[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: administer
Target surface form: administer
Context:
Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to <t>administer</t> to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=administer%2:41:00:: | definition=work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of | synonyms=administrate | examples=administer a program; she administers the funds
2. sense_key=administer%2:40:01:: | definition=perform (a church sacrament) ritually | examples=administer the last unction
3. sense_key=administer%2:40:00:: | definition=administer or bestow, as in small portions | synonyms=distribute, mete out, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense | examples=administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money
4. sense_key=administer%2:29:00:: | definition=give or apply (medications) | synonyms=dispense
5. sense_key=administer%2:41:01:: | definition=direct the taking of | examples=administer an exam; administer an oath

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "administer" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context discusses the potential for new cancer therapies based on the proteins produced by certain genes. Specifically, it mentions the idea of "administer[ing] to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes." This implies giving or applying these proteins to patients as a form of treatment.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense involves working in an administrative capacity, which doesn't fit the context of giving proteins to patients.
2. The second sense is related to performing a church sacrament ritually, which is unrelated to the context.
3. The third sense involves administering or bestowing something in small portions. While this could potentially fit in a broad sense, the specific action described in the context is more directly related to medical treatment.
4. The fourth sense is about giving or applying medications, which aligns closely with the context of administering proteins to patients as a therapeutic measure. The synonym "dispense" also supports this interpretation.
5. The fifth sense involves directing the taking of something, like an exam or an oath, which doesn't match the context.

Given the context and the candidate senses, the most appropriate sense is the fourth one, which is about giving or applying medications. This is directly related to the idea of administering therapeutic proteins to patients.

{"sense_index": 4}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to <t>patients</t> the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "patients" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses genetic research related to cancer, specifically focusing on the role of certain genes in cancer development and potential treatments. It mentions administering growth-controlling proteins to "patients" as a possible therapy.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The target word is "patients." We need to understand its meaning in the context provided.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "a person who requires medical care" with an example illustrating an increase in emergency patients. This sense directly relates to individuals receiving or needing medical attention.
   - **Sense 2**: Refers to a semantic role in a clause, specifically an entity not acting as the agent but directly involved in or affected by the action described by the verb. This is more about grammatical roles rather than a direct definition of a "patient" in a medical or everyday context.

4. **Applying Context to Candidate Senses**:
   - The passage is discussing medical research and potential treatments for cancer. The term "patients" is used in the context of administering new therapies or treatments.
   - The first sense directly corresponds to individuals who are receiving or are candidates for medical treatment, fitting the context of cancer research and treatment.
   - The second sense is more related to linguistic or semantic roles and does not directly relate to the medical context provided.

5. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - Given the context is about medical treatment and research, the most appropriate sense of "patients" is individuals requiring medical care.
   - The first sense ("a person who requires medical care") matches this interpretation.

6. **Returning the Answer**:
   - The first sense is indexed as "1." Therefore, the best indexed sense for "patients" in the given context is "1."

{"sense_index": 1}

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: healthy
Target surface form: healthy
Context:
Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by <t>healthy</t> versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=healthy%3:00:00:: | definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby; staying fit and healthy
2. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
3. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:wholesome:00 | definition=promoting health; healthful; ; ; ; ; - C.B.Davis | synonyms=salubrious, good for you | examples=a healthy diet; clean healthy air
4. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:reasonable:00 | definition=exercising or showing good judgment | synonyms=intelligent, levelheaded, sound | examples=healthy scepticism; a healthy fear of rattlesnakes
5. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:considerable:00 | definition=large in amount or extent or degree | synonyms=goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, sizable, sizeable | examples=it cost a considerable amount; a goodly amount

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "healthy" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context discusses genetic research related to cancer, specifically the role of certain genes in suppressing cancer and the potential for developing new therapies based on the proteins produced by these genes. The target word "healthy" is used in the context of "healthy versions of the damaged genes," referring to genes that are functioning properly and not damaged.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense refers to having or indicating good health in body or mind. While this sense is related to health, it typically refers to organisms or individuals rather than genes.

2. The second sense is related to being financially secure and functioning well, which doesn't directly relate to the context of genes and health.

3. The third sense is about promoting health or being healthful. The term "healthy" is used here in a context that could imply genes that are functioning in a way that promotes health or normal cellular function.

4. The fourth sense refers to exercising or showing good judgment, which doesn't directly apply to the condition or state of genes.

5. The fifth sense is about being large in amount or extent or degree, which doesn't fit the context of describing the state of genes.

Given the context, "healthy versions of the damaged genes" implies genes that are functioning correctly or are in a normal state, as opposed to being damaged. The closest sense that aligns with this interpretation is the first sense, as it relates to the concept of being free from infirmity or disease, which can be metaphorically extended to genes being in a normal or undamaged state.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "healthy" in this context is the first sense.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: version
Target surface form: versions
Context:
Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy <t>versions</t> of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=version%1:10:01:: | definition=an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint | examples=his version of the fight was different from mine
2. sense_key=version%1:09:01:: | definition=something a little different from others of the same type | synonyms=variant, variation, edition | examples=an experimental version of the night fighter; a variant of the same word
3. sense_key=version%1:10:02:: | definition=a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form | synonyms=adaptation | examples=the play is an adaptation of a short novel
4. sense_key=version%1:10:00:: | definition=a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language | synonyms=translation, interlingual rendition, rendering
5. sense_key=version%1:09:00:: | definition=a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something | synonyms=interpretation, reading
6. sense_key=version%1:04:00:: | definition=manual turning of a fetus in the uterus (usually to aid delivery)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the <t>damaged</t> genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "damaged" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses genetic factors related to cancer, specifically focusing on genes that, when defective or damaged, can lead to cancer. It mentions the potential for new therapies based on suppressor proteins and the idea of administering growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes to patients.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The word "damaged" is used to describe genes that are not functioning properly due to defects or mutations.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "harmed or injured or spoiled" with examples like "I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings." This sense implies a negative impact or deterioration in the state of something.
   - **Sense 2**: "being unjustly brought into disrepute" with synonyms like "discredited" and examples such as "a discredited politician; her damaged reputation." This sense refers to a negative impact on someone's or something's reputation.

4. **Applying Context to Candidate Senses**:
   - The context is about genes and their potential to cause cancer when they are defective. The term "damaged" here refers to genes that are not in their normal, healthy state due to mutations or defects.
   - The first sense ("harmed or injured or spoiled") fits this context because it describes a state of being negatively affected or impaired, which aligns with the concept of genes being defective or mutated.
   - The second sense ("being unjustly brought into disrepute") does not fit the context as it relates to reputation, not the physical or functional state of genes.

5. **Conclusion**: The use of "damaged" to describe genes that are defective or not functioning correctly aligns with the first sense, which describes something as harmed, injured, or spoiled.

Given the instructions and the analysis above, the best indexed sense for "damaged" is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: possible
Target surface form: possible
Context:
Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be <t>possible</t> to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=possible%3:00:00:: | definition=capable of happening or existing | examples=a breakthrough may be possible next year; anything is possible
2. sense_key=possible%3:00:04:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=potential | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "possible" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses recent advancements in cancer research, particularly focusing on the role of the retinoblastoma suppressor gene in various cancers. It mentions the potential for new therapies based on suppressor proteins and the idea of replacing defective genes with healthy versions. The sentence containing "possible" talks about the possibility of replacing defective genes with healthy ones.

2. **Understanding the Target Sentence**: The sentence "It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far." indicates a discussion about the feasibility or potential of a specific scientific technique or therapy.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "capable of happening or existing" with examples like "a breakthrough may be possible next year; anything is possible." This sense aligns with the idea of something being feasible or capable of happening.
   - **Sense 2**: "existing in possibility" with synonyms like "potential" and examples such as "a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power." This sense focuses on the existence of something as a potentiality.

4. **Applying Context to Candidate Senses**:
   - The context is discussing a future possibility or potential in the field of genetic therapy. The use of "possible" here relates to the feasibility or capability of achieving something (replacing defective genes with healthy versions).
   - Both senses seem to relate to the concept of potentiality or feasibility. However, the first sense directly addresses the capability of something happening or existing, which fits well with the context of discussing a future scientific or medical capability.

5. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - Given the context and the examples, **Sense 1** ("capable of happening or existing") is the most appropriate. It directly relates to the idea that replacing defective genes with healthy versions is something that could potentially happen or be done, aligning with the discussion of future possibilities in cancer treatment.

6. **Returning the Answer in the Required Format**:
Since the chosen sense is the first one listed, and assuming the indexing starts at 1, the correct index is 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: replace
Target surface form: replace
Context:
Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to <t>replace</t> defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=replace%2:30:00:: | definition=substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected) | examples=He replaced the old razor blade; We need to replace the secretary that left a month ago
2. sense_key=replace%2:41:00:: | definition=take the place or move into the position of | synonyms=supplant, supersede, supervene upon, supercede | examples=Smith replaced Miller as CEO after Miller left; the computer has supplanted the slide rule
3. sense_key=replace%2:35:00:: | definition=put something back where it belongs | synonyms=put back | examples=replace the book on the shelf after you have finished reading it; please put the clean dishes back in the cabinet when you have washed them
4. sense_key=replace%2:40:00:: | definition=put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items | synonyms=substitute, interchange, exchange | examples=the con artist replaced the original with a fake Rembrandt; substitute regular milk with fat-free milk

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "replace" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context discusses the potential future developments in cancer treatment based on recent discoveries related to genes and their role in cancer. Specifically, it mentions the possibility of administering growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of damaged genes or even replacing defective genes with healthy versions.

The sentence where "replace" appears is: "It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far."

Now, let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is defined as substituting a person or thing for another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected. The example given is "He replaced the old razor blade; We need to replace the secretary that left a month ago." This sense aligns with the context because "defective genes" can be considered as not working as expected, and "healthy versions" are being considered as substitutes.

2. The second sense involves taking the place or moving into the position of something or someone else, with synonyms like supplant, supersede. The example is "Smith replaced Miller as CEO after Miller left." While this involves a change, it's more about one entity taking over the role or position of another, which is somewhat applicable but not directly related to fixing or correcting a problem like defective genes.

3. The third sense is about putting something back where it belongs, with the synonym "put back." The examples given are "replace the book on the shelf after you have finished reading it; please put the clean dishes back in the cabinet when you have washed them." This doesn't directly apply to the context of replacing defective genes with healthy ones because it implies returning something to its original place rather than substituting one thing for another.

4. The fourth sense involves putting something in the place of another, switching seemingly equivalent items, with synonyms like substitute, interchange, exchange. The example is "the con artist replaced the original with a fake Rembrandt; substitute regular milk with fat-free milk." This sense is relevant as it involves substituting one thing for another.

Given the context, the action of replacing "defective genes with healthy versions" is most closely related to substituting one thing for another that is considered better or more functional. Both the first and fourth senses involve substitution, but the first sense specifically mentions substituting something that is "broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected," which directly applies to "defective genes."

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "replace" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: healthy
Target surface form: healthy
Context:
Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with <t>healthy</t> versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=healthy%3:00:00:: | definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby; staying fit and healthy
2. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
3. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:wholesome:00 | definition=promoting health; healthful; ; ; ; ; - C.B.Davis | synonyms=salubrious, good for you | examples=a healthy diet; clean healthy air
4. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:reasonable:00 | definition=exercising or showing good judgment | synonyms=intelligent, levelheaded, sound | examples=healthy scepticism; a healthy fear of rattlesnakes
5. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:considerable:00 | definition=large in amount or extent or degree | synonyms=goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, sizable, sizeable | examples=it cost a considerable amount; a goodly amount

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "healthy" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is about genetic research related to cancer, specifically about using genes or proteins to potentially slow or reverse tumor growth. The sentence mentions "healthy versions of the damaged genes" and the possibility of replacing "defective genes with healthy versions."

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense refers to having or indicating good health in body or mind. While this is related to health, the context is more about the functionality or normal state of genes rather than the health of an organism directly.

2. The second sense is about being financially secure and functioning well, which doesn't directly relate to the context of genes and health.

3. The third sense is about promoting health or being healthful. The term "healthy" is used here in the context of genes being in a normal or functional state, not directly about promoting health, though there's a connection in that healthy genes contribute to overall health.

4. The fourth sense refers to exercising or showing good judgment, which doesn't directly apply to the context of genes.

5. The fifth sense is about being large in amount or extent or degree, which doesn't fit the context.

Given the context, "healthy versions of the damaged genes" implies genes that are functioning normally or are in a normal state, as opposed to being damaged. The closest sense that relates to this context is the first one, as it deals with the concept of being free from infirmity or disease, which can be metaphorically extended to genes being in a normal or undamaged state.

Thus, the best sense for "healthy" in this context is related to the concept of being in a good or normal state, which aligns with the first sense.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: version
Target surface form: versions
Context:
Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy <t>versions</t>, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=version%1:10:01:: | definition=an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint | examples=his version of the fight was different from mine
2. sense_key=version%1:09:01:: | definition=something a little different from others of the same type | synonyms=variant, variation, edition | examples=an experimental version of the night fighter; a variant of the same word
3. sense_key=version%1:10:02:: | definition=a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form | synonyms=adaptation | examples=the play is an adaptation of a short novel
4. sense_key=version%1:10:00:: | definition=a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language | synonyms=translation, interlingual rendition, rendering
5. sense_key=version%1:09:00:: | definition=a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something | synonyms=interpretation, reading
6. sense_key=version%1:04:00:: | definition=manual turning of a fetus in the uterus (usually to aid delivery)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: come_close
Target surface form: come close
Context:
Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has <t>come close</t> to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=come_close%2:41:00:: | definition=nearly do something | examples=She came close to quitting her job
2. sense_key=come_close%2:42:00:: | definition=be close or similar | synonyms=approximate | examples=Her results approximate my own

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "come close" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses recent advancements in cancer research, particularly focusing on the role of the retinoblastoma suppressor gene in various cancers. It mentions potential future developments, such as new therapies based on suppressor proteins and the possibility of replacing defective genes with healthy ones. The sentence containing "come close" talks about the challenge of replacing defective genes with healthy versions, indicating that this task is difficult and has not been achieved yet.

2. **Understanding "come close" in Context**: The phrase "come close" is used in the sentence "though no one has come close to doing that so far." Here, it implies that nobody has nearly achieved or succeeded in replacing defective genes with healthy versions.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "nearly do something" with an example "She came close to quitting her job." This sense fits the context because "come close to doing something" means to be near to achieving or doing something, but not quite succeeding.
   - **Sense 2**: "be close or similar" with a synonym "approximate" and an example "Her results approximate my own." This sense does not fit as well because the context is about achieving a specific task (replacing defective genes) rather than comparing similarity between things.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**: Based on the context and the provided examples, "come close" is used to indicate that someone has nearly done or achieved something (in this case, replacing defective genes with healthy versions). This aligns with **Sense 1**: "nearly do something."

5. **Returning the Answer**: Since Sense 1 is the correct interpretation, and it is listed as the first candidate sense, the corresponding index is 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, <t>says</t> Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "says" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, 'We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer.'"

Here, "says" is used to attribute a quote to Dr. Minna. The word is indicating that Dr. Minna is the one expressing the opinion or statement that follows.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **express in words** - This is a plausible sense as "says" is used to express Dr. Minna's words.
2. **report or maintain** - This sense could also apply as "says" is used to report Dr. Minna's statement.
3. **express a supposition** - This doesn't fit well as there's no supposition being expressed by "says" in this context.
4. **have or contain a certain wording or form** - This doesn't apply directly as "says" is not describing the wording or form of something.
5. **give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority** - This doesn't fit as "says" is not used to give instructions.
6. **speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way** - While related to speaking, this sense is more about the manner of speaking, which isn't the focus here.
7. **communicate or express nonverbally** - This doesn't apply as "says" is used to attribute verbal communication.
8. **utter aloud** - This is a possible sense since Dr. Minna is uttering the quote aloud.
9. **state as one's opinion or judgement; declare** - This sense fits well as "says" is used to attribute a statement (potentially an opinion or judgment) to Dr. Minna.
10. **recite or repeat a fixed text** - This doesn't apply directly as there's no indication that Dr. Minna is reciting a fixed text.
11. **indicate** - This sense is more about something (like a sign or signal) indicating something, which isn't the case here.

The use of "says" here is to attribute a direct quote to Dr. Minna, which aligns with expressing or stating something. Between the plausible options, **1. express in words** and **9. state as one's opinion or judgement; declare** are strong candidates. However, given that "says" is directly followed by a quote and is attributing it to Dr. Minna, the most straightforward interpretation is that it is being used to **express in words** what Dr. Minna is saying.

Thus, the best indexed sense for "says" in this context is **1**.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: witness
Target surface form: witnessing
Context:
Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're <t>witnessing</t> the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=witness%2:39:00:: | definition=be a witness to | examples=She witnessed the accident and had to testify in court
2. sense_key=witness%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=find, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "witnessing" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The sentence where "witnessing" appears is: "In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, 'We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer.'" Here, "witnessing" is used to mean observing or being present during a significant event or process, which is the discovery related to cancer genesis.

2. **Candidate Senses Analysis**:
   - **Sense 1**: `witness%2:39:00::` is defined as "be a witness to" with an example of testifying in court after witnessing an accident. This implies a more direct and often formal witnessing, typically with legal connotations.
   - **Sense 2**: `witness%2:39:01::` is defined as "perceive or be contemporaneous with." It is associated with synonyms like "find" and "see," and examples include observing events or states ("We found Republicans winning the offices"; "You'll see a lot of cheating in this school"). This sense involves observing or experiencing something as it happens.

3. **Choosing the Best Sense**:
   - The context suggests that Dr. Minna is observing or experiencing the discovery of a crucial step in cancer genesis. This is not about testifying in a legal context but rather about being contemporaneous with or perceiving a significant development in cancer research.
   - The usage aligns more closely with "perceive or be contemporaneous with" (Sense 2), as it involves observing a significant event or process (the discovery related to cancer) as it unfolds.

4. **Indexed Sense Selection**: The candidate senses are indexed starting from 1. Thus, the first sense (`witness%2:39:00::`) corresponds to index 1, and the second sense (`witness%2:39:01::`) corresponds to index 2.

Given the analysis, the best sense for "witnessing" in the provided context is the second sense, which corresponds to index **2**.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discovery
Context:
Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the <t>discovery</t> of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "discovery" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses the progress and potential outcomes of research related to genes and cancer. It mentions the anticipation of a "cascade of discoveries" that could lead to predictive tests, new therapies, and possibly new cancer drugs. The specific sentence with the target word is: "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer."

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The word "discovery" is used in the context of scientific research and breakthroughs. The sentence implies that something significant is being found or understood regarding the genesis of cancer.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00::**: This sense refers to "the act of discovering something." The synonyms provided are "find" and "uncovering." This sense is about the process of discovering.
   - **2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00::**: This defines "something that is discovered." It refers to the outcome or result of the discovery process.
   - **3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00::**: This is described as "a productive insight" with synonyms "breakthrough" and "find." It implies a significant understanding or finding that has a substantial impact.
   - **4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01::**: This sense is related to legal proceedings, specifically the compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents. It's unrelated to the context provided.

4. **Choosing the Best Sense**:
   - The context is about scientific research and a significant finding related to cancer.
   - The sentence "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer" suggests that "discovery" refers to the act or result of finding something significant.
   - Sense 1 ("the act of discovering something") could fit because it refers to the process. However, the phrase "one of the most important steps" suggests a specific finding or result rather than the general act of discovering.
   - Sense 2 ("something that is discovered") is a strong candidate because it directly refers to the result of the discovery process, which aligns with the context of finding an important step in cancer genesis.
   - Sense 3 ("a productive insight") is also plausible because it implies a significant finding or understanding, which is in line with the context of a breakthrough in understanding cancer.

5. **Decision**:
   - Between senses 1, 2, and 3, sense 1 refers to the act, sense 2 to the result, and sense 3 to a significant insight or breakthrough.
   - The context suggests that "discovery" here is likely referring to a significant finding or result (the identification of an important step in cancer genesis), which could be either sense 2 or sense 3.
   - Sense 3 is particularly appealing because "breakthrough" is a synonym, and the discovery is described as one of the "most important steps," implying a significant insight.

Given the context and the descriptions, **{"sense_index": 3}** is the most appropriate choice because it aligns with the notion of a significant finding or "breakthrough" in understanding cancer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the <t>most</t> important steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. sense_key=most%4:02:01:: | definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. sense_key=most%4:02:02:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "most" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer."

1. The first sense (most%4:02:00::) is defined as "used to form the superlative" with synonyms "to the highest degree" and examples like "the king cobra is the most dangerous snake." The context here is about forming a superlative, indicating something is of the highest degree or rank among others. The phrase "one of the most important steps" suggests that the discovery is among the very significant steps, implying a superlative form.

2. The second sense (most%4:02:01::) is defined as "very" with examples like "a most welcome relief." While "most" can be used to mean "very," the context provided doesn't directly support this interpretation because "one of the very important steps" would slightly alter the nuance to emphasize the degree rather than the ranking.

3. The third sense (most%4:02:02::) is defined as "(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but" with synonyms like "almost," "nearly," and examples such as "the job is (just) about done." This sense doesn't fit the given context as "one of the almost important steps" doesn't convey a meaningful or relevant interpretation.

Given the context and the examples, the use of "most" in "one of the most important steps" aligns with forming a superlative, indicating that the discovery is among the most significant or important steps in the genesis of cancer. This matches the first sense.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "most" in the given context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: important
Target surface form: important
Context:
Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most <t>important</t> steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=important%3:00:00:: | definition=of great significance or value | synonyms=of import | examples=important people; the important questions of the day
2. sense_key=important%3:00:04:: | definition=important in effect or meaning | synonyms=significant | examples=a significant change in tax laws; a significant change in the Constitution
3. sense_key=important%3:00:02:: | definition=of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis | synonyms=crucial | examples=a crucial moment in his career; a crucial election
4. sense_key=important%5:00:00:influential:00 | definition=having authority or ascendancy or influence | synonyms=authoritative | examples=an important official; the captain's authoritative manner
5. sense_key=important%5:00:00:immodest:02 | definition=having or suggesting a consciousness of high position | examples=recited the decree with an important air; took long important strides in the direction of his office

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "important" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is discussing a significant discovery related to the genesis of cancer and its potential impact on future treatments or therapies. The sentence where "important" is used is: "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer."

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense defines "important" as "of great significance or value." The context suggests that the discovery is significant in understanding cancer, which aligns with this definition.

2. The second sense is defined as "important in effect or meaning" with the synonym "significant." While this could apply, the context suggests a stronger implication than just being significant.

3. The third sense is "of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis" with the synonym "crucial." The discovery of a key step in the genesis of cancer could be seen as crucial or vital, especially if it leads to new therapies or understanding.

4. The fourth sense relates to "having authority or ascendancy or influence," which doesn't directly apply to the context of a discovery being a step in understanding cancer.

5. The fifth sense implies "having or suggesting a consciousness of high position," which doesn't fit the context as it's describing a discovery, not a person's demeanor or position.

Given the context, the discovery is not just significant or important but is described in a manner that suggests it is crucial or vital to understanding cancer. The use of "one of the most important steps" indicates a high level of significance that aligns closely with being "vital to the resolution of a crisis" or crucial, as it pertains to a major development in cancer research.

Therefore, the best sense for "important" in this context is the third sense, which is associated with being crucial or of extreme importance.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: step
Target surface form: steps
Context:
Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important <t>steps</t> in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=step%1:04:02:: | definition=any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal | synonyms=measure | examples=the situation called for strong measures; the police took steps to reduce crime
2. sense_key=step%1:23:00:: | definition=the distance covered by a step | synonyms=footstep, pace, stride | examples=he stepped off ten paces from the old tree and began to dig
3. sense_key=step%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of changing location by raising the foot and setting it down | examples=he walked with unsteady steps
4. sense_key=step%1:06:00:: | definition=support consisting of a place to rest the foot while ascending or descending a stairway | synonyms=stair | examples=he paused on the bottom step
5. sense_key=step%1:26:00:: | definition=relative position in a graded series | synonyms=gradation | examples=always a step behind; subtle gradations in color
6. sense_key=step%1:23:01:: | definition=a short distance | synonyms=stone's throw | examples=it's only a step to the drugstore
7. sense_key=step%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a step of someone walking | synonyms=footfall, footstep | examples=he heard footsteps on the porch
8. sense_key=step%1:10:00:: | definition=a musical interval of two semitones | synonyms=tone, whole tone, whole step
9. sense_key=step%1:10:02:: | definition=a mark of a foot or shoe on a surface | synonyms=footprint, footmark | examples=the police made casts of the footprints in the soft earth outside the window
10. sense_key=step%1:06:01:: | definition=a solid block joined to the beams in which the heel of a ship's mast or capstan is fixed
11. sense_key=step%1:04:03:: | definition=a sequence of foot movements that make up a particular dance | synonyms=dance step | examples=he taught them the waltz step

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: genesis
Target surface form: genesis
Context:
Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the <t>genesis</t> of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=genesis%1:11:00:: | definition=a coming into being | synonyms=generation
2. sense_key=genesis%1:10:00:: | definition=the first book of the Old Testament: tells of Creation; Adam and Eve; the Fall of Man; Cain and Abel; Noah and the flood; God's covenant with Abraham; Abraham and Isaac; Jacob and Esau; Joseph and his brothers | synonyms=Book of Genesis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "genesis" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses recent scientific discoveries related to genes, cancer, and potential new therapies based on understanding gene functions and their impact on cancer. The specific sentence where "genesis" appears is: "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer." Here, "genesis" refers to the process or origin of cancer.

2. **Candidate Senses Analysis**:
   - **Sense 1**: `genesis%1:11:00::` is defined as "a coming into being" with a synonym "generation". This sense aligns with the concept of something originating or coming into existence.
   - **Sense 2**: `genesis%1:10:00::` refers to the "first book of the Old Testament: tells of Creation; Adam and Eve; the Fall of Man; Cain and Abel; Noah and the flood; God's covenant with Abraham; Abraham and Isaac; Jacob and Esau; Joseph and his brothers" with a synonym "Book of Genesis". This is a specific biblical reference.

3. **Applying Context to Candidate Senses**:
   - The context is about the scientific understanding of cancer and its development. The term "genesis" is used in relation to the origin or development of cancer.
   - The first sense ("a coming into being") fits this context as it relates to the origin or the process of something (in this case, cancer) coming into existence.
   - The second sense is related to a biblical text and does not fit the scientific or medical context provided.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - Given that the context is about the origin or development of cancer, the most appropriate sense is the one related to "a coming into being" or "generation", which is **Sense 1**.

5. **Returning the Answer in the Required Format**:
   - The index of Sense 1 is "1".

Thus, the best indexed sense for "genesis" in the given context is: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of <t>cancer</t>.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teach
Target surface form: teach
Context:
Why ca not we <t>teach</t> our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teach%2:32:00:: | definition=impart skills or knowledge to | synonyms=learn, instruct | examples=I taught them French; He instructed me in building a boat
2. sense_key=teach%2:30:00:: | definition=accustom gradually to some action or attitude | examples=The child is taught to obey her parents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "teach" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information.

The context is: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do."

The candidate senses are:
1. sense_key=teach%2:32:00:: | definition=impart skills or knowledge to | synonyms=learn, instruct | examples=I taught them French; He instructed me in building a boat
2. sense_key=teach%2:30:00:: | definition=accustom gradually to some action or attitude | examples=The child is taught to obey her parents

First, we should understand the context. The sentence is discussing the ability to teach children basic skills such as reading, writing, and reckoning (arithmetic).

Now, let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense involves imparting skills or knowledge to someone. The examples given include teaching a language ("I taught them French") and instructing someone in a specific skill ("He instructed me in building a boat"). The synonyms provided are "learn" and "instruct," which both relate to the act of imparting knowledge or skills. The context of teaching children to read, write, and reckon aligns with imparting skills or knowledge.

2. The second sense is about accustoming someone gradually to some action or attitude, with the example given being "The child is taught to obey her parents." This implies a sense of habituating or conditioning someone to behave in a certain way.

Given the context, the act of teaching children to read, write, and reckon is more closely related to imparting skills or knowledge. Thus, the first sense is more appropriate.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "teach" in the given context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
Why ca not we teach our <t>children</t> to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "children" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The sentence is "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do." The context is about teaching basic skills to children, indicating that "children" refers to young individuals, likely in an educational or developmental stage.

2. **Candidate Senses Analysis**:
   - **1. sense_key=child%1:18:00::**: This sense refers to "a young person of either sex." The synonyms include "kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry," and an example is "she writes books for children; they're just kids." This sense aligns well with the context of teaching to read, write, and reckon, as it pertains to young individuals.
   - **2. sense_key=child%1:18:01::**: This defines "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age." While this could potentially fit, the context emphasizes teaching basic skills, suggesting a focus on younger individuals rather than offspring of any age.
   - **3. sense_key=child%1:18:06::**: This refers to "an immature childish person." The synonym given is "baby," and examples include "he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!" This sense doesn't directly relate to the context of teaching children basic skills as it leans more towards the behavior or maturity level rather than age.
   - **4. sense_key=child%1:18:07::**: This sense is about "a member of a clan or tribe," as in "the children of Israel." This doesn't fit the given context as it refers to a more specific, tribal, or biblical context.

3. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context is about teaching children to read, write, and reckon, which suggests that "children" refers to young individuals, likely in the early stages of education or development.
   - Sense 1 directly corresponds to this understanding, as it defines "child" as "a young person of either sex" and is associated with examples that fit the educational context.
   - Sense 2, while plausible, is broader in scope as it includes offspring of any age, not necessarily focusing on the young or those in the early stages of learning.

Given the context and the analysis, the most appropriate sense is **1**, as it directly relates to young individuals and aligns with the context of teaching basic skills.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: read
Target surface form: read
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to <t>read</t>, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=read%2:31:00:: | definition=interpret something that is written or printed | examples=read the advertisement; Have you read Salman Rushdie?
2. sense_key=read%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=say | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
3. sense_key=read%2:31:01:: | definition=look at, interpret, and say out loud something that is written or printed | examples=The King will read the proclamation at noon
4. sense_key=read%2:31:06:: | definition=obtain data from magnetic tapes | synonyms=scan | examples=This dictionary can be read by the computer
5. sense_key=read%2:31:02:: | definition=interpret the significance of, as of palms, tea leaves, intestines, the sky; also of human behavior | examples=She read the sky and predicted rain; I can't read his strange behavior
6. sense_key=read%2:31:09:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=take | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=read%2:31:05:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, take | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
8. sense_key=read%2:32:02:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=register, show, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
9. sense_key=read%2:36:05:: | definition=audition for a stage role by reading parts of a role | examples=He is auditioning for `Julius Caesar' at Stratford this year
10. sense_key=read%2:31:08:: | definition=to hear and understand | examples=I read you loud and clear!
11. sense_key=read%2:31:04:: | definition=make sense of a language | synonyms=understand, interpret, translate | examples=She understands French; Can you read Greek?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: write
Target surface form: write
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, <t>write</t> and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=write%2:36:00:: | definition=produce a literary work | synonyms=compose, pen, indite | examples=She composed a poem; He wrote four novels
2. sense_key=write%2:32:00:: | definition=communicate or express by writing | examples=Please write to me every week
3. sense_key=write%2:36:02:: | definition=have (one's written work) issued for publication | synonyms=publish | examples=How many books did Georges Simenon write?; She published 25 books during her long career
4. sense_key=write%2:32:08:: | definition=communicate (with) in writing | synonyms=drop a line | examples=Write her soon, please!
5. sense_key=write%2:32:01:: | definition=communicate by letter | examples=He wrote that he would be coming soon
6. sense_key=write%2:36:04:: | definition=write music | synonyms=compose | examples=Beethoven composed nine symphonies
7. sense_key=write%2:36:01:: | definition=mark or trace on a surface | examples=The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper; Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet
8. sense_key=write%2:32:03:: | definition=record data on a computer | synonyms=save | examples=boot-up instructions are written on the hard disk
9. sense_key=write%2:36:03:: | definition=write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word) | synonyms=spell | examples=He spelled the word wrong in this letter
10. sense_key=write%2:36:10:: | definition=create code, write a computer program | examples=She writes code faster than anybody else

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "write" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The context is: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do."

The sentence is discussing teaching children basic skills: reading, writing, and reckoning (or calculating). The word "write" here is used in a general sense related to the basic ability of putting thoughts or messages into written form.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. Produce a literary work - This involves creating original written content like novels or poems. While it's a form of writing, the context doesn't specifically suggest this level of creativity or the production of literary works.

2. Communicate or express by writing - This is a broad sense that involves conveying thoughts or messages through writing. It's relevant but let's see if there's a more specific sense that fits.

3. Have (one's written work) issued for publication - This involves publishing written work, which is not directly related to the basic skill of writing being discussed.

4. Communicate (with) in writing - This involves exchanging messages with someone through writing, which is a bit more specific than the general act of writing.

5. Communicate by letter - This is about sending letters, which is a specific form of writing but not necessarily what is being referred to in the context of basic skills.

6. Write music - This is about composing music, not directly related to the general writing skill.

7. Mark or trace on a surface - This involves the physical act of writing or drawing characters on a surface. It's a possible interpretation but let's consider if it's the most fitting.

8. Record data on a computer - This is about writing data to a computer, which is not the context here.

9. Write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word) - This is about spelling, closely related to writing but more specific to the correct ordering of letters.

10. Create code, write a computer program - This is about programming, not directly related to the basic skill being discussed.

Given the context, the most relevant sense is related to the basic ability to put thoughts into written form, which is closely related to sense 9, as it involves the fundamental skill of writing words correctly (spelling). The sentence is listing basic educational skills: reading, writing (which includes spelling), and reckoning.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "write" in this context is related to the ability to write or spell words correctly.

{"sense_index": 9}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reckon
Target surface form: reckon
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and <t>reckon</t>? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reckon%2:31:02:: | definition=expect, believe, or suppose | synonyms=think, opine, suppose, imagine, guess | examples=I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel; I thought to find her in a bad state
2. sense_key=reckon%2:31:03:: | definition=judge to be probable | synonyms=calculate, estimate, count on, figure, forecast
3. sense_key=reckon%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=see, consider, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
4. sense_key=reckon%2:31:01:: | definition=make a mathematical calculation or computation | synonyms=calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, figure
5. sense_key=reckon%2:31:05:: | definition=have faith or confidence in | synonyms=count, bet, depend, look, calculate | examples=you can count on me to help you any time; Look to your friends for support
6. sense_key=reckon%2:31:13:: | definition=take account of | synonyms=count | examples=You have to reckon with our opponents; Count on the monsoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "reckon" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The context is: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do."

The sentence is discussing the teaching of basic skills to children, specifically reading, writing, and reckoning. The term "reckon" here is associated with basic arithmetic or mathematical skills.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is related to expecting, believing, or supposing something. This doesn't directly relate to the context of teaching basic mathematical skills.
2. The second sense involves judging something to be probable, which includes synonyms like calculate, estimate, and forecast. While related to mathematical concepts, it's broader and not directly about basic arithmetic.
3. The third sense is about deeming something to be a certain way, which doesn't directly fit the context of performing arithmetic.
4. The fourth sense is directly related to making a mathematical calculation or computation. The synonyms include calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, and figure, all of which are related to performing arithmetic operations.
5. The fifth sense involves having faith or confidence in something or someone, which doesn't directly relate to the context of basic arithmetic skills.
6. The sixth sense is about taking something into account, which, while related to consideration, doesn't directly fit the context of basic mathematical operations.

Given the context that "reckon" is mentioned alongside "read" and "write," it suggests a basic skill, likely referring to arithmetic or mathematical computation. The fourth sense directly corresponds to this interpretation, as it involves making mathematical calculations or computations.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "reckon" in this context is the one related to making a mathematical calculation or computation.

{"sense_index": 4}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not <t>know</t> how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "know" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The context is: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to."

The sentence implies that the speaker is discussing the ability or skill to perform certain tasks (teaching children to read, write, and reckon). The phrase "know how to" is a crucial indicator of the intended meaning.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information;
   - This doesn't directly relate to "know how to."

2. know how to do or perform something
   - This matches the context perfectly as it involves knowing how to perform a specific task or skill.

3. be aware of the truth of something;
   - This doesn't fit the "know how to" context.

4. be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object
   - Not relevant to the context of performing tasks.

5. have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations
   - Not directly related to the ability to perform tasks.

6. accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority
   - Not relevant to the context.

7. have fixed in the mind
   - While related to knowledge, it doesn't directly fit the "know how to" usage.

8. have sexual intercourse with
   - Completely unrelated to the context.

9. know the nature or character of
   - Not directly relevant.

10. be able to distinguish, recognize as being different
    - Not the primary meaning in this context.

11. perceive as familiar
    - Not relevant to the context of knowing how to perform tasks.

Given the context and the analysis, the best sense for "know" is related to knowing how to do or perform something, which is directly referenced by the phrase "know how to."

The correct sense index is 2, as it corresponds to "know how to do or perform something."

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: want
Target surface form: want
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not <t>want</t> to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=want%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room
2. sense_key=want%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=want%2:35:00:: | definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you
4. sense_key=want%2:31:01:: | definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!
5. sense_key=want%2:42:01:: | definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.