[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight <t>bells</t>. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "bells" in this context. The context is about church bells and ringers. The bells are physical objects that are rung. Sense 1 is "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" - that fits perfectly. Sense 9 is a set of tuned bells used as an orchestral instrument, but here it's church bells, not an orchestral instrument. Sense 3 is the sound of a bell, but the text mentions "ring the bells" and "bells have fallen silent" referring to the physical objects. So sense 1 is best.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the <t>bells</t> have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma "bell" with surface form "bells" in the context of church bells and ringing. The context discusses ringers, a band of ringers, ringing bells at a church, and a dust-up over church attendance. The specific sentence: "At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent..." This clearly refers to actual physical bells that are rung. Among the candidate senses, sense 1 is "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" - that fits perfectly. Sense 3 is "the sound of a bell being struck" but the context says "the bells have fallen silent" referring to the objects themselves, not the sound. Sense 9 is "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells" but that is more like a chime or carillon; the context is about church bells which are typically large metal bells hung in a tower. So sense 1 is the best. Also note that "bells" is plural, but sense 1 covers that. So answer: sense_index 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: silent
Target surface form: silent
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen <t>silent</t> following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:quiet:01 | definition=marked by absence of sound | synonyms=soundless, still | examples=a silent house; soundless footsteps on the grass
2. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:uncommunicative:00 | definition=failing to speak or communicate etc when expected to | synonyms=mum | examples=the witness remained silent
3. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:implicit:00 | definition=implied by or inferred from actions or statements | synonyms=tacit, understood | examples=gave silent consent; a tacit agreement
4. sense_key=silent%5:00:02:inaudible:00 | definition=not made to sound | synonyms=unsounded | examples=the silent `h' at the beginning of `honor'; in French certain letters are often unsounded
5. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:inaudible:00 | definition=having a frequency below or above the range of human audibility | examples=a silent dog whistle
6. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:inarticulate:00 | definition=unable to speak because of hereditary deafness | synonyms=dumb, mute

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given: "At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen <t>silent</t> following a dust-up over church attendance." The bells have fallen silent means they are no longer making sound. So sense 1 "marked by absence of sound" seems appropriate. Sense 2 is about failing to speak or communicate when expected, but bells are not expected to speak. Sense 3 is about implied consent. Sense 4 is about letters not sounded. Sense 5 is about frequency outside human audibility - not likely. Sense 6 is about inability to speak due to deafness. So sense 1 is best.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: follow
Target surface form: following
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent <t>following</t> a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=follow%2:38:00:: | definition=to travel behind, go after, come after | examples=The ducklings followed their mother around the pond; Please follow the guide through the museum
2. sense_key=follow%2:42:00:: | definition=be later in time | synonyms=postdate | examples=Tuesday always follows Monday
3. sense_key=follow%2:42:05:: | definition=come as a logical consequence; follow logically | synonyms=fall out | examples=It follows that your assertion is false; the theorem falls out nicely
4. sense_key=follow%2:38:01:: | definition=travel along a certain course | synonyms=travel along | examples=follow the road; follow the trail
5. sense_key=follow%2:41:00:: | definition=act in accordance with someone's rules, commands, or wishes | synonyms=comply, abide by | examples=He complied with my instructions; You must comply or else!
6. sense_key=follow%2:42:01:: | definition=come after in time, as a result | synonyms=come after | examples=A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake
7. sense_key=follow%2:30:00:: | definition=behave in accordance or in agreement with | synonyms=conform to | examples=Follow a pattern; Follow my example
8. sense_key=follow%2:42:02:: | definition=be next | examples=Mary plays best, with John and Sue following
9. sense_key=follow%2:40:00:: | definition=choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans | synonyms=adopt, espouse | examples=She followed the feminist movement; The candidate espouses Republican ideals
10. sense_key=follow%2:42:03:: | definition=to bring something about at a later time than | examples=She followed dinner with a brandy; He followed his lecture with a question and answer period
11. sense_key=follow%2:36:00:: | definition=imitate in behavior; take as a model | synonyms=take after | examples=Teenagers follow their friends in everything
12. sense_key=follow%2:31:00:: | definition=follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something | synonyms=trace | examples=We must follow closely the economic development is Cuba; trace the student's progress
13. sense_key=follow%2:41:02:: | definition=follow with the eyes or the mind | synonyms=watch, observe, watch over, keep an eye on | examples=Keep an eye on the baby, please!; The world is watching Sarajevo
14. sense_key=follow%2:41:01:: | definition=be the successor (of) | synonyms=succeed, come after | examples=Carter followed Ford; Will Charles succeed to the throne?
15. sense_key=follow%2:36:01:: | definition=perform an accompaniment to | synonyms=play along, accompany | examples=The orchestra could barely follow the frequent pitch changes of the soprano
16. sense_key=follow%2:30:01:: | definition=keep informed | synonyms=keep up, keep abreast | examples=He kept up on his country's foreign policies
17. sense_key=follow%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=come | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
18. sense_key=follow%2:41:10:: | definition=accept and follow the leadership or command or guidance of | examples=Let's follow our great helmsman!; She followed a guru for years
19. sense_key=follow%2:41:11:: | definition=adhere to or practice | examples=These people still follow the laws of their ancient religion
20. sense_key=follow%2:41:09:: | definition=work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function | synonyms=be | examples=He is a herpetologist; She is our resident philosopher
21. sense_key=follow%2:39:13:: | definition=keep under surveillance | synonyms=surveil, survey | examples=The police had been following him for weeks but they could not prove his involvement in the bombing
22. sense_key=follow%2:38:13:: | definition=follow in or as if in pursuit | synonyms=pursue | examples=The police car pursued the suspected attacker; Her bad deed followed her and haunted her dreams all her life
23. sense_key=follow%2:31:14:: | definition=grasp the meaning | examples=Can you follow her argument?; When he lectures, I cannot follow
24. sense_key=follow%2:30:12:: | definition=keep to | synonyms=stick to, stick with | examples=Stick to your principles; stick to the diet

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the sentence: "At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent <t>following</strong> a dust-up over church attendance." The target word is "following" (the gerund/participle form of "follow"). The context indicates that the bells fell silent after or as a result of a dust-up (dispute). The sense should indicate a temporal sequence or consequence. Among the candidate senses, sense 2 "be later in time" (postdate) fits the temporal meaning, but sense 6 "come after in time, as a result" (come after) seems more precise because it implies causation. The word "following" here means "after" or "as a result of". Check examples: sense 6 example: "A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake" - that is similar: the bells fell silent following a dust-up. Sense 2 example: "Tuesday always follows Monday" is purely temporal without causation. The context "following a dust-up" suggests consequence: the dust-up caused the bells to fall silent. So sense 6 is the best. Sense index 6.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over <t>church</t> attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to choose the best sense for "church" in the context: "a dust-up over church attendance." The phrase "church attendance" refers to attending services or being present at church. The context is about ringers not attending services. The word "church" here is used in the sense of the institution or the service? Let's examine the candidates:

1. Christian church (denomination) - not likely, as it's about attendance at a specific local church.
2. church building - possible, but "attendance" usually means attending services, not just being in the building.
3. church service - "church attendance" commonly means attending church services. The example "don't be late for church" supports this.
4. local church body - "our church is hosting a picnic" refers to the congregation. But "attendance" could also mean being part of the congregation, but more commonly it's about attending services.

The phrase "dust-up over church attendance" means a dispute about attending services. So sense 3 (church service) fits best. Also note the earlier context: "attend services" and "ringers who didn't attend service." So "church attendance" parallels "attend service." Thus sense_index 3.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vicar
Target surface form: vicar
Context:
Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The <t>vicar</t>, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: | definition=a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman
2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: | definition=(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel
3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: | definition=(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given a target word "vicar" in context. The context mentions "the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon" and "the Vicar Hummerstone" and later "the vicar, W.D. Jones" at St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, and "C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church". The context is clearly about Church of England parishes (Great Torrington, Devon; Ilminster, Somerset). The word "vicar" in the Church of England is a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish. This matches sense 3: (Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish. Sense 1 is about a Roman Catholic priest acting for a higher-ranking clergyman, which doesn't fit the Anglican context. Sense 2 is about the Episcopal Church (American branch) clergy in charge of a chapel, but the context is English parishes, not chapels and not the Episcopal Church. So sense 3 is the best.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: refuse
Target surface form: refuses
Context:
Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, <t>refuses</t> to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=refuse%2:32:00:: | definition=show unwillingness towards | synonyms=decline | examples=he declined to join the group on a hike
2. sense_key=refuse%2:40:00:: | definition=refuse to accept | synonyms=reject, pass up, turn down, decline | examples=He refused my offer of hospitality
3. sense_key=refuse%2:42:00:: | definition=elude, especially in a baffling way | synonyms=defy, resist | examples=This behavior defies explanation
4. sense_key=refuse%2:40:01:: | definition=refuse to let have | synonyms=deny | examples=She denies me every pleasure; he denies her her weekly allowance
5. sense_key=refuse%2:42:04:: | definition=resist immunologically the introduction of some foreign tissue or organ | synonyms=resist, reject | examples=His body rejected the liver of the donor
6. sense_key=refuse%2:41:00:: | definition=refuse entrance or membership | synonyms=reject, turn down, turn away | examples=They turned away hundreds of fans; Black people were often rejected by country clubs

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to find the best sense for "refuses" in the context. The vicar "refuses to talk about it". This is an unwillingness to do something, i.e., he shows unwillingness to talk. That matches sense 1: "show unwillingness towards" with synonym "decline". The example: "he declined to join the group on a hike" is similar. The other senses involve rejecting an offer, denying, resisting, etc. Here, he is not accepting an offer; he is declining to talk. So sense 1 is correct.

provider: Io Net


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: talk_about
Target surface form: talk about
Context:
Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to <t>talk about</t> it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=talk_about%2:32:00:: | definition=to consider or examine in speech or writing | synonyms=discourse, discuss | examples=The author talks about the different aspects of this question; The class discussed Dante's `Inferno'
2. sense_key=talk_about%2:32:01:: | definition=discuss or mention | synonyms=talk of | examples=They spoke of many things

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given: "Target lemma: talk_about" and target surface form "talk about". Context: "The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to <t>talk about</t> it, saying it would 'reopen the wound.'" Two candidate senses: sense 1: "to consider or examine in speech or writing" with synonyms discourse, discuss. sense 2: "discuss or mention" with synonyms talk of.

The context: the vicar refuses to talk about it (the dust-up over church attendance). He says it would "reopen the wound." So he is refusing to discuss or mention the matter. Sense 2 includes "mention" and synonyms "talk of". Sense 1 is more formal "consider or examine in speech or writing" which often implies a more thorough discussion. Here, "talk about" is simply mentioning or discussing the topic. The example for sense 2: "They spoke of many things" fits the idea of just mentioning or discussing. The word "mention" is key. So sense 2 seems more appropriate.

Thus the best sense index is 2.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: saying
Context:
Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, <t>saying</t> it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "saying" in the context: "The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would 'reopen the wound.'" The target is the gerund "saying" used as a verb in a participial phrase. The vicar is refusing to talk, and he says that talking would reopen the wound. This is a direct report of what he would say. The sense is expressing words, stating something. Look at senses: 1 is "express in words" (state, tell). 2 is "report or maintain" (allege, aver) - this is often used for claims or allegations. The vicar is not alleging something; he is stating a reason for not talking. Sense 9 is "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" - that could also fit. But sense 1 seems most straightforward: "express in words" with synonyms "state, tell". The example "He said that he wanted to marry her" is similar to "saying it would reopen the wound". Sense 2 often implies a claim that might be contested. Here it's a simple statement. Sense 9 is more about stating opinion - "I say let's forget this whole business" - that is also plausible, but the context is reporting what he says. I think sense 1 is the best. So answer: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vicar
Target surface form: vicar
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, <t>vicar</t> of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: | definition=a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman
2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: | definition=(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel
3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: | definition=(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "vicar" in the given context. The context mentions "vicar of a nearby church" and refers to Church of England (St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset - Somerset is in England). The context also mentions "the vicar, W.D. Jones" and "C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church". This is clearly Church of England. Sense 3 is specifically "(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish". Sense 1 is Roman Catholic, sense 2 is Episcopal Church (which is the American branch of Anglican Communion, but context is England). So sense 3 is best.

provider: WandB


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby <t>church</t>, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to determine the correct sense of "church" in the context. The target surface form is "church" in the phrase "vicar of a nearby church". The sentence: "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs..." The context talks about a church building, a vicar, congregation, bell tower, etc. The word "church" here refers to the physical building or the institution? The vicar is of a nearby church - likely meaning the church building or parish. Let's evaluate senses:

1. Sense 1: one of the groups of Christians (Christian church) - that would be like "the Catholic Church" or "the Methodist church". Here it's "a nearby church" - not a denomination.

2. Sense 2: a place for public (especially Christian) worship - church building. "Vicar of a nearby church" - vicar is typically associated with a specific church building/parish. This seems plausible.

3. Sense 3: a service conducted in a house of worship - "don't be late for church" meaning service. Here it's not about attending service, but about the vicar of a church.

4. Sense 4: the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church - congregation. "Vicar of a nearby church" could also mean the congregation, but typically "vicar of a church" refers to the building/parish.

In the given context, the sentence continues: "feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar." That describes physical aspects of the building. So sense 2 (church building) is the best fit.

Thus answer: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Morph


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: feel
Target surface form: feels
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, <t>feels</t> the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=feel%2:37:00:: | definition=undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind | synonyms=experience | examples=She felt resentful; He felt regret
2. sense_key=feel%2:31:00:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=find | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
3. sense_key=feel%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by a physical sensation, e.g., coming from the skin or muscles | synonyms=sense | examples=He felt the wind; She felt an object brushing her arm
4. sense_key=feel%2:29:00:: | definition=be conscious of a physical, mental, or emotional state | examples=My cold is gone--I feel fine today; She felt tired after the long hike
5. sense_key=feel%2:31:01:: | definition=have a feeling or perception about oneself in reaction to someone's behavior or attitude | examples=She felt small and insignificant; You make me feel naked
6. sense_key=feel%2:39:01:: | definition=undergo passive experience of: | examples=We felt the effects of inflation; her fingers felt their way through the string quartet
7. sense_key=feel%2:42:00:: | definition=be felt or perceived in a certain way | examples=The ground feels shaky; The sheets feel soft
8. sense_key=feel%2:39:10:: | definition=grope or feel in search of something | examples=He felt for his wallet
9. sense_key=feel%2:35:00:: | definition=examine by touch | synonyms=finger | examples=Feel this soft cloth!; The customer fingered the sweater
10. sense_key=feel%2:35:01:: | definition=examine (a body part) by palpation | synonyms=palpate | examples=The nurse palpated the patient's stomach; The runner felt her pulse
11. sense_key=feel%2:40:00:: | definition=find by testing or cautious exploration | examples=He felt his way around the dark room
12. sense_key=feel%2:39:09:: | definition=produce a certain impression | examples=It feels nice to be home again
13. sense_key=feel%2:35:11:: | definition=pass one's hands over the sexual organs of | examples=He felt the girl in the movie theater

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to choose the best sense for "feels" in the context: "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar." Here "feels" means "believes" or "thinks" based on some intuition or emotion. It's not a physical sensation or examination. The candidate senses:
1. undergo an emotional sensation (she felt resentful) - not exactly, he's expressing an opinion.
2. come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds (I feel that he doesn't like me) - this matches: he feels (believes) the fault is in the stairs.
3. perceive by physical sensation - no.
4. be conscious of a physical, mental, or emotional state ("I feel fine") - not quite.
5. have a feeling about oneself in reaction to someone's behavior - no.
6. undergo passive experience of ("felt the effects") - no.
7. be felt or perceived in a certain way ("the ground feels shaky") - no.
8. grope or feel in search - no.
9. examine by touch - no.
10. examine by palpation - no.
11. find by testing - no.
12. produce a certain impression ("it feels nice") - no.
13. pass hands over sexual organs - no.

Thus sense 2 is best. So output {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fault
Target surface form: fault
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the <t>fault</t> is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fault%1:04:00:: | definition=a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention | synonyms=mistake, error | examples=he made a bad mistake; she was quick to point out my errors
2. sense_key=fault%1:26:00:: | definition=an imperfection in an object or machine | synonyms=defect, flaw | examples=a flaw caused the crystal to shatter; if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer
3. sense_key=fault%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being inadequate or falling short of perfection | synonyms=demerit | examples=they discussed the merits and demerits of her novel; he knew his own faults much better than she did
4. sense_key=fault%1:17:00:: | definition=(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other | synonyms=faulting, geological fault, shift, fracture, break | examples=they built it right over a geological fault; he studied the faulting of the earth's crust
5. sense_key=fault%1:11:00:: | definition=(electronics) equipment failure attributable to some defect in a circuit (loose connection or insulation failure or short circuit etc.) | examples=it took much longer to find the fault than to fix it
6. sense_key=fault%1:07:01:: | definition=responsibility for a bad situation or event | examples=it was John's fault
7. sense_key=fault%1:04:01:: | definition=(sports) a serve that is illegal (e.g., that lands outside the prescribed area) | examples=he served too many double faults

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "fault" in the context. The context: "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar." So here, "fault" refers to the cause of a problem or a flaw in the design/location of the stairs. It's not a moral fault or a mistake. It's more like an imperfection or a defect causing inconvenience (noise during prayer). Sense 2: "an imperfection in an object or machine" fits. Also sense 6: "responsibility for a bad situation or event" could be argued, but the sentence says "the fault is in the stairs" – meaning the stairs themselves are the problem, not that someone is to blame. So sense 2 is more literal. Sense 3 is about quality of being inadequate, but that's more abstract. So sense 2 is best.

provider: Alibaba


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: next
Target surface form: next
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located <t>next</t> to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=next%5:00:00:succeeding:00 | definition=immediately following in time or order | synonyms=following | examples=the following day; next in line
2. sense_key=next%5:00:00:close:01 | definition=nearest in space or position; immediately adjoining without intervening space | synonyms=adjacent, side by side | examples=had adjacent rooms; in the next room
3. sense_key=next%5:00:00:incoming:00 | definition=(of elected officers) elected but not yet serving | synonyms=future, succeeding | examples=our next president

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target lemma "next" in context: "...the stairs from the bell tower that are located <t>next</t> to the altar." The context describes a physical location: the stairs are next to the altar. This indicates spatial proximity, not time or order. The candidate senses are:

1. sense_key=next%5:00:00:succeeding:00 | definition=immediately following in time or order | synonyms=following | examples=the following day; next in line
2. sense_key=next%5:00:00:close:01 | definition=nearest in space or position; immediately adjoining without intervening space | synonyms=adjacent, side by side | examples=had adjacent rooms; in the next room
3. sense_key=next%5:00:00:incoming:00 | definition=(of elected officers) elected but not yet serving | synonyms=future, succeeding | examples=our next president

The context is about physical location: "located next to the altar" means adjacent, side by side. This matches sense 2. Sense 1 is about time/order (following in time), and sense 3 is about elected officers not yet serving. So sense 2 is the best.

provider: Wafer


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: altar
Target surface form: altar
Context:
"They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the <t>altar</t>. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=altar%1:06:01:: | definition=the table in Christian churches where communion is given | synonyms=communion table, Lord's table
2. sense_key=altar%1:06:00:: | definition=a raised structure on which gifts or sacrifices to a god are made

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose between sense 1 (Christian church communion table) and sense 2 (raised structure for sacrifices). The context mentions "St. Mary's Church" and "vicar", and the altar is located in a church near the stairs from the bell tower. The discussion is about church attendance and ringers exiting during prayer. This clearly indicates a Christian church setting, so the altar is the communion table. Sense 1 fits better. Therefore, answer with {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: so
Target surface form: So
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "<t>So</t> crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to interpret the target word "so" in the context. The sentence is: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer." The word "So" is used as an introductory word to set up the onomatopoeic sounds that follow. It seems to be used to indicate a result or consequence, or perhaps to introduce a statement. The context: The vicar says "So crunch, crunch, crunch... here come the ringers from above". This is after he has described the situation: the stairs from the bell tower are located next to the altar. So, as a result, when ringers exit, they make noise. So "so" here is used to introduce a logical conclusion or result. That matches sense 9: "(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result" with synonyms therefore, hence, thus. The example: "therefore X must be true". In this case, "so" introduces the sounds that occur as a result of the stairs location. Therefore, sense 9 is the best.

Check other senses: Sense 8 (subsequently) might also fit but it's more temporal sequence. Here it's more causal. So sense 9.

Thus answer: {"sense_index": 9}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: here
Target surface form: here
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- <t>here</t> come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given the target word "here" in the context: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- <t>here</t> come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer," he says.

The word "here" is used in the phrase "here come the ringers". This is an exclamatory or presentative construction. It indicates that the ringers are arriving at this place (the location of the speaker or the church). The sense is about direction or arrival: "to this place (especially toward the speaker)". The synonym "hither" fits. The example "come here, please" is similar. So sense 3 is appropriate.

Sense 1 is "in or at this place" but that is more static. Here it's about movement: "come here". Sense 2 is about circumstance or point, not fitting. Sense 4 is about time, not fitting.

Thus, the best sense is index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: come
Target surface form: come
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here <t>come</t> the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=come%2:38:00:: | definition=move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody | synonyms=come up | examples=He came singing down the road; Come with me to the Casbah
2. sense_key=come%2:38:04:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, get | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
3. sense_key=come%2:30:01:: | definition=come to pass; arrive, as in due course | examples=The first success came three days later; It came as a shock
4. sense_key=come%2:30:03:: | definition=reach or enter a state, relation, condition, use, or position | examples=The water came to a boil; We came to understand the true meaning of life
5. sense_key=come%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
6. sense_key=come%2:30:02:: | definition=be found or available | examples=These shoes come in three colors; The furniture comes unassembled
7. sense_key=come%2:42:13:: | definition=come forth | synonyms=issue forth | examples=A scream came from the woman's mouth; His breath came hard
8. sense_key=come%2:42:09:: | definition=be a native of | synonyms=hail | examples=She hails from Kalamazoo
9. sense_key=come%2:42:03:: | definition=extend or reach | examples=The water came up to my waist; The sleeves come to your knuckles
10. sense_key=come%2:42:05:: | definition=exist or occur in a certain point in a series | examples=Next came the student from France
11. sense_key=come%2:38:03:: | definition=cover a certain distance | examples=She came a long way
12. sense_key=come%2:42:00:: | definition=come under, be classified or included | synonyms=fall | examples=fall into a category; This comes under a new heading
13. sense_key=come%2:30:13:: | definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this
14. sense_key=come%2:42:12:: | definition=add up in number or quantity | synonyms=total, number, add up, amount | examples=The bills amounted to $2,000; The bill came to $2,000
15. sense_key=come%2:42:11:: | definition=develop into | synonyms=add up, amount | examples=This idea will never amount to anything; nothing came of his grandiose plans
16. sense_key=come%2:38:02:: | definition=be received | synonyms=come in | examples=News came in of the massacre in Rwanda
17. sense_key=come%2:31:14:: | definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | synonyms=occur | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary; A great idea then came to her
18. sense_key=come%2:42:15:: | definition=come from; be connected by a relationship of blood, for example | synonyms=derive, descend | examples=She was descended from an old Italian noble family; he comes from humble origins
19. sense_key=come%2:42:02:: | definition=proceed or get along | synonyms=do, fare, make out, get along | examples=How is she doing in her new job?; How are you making out in graduate school?
20. sense_key=come%2:39:00:: | definition=experience orgasm | examples=she could not come because she was too upset
21. sense_key=come%2:31:13:: | definition=have a certain priority | examples=My family comes first

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are asked to choose the single best indexed sense for "come" in the given context. The context describes ringers coming down from the bell tower making noise. The phrase is: "here come the ringers from above". This indicates movement toward the speaker or the location. Sense 1: "move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody" fits well. Sense 2: "reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress" could also fit, but the phrase "here come" is more about approaching than arriving. Sense 1 includes synonyms like "come up" and examples like "He came singing down the road". In the context, the ringers are coming from above, making noise. So sense 1 is the best. Sense 2 is more about arrival at a destination, but here it's about the action of coming. Thus, sense index 1.

provider: GMICloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the <t>ringers</t> from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "ringers" in the context. The context is about church bells and people who ring them. The sentence: "But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells." Later: "here come the ringers from above" referring to bell-ringers. So clearly sense 1: a person who rings church bells. The other senses are about identical person, contestant under false pretenses, or horseshoes throw. None fit. So sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: above
Target surface form: above
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from <t>above</t>, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=above%4:02:00:: | definition=at an earlier place | synonyms=supra | examples=see above
2. sense_key=above%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to a place that is higher | synonyms=higher up, in a higher place, to a higher place

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target lemma "above" in context. The context describes bell ringers coming from above, i.e., from the bell tower. The sentence: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer." Here "above" refers to a higher place, the bell tower. So sense 2: "in or to a place that is higher" fits. Sense 1 is "at an earlier place" like "see above" in text, which doesn't fit. So answer sense_index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: making
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, <t>making</t> a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are analyzing the sentence: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, <t>making</t> a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer". The target word "making" is followed by "a very obvious exit". The phrase "making an exit" means to leave or depart, often in a noticeable way. This is a common collocation. Among the candidate senses, we need to find one that fits "making an exit".

Looking at sense 5: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally" with synonyms "cause, do" and examples "cause a commotion; make a stir". This could fit, as "making an exit" is causing an exit to happen. However, there is also sense 16: "perform or carry out" with examples "make a decision; make a move". "Make an exit" is similar to performing an action. But sense 16 is about performing or carrying out something like a decision or move. Sense 5 is more about causing something to occur. Which is more appropriate? The phrase "make an exit" is often interpreted as "to depart", which is more about performing an action. However, WordNet may have a specific sense for this. Actually, looking at sense 2: "give certain properties to something" doesn't fit. Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become" could also be considered, but "make an exit" is not about creating something new. Sense 16 seems plausible: "perform or carry out" with examples "make a decision; make a move". "Make an exit" is analogous to "make a move". Sense 5 "give rise to" might be too broad. Also, note that sense 5 has example "make a stir" which is similar in structure. But sense 5's definition "give rise to; cause to happen or occur" fits well because "making an exit" causes an exit to happen. However, I lean towards sense 16 because "make an exit" is a common idiom meaning to leave, which is a performance of an action. But we need to see if there is a more specific sense.

Another candidate: sense 19: "act in a certain way so as to acquire" with examples "make friends; make enemies". Not relevant.

Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become" with example "make a mess" - similar but "make an exit" is not about creating a mess.

Actually, "make an exit" is listed in some dictionaries as a phrase meaning to leave, and it fits under sense 16 "perform or carry out" because you are performing an exit. Alternatively, sense 5 "cause to happen" also works. I need to choose the best indexed sense.

Let's look at the context: "making a very obvious exit" - the ringers are leaving conspicuously. So it's the act of departing. The verb "make" here is used in a light verb construction where "make" carries little meaning and the noun carries the meaning. Many such constructions are covered by sense 16 "perform or carry out" (e.g., make a decision, make a move). Also sense 5 "give rise to; cause to happen" (e.g., make a stir, cause a commotion). Both are plausible. However, "make an exit" is more about performing the action of exiting than causing an exit. The ringers are performing the exit. I think sense 16 is more precise.

Additionally, I can check sense 24 "carry out or commit" with example "make a mistake". That is also similar. But sense 16 is "perform or carry out" while sense 24 is "carry out or commit" with a more negative connotation. "Make an exit" is neutral.

Among these, sense 16 seems best. Also note that the target is "making" as a gerund.

Let's see if any other sense fits. Sense 3 "make or cause to be or to become" - "make an exit" could be interpreted as cause an exit to be, but that's less natural.

I'll go with sense 16.

Therefore, the JSON should be {"sense_index": 16}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: very
Target surface form: very
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a <t>very</t> obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=very%4:02:00:: | definition=used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal | synonyms=really, real, rattling | examples=she was very gifted; he played very well
2. sense_key=very%4:02:01:: | definition=precisely so | examples=on the very next page; he expected the very opposite

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We are given the target word "very" in the context: "making a very obvious exit". The context is about bell ringers making an exit. The word "very" here is an intensifier meaning "extremely" or "to a high degree". Sense 1 is "used as intensifiers" with synonyms like really, real, rattling. Sense 2 is "precisely so" as in "on the very next page" meaning exact. In the given context, "very obvious" means extremely obvious, intensifying the adjective "obvious". So sense 1 is correct. I'll output JSON with sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: exit
Target surface form: exit
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious <t>exit</t> while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=exit%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=issue, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
2. sense_key=exit%1:11:00:: | definition=euphemistic expressions for death | synonyms=passing, loss, departure, expiration, going, release | examples=thousands mourned his passing
3. sense_key=exit%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of going out

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for "exit" in the given context. The context describes ringers coming down from the bell tower, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer. The word "exit" here refers to the act of going out, not an opening or death. It's a noun meaning the act of leaving. So sense 3 is appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: congregation
Target surface form: congregation
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the <t>congregation</t> is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=congregation%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=fold, faithful
2. sense_key=congregation%1:14:01:: | definition=an assemblage of people or animals or things collected together | examples=a congregation of children pleaded for his autograph; a great congregation of birds flew over
3. sense_key=congregation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of congregating | synonyms=congregating

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We are given a sentence: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, he says."

The context is about a church. The congregation is the group of people attending the church service, praying. This matches sense 1: "a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church" with synonyms "fold, faithful". Sense 2 is more general, like a collection of people or animals, but the specific religious context fits sense 1 better. Sense 3 is the act of congregating, not the group itself. Therefore, sense_index 1 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prayer
Target surface form: prayer
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at <t>prayer</t>, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prayer%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of communicating with a deity (especially as a petition or in adoration or contrition or thanksgiving) | synonyms=supplication | examples=the priest sank to his knees in prayer
2. sense_key=prayer%1:10:02:: | definition=reverent petition to a deity | synonyms=petition, orison
3. sense_key=prayer%1:10:00:: | definition=earnest or urgent request | synonyms=entreaty, appeal | examples=an entreaty to stop the fighting; an appeal for help
4. sense_key=prayer%1:10:01:: | definition=a fixed text used in praying
5. sense_key=prayer%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who prays to God | synonyms=supplicant

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to determine the best sense for "prayer" in the context: "making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer". The context is about bell ringers leaving during a service when the congregation is at prayer. "Prayer" here refers to the act of praying, not a specific text or a person. Sense 1: "the act of communicating with a deity" matches. Sense 2 is "reverent petition to a deity" which is similar but sense 1 seems more general. Sense 3 is "earnest or urgent request" which is not necessarily religious. Sense 4 is a fixed text, sense 5 is a person. So the best is sense 1. However, sense 2 is also a candidate but sense 1 has synonym "supplication" and example "the priest sank to his knees in prayer", which fits the communal act. The phrase "at prayer" typically means engaged in prayer, so sense 1 is appropriate. I'll choose sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he <t>says</t>. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need to choose the best sense for 'says' in the context. The context: Vicar Marshall says "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above..." He is speaking, expressing in words. This is a direct quote: he says something. That matches sense 1: express in words (state, tell). Also sense 8: utter aloud, but sense 1 is more general and fits the reporting nature. Sense 2 is allege or maintain, but that has a connotation of claiming something possibly disputed, not fitting here. Sense 3 is supposition (let's say). Sense 4 is wording of text. Sense 5 is order. Sense 6 is pronounce. Sense 7 is nonverbal. Sense 9 is opinion or judgement - he is stating a fact or observation, not exactly an opinion. Sense 10 is recite. Sense 11 is indicate. So sense 1 is best. But note: He is quoted as saying something. The verb 'says' here is simply reporting speech. So sense 1.