[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studied
Context:
For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been <t>studied</t> in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%2:31:02:: | definition=consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning | synonyms=analyze, analyse, examine, canvass, canvas | examples=analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial
2. sense_key=study%2:31:03:: | definition=be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning
3. sense_key=study%2:39:00:: | definition=give careful consideration to | synonyms=consider | examples=consider the possibility of moving
4. sense_key=study%2:31:00:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, read, take | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
5. sense_key=study%2:31:01:: | definition=learn by reading books | synonyms=hit the books | examples=He is studying geology in his room; I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now
6. sense_key=study%2:31:04:: | definition=think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes | synonyms=meditate, contemplate | examples=He is meditating in his study

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "studied" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses how Alimta, a medicine, has been investigated or examined in a clinical setting for its efficacy in treating malignant pleural mesothelioma. The context revolves around a medical or scientific study.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The word "studied" is used in the sentence "For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before." Here, "studied" refers to the act of examining or investigating Alimta's effects.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. analyze, analyse, examine, canvass, canvas**: This sense involves detailed consideration and analysis to discover essential features or meaning. The example given is "analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial." The context of studying Alimta in a clinical trial aligns with examining or analyzing its effects, making this a plausible choice.
   - **2. be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning**: This doesn't fit the context as Alimta is not a student.
   - **3. give careful consideration to**: While this involves thinking about something, it's more general and doesn't directly imply a detailed analysis or investigation as in a clinical study.
   - **4. be a student of a certain subject**: Again, this doesn't fit as Alimta is not a student.
   - **5. learn by reading books**: This is not relevant to the context of a clinical study.
   - **6. think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes**: This is unrelated to the context of a medical study.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**: The most relevant definition is **1. analyze, analyse, examine, canvass, canvas** because it involves a detailed examination or analysis, which is what was done with Alimta in the clinical study mentioned.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "studied" in the given context is **1**.

The response in the required JSON format is: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: main
Target surface form: main
Context:
For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one <t>main</t> study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=main%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=most important element | synonyms=chief, primary, principal, master | examples=the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass
2. sense_key=main%3:00:02:: | definition=(of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence | synonyms=independent | examples=the main (or independent) clause in a complex sentence has at least a subject and a verb
3. sense_key=main%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=of force; of the greatest possible intensity | examples=by main strength

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: study
Context:
For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main <t>study</t> in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 <t>patients</t> who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "patients" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information.

The context is about a medical treatment, specifically the drug Alimta, its mechanism of action, and its study in relation to treating malignant pleural mesothelioma. The sentence where "patients" appears is: "For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before."

The two candidate senses are:
1. A person who requires medical care.
2. The semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause.

Let's examine the context and the examples given for the candidate senses.

The context clearly refers to individuals who are receiving or are candidates for medical treatment, specifically for malignant pleural mesothelioma. The term "patients" is used in the context of a clinical study, where it directly relates to individuals who are being treated or studied for their medical condition.

The first candidate sense defines "patient" as "a person who requires medical care," with an example stating "the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly." This definition and example align perfectly with the context provided, where "patients" refers to individuals with malignant pleural mesothelioma who are part of a clinical study for Alimta.

The second candidate sense refers to a semantic role in a clause, which is more related to grammatical or syntactic analysis rather than the direct meaning of "patient" in a medical context.

Given the context and the information provided, the most appropriate sense of "patients" is the one that refers to individuals requiring medical care.

The first sense is indexed as 1, and since there are only two options provided, and the first one matches the context, the best indexed sense is 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: before
Target surface form: before
Context:
For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease <t>before</t>. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=before%4:02:03:: | definition=earlier in time; previously | synonyms=earlier | examples=I had known her before; as I said before
2. sense_key=before%4:02:01:: | definition=at or in the front | synonyms=ahead, in front | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the correct sense of the word "before" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before."

Here, "before" is used to indicate that the patients had not received chemotherapy prior to the study. This usage relates to time, indicating that something happened (or didn't happen) earlier than a specific point in time.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is defined as "earlier in time; previously" with synonyms like "earlier" and examples such as "I had known her before; as I said before." This sense aligns with the usage in the given sentence, where "before" indicates that the patients had not received chemotherapy at an earlier time relative to the study.

2. The second sense is defined as "at or in the front" with synonyms like "ahead" and "in front," and examples such as "I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy." This sense is related to spatial positioning rather than time.

Given the context, the word "before" is used to indicate a time prior to the study, not a spatial position. Therefore, the correct sense is the one related to time.

The best indexed sense for "before" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effect
Target surface form: effects
Context:
How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The <t>effects</t> of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effect%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
2. sense_key=effect%1:07:00:: | definition=an outward appearance | synonyms=impression | examples=he made a good impression; I wanted to create an impression of success
3. sense_key=effect%1:09:00:: | definition=an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived) | examples=he just did it for effect
4. sense_key=effect%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=essence, burden, core, gist
5. sense_key=effect%1:07:01:: | definition=(of a law) having legal validity | synonyms=force | examples=the law is still in effect
6. sense_key=effect%1:26:00:: | definition=a symptom caused by an illness or a drug | examples=the effects of sleep loss; the effect of the anesthetic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "effects" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The text discusses how Alimta works and its study in relation to treating certain types of cancer. It mentions comparing "the effects of Alimta" in combination with other medicines or alone.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The word "effects" is used in the context of comparing outcomes or results of a medical treatment.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. sense_key=effect%1:19:00::**: This definition refers to a phenomenon caused by a previous phenomenon, with synonyms like consequence, outcome, result. The examples given are "the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise" and "his decision had depressing consequences for business." The context of comparing "effects" of a medicine fits this definition as it discusses the outcome or result of using Alimta.
   - **2. sense_key=effect%1:07:00::**: Refers to an outward appearance or impression. This doesn't directly relate to the outcome of a medical treatment.
   - **3. sense_key=effect%1:09:00::**: Talks about an artificial or contrived impression. This is not directly relevant to the context of medical treatment outcomes.
   - **4. sense_key=effect%1:10:00::**: Relates to the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work, which is not relevant here.
   - **5. sense_key=effect%1:07:01::**: Concerns the validity of a law, which is not the context provided.
   - **6. sense_key=effect%1:26:00::**: Refers to a symptom caused by an illness or a drug. While related to medicine, the specific context is about comparing the outcomes of treatments, not the symptoms caused by them.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**: The context clearly indicates that "effects" refers to the outcome or result of a medical treatment. The most relevant definition is the first one, which corresponds to "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon." The sentence context and the synonyms (consequence, outcome, result) support this choice.

5. **Returning the Answer**: The first definition is the best match, so the sense index is 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
How does Alimta work? The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were <t>compared</t> with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the <t>treatment</t> of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "treatment" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is about a medical text discussing the use of Alimta (a medicine) for treating certain types of cancer, specifically malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. The text describes how Alimta works, its comparison with other medicines, and the studies conducted on it.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)** with the synonym "intervention." This sense fits well with the medical context provided, where "treatment" refers to the medical care or procedure used to relieve or cure a disease.

2. **the management of someone or something** with the synonym "handling." While this is a possible sense of "treatment," it is broader and not as directly related to medical care as the first sense.

3. **a manner of dealing with something artistically.** This sense is not relevant to the context, as the text discusses medical treatment rather than artistic handling.

4. **an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic** with synonyms "discussion" and "discourse." This sense refers to a written or verbal discussion on a particular subject, which is not the meaning of "treatment" in the given context.

Given the context, the most appropriate sense of "treatment" is related to medical care or procedure intended to relieve illness or injury. This matches the first candidate sense.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "treatment" in the context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cell
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small <t>cell</t> lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effect
Target surface form: effects
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the <t>effects</t> of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effect%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
2. sense_key=effect%1:07:00:: | definition=an outward appearance | synonyms=impression | examples=he made a good impression; I wanted to create an impression of success
3. sense_key=effect%1:09:00:: | definition=an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived) | examples=he just did it for effect
4. sense_key=effect%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=essence, burden, core, gist
5. sense_key=effect%1:07:01:: | definition=(of a law) having legal validity | synonyms=force | examples=the law is still in effect
6. sense_key=effect%1:26:00:: | definition=a symptom caused by an illness or a drug | examples=the effects of sleep loss; the effect of the anesthetic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "effects" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses the study of Alimta, a medicine used for treating certain types of cancer. It mentions that the effects of Alimta were compared with those of other anticancer medicines in various studies.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The target word is "effects," which is a plural form of "effect." The context suggests that "effects" refers to the outcomes or results of using Alimta in comparison to other treatments.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. sense_key=effect%1:19:00::**: This sense defines "effect" as a phenomenon caused by some previous phenomenon, with synonyms like consequence, outcome, result, etc. The examples given, such as "the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise" and "his decision had depressing consequences for business," illustrate this sense. The context of comparing the outcomes of different treatments aligns with this definition.
   - **2. sense_key=effect%1:07:00::**: This defines "effect" as an outward appearance or impression. The context doesn't directly relate to creating an impression.
   - **3. sense_key=effect%1:09:00::**: This refers to an artificial or contrived impression. The passage doesn't suggest that the "effects" are about creating an artificial impression.
   - **4. sense_key=effect%1:10:00::**: This sense is about the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work, which is not relevant to the context.
   - **5. sense_key=effect%1:07:01::**: This pertains to the legal validity of a law, which is not the focus of the passage.
   - **6. sense_key=effect%1:26:00::**: This defines "effect" as a symptom caused by an illness or a drug. While the passage is about a drug, it discusses the comparative outcomes of treatments rather than symptoms caused by the drug itself.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**: The context is about comparing the outcomes or results of using Alimta versus other anticancer medicines. The most relevant definition is the first one, which is about a phenomenon (in this case, the outcome of a treatment) caused by some previous phenomenon (the administration of the treatment).

5. **Conclusion**: The best indexed sense for "effects" in the given context is the first sense, which corresponds to the definition of "effect" as a consequence or outcome.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were <t>compared</t> with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer <t>medicine</t>) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: study
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one <t>study</t> involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involving
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study <t>involving</t> 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "involving" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "...in a study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past."

Here, "involving" is used to indicate that the study included or contained 571 patients as participants.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. Connect closely and often incriminatingly - This doesn't fit the context as the sentence is not about connecting something incriminatingly.
2. Engage as a participant - While this could seem relevant because it talks about participants, the direct object of "involving" is "study," and the sense here is more about the study containing or including participants rather than engaging them directly in an activity.
3. Have as a necessary feature - This implies that something is a necessary part or aspect of something else. While it could be argued that patients are a necessary part of a study, this sense is not the most straightforward fit.
4. Require as useful, just, or proper - This doesn't directly apply because the sentence isn't discussing what is required for the study.
5. Contain as a part - This sense fits well because the study "involves" or includes 571 patients as part of it.
6. Occupy or engage the interest of - This doesn't fit because the context is about the composition of the study, not about engaging interest.
7. Make complex or intricate or complicated - This doesn't apply as the sentence is describing the participants in a study, not making something complicated.

Given the context and the examples, the best fit for "involving" is sense 5, "contain as a part," because the study contains or includes 571 patients.

{"sense_index": 5}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 <t>patients</t> with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: locally
Target surface form: locally
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with <t>locally</t> advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=locally%4:02:00:: | definition=by a particular locality | examples=it was locally decided
2. sense_key=locally%4:02:01:: | definition=to a restricted area of the body | synonyms=topically | examples=apply this medicine topically

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for "locally" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information.

The context is about a medical study involving the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. The sentence where "locally" appears is: "...in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past."

The two candidate senses for "locally" are:
1. "by a particular locality" (e.g., "it was locally decided")
2. "to a restricted area of the body" (synonyms: topically; e.g., "apply this medicine topically")

In the given context, "locally advanced" refers to cancer that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes but not to distant parts of the body. This usage relates to the spread or progression of the disease within a specific, restricted area of the body, rather than a decision made by a particular locality.

The term "locally" here is used to describe the extent or spread of the disease. While "topically" usually refers to the application of a medicine directly to a specific area of the body, "locally advanced" is a term used in oncology to describe the stage of cancer. Thus, "locally" in "locally advanced" is more about describing the disease's progression in relation to a specific area rather than the application of a treatment.

Given the context and the examples, "locally" is used to describe the disease being advanced in a restricted or localized area, not necessarily implying the application of a medicine topically. However, it is closer in meaning to the second definition because it refers to the disease being confined or restricted to a particular area of the body.

Therefore, the best sense for "locally" in this context is the second one, which corresponds to sense_index 2.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: advanced
Target surface form: advanced
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally <t>advanced</t> or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:precocious:00 | definition=farther along in physical or mental development | examples=the child's skeletal age was classified as `advanced'; children in the advanced classes in elementary school read far above grade average
2. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:late:02 | definition=comparatively late in a course of development | examples=the illness had reached an advanced stage; an advanced state of exhaustion
3. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:progressive:01 | definition=ahead of the times | synonyms=forward-looking, innovative, modern | examples=the advanced teaching methods; had advanced views on the subject
4. sense_key=advanced%5:00:02:high:02 | definition=at a higher level in training or knowledge or skill | examples=an advanced degree; an advanced text in physics
5. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:high-tech:00 | definition=ahead in development; complex or intricate | synonyms=sophisticated | examples=advanced technology; a sophisticated electronic control system
6. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:late:00 | definition=far along in time | synonyms=ripe | examples=a man of advanced age; advanced in years
7. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:civilized:00 | definition=(of societies) highly developed especially in technology or industry | examples=advanced societies; an advanced country technologically
8. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:front:00 | definition=situated ahead or going before | synonyms=advance, in advance | examples=an advance party; at that time the most advanced outpost was still east of the Rockies

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "advanced" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is discussing a medical study involving patients with non-small cell lung cancer, where the disease is described as "locally advanced or metastatic." The term "advanced" here is used to describe the stage or progression of the disease.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense refers to being precocious or ahead in physical or mental development, which doesn't directly relate to the disease's progression.
2. The second sense, "comparatively late in a course of development," is relevant because it can describe a disease that has progressed to a later stage.
3. The third sense refers to being ahead of the times or progressive, which doesn't directly apply to the disease's stage.
4. The fourth sense is about being at a higher level in training or knowledge, not relevant here.
5. The fifth sense describes something as high-tech or sophisticated, not applicable to the disease's stage.
6. The sixth sense refers to being far along in time or age, which could metaphorically relate to the progression of a disease but is more commonly used to describe age.
7. The seventh sense talks about societies being highly developed, not relevant to the context.
8. The eighth sense refers to being situated ahead or going before, which could be interpreted in various contexts but isn't the most fitting for describing a disease's stage.

Given the context, the term "advanced" is used to describe the disease's progression or stage. The most relevant definition is "comparatively late in a course of development," which aligns with the second sense. This sense is appropriate because it describes the disease as having reached a later or more progressed stage.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "advanced" in this context is the second sense.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also <t>compared</t> with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer <t>medicine</t>), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "medicine" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is about a medical text discussing the effects and studies of a drug named Alimta, in comparison with other anticancer medicines like docetaxel and gemcitabine. The text is focused on the treatment of certain types of cancer and the comparison of the effectiveness of different drugs.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **medicine%1:09:00::** - This sense refers to the branches of medical science dealing with nonsurgical techniques. The context, however, is about specific drugs and their effectiveness, not about branches of medical science.

2. **medicine%1:06:00::** - This sense defines "medicine" as something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease. The synonyms provided are "medication," "medicament," and "medicinal drug." The context is discussing Alimta and comparing it with other anticancer medicines (docetaxel and gemcitabine), which fits this definition.

3. **medicine%1:04:00::** - This sense is about the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school. While the context is medical, it's not discussing the profession itself but rather specific drugs.

4. **medicine%1:04:02::** - This sense refers to punishment for one's actions, with a synonym "music" and examples like "take your medicine." This is unrelated to the context of discussing drugs for cancer treatment.

Given the context and the definitions, the most appropriate sense is **2. medicine%1:06:00::**, as it directly relates to "medicine" being a substance used for treating or preventing disease, aligning with the discussion of anticancer drugs.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "medicine" in the given context is 2.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: study
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a <t>study</t> involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "study" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses how Alimta has been studied for the treatment of certain medical conditions, specifically malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. It mentions several studies comparing the effects of Alimta with other anticancer medicines.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The target word is "study" as it appears in the sentence: "...in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past."

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. a detailed critical inspection**: This sense fits well with the context of medical research.
   - **2. applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject**: This doesn't directly fit the context of a research study involving patients.
   - **3. a written document describing the findings of some individual or group**: This could potentially fit, as studies are often documented in reports.
   - **4. a state of deep mental absorption**: This doesn't fit the context.
   - **5. a room used for reading and writing and studying**: This is unrelated to the context.
   - **6. a branch of knowledge**: Not directly relevant to the context of a specific research investigation.
   - **7. preliminary drawing for later elaboration**: Unrelated to the context.
   - **8. attentive consideration and meditation**: Not directly relevant.
   - **9. someone who memorizes quickly and easily**: Unrelated to the context.
   - **10. a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique**: Unrelated to the context.

4. **Choosing the Best Sense**:
   - The context clearly indicates that "study" refers to a research investigation involving a large number of patients.
   - Sense 1 ("a detailed critical inspection") aligns with this context, as a study in medical research involves inspecting or examining the effects of a treatment.
   - Sense 3 ("a written document describing the findings of some individual or group") could also be considered, but the context emphasizes the investigation itself rather than the document reporting it.

5. **Decision**: The most appropriate sense is **1. a detailed critical inspection** because it directly corresponds to the context of conducting research involving patients. The term "study" here refers to the act of investigating or examining the effects of Alimta, not the document that might result from it.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "study" in the given context is the one corresponding to "a detailed critical inspection," which is sense_index = 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involving
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study <t>involving</t> 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "involving" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information and the candidate senses.

The context is about a medical study comparing the effects of different treatments, specifically mentioning "a study involving 571 patients" and "a study involving 1,725 patients." The word "involving" here is used to indicate that the patients were participants in the study.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is "connect closely and often incriminatingly." This doesn't fit the context as the studies are not implying any negative or incriminating connection.

2. The second sense is "engage as a participant." This matches the context because the patients were engaged as participants in the studies.

3. The third sense is "have as a necessary feature." While a study might necessarily involve participants, this sense doesn't directly convey the idea of participation.

4. The fourth sense is "require as useful, just, or proper." This doesn't directly fit because the focus is on the participation, not on what is required for the study.

5. The fifth sense is "contain as a part." This could be considered because the study contains or includes the patients as participants.

6. The sixth sense is "occupy or engage the interest of." This doesn't fit the context as it's not about engaging the interest of the patients.

7. The seventh sense is "make complex or intricate or complicated." This doesn't apply to the context as "involving" is not describing the complexity of the studies.

Between the second and fifth senses, "engage as a participant" (sense 2) and "contain as a part" (sense 5), the context suggests that the studies included or comprised the mentioned number of patients. However, "engage as a participant" more directly implies the role of the patients in the study.

The best indexed sense for "involving" in this context is the second sense, which corresponds to "engage as a participant."

{"sense_index": 3} is not the correct choice based on the step-by-step analysis. The correct JSON object should correspond to the second sense.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involving
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study <t>involving</t> 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant]
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "involving" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information and the candidate senses.

The context is about a medical study comparing the effects of different treatments, specifically mentioning "a study involving 571 patients" and "a study involving 1,725 patients." The word "involving" here is used to indicate that the patients were participants in the study.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is "connect closely and often incriminatingly." This doesn't fit the context as the studies are not implying any negative or incriminating connection.

2. The second sense is "engage as a participant." This matches the context because the patients were engaged as participants in the studies.

3. The third sense is "have as a necessary feature." While a study might necessarily involve participants, this sense doesn't directly convey the idea of participation.

4. The fourth sense is "require as useful, just, or proper." This doesn't directly fit because the focus is on the participation, not on what is required for the study.

5. The fifth sense is "contain as a part." This could be considered because the study contains or includes the patients as participants.

6. The sixth sense is "occupy or engage the interest of." This doesn't fit the context as it's not about engaging the interest of the patients.

7. The seventh sense is "make complex or intricate or complicated." This doesn't apply to the context as "involving" is not describing the complexity of the studies.

Between the second and fifth senses, "engage as a participant" (sense 2) and "contain as a part" (sense 5), the context suggests that the studies included or comprised the mentioned number of patients. However, "engage as a participant" more directly implies the role of the patients in the study.

The best indexed sense for "involving" in this context is the second sense, which corresponds to "engage as a participant."

{"sense_index": 3} is not the correct choice based on the step-by-step analysis. The correct JSON object should correspond to the second sense.

{"sense_index": 2}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 7. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

raw_output:
{"sense_index": 3} is not correct based on my analysis. The correct answer is related to the sense that matches "engage as a participant."

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 <t>patients</t> who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "patients" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information.

The context discusses a medical treatment, Alimta, and its study involving patients with specific medical conditions. The term "patients" is used multiple times in relation to individuals receiving medical care for their diseases.

The candidate senses provided are:
1. A person who requires medical care.
2. The semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause.

Let's examine the context and the examples given for the candidate senses.

The sentence context clearly refers to individuals who are receiving medical treatment for their diseases, such as malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. The term "patients" is used in relation to these individuals, indicating they are under medical care.

The first candidate sense defines "patient" as "a person who requires medical care," which aligns with the context provided. The example given, "the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly," also supports this definition, as it refers to individuals requiring medical attention.

The second candidate sense refers to a semantic role in a clause, which is more related to grammatical analysis rather than the direct meaning of "patient" in a medical context.

Given the context and the examples, the term "patients" clearly refers to individuals who are receiving medical care. Therefore, the most appropriate sense is the one that defines a person requiring medical care.

The best indexed sense for "patients" in the given context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the <t>past</t>. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three <t>studies</t>, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "studies" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses how Alimta has been studied in various medical contexts, specifically for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. It mentions comparisons of Alimta's effects in combination with other medicines versus those medicines alone or in different combinations.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The target word is "studies," which is a plural form of "study." The context indicates that "studies" refers to investigations or research efforts into the effectiveness of Alimta.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. a detailed critical inspection**: This definition aligns with the context of investigating or researching the effects of a drug.
   - **2. applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject**: While relevant to academic or research contexts, this definition is more about the act of learning rather than a specific investigation.
   - **3. a written document describing the findings of some individual or group**: This could fit the context if "studies" refers to reports or documents detailing the findings of research on Alimta.
   - Other definitions (4 through 10) are less directly related to the context of research or investigation into a drug's effectiveness.

4. **Choosing the Best Sense**:
   - The context clearly indicates that "studies" refers to research investigations into Alimta's effectiveness.
   - Sense 1 ("a detailed critical inspection") is a strong candidate because it aligns with the idea of investigating or researching something.
   - Sense 3 ("a written document describing the findings of some individual or group") is also plausible because it could refer to the outcome or report of such investigations.

5. **Decision**:
   - Upon closer inspection, the context suggests that "studies" refers to the research investigations themselves rather than the documents reporting their findings. The sentence "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived" indicates that "studies" are being referred to as the investigations or research efforts, not just the reports of their findings.

6. **Conclusion**: The most appropriate definition is **1. a detailed critical inspection**, which corresponds to sense_index = 1.

{"sense_index": 1}