[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several <t>other</t> more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other <t>more</t> common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "more" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "...as well as several other more common cancers, too."

Here, "more" is used to modify the adjective "common," indicating a greater degree of the quality described by "common." The phrase "more common" suggests that the cancers being referred to are common to a greater extent or degree than others.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is defined as "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs" with the synonym "to a greater extent" and examples like "more interesting" or "more beautiful." This definition fits the usage of "more" in the given sentence, as it is used to form the comparative of the adjective "common."

2. The second sense is the comparative of "much," indicating "to a greater degree or extent." While this sense is related to the concept of comparison, it is more directly associated with the quantity or amount rather than the degree of a quality described by an adjective.

Given the context, "more" is used to intensify the adjective "common," indicating that the cancers are common to a greater degree. This aligns with the first sense, which involves forming the comparative of adjectives.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "more" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: common
Target surface form: common
Context:
There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more <t>common</t> cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=common%3:00:02:: | definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good; common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community
2. sense_key=common%3:00:01:: | definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man; a common sailor
3. sense_key=common%5:00:00:shared:00 | definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | synonyms=mutual | examples=a common friend; the mutual interests of management and labor
4. sense_key=common%5:00:00:familiar:02 | definition=commonly encountered | synonyms=usual | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting
5. sense_key=common%5:00:00:informal:02 | definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | synonyms=vernacular, vulgar | examples=common parlance; a vernacular term
6. sense_key=common%5:00:00:lowborn:00 | definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | synonyms=plebeian, vulgar, unwashed | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly; behavior that branded him as common
7. sense_key=common%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | synonyms=coarse | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded; produced...the common cloths used by the poorer population
8. sense_key=common%5:00:00:unrefined:01 | definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | synonyms=coarse, rough-cut, uncouth, vulgar | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind; behavior that branded him as common
9. sense_key=common%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "common" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too."

Here, "common" is used to describe "cancers." The context suggests that the cancers being referred to are those that are frequently encountered or widespread, as opposed to rare or unusual ones.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. Belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public. This doesn't fit the context as "common cancers" isn't referring to cancers that are public or shared by a community in the sense of being communal.

2. Having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual. This sense fits well because "common cancers" can be understood as cancers that are frequently encountered or usual.

3. Common to or shared by two or more parties. This doesn't directly apply because the context doesn't imply that the cancers are shared between parties; rather, it suggests they are of a certain frequency or type.

4. Commonly encountered. This is a good fit as it directly corresponds to the idea of "common cancers" being those that are frequently seen.

5. Being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language. This doesn't apply as the context is scientific and not about the language used.

6. Of or associated with the great masses of people. While this could potentially apply in a broad sense, it's not the most direct interpretation in this scientific context.

7. Of low or inferior quality or value. This doesn't fit as the context doesn't discuss the quality or value of the cancers.

8. Lacking refinement or cultivation or taste. This is not relevant as it pertains to manners or cultural aspects, not the frequency or type of cancers.

9. To be expected; standard. While this could be a possible interpretation, it's less directly related to the frequency or commonality of the cancers compared to some other options.

Given the context and the definitions, the best fit for "common" is sense 4 or sense 2, as both relate to being "commonly encountered" or "usual/ordinary." Sense 4 directly states "commonly encountered," which aligns well with the context of frequently occurring cancers.

The best indexed sense is: {"sense_index": 4}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancers
Context:
There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common <t>cancers</t>, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discoveries
Context:
At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these <t>discoveries</t> will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "discoveries" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information and the context itself.

The context discusses scientists identifying and isolating genes related to various types of cancer, such as colon cancer and lung cancer, and the potential implications of these findings for developing predictive tests and new therapies. The term "discoveries" is used in the sentence: "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate."

Now, let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense refers to "the act of discovering something." While this is related to the context, the term "discoveries" in the sentence seems to refer to the outcomes or results of the act rather than the act itself.

2. The second sense is defined as "something that is discovered." This aligns well with the context, as "discoveries" here refers to the genes or the knowledge about the genes that have been discovered.

3. The third sense is "a productive insight." While discoveries in science can lead to insights, the term "discoveries" here directly refers to the findings or the genes discovered rather than the insight gained from them.

4. The fourth sense is related to legal proceedings and is not relevant to the context provided.

Given the context and the definitions, "discoveries" refers to the genes or knowledge that have been discovered, which aligns with the second sense: "something that is discovered."

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "discoveries" in this context is the second sense.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can <t>only</t> speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "only" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate."

Here, "only" is used to convey that scientists are limited to speculation regarding where the discoveries will lead. It implies that speculation is the sole action they can take in this context.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. "and nothing more" - This sense is often used to convey a limitation or a minimal extent. Example: "I was merely asking." The synonym "merely" fits this context, as in "scientists can merely speculate," implying that speculation is all they can do.

2. "without any others being included or involved" - This implies exclusivity. Example: "was entirely to blame." While "entirely" and "exclusively" are synonyms, they don't perfectly fit the context of speculating as the only action.

3. "with nevertheless the final result" - This sense is used in a different context, often with a contrast. Example: "He arrived only to find his wife dead." It doesn't fit the given sentence's context.

4. "in the final outcome" - This is used to indicate a result. Example: "These news will only make you more upset." It suggests an outcome or consequence, not fitting the context of the given sentence.

5. "except that" - Used for a contrast or an exception. Example: "It was the same story; only this time she came out better." Not applicable here.

6. "never except when" - Indicates a condition. Example: "call me only if your cold gets worse." Not relevant to the given context.

7. "as recently as" - Indicates a time. Example: "I spoke to him only an hour ago." Not applicable.

The use of "only" in the sentence implies that speculation is the sole or limited action scientists can take regarding the outcome of the discoveries. The closest sense that fits is "and nothing more" (sense 1), as it implies that speculating is all scientists can do. The synonym "merely" can be used in a similar context ("scientists can merely speculate"), supporting this interpretation.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "only" in the given context is sense 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: speculate
Target surface form: speculate
Context:
At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only <t>speculate</t>. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=speculate%2:31:01:: | definition=to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds | synonyms=theorize, theorise, conjecture, hypothesize, hypothesise, hypothecate | examples=Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps
2. sense_key=speculate%2:32:00:: | definition=talk over conjecturally, or review in an idle or casual way and with an element of doubt or without sufficient reason to reach a conclusion | examples=We were speculating whether the President had to resign after the scandal
3. sense_key=speculate%2:31:00:: | definition=reflect deeply on a subject | synonyms=chew over, think over, meditate, ponder, excogitate, contemplate | examples=I mulled over the events of the afternoon; philosophers have speculated on the question of God for thousands of years
4. sense_key=speculate%2:40:00:: | definition=invest at a risk | synonyms=job | examples=I bought this house not because I want to live in it but to sell it later at a good price, so I am speculating

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the word "speculate" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate."

Here, "speculate" is used in the context of scientists trying to understand or predict the outcomes or implications of certain discoveries related to cancer research and genetics.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is defined as "to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds." The synonyms include "theorize," "conjecture," and "hypothesize." The example given is "Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps." This sense aligns with the context because scientists are trying to predict or theorize where their discoveries will lead, which is uncertain.

2. The second sense involves "talk[ing] over conjecturally, or review[ing] in an idle or casual way and with an element of doubt or without sufficient reason to reach a conclusion." The example is "We were speculating whether the President had to resign after the scandal." While this involves conjecture, the context provided doesn't directly suggest that scientists are discussing or debating among themselves.

3. The third sense is "reflect deeply on a subject." The synonyms include "meditate," "ponder," and "contemplate." The example is "philosophers have speculated on the question of God for thousands of years." This sense implies a deep or thoughtful consideration, which could fit the context of scientists thinking about the implications of their discoveries.

4. The fourth sense is related to "invest[ing] at a risk." The example is about buying a house to sell later at a good price. This sense is unrelated to the context of the sentence, which is about predicting or understanding the implications of scientific discoveries.

Given the context, the sentence implies that scientists are trying to predict or theorize about the future implications or outcomes of their current discoveries. The closest match is the first sense, which involves believing or theorizing on uncertain grounds. The third sense also seems plausible because it involves deep reflection. However, the context suggests a forward-looking or predictive aspect that is more directly aligned with theorizing or conjecturing about future outcomes.

The first sense ("to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds") is the most appropriate because it directly relates to making educated guesses or hypotheses about something (in this case, where the discoveries will lead) based on current, possibly incomplete, information.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "speculate" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: major
Target surface form: major
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two <t>major</t> pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=major%3:00:06:: | definition=of greater importance or stature or rank | examples=a major artist; a major role
2. sense_key=major%3:00:02:: | definition=greater in scope or effect | examples=a major contribution; a major improvement
3. sense_key=major%3:00:01:: | definition=greater in number or size or amount | examples=a major portion (a majority) of the population; Ursa Major
4. sense_key=major%3:00:05:: | definition=of the field of academic study in which one concentrates or specializes | examples=his major field was mathematics
5. sense_key=major%3:00:04:: | definition=of a scale or mode | examples=major scales; the key of D major
6. sense_key=major%3:00:07:: | definition=of greater seriousness or danger | examples=a major earthquake; a major hurricane
7. sense_key=major%3:00:03:: | definition=of full legal age
8. sense_key=major%5:00:00:senior:00 | definition=of the elder of two boys with the same family name | examples=Jones major

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "major" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies."

Here, "major" is used to describe "pharmaceutical companies." The context suggests that these companies are significant or important in the pharmaceutical industry.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. "of greater importance or stature or rank" - This sense fits well because describing companies as "major" implies they are significant or of high stature in their field.
2. "greater in scope or effect" - While this could potentially apply, it's less directly related to the stature or importance of companies.
3. "greater in number or size or amount" - This sense could apply if "major" is interpreted as indicating the companies are large or significant in size.
4. "of the field of academic study in which one concentrates or specializes" - This is irrelevant to the context of pharmaceutical companies.
5. "of a scale or mode" - This is related to music and is not relevant here.
6. "of greater seriousness or danger" - This doesn't directly apply to describing companies.
7. "of full legal age" - This is unrelated to the description of companies.
8. "of the elder of two boys with the same family name" - This is also unrelated.

Given the context, the most suitable interpretation is that "major" refers to the importance or size of the pharmaceutical companies. Senses 1 and 3 both could potentially fit this interpretation. Sense 1, "of greater importance or stature or rank," directly relates to the significance or prominence of the companies. Sense 3, "greater in number or size or amount," could imply that the companies are large, which is a common interpretation of "major" in this context.

Between these, sense 1 ("of greater importance or stature or rank") is a more direct fit because it directly addresses the stature or importance of the companies, which is a common way "major" is used (e.g., "a major artist," "a major role").

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "major" in this context is sense 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: unit
Target surface form: unit
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb <t>unit</t> of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=unit%1:23:00:: | definition=any division of quantity accepted as a standard of measurement or exchange | synonyms=unit of measurement | examples=the dollar is the United States unit of currency; a unit of wheat is a bushel
2. sense_key=unit%1:24:00:: | definition=an individual or group or structure or other entity regarded as a structural or functional constituent of a whole | examples=the reduced the number of units and installations; the word is a basic linguistic unit
3. sense_key=unit%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization regarded as part of a larger social group | synonyms=social unit | examples=the coach said the offensive unit did a good job; after the battle the soldier had trouble rejoining his unit
4. sense_key=unit%1:09:00:: | definition=a single undivided whole | examples=an idea is not a unit that can be moved from one brain to another
5. sense_key=unit%1:17:00:: | definition=a single undivided natural thing occurring in the composition of something else | synonyms=building block | examples=units of nucleic acids
6. sense_key=unit%1:03:00:: | definition=an assemblage of parts that is regarded as a single entity | synonyms=whole | examples=how big is that part compared to the whole?; the team is a unit

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "unit" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies."

Here, "unit" refers to a part of a larger company, specifically "the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co." This indicates that "unit" is being used to denote a division or a subsidiary within a larger corporate structure.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **unit of measurement**: This doesn't fit the context as "unit" here doesn't refer to a standard of measurement or exchange.
2. **constituent of a whole**: This is a broad definition that could potentially fit, as a subsidiary can be seen as a part of a whole company.
3. **social unit**: This refers to an organization regarded as part of a larger social group. A company or a division within a company can be considered a social unit.
4. **single undivided whole**: This doesn't perfectly fit because while a unit can be considered a whole, the emphasis here is on its being part of a larger entity.
5. **building block**: This refers to a component of something else, typically used in scientific contexts (like nucleic acids). It doesn't fit the corporate context.
6. **single entity**: This is somewhat applicable as it refers to an assemblage of parts regarded as a single entity, but it's broader and not as directly related to organizational structures as another option is.

Given the context, the most appropriate definition is that "unit" refers to an organization or a division within a larger organization, which aligns with **sense_index: 3**, corresponding to "an organization regarded as part of a larger social group."

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: collaborate
Target surface form: collaborating
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are <t>collaborating</t> with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=collaborate%2:41:00:: | definition=work together on a common enterprise of project | synonyms=join forces, cooperate, get together | examples=The soprano and the pianist did not get together very well; We joined forces with another research group
2. sense_key=collaborate%2:41:01:: | definition=cooperate as a traitor | examples=he collaborated with the Nazis when they occupied Paris

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hunter
Target surface form: hunters
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene <t>hunters</t> to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hunter%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who hunts game | synonyms=huntsman
2. sense_key=hunter%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who searches for something | examples=a treasure hunter
3. sense_key=hunter%1:17:00:: | definition=a constellation on the equator to the east of Taurus; contains Betelgeuse and Rigel | synonyms=Orion
4. sense_key=hunter%1:06:00:: | definition=a watch with a hinged metal lid to protect the crystal | synonyms=hunting watch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "hunters" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is about genetic research related to cancer, where scientists are searching for genes involved in various types of cancer. The term "gene hunters" is used in collaboration with major pharmaceutical companies to turn discoveries into predictive tests and new therapies.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. Someone who hunts game - This sense is related to hunting animals, which doesn't fit the context of genetic research.
2. A person who searches for something - This sense is broad and could apply to searching for genes, as it involves looking for something specific.
3. A constellation on the equator to the east of Taurus; contains Betelgeuse and Rigel - This is an astronomical reference and doesn't relate to the context of genetic research or pharmaceutical companies.
4. A watch with a hinged metal lid to protect the crystal - This refers to a type of timepiece and is unrelated to the context.

Given the context, "gene hunters" are individuals searching for specific genes related to cancer. The term "hunters" here metaphorically refers to those who are searching or researching, which aligns with sense 2: "a person who searches for something." The example given, "a treasure hunter," illustrates that this sense can be applied to searching for valuable or significant things, like genes in this context.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "hunters" in the given context is sense 2.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: turn
Target surface form: turn
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to <t>turn</t> the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=turn%2:38:00:: | definition=change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense | examples=Turn towards me; The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face
2. sense_key=turn%2:30:04:: | definition=undergo a transformation or a change of position or action | synonyms=change state | examples=We turned from Socialism to Capitalism; The people turned against the President when he stole the election
3. sense_key=turn%2:42:00:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=become | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
4. sense_key=turn%2:38:02:: | definition=cause to move around or rotate | examples=turn a key; turn your palm this way
5. sense_key=turn%2:30:00:: | definition=change to the contrary | synonyms=change by reversal, reverse | examples=The trend was reversed; the tides turned against him
6. sense_key=turn%2:38:03:: | definition=pass to the other side of | synonyms=move around | examples=turn the corner; move around the obstacle
7. sense_key=turn%2:30:03:: | definition=pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become | synonyms=grow | examples=The weather turned nasty; She grew angry
8. sense_key=turn%2:35:08:: | definition=let (something) fall or spill from a container | synonyms=release | examples=turn the flour onto a plate
9. sense_key=turn%2:38:04:: | definition=move around an axis or a center | examples=The wheels are turning
10. sense_key=turn%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to move around a center so as to show another side of | synonyms=turn over | examples=turn a page of a book
11. sense_key=turn%2:38:06:: | definition=to send or let go | examples=They turned away the crowd at the gate of the governor's mansion
12. sense_key=turn%2:36:00:: | definition=to break and turn over earth especially with a plow | synonyms=plow, plough | examples=Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week; turn the earth in the Spring
13. sense_key=turn%2:35:06:: | definition=shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel | examples=turn the legs of the table; turn the clay on the wheel
14. sense_key=turn%2:30:09:: | definition=change color | examples=In Vermont, the leaves turn early
15. sense_key=turn%2:29:00:: | definition=twist suddenly so as to sprain | synonyms=twist, sprain, wrench, wrick, rick | examples=wrench one's ankle; The wrestler twisted his shoulder
16. sense_key=turn%2:42:13:: | definition=cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics | examples=The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him; The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold
17. sense_key=turn%2:41:10:: | definition=accomplish by rotating | examples=turn a somersault; turn cartwheels
18. sense_key=turn%2:40:13:: | definition=get by buying and selling | examples=the company turned a good profit after a year
19. sense_key=turn%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move along an axis or into a new direction | examples=turn your face to the wall; turn the car around
20. sense_key=turn%2:38:14:: | definition=channel one's attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something | examples=The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction; people turn to mysticism at the turn of a millennium
21. sense_key=turn%2:35:11:: | definition=cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form | synonyms=flex, bend, deform, twist | examples=bend the rod; twist the dough into a braid
22. sense_key=turn%2:35:10:: | definition=alter the functioning or setting of | examples=turn the dial to 10; turn the heat down
23. sense_key=turn%2:33:13:: | definition=direct at someone | examples=She turned a smile on me; They turned their flashlights on the car
24. sense_key=turn%2:32:14:: | definition=have recourse to or make an appeal or request for help or information to | synonyms=call on | examples=She called on her Representative to help her; She turned to her relatives for help
25. sense_key=turn%2:30:01:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, ferment, work | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
26. sense_key=turn%2:30:14:: | definition=become officially one year older | examples=She is turning 50 this year

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "turn" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies."

The word "turn" here is used in the context of transforming or changing something (the anticipated cascade of discoveries) into something else (predictive tests and new therapies).

Let's look at the candidate senses that could potentially fit this context:

- Sense 2: "undergo a transformation or a change of position or action" with the example "We turned from Socialism to Capitalism." This sense implies a change, which is somewhat relevant.
- Sense 3: "undergo a change or development" with the synonym "become" and the example "The water turned into ice." This is also relevant as it involves a change or transformation.
- Sense 16: "cause to change or turn into something different; assume new characteristics" with the example "The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him." This directly involves causing a transformation from one thing into another.

Given the context, "turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies" implies causing a change or transformation from one state (discoveries) into another (predictive tests and new therapies). This matches closely with Sense 16, which involves causing something to change or turn into something different.

The best match is Sense 16.

{"sense_index": 16}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discoveries
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of <t>discoveries</t> into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "discoveries" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information and the context itself.

The context discusses recent findings related to genes involved in various types of cancer and the potential applications of these findings in developing predictive tests and new therapies. The term "discoveries" is used in the context of anticipated advancements in cancer research, specifically related to genes and their potential to lead to new medical treatments.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense refers to "the act of discovering something." While this is related to the concept of discovery, the context seems to focus more on the outcomes or results of these discoveries rather than the act itself.

2. The second sense defines "discovery" as "something that is discovered." This aligns well with the context, as "discoveries" here refers to the genes or knowledge about genes that have been or are expected to be found.

3. The third sense is "a productive insight," which could also fit in a broad interpretation since discoveries in science often lead to new insights. However, the context emphasizes the discoveries themselves rather than the process or the insight gained.

4. The fourth sense is related to legal proceedings and is not relevant to the context provided.

Given the context, "discoveries" refers to the findings or the things that have been discovered, such as genes involved in cancer. This matches the second sense, "something that is discovered."

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "discoveries" in this context is the one corresponding to "something that is discovered."

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, <t>new</t> therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "new" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The context is: "...maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes."

Here, "new therapies" and "new cancer drugs" are being discussed in the context of advancements in cancer research and treatment, based on recent discoveries in genetics.

Let's consider the candidate senses:

1. **Not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered**: This sense fits as "new therapies" and "new cancer drugs" are recent developments.
2. **Original and of a kind not seen before**: This could also apply as the therapies and drugs are potentially novel or innovative.
3. **Lacking training or experience**: This doesn't fit the context as it's discussing therapies and drugs, not people.
4. **Having no previous example or precedent or parallel**: While possible, it's a bit strong as it implies a complete lack of precedent, which may not be the case here.
5. **Other than the former one(s); different**: This sense is plausible as "new" therapies and drugs imply different from existing ones.
6. **Unaffected by use or exposure**: Not relevant here as it refers to the condition of something, not its novelty.
7. **Gratuitously new**: This implies a negative connotation of being new just for the sake of being new, which isn't clearly the case here.
8. & 9. **In use after medieval times** and **used of a living language; being the current stage in its development**: These are not relevant to the context.
9. **Harvested at an early stage of development**: Not relevant as it refers to crops.
10. **Unfamiliar**: Could be a stretch but "new experiences" is given as an example, which is somewhat related but not directly applicable to "therapies" or "drugs".

Given the context, the most fitting sense is that "new" refers to therapies and drugs that are recent or different from existing ones. Between senses 1 and 2, which both could potentially fit, sense 2 ("original and of a kind not seen before") is particularly appealing because it highlights the innovative aspect of these therapies and drugs. However, sense 1 is more directly related to the timing and recentness of the therapies and drugs.

Upon closer inspection, the context suggests that "new therapies" are being developed based on recent genetic discoveries, implying they are not only recent but potentially innovative or different from existing treatments.

Thus, the best sense is **2**, as it captures the essence of being "original and of a kind not seen before," which is in line with the context of developing new treatments based on genetic research.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: say
Context:
Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers <t>say</t> new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "say" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes."

Here, "say" is used to report or convey the opinion or belief of the researchers regarding the potential development of new cancer drugs.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. Express in words - This is a general definition that could apply, but it's too broad.
2. Report or maintain - This sense fits well as it involves stating or asserting something, like alleging or averring.
3. Express a supposition - This involves hypothesizing or assuming something, which is not the primary function here.
4. Have or contain a certain wording or form - This is more about the wording or form of a text, not applicable here.
5. Give instructions to or direct somebody - This involves authoritative direction, not relevant in this context.
6. Speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way - This is about the manner of speaking, not the content or the act of stating an opinion or fact.
7. Communicate or express nonverbally - The context here is verbal, not nonverbal.
8. Utter aloud - While "say" can involve uttering aloud, the focus is on the content being communicated.
9. State as one's opinion or judgement; declare - This is a strong candidate because it involves stating an opinion or judgment.
10. Recite or repeat a fixed text - This is not relevant as "say" here is not about reciting a fixed text.
11. Indicate - This is more about showing or suggesting something indirectly, not directly stating.

Between the relevant senses, "report or maintain" (sense 2) and "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" (sense 9), both could potentially fit. However, "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" (sense 9) is more appropriate because it directly involves stating an opinion or judgment, which aligns with the researchers expressing their belief or opinion about the potential for new cancer drugs.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "say" in this context is sense 9.

{"sense_index": 9}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say <t>new</t> cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "new" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes."

Here, "new" is used to describe "cancer drugs." The context is about medical research and the development of treatments for cancer based on recent discoveries in genetics.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **Not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered.** This sense fits well because it implies that the cancer drugs are being developed or discovered recently.

2. **Original and of a kind not seen before.** While this could potentially apply, the text doesn't directly imply that the drugs are entirely novel or unprecedented, just that they are based on recent genetic discoveries.

3. **Lacking training or experience.** This doesn't apply to "drugs."

4. **Having no previous example or precedent or parallel.** This is a strong possibility because it suggests something unprecedented, but the text doesn't directly state that these drugs are entirely without precedent.

5. **Other than the former one(s); different.** This could apply if the context implied a comparison with existing drugs, but it's not the primary implication here.

6. **Unaffected by use or exposure.** This doesn't apply to the development or description of new drugs.

7. **Gratuitously new.** This implies a negative connotation of being new just for the sake of being new, which isn't the focus here.

8, 9. **In use after medieval times** and **used of a living language; being the current stage in its development.** These are not relevant to the context of "new cancer drugs."

10. **Harvested at an early stage of development.** This doesn't apply to "drugs."

11. **Unfamiliar.** While "new" can imply unfamiliarity, the primary sense here is more about the drugs being recently developed or discovered.

The most fitting sense is **1. not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered**, as it directly relates to the context of recently developed or discovered cancer drugs.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "new" in the given context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: slow
Target surface form: slow
Context:
Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to <t>slow</t> or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=slow%2:30:00:: | definition=lose velocity; move more slowly | synonyms=decelerate, slow down, slow up, retard | examples=The car decelerated
2. sense_key=slow%2:30:01:: | definition=become slow or slower | synonyms=slow down, slow up, slack, slacken | examples=Production slowed
3. sense_key=slow%2:30:05:: | definition=cause to proceed more slowly | synonyms=slow down, slow up | examples=The illness slowed him down

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "slow" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes."

Here, "slow" is used in the context of affecting or acting upon "tumor growth." The action is being done to or on "tumor growth" by "new cancer drugs." So, we're looking for a sense that involves causing something (in this case, tumor growth) to change its rate or state.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is defined as "lose velocity; move more slowly" with synonyms like "decelerate, slow down, slow up, retard." The example given is "The car decelerated." This sense implies an intrinsic change in the velocity of something.

2. The second sense is "become slow or slower" with synonyms "slow down, slow up, slack, slacken" and the example "Production slowed." This sense also implies an intrinsic change but is more about the state of being or becoming slow.

3. The third sense is "cause to proceed more slowly" with synonyms "slow down, slow up" and the example is "The illness slowed him down." This sense involves an external agent or cause that results in something or someone proceeding more slowly.

Given the context, "new cancer drugs" are the external agents intended to affect "tumor growth." The action of "slow" here is causative; it's about the drugs causing tumor growth to proceed more slowly. Therefore, the most appropriate sense is the one that involves an external cause making something else slow.

The best sense for "slow" in this context is the third one, as it involves an external agent (new cancer drugs) causing something (tumor growth) to proceed more slowly.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reverse
Target surface form: reverse
Context:
Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or <t>reverse</t> tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reverse%2:30:00:: | definition=change to the contrary | synonyms=change by reversal, turn | examples=The trend was reversed; the tides turned against him
2. sense_key=reverse%2:30:01:: | definition=turn inside out or upside down | synonyms=turn back, invert
3. sense_key=reverse%2:31:00:: | definition=rule against | synonyms=overrule, overturn, override, overthrow | examples=The Republicans were overruled when the House voted on the bill
4. sense_key=reverse%2:32:00:: | definition=cancel officially | synonyms=revoke, annul, lift, countermand, repeal, overturn | examples=He revoked the ban on smoking; lift an embargo
5. sense_key=reverse%2:30:03:: | definition=reverse the position, order, relation, or condition of | synonyms=invert | examples=when forming a question, invert the subject and the verb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "reverse" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is discussing the potential for new cancer drugs that can slow or reverse tumor growth, based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by certain genes. The idea is to administer growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of damaged genes to patients.

The target word "reverse" is used in the phrase "reverse tumor growth." This implies changing the direction or progression of tumor growth, i.e., stopping it or making it regress.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **change to the contrary** | synonyms=change by reversal, turn | examples=The trend was reversed; the tides turned against him. This sense fits the context as "reverse tumor growth" means changing the progression of tumor growth to the contrary, i.e., stopping or regressing it.

2. **turn inside out or upside down** | synonyms=turn back, invert. This sense doesn't directly fit the context of tumor growth.

3. **rule against** | synonyms=overrule, overturn, override, overthrow | examples=The Republicans were overruled when the House voted on the bill. This sense is not relevant to the context of tumor growth.

4. **cancel officially** | synonyms=revoke, annul, lift, countermand, repeal, overturn | examples=He revoked the ban on smoking; lift an embargo. While this involves a form of reversal, it's more related to official or legal actions, which doesn't directly apply to the biological process of tumor growth.

5. **reverse the position, order, relation, or condition of** | synonyms=invert | examples=when forming a question, invert the subject and the verb. This sense is more about changing the order or condition, which is somewhat applicable but not as directly relevant as sense 1.

Given the context and the analysis, the most appropriate sense for "reverse" is the first one: **change to the contrary**. This is because "reverse tumor growth" implies changing the progression or state of tumor growth to its opposite, i.e., halting or regressing it.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: growth
Target surface form: growth
Context:
Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor <t>growth</t> may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=growth%1:22:00:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. sense_key=growth%1:22:01:: | definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. sense_key=growth%1:14:00:: | definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
5. sense_key=growth%1:11:01:: | definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: | definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00:: | definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "growth" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses genetic research related to cancer, specifically the role of certain genes in suppressing or controlling tumor growth. It mentions the potential for developing new cancer drugs that could slow or reverse tumor growth based on the proteins produced by healthy versions of damaged genes.

2. **Target Word**: The target word is "growth," specifically in the phrase "tumor growth."

3. **Candidate Senses**:
   - **1.** Relates to the biological process of an organism growing.
   - **2.** Refers to a progression from simpler to more complex forms.
   - **3.** Involves a process of becoming larger or more numerous.
   - **4.** Refers to vegetation that has grown.
   - **5.** Describes the gradual beginning or coming forth of something.
   - **6.** Pertains to an abnormal proliferation of tissue, as in a tumor.
   - **7.** Refers to something grown or growing.

4. **Analysis**:
   - The context is about cancer and tumor growth, which directly relates to the abnormal proliferation of cells or tissue.
   - Sense **6** directly corresponds to "(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)," which fits the context of tumor growth.
   - While sense **3** (a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important) could seem relevant because it involves the concept of "growth," it is more general and not as directly related to the pathological context as sense **6**.

5. **Conclusion**: The most appropriate sense for "growth" in the context of "tumor growth" is sense **6**, as it specifically refers to an abnormal proliferation of tissue, such as in a tumor.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for the target word "growth" is {"sense_index": 6}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: base
Target surface form: based
Context:
Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be <t>based</t> on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=base%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation
2. sense_key=base%2:42:04:: | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab
3. sense_key=base%2:34:00:: | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: produce
Target surface form: produced
Context:
Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally <t>produced</t> by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=produce%2:36:02:: | definition=bring forth or yield | synonyms=bring forth | examples=The tree would not produce fruit
2. sense_key=produce%2:36:00:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=make, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
3. sense_key=produce%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen, occur or exist | synonyms=bring about, give rise | examples=This procedure produces a curious effect; The new law gave rise to many complaints
4. sense_key=produce%2:39:01:: | definition=bring out for display | synonyms=bring forth | examples=The proud father produced many pictures of his baby; The accused brought forth a letter in court that he claims exonerates him
5. sense_key=produce%2:36:05:: | definition=cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques | synonyms=grow, raise, farm | examples=The Bordeaux region produces great red wines; They produce good ham in Parma
6. sense_key=produce%2:39:00:: | definition=bring onto the market or release | synonyms=bring on, bring out | examples=produce a movie; bring out a book
7. sense_key=produce%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, develop, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "produced" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes."

Here, "produced" refers to the action of genes creating or making suppressor proteins. The context is about genetics and the biological process of genes generating proteins.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **bring forth or yield** - This sense is often used in the context of natural production, like a tree producing fruit. While it could be related, it's not the most specific or technical sense for the context of genes producing proteins.

2. **create or manufacture a man-made product** - This sense is more related to industrial or manufacturing processes, which doesn't directly fit the biological context of genes producing proteins.

3. **cause to happen, occur or exist** - This is a broad sense that could apply to many contexts, including the biological one, as it implies the genes causing the existence of proteins.

4. **bring out for display** - This sense is not relevant to the context as it refers to presenting something for observation or exhibition.

5. **cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques** - This sense is related to agriculture and farming, not directly relevant to the genetic context.

6. **bring onto the market or release** - This sense is more related to the release of products, movies, or books, not directly applicable to the biological process described.

7. **come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)** - This sense refers to growth or development, not directly to the production of proteins by genes.

Given the context, the most appropriate sense is related to the creation or generation of proteins by genes. Sense 2, "create or manufacture a man-made product," is the closest in implying the creation or making of something, even though it's not perfectly tailored to biological processes. However, it's the most suitable among the given options because it involves the idea of "making" or "creating" something, which can be extended to the biological context of genes producing proteins.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "produced" in this context is **2**.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: idea
Target surface form: idea
Context:
Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The <t>idea</t> would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=idea%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about | synonyms=thought | examples=it was not a good idea; the thought never entered my mind
2. sense_key=idea%1:09:01:: | definition=your intention; what you intend to do | synonyms=mind | examples=he had in mind to see his old teacher; the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces
3. sense_key=idea%1:09:03:: | definition=a personal view | examples=he has an idea that we don't like him
4. sense_key=idea%1:09:02:: | definition=an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth | synonyms=estimate, estimation, approximation | examples=an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take
5. sense_key=idea%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) melodic subject of a musical composition | synonyms=theme, melodic theme, musical theme | examples=the theme is announced in the first measures; the accompanist picked up the idea and elaborated it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "idea" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context discusses recent discoveries related to genes and cancer, and how these discoveries might lead to new therapies. Specifically, it mentions that some researchers believe new cancer drugs may be based on suppressor proteins, and the idea would be to administer growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of damaged genes to patients.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **"the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about"** with synonyms like "thought". The example given is "it was not a good idea; the thought never entered my mind". This sense seems plausible because the text discusses a concept or thought related to administering proteins to patients.

2. **"your intention; what you intend to do"** with synonyms like "mind". The examples provided are "he had in mind to see his old teacher; the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces". This sense is also possible because the text implies an intention or plan to use the growth-controlling proteins as a therapy.

3. **"a personal view"** with the example "he has an idea that we don't like him". This sense doesn't seem to fit as well because the text is discussing a concept or plan in a more objective or scientific context rather than a personal opinion or view.

4. **"an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth"** with synonyms like "estimate, estimation, approximation". The example is "an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take". This sense doesn't fit the context because the text is not discussing an estimation or approximation.

5. **"(music) melodic subject of a musical composition"** with synonyms like "theme, melodic theme, musical theme". The example given is "the theme is announced in the first measures; the accompanist picked up the idea and elaborated it". This sense is not relevant to the context, which is about genetics and cancer treatment.

Given the context, the sentence "The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes." suggests that "idea" refers to a concept or plan that researchers intend to implement or explore. This aligns closely with the first sense, which involves "the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about," and implies a thought or concept being considered.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "idea" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}