[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: conference
Target surface form: conference
Context:
There are many successful schools scattered throughout this nation, some of them in the poorest of ghettos, and they are all sending us the same message. Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' <t>conference</t> on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=conference%1:14:00:: | definition=a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)
2. sense_key=conference%1:14:01:: | definition=an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members | synonyms=league
3. sense_key=conference%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic | synonyms=group discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "conference" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is discussing a meeting of governors where they discuss education, and specifically mentions the "recent governors' conference on education." The sentence implies a formal gathering with a specific agenda, as Gov. Bill Clinton is quoted making a statement about educational policy.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=conference%1:14:00::** - This sense defines a conference as "a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)". The context provided matches this definition well, as it describes a meeting of governors with a focus on education, indicating a prearranged meeting with a formal agenda.

2. **sense_key=conference%1:14:01::** - This sense refers to "an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members". The context does not support this definition, as there is no mention of sports teams or matches.

3. **sense_key=conference%1:10:00::** - This sense is defined as "a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic". While this could broadly encompass the context, it is less specific about the nature of the meeting being prearranged or having a formal agenda than the first sense.

Given the context, the most appropriate definition is the first one, as it accurately describes a prearranged meeting (the governors' conference) with a specific topic (education) and implies a formal agenda. The mention of "recent governors' conference on education" directly aligns with the notion of a prearranged meeting for discussion on a specific topic.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "conference" in this context is **1**.

{"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
There are many successful schools scattered throughout this nation, some of them in the poorest of ghettos, and they are all sending us the same message. Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on <t>education</t>, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "education" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses schools, educational reform, and a governors' conference on education. It touches upon the issues related to the education system and the need for a comprehensive child-development policy.

2. **Understanding the Target**: The target word is "education" as it appears in the phrase "governors' conference on education."

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. education%1:04:00::**: Activities of educating or instructing; imparting knowledge or skill. This sense is related to the process or activities involved in education.
   - **2. education%1:09:00::**: Knowledge acquired by learning and instruction. This refers to the outcome or result of the educational process.
   - **3. education%1:09:01::**: The gradual process of acquiring knowledge. This sense focuses on the process of acquiring knowledge over time.
   - **4. education%1:04:01::**: The profession of teaching. This sense is about the occupation or career of teaching.
   - **5. education%1:07:01::**: The result of good upbringing, especially knowledge of correct social behavior. This involves the aspect of education related to social behavior and upbringing.
   - **6. education%1:14:00::**: The United States federal department that administers federal programs dealing with education. This is a specific governmental department.

4. **Relating Senses to Context**: The context is about a conference on "education," which is related to the broader system or process of educating. The discussion involves educational reform, schools, and policies related to child development, indicating that "education" here refers to the overall system or activities related to educating.

5. **Choosing the Best Sense**:
   - Sense 1 (activities of educating or instructing) fits well because it directly relates to the activities and processes involved in education, which is the focus of the discussion around educational reform and policies.
   - Sense 3 (the gradual process of acquiring knowledge) is also a plausible interpretation as it relates to the overall process of education.
   - However, the context specifically mentions a "governors' conference on education," which suggests a focus on the system, policies, or activities related to education rather than just the process of acquiring knowledge or the profession of teaching.

6. **Decision**: The most relevant sense is **1. education%1:04:00::** because it directly relates to the activities and processes involved in education, aligning with the context of educational reform and a conference on education. This corresponds to **sense_index = 1**.

Thus, the JSON response is: {"sense_index": 1}

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: announce
Target surface form: announced
Context:
There are many successful schools scattered throughout this nation, some of them in the poorest of ghettos, and they are all sending us the same message. Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas <t>announced</t> that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=announce%2:32:00:: | definition=make known; make an announcement | synonyms=denote | examples=She denoted her feelings clearly
2. sense_key=announce%2:32:02:: | definition=announce publicly or officially | synonyms=declare | examples=The President declared war
3. sense_key=announce%2:32:07:: | definition=give the names of | examples=He announced the winners of the spelling bee
4. sense_key=announce%2:32:01:: | definition=foreshadow or presage | synonyms=annunciate, harbinger, foretell, herald

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "announced" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is discussing political leaders and their statements, particularly focusing on Gov. Bill Clinton's statement at a governors' conference on education. The sentence where "announced" appears is: "Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that 'this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five.'"

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is defined as "make known; make an announcement" with a synonym "denote." However, "denote" typically means to indicate or signify something, which doesn't perfectly align with the act of announcing a policy. The example given ("She denoted her feelings clearly") also doesn't directly relate to the context of making a public announcement.

2. The second sense is "announce publicly or officially" with a synonym "declare." The example provided is "The President declared war." This sense aligns closely with the context, as Gov. Clinton is making an official statement at a conference.

3. The third sense is "give the names of" with an example of "He announced the winners of the spelling bee." This doesn't fit the context because Gov. Clinton is not listing names but rather stating a policy need.

4. The fourth sense is "foreshadow or presage" with synonyms like "annunciate, harbinger, foretell, herald." This sense implies predicting or signaling something to come, which is not the primary action described in the context.

Given the context and the definitions, the most appropriate sense is the second one: "announce publicly or officially." Gov. Clinton is making an official statement at a conference, which matches this definition.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "announced" in the given context is the second sense.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: country
Context:
There are many successful schools scattered throughout this nation, some of them in the poorest of ghettos, and they are all sending us the same message. Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this <t>country</t> needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "country" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is discussing political leaders, a governors' conference on education, and Gov. Bill Clinton's announcement that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five." The discussion revolves around a nation and its political or governmental aspects.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. A politically organized body of people under a single government.
   - Synonyms: state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic.
   - Examples: "the state has elected a new president; African nations."
   - This sense fits well with the context of Gov. Bill Clinton's statement and the discussion about political leaders and national policies.

2. The territory occupied by a nation.
   - Synonyms: state, land.
   - Examples: "he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries."
   - While this sense could potentially fit, it's more about the geographical aspect than the political or organizational one.

3. The people who live in a nation or country.
   - Synonyms: nation, land.
   - Examples: "a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation."
   - This sense is plausible because Gov. Clinton's statement could be interpreted as referring to the people or the collective entity of the nation.

4. An area outside of cities and towns.
   - Synonyms: rural area.
   - Examples: "his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country."
   - This sense doesn't fit the context because the discussion is not about rural vs. urban areas.

5. A particular geographical region of indefinite boundary.
   - Synonyms: area.
   - Examples: "it was a mountainous area; Bible country."
   - This sense is too broad and doesn't directly relate to the context of national policy or political leadership.

Given the context, the most relevant sense is related to the concept of a nation or a politically organized body of people. Both senses 1 and 3 could potentially fit, but sense 3 directly refers to "the people who live in a nation or country," which aligns with the intent behind Gov. Clinton's statement about the country's need for a policy. The statement is about the collective need or condition of the people within the nation, not just the political organization or the geographical territory.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "country" in this context is sense 3.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: need
Target surface form: needs
Context:
There are many successful schools scattered throughout this nation, some of them in the poorest of ghettos, and they are all sending us the same message. Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country <t>needs</t> a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=need%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=need%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=need%2:34:01:: | definition=have or feel a need for | examples=always needing friends and money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "needs" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five."

1. The first sense is defined as "require as useful, just, or proper" with synonyms like necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve. An example given is "success usually requires hard work." This sense implies that something is necessary or required for a particular purpose or situation. The context of the sentence suggests that a comprehensive child-development policy is being advocated as necessary for the country.

2. The second sense is "have need of" with synonyms want and require. The example is "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner." This sense indicates a lack or requirement of something.

3. The third sense is "have or feel a need for." The example given is "always needing friends and money." This implies a personal or emotional need.

In the given context, Gov. Bill Clinton is suggesting that the country requires or necessitates a comprehensive child-development policy. The tone is not about the country feeling a personal or emotional need but rather about what is necessary or required for the country's benefit regarding children under five.

Both the first and second senses seem plausible because they both relate to the idea of requiring or needing something. However, the first sense ("require as useful, just, or proper") is more about the necessity or requirement based on certain criteria or purposes, which fits well with the context of advocating for a policy.

The second sense ("have need of") is also a strong candidate because it directly relates to the idea of needing something, and "needs" is a synonym of "require" in this context.

Upon closer inspection, "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy" aligns more closely with the idea of requiring something as necessary or proper (Sense 1), as it implies that such a policy is necessary or justified for the country's benefit.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "needs" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: policy
Target surface form: policy
Context:
There are many successful schools scattered throughout this nation, some of them in the poorest of ghettos, and they are all sending us the same message. Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development <t>policy</t> for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=policy%1:09:00:: | definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. sense_key=policy%1:10:00:: | definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. sense_key=policy%1:10:02:: | definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "policy" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context discusses educational reform and the need for a comprehensive approach to child development, with a specific mention of Gov. Bill Clinton announcing the need for a "comprehensive child-development policy for children under five." The tone is critical of political leaders for not taking more decisive or meaningful action.

1. The first candidate sense defines "policy" as "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group." The example given is "it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies." This sense aligns with the context, as Gov. Clinton's announcement refers to a proposed plan of action regarding child development.

2. The second candidate sense defines "policy" as "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government." The example is "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation." While this could relate to government actions, the context provided focuses more on the proposal of a specific plan rather than debating the rationale behind a government's course of action.

3. The third candidate sense defines "policy" as a "written contract or certificate of insurance," with synonyms being "insurance policy" and "insurance." The example is "you should have read the small print on your policy." This sense is unrelated to the context, as there is no mention of insurance or a contract.

Given the context, the use of "policy" refers to a proposed plan of action for child development, which aligns with the first candidate sense. The sentence structure and the surrounding discussion imply that "policy" here refers to a course of action or a set of principles guiding actions related to child development.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "policy" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
There are many successful schools scattered throughout this nation, some of them in the poorest of ghettos, and they are all sending us the same message. Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for <t>children</t> under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: development
Target surface form: development
Context:
Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive <t>development</t> policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=development%1:04:01:: | definition=act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining | examples=he congratulated them on their development of a plan to meet the emergency; they funded research and development
2. sense_key=development%1:22:02:: | definition=a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage) | synonyms=evolution | examples=the development of his ideas took many years; the evolution of Greek civilization
3. sense_key=development%1:22:01:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growth, growing, maturation, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
4. sense_key=development%1:11:01:: | definition=a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation | examples=recent developments in Iraq; what a revolting development!
5. sense_key=development%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful | synonyms=exploitation | examples=the development of Alaskan resources; the exploitation of copper deposits
6. sense_key=development%1:15:00:: | definition=a district that has been developed to serve some purpose | examples=such land is practical for small park developments
7. sense_key=development%1:26:00:: | definition=a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess) | examples=after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter; in chess your should take care of your development before moving your queen
8. sense_key=development%1:22:00:: | definition=processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible | synonyms=developing | examples=the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours
9. sense_key=development%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes are developed and elaborated

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "development" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The context is: "Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that 'this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five.' 'A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need.' What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years."

Here, Gov. Clinton is talking about a policy related to children under five, referred to as "child-development policy." The term "development" is used in the context of children and their growth or improvement, particularly in relation to educational or care policies.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **Act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining**: This sense is relevant in many contexts but is more about general improvement or expansion rather than specifically about children or growth.

2. **A process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage**: This is a broad definition that could apply, as it mentions something passing to a different stage, which could relate to child development.

3. **(Biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically**: This directly relates to the growth or development of an organism, which fits well with "child development."

4. **A recent event that has some relevance for the present situation**: This doesn't directly relate to the context of child growth or policy.

5. **The act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful**: This is more related to land or resource development, not directly relevant here.

6. **A district that has been developed to serve some purpose**: This refers to a physical area or zone, not relevant to the context.

7. **A state in which things are improving**: While this could be related, it's more general and not directly tied to the concept of child growth.

8. **Processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible**: This is unrelated to the context.

9. **(Music) the section of a composition or movement where the major musical themes are developed and elaborated**: This is specific to music and not relevant.

Given the context, the term "child-development policy" directly relates to the growth, care, and improvement of children. The most relevant definition is **"(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level"** which corresponds to sense index 3.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: policy
Target surface form: policy
Context:
Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development <t>policy</t> for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=policy%1:09:00:: | definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. sense_key=policy%1:10:00:: | definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. sense_key=policy%1:10:02:: | definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "policy" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context discusses educational reform and a political leader, Gov. Bill Clinton, advocating for a "comprehensive child-development policy for children under five." The discussion revolves around political action and decision-making regarding education.

1. The first candidate sense defines "policy" as "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group." The example given is "it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies." This sense aligns with the context, as Gov. Clinton is proposing a plan of action (a comprehensive child-development policy) for a social group (children under five).

2. The second candidate sense defines "policy" as "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government." The example provided is "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation." While this sense is related to government action, it leans more towards the rationale or argument behind a course of action rather than the plan itself.

3. The third candidate sense defines "policy" as a "written contract or certificate of insurance," with synonyms being "insurance policy" and "insurance." The example is "you should have read the small print on your policy." This sense is clearly unrelated to the context, as the discussion is about educational reform and not insurance.

Given the context, the most appropriate sense is the first one, as it directly relates to a plan of action adopted by a social group or individual (in this case, Gov. Clinton proposing a comprehensive child-development policy).

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "policy" in the given context is the first sense.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: governor
Target surface form: governors
Context:
Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for <t>governors</t> over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=governor%1:18:00:: | definition=the head of a state government
2. sense_key=governor%1:06:00:: | definition=a control that maintains a steady speed in a machine (as by controlling the supply of fuel) | synonyms=regulator

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "governors" in the given context, let's analyze the information provided.

The context discusses political leaders and their statements regarding educational reform, specifically mentioning a "governors' conference on education" and referencing "Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas." This establishes that the term "governors" refers to high-ranking officials in state governments.

The two candidate senses provided are:
1. The head of a state government.
2. A control that maintains a steady speed in a machine.

The context clearly supports the first sense, as it talks about political leaders and a conference involving governors, with a specific mention of Gov. Bill Clinton. This aligns with the definition of "the head of a state government."

The second sense, related to a mechanical control device, does not fit the context as the discussion is about political figures and educational policy, not machinery or mechanical devices.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "governors" in this context is the one corresponding to "the head of a state government," which is sense 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seem
Target surface form: seem
Context:
Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would <t>seem</t> to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seem%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, appear | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=seem%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=appear | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
3. sense_key=seem%2:42:00:: | definition=appear to exist | examples=There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now
4. sense_key=seem%2:39:02:: | definition=appear to one's own mind or opinion | examples=I seem to be misunderstood by everyone; I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "seem" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need."

1. The first sense is defined as "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" with synonyms "look, appear". The example given is "She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem". This sense is about giving an impression based on appearance or outward aspect.

2. The second sense is "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" with the synonym "appear". Examples include "It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad". This involves an impression of truth or probability.

3. The third sense is "appear to exist" with the example "There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now". This is about the apparent existence or non-existence of something.

4. The fourth sense is "appear to one's own mind or opinion" with examples "I seem to be misunderstood by everyone; I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters". This involves a personal or subjective impression.

The sentence in question is using "seem" to express an opinion or viewpoint about the relative priority of a "comprehensive development policy for governors over 30" compared to the policy for children under five advocated by Gov. Clinton. The use here is more about giving an impression or expressing an opinion that something is the case or is true.

The closest match is the first sense, as it involves giving a certain impression or having a certain outward aspect, and it fits the structure and usage in the sentence. The sentence is expressing that, in the speaker's view, a particular need appears to be more pressing.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "seem" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a <t>more</t> pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "more" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need."

Here, "more" is used to form the comparative of the adjective "pressing." The context is discussing the relative needs or priorities, with "more pressing" indicating a greater degree of urgency or importance.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is defined as "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs" with the synonym "to a greater extent" and examples like "more interesting; more beautiful." This sense aligns with the usage in the given sentence, where "more" is used to form the comparative of "pressing."

2. The second sense is defined as "comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent" with examples like "he works more now; they eat more than they should." This sense typically involves a comparison of quantity or degree, often related to verbs or uncountable nouns, rather than forming the comparative of an adjective.

Given the context and the definitions, "more" is used here to form the comparative of the adjective "pressing," indicating a greater degree of the quality described by "pressing." Thus, it matches the first sense provided.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "more" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: need
Target surface form: need
Context:
Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing <t>need</t>. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=need%1:26:00:: | definition=a condition requiring relief | synonyms=demand | examples=she satisfied his need for affection; God has no need of men to accomplish His work
2. sense_key=need%1:17:00:: | definition=anything that is necessary but lacking | synonyms=want | examples=he had sufficient means to meet his simple needs; I tried to supply his wants
3. sense_key=need%1:03:00:: | definition=the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior | synonyms=motivation, motive | examples=we did not understand his motivation; he acted with the best of motives
4. sense_key=need%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of extreme poverty or destitution | synonyms=indigence, penury, pauperism, pauperization | examples=their indigence appalled him; a general state of need exists among the homeless

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "need" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need."

1. The first sense defines "need" as "a condition requiring relief" with synonyms like "demand". The example given is "she satisfied his need for affection; God has no need of men to accomplish His work". This sense could potentially fit as it refers to a condition or state that necessitates something to be done or provided.

2. The second sense defines "need" as "anything that is necessary but lacking" with a synonym "want". Examples include "he had sufficient means to meet his simple needs; I tried to supply his wants". This definition aligns closely with the context, as "need" here refers to something that is necessary or required.

3. The third sense relates to "motivation" or "motive", defining it as "the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal". The examples are "we did not understand his motivation; he acted with the best of motives". This doesn't directly fit the context, as "need" here is not directly related to a psychological drive or reason for action.

4. The fourth sense defines "need" as "a state of extreme poverty or destitution" with synonyms like "indigence" and "penury". Examples given are "their indigence appalled him; a general state of need exists among the homeless". This sense doesn't fit the context as the discussion is about a policy need, not a state of poverty.

Given the context, "need" is used to signify something that is necessary or required, in this case, a "comprehensive development policy for governors over 30". The usage aligns with the second sense, which defines "need" as something necessary but lacking.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "need" in the given context is the second sense.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extend
Target surface form: extending
Context:
We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is <t>extending</t> the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extend%2:30:01:: | definition=extend in scope or range or area | synonyms=widen, broaden | examples=The law was extended to all citizens; widen the range of applications
2. sense_key=extend%2:42:03:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=run, go, pass, lead | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
3. sense_key=extend%2:42:01:: | definition=span an interval of distance, space or time | synonyms=cover, continue | examples=The war extended over five years; The period covered the turn of the century
4. sense_key=extend%2:40:05:: | definition=make available; provide | synonyms=offer | examples=extend a loan; The bank offers a good deal on new mortgages
5. sense_key=extend%2:29:01:: | definition=thrust or extend out | synonyms=exsert, stretch out, put out, hold out, stretch forth | examples=He held out his hand; point a finger
6. sense_key=extend%2:42:02:: | definition=reach outward in space | synonyms=poke out, reach out | examples=The awning extends several feet over the sidewalk
7. sense_key=extend%2:40:04:: | definition=offer verbally | synonyms=offer | examples=extend my greetings; He offered his sympathy
8. sense_key=extend%2:29:00:: | definition=extend one's limbs or muscles, or the entire body | synonyms=stretch | examples=Stretch your legs!; Extend your right arm above your head
9. sense_key=extend%2:30:09:: | definition=expand the influence of | synonyms=expand | examples=The King extended his rule to the Eastern part of the continent
10. sense_key=extend%2:30:02:: | definition=lengthen in time; cause to be or last longer | synonyms=prolong, protract, draw out | examples=We prolonged our stay; She extended her visit by another day
11. sense_key=extend%2:38:10:: | definition=extend or stretch out to a greater or the full length | synonyms=unfold, stretch, stretch out | examples=Unfold the newspaper; stretch out that piece of cloth
12. sense_key=extend%2:38:14:: | definition=cause to move at full gallop | synonyms=gallop | examples=Did you gallop the horse just now?
13. sense_key=extend%2:35:10:: | definition=open or straighten out; unbend | examples=Can we extend the legs of this dining table?
14. sense_key=extend%2:34:00:: | definition=use to the utmost; exert vigorously or to full capacity | synonyms=strain | examples=He really extended himself when he climbed Kilimanjaro; Don't strain your mind too much
15. sense_key=extend%2:30:15:: | definition=prolong the time allowed for payment of | examples=extend the loan
16. sense_key=extend%2:30:06:: | definition=continue or extend | synonyms=carry | examples=The civil war carried into the neighboring province; The disease extended into the remote mountain provinces
17. sense_key=extend%2:30:12:: | definition=increase in quantity or bulk by adding a cheaper substance | synonyms=stretch | examples=stretch the soup by adding some more cream; extend the casserole with a little rice

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "extending" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years."

Here, "extending" is used in the context of expanding or broadening the scope of the educational system to include pre-kindergarten years.

Let's examine the relevant candidate senses:

1. The first sense is "extend in scope or range or area" with examples like "The law was extended to all citizens; widen the range of applications." This sense aligns well with the context, as extending the educational system down to pre-kindergarten years involves broadening its scope or range.

2. Other senses relate to physical extension, stretching, offering something, or prolonging time, which don't directly fit the context of broadening the educational system's scope.

Given the context and the examples provided for the candidate senses, the most appropriate sense is the one that involves extending or broadening the scope or range of something.

The best match is sense_index: 1, as it corresponds to "extend in scope or range or area," which is the closest to the usage in the given sentence.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the <t>educational</t> system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "educational" in the given context, let's analyze the information provided.

The context discusses the extension of the educational system to pre-kindergarten years and distinguishes between a "child-care program" and an "educational program." The use of "educational" here relates to the process of education, as opposed to merely providing care.

The two candidate senses are:
1. Relating to the process of education.
2. Providing knowledge.

The first sense is directly related to the process of education, which aligns with the discussion about extending the educational system and the distinction made between educational and child-care programs. The example given, "educational psychology," further supports this sense as it is a field related to the process of education.

The second sense, while related to education, focuses on the aspect of providing knowledge, as illustrated by "an educational film."

Given the context, the discussion revolves around the structure and scope of the education system rather than the quality of being instructive or providing knowledge. Therefore, the most appropriate sense is the one that relates to the process of education.

The best indexed sense for "educational" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: system
Target surface form: system
Context:
We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational <t>system</t> down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=system%1:06:00:: | definition=instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity | examples=he bought a new stereo system; the system consists of a motor and a small computer
2. sense_key=system%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole | synonyms=scheme | examples=a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going
3. sense_key=system%1:27:00:: | definition=(physical chemistry) a sample of matter in which substances in different phases are in equilibrium | examples=in a static system oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface; a system generating hydrogen peroxide
4. sense_key=system%1:09:00:: | definition=a complex of methods or rules governing behavior | synonyms=system of rules | examples=they have to operate under a system they oppose; that language has a complex system for indicating gender
5. sense_key=system%1:09:02:: | definition=an organized structure for arranging or classifying | synonyms=arrangement, organization, organisation | examples=he changed the arrangement of the topics; the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original
6. sense_key=system%1:08:00:: | definition=a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts | examples=the body has a system of organs for digestion
7. sense_key=system%1:09:01:: | definition=a procedure or process for obtaining an objective | examples=they had to devise a system that did not depend on cooperation
8. sense_key=system%1:08:01:: | definition=the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a unified whole | examples=exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system
9. sense_key=system%1:07:00:: | definition=an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being methodical and well organized | synonyms=organization, organisation | examples=his compulsive organization was not an endearing quality; we can't do it unless we establish some system around here

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "system" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is discussing Gov. Bill Clinton's proposal to extend the educational system to pre-kindergarten years, implying a discussion about the structure or organization of education.

1. The first sense refers to "instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity" (e.g., a stereo system). This doesn't directly relate to education or a social structure.

2. The second sense is "a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole" (e.g., a system of production and distribution). This could potentially apply to an educational context as it involves interrelated elements.

3. The third sense pertains to physical chemistry and is not relevant to the context.

4. The fourth sense is "a complex of methods or rules governing behavior." While this could relate to an educational context, it's more about the rules or methods rather than the structure.

5. The fifth sense, "an organized structure for arranging or classifying," is relevant as it talks about organization, which is a key aspect of an educational system.

6. The sixth sense refers to "a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts," which is not relevant to the educational context.

7. The seventh sense is "a procedure or process for obtaining an objective." This could be related but is more about a method or process rather than the overall structure.

8. The eighth sense refers to "the living body considered as made up of interdependent components," not relevant to the context.

9. The ninth sense is "an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being methodical and well organized." While related to organization, it's more about the quality of being organized rather than a structure or system itself.

Given the context, the most relevant sense is the second one: "a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole." The discussion is about extending the educational structure or organization to include pre-kindergarten years, which fits with the idea of interrelated elements (educational institutions, policies, etc.) forming a unified whole (the educational system).

Thus, the best indexed sense for "system" in this context is the second sense.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: desirable
Target surface form: desirable
Context:
In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether <t>desirable</t> or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=desirable%3:00:00:: | definition=worth having or seeking or achieving | examples=a desirable job; computer with many desirable features
2. sense_key=desirable%5:00:00:eligible:00 | definition=worthy of being chosen especially as a spouse | synonyms=suitable, worthy | examples=the parents found the girl suitable for their son

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "desirable" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context discusses whether extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years is a good idea, questioning if it's an educational or a child-care program. The word "desirable" is used in the sentence "Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program." Here, "desirable" pertains to whether the action (extending the educational system) is worth doing or achieving.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is defined as "worth having or seeking or achieving" with examples like "a desirable job" and "computer with many desirable features." This sense aligns with the context where "desirable" refers to whether the proposed action is worth doing or achieving.

2. The second sense is related to being "worthy of being chosen especially as a spouse" with synonyms like "suitable" and "worthy." The examples given are about finding someone suitable for marriage. This sense does not fit the context as "desirable" is not referring to someone being a suitable spouse.

Given the context and the definitions, the use of "desirable" in the sentence is about whether the action of extending the educational system is worth doing or achieving, not about someone being a suitable spouse. Therefore, the first sense is the most appropriate.

The best indexed sense for "desirable" in the given context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care <t>program</t>, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "program" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context discusses Gov. Bill Clinton's proposal for extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years, referring to it as a "child-care program, not an educational program." The discussion revolves around a policy or plan for childcare.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. A series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished.
2. A system of projects or services intended to meet a public need.
3. A radio or television show.
4. A document stating the aims and principles of a political party.
5. An announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event.
6. An integrated course of academic studies.
7. A sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute.
8. A performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation.

The context is about a policy or plan related to childcare and education, which aligns with the idea of a "system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" or "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished."

Between these, the term "program" is used to refer to a specific initiative or policy for childcare, which is more closely related to sense 2, as it involves a system of projects or services (in this case, childcare services) intended to meet a public need.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "program" in this context is sense 2.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an <t>educational</t> program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "educational" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses the extension of the educational system to pre-kindergarten years and differentiates between a "child-care program" and an "educational program." The context revolves around the concept of education and its processes.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The word "educational" is used to describe a "program." The distinction made in the passage suggests that an "educational program" is different from a "child-care program," implying that "educational" refers to a program focused on education.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "relating to the process of education" with an example of "educational psychology." This sense directly pertains to the process or system of education.
   - **Sense 2**: "providing knowledge" with an example of "an educational film." This sense focuses on the aspect of imparting or providing knowledge.

4. **Applying Context to Candidate Senses**:
   - The passage is discussing the extension of the educational system and differentiating between types of programs based on their focus (education vs. care). Thus, the use of "educational" here is closely related to the process or system of education rather than just providing knowledge.
   - The first sense ("relating to the process of education") aligns well with this context as it directly relates to the educational system or process.

5. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - Given that the discussion is centered around the educational system and its extension, **Sense 1** ("relating to the process of education") is the most appropriate choice. It directly relates to the context of educational programs and systems.

6. **Returning the Answer in the Required Format**:
   - The first sense is indexed as "1". Therefore, the answer should be returned as a JSON object indicating the chosen sense index.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational <t>program</t>. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "program" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context discusses Gov. Bill Clinton's proposal to extend the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years, referring to it as a "child-care program, not an educational program." The discussion revolves around the concept of a structured plan or system for a specific purpose, in this case, either childcare or education.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. A series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished.
2. A system of projects or services intended to meet a public need.
3. A radio or television show.
4. A document stating the aims and principles of a political party.
5. An announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event.
6. An integrated course of academic studies.
7. A sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute.
8. A performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation.

The context suggests that "program" refers to a structured plan or system for childcare or education. Both instances of "program" in the context relate to a planned set of actions or services aimed at meeting a public or social need, specifically in the domain of childcare or education.

Sense 1 refers to a "series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished," which is somewhat relevant but doesn't fully capture the scope of services or the systemic nature implied in the context.

Sense 2, "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need," closely aligns with the context. The discussion around extending the educational system and the distinction between a "child-care program" and an "educational program" fits well with this definition. It implies a structured set of services or initiatives aimed at addressing a public need, in this case, childcare or early education.

Senses 3, 5, and 8 are related to performances, events, or broadcasts, which are not relevant to the context.

Sense 4 refers to a political party's platform, which is not directly relevant to the discussion about educational or childcare initiatives.

Sense 6, "an integrated course of academic studies," could be considered relevant in the context of an "educational program," but it doesn't fully encompass the broader implications of a "child-care program."

Sense 7 is related to computer science, which is not relevant to the given context.

Given the context and the definitions, Sense 2 is the most appropriate as it accurately describes a "child-care program" or an "educational program" as a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We <t>know</t> that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "know" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The context is discussing Gov. Clinton's proposal for a comprehensive child-development policy and the distinction between a child-care program and an educational program. The sentence containing "know" is: "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."

Here, "know" is used to indicate that the speaker is aware of a specific fact or piece of information regarding the effect of early schooling on performance in the first grade.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about** - This matches the usage in the sentence, as it discusses being aware of the fact that early exposure to schooling improves first-grade performance.

2. **know how to do or perform something** - This doesn't fit because the sentence is not discussing the ability to perform a task.

3. **be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt** - While this could potentially fit, it's more about believing in something as a truth rather than knowing a fact.

4. **be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object** - This doesn't apply as the sentence is discussing knowledge of a fact, not acquaintance with a person or object.

5. **have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations** - The sentence doesn't imply firsthand experience of a state or emotion.

6. **accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority** - This is not relevant to the context.

7. **have fixed in the mind** - This could relate to knowing facts, but it's more about memorization or knowledge of a subject.

8. **have sexual intercourse with** - This is not relevant to the context.

9. **know the nature or character of** - While related to understanding, it's more about understanding someone's character.

10. **be able to distinguish, recognize as being different** - The sentence is not about distinguishing between things.

11. **perceive as familiar** - This doesn't fit the context.

Given the context and the examples provided for the candidate senses, the best fit is sense 1, as it directly relates to being aware of a fact or piece of information.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: very
Target surface form: very
Context:
They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that <t>very</t> early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=very%4:02:00:: | definition=used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal | synonyms=really, real, rattling | examples=she was very gifted; he played very well
2. sense_key=very%4:02:01:: | definition=precisely so | examples=on the very next page; he expected the very opposite

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "very" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information.

The context discusses the topic of education and child development, mentioning Gov. Bill Clinton's advocacy for extending the educational system to pre-kindergarten years. The sentence containing "very" states, "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."

The two candidate senses for "very" are:
1. Used as intensifiers; with the definition being "used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal" and synonyms including "really," "real," and "rattling." An example given is "she was very gifted."
2. Precisely so; with the example "on the very next page; he expected the very opposite."

In the given sentence, "very" is used to intensify the adjective "early," indicating a high degree of earliness in exposure to schooling. This usage aligns with the first sense, where "very" is used as an intensifier. The synonym "really" could also fit in this context ("really early exposure"), which further supports this interpretation.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "very" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}