[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: used
Context:
The tablets are pale-orange and have a score line on both sides so that they can be halved. Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be <t>used</t> in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "used" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The text discusses the use of "Cerenia," an anti-emetic medication for dogs, specifically for preventing vomiting caused by chemotherapy and for the treatment of vomiting.

2. **Target Sentence**: The sentence containing the target word is, "In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets)."

3. **Candidate Senses Analysis**:
   - **1. put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose**: This sense involves utilizing something for its intended or natural purpose. The synonyms are "utilize," "utilise," "apply," and "employ." The example given is "use your head!" and "we only use Spanish at home." The context of using Cerenia for a specific medical purpose aligns with this definition.
   - **2. take or consume (regularly or habitually)**: This involves consuming something regularly. The synonym is "habituate," and an example is "She uses drugs rarely." This doesn't directly relate to the use of Cerenia for treating vomiting.
   - **3. use up, consume fully**: This means to expend or use something completely. The synonym is "expend," and an example is "The legislature expended its time on school questions." While related to consumption, it doesn't directly fit the context of using Cerenia for treatment.
   - **4. seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage**: This involves exploiting something for personal gain. An example is "She uses her influential friends to get jobs." This doesn't directly apply to the medical use of Cerenia.
   - **5. avail oneself to**: This means to make use of something. The synonyms are "practice" and "apply," and an example is "apply a principle." The context of using Cerenia in treatment aligns with this sense as it involves applying or using Cerenia for a medical purpose.
   - **6. habitually do something (use only in the past tense)**: This refers to a past habitual action. An example is "She used to call her mother every week." This doesn't fit the context as "used" here is not in the past tense describing a habitual action but rather is part of the passive construction "can be used."

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - Both senses 1 and 5 seem relevant as they involve using something for a particular purpose. Sense 1 ("put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose") directly relates to utilizing Cerenia for its intended medical purpose. The sentence context indicates that Cerenia is being employed for the treatment of vomiting, aligning with its inherent purpose as a medication.
   - Sense 5 ("avail oneself to") also fits as it involves making use of Cerenia in the treatment.

Given the context and the definitions, **sense 1** is the most appropriate as it directly relates to employing Cerenia for its intended medical purpose. The synonyms ("utilize," "utilise," "apply," "employ") and the example ("we only use Spanish at home") support this choice, as they all involve using something for a specific purpose.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "used" in the given context is **1**.

{"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
The tablets are pale-orange and have a score line on both sides so that they can be halved. Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the <t>treatment</t> of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "treatment" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is about "Cerenia," a medication used in dogs to prevent or treat vomiting, especially that caused by chemotherapy. The text mentions "treatment of cancer," "veterinary treatment," and "treatment of vomiting."

1. The first candidate sense defines "treatment" as care provided to improve a situation, especially medical procedures or applications intended to relieve illness or injury. The synonym given is "intervention." This sense aligns well with the context, as "treatment of cancer" and "treatment of vomiting" refer to medical interventions.

2. The second sense refers to the management of someone or something, with "handling" as a synonym. While this could broadly encompass medical management, it's more general and not as directly related to medical care as the first sense.

3. The third sense pertains to artistic dealing with something, which doesn't fit the context.

4. The fourth sense is about an extended communication dealing with a particular topic, with synonyms like "discussion" and "discourse." This doesn't fit the context either, as "treatment" here refers to a medical intervention, not a discussion.

Given the context, the most appropriate sense is the first one, which directly relates to medical care and intervention.

{"sense_index": 1}

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: injection
Target surface form: injection
Context:
The tablets are pale-orange and have a score line on both sides so that they can be halved. Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as <t>injection</t> or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00:: | definition=the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure
2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00:: | definition=any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant
3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe | synonyms=shot | examples=the nurse gave him a flu shot

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "injection" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The text discusses the use of Cerenia, an anti-emetic medication, in dogs. It mentions that Cerenia can be used in the treatment of vomiting either as an "injection" or as an injection followed by tablets.

2. **Understanding the Term "injection"**: In this context, "injection" refers to a method of administering the medication. The text implies that Cerenia can be given through injection, which is a way of introducing the drug into the body.

3. **Examining the Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00::**: This definition refers to "the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure." While this could technically apply to an injection, it focuses more on the force and pressure aspect rather than the act or the substance itself.
   - **2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00::**: This defines "injection" as "any solution that is injected (as into the skin)" with "injectant" as a synonym. This sense focuses on the substance being injected.
   - **3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01::**: This is defined as "the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe" with "shot" as a synonym. An example given is "the nurse gave him a flu shot." This sense directly relates to the act of administering a substance via a syringe.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context indicates that "injection" refers to a method of administering Cerenia.
   - Sense 3 directly corresponds to the act of administering a medication via a syringe, which fits the context of using Cerenia as an injection.
   - While Sense 2 refers to the substance being injected, the context emphasizes the method of administration rather than just the substance.

5. **Conclusion**: The most appropriate sense for "injection" in the given context is the act of administering the medication, which aligns with **Sense 3**.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for the target word "injection" is: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: injection
Target surface form: injection
Context:
The tablets are pale-orange and have a score line on both sides so that they can be halved. Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as <t>injection</t> followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00:: | definition=the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure
2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00:: | definition=any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant
3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe | synonyms=shot | examples=the nurse gave him a flu shot

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "injection" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The text discusses Cerenia, a medication used to prevent vomiting in dogs. It mentions that Cerenia can be administered either as an injection or as tablets, specifically stating "either as injection or as injection followed by tablets."

2. **Understanding the Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00::**: This sense refers to "the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure." While this could technically apply to an injection, the context doesn't specifically highlight the force or pressure aspect.
   - **2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00::**: This defines "injection" as "any solution that is injected (as into the skin)" with "injectant" as a synonym. This sense focuses on the substance being injected rather than the act.
   - **3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01::**: This is defined as "the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe" with "shot" as a synonym. An example given is "the nurse gave him a flu shot." This sense directly relates to the act of administering a substance via a syringe.

3. **Applying Context to Candidate Senses**:
   - The context is about administering Cerenia, a medication, to dogs. The administration is either through an injection or tablets.
   - The relevant phrase is "either as injection or as injection followed by tablets." This indicates the method of administration (injection) is being discussed, rather than just the substance (Cerenia) being injected.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - Sense 1 focuses on the forceful insertion, which isn't directly relevant to the context provided.
   - Sense 2 refers to the substance being injected, which could apply but doesn't directly address the act of administration mentioned in the context.
   - Sense 3 directly corresponds to the act of administering a liquid (in this case, Cerenia) into the body using a syringe, aligning with the context of using "injection" as a method of administration.

Given the context and the information provided, the most appropriate sense is **3**, as it directly relates to the act of administering a substance (Cerenia) via a syringe, which is a common method for injecting medications.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tablet
Target surface form: tablets
Context:
The tablets are pale-orange and have a score line on both sides so that they can be halved. Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by <t>tablets</t>). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tablet%1:06:02:: | definition=a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription
2. sense_key=tablet%1:27:00:: | definition=a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge | synonyms=pad, pad of paper
3. sense_key=tablet%1:06:01:: | definition=a small flat compressed cake of some substance | examples=a tablet of soap
4. sense_key=tablet%1:06:00:: | definition=a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet | synonyms=pill, lozenge, tab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "tablets" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses "Cerenia," a medication used to prevent vomiting in dogs. It mentions that Cerenia can be administered as an injection or as tablets. The description includes details about the physical appearance of the tablets, such as their color, score lines, and markings.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The target word is "tablets." The context clearly indicates that "tablets" refers to a form of medication.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription**: This sense is unrelated to medication or the context provided.
   - **2. a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge**: This refers to a "pad of paper," which is not relevant to the context of medication.
   - **3. a small flat compressed cake of some substance**: While this could potentially refer to a form of medication or substance, the specific example given is "a tablet of soap," which is not the context here.
   - **4. a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet**: This sense directly relates to medication and is synonymous with "pill," "lozenge," and "tab," which are all terms used for medicinal doses.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context clearly indicates that "tablets" refers to a form of medication.
   - Sense 4 directly corresponds to this understanding, as it defines a "tablet" as a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet.
   - The synonyms provided for sense 4 ("pill," "lozenge," "tab") further support this choice, as they are all terms associated with medicinal doses.

Given the context and the definitions provided, the most appropriate sense for "tablets" is sense 4, which corresponds to the definition of a dose of medicine.

{"sense_index": 4}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: purpose
Target surface form: purposes
Context:
Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these <t>purposes</t>, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=purpose%1:09:00:: | definition=an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions | synonyms=intent, intention, aim, design | examples=his intent was to provide a new translation; good intentions are not enough
2. sense_key=purpose%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=function, role, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
3. sense_key=purpose%1:07:01:: | definition=the quality of being determined to do or achieve something; firmness of purpose | synonyms=determination | examples=his determination showed in his every movement; he is a man of purpose

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "purposes" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The text discusses the use of Cerenia, an anti-emetic medication for dogs, its application in preventing vomiting caused by chemotherapy, and its use in treating vomiting. The sentence with the target word is: "For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days."

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The word "purposes" here refers to the reasons or intentions for which Cerenia is used.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions" with synonyms like "intent, intention, aim, design". The example given is "his intent was to provide a new translation; good intentions are not enough". This sense relates to the intended outcome or goal.
   - **Sense 2**: "what something is used for" with synonyms like "function, role, use". Examples include "the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?". This sense is about the function or application of something.
   - **Sense 3**: "the quality of being determined to do or achieve something; firmness of purpose" with a synonym like "determination". An example is "his determination showed in his every movement; he is a man of purpose". This sense pertains to the quality of being resolute.

4. **Applying Context to Candidate Senses**:
   - The sentence "For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days" implies the uses or applications for which Cerenia is administered.
   - **Sense 1** could fit in a broad interpretation since it involves intended outcomes (preventing or treating vomiting), but it's more about the goals rather than the direct use.
   - **Sense 2** directly relates to "what something is used for", aligning with the context of discussing the applications or uses of Cerenia.
   - **Sense 3** is about determination, which doesn't directly relate to the context of "purposes" as used here.

5. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context clearly indicates that "purposes" refers to the uses or applications of Cerenia, making **Sense 2** ("what something is used for") the most appropriate choice.

6. **Returning the Answer**:
   - Since **Sense 2** is the second candidate sense listed, it corresponds to the index "2".

The final answer is: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: given
Context:
Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be <t>given</t> for up to five days How does Cerenia work?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
2. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
3. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
4. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
5. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
6. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
7. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
8. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
9. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
10. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
11. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
12. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
13. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
14. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
15. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
16. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
17. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
18. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
19. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
20. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
21. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
22. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
23. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
24. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
25. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
26. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
27. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
28. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
29. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
30. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
31. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
32. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
33. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
34. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
35. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
36. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
37. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
38. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
39. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
40. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
41. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
42. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
43. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
44. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "given" in the context provided, let's analyze the given sentence and the candidate senses.

The sentence is: "For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days."

The context is about the usage of a medicine named Cerenia, which is used to prevent or treat vomiting in dogs. The sentence specifically talks about the duration for which Cerenia can be administered.

Let's examine the relevant candidate senses:

- Sense 1: cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense. While this could potentially fit, the examples given (e.g., "She gave him a black eye") don't directly relate to administering medicine.
- Sense 4: convey or reveal information. This doesn't fit the context as Cerenia is a medicine, not information.
- Sense 8: give as a present; make a gift of. This doesn't apply as Cerenia is not being given as a gift but rather administered as a treatment.
- Sense 19: give (as medicine). The example "I gave him the drug" directly relates to administering medicine, which fits the context of the sentence.

Upon reviewing the candidate senses and considering the context, the most appropriate sense for "given" in the sentence is related to administering medicine.

The best sense is: {"sense_index": 19}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: day
Target surface form: days
Context:
Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five <t>days</t> How does Cerenia work?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=day%1:28:00:: | definition=time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis | synonyms=twenty-four hours, twenty-four hour period, 24-hour interval, solar day, mean solar day | examples=two days later they left; they put on two performances every day
2. sense_key=day%1:28:03:: | definition=some point or period in time | examples=it should arrive any day now; after that day she never trusted him again
3. sense_key=day%1:28:01:: | definition=a day assigned to a particular purpose or observance | examples=Mother's Day
4. sense_key=day%1:28:02:: | definition=the time after sunrise and before sunset while it is light outside | synonyms=daytime, daylight | examples=the dawn turned night into day; it is easier to make the repairs in the daytime
5. sense_key=day%1:28:04:: | definition=the recurring hours when you are not sleeping (especially those when you are working) | examples=my day began early this morning; it was a busy day on the stock exchange
6. sense_key=day%1:28:05:: | definition=an era of existence or influence | examples=in the day of the dinosaurs; in the days of the Roman Empire
7. sense_key=day%1:28:07:: | definition=the period of time taken by a particular planet (e.g. Mars) to make a complete rotation on its axis | examples=how long is a day on Jupiter?
8. sense_key=day%1:28:06:: | definition=the time for one complete rotation of the earth relative to a particular star, about 4 minutes shorter than a mean solar day | synonyms=sidereal day
9. sense_key=day%1:26:00:: | definition=a period of opportunity | examples=he deserves his day in court; every dog has his day
10. sense_key=day%1:18:00:: | definition=United States writer best known for his autobiographical works (1874-1935) | synonyms=Clarence Day, Clarence Shepard Day Jr.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: receptor
Target surface form: receptor
Context:
Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) <t>receptor</t>, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=receptor%1:08:01:: | definition=a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
2. sense_key=receptor%1:08:00:: | definition=an organ having nerve endings (in the skin or viscera or eye or ear or nose or mouth) that respond to stimulation | synonyms=sense organ, sensory receptor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "receptor" in the given context, let's analyze the information provided.

The context discusses Cerenia, an anti-emetic used in dogs to prevent vomiting, and explains that it works by blocking a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system.

The two candidate senses for "receptor" are:
1. A cellular structure that mediates between a chemical agent acting on nervous tissue and the physiological response.
2. An organ having nerve endings that respond to stimulation.

Given the context that Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor in the central nervous system, we're dealing with a specific biochemical interaction. The first sense refers to a "cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response." This description aligns with the concept of a receptor as a specific site on a cell that interacts with a chemical agent (like a neurotransmitter or a drug), which is relevant to how Cerenia works by blocking a specific receptor.

The second sense refers to an "organ having nerve endings (in the skin or viscera or eye or ear or nose or mouth) that respond to stimulation," which is more related to sensory perception.

The context specifically mentions the action of Cerenia on the NK1 receptor in the central nervous system, indicating a biochemical interaction at the cellular level rather than referring to an organ with nerve endings. Therefore, the most appropriate sense is the one related to a cellular structure mediating between a chemical agent and a physiological response.

Thus, the best indexed sense for "receptor" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studied
Context:
It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been <t>studied</t>? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%2:31:02:: | definition=consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning | synonyms=analyze, analyse, examine, canvass, canvas | examples=analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial
2. sense_key=study%2:31:03:: | definition=be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning
3. sense_key=study%2:39:00:: | definition=give careful consideration to | synonyms=consider | examples=consider the possibility of moving
4. sense_key=study%2:31:00:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, read, take | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
5. sense_key=study%2:31:01:: | definition=learn by reading books | synonyms=hit the books | examples=He is studying geology in his room; I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now
6. sense_key=study%2:31:04:: | definition=think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes | synonyms=meditate, contemplate | examples=He is meditating in his study

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of <t>studies</t> with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "studies" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses the use of Cerenia in veterinary medicine, specifically its application in treating vomiting and its mechanism of action. It mentions that a large number of "studies" with Cerenia were conducted in laboratory dogs and animal patients.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The word "studies" is the plural form of "study." The context suggests that "studies" refers to investigations or research conducted to understand or evaluate something—in this case, Cerenia.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. a detailed critical inspection**: This definition aligns with research or investigation, which fits the context of evaluating Cerenia.
   - **2. applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject**: This doesn't directly fit as the context is about research on Cerenia, not learning or understanding a subject in an academic sense.
   - **3. a written document describing the findings of some individual or group**: This is plausible as research studies often result in written reports.
   - **4. a state of deep mental absorption**: This doesn't fit the context as it refers to a mental state rather than research or investigation.
   - **5. a room used for reading and writing and studying**: This is irrelevant to the context.
   - **6. a branch of knowledge**: Not directly relevant as "studies" here refers to specific investigations, not a field of study.
   - **7. preliminary drawing for later elaboration**: This is unrelated to the context.
   - **8. attentive consideration and meditation**: While related to mental effort, it doesn't directly correspond to the research context.
   - **9. someone who memorizes quickly and easily**: This is unrelated to the context.
   - **10. a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique**: This is also unrelated.

4. **Choosing the Best Sense**:
   - The context indicates that "studies" refers to research or investigations into Cerenia.
   - Sense 1 ("a detailed critical inspection") and Sense 3 ("a written document describing the findings of some individual or group") both could potentially fit this context.
   - However, "studies" more directly refers to the research or investigation process itself rather than the written document that might result from it.

5. **Decision**:
   - The most appropriate definition is **1. a detailed critical inspection** because it directly corresponds to the research or investigation context. The synonym "survey" also supports this interpretation, as a study can be considered a form of survey or detailed examination.

6. **Response**:
Given the instructions and the analysis, the best indexed sense for "studies" is **1**.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: carry_out
Target surface form: carried out
Context:
In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were <t>carried out</t> either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=carry_out%2:36:00:: | definition=put in effect | synonyms=carry through, accomplish, execute, action, fulfill, fulfil | examples=carry out a task; execute the decision of the people
2. sense_key=carry_out%2:30:00:: | definition=pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue | synonyms=follow through, follow up, follow out, implement, put through, go through | examples=Did he go through with the treatment?; He implemented a new economic plan

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for "carried out" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information.

The sentence where "carried out" appears is: "A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA."

The context is about the research or studies conducted on Cerenia, a medication used in veterinary practices.

Now, let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense has a definition of "put in effect" with synonyms like "carry through, accomplish, execute, action, fulfill, fulfil" and examples such as "carry out a task; execute the decision of the people." This sense implies taking action or performing a task or operation.

2. The second sense is defined as "pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue" with synonyms like "follow through, follow up, follow out, implement, put through, go through" and examples like "Did he go through with the treatment?; He implemented a new economic plan." This sense suggests completing or seeing something through to its end.

Given the context, "carried out" refers to the execution or performance of studies on Cerenia. The phrase "A large number of studies...were carried out" indicates that these studies were conducted or performed.

Both senses seem plausible because they both relate to the idea of doing or completing something. However, the first sense ("put in effect") with its examples like "carry out a task" aligns closely with the context of conducting or performing studies.

Therefore, the best sense for "carried out" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: laboratory
Target surface form: laboratory
Context:
In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in <t>laboratory</t> dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=laboratory%1:06:00:: | definition=a workplace for the conduct of scientific research | synonyms=lab, research lab, research laboratory, science lab, science laboratory
2. sense_key=laboratory%1:15:00:: | definition=a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation | synonyms=testing ground | examples=the new nation is a testing ground for socioeconomic theories; Pakistan is a laboratory for studying the use of American troops to combat terrorism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "laboratory" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The text discusses Cerenia, a medication used for treating vomiting in dogs. It mentions how Cerenia works, its study, and the benefits shown during these studies. The specific sentence with the target word is: "A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA."

2. **Understanding the Target Word's Usage**: In the sentence, "laboratory dogs" is used. Here, "laboratory" is an adjective modifying "dogs," indicating that these dogs are used in a laboratory setting for research purposes.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. laboratory%1:06:00::**: This sense defines "laboratory" as "a workplace for the conduct of scientific research." The synonyms provided are "lab, research lab, research laboratory, science lab, science laboratory." The usage of "laboratory" to describe dogs used in research aligns with this sense, as it implies the dogs are used in a research laboratory.
   - **2. laboratory%1:15:00::**: This sense defines "laboratory" as "a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation." The synonym given is "testing ground." Examples include using a country as a testing ground for socioeconomic theories or military tactics. This sense does not directly relate to the physical or operational context of conducting scientific research on animals.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context clearly indicates that "laboratory dogs" refers to dogs used in scientific research, likely in a controlled environment like a laboratory.
   - The first sense directly relates to a workplace for scientific research, which aligns with the context of using dogs in research studies.
   - The second sense is more metaphorical and does not directly apply to the context of "laboratory dogs."

Given the context and the definitions provided, the best indexed sense for "laboratory" is the one that corresponds to a workplace for the conduct of scientific research.

Therefore, the best sense index is: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dog
Target surface form: dogs
Context:
In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory <t>dogs</t> or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: | definition=a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds | synonyms=domestic dog, Canis familiaris | examples=the dog barked all night
2. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: | definition=a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman | synonyms=frump | examples=she got a reputation as a frump; she's a real dog
3. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: | definition=informal term for a man | examples=you lucky dog
4. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who is morally reprehensible | synonyms=cad, bounder, blackguard, hound, heel | examples=you dirty dog
5. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: | definition=a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll | synonyms=frank, frankfurter, hotdog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie
6. sense_key=dog%1:06:00:: | definition=a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward | synonyms=pawl, detent, click
7. sense_key=dog%1:06:01:: | definition=metal supports for logs in a fireplace | synonyms=andiron, firedog, dog-iron | examples=the andirons were too hot to touch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: several
Target surface form: several
Context:
In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in <t>several</t> European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=several%5:00:00:some:00 | definition=(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many | examples=several letters came in the mail; several people were injured in the accident
2. sense_key=several%5:00:00:individual:00 | definition=considered individually | synonyms=respective, various | examples=the respective club members; specialists in their several fields
3. sense_key=several%5:00:00:different:00 | definition=distinct and individual | examples=three several times

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "several" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The sentence where "several" is used is: "A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA." Here, "several" is used to describe the number of European countries involved in the studies.

2. **Understanding the Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: Indicates an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many. Example: "several letters came in the mail."
   - **Sense 2**: Refers to things considered individually. Synonyms include "respective" and "various." Example: "specialists in their several fields."
   - **Sense 3**: Means distinct and individual. Example: "three several times."

3. **Applying the Context to the Candidate Senses**:
   - In the given context, "several" is used to indicate that there were more than two or three European countries involved, but not necessarily a large number. This aligns with **Sense 1**, which is about an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many.
   - **Sense 2** implies a consideration of individual entities, which could fit if we interpret "several European countries" as emphasizing the individual countries. However, the primary focus is on the number rather than their individuality.
   - **Sense 3** suggests distinct or different instances, which doesn't directly apply to the context of counting countries.

4. **Making the Choice**:
   - The use of "several" in the context is primarily to indicate a small, indefinite number greater than two or three. Thus, it matches **Sense 1**, which is about indicating a number more than 2 or 3 but not many.

5. **Conclusion**: The best indexed sense for "several" in the given context is **1**.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: benefit
Target surface form: benefit
Context:
For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What <t>benefit</t> has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=benefit%1:21:00:: | definition=financial assistance in time of need
2. sense_key=benefit%1:07:00:: | definition=something that aids or promotes well-being | synonyms=welfare | examples=for the benefit of all
3. sense_key=benefit%1:10:00:: | definition=a performance to raise money for a charitable cause

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "benefit" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The text discusses the drug Cerenia, its mechanism of action, and its efficacy in preventing or treating vomiting in dogs as evidenced by various studies. The sentence with the target word is "What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?" This indicates that the discussion is centered around the positive outcomes or advantages of using Cerenia.

2. **Understanding the Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. financial assistance in time of need**: This sense refers to receiving financial help during a difficult period.
   - **2. something that aids or promotes well-being**: This sense is about something that provides an advantage or improves a situation or condition. The synonyms include "welfare," and an example is "for the benefit of all."
   - **3. a performance to raise money for a charitable cause**: This refers to an event, like a show or concert, held to collect money for a charity.

3. **Analyzing the Context and Candidate Senses**:
   - The context is about a veterinary medicine and its positive effects as shown in studies.
   - The sentence "What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?" is followed by "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo," indicating that "benefit" refers to the positive outcome or advantage of using Cerenia.
   - Sense 1 is not relevant because the context doesn't discuss financial assistance.
   - Sense 3 is also not relevant as there's no mention of a performance or event to raise money for charity.
   - Sense 2 fits well because it talks about something (in this case, Cerenia) aiding or promoting well-being (reducing vomiting in dogs), aligning with the context and the example "for the benefit of all," which implies a positive outcome for the subjects involved.

4. **Conclusion**: Based on the context and the analysis of the candidate senses, the best indexed sense for "benefit" is the one that refers to something that aids or promotes well-being.

Therefore, the correct sense index is 2.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: shown
Context:
For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia <t>shown</t> during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "shown" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?"

The context is about the results of studies on the effectiveness of a medicine called Cerenia. The sentence is asking about the benefits or positive outcomes observed during these studies.

Let's examine the relevant candidate senses:

1. **Sense 1**: "give an exhibition of to an interested audience" - This doesn't fit the context as the sentence is not about exhibiting something to an audience.
2. **Sense 2**: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment" - This is a strong candidate because the context involves studies (experiments) that demonstrate the effectiveness of Cerenia.
3. **Sense 3**: "provide evidence for" - This is also a strong candidate because the sentence is about the evidence (benefit) provided by the studies.
4. Other senses don't directly fit the context as well as Senses 2 and 3.

Between Senses 2 and 3, both could potentially fit. However, Sense 3 ("provide evidence for") is more directly related to the context because "shown" here refers to the evidence or results (benefit) that the studies provided regarding Cerenia's effectiveness.

The synonyms for Sense 3 are "testify, bear witness, prove, evidence," and an example is "The blood test showed that he was the father." This aligns with the context where the studies "showed" (provided evidence) that Cerenia was effective.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "shown" in the given context is **3**.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the <t>studies</t>? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "studies" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses the drug Cerenia, its mechanism of action, and the results of various investigations or research conducted on it. The term "studies" is used in the context of evaluating the efficacy of Cerenia in comparison to a placebo.

2. **Understanding the Term "studies"**: In this context, "studies" refers to systematic investigations or research conducted to assess the effectiveness of Cerenia.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. a detailed critical inspection**: This definition aligns with the context of systematic investigations or research.
   - **2. applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject**: This doesn't directly fit as the context is about research results, not the act of learning.
   - **3. a written document describing the findings of some individual or group**: This is a plausible definition since the passage mentions the "results of the studies," implying a document or report of findings.
   - **4. a state of deep mental absorption**: This doesn't fit the context as "studies" here refers to research, not a state of being.
   - **5. a room used for reading and writing and studying**: This is irrelevant to the context.
   - **6. a branch of knowledge**: Not directly relevant as "studies" refers to specific research efforts, not a field of study.
   - **7. preliminary drawing for later elaboration**: This is unrelated to the context.
   - **8. attentive consideration and meditation**: While related to mental effort, it doesn't directly correspond to the research context.
   - **9. someone who memorizes quickly and easily**: This is unrelated to the context.
   - **10. a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique**: This is also unrelated.

4. **Choosing the Best Sense**:
   - The context indicates that "studies" refers to research or investigations conducted on Cerenia.
   - Sense 1 ("a detailed critical inspection") and Sense 3 ("a written document describing the findings of some individual or group") are the closest in meaning.
   - The passage mentions "the results of the studies," which suggests that the studies are documented, supporting Sense 3.

5. **Conclusion**: The best indexed sense for "studies" in the given context is **3**, as it refers to written documents or reports describing the findings of research or investigations.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: result
Target surface form: results
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The <t>results</t> of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=result%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
2. sense_key=result%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=solution, answer, resolution, solvent | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book
3. sense_key=result%1:11:00:: | definition=something that results | synonyms=resultant, final result, outcome, termination | examples=he listened for the results on the radio
4. sense_key=result%1:10:01:: | definition=the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=resultant role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "results" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The text discusses the efficacy of a medicine called Cerenia in preventing or treating vomiting in dogs. It mentions that several studies were conducted, and the results of these studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than a placebo.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The target word is "results," which is a noun form of "result." The context indicates that "results" refers to the outcomes or findings of the studies conducted on Cerenia.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot**: This sense refers to a phenomenon caused by a previous phenomenon. While the results of the studies could be considered as outcomes, this sense is more about the causal relationship between events.
   - **2. solution, answer, resolution, solvent**: This sense is related to solving a problem or explaining how to solve it. The context doesn't directly imply that "results" is about solving a problem but rather about the outcome of studies.
   - **3. resultant, final result, outcome, termination**: This sense refers to something that results from a process or an event. The "results" in the context are the outcomes of the studies, fitting this description.
   - **4. resultant role**: This is a semantic role related to the existence of something due to the activity denoted by a verb. It's more abstract and related to grammatical roles rather than the direct meaning of "results" as outcomes.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context clearly indicates that "results" refers to the outcomes or findings of the studies on Cerenia.
   - Sense 3 ("something that results") directly corresponds to this understanding, as it refers to the outcome or final product of a process or event, in this case, the studies conducted.
   - The synonyms and examples provided for sense 3 ("resultant, final result, outcome, termination" and "he listened for the results on the radio") support this interpretation, as "results" is used to denote the outcome of some process or event.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "results" in the given context is **3**.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the <t>studies</t> showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "studies" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses how Cerenia works, how it has been studied, and the benefits it has shown during these studies. The context revolves around research or investigation into the effectiveness of Cerenia.

2. **Target Surface Form**: The target word is "studies," which is a plural form of "study." The context indicates that "studies" refers to investigations or research into the effects of Cerenia.

3. **Candidate Senses Analysis**:
   - **1. sense_key=study%1:04:00::**: "a detailed critical inspection" - This definition aligns with the context of investigating or researching Cerenia's effectiveness.
   - **2. sense_key=study%1:09:03::**: "applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject" - While related to the concept of studying, this doesn't directly fit the context of research studies on a drug.
   - **3. sense_key=study%1:10:00::**: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" - This could fit as the studies mentioned are likely documented.
   - **4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10**: Other senses relate to mental states, physical spaces, branches of knowledge, artistic sketches, memorization, or musical compositions, which don't directly fit the context of research on Cerenia.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context indicates that "studies" refers to research or investigations into Cerenia, which involves detailed inspections or examinations.
   - Sense 1 ("a detailed critical inspection") matches this context closely, as it refers to the act of conducting a thorough examination or research.
   - Sense 3 ("a written document describing the findings") is also plausible because research studies typically result in written reports.

5. **Decision**:
   - Between senses 1 and 3, sense 1 directly refers to the act of studying or researching, which fits the context of how Cerenia "has been studied" and the results "of the studies." Sense 3 refers to the outcome or report of such studies.
   - The context implies both the process (conducting studies) and the outcome (results of the studies), but "studies" primarily refers to the investigations or research conducted.

Given the context and the definitions, **sense_index=1** is the most appropriate because it directly corresponds to the act of conducting detailed critical inspections or research on Cerenia.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: showed
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies <t>showed</t> that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "showed" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo..."

Here, "showed" is used to indicate that the results of the studies provided evidence or demonstrated something about Cerenia's effectiveness.

Let's examine the relevant candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=show%2:39:02::** - This involves giving an exhibition to an interested audience, which doesn't directly fit the context of presenting study results.
2. **sense_key=show%2:31:00::** - This involves establishing the validity of something through an example, explanation, or experiment. While related, the sentence is more about the results indicating something rather than establishing validity directly through the act of showing.
3. **sense_key=show%2:32:00::** - This is about providing evidence for something. The sentence implies that the results of the studies served as evidence that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo.
4. **sense_key=show%2:39:00::** - Making something visible or noticeable. While the results made something noticeable, this sense is somewhat generic.
5. Other senses either don't fit as well or are less directly related to the context of providing evidence or demonstrating something through results.

The synonyms and examples for **sense_key=show%2:32:00::** (prove, demonstrate, establish, shew) and the example "The blood test showed that he was the father" closely align with the usage in the given sentence. The results of the studies are akin to a test or evidence that "showed" or proved something about Cerenia's effectiveness.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "showed" in this context is **3**, corresponding to "provide evidence for" with synonyms like testify, bear witness, prove, evidence.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was <t>more</t> effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "more" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The sentence where "more" is used is: "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo..." Here, "more" is used to compare the effectiveness of Cerenia against a placebo.

2. **Understanding the Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: `more%4:02:00::` is defined as "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs" with synonyms "to a greater extent" and examples like "more interesting; more beautiful". This sense is about forming comparatives for adjectives or adverbs.
   - **Sense 2**: `more%4:02:01::` is defined as "comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent" with examples like "he works more now; they eat more than they should". This sense is more about quantity or degree.

3. **Applying Context to Candidate Senses**:
   - In the given sentence, "more" is used in the phrase "more effective", which is a comparative form of the adjective "effective". This usage aligns with forming the comparative of an adjective, which is directly related to **Sense 1**.
   - The context is comparing the effectiveness of two treatments, which involves comparing the degree of a quality (effectiveness), not directly quantifying something (like work or eating).

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - Given that "more" is used to form the comparative of the adjective "effective", the most appropriate sense is **Sense 1**.

5. **Returning the Answer in the Required Format**:
   - The sense index for the chosen sense is 1.

{"sense_index": 1}