[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: valid
Target surface form: valid
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is <t>valid</t>, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=valid%3:00:00:: | definition=well grounded in logic or truth or having legal force | examples=a valid inference; a valid argument
2. sense_key=valid%5:00:00:unexpired:00 | definition=still legally acceptable | examples=the license is still valid

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "valid" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses a theory related to the behavior of Democratic and Republican legislators in terms of local benefit-seeking versus national policy making. It presents evidence to support the assumption that Democratic legislators are more inclined towards local benefit-seeking than their Republican counterparts. The term "valid" is used in the context of assessing the key assumption underlying this theory.

2. **Understanding the Term "valid"**: In this context, "valid" refers to the legitimacy or truthfulness of the key assumption being discussed. The assumption is about the difference in behavior between Democratic and Republican legislators regarding local benefit-seeking.

3. **Examining the Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "well grounded in logic or truth or having legal force". The examples given are "a valid inference" and "a valid argument". This sense pertains to the logical or factual soundness of a statement or assumption.
   - **Sense 2**: "still legally acceptable" with the example "the license is still valid". This sense is related to the legal acceptability or the expiration status of something, like a document or a rule.

4. **Applying the Context to the Candidate Senses**:
   - The context is about evaluating the truthfulness or logical soundness of an assumption based on empirical evidence. The discussion revolves around whether the assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than Republicans is supported by data.
   - The use of "valid" here relates to whether the assumption is well-grounded in truth or logic, as it is followed by an examination of evidence that either supports or refutes it.

5. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - Given the context and the meaning of "valid" as it pertains to the truthfulness or logical soundness of an assumption, **Sense 1** ("well grounded in logic or truth or having legal force") is the most appropriate. The passage is concerned with whether the key assumption is logically or factually sound based on the evidence presented.

6. **Returning the Answer in the Required Format**:
   - The correct sense index corresponding to the chosen sense is **1**.

{"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democrat
Target surface form: Democrats
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, <t>Democrats</t> should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democrat%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Democratic Party
2. sense_key=democrat%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate of democratic principles | synonyms=populist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "Democrats" in the given context, let's analyze the information provided.

The context discusses the behavior of Democrats and Republicans in the U.S. Congress, specifically in relation to their engagement in local benefit-seeking versus national policy making. The text compares the two parties based on empirical evidence, such as the allocation of personal staff budgets and attendance rates on roll-call votes.

The two candidate senses for "Democrat" are:
1. A member of the Democratic Party.
2. An advocate of democratic principles.

The context clearly refers to "Democrats" as a political party in the United States Congress, contrasting their behavior with that of "Republicans." The discussion is about the political actions and philosophies of members of the Democratic Party in comparison to their Republican counterparts.

The first sense, "a member of the Democratic Party," directly corresponds to this context, as it refers to individuals who are part of the Democratic Party.

The second sense, "an advocate of democratic principles," is more general and could refer to anyone who supports democratic principles, not necessarily a member of the Democratic Party. While members of the Democratic Party might advocate for democratic principles, the term "Democrat" in the given context is used to identify a political affiliation rather than a general political ideology.

Given the context and the information provided, the most appropriate sense for "Democrats" is the one that refers to members of the Democratic Party.

{"sense_index": 1}

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: have
Target surface form: have
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should <t>have</t> lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=have%2:40:00:: | definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | synonyms=have got, hold | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank; He has got two beautiful daughters
2. sense_key=have%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a feature | synonyms=feature | examples=This restaurant features the most famous chefs in France
3. sense_key=have%2:39:06:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, get | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo
4. sense_key=have%2:40:04:: | definition=have ownership or possession of | synonyms=own, possess | examples=He owns three houses in Florida; How many cars does she have?
5. sense_key=have%2:30:00:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=get, let | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
6. sense_key=have%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, take | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
7. sense_key=have%2:41:00:: | definition=have a personal or business relationship with someone | examples=have a postdoc; have an assistant
8. sense_key=have%2:36:00:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, make, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
9. sense_key=have%2:40:01:: | definition=have left | examples=I have two years left; I don't have any money left
10. sense_key=have%2:42:12:: | definition=be confronted with | examples=What do we have here?; Now we have a fine mess
11. sense_key=have%2:30:01:: | definition=undergo | synonyms=experience | examples=The stocks had a fast run-up
12. sense_key=have%2:29:02:: | definition=suffer from; be ill with | examples=She has arthritis
13. sense_key=have%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, get, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
14. sense_key=have%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, take | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
15. sense_key=have%2:40:03:: | definition=get something; come into possession of | synonyms=receive | examples=receive payment; receive a gift
16. sense_key=have%2:29:05:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, get | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
17. sense_key=have%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=get, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
18. sense_key=have%2:29:00:: | definition=cause to be born | synonyms=give birth, deliver, bear, birth | examples=My wife had twins yesterday!
19. sense_key=have%2:35:00:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=take | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attendance
Target surface form: attendance
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower <t>attendance</t> rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attendance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.) | synonyms=attending
2. sense_key=attendance%1:28:00:: | definition=the frequency with which a person is present | examples=a student's attendance is an important factor in her grade
3. sense_key=attendance%1:14:00:: | definition=the number of people that are present | examples=attendance was up by 50 per cent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "attendance" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses the behavior of Democratic and Republican legislators in terms of their engagement in local benefit-seeking activities versus national policy making. It mentions that if Democrats are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking, they should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes because participating in such votes takes away from the time they could devote to local benefit-seeking.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The target word is "attendance," and it is used in the phrase "attendance rates on roll-call votes." This implies that "attendance" refers to the act or frequency of being present at these votes.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.)" with synonyms like "attending." This sense aligns with the context of being present at roll-call votes.
   - **Sense 2**: "the frequency with which a person is present" with an example related to a student's attendance affecting her grade. This sense also fits the context as it discusses the rate or frequency of attendance at roll-call votes.
   - **Sense 3**: "the number of people that are present" with an example of attendance being up by 50 percent. While this could relate to roll-call votes, it more directly refers to a count or total number of people present.

4. **Choosing the Best Sense**:
   - The context specifically talks about "attendance rates," which directly relates to the frequency or rate of attendance rather than just the act of being present or the total count of people.
   - The discussion is about comparing the frequency of Democrats and Republicans being present at roll-call votes, making "the frequency with which a person is present" the most relevant definition.

5. **Conclusion**: Based on the context and the definitions provided, the best sense for "attendance" is related to the frequency of being present, which corresponds to **Sense 2**.

Therefore, the JSON response is: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rate
Target surface form: rates
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance <t>rates</t> on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rate%1:28:00:: | definition=a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit | examples=they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour; the rate of change was faster than expected
2. sense_key=rate%1:21:00:: | definition=amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis | synonyms=charge per unit | examples=a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5
3. sense_key=rate%1:07:00:: | definition=the relative speed of progress or change | synonyms=pace | examples=he lived at a fast pace; he works at a great rate
4. sense_key=rate%1:24:00:: | definition=a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure | examples=the literacy rate; the retention rate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vote
Target surface form: votes
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call <t>votes</t> than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: | definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: | definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: | definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: | definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "votes" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context discusses the behavior of Democratic and Republican legislators in the U.S. Congress, specifically focusing on their engagement in local benefit-seeking activities versus national policy making. It mentions "roll-call votes" as an aspect of their duties that reflects national policy making.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **Definition: A choice made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative.** This sense is relevant to the context of voting in Congress. The term "roll-call votes" directly relates to this definition, as it involves counting the votes of legislators.

2. **Definition: The opinion of a group as determined by voting.** While this could relate to the outcome of votes in Congress, the context specifically mentions "roll-call votes," which is more about the act of voting than the collective opinion.

3. **Definition: A legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution.** This sense is not directly relevant to the context, as the discussion is about the voting behavior of legislators, not the right to vote.

4. **Definition: A body of voters who have the same interests.** The context does not refer to a group of voters with shared interests; it discusses the voting behavior of legislators.

5. **Definition: The total number of voters who participated.** The term "voter turnout" is a synonym for this sense. The context mentions "attendance rates on roll-call votes," which relates to the number of legislators participating in votes, making this sense relevant.

Given the context, the most relevant sense is related to the act of voting or the participation in voting by legislators. "Roll-call votes" directly corresponds to the act of voting (sense 1) or the participation in voting (sense 5). However, "attendance rates on roll-call votes" more directly implies the count or rate of participation, aligning with sense 5, "the total number of voters who participated," as it discusses the rate of legislators showing up to vote.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "votes" in the given context is **5**.

{"sense_index": 5}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republicans
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than <t>Republicans</t> do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Republican Party
2. sense_key=republican%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate of a republic (usually in opposition to a monarchy)
3. sense_key=republican%1:17:00:: | definition=a tributary of the Kansas River that flows from eastern Colorado eastward through Nebraska and Kansas | synonyms=Republican River

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extent
Target surface form: extent
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the <t>extent</t> that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "extent" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Understanding the Context**: The passage discusses the behavior of Democratic and Republican legislators in terms of their focus on local benefit-seeking versus national policy making. It presents evidence to support the theory that Democratic legislators are more inclined towards local benefit-seeking.

2. **Analyzing the Target Word**: The word "extent" is used in two instances in the passage. The first instance is in the phrase "To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit-seeking..." and the second is in "...to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making...".

3. **Examining the Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: `extent%1:26:00::` is defined as "the point or degree to which something extends." The examples given are "the extent of the damage" and "the full extent of the law." This sense relates to the degree or magnitude to which something is true or applicable.
   - **Sense 2**: `extent%1:07:00::` refers to "the distance or area or volume over which something extends," with examples like "the vast extent of the desert" and "an orchard of considerable extent." This sense is more about physical or spatial extent.

4. **Applying the Context to the Senses**:
   - In the given context, "extent" is used to indicate the degree to which a particular condition or situation is true. For example, "to the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit-seeking" means to the degree that this condition is true. Similarly, "to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making" refers to the degree to which roll-call votes are about national policy making.
   - The usage in the passage aligns with the first sense (`extent%1:26:00::`), as it discusses the degree to which certain conditions are met or true, rather than a physical or spatial extent.

5. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - Given that the context requires understanding "extent" as relating to the degree or point to which something is true or extends, the most appropriate sense is the first one, which corresponds to **1**.

6. **Returning the Answer in the Required Format**:
   - The best indexed sense for "extent" in the given context is **1**. Thus, the answer should be formatted as: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vote
Target surface form: votes
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such <t>votes</t> reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: | definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: | definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: | definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: | definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "votes" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses the behavior of Democratic and Republican legislators in the context of local benefit-seeking versus national policy making. It mentions "roll-call votes" and how attendance rates on these votes differ between Democrats and Republicans.

2. **Understanding the Target**: The target word is "votes," specifically in the phrase "roll-call votes." This indicates we are dealing with a formal process of voting within a legislative body.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: Refers to "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative." The synonyms include "ballot, voting, balloting," and an example is given as "there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion." This sense aligns closely with the context of roll-call votes, where votes are counted to determine the outcome of a legislative decision.
   - **Sense 2**: Defines "the opinion of a group as determined by voting." An example given is "they put the question to a vote." While related, this sense is more about the outcome or the process of voting rather than the individual votes themselves.
   - **Sense 3**: Pertains to "a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment," which is unrelated to the context of legislative voting behavior.
   - **Sense 4**: Refers to "a body of voters who have the same interests," with an example of "he failed to get the Black vote." This sense is not directly relevant to the context of roll-call votes.
   - **Sense 5**: Defines "the total number of voters who participated," with "voter turnout" as a synonym. An example is "they are expecting a large vote." While related to voting, this sense focuses on the total number of participants rather than the act or outcome of voting.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context specifically mentions "roll-call votes," which directly relates to the act of voting and the counting of votes to make a decision.
   - **Sense 1** directly corresponds to this context, as it involves counting votes to determine an outcome, and the term "roll-call votes" is closely related to the concept of counting votes.

5. **Conclusion**: The most appropriate sense for "votes" in the given context is **Sense 1**, as it directly relates to the act of voting and the counting of votes.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for the target word "votes" is: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reflect
Target surface form: reflect
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes <t>reflect</t> national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reflect%2:39:01:: | definition=manifest or bring back | examples=This action reflects his true beliefs
2. sense_key=reflect%2:31:00:: | definition=reflect deeply on a subject | synonyms=chew over, think over, meditate, ponder, excogitate, contemplate | examples=I mulled over the events of the afternoon; philosophers have speculated on the question of God for thousands of years
3. sense_key=reflect%2:39:00:: | definition=to throw or bend back (from a surface) | synonyms=reverberate | examples=Sound is reflected well in this auditorium
4. sense_key=reflect%2:43:00:: | definition=be bright by reflecting or casting light | synonyms=shine | examples=Drive carefully--the wet road reflects
5. sense_key=reflect%2:39:02:: | definition=show an image of | examples=her sunglasses reflected his image
6. sense_key=reflect%2:32:01:: | definition=give evidence of a certain behavior | examples=His lack of interest in the project reflects badly on him
7. sense_key=reflect%2:32:00:: | definition=give evidence of the quality of | examples=The mess in his dorm room reflects on the student

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: national
Target surface form: national
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect <t>national</t> policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=national%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero; national anthem
2. sense_key=national%3:00:00:: | definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy
3. sense_key=national%3:00:01:: | definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government; national elections
4. sense_key=national%5:00:00:public:00 | definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
5. sense_key=national%5:00:00:domestic:00 | definition=inside the country | synonyms=home, interior, internal | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior; the nation's internal politics
6. sense_key=national%3:01:02:: | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
7. sense_key=national%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "national" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "...to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking."

Here, "national policy making" is contrasted with "local benefit-seeking." The context suggests that "national" refers to something that is related to or affects the entire nation, as opposed to local or regional interests.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. "of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country" - This is a broad definition that could apply, but it's not the most specific or precise in this context.
2. "limited to or in the interests of a particular nation" - This definition implies a focus on the interests of a nation, possibly in contrast to other nations, which isn't the primary contrast being made here.
3. "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country" - This definition fits well because "national policy making" is about policies that affect or are applicable to the entire nation.
4. "owned or maintained for the public by the national government" - This doesn't fit the context of "policy making."
5. "inside the country" - This definition doesn't directly relate to the concept of policy making at a national level versus local level.
6. "characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation" - This refers more to a trait or characteristic of a nation's people, not directly relevant to policy making.
7. "of or relating to nationality" - This is more about the state of being a national of a particular country, not directly relevant to the context.

Given the context, the most appropriate definition is "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country" because it directly relates to the concept of policy making at a national level.

The best sense index for "national" in this context is 3.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: policy
Target surface form: policy
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national <t>policy</t> making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=policy%1:09:00:: | definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. sense_key=policy%1:10:00:: | definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. sense_key=policy%1:10:02:: | definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "policy" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context discusses the behavior of Democratic and Republican legislators in the U.S. Congress, focusing on their engagement in local benefit-seeking versus national policy making. The sentence containing the target word is: "Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit-seeking."

Now, let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense defines "policy" as "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group." The examples given include "it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies." This sense aligns with the context, as "national policy making" refers to the process of creating or adopting plans of action at a national level.

2. The second sense defines "policy" as "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government." The example provided is "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation." While this sense is related to government action, it leans more towards the rationale or argument behind a course of action rather than the action plan itself.

3. The third sense defines "policy" as a "written contract or certificate of insurance," with synonyms including "insurance policy" and "insurance." The example given is "you should have read the small print on your policy." This sense is clearly unrelated to the context of legislative behavior and policy making.

Given the context, the most relevant definition is the first one: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group." The term "national policy making" in the context refers to the process of creating or adopting plans of action at a national level, which aligns with this definition.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "policy" in the given context is the first sense.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: making
Target surface form: making
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy <t>making</t> and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=making%1:04:00:: | definition=the act that results in something coming to be | synonyms=devising, fashioning | examples=the devising of plans; the fashioning of pots and pans
2. sense_key=making%1:07:00:: | definition=an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something | synonyms=qualification | examples=her qualifications for the job are excellent; one of the qualifications for admission is an academic degree
3. sense_key=making%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something | examples=the recipe listed all the makings for a chocolate cake

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "making" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The sentence where "making" appears is: "...to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking." Here, "making" is part of the compound noun "policy making," which refers to the process of creating or deciding on policies.

2. **Understanding the Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "the act that results in something coming to be" with synonyms "devising, fashioning" and examples like "the devising of plans" and "the fashioning of pots and pans." This sense implies the action or process of creating or bringing something into existence.
   - **Sense 2**: "an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something" with the synonym "qualification." This sense is unrelated to the action of creating or making something but rather refers to a characteristic or requirement.
   - **Sense 3**: "(usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something" with an example of "the makings for a chocolate cake." This sense refers to the ingredients or elements necessary for creating something.

3. **Relating the Context to the Candidate Senses**:
   - The term "policy making" in the context refers to the process of creating or formulating national policies. This aligns closely with **Sense 1**, as it involves the act of devising or creating policies, which is a form of "something coming to be" through the act of making or devising.
   - **Sense 2** and **Sense 3** do not fit the context of "policy making" as they refer to a qualification or attribute and the components needed for making something, respectively.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - Given the context and the definitions, **Sense 1** is the most appropriate as it relates to the act of creating or devising something (in this case, national policies).
   - The indexed sense corresponding to this definition is "1".

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "making" in the given context is **1**.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vote
Target surface form: votes
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such <t>votes</t> takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: | definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: | definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: | definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: | definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "votes" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context discusses the behavior of Democratic and Republican legislators in terms of their engagement in local benefit-seeking versus national policy making. It mentions "roll-call votes" and how participating in such votes might take away from the time a legislator could devote to local benefit-seeking. The key phrase here is "roll-call votes," which refers to a process where members of a legislative body cast their votes on a particular issue by being recorded as voting "yea" or "nay."

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=vote%1:04:00::** - This sense refers to "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative." The context mentions "roll-call votes," which fits this definition as it involves counting the number of people in favor or against a particular issue. The synonyms provided are "ballot, voting, balloting," and an example is "there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion." The context is discussing the act of voting in a legislative setting.

2. **sense_key=vote%1:04:01::** - This sense is "the opinion of a group as determined by voting." An example given is "they put the question to a vote." While related to voting, this sense is more about the outcome or the process of putting a decision to a group rather than the act of voting itself.

3. **sense_key=vote%1:07:00::** - This refers to "a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment," with synonyms "right to vote, suffrage." The context does not discuss the legal right to vote.

4. **sense_key=vote%1:14:00::** - This sense defines "a body of voters who have the same interests," with an example "he failed to get the Black vote." The context does not refer to a group of voters with shared interests.

5. **sense_key=vote%1:09:00::** - This is "the total number of voters who participated," with a synonym "voter turnout." An example is "they are expecting a large vote." While this sense is related to voting, the context specifically talks about "roll-call votes," not the total number of voters participating.

Given the context and the definitions, the most appropriate sense is the first one, as it directly relates to the act of voting and the counting of votes in a legislative context, such as "roll-call votes."

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "votes" in the given context is: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the <t>time</t> a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: devote
Target surface form: devote
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise <t>devote</t> to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=devote%2:32:00:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=give, dedicate, consecrate, commit | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
2. sense_key=devote%2:31:00:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=give, pay | examples=give thought to; give priority to
3. sense_key=devote%2:40:00:: | definition=set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use | examples=this land was devoted to mining

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "devote" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is discussing the behavior of Democratic and Republican legislators in terms of their focus on local benefit-seeking versus national policy making. The sentence where "devote" appears is: "...participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit-seeking."

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is defined as "give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause." The synonyms include "give, dedicate, consecrate, commit." The example given is "She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause." This sense implies a complete or significant allocation of resources (time, effort, etc.) towards something.

2. The second sense is "dedicate," with synonyms "give, pay." An example is "give thought to; give priority to." This sense involves allocating or assigning something (like time or thought) to a particular activity or purpose.

3. The third sense is "set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use," with the example "this land was devoted to mining." This implies reserving something (in this case, land) exclusively for a particular use.

In the given context, "devote" is used in the phrase "devote to local benefit-seeking." Here, it means allocating time that could be used for one purpose (participating in roll-call votes) to another (local benefit-seeking). The most relevant sense is the one that involves allocating or giving time or effort to a particular activity.

Both the first and second senses involve the idea of giving or allocating something to a specific cause or activity. However, the first sense ("give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause") more strongly implies a complete dedication, which is not necessarily the case here since it's about allocating "time that could otherwise be used" for local benefit-seeking, not necessarily dedicating all of one's time to it.

The second sense ("dedicate") fits well because it involves giving or allocating time or thought to a particular activity or purpose without implying that it's the only thing being done. The phrase "give priority to" among its synonyms suggests allocating time or resources in a way that prioritizes one activity over another, which aligns with the context.

The third sense involves setting something aside for a specific use, which is somewhat relevant but not as directly applicable to the context of allocating time as the second sense.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "devote" in this context is the second one, as it accurately reflects the idea of allocating time to a particular activity (local benefit-seeking) over another (participating in roll-call votes).

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to <t>local</t> benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "local" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context discusses the behavior of legislators in Congress, specifically their engagement in "local benefit-seeking." The term "local benefit-seeking" is related to the actions taken by legislators to benefit their constituents or their local area.

1. The first candidate sense is related to the administration of a city, town, or district. The definition mentions "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area." The example given is "local taxes; local authorities." This sense is plausible because it relates to the administration or concerns of a specific geographic area, which could be relevant to a legislator's actions.

2. The second candidate sense refers to something being "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood." Examples include "local customs; local schools." This sense emphasizes the characteristic or belonging aspect to a particular locality, which could also relate to the actions or concerns of legislators towards their constituents.

3. The third candidate sense is "affecting only a restricted part or area of the body," as in "local anesthesia." This sense is clearly not relevant to the context of legislative actions or political discussions.

Given the context, the term "local benefit-seeking" is most closely related to the actions taken by legislators to benefit their constituents or the area they represent. Both the first and second senses could potentially fit this context, as they both relate to the concept of "local." However, the first sense specifically mentions administration, which might not directly relate to the broader concept of "benefit-seeking." The second sense, while not directly about administration, captures the idea of being characteristic or related to a particular locality or neighborhood, which aligns with the notion of legislators acting in the interest of their local constituents.

Upon closer inspection, the context suggests that "local benefit-seeking" refers to actions taken to benefit the locality or constituency that the legislator represents. The second sense ("of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood") is more directly related to the idea of representing or acting on behalf of a specific locality or neighborhood, which is in line with the concept of "local benefit-seeking" as used in the context.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "local" in the given context is the second sense.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: indicate
Target surface form: indicate
Context:
Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data <t>indicate</t>, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=indicate%2:32:01:: | definition=be a signal for or a symptom of | synonyms=bespeak, betoken, point, signal | examples=These symptoms indicate a serious illness; Her behavior points to a severe neurosis
2. sense_key=indicate%2:32:03:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=point, designate, show | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
3. sense_key=indicate%2:32:00:: | definition=to state or express briefly | examples=indicated his wishes in a letter
4. sense_key=indicate%2:32:02:: | definition=give evidence of | synonyms=argue | examples=The evidence argues for your claim; The results indicate the need for more work
5. sense_key=indicate%2:32:04:: | definition=suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine | synonyms=suggest | examples=Tetracycline is indicated in such cases

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "indicate" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses a political theory and presents evidence to support its key assumption regarding the behavior of Democratic and Republican legislators. The word "indicate" is used in the context of data showing certain trends or patterns that support the theory.

2. **Understanding the Word "indicate"**: The word "indicate" generally means to show or suggest something. The specific sense in which it is used can vary based on the context.

3. **Examining the Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "be a signal for or a symptom of" - This involves something being a sign or symptom of a condition or situation. The synonyms include "bespeak, betoken, point, signal."
   - **Sense 2**: "indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively" - This involves pointing out or showing the location or direction of something. The synonyms are "point, designate, show."
   - **Sense 3**: "to state or express briefly" - This involves conveying information or an opinion succinctly.
   - **Sense 4**: "give evidence of" - This involves providing proof or evidence for something. The synonym given is "argue."
   - **Sense 5**: "suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine" - This is a medical context-specific sense, involving the suggestion that a particular treatment is needed.

4. **Applying the Context to the Candidate Senses**:
   - The sentence where "indicate" is used is: "This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House." Here, "indicate" is used to mean that the data provide evidence or show something.
   - The context is about analyzing data to support a theory, not about medical intervention, so **Sense 5** is not applicable.
   - It's not about pointing to a physical location or direction, so **Sense 2** is less likely.
   - It's not merely about stating or expressing something briefly, as in **Sense 3**, because the focus is on what the data show or suggest rather than a brief statement.
   - Between **Sense 1** and **Sense 4**, both could potentially fit because they involve the idea of something being a sign or evidence of something else. However, **Sense 4** ("give evidence of") directly relates to providing evidence or supporting a claim, which aligns well with the context of data analysis and theory support.

5. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The use of "indicate" in the context provided best aligns with **Sense 4** ("give evidence of"), as it involves the data providing evidence for or supporting the key assumption of the theory. The synonym "argue" and the example "The results indicate the need for more work" further support this interpretation.

6. **Conclusion**: The best indexed sense for "indicate" in the given context is **4**.

{"sense_index": 4}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: case
Context:
Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the <t>case</t> of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democratic
Target surface form: Democratic
Context:
Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The <t>Democratic</t> House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democratic%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. sense_key=democratic%3:01:00:: | definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. sense_key=democratic%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "Democratic" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context discusses the behavior and characteristics of "Democratic legislators" in comparison to their Republican colleagues, focusing on aspects like budget allocation, attendance rates in roll-call votes, and staff allocation to district offices. The term "Democratic" here is used to identify a political party affiliation.

1. The first candidate sense refers to something "characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality." While this sense relates to the concept of democracy, the context specifically refers to "Democratic legislators," indicating a reference to a particular political party rather than the general principles of democracy.

2. The second candidate sense is "belong to or relating to the Democratic Party." The context directly mentions comparing "Democratic legislators" with "Republican colleagues," clearly indicating that "Democratic" refers to members of the Democratic Party.

3. The third candidate sense is about representing or appealing to the benefit of the people at large, with "popular" as a synonym. While this sense could be tangentially related due to the general association of democratic principles with benefiting the people, the context specifically discusses party affiliation and behavior.

Given the context, the term "Democratic" is used to denote affiliation with the Democratic Party, comparing its members' behaviors with those of the Republican Party. Therefore, the most appropriate sense is the one that directly relates to the Democratic Party.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attendance
Target surface form: attendance
Context:
Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House <t>attendance</t> rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attendance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.) | synonyms=attending
2. sense_key=attendance%1:28:00:: | definition=the frequency with which a person is present | examples=a student's attendance is an important factor in her grade
3. sense_key=attendance%1:14:00:: | definition=the number of people that are present | examples=attendance was up by 50 per cent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "attendance" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses the behavior of Democratic and Republican legislators in terms of their engagement in local benefit-seeking activities. It compares their attendance rates on roll-call votes, among other factors.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The target word is "attendance," and it appears in the context of "attendance rate" on roll-call votes.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: Refers to "the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.)" with a synonym "attending." While this relates to being present, it doesn't directly fit the context of discussing rates or frequencies over time.
   - **Sense 2**: Defines "attendance" as "the frequency with which a person is present." An example given is "a student's attendance is an important factor in her grade." This sense aligns with the idea of measuring how often someone is present over a period.
   - **Sense 3**: Describes "attendance" as "the number of people that are present." An example is "attendance was up by 50 per cent." This refers to a count or total number of people present at a particular event or time.

4. **Applying Context to Candidate Senses**:
   - The passage compares the "attendance rates" of Democrats and Republicans on roll-call votes, indicating a discussion about how frequently members of each party participate in these votes.
   - The term "rate" suggests a measure over time or across a series of events, rather than a count at a single event.

5. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - **Sense 1** (attending) is related but doesn't directly correspond to the concept of a "rate."
   - **Sense 3** (the number of people present) could be considered if "attendance rate" is interpreted as the proportion of members present. However, "attendance rate" more naturally refers to the frequency of attendance.
   - **Sense 2** (frequency of presence) is the most fitting because "attendance rate" can be understood as the frequency with which legislators are present on roll-call votes.

Given the context and the analysis, the best indexed sense for "attendance" is **2**, as it refers to the frequency with which legislators are present, aligning with the discussion of "attendance rates."

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rate
Target surface form: rate
Context:
Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance <t>rate</t> has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rate%1:28:00:: | definition=a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit | examples=they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour; the rate of change was faster than expected
2. sense_key=rate%1:21:00:: | definition=amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis | synonyms=charge per unit | examples=a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5
3. sense_key=rate%1:07:00:: | definition=the relative speed of progress or change | synonyms=pace | examples=he lived at a fast pace; he works at a great rate
4. sense_key=rate%1:24:00:: | definition=a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure | examples=the literacy rate; the retention rate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.