[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: small
Target surface form: small
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in <t>small</t>, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=small%3:00:00:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=little | examples=a little dining room; a little house
2. sense_key=small%5:00:00:limited:00 | definition=limited in size or scope | synonyms=minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized | examples=a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation
3. sense_key=small%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=little | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
4. sense_key=small%5:00:00:little:03 | definition=slight or limited; especially in degree or intensity or scope | examples=a series of death struggles with small time in between
5. sense_key=small%5:00:00:inferior:01 | definition=low or inferior in station or quality | synonyms=humble, low, lowly, modest | examples=a humble cottage; a lowly parish priest
6. sense_key=small%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=little, minuscule | examples=little a; small a
7. sense_key=small%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=little | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
8. sense_key=small%5:00:00:fine:00 | definition=have fine or very small constituent particles | examples=a small misty rain
9. sense_key=small%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=not large but sufficient in size or amount | synonyms=modest | examples=a modest salary; modest inflation
10. sense_key=small%5:00:00:decreased:00 | definition=made to seem smaller or less (especially in worth) | synonyms=belittled, diminished | examples=her comments made me feel small

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "small" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "...like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."

Here, "small" is used to describe "rural parishes." The context suggests that "small" is being used to convey the idea of limited size or scope, likely in terms of the number of people or the geographical area.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent - This sense fits the context as it describes "small" in terms of size or extent, which could apply to the size of rural parishes.
2. limited in size or scope - This is another plausible sense as it directly refers to the size or scope, which could be relevant to describing parishes.
3. (of children and animals) young, immature - This sense doesn't fit the context because "small" is not describing children or animals.
4. slight or limited; especially in degree or intensity or scope - While this could potentially fit, it's a bit more abstract than the first two options.
5. low or inferior in station or quality - This sense could potentially apply if "small" is interpreted to mean something about the status or quality of the parishes, but it's less directly related to size.
6. lowercase - This sense is irrelevant to the context.
7. (of a voice) faint - This sense is also irrelevant as "small" is not describing a voice.
8. have fine or very small constituent particles - This sense doesn't fit as "small" is not describing the physical properties of something.
9. not large but sufficient in size or amount - This could be a possible interpretation, suggesting that "small" parishes are still viable or significant.
10. made to seem smaller or less (especially in worth) - This sense implies a comparative or subjective judgment, which isn't directly supported by the context.

Given the context, the most appropriate sense is the one that describes "small" in terms of size or extent. Both senses 1 and 2 seem plausible. However, sense 1 ("limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent") directly addresses the idea of something being "little" in a general sense, which can apply to the size or extent of rural parishes.

Therefore, the best choice is sense 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: council
Target surface form: council
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the <t>council</t>'s program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=council%1:14:01:: | definition=a body serving in an administrative capacity | examples=student council
2. sense_key=council%1:14:02:: | definition=(Christianity) an assembly of theologians and bishops and other representatives of different churches or dioceses that is convened to regulate matters of discipline or doctrine
3. sense_key=council%1:14:00:: | definition=a meeting of people for consultation | examples=emergency council

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "council" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses an organization or group involved in bell ringing, specifically mentioning a program to attract and train ringers. The context implies that this "council" is actively engaged in activities related to bell ringing and is concerned with the maintenance and promotion of this tradition within churches.

2. **Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. sense_key=council%1:14:01::**: Defines a body serving in an administrative capacity. Examples include "student council."
   - **2. sense_key=council%1:14:02::**: Refers to an assembly related to Christianity for regulating matters of discipline or doctrine.
   - **3. sense_key=council%1:14:00::**: Describes a meeting of people for consultation. An example given is "emergency council."

3. **Analysis of Senses**:
   - The context does not directly imply a meeting or an emergency situation, which makes **sense 3** less likely unless we consider the broader interpretation of "a meeting of people for consultation" to potentially include an organization or body that might meet for such purposes.
   - **Sense 2** is plausible because the context involves churches and theological colleges, suggesting a connection to Christianity. However, the specific focus is on bell ringing rather than doctrine or discipline directly.
   - **Sense 1** seems most relevant as it refers to a body serving in an administrative capacity. The "council" in the passage appears to be an organization or administrative body involved in bell ringing, as it is mentioned to have a program for attracting and training ringers.

4. **Decision**:
   - The passage implies that the "council" is an organization or body that is administratively involved in the promotion and management of bell ringing. While it is related to churches and potentially has some ecclesiastical connections, its primary role as described is not directly related to regulating doctrine or discipline (ruling out **sense 2**).
   - The most fitting description is that of a body serving in an administrative capacity (**sense 1**), as it is involved in organizing programs and activities.

5. **Conclusion**: The best indexed sense for "council" in the given context is **1**.

The response in the required JSON format is: {"sense_index": 1}

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's <t>program</t> to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "program" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is about a council's efforts to attract and train bell ringers, and it mentions that their "program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful." The key elements here are the council's initiative, the goal of attracting and training ringers, and the fact that it's a planned set of actions or steps.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. A series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished.
   - This sense fits the context as it refers to a planned series of actions (attracting and training ringers).

2. A system of projects or services intended to meet a public need.
   - While this could potentially fit, the context doesn't explicitly state it's for a public need, though it implies a beneficial goal.

3. A radio or television show.
   - There's no mention of broadcasting, so this is unlikely.

4. A document stating the aims and principles of a political party.
   - The context is not about a political party, so this doesn't fit.

5. An announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event.
   - The context doesn't relate to events or performances in this sense.

6. An integrated course of academic studies.
   - While "train ringers" implies some form of education or training, it's not described as an "academic course of study."

7. A sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute.
   - There's no mention of computers, so this is not relevant.

8. A performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation.
   - The context is not about a performance.

Given the context, the most suitable definition is the first one: "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished." The council has a plan (program) aimed at attracting and training ringers, which aligns with this definition. The synonym provided for this sense is "plan," which fits the context well.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attract
Target surface form: attract
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to <t>attract</t> and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attract%2:35:00:: | definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | synonyms=pull, pull in, draw, draw in | examples=Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers
2. sense_key=attract%2:37:00:: | definition=be attractive to | synonyms=appeal | examples=The idea of a vacation appeals to me; The beautiful garden attracted many people
3. sense_key=attract%2:35:01:: | definition=exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away | examples=the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "attract" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is about a council's efforts to draw in new ringers for church bells, indicating an attempt to pull or draw individuals towards a particular activity or group.

1. The first sense is defined as "direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes." The synonyms provided are "pull, pull in, draw, draw in," and an example is "Her good looks attract the stares of many men." This sense implies an action of drawing something or someone towards oneself or itself through some form of appeal or attribute.

2. The second sense is "be attractive to," with a synonym "appeal," and an example "The beautiful garden attracted many people." This indicates that the subject itself has qualities that are appealing or attractive to others.

3. The third sense refers to a physical force causing a body to approach or preventing it from moving away, as in "the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies." This is more about a physical or scientific attraction.

Given the context, the council is making an effort to draw in or recruit new ringers. The word "attract" here is used in the context of appealing to or drawing individuals towards becoming ringers.

The first sense ("direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes") fits well because it involves drawing or pulling individuals towards something (in this case, bell ringing) through some form of appeal or attribute. The action described is about the council's program to draw in new ringers, which aligns with the idea of using some form of appeal or attribute to direct individuals towards an activity.

The second sense ("be attractive to") is also a plausible interpretation since it implies that the activity or the council's program has qualities that are appealing. However, the context slightly emphasizes the action taken by the council to attract ringers rather than just the inherent attractiveness of the activity.

The third sense is not relevant as it pertains to physical forces, which is not the context here.

Between the first and second senses, the first sense is more appropriate because it directly implies an action taken to draw in or attract new ringers, aligning with the context of the council's efforts.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "attract" in the given context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: train
Target surface form: train
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and <t>train</t> ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=train%2:31:01:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=develop, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
2. sense_key=train%2:31:00:: | definition=undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession | synonyms=prepare | examples=She is training to be a teacher; He trained as a legal aid
3. sense_key=train%2:41:02:: | definition=develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control | synonyms=discipline, check, condition | examples=Parents must discipline their children; Is this dog trained?
4. sense_key=train%2:41:00:: | definition=educate for a future role or function | synonyms=prepare, groom | examples=He is grooming his son to become his successor; The prince was prepared to become King one day
5. sense_key=train%2:41:01:: | definition=teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment | synonyms=educate, school, cultivate, civilize, civilise | examples=Cultivate your musical taste; Train your tastebuds
6. sense_key=train%2:33:00:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, take, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
7. sense_key=train%2:32:00:: | definition=teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports | synonyms=coach | examples=He is training our Olympic team; She is coaching the crew
8. sense_key=train%2:29:00:: | definition=exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition | examples=She is training for the Olympics
9. sense_key=train%2:41:03:: | definition=cause to grow in a certain way by tying and pruning it | examples=train the vine
10. sense_key=train%2:38:00:: | definition=travel by rail or train | synonyms=rail | examples=They railed from Rome to Venice; She trained to Hamburg
11. sense_key=train%2:35:04:: | definition=drag loosely along a surface; allow to sweep the ground | synonyms=trail | examples=The toddler was trailing his pants; She trained her long scarf behind her

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train <t>ringers</t> is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "ringers" in the given context, let's analyze the information provided.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses bell ringing in churches, mentioning the joys of bell ringing, a booklet for vicars about caring for bells, and the issue of a lack of bell ringers. It highlights a survey showing that out of 100,000 trained bellringers in England, only 40,000 still ring bells. The context is centered around church bell ringing and the challenges faced in maintaining or increasing the number of people who ring these bells.

2. **Candidate Senses Analysis**:
   - **Sense 1**: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" with synonyms "toller, bell ringer". This sense directly relates to the context provided, which is about church bell ringing.
   - **Sense 2**: "a person who is almost identical to another" with synonyms "dead ringer, clone". This sense does not relate to the context of bell ringing.
   - **Sense 3**: "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses". This sense is unrelated to the context of church bell ringing.
   - **Sense 4**: "(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg". This sense is related to a different activity (horseshoes) and does not fit the context.

3. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context is about church bell ringing and the challenges related to it, such as the lack of ringers and efforts to attract and train new ones.
   - Sense 1 directly corresponds to this context, as it defines a "ringer" as a person who rings church bells.

4. **Conclusion**: Given the context and the definitions provided, the most appropriate sense for "ringers" is Sense 1, which is related to bell ringing.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is <t>only</t> partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "only" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."

Here, "only" is used to modify the adjective "partly successful," indicating that the program's success is limited or restricted to being partial.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. "and nothing more" - This sense is often used with verbs or nouns, e.g., "I was merely asking." It doesn't perfectly fit the usage in the sentence, where "only" modifies an adjective ("partly successful").

2. "without any others being included or involved" - This sense implies exclusivity. While it could fit in some contexts with "only," the sentence doesn't convey that the program is exclusively partly successful in a way that excludes other outcomes entirely.

3. "with nevertheless the final result" - This doesn't fit the context. The sentence isn't discussing a final result in the sense of an outcome that follows some other event or condition.

4. "in the final outcome" - This sense suggests that something happens as a result or consequence. The sentence doesn't imply that the partial success is a final outcome of some process.

5. "except that" - This is used to indicate an exception or a contrast, as in "It was the same story; only this time she came out better." The usage in the sentence doesn't fit this pattern.

6. "never except when" - This implies a condition, as in "call me only if your cold gets worse." The sentence doesn't convey a conditionality.

7. "as recently as" - This indicates a time frame, as in "I spoke to him only an hour ago." The sentence is not discussing time.

The closest fit is sense 1 ("and nothing more"), as "only" here indicates that the program's success is merely partial, not complete or total. The synonyms provided for this sense (merely, simply, just, but) can help clarify. For example, "the program is merely partly successful" conveys a similar meaning.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "only" in the given context is sense 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, <t>says</t> Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "says" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses the Central Council for Church Bell Ringers' efforts to promote bell ringing and address issues like lack of ringers and their retention. Mr. Baldwin is quoted multiple times, expressing the council's recognition of their changing priorities in church life and the challenges they face in attracting and retaining ringers.

2. **Target Word Analysis**: The target word "says" is used in the context of quoting or reporting Mr. Baldwin's statements. For instance, "Says Mr. Baldwin, 'We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience.'" and "'But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful,' says Mr. Baldwin."

3. **Candidate Senses Analysis**:
   - **1. Express in words**: This involves stating or telling something. The examples given ("He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you") illustrate direct expression of thoughts or feelings.
   - **2. Report or maintain**: This involves alleging or averring something, often with a sense of stating something as fact or assertion. The examples ("He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war") show reporting or maintaining a statement.
   - Other senses involve expressing suppositions, having certain wording, giving instructions, pronouncing or uttering in a certain way, communicating nonverbally, uttering aloud, stating an opinion, reciting a fixed text, or indicating something.

4. **Matching the Context to the Senses**: The use of "says" in the passage is primarily to report or quote Mr. Baldwin's statements directly or indirectly. This matches closely with **reporting or maintaining a statement** (sense_key=say%2:32:01::), as it involves Mr. Baldwin making statements about the council's situation and plans.

5. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**: Based on the context and the provided examples, the best match for "says" is the sense that involves reporting or maintaining a statement. The indexed sense corresponding to "report or maintain" is **2**.

Therefore, the JSON response is: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: Right
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "<t>Right</t> now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%4:02:04:: | definition=precisely, exactly | examples=stand right here!
2. sense_key=right%4:02:08:: | definition=immediately | examples=she called right after dinner
3. sense_key=right%4:02:09:: | definition=exactly | synonyms=flop | examples=he fell flop on his face
4. sense_key=right%4:02:03:: | definition=toward or on the right; also used figuratively | examples=he looked right and left; the party has moved right
5. sense_key=right%4:02:01:: | definition=in the right manner | synonyms=properly, decently, decent, in good order, the right way | examples=please do your job properly!; can't you carry me decent?
6. sense_key=right%4:02:00:: | definition=an interjection expressing agreement | synonyms=right on
7. sense_key=right%4:02:07:: | definition=completely | examples=she felt right at home; he fell right into the trap
8. sense_key=right%4:02:06:: | definition=(Southern regional intensive) very; to a great degree | synonyms=mighty, mightily, powerful | examples=the baby is mighty cute; he's mighty tired
9. sense_key=right%4:02:05:: | definition=in accordance with moral or social standards | synonyms=justly | examples=that serves him right; do right by him
10. sense_key=right%4:02:02:: | definition=in an accurate manner | synonyms=correctly, aright | examples=the flower had been correctly depicted by his son; he guessed right

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "Right" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Here, "Right now" is an idiomatic expression meaning "at this moment" or "immediately." Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. precisely, exactly - While "right" can mean precisely or exactly, the phrase "right now" is more about immediacy.
2. immediately - This sense fits well because "right now" means "at this moment" or "immediately."
3. exactly - Similar to sense 1, this is not the best fit for "right now."
4. toward or on the right; also used figuratively - This doesn't apply to "right now."
5. in the right manner - Not relevant to "right now."
6. an interjection expressing agreement - "Right" is not used here to express agreement.
7. completely - "Right now" doesn't exactly mean "completely," but it does emphasize the immediacy or the current state.
8. (Southern regional intensive) very; to a great degree - This is not the primary usage in the given context.
9. in accordance with moral or social standards - Not relevant here.
10. in an accurate manner - Not applicable to "right now."

The phrase "right now" is best described by sense 2 (immediately), as it indicates that something is happening at the present moment or immediately.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "Right" in the given context is 2.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: now
Target surface form: now
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right <t>now</t>, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: | definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: | definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets
3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: | definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: | definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: | definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: | definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: | definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lucky
Target surface form: lucky
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're <t>lucky</t> if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=occurring by chance | examples=a lucky escape; a lucky guess
2. sense_key=lucky%3:00:00:: | definition=having or bringing good fortune | examples=my lucky day; a lucky man
3. sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:propitious:00 | definition=presaging or likely to bring good luck | synonyms=golden, favorable, favourable, prosperous | examples=a favorable time to ask for a raise; lucky stars

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "lucky" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is about the challenges faced by a council in attracting and retaining bellringers, with Mr. Baldwin stating that they are "lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10." This indicates a situation where achieving a certain level of success (retaining one new ringer out of 10 after five years) is considered fortunate or happening by chance.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense defines "lucky" as occurring by chance, with examples like "a lucky escape" or "a lucky guess." The context implies that retaining one new ringer out of 10 is a fortunate occurrence, which aligns with the idea of something happening by chance or being an fortunate event.

2. The second sense defines "lucky" as having or bringing good fortune, with examples like "my lucky day" or "a lucky man." While this sense also generally relates to good fortune, it tends to describe a person or a day that is fortunate or brings good luck, rather than a specific event or circumstance being fortunate.

3. The third sense defines "lucky" as presaging or likely to bring good luck, with synonyms like "golden," "favorable," "favourable," and "prosperous." The examples given are "a favorable time to ask for a raise" and "lucky stars." This sense is more about something being auspicious or indicative of good luck to come.

Given the context, the statement "we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10" is best described by the first sense. It implies that retaining one new ringer out of 10 is a fortunate occurrence or happens by chance, rather than being a predictable or certain outcome. This aligns with the definition of "lucky" as occurring by chance or being fortunate.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "lucky" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five <t>years</t> we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one <t>new</t> ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringer
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new <t>ringer</t> out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: add
Target surface form: adds
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he <t>adds</t>. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=add%2:30:00:: | definition=make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of | examples=We added two students to that dorm room; She added a personal note to her letter
2. sense_key=add%2:32:01:: | definition=state or say further | synonyms=append, supply | examples=`It doesn't matter,' he supplied
3. sense_key=add%2:40:00:: | definition=bestow a quality on | synonyms=lend, impart, bestow, contribute, bring | examples=Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company; The music added a lot to the play
4. sense_key=add%2:31:00:: | definition=make an addition by combining numbers | synonyms=add together | examples=Add 27 and 49, please!
5. sense_key=add%2:32:00:: | definition=determine the sum of | synonyms=total, tot, tot up, sum, sum up, summate | examples=Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town
6. sense_key=add%2:42:00:: | definition=constitute an addition | examples=This paper will add to her reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "adds" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Here, "adds" is used in the context of someone (Mr. Baldwin) continuing or supplementing his statement with additional information.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense involves making an addition to something or someone, typically in a physical or quantitative sense. While it involves addition, the context here is more about continuing a statement.

2. The second sense is about stating or saying something further. The synonyms provided are "append" and "supply," and an example is given as "`It doesn't matter,' he supplied." This sense fits the context well because "he adds" is used to indicate that Mr. Baldwin is continuing or supplementing his statement.

3. The third sense involves bestowing a quality on something. While "adds" can be used in this context, the sentence doesn't seem to be discussing the addition of a quality to something.

4. The fourth and fifth senses relate to mathematical operations, which are not relevant to the context.

5. The sixth sense is about constituting an addition, which doesn't directly fit the usage in the sentence.

Given the context and the examples, "he adds" is best understood as continuing or supplementing his statement, which aligns with the second sense: "state or say further."

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "adds" in this context is the second sense.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bright
Target surface form: bright
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One <t>bright</t> sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bright%3:00:00:: | definition=emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts | examples=the sun was bright and hot; a bright sunlit room
2. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:colorful:00 | definition=having striking color | synonyms=brilliant, vivid | examples=bright dress; brilliant tapestries
3. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:intelligent:00 | definition=characterized by quickness and ease in learning | synonyms=smart | examples=some children are brighter in one subject than another; smart children talk earlier than the average
4. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:light:06 | definition=having lots of light either natural or artificial | examples=the room was bright and airy; a stage bright with spotlights
5. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:polished:00 | definition=made smooth and bright by or as if by rubbing; reflecting a sheen or glow | synonyms=burnished, lustrous, shining, shiny | examples=bright silver candlesticks; a burnished brass knocker
6. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:glorious:00 | definition=splendid | examples=the bright stars of stage and screen; a bright moment in history
7. sense_key=bright%3:00:02:: | definition=not made dim or less bright | synonyms=undimmed | examples=undimmed headlights; surprisingly the curtain started to rise while the houselights were still undimmed
8. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:reverberant:00 | definition=clear and sharp and ringing | synonyms=brilliant | examples=the bright sound of the trumpet section; the brilliant sound of the trumpets
9. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:happy:00 | definition=characterized by happiness or gladness | examples=bright faces; all the world seems bright and gay
10. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:auspicious:00 | definition=full or promise | synonyms=hopeful, promising | examples=had a bright future in publishing; the scandal threatened an abrupt end to a promising political career

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "bright" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."

Here, "bright" is used to describe a "sign." The context is about a positive development in a particular field (bellringing), where an increasing number of women are participating.

Let's consider the candidate senses:

1. Emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts - This doesn't fit the context as "bright sign" isn't about light emission or reflection.
2. Having striking color - This doesn't directly relate to the context of a "sign" indicating a positive trend.
3. Characterized by quickness and ease in learning - This refers to intelligence, not directly relevant to describing a "sign."
4. Having lots of light - Again, not directly relevant as the context is not about physical light.
5. Made smooth and bright by or as if by rubbing; reflecting a sheen or glow - Not relevant to the context.
6. Splendid - While "splendid" can be positive, it's not the most fitting sense here as it doesn't directly convey the idea of a positive indicator or sign.
7. Not made dim or less bright - This is more about maintaining light intensity, not relevant here.
8. Clear and sharp and ringing - This is more related to sound, not the context provided.
9. Characterized by happiness or gladness - While positive, it doesn't directly fit the usage of "bright sign."
10. Full of promise - This sense fits well as "a bright sign" indicates a positive or promising development.

The term "bright sign" is idiomatic and means a positive or promising indication. The sense that best fits this usage is "full of promise," which is associated with being hopeful or promising.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "bright" in this context is sense 10, "full or promise," which corresponds to sense_index = 10.

{"sense_index": 10}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sign
Target surface form: sign
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright <t>sign</t> is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sign%1:10:05:: | definition=a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened) | synonyms=mark | examples=he showed signs of strain; they welcomed the signs of spring
2. sense_key=sign%1:10:00:: | definition=a public display of a message | examples=he posted signs in all the shop windows
3. sense_key=sign%1:10:03:: | definition=any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message | synonyms=signal, signaling | examples=signals from the boat suddenly stopped
4. sense_key=sign%1:06:01:: | definition=structure displaying a board on which advertisements can be posted | synonyms=signboard | examples=the highway was lined with signboards
5. sense_key=sign%1:15:00:: | definition=(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided | synonyms=sign of the zodiac, star sign, mansion, house, planetary house
6. sense_key=sign%1:26:00:: | definition=(medicine) any objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease | examples=there were no signs of asphyxiation
7. sense_key=sign%1:24:00:: | definition=having an indicated pole (as the distinction between positive and negative electric charges) | synonyms=polarity | examples=he got the polarity of the battery reversed; charges of opposite sign
8. sense_key=sign%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come | synonyms=augury, foretoken, preindication | examples=he hoped it was an augury; it was a sign from God
9. sense_key=sign%1:10:01:: | definition=a gesture that is part of a sign language
10. sense_key=sign%1:10:06:: | definition=a fundamental linguistic unit linking a signifier to that which is signified; --de Saussure | examples=The bond between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary
11. sense_key=sign%1:10:04:: | definition=a character indicating a relation between quantities | examples=don't forget the minus sign

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "sign" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is about the issue of a lack of bellringers in England and the efforts of a council to attract and train new ringers. It mentions that one positive aspect is the increasing number of women entering the field, which was previously male-dominated.

The sentence with the target word is: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."

Now, let's examine the candidate senses:

1. A perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened).
2. A public display of a message.
3. Any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message.
4. Structure displaying a board on which advertisements can be posted.
5. (Astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided.
6. (Medicine) any objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease.
7. Having an indicated pole (as the distinction between positive and negative electric charges).
8. An event that is experienced as indicating important things to come.
9. A gesture that is part of a sign language.
10. A fundamental linguistic unit linking a signifier to that which is signified.
11. A character indicating a relation between quantities.

The context suggests that "sign" refers to an indication or a positive development in the situation being discussed. The increasing number of women in bellringing is presented as a positive indicator or a hopeful sign for the future of the activity.

Sense 1 ("a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent") fits this context well, as the growing number of women in bellringing is a perceptible indication (or sign) of a positive development or change.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "sign" in this context is Sense 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: number
Target surface form: number
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing <t>number</t> of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=number%1:07:00:: | definition=the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals | synonyms=figure | examples=he had a number of chores to do; the number of parameters is small
2. sense_key=number%1:23:00:: | definition=a concept of quantity involving zero and units | examples=every number has a unique position in the sequence
3. sense_key=number%1:10:04:: | definition=a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program | synonyms=act, routine, turn, bit | examples=he did his act three times every evening; she had a catchy little routine
4. sense_key=number%1:10:03:: | definition=the number is used in calling a particular telephone | synonyms=phone number, telephone number | examples=he has an unlisted number
5. sense_key=number%1:10:01:: | definition=a symbol used to represent a number | synonyms=numeral | examples=he learned to write the numerals before he went to school
6. sense_key=number%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=issue | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
7. sense_key=number%1:14:00:: | definition=a select company of people | examples=I hope to become one of their number before I die
8. sense_key=number%1:10:02:: | definition=a numeral or string of numerals that is used for identification | synonyms=identification number | examples=she refused to give them her Social Security number
9. sense_key=number%1:07:01:: | definition=a clothing measurement | examples=a number 13 shoe
10. sense_key=number%1:10:05:: | definition=the grammatical category for the forms of nouns and pronouns and verbs that are used depending on the number of entities involved (singular or dual or plural) | examples=in English the subject and the verb must agree in number
11. sense_key=number%1:06:00:: | definition=an item of merchandise offered for sale | examples=she preferred the black nylon number; this sweater is an all-wool number

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "number" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."

Here, "number" is used to refer to a quantity of people (women). The context is about counting or quantifying a group of individuals.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals** - This definition fits the context as "a growing number of women" refers to an increasing quantity of women.
2. **a concept of quantity involving zero and units** - While related to quantity, this definition is more abstract and doesn't directly fit the context of counting people.
3. **a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program** - This doesn't fit the context; the sentence is not discussing performances.
4. **the number is used in calling a particular telephone** - Not relevant; the context is not about telephone numbers.
5. **a symbol used to represent a number** - Not relevant; the context is about a quantity, not the symbol representing it.
6. **one of a series published periodically** - Not relevant; the context is not about publications.
7. **a select company of people** - This could potentially fit, as it refers to a group of people, but it implies a certain exclusivity or specialness that isn't directly indicated by the context.
8. **a numeral or string of numerals that is used for identification** - Not relevant; the context is not about identification numbers.
9. **a clothing measurement** - Not relevant; the context is not about clothing sizes.
10. **the grammatical category for the forms of nouns and pronouns and verbs that are used depending on the number of entities involved** - Not relevant; the context is not discussing grammatical categories.
11. **an item of merchandise offered for sale** - Not relevant; the context is not about items for sale.

Given the context and the definitions, the most appropriate sense is the first one: "the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals." This is because "a growing number of women" refers to an increasing quantity of women entering a field.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "number" in this context is sense_index 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of <t>women</t> have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: enter
Target surface form: entered
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have <t>entered</t> the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=enter%2:38:00:: | definition=to come or go into | synonyms=come in, get into, get in, go into, go in, move into | examples=the boat entered an area of shallow marshes
2. sense_key=enter%2:33:00:: | definition=become a participant; be involved in | synonyms=participate | examples=enter a race; enter an agreement
3. sense_key=enter%2:41:06:: | definition=register formally as a participant or member | synonyms=enroll, inscribe, enrol, recruit | examples=The party recruited many new members
4. sense_key=enter%2:42:00:: | definition=be or play a part of or in | synonyms=figure | examples=Elections figure prominently in every government program; How do the elections figure in the current pattern of internal politics?
5. sense_key=enter%2:32:04:: | definition=make a record of; set down in permanent form | synonyms=record, put down
6. sense_key=enter%2:36:00:: | definition=come on stage
7. sense_key=enter%2:41:00:: | definition=take on duties or office | synonyms=accede | examples=accede to the throne
8. sense_key=enter%2:35:03:: | definition=put or introduce into something | synonyms=insert, infix, introduce | examples=insert a picture into the text
9. sense_key=enter%2:30:10:: | definition=set out on (an enterprise or subject of study) | synonyms=embark | examples=she embarked upon a new career

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "entered" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."

Here, "entered" is used in the context of women joining or becoming part of a field (bellringing) that was previously dominated by men. The context suggests that "entered" refers to the act of becoming involved or participating in this field.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **come or go into** - While this sense can be literal or figurative, the context here is more about participation or joining a group rather than physically going into a place.

2. **become a participant; be involved in** - This sense fits well as it involves becoming part of an activity or group, aligning with the context of women joining the field of bellringing.

3. **register formally as a participant or member** - This sense implies a more formal process of joining, such as enrolling or recruiting. While it could apply, the text doesn't explicitly mention a formal registration process.

4. **be or play a part of or in** - This is more about being a component or having a role, which is somewhat relevant but not as directly related to joining a field as sense 2.

5. **make a record of; set down in permanent form** - This doesn't fit the context as it relates to recording or documenting something.

6. **come on stage** - This is specific to performing arts and doesn't fit the context.

7. **take on duties or office** - This implies assuming a role or responsibility, which is somewhat relevant but more specific to official positions or duties.

8. **put or introduce into something** - This involves inserting something into another thing, not directly related to joining a field.

9. **set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)** - This implies starting a new project or course of study, which is somewhat relevant but not the best fit for joining a field or activity.

Given the context and the definitions, **sense_index: 2** ("become a participant; be involved in") is the most appropriate as it directly relates to the act of women joining and becoming part of the bellringing field.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: once
Target surface form: once
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the <t>once</t> male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "once" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."

Here, "once" is used to describe the state of the field of bellringing in the past. It indicates that the field was previously male-dominated.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is defined as "on one occasion" with synonyms "one time, in one case" and examples like "once I ran into her." This sense does not fit the context because "once" here is not indicating a single occasion but rather a characteristic of the past.

2. The second sense is defined as "as soon as" with examples like "once we are home, we can rest." This sense does not apply to the given context because "once" is not used to indicate a condition or a timing for an action to happen.

3. The third sense is defined as "at a previous time" with synonyms "formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst" and examples like "at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing." This sense fits the context perfectly because "once" is used to indicate that the field was male-dominated at a previous time.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "once" in the given context is the third sense.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: field
Target surface form: field
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated <t>field</t>; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=field%1:15:00:: | definition=a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed | examples=he planted a field of wheat
2. sense_key=field%1:15:04:: | definition=a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought | synonyms=battlefield, battleground, field of battle, field of honor | examples=they made a tour of Civil War battlefields
3. sense_key=field%1:15:01:: | definition=somewhere (away from a studio or office or library or laboratory) where practical work is done or data is collected | examples=anthropologists do much of their work in the field
4. sense_key=field%1:09:00:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field of study, study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
5. sense_key=field%1:19:00:: | definition=the space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it | synonyms=field of force, force field
6. sense_key=field%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular kind of commercial enterprise | synonyms=field of operation, line of business | examples=they are outstanding in their field
7. sense_key=field%1:26:00:: | definition=a particular environment or walk of life | synonyms=sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena | examples=his social sphere is limited; it was a closed area of employment
8. sense_key=field%1:15:02:: | definition=a piece of land prepared for playing a game | synonyms=playing field, athletic field, playing area | examples=the home crowd cheered when Princeton took the field
9. sense_key=field%1:17:00:: | definition=extensive tract of level open land | synonyms=plain, champaign | examples=they emerged from the woods onto a vast open plain; he longed for the fields of his youth
10. sense_key=field%1:14:00:: | definition=(mathematics) a set of elements such that addition and multiplication are commutative and associative and multiplication is distributive over addition and there are two elements 0 and 1 | examples=the set of all rational numbers is a field
11. sense_key=field%1:15:03:: | definition=a region in which active military operations are in progress | synonyms=field of operations, theater, theater of operations, theatre, theatre of operations | examples=the army was in the field awaiting action; he served in the Vietnam theater for three years
12. sense_key=field%1:14:01:: | definition=all of the horses in a particular horse race
13. sense_key=field%1:14:02:: | definition=all the competitors in a particular contest or sporting event
14. sense_key=field%1:15:05:: | definition=a geographic region (land or sea) under which something valuable is found | examples=the diamond fields of South Africa
15. sense_key=field%1:14:03:: | definition=(computer science) a set of one or more adjacent characters comprising a unit of information
16. sense_key=field%1:09:01:: | definition=the area that is visible (as through an optical instrument) | synonyms=field of view
17. sense_key=field%1:06:00:: | definition=a place where planes take off and land | synonyms=airfield, landing field, flying field

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "field" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."

The context is about bellringing and the increasing participation of women in this activity, which was previously dominated by men. The word "field" here refers to the domain or area of activity related to bellringing.

Let's examine the relevant candidate senses:

- Sense 1 refers to a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed, which doesn't fit the context.
- Sense 4 refers to "a branch of knowledge," which could be a possible interpretation but is not the most fitting as bellringing is more of an activity or skill than a branch of knowledge.
- Sense 6, "a particular kind of commercial enterprise," doesn't directly apply because bellringing isn't typically considered a commercial enterprise.
- Sense 7, "a particular environment or walk of life," is the most relevant. It is defined with synonyms like "sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena," which can refer to an area of activity or a domain. The example "his social sphere is limited; it was a closed area of employment" illustrates how "sphere" or "area" can denote a domain or field of activity.

Given the context and the definitions, the best fit for "field" is Sense 7, as it refers to the domain or area of bellringing activity.

{"sense_index": 7}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: third
Target surface form: third
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a <t>third</t> of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=third%1:23:00:: | definition=one of three equal parts of a divisible whole | synonyms=one-third, tierce | examples=it contains approximately a third of the minimum daily requirement
2. sense_key=third%1:04:00:: | definition=the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed near the third of the bases in the infield (counting counterclockwise from home plate) | synonyms=third base | examples=he is playing third
3. sense_key=third%1:24:00:: | definition=following the second position in an ordering or series | examples=a distant third; he answered the first question willingly, the second reluctantly, and the third with resentment
4. sense_key=third%1:10:00:: | definition=the musical interval between one note and another three notes away from it | examples=a simple harmony written in major thirds
5. sense_key=third%1:06:00:: | definition=the third from the lowest forward ratio gear in the gear box of a motor vehicle | synonyms=third gear | examples=you shouldn't try to start in third gear
6. sense_key=third%1:06:01:: | definition=the base that must be touched third by a base runner in baseball | synonyms=third base | examples=he was cut down on a close play at third

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the <t>ringers</t> today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "ringers" in the given context, let's analyze the information provided.

The context revolves around the activity of ringing church bells, mentioning "bellringers," "bells need to be rung," and the challenges faced in maintaining a sufficient number of people to perform this task. It specifically talks about a survey of trained bellringers, the location of ringers relative to where bells are needed, and a program to attract and train new ringers.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **A person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)**: This definition directly relates to the context provided, which discusses bellringing, the number of trained bellringers, and efforts to attract new ringers. The synonyms "toller" and "bell ringer" further support this connection.

2. **A person who is almost identical to another**: This sense does not fit the context, as there's no discussion about individuals being identical to one another.

3. **A contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses**: The context does not mention any competition or the act of entering under false pretenses, making this sense irrelevant.

4. **(Horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg**: This definition pertains to a different activity altogether (horseshoes) and does not relate to the context of bellringing.

Given the context and the definitions provided, the most appropriate sense for "ringers" is clearly related to bellringing.

The best indexed sense is: {"sense_index": 1}