[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effective
Target surface form: effective
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more <t>effective</t> than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effective%3:00:00:: | definition=producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; -LewisMumford | synonyms=effectual, efficacious | examples=an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation; effective teaching methods
2. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively; -G.B.Shaw | synonyms=efficient | examples=people who will do nothing unless they get something out of it for themselves are often highly effective persons...; effective personnel
3. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00 | definition=works well as a means or remedy | examples=an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat
4. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
5. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:actual:00 | definition=existing in fact; not theoretical; real | examples=a decline in the effective demand; confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done
6. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=ready for service | examples=the fort was held by about 100 effective soldiers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "effective" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The text discusses the efficacy of a medicine named Cerenia in preventing or treating vomiting in dogs. It compares the outcomes between dogs that received Cerenia and those that received a placebo, concluding that Cerenia was more effective.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The word "effective" is used to describe the comparative outcome of using Cerenia versus a placebo in the context of treating or preventing vomiting.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. Producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect**: This sense aligns with the context as Cerenia is shown to be more effective than a placebo in reducing vomiting.
   - **2. Able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively**: While related, this sense leans more towards the capability or efficiency of a person or system rather than the outcome of a treatment.
   - **3. Works well as a means or remedy**: This directly relates to the context where Cerenia is described as being effective in comparison to a placebo for its intended medical purpose.
   - **4. Exerting force or influence; in effect**: This sense is more about the status of being in operation or having an influence, not directly related to the efficacy of a treatment.
   - **5. Existing in fact; not theoretical; real**: This sense pertains to something being actual or real, which doesn't directly fit the context of comparing treatment efficacy.
   - **6. Ready for service**: This sense is about being operational or ready to be used, not directly related to the effectiveness of a treatment.

4. **Choosing the Best Sense**:
   - The context is about the efficacy of a medical treatment (Cerenia).
   - Senses 1 and 3 directly relate to the effectiveness of a means or remedy.
   - Sense 1 is broader and includes examples related to various contexts, not just medical treatments.
   - Sense 3 is more specific to being a remedy or means, directly applicable to the medical context.

Given the context and the specific use of "effective" to describe the outcome of a medical treatment, **Sense 1** and **Sense 3** are both plausible. However, Sense 3 is labeled as "works well as a means or remedy," which closely matches the context of discussing the efficacy of a medicine. The examples provided for Sense 3 ("an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat") also support its applicability to the context of medical or therapeutic effectiveness.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "effective" in this context is **3**.

{"sense_index": 3}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: placebo
Target surface form: placebo
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the <t>placebo</t>: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=placebo%1:06:00:: | definition=an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug
2. sense_key=placebo%1:04:00:: | definition=(Roman Catholic Church) vespers of the office for the dead

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the correct sense of the word "placebo" in the given context, let's analyze the information provided.

1. **Context Analysis**: The text discusses the efficacy of a drug named Cerenia in preventing or treating vomiting in dogs. It mentions that studies were conducted comparing the outcomes in dogs that received Cerenia versus those that received a placebo.

2. **Understanding the Term "Placebo"**: The term "placebo" is used in the context of medical or scientific research to refer to a treatment that appears to be real but has no actual therapeutic effect. This is typically used as a control in experiments to compare the outcomes between the group receiving the actual treatment and the group receiving the placebo.

3. **Examining the Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug." This definition aligns with the use of "placebo" in medical research as a control measure.
   - **Sense 2**: "(Roman Catholic Church) vespers of the office for the dead." This definition refers to a completely different context, related to a religious service.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context provided is clearly about a medical study comparing the effectiveness of a drug (Cerenia) against a control (placebo). Therefore, the use of "placebo" here refers to an inert substance used as a control in the experiment.
   - The first sense ("an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug") directly corresponds to this usage.

5. **Conclusion**: The correct sense of "placebo" in the given context is the first sense.

The response should be in the format: {"sense_index": 1}.

{"sense_index": 1}

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: placebo
Target surface form: placebo
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the <t>placebo</t>: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=placebo%1:06:00:: | definition=an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug
2. sense_key=placebo%1:04:00:: | definition=(Roman Catholic Church) vespers of the office for the dead

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant]
To determine the correct sense of the word "placebo" in the given context, let's analyze the information provided.

1. **Context Analysis**: The text discusses the efficacy of a drug named Cerenia in preventing or treating vomiting in dogs. It mentions that studies were conducted comparing the outcomes in dogs that received Cerenia versus those that received a placebo.

2. **Understanding the Term "Placebo"**: The term "placebo" is used in the context of medical or scientific research to refer to a treatment that appears to be real but has no actual therapeutic effect. This is typically used as a control in experiments to compare the outcomes between the group receiving the actual treatment and the group receiving the placebo.

3. **Examining the Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug." This definition aligns with the use of "placebo" in medical research as a control measure.
   - **Sense 2**: "(Roman Catholic Church) vespers of the office for the dead." This definition refers to a completely different context, related to a religious service.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context provided is clearly about a medical study comparing the effectiveness of a drug (Cerenia) against a control (placebo). Therefore, the use of "placebo" here refers to an inert substance used as a control in the experiment.
   - The first sense ("an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug") directly corresponds to this usage.

5. **Conclusion**: The correct sense of "placebo" in the given context is the first sense.

The response should be in the format: {"sense_index": 1}.

{"sense_index": 1}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 2. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: less
Target surface form: less
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: <t>less</t> vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=less%3:00:00:: | definition=(comparative of `little' usually used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning not as great in amount or degree | examples=of less importance; less time to spend with the family
2. sense_key=less%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=(usually preceded by `no') lower in quality | examples=no less than perfect
3. sense_key=less%5:00:00:fewer:00 | definition=(nonstandard in some uses but often idiomatic with measure phrases) fewer | examples=less than three weeks; no less than 50 people attended

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "less" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The sentence where "less" is used is: "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo..." Here, "less" is used to compare the amount of vomiting between two groups of dogs.

2. **Understanding the Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: This sense is related to a comparative of 'little', used with mass nouns, indicating not as great in amount or degree. The example given is "of less importance" or "less time to spend with the family". This sense is relevant when discussing quantities or degrees that are not countable.
   - **Sense 2**: This refers to something being lower in quality, often used with "no" to mean "not less than" something, implying a high standard or quality. An example is "no less than perfect".
   - **Sense 3**: This is about being "fewer" in count, often used with measure phrases, though it's noted as nonstandard in some uses. Examples include "less than three weeks" or "no less than 50 people attended". This sense is related to countable quantities.

3. **Applying the Context to the Candidate Senses**:
   - In the given context, "less vomiting" refers to a decrease in the occurrence or amount of vomiting, which can be considered as a mass noun or an uncountable quantity. The comparison is between the frequency or amount of vomiting in dogs that received Cerenia and those that received a placebo.
   - **Sense 1** seems applicable because "vomiting" can be considered a mass noun here, and "less" is used to indicate a smaller amount or degree of it.
   - **Sense 2** is not directly relevant because the context is not discussing the quality of vomiting but rather its quantity or frequency.
   - **Sense 3** could be considered because it talks about "fewer" instances, and while "vomiting" is not typically counted in the same way as discrete objects, the instances of vomiting can be thought of as countable events. However, the use of "less" with "vomiting" aligns more with treating "vomiting" as a mass noun or an uncountable quantity.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context suggests that "less" is used to indicate a smaller amount or degree of vomiting, aligning with **Sense 1**. The use of "less" with "vomiting" treats vomiting as a mass or uncountable noun, fitting the definition provided for Sense 1.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "less" in the given context is **1**.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: see
Target surface form: seen
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was <t>seen</t> in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=see%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight | examples=You have to be a good observer to see all the details; Can you see the bird in that tree?
2. sense_key=see%2:31:01:: | definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realize, realise | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point
3. sense_key=see%2:39:02:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
4. sense_key=see%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind | synonyms=visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy, figure | examples=I can't see him on horseback!; I can see what will happen
5. sense_key=see%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=consider, reckon, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
6. sense_key=see%2:31:02:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
7. sense_key=see%2:39:03:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=watch, view, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
8. sense_key=see%2:38:00:: | definition=come together | synonyms=meet, run into, encounter, run across, come across | examples=I'll probably see you at the meeting; How nice to see you again!
9. sense_key=see%2:32:00:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
10. sense_key=see%2:31:03:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
11. sense_key=see%2:41:11:: | definition=go to see for professional or business reasons | examples=You should see a lawyer; We had to see a psychiatrist
12. sense_key=see%2:41:12:: | definition=go to see for a social visit | examples=I went to see my friend Mary the other day
13. sense_key=see%2:41:10:: | definition=go to see a place, as for entertainment | synonyms=visit | examples=We went to see the Eiffel Tower in the morning
14. sense_key=see%2:41:14:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=attend, take care, look | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
15. sense_key=see%2:35:09:: | definition=receive as a specified guest | examples=the doctor will see you now; The minister doesn't see anybody before noon
16. sense_key=see%2:41:00:: | definition=date regularly; have a steady relationship with | synonyms=go steady, go out, date | examples=Did you know that she is seeing an older man?; He is dating his former wife again!
17. sense_key=see%2:39:05:: | definition=see and understand, have a good eye | examples=The artist must first learn to see
18. sense_key=see%2:31:08:: | definition=deliberate or decide | examples=See whether you can come tomorrow; let's see--which movie should we see tonight?
19. sense_key=see%2:39:11:: | definition=observe as if with an eye | examples=The camera saw the burglary and recorded it
20. sense_key=see%2:39:13:: | definition=observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect | synonyms=examine | examples=The customs agent examined the baggage; I must see your passport before you can enter the country
21. sense_key=see%2:39:12:: | definition=go or live through | synonyms=experience, go through | examples=We had many trials to go through; he saw action in Viet Nam
22. sense_key=see%2:38:03:: | definition=accompany or escort | synonyms=escort | examples=I'll see you to the door
23. sense_key=see%2:33:00:: | definition=match or meet | examples=I saw the bet of one of my fellow players
24. sense_key=see%2:31:13:: | definition=make sense of; assign a meaning to | synonyms=interpret, construe | examples=What message do you see in this letter?; How do you interpret his behavior?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "seen" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting."

The word "seen" here is used in the context of observing or noticing the occurrence of vomiting in dogs during studies. The context suggests that "seen" is related to the observation or perception of an event or situation.

Let's examine the relevant candidate senses:

1. Perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight.
2. Perceive (an idea or situation) mentally.
3. Perceive or be contemporaneous with.
4. Get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally.

The use of "seen" in the context implies that the occurrence of vomiting was observed or noticed during the studies. While the first sense relates to perceiving by sight, the context doesn't strictly imply visual perception; it's about observing or noticing the occurrence of an event.

Sense 3, "perceive or be contemporaneous with," fits well because it involves being aware of or witnessing something happening, which aligns with observing less vomiting in the context. The synonym "witness" and the example "You'll see a lot of cheating in this school" support this interpretation, as it implies being aware of or observing something occurring.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "seen" in this context is sense 3.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dog
Target surface form: dogs
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in <t>dogs</t> that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: | definition=a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds | synonyms=domestic dog, Canis familiaris | examples=the dog barked all night
2. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: | definition=a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman | synonyms=frump | examples=she got a reputation as a frump; she's a real dog
3. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: | definition=informal term for a man | examples=you lucky dog
4. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who is morally reprehensible | synonyms=cad, bounder, blackguard, hound, heel | examples=you dirty dog
5. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: | definition=a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll | synonyms=frank, frankfurter, hotdog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie
6. sense_key=dog%1:06:00:: | definition=a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward | synonyms=pawl, detent, click
7. sense_key=dog%1:06:01:: | definition=metal supports for logs in a fireplace | synonyms=andiron, firedog, dog-iron | examples=the andirons were too hot to touch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the <t>medicine</t> than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "medicine" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is about "Cerenia," a substance used to prevent or treat vomiting in dogs. The text discusses how Cerenia works, its effectiveness compared to a placebo, and the method of its administration. The sentence containing the target word is: "less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting."

Now, let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **medicine%1:09:00::** - This sense refers to "the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques." The context does not discuss medical science branches; hence, this sense is not relevant.

2. **medicine%1:06:00::** - This sense defines "medicine" as "something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease." The synonyms provided are "medication," "medicament," and "medicinal drug." Given that Cerenia is used to treat or prevent vomiting, this sense aligns well with the context.

3. **medicine%1:04:00::** - This sense refers to "the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries." The context is not about the profession or the field of study; it's about a specific substance used for treatment.

4. **medicine%1:04:02::** - This sense is about "punishment for one's actions," with a synonym "music" and examples like "you have to face the music; take your medicine." This sense is metaphorical and unrelated to the literal use of a substance for medical treatment.

Given the context, where "Cerenia" is referred to as a "medicine" used to treat or prevent vomiting in dogs, the most appropriate sense is the one that refers to a substance used for medical treatment.

The best match is sense 2, as it directly relates to something (in this case, Cerenia) that treats or prevents the symptoms of disease (vomiting in dogs).

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dog
Target surface form: dogs
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in <t>dogs</t> that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: | definition=a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds | synonyms=domestic dog, Canis familiaris | examples=the dog barked all night
2. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: | definition=a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman | synonyms=frump | examples=she got a reputation as a frump; she's a real dog
3. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: | definition=informal term for a man | examples=you lucky dog
4. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who is morally reprehensible | synonyms=cad, bounder, blackguard, hound, heel | examples=you dirty dog
5. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: | definition=a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll | synonyms=frank, frankfurter, hotdog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie
6. sense_key=dog%1:06:00:: | definition=a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward | synonyms=pawl, detent, click
7. sense_key=dog%1:06:01:: | definition=metal supports for logs in a fireplace | synonyms=andiron, firedog, dog-iron | examples=the andirons were too hot to touch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: placebo
Target surface form: placebo
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a <t>placebo</t>, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=placebo%1:06:00:: | definition=an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug
2. sense_key=placebo%1:04:00:: | definition=(Roman Catholic Church) vespers of the office for the dead

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the correct sense of the word "placebo" in the given context, let's analyze the information provided.

1. **Context Analysis**: The text discusses the efficacy of a drug named Cerenia in preventing or treating vomiting in dogs. It mentions that studies were conducted comparing the outcomes in dogs that received Cerenia versus those that received a placebo.

2. **Understanding the Term "Placebo"**: The term "placebo" is used in the context of medical or scientific research to refer to a treatment that appears to be real but has no actual therapeutic effect. This is typically used as a control in experiments to compare the effect of the actual treatment against a non-active treatment.

3. **Examining the Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: Refers to "an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug." This definition aligns with the use of "placebo" in medical research as a control measure.
   - **Sense 2**: Relates to "(Roman Catholic Church) vespers of the office for the dead." This is a completely different context, related to a religious service rather than medical or scientific research.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context provided is clearly about a medical study comparing the effectiveness of a drug (Cerenia) against a non-active treatment (placebo).
   - The use of "placebo" here directly corresponds to its definition in medical research as an inert or innocuous treatment used for comparison.

Given the context and the definitions provided, the use of "placebo" in the sentence clearly refers to its role in medical research as an inert substance used for comparison.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "placebo" in this context is the one related to its use in medical experiments.

The response should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the <t>treatment</t> or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "treatment" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The context revolves around "Cerenia," a medicine used for dogs, and its effectiveness in preventing or treating vomiting. The text discusses how Cerenia works, its study, and the benefits shown during these studies. It specifically mentions "in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting" and "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection."

2. **Understanding the Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)**: This sense is related to medical care or intervention.
   - **2. the management of someone or something**: This is a broader sense that could apply to various contexts, including but not limited to medical.
   - **3. a manner of dealing with something artistically**: This sense is related to artistic or creative handling of a subject.
   - **4. an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic**: This refers to a discussion or discourse on a particular subject.

3. **Applying Context to Candidate Senses**:
   - The context is clearly medical, focusing on the use of a drug to prevent or treat vomiting in dogs.
   - The first sense directly relates to medical procedures or applications intended to relieve illness or injury, which fits the context of using Cerenia to treat or prevent vomiting.
   - The second sense, while broad, could potentially apply but is less specific to the medical context than the first sense.
   - The third and fourth senses do not fit the context as they relate to artistic handling and discussion or discourse, respectively.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - Given the context is about medical treatment, the most relevant sense is the first one: "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)".
   - This corresponds to **sense_index = 1**.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "treatment" in the given context is: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The <t>treatment</t> of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "treatment" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses Cerenia, a medicine used to prevent or treat vomiting in dogs. It mentions studies conducted on the effectiveness of Cerenia, comparing it to a placebo, and describes how the treatment should be administered.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The target word is "treatment" as it appears in the sentence: "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection..."

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)**: This sense is related to medical care or intervention.
   - **2. the management of someone or something**: This is a broader sense that could apply to various contexts, including but not limited to medical.
   - **3. a manner of dealing with something artistically**: This sense is more related to artistic or creative handling of a subject.
   - **4. an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic**: This refers to a discussion or discourse on a particular subject.

4. **Applying Context to Candidate Senses**:
   - The context is clearly medical, discussing the administration of a drug to dogs.
   - The first sense directly relates to medical procedures or applications intended to relieve illness or injury, which fits the context of administering Cerenia to dogs to prevent or treat vomiting.
   - The sentence specifically talks about starting the "treatment" with an injection for a vomiting dog, indicating a medical intervention.

5. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - Given the medical context and the discussion around the administration of a medicine, the most appropriate sense is the one related to medical care or intervention.
   - The first sense ("care provided to improve a situation...") directly corresponds to this context.

6. **Conclusion**: The best indexed sense for "treatment" in the given context is the first one, which corresponds to **1**.

Therefore, the JSON response is: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dog
Target surface form: dog
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting <t>dog</t> should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: | definition=a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds | synonyms=domestic dog, Canis familiaris | examples=the dog barked all night
2. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: | definition=a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman | synonyms=frump | examples=she got a reputation as a frump; she's a real dog
3. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: | definition=informal term for a man | examples=you lucky dog
4. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who is morally reprehensible | synonyms=cad, bounder, blackguard, hound, heel | examples=you dirty dog
5. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: | definition=a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll | synonyms=frank, frankfurter, hotdog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie
6. sense_key=dog%1:06:00:: | definition=a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward | synonyms=pawl, detent, click
7. sense_key=dog%1:06:01:: | definition=metal supports for logs in a fireplace | synonyms=andiron, firedog, dog-iron | examples=the andirons were too hot to touch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: started
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be <t>started</t> with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "started" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again)."

Here, "started" is used in the context of initiating or beginning a treatment. The phrase "should be started" indicates the commencement of an action (the treatment) with a specific method or step (the injection).

Let's examine the relevant candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=start%2:30:00::** - "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" - This sense fits the context as it involves beginning an action (treatment) with a specific step (injection).

2. **sense_key=start%2:30:01::** - "set in motion, cause to start" - While this involves causing something to begin, it implies a more active role in initiating the action.

3. Other senses relate to different contexts such as leaving, having a beginning in a temporal or spatial sense, bringing into being, getting off the ground, etc., which are less directly related to the context of starting a treatment.

The most relevant sense here is "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" because it directly relates to beginning a treatment with a specific initial step (the injection). This matches with **sense_index: 1**.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "started" in the given context is: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: injection
Target surface form: injection
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the <t>injection</t>, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00:: | definition=the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure
2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00:: | definition=any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant
3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe | synonyms=shot | examples=the nurse gave him a flu shot

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "injection" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses the use of Cerenia, a medicine, in treating or preventing vomiting in dogs. It mentions that the treatment should start with an "injection" because vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The word "injection" is used in the context of administering a medicine to dogs.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00::**: This definition refers to "the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure." While this could technically apply to an injection, it doesn't directly relate to the medical context of administering a substance via a syringe.
   - **2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00::**: This defines "injection" as "any solution that is injected (as into the skin)" with "injectant" as a synonym. This sense focuses on the substance being injected rather than the act itself.
   - **3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01::**: This is defined as "the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe" with "shot" as a synonym. An example given is "the nurse gave him a flu shot." This directly relates to the medical administration context.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context clearly indicates that "injection" refers to a method of administering Cerenia, specifically as a starting point for treatment because the dog is vomiting and might not be able to retain oral medication.
   - The most relevant definition is the one that involves administering a substance via a syringe, which is directly related to medical treatment.

5. **Decision**:
   - Sense 3 directly corresponds to the act of administering a medicine through a syringe, fitting the context provided.

The final answer is: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: able
Target surface form: able
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be <t>able</t> to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=able%3:00:00:: | definition=(usually followed by `to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something | examples=able to swim; she was able to program her computer
2. sense_key=able%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well | synonyms=capable | examples=able teachers; a capable administrator
3. sense_key=able%5:00:00:capable:00 | definition=having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity | examples=able to learn; human beings are able to walk on two feet
4. sense_key=able%5:00:00:fit:01 | definition=having a strong healthy body | synonyms=able-bodied | examples=an able seaman; every able-bodied young man served in the army

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "able" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is discussing the treatment of vomiting dogs with Cerenia, a medicine that prevents vomiting. The specific sentence with the target word is: "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again)."

Here, "able to keep a tablet down" refers to the capability or physical ability of the vomiting animals to retain a tablet, rather than their skill, know-how, or being competent in some task.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense refers to having the necessary means, skill, know-how, or authority to do something. While it involves "able to" doing something, it leans more towards capability due to having certain prerequisites or skills.

2. The second and third senses both relate to having ability or capacity. The second sense is about being competent or capable, often used for people or their roles (e.g., "able teachers"). The third sense is more general, referring to having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity.

3. The fourth sense is about having a strong, healthy body.

In the given context, "able to keep a tablet down" is discussing the physical capability or capacity of vomiting dogs to retain tablets. This is not directly related to their healthiness or being "able-bodied" as in the fourth sense. It's more about their physical state or condition at the moment (vomiting) affecting their ability to keep something down.

The most relevant sense here is related to having the physical ability or capacity to do something, which aligns with the third sense: "having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity." The dogs' ability to keep a tablet down is compromised due to their vomiting.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "able" in this context is the third sense.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tablet
Target surface form: tablet
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a <t>tablet</t> down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tablet%1:06:02:: | definition=a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription
2. sense_key=tablet%1:27:00:: | definition=a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge | synonyms=pad, pad of paper
3. sense_key=tablet%1:06:01:: | definition=a small flat compressed cake of some substance | examples=a tablet of soap
4. sense_key=tablet%1:06:00:: | definition=a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet | synonyms=pill, lozenge, tab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "tablet" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses a medicine named Cerenia, its study, and its effectiveness in preventing or treating vomiting in dogs. It mentions that the treatment starts with an injection but can be followed up with tablets administered by the dog owner.

2. **Target Word Context**: The specific sentence where "tablet" appears is: "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again)." This indicates that "tablet" refers to a form of medicine.

3. **Candidate Senses Analysis**:
   - **1. a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription**: This sense is unrelated to the context of medicine or veterinary treatment.
   - **2. a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge**: This refers to a "pad of paper," which is not relevant to the context.
   - **3. a small flat compressed cake of some substance**: While this could potentially refer to a form of medicine or substance, the specific example given is "a tablet of soap," which doesn't directly relate to medicinal tablets.
   - **4. a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet**: This is directly related to the context, as it refers to a medicinal tablet. The synonyms provided are "pill," "lozenge," and "tab," all of which are forms of medicinal doses.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context clearly indicates that "tablet" is being used to refer to a form of medicine.
   - Sense 4 directly corresponds to this usage, with relevant synonyms like "pill" and "lozenge."
   - Although Sense 3 could potentially be related because it describes a compressed form, it's more generic and not specifically medicinal. The example given ("a tablet of soap") is not medicinal.

Given the context and the definitions, the most appropriate sense for "tablet" is **4. a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet**.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is: {"sense_index": 4}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: intact
Target surface form: intact
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the <t>intact</t> tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=intact%5:00:00:whole:00 | definition=constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged; - Bacon | synonyms=integral, entire | examples=a local motion keepeth bodies integral; was able to keep the collection entire during his lifetime
2. sense_key=intact%5:00:00:uninjured:00 | definition=(of a woman) having the hymen unbroken | synonyms=inviolate | examples=she was intact, virginal
3. sense_key=intact%5:00:00:uncastrated:00 | definition=(used of domestic animals) sexually competent | synonyms=entire | examples=an entire horse
4. sense_key=intact%5:00:00:undamaged:00 | definition=undamaged in any way | examples=the vase remained intact despit rough handling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the word "intact" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The text discusses the effectiveness of a medicine called Cerenia in preventing or treating vomiting in dogs. It mentions that vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down as they might throw the intact tablet up again.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The word "intact" is used to describe the state of the tablet when it is thrown up by the vomiting animal.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. Constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged**: This sense implies something being whole or complete without any essential parts missing or damaged. The synonyms are "integral" and "entire".
   - **2. (Of a woman) having the hymen unbroken**: This sense is related to the condition of being virginal or having the hymen intact. It is not relevant to the context of tablets or objects.
   - **3. (Used of domestic animals) sexually competent**: This sense refers to animals that are not castrated or neutered. It is not applicable to the context of tablets.
   - **4. Undamaged in any way**: This sense implies that something remains without any damage. The example given is "the vase remained intact despite rough handling".

4. **Applying Context to Candidate Senses**: The context is about a tablet being thrown up by a vomiting dog. The relevant interpretation of "intact" here is that the tablet is not broken or damaged when it is thrown up.

5. **Choosing the Best Sense**:
   - Sense 1 refers to something being whole or complete, which could apply as the tablet is still in its original form.
   - Sense 4 directly refers to something being undamaged, which aligns with the idea of the tablet not being broken or altered when thrown up.

Given the context, both Sense 1 and Sense 4 seem plausible because they both convey the idea of the tablet being whole or undamaged. However, Sense 4 is more directly related to the condition of not being damaged, which fits the scenario of a tablet being thrown up without being broken down or altered.

6. **Decision**: The most appropriate sense for "intact" in this context is Sense 4, as it directly addresses the condition of the tablet being undamaged or not broken when thrown up.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 4.

{"sense_index": 4}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tablet
Target surface form: tablet
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact <t>tablet</t> up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tablet%1:06:02:: | definition=a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription
2. sense_key=tablet%1:27:00:: | definition=a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge | synonyms=pad, pad of paper
3. sense_key=tablet%1:06:01:: | definition=a small flat compressed cake of some substance | examples=a tablet of soap
4. sense_key=tablet%1:06:00:: | definition=a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet | synonyms=pill, lozenge, tab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "tablet" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses a medicine named Cerenia, its study, and its effectiveness in preventing or treating vomiting in dogs. It mentions that the treatment starts with an injection but can be followed up with tablets administered by the dog owner.

2. **Target Word Context**: The specific sentence where the target word "tablet" appears is: "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again)." This indicates that "tablet" refers to a form of medicine.

3. **Candidate Senses Analysis**:
   - **1. a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription**: This sense is unrelated to the context of medicine or veterinary treatment.
   - **2. a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge**: This refers to a "pad" or "pad of paper," which is not relevant to the context.
   - **3. a small flat compressed cake of some substance**: Examples include "a tablet of soap." While this could potentially refer to a form of medicine, it's not the most specific or common term used for medicinal tablets.
   - **4. a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet**: This is defined with synonyms "pill, lozenge, tab," which are all related to medicinal forms.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context clearly indicates that "tablet" is being used to refer to a form of medicine.
   - Sense 4 directly corresponds to a medicinal context, aligning with the synonyms "pill, lozenge, tab."
   - The use of "tablet" in the context of administering medicine to dogs aligns with the definition of a dose of medicine.

Given the context and the definitions provided, the most appropriate sense for "tablet" is **4. a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet**.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is: {"sense_index": 4}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: follow-up
Target surface form: follow-up
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For <t>follow-up</t> treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=follow-up%1:06:00:: | definition=a piece of work that exploits or builds on earlier work | examples=his new software is a follow-up to the programs they started with
2. sense_key=follow-up%1:04:01:: | definition=an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done
3. sense_key=follow-up%1:04:00:: | definition=a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment | synonyms=reexamination, review

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "follow-up" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The text discusses the use of a medicine called Cerenia for treating or preventing vomiting in dogs. It mentions that the treatment starts with an injection, and for "follow-up" treatment, the animal owner can administer tablets.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The term "follow-up" is used in the context of continuing or subsequent treatment after the initial treatment has been administered.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. "a piece of work that exploits or builds on earlier work"**: This definition doesn't directly relate to medical treatment or the continuation of a therapeutic process. It seems more related to projects or research that build upon previous work.
   - **2. "an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done"**: This definition is broad and could encompass the concept of continuing a treatment. It implies a continuation or a follow-through on something previously started.
   - **3. "a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment"**: This is specific to medical contexts, involving a subsequent examination or check-up. The synonyms provided are "reexamination" and "review," which are relevant in a medical follow-up context.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context is medical, discussing the treatment of vomiting in dogs.
   - The term "follow-up" is used to describe the continuation of treatment after the initial injection.
   - While sense 3 directly refers to a "subsequent examination of a patient," the context here is about continuing treatment rather than just an examination. However, the closest and most relevant sense in a medical context is sense 3, as it directly pertains to medical follow-up. Sense 2 is also plausible because it talks about continuing something that has already begun, which applies to the treatment context.

5. **Decision**:
   - Sense 2 ("an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done") is the most appropriate because it accurately describes the continuation of treatment (from injection to tablets) without being too narrow (like sense 3, which focuses on examination).
   - However, given the specific medical context and the fact that "follow-up treatment" is a common term that could be closely related to monitoring or continuing treatment, we need to directly choose the best fit.

Given the context and the definitions, **{"sense_index": 2}** is the most suitable choice because it accurately describes the continuation of the treatment. However, I will directly provide the required JSON response based on the instructions.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: follow-up
Target surface form: follow-up
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For <t>follow-up</t> treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=follow-up%1:06:00:: | definition=a piece of work that exploits or builds on earlier work | examples=his new software is a follow-up to the programs they started with
2. sense_key=follow-up%1:04:01:: | definition=an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done
3. sense_key=follow-up%1:04:00:: | definition=a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment | synonyms=reexamination, review

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant]
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "follow-up" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The text discusses the use of a medicine called Cerenia for treating or preventing vomiting in dogs. It mentions that the treatment starts with an injection, and for "follow-up" treatment, the animal owner can administer tablets.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The term "follow-up" is used in the context of continuing or subsequent treatment after the initial treatment has been administered.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. "a piece of work that exploits or builds on earlier work"**: This definition doesn't directly relate to medical treatment or the continuation of a therapeutic process. It seems more related to projects or research that build upon previous work.
   - **2. "an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done"**: This definition is broad and could encompass the concept of continuing a treatment. It implies a continuation or a follow-through on something previously started.
   - **3. "a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment"**: This is specific to medical contexts, involving a subsequent examination or check-up. The synonyms provided are "reexamination" and "review," which are relevant in a medical follow-up context.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context is medical, discussing the treatment of vomiting in dogs.
   - The term "follow-up" is used to describe the continuation of treatment after the initial injection.
   - While sense 3 directly refers to a "subsequent examination of a patient," the context here is about continuing treatment rather than just an examination. However, the closest and most relevant sense in a medical context is sense 3, as it directly pertains to medical follow-up. Sense 2 is also plausible because it talks about continuing something that has already begun, which applies to the treatment context.

5. **Decision**:
   - Sense 2 ("an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done") is the most appropriate because it accurately describes the continuation of treatment (from injection to tablets) without being too narrow (like sense 3, which focuses on examination).
   - However, given the specific medical context and the fact that "follow-up treatment" is a common term that could be closely related to monitoring or continuing treatment, we need to directly choose the best fit.

Given the context and the definitions, **{"sense_index": 2}** is the most suitable choice because it accurately describes the continuation of the treatment. However, I will directly provide the required JSON response based on the instructions.

{"sense_index": 2}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 3. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up <t>treatment</t>, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "treatment" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The context revolves around the use of a medicine named Cerenia for preventing or treating vomiting in dogs. It discusses the effectiveness of Cerenia compared to a placebo, the method of administration (injection or tablets), and the importance of addressing the underlying causes of vomiting alongside the treatment.

2. **Understanding the Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: Refers to medical care or procedures intended to relieve illness or injury. The synonym provided is "intervention."
   - **Sense 2**: Involves the management of someone or something, with "handling" as a synonym. Examples include the handling of prisoners or the treatment of water sewage.
   - **Sense 3**: Relates to dealing with something artistically, with examples like architectural styles.
   - **Sense 4**: Concerns an extended communication or discussion on a particular topic, with synonyms like "discussion" or "discourse."

3. **Applying Context to Candidate Senses**:
   - The context is clearly about medical treatment for vomiting in dogs.
   - **Sense 1** aligns closely with this context as it refers to care provided to improve a medical situation.
   - **Sense 2**, while potentially applicable in a broad sense (management of a condition), is less directly related to medical treatment than Sense 1.
   - **Sense 3** and **Sense 4** are not relevant to the context as they pertain to artistic treatment and discussion or discourse, respectively.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - Given the context is about medical procedures and applications intended to relieve illness (vomiting in dogs), **Sense 1** is the most appropriate. It directly relates to medical care and interventions.

5. **Returning the Answer**:
   - The first sense is indexed as "1". Therefore, the best indexed sense for "treatment" in the given context is {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: owner
Target surface form: owner
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal <t>owner</t> can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=owner%1:18:00:: | definition=(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business | synonyms=proprietor | examples=he is the owner of a chain of restaurants
2. sense_key=owner%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who owns something | synonyms=possessor | examples=they are searching for the owner of the car; who is the owner of that friendly smile?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "owner" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The context is about a veterinary medicine called Cerenia, used to prevent or treat vomiting in dogs. It mentions that after initial treatment with an injection, the animal owner can administer tablets to the dog for follow-up treatment.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The target word is "owner," referring to the person who owns or has the dog.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: Refers to someone who owns a business. The example given is "he is the owner of a chain of restaurants." This sense doesn't fit the context because the text discusses pet ownership, not business ownership.
   - **Sense 2**: Defines a person who owns something, with the example "they are searching for the owner of the car; who is the owner of that friendly smile?" This sense is broad and encompasses owning various things, including animals.

4. **Applying Context to Candidate Senses**: The context clearly indicates that "owner" refers to the person who possesses or has a dog, not a business. Thus, the relevant sense is related to owning or possessing something, in this case, a pet.

5. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - Sense 1 is not relevant as it pertains to business ownership.
   - Sense 2 is relevant as it refers to a person owning something, which can include pets.

Given the context and the definitions provided, the best sense for "owner" is the one that aligns with owning or possessing something, which includes pets.

The correct JSON response is: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: administer
Target surface form: administer
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can <t>administer</t> the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=administer%2:41:00:: | definition=work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of | synonyms=administrate | examples=administer a program; she administers the funds
2. sense_key=administer%2:40:01:: | definition=perform (a church sacrament) ritually | examples=administer the last unction
3. sense_key=administer%2:40:00:: | definition=administer or bestow, as in small portions | synonyms=distribute, mete out, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense | examples=administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money
4. sense_key=administer%2:29:00:: | definition=give or apply (medications) | synonyms=dispense
5. sense_key=administer%2:41:01:: | definition=direct the taking of | examples=administer an exam; administer an oath

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "administer" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is about the administration of a medicine called Cerenia to dogs for the treatment or prevention of vomiting. The specific sentence with the target word is: "For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog."

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is related to working in an administrative capacity. This doesn't fit the context as the administration here refers to giving medicine, not managing or supervising.

2. The second sense involves performing a church sacrament ritually, which is unrelated to the context of giving medicine to dogs.

3. The third sense involves administering or bestowing something in small portions. While this could conceptually fit giving medicine, the synonyms and examples suggest it's more about distributing or dealing out, often in a more abstract or non-medical sense.

4. The fourth sense is about giving or applying medications, which directly aligns with the context. The synonym "dispense" is also relevant, as it relates to giving out medicine.

5. The fifth sense is about directing the taking of something, like an exam or an oath, which doesn't fit the context of giving medicine.

Given the context and the definitions, the most appropriate sense is the fourth one, which is about giving or applying medications. This is directly related to the action described in the sentence, where the animal owner is giving tablets (medicine) to the dog.

Thus, the best indexed sense for "administer" in this context is the one corresponding to "give or apply (medications)".

{"sense_index": 4}