 3 is "take action with respect to (someone or something)" with example "How are we going to deal with this problem?" That fits well. Sense 1 "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression" is about covering a topic, but here it's about handling issues, not just verbal coverage. Sense 7 "be in charge of, act on, or dispose of" also fits but the example "I can deal with this crew of workers" is more about managing people. Sense 3 specifically says "take action with respect to" and the example is about a problem, which matches "national issues". So sense index 3 is best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: national
Target surface form: national
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with <t>national</t> issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=national%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero; national anthem
2. sense_key=national%3:00:00:: | definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy
3. sense_key=national%3:00:01:: | definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government; national elections
4. sense_key=national%5:00:00:public:00 | definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
5. sense_key=national%5:00:00:domestic:00 | definition=inside the country | synonyms=home, interior, internal | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior; the nation's internal politics
6. sense_key=national%3:01:02:: | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
7. sense_key=national%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to pick the best sense for "national" in the phrase "national issues" in the context: "Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues". The phrase "national issues" is contrasted with "local issues". The description says "programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large". This implies issues that affect the entire nation, not just a locality. Sense 3 says "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country" with examples "the national government; national elections". Sense 1 says "of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country" which is broader. Sense 2 says "limited to or in the interests of a particular nation" (as opposed to international). Sense 4 is about national parks, sense 5 is about inside the country, sense 6 is about characteristic of people, sense 7 about nationality. The context clearly indicates issues that apply to the entire nation. Thus sense 3 is best.

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: issue
Target surface form: issues
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national <t>issues</t> -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues
2. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
3. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
4. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
5. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: | definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
6. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
7. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
8. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: | definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: | definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
11. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "issue" with surface form "issues". The context is about political theory, specifically about congressional representatives dealing with national issues and local issues. The sentence says: "Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national <t>issues</t> -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-."

Here "issues" clearly means important questions or matters that are in dispute and need to be settled, especially political matters. The context contrasts "national issues" with "local issues". This matches sense 1: "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled". The examples include "politicians never discuss the real issues". Also sense 3: "some situation or event that is thought about" with synonyms topic, subject, matter. That is broader, but the context specifically says "national issues" and "local issues" as matters of dispute or policy. The first sense is more specific to disputes that need settlement, which fits the political context. The second sense is about periodicals, not relevant. The third sense is more general. Given the political context and the idea of debate and legislation, sense 1 is the best.

Thus, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: action
Target surface form: actions
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic <t>actions</t> such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: | definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
2. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: | definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea
4. sense_key=action%1:22:00:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
5. sense_key=action%1:10:00:: | definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
6. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
7. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: | definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
8. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: | definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
9. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: | definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
10. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: | definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to choose the best sense for "actions" in the context. The target surface form is "actions" and it appears in the phrase: "programmatic <t>actions</t> such as casting roll call votes on legislation...". This refers to actions taken by congressional representatives. The context is about political actions, specifically legislative actions. Looking at candidate senses:

1. something done (as opposed to said) – broad, could fit.
2. state of being active – not fitting.
3. military engagement – no.
4. natural process – no.
5. series of events in a plot – no.
6. trait of being energetic – no.
7. operating part of mechanism – no.
8. legal action – could be, but "casting roll call votes" is legislative, not necessarily a lawsuit.
9. an act by a government body or supranational organization – this seems very fitting. The actions are by congressional representatives, which are a government body. The example mentions "recent federal action" and "United Nations". This sense is specifically about governmental actions.
10. most important work – not as specific.

Sense 9 is best: "an act by a government body or supranational organization". The context describes programmatic actions like casting roll call votes on legislation, which are acts by a government body (Congress). Therefore, answer sense index 9.

Return JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cast
Target surface form: casting
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as <t>casting</t> roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cast%2:36:02:: | definition=put or send forth | synonyms=project, contrive, throw | examples=She threw the flashlight beam into the corner; The setting sun threw long shadows
2. sense_key=cast%2:40:13:: | definition=deposit | examples=cast a vote; cast a ballot
3. sense_key=cast%2:36:01:: | definition=select to play,sing, or dance a part in a play, movie, musical, opera, or ballet | examples=He cast a young woman in the role of Desdemona
4. sense_key=cast%2:35:00:: | definition=throw forcefully | synonyms=hurl, hurtle
5. sense_key=cast%2:41:14:: | definition=assign the roles of (a movie or a play) to actors | examples=Who cast this beautiful movie?
6. sense_key=cast%2:38:01:: | definition=move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment | synonyms=roll, wander, swan, stray, tramp, roam | examples=The gypsies roamed the woods; roving vagabonds
7. sense_key=cast%2:36:00:: | definition=form by pouring (e.g., wax or hot metal) into a cast or mold | synonyms=mold, mould | examples=cast a bronze sculpture
8. sense_key=cast%2:35:01:: | definition=get rid of | synonyms=shed, cast off, shake off, throw, throw off, throw away | examples=he shed his image as a pushy boss; shed your clothes
9. sense_key=cast%2:33:00:: | definition=choose at random | synonyms=draw | examples=draw a card; cast lots
10. sense_key=cast%2:32:00:: | definition=formulate in a particular style or language | synonyms=frame, redact, put, couch | examples=I wouldn't put it that way; She cast her request in very polite language
11. sense_key=cast%2:29:00:: | definition=eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth | synonyms=vomit, vomit up, purge, sick, cat, be sick | examples=After drinking too much, the students vomited; He purged continuously

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given: "casting roll call votes on legislation". The target word is "casting". This is about casting votes. In WordNet sense 2: "deposit" with examples "cast a vote; cast a ballot". That matches perfectly. So sense_index is 2.

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vote
Target surface form: votes
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call <t>votes</t> on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: | definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: | definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: | definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: | definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "vote" with surface form "votes" in context. The context is about congressional representatives voting on legislation, specifically "casting roll call votes on legislation". The word "votes" here refers to the individual choices made by representatives on legislation. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: | definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person

This sense fits well: "casting roll call votes" means each representative makes a choice, and these are counted. The example "there were only 17 votes in favor" matches the context of roll call votes.

2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: | definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote

This is more about the collective opinion or the process, not the individual choices. The context mentions "casting roll call votes" which are individual votes, not the group opinion.

3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: | definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment... | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920

This is about the right to vote, not the act of voting or the individual votes. Not relevant.

4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote

This is about a demographic group of voters. Not relevant.

5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: | definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

This is about turnout or total count, not individual votes.

Thus, sense 1 is the best fit. The context explicitly says "casting roll call votes", which are individual choices. So the answer is sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: legislation
Target surface form: legislation
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on <t>legislation</t> that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=legislation%1:10:00:: | definition=law enacted by a legislative body | synonyms=statute law
2. sense_key=legislation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making or enacting laws | synonyms=legislating, lawmaking

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose between sense 1 (law enacted) and sense 2 (the act of making laws). The context: "casting roll call votes on <t>legislation</t> that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large". This refers to the actual laws being voted on, not the process of making laws. So sense 1 is appropriate. Output JSON with sense_index 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: impose
Target surface form: imposes
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that <t>imposes</t> costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=impose%2:41:00:: | definition=compel to behave in a certain way | synonyms=enforce | examples=Social relations impose courtesy
2. sense_key=impose%2:32:00:: | definition=impose something unpleasant | synonyms=inflict, bring down, visit | examples=The principal visited his rage on the students
3. sense_key=impose%2:40:00:: | definition=impose and collect | synonyms=levy | examples=levy a fine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: {"sense_index": 3"}

content: {"sense_index": 3"}

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "imposes" in context: "casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large". We need to choose the best sense from the three candidates.

Sense 1: "compel to behave in a certain way" - synonyms: enforce. Example: "Social relations impose courtesy". This sense suggests forcing a behavior. In context, legislation that imposes costs - costs are not a behavior, but a burden. Not a perfect fit.

Sense 2: "impose something unpleasant" - synonyms: inflict, bring down, visit. Example: "The principal visited his rage on the students". This sense involves inflicting something unpleasant. Costs are unpleasant, and legislation can inflict costs. This could be appropriate.

Sense 3: "impose and collect" - synonyms: levy. Example: "levy a fine". This sense is about imposing a tax or fee. Imposing costs could be like levying a tax or fine. However, "costs" here is broader, not necessarily a formal levy. But it fits well because legislation often imposes taxes or fees.

The context is about legislation imposing costs and conferring benefits. This is a typical economic/policy usage. The word "levy" is a synonym for imposing taxes. Sense 3 seems most specific to taxation or collection. Sense 2 is more about inflicting punishment or something unpleasant in a general sense. Since "costs" are a financial burden, sense 3 (levy) is more precise. Also, note the example "levy a fine" parallels "imposes costs". Therefore, sense 3 is best.

Thus, the answer should be {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: impose
Target surface form: imposes
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that <t>imposes</t> costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=impose%2:41:00:: | definition=compel to behave in a certain way | synonyms=enforce | examples=Social relations impose courtesy
2. sense_key=impose%2:32:00:: | definition=impose something unpleasant | synonyms=inflict, bring down, visit | examples=The principal visited his rage on the students
3. sense_key=impose%2:40:00:: | definition=impose and collect | synonyms=levy | examples=levy a fine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 3"}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 3. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
We need to choose the best sense for "imposes" in the context: "casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large". The candidate senses:
1. compel to behave in a certain way (enforce)
2. impose something unpleasant (inflict)
3. impose and collect (levy)

The context is about legislation that imposes costs. That sounds like levying costs or taxes. Sense 3 fits well: "impose and collect" with example "levy a fine". Also, sense 2 is about imposing something unpleasant, but "costs" can be unpleasant, but the more specific sense here is about collecting or imposing costs. The legislation imposes costs, meaning it places a financial burden. That aligns with sense 3 (levy). Sense 1 is about compelling behavior, not directly about costs. So sense index 3 is best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cost
Target surface form: costs
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes <t>costs</t> and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cost%1:21:00:: | definition=the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor
2. sense_key=cost%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold) | synonyms=monetary value, price | examples=the fluctuating monetary value of gold and silver; he puts a high price on his services
3. sense_key=cost%1:07:01:: | definition=value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something | synonyms=price, toll | examples=the cost in human life was enormous; the price of success is hard work

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are asked to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "cost" in the given context. The target surface form is "costs" (plural). The context is about congressional representatives dealing with national issues, such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large.

We have three candidate senses:
1. cost%1:21:00:: - "the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor"
2. cost%1:07:00:: - "the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold)" synonyms: monetary value, price
3. cost%1:07:01:: - "value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something" synonyms: price, toll; examples: "the cost in human life was enormous; the price of success is hard work"

In the context, "costs" is used in a legislative sense: legislation imposes costs on the population. This is not about the total spent on goods/services (sense 1) nor about material worth or monetary value (sense 2). Rather, it's about the burden or the price that must be paid, possibly including non-monetary costs. Sense 3 captures that: "value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something" - legislation can impose costs in terms of money, effort, or other sacrifices. The example "the cost in human life was enormous" shows that cost can be non-monetary. This fits the context of imposing costs on the population through legislation. Therefore, sense 3 is the best.

Thus, the answer should be {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: confer
Target surface form: confers
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or <t>confers</t> benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=confer%2:32:00:: | definition=have a conference in order to talk something over | synonyms=confabulate, confab, consult | examples=We conferred about a plan of action
2. sense_key=confer%2:40:00:: | definition=present | synonyms=bestow | examples=The university conferred a degree on its most famous former student, who never graduated; bestow an honor on someone

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose between sense 1 (conference/talk) and sense 2 (present/bestow). The context: "casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large". Here "confers" means gives or bestows benefits. So sense 2 is correct. Answer: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: benefit
Target surface form: benefits
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers <t>benefits</t> on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=benefit%1:21:00:: | definition=financial assistance in time of need
2. sense_key=benefit%1:07:00:: | definition=something that aids or promotes well-being | synonyms=welfare | examples=for the benefit of all
3. sense_key=benefit%1:10:00:: | definition=a performance to raise money for a charitable cause

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "benefits" in the context. The sentence: "casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large". Here "benefits" refers to advantages or positive outcomes for the population, not specifically financial assistance or a performance. So sense 2 (something that aids or promotes well-being) fits best. Sense 1 is financial assistance in time of need, but that's more specific like welfare benefits. Sense 3 is a performance. So answer is sense 2.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: population
Target surface form: population
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the <t>population</t> at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=population%1:14:00:: | definition=the people who inhabit a territory or state | examples=the population seemed to be well fed and clothed
2. sense_key=population%1:14:01:: | definition=a group of organisms of the same species inhabiting a given area | examples=they hired hunters to keep down the deer population
3. sense_key=population%1:09:00:: | definition=(statistics) the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn | synonyms=universe | examples=it is an estimate of the mean of the population
4. sense_key=population%1:23:00:: | definition=the number of inhabitants (either the total number or the number of a particular race or class) in a given place (country or city etc.) | examples=people come and go, but the population of this town has remained approximately constant for the past decade; the African-American population of Salt Lake City has been increasing
5. sense_key=population%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of populating (causing to live in a place) | examples=he deplored the population of colonies with convicted criminals

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: {"sense_index": 1"}

content: {"sense_index": 1"}

reasoning_content: We are given a context: "dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the <t>population</t> at large -RRB-". The word "population" here refers to the group of people in a country or state. Specifically, it's about the population at large, meaning the general public or inhabitants of a territory. That matches sense 1: "the people who inhabit a territory or state". Sense 2 is about a group of organisms of the same species, which is less relevant. Sense 3 is statistical, but the context is about the general populace, not a statistical sample. Sense 4 is about the number of inhabitants, but the phrase "population at large" suggests the people themselves, not just the count. Sense 5 is about the act of populating, which is not appropriate. So the best is sense 1. However, note that the sense keys are given as 1-5. The first sense is "population%1:14:00::" with index 1. So answer {"sense_index": 1}. But we need to output the index number, not the sense key. The instruction says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}". So we need to output the numeric index. For "population", the first sense is index 1. But check: The candidate senses are listed as 1. sense_key=..., 2. ..., etc. So sense_index 1 corresponds to the first. So answer {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Wafer


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: population
Target surface form: population
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the <t>population</t> at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=population%1:14:00:: | definition=the people who inhabit a territory or state | examples=the population seemed to be well fed and clothed
2. sense_key=population%1:14:01:: | definition=a group of organisms of the same species inhabiting a given area | examples=they hired hunters to keep down the deer population
3. sense_key=population%1:09:00:: | definition=(statistics) the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn | synonyms=universe | examples=it is an estimate of the mean of the population
4. sense_key=population%1:23:00:: | definition=the number of inhabitants (either the total number or the number of a particular race or class) in a given place (country or city etc.) | examples=people come and go, but the population of this town has remained approximately constant for the past decade; the African-American population of Salt Lake City has been increasing
5. sense_key=population%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of populating (causing to live in a place) | examples=he deplored the population of colonies with convicted criminals

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 1"}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 5. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "population" in context. The context: "casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large". This refers to the people who inhabit a territory or state. Sense 1 is "the people who inhabit a territory or state". Sense 4 is "the number of inhabitants". Here it's about benefits to the population, meaning the people, not the number. So sense 1 is best.

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attend_to
Target surface form: attending
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and <t>attending</t> to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attend_to%2:31:00:: | definition=get down to; pay attention to; take seriously | synonyms=take to heart | examples=Attend to your duties, please
2. sense_key=attend_to%2:41:01:: | definition=work for or be a servant to | synonyms=serve, wait on, attend, assist | examples=May I serve you?; She attends the old lady in the wheelchair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given target lemma "attend_to" in context: "attending to local issues". The context is about congressional representatives having two responsibilities: dealing with national issues and attending to local issues (constituency service and pork barrel). The two candidate senses are:

1. attend_to%2:31:00:: | definition=get down to; pay attention to; take seriously | synonyms=take to heart | examples=Attend to your duties, please
2. attend_to%2:41:01:: | definition=work for or be a servant to | synonyms=serve, wait on, attend, assist | examples=May I serve you?; She attends the old lady in the wheelchair

Which sense fits "attending to local issues"? The first sense means "pay attention to" or "take seriously", which could apply to dealing with local issues. The second sense means serving someone, like a servant. In context, congressional representatives attend to local issues as part of their duties, not as servants to individuals. They are serving constituents, but the sense of "work for or be a servant to" might be too literal. The gloss "get down to; pay attention to; take seriously" with the example "Attend to your duties" fits well. Also, note that "attend to" in this context is about dealing with issues, not serving people directly. So sense 1 is appropriate. The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to <t>local</t> issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target word "local" in context. The context discusses congressional representatives dealing with national issues and "local issues" such as constituency service and pork barrel. The word is used as an adjective describing issues. The candidate senses are:

1. Relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area. Example: local taxes; local authorities.
2. Of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood. Example: local customs; local schools.
3. Affecting only a restricted part or area of the body. Example: local anesthesia.

Clearly sense 3 is medical, not relevant. Between sense 1 and sense 2: sense 1 emphasizes administrative/political divisions (city/town/district) and is about governance. Sense 2 is more about locality/neighborhood characteristics, not necessarily administrative. In context, "local issues" are contrasted with "national issues" and are about constituency service and pork barrel, which are political and administrative functions at a district level. Therefore sense 1 is more appropriate. So sense_index should be 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: issue
Target surface form: issues
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local <t>issues</t> -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues
2. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
3. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
4. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
5. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: | definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
6. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
7. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
8. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: | definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: | definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
11. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a target lemma "issue" with surface form "issues" in context. The context discusses congressional representatives dealing with "national issues" and "local issues". The target word appears in the phrase "attending to local <t>issues</t>". The senses are listed. We need to choose the best indexed sense.

The context is about responsibilities of congressional representatives: dealing with national issues and attending to local issues. "Issues" here refers to matters or topics that are of concern. Sense 3: "some situation or event that is thought about" with synonyms topic, subject, matter. That seems appropriate. Sense 1 is "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled" which is also about disputes, but the context is about attending to local issues, which could include constituency service and pork barrel, which are more about matters of local concern than necessarily disputes. Sense 3 is broader and fits better with "constituency service and pork barrel" which are topics or matters. Also the example for sense 3: "he kept drifting off the topic" shows it's about a subject. So sense 3 is the best.

Thus answer: {"sense_index":