[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: positive
Target surface form: positive
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a <t>positive</t> function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=positive%3:00:01:: | definition=characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc. | examples=a positive attitude; the reviews were all positive
2. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:certain:02 | definition=persuaded of; very sure | synonyms=convinced, confident | examples=were convinced that it would be to their advantage to join; I am positive he is lying
3. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=involving advantage or good | synonyms=plus | examples=a plus (or positive) factor
4. sense_key=positive%3:00:04:: | definition=indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen | synonyms=confirming | examples=a positive pregnancy test
5. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:formal:01 | definition=formally laid down or imposed | synonyms=prescribed | examples=positive laws
6. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:undeniable:00 | definition=impossible to deny or disprove | synonyms=incontrovertible, irrefutable | examples=incontrovertible proof of the defendant's innocence; proof positive
7. sense_key=positive%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to positivism | synonyms=positivist, positivistic | examples=positivist thinkers; positivist doctrine
8. sense_key=positive%3:00:05:: | definition=reckoned, situated or tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress or onward motion | examples=positive increase in graduating students
9. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:plus:00 | definition=greater than zero | examples=positive numbers
10. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:charged:00 | definition=having a positive charge | synonyms=electropositive, positively charged | examples=protons are positive
11. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:confident:00 | definition=marked by excessive confidence | synonyms=cocksure, overconfident | examples=an arrogant and cocksure materialist; so overconfident and impudent as to speak to the queen

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "positive" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "...the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state..."

Here, "positive function" is a term used in a mathematical or statistical context, indicating a direct relationship between two variables. In this case, it means that as the tax burden increases, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates also increases.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. Characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc. - This doesn't directly relate to the mathematical context.
2. Persuaded of; very sure - Not relevant to the context.
3. Involving advantage or good - While "positive" can imply something good, this sense doesn't directly apply to the mathematical context of a "positive function."
4. Indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen - Not relevant.
5. Formally laid down or imposed - Not applicable.
6. Impossible to deny or disprove - Not directly relevant.
7. Of or relating to positivism - Not relevant to the context.
8. Reckoned, situated or tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress or onward motion - This sense is somewhat related as it implies a direction or trend, but it's not the most directly applicable.
9. Greater than zero - This is the most relevant sense because in mathematics, a "positive function" refers to a function that is greater than zero or has a positive correlation with another variable.
10. Having a positive charge - Not relevant to the context.
11. Marked by excessive confidence - Not relevant.

Given the context, the term "positive function" is used to indicate a direct or positive relationship between variables, which aligns with the concept of something being "greater than zero" in a broad sense, or more specifically, indicating a positive correlation.

The best answer is {"sense_index": 9}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: function
Target surface form: function
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive <t>function</t> of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=function%1:24:00:: | definition=(mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function) | synonyms=mathematical function, single-valued function, map, mapping
2. sense_key=function%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=purpose, role, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
3. sense_key=function%1:04:00:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=office, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. sense_key=function%1:24:01:: | definition=a relation such that one thing is dependent on another | examples=height is a function of age; price is a function of supply and demand
5. sense_key=function%1:14:00:: | definition=a formal or official social gathering or ceremony | examples=it was a black-tie function
6. sense_key=function%1:11:00:: | definition=a vaguely specified social event | synonyms=affair, occasion, social occasion, social function | examples=the party was quite an affair; an occasion arranged to honor the president
7. sense_key=function%1:10:00:: | definition=a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program | synonyms=routine, subroutine, subprogram, procedure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "function" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "...the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state..."

Here, "function" is used to describe a relationship between two variables: the difference in popular votes and the federal government's tax burden per state. The context implies that as one variable changes (the tax burden), the other variable (the difference in popular votes) changes in a related manner.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **mathematical function**: Refers to a mathematical relation where each element of a given set is associated with an element of another set. While this is a precise definition, the context doesn't strictly imply a mathematical formula but rather a dependency or relation.

2. **what something is used for**: Refers to the purpose or use of something. This doesn't fit the context as "function" here doesn't describe the purpose of something.

3. **actions and activities assigned to or required of a person or group**: Refers to roles or responsibilities. This doesn't fit the context as it discusses a relationship between variables, not roles or responsibilities.

4. **a relation such that one thing is dependent on another**: This directly relates to the context, as it describes a dependency between variables. The examples given ("height is a function of age; price is a function of supply and demand") illustrate this sense, showing a relationship where one variable's value depends on another's.

5. **a formal or official social gathering or ceremony**: This doesn't fit the context as the sentence discusses a statistical or relational concept, not a social event.

6. **a vaguely specified social event**: Similar to sense 5, this doesn't fit as the context is not about a social event.

7. **a set sequence of steps, part of a larger computer program**: This refers to a programming concept and doesn't fit the context as there's no discussion of computer programming.

Given the context and the candidate senses, the best fit is sense 4, as it describes a relation where one thing (the difference in popular votes) is dependent on another (the federal government's tax burden per state).

{"sense_index": 4}

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax <t>burden</t> is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "burden" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context discusses the relationship between the federal government's tax burden per state and the difference in popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates. The sentence specifically mentions "how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state."

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense defines "burden" as "an onerous or difficult concern" with synonyms like "load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus." The example given is "the burden of responsibility." This sense aligns with the context because "tax burden" can be understood as an onerous or difficult financial concern imposed by the government.

2. The second sense defines "burden" as "weight to be borne or conveyed," with synonyms like "load, loading." While this could potentially fit in a literal or more general sense, the context specifically refers to a "tax burden," which is more about the financial strain or obligation rather than a physical weight.

3. and 4. The third and fourth senses relate to the central meaning or theme of a speech, literary work, or document. These senses do not fit the context as the discussion is about the financial burden imposed by taxes, not the central idea of a document or discourse.

Given the context, the use of "burden" refers to the financial strain or obligation imposed by the federal government's taxes. The first sense ("an onerous or difficult concern") is the most appropriate as it aligns with understanding "tax burden" as a significant financial concern or strain.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "burden" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: state
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per <t>state</t> -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: progressive
Target surface form: progressive
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a <t>progressive</t> tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=progressive%3:00:01:: | definition=favoring or promoting progress | examples=progressive schools
2. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:liberal:00 | definition=favoring or promoting reform (often by government action) | synonyms=reformist, reform-minded
3. sense_key=progressive%3:00:02:: | definition=(of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases
4. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:increasing:00 | definition=gradually advancing in extent
5. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:ordered:00 | definition=(of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections for which the participants successively change place or relative position | examples=progressive euchre; progressive tournaments
6. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:active:02 | definition=advancing in severity | examples=progressive paralysis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "progressive" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence where "progressive" is used is: "...a progressive tax rate hits higher-income states harder..."

1. The first sense refers to favoring or promoting progress, often related to educational or social contexts (e.g., "progressive schools"). This doesn't directly relate to the taxation context.

2. The second sense is about favoring or promoting reform, often through government action. While this involves government action, it doesn't directly relate to the taxation context or the specific characteristic of a tax rate.

3. The third sense specifically mentions that the tax rate is adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases. This directly relates to the context provided, where it's mentioned that "a progressive tax rate hits higher-income states harder."

4. The fourth sense refers to something gradually advancing in extent. While this could be related to various contexts, it's too broad and doesn't directly relate to the taxation context.

5. The fifth sense is related to card games or dances where participants change places or relative positions successively. This is unrelated to the taxation context.

6. The sixth sense refers to a condition advancing in severity. This is also unrelated to the taxation context.

Given the context, the use of "progressive" directly relates to the taxation system, specifically describing a tax rate that increases as income increases. This matches the third sense: "(of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases."

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "progressive" in the given context is the third sense.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hit
Target surface form: hits
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate <t>hits</t> higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hit%2:35:03:: | definition=cause to move by striking | examples=hit a ball
2. sense_key=hit%2:35:01:: | definition=hit against; come into sudden contact with | synonyms=strike, impinge on, run into, collide with | examples=The car hit a tree; He struck the table with his elbow
3. sense_key=hit%2:35:00:: | definition=deal a blow to, either with the hand or with an instrument | examples=He hit her hard in the face
4. sense_key=hit%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, make, attain, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
5. sense_key=hit%2:35:05:: | definition=affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely | synonyms=strike | examples=We were hit by really bad weather; He was stricken with cancer when he was still a teenager
6. sense_key=hit%2:33:01:: | definition=hit with a missile from a weapon | synonyms=shoot, pip
7. sense_key=hit%2:40:05:: | definition=encounter by chance | synonyms=stumble | examples=I stumbled across a long-lost cousin last night in a restaurant
8. sense_key=hit%2:33:02:: | definition=gain points in a game | synonyms=score, tally, rack up | examples=The home team scored many times; He hit a home run
9. sense_key=hit%2:39:00:: | definition=cause to experience suddenly | synonyms=strike, come to | examples=Panic struck me; An interesting idea hit her
10. sense_key=hit%2:33:00:: | definition=make a strategic, offensive, assault against an enemy, opponent, or a target | synonyms=strike | examples=The Germans struck Poland on Sept. 1, 1939; We must strike the enemy's oil fields
11. sense_key=hit%2:41:00:: | definition=kill intentionally and with premeditation | synonyms=murder, slay, dispatch, bump off, off, polish off | examples=The mafia boss ordered his enemies murdered
12. sense_key=hit%2:38:02:: | definition=drive something violently into a location | synonyms=strike | examples=he hit his fist on the table; she struck her head on the low ceiling
13. sense_key=hit%2:38:07:: | definition=reach a point in time, or a certain state or level | synonyms=reach, attain | examples=The thermometer hit 100 degrees; This car can reach a speed of 140 miles per hour
14. sense_key=hit%2:35:02:: | definition=produce by manipulating keys or strings of musical instruments, also metaphorically | synonyms=strike | examples=The pianist strikes a middle C; strike `z' on the keyboard
15. sense_key=hit%2:34:00:: | definition=consume to excess | examples=hit the bottle
16. sense_key=hit%2:33:03:: | definition=hit the intended target or goal
17. sense_key=hit%2:32:12:: | definition=pay unsolicited and usually unwanted sexual attention to | examples=He tries to hit on women in bars

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "hits" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-."

The word "hits" is used in the context of a progressive tax rate affecting higher-income states. The relevant part of the sentence is "a progressive tax rate hits higher-income states harder."

Let's consider the candidate senses:

1. cause to move by striking - Not relevant as there's no physical movement or striking involved.
2. hit against; come into sudden contact with - Not directly relevant as it implies a physical collision.
3. deal a blow to, either with the hand or with an instrument - Not directly relevant as it implies physical action.
4. reach a destination, either real or abstract - Possible, but not the best fit.
5. affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely - This sense fits well as it implies that the progressive tax rate has a negative impact on higher-income states.
6. hit with a missile from a weapon - Not relevant as it involves a weapon.
7. encounter by chance - Not relevant as "hits" is used to describe the effect of a tax rate, not an encounter.
8. gain points in a game - Not relevant as the context is not about a game.
9. cause to experience suddenly - This is a plausible sense as it involves causing an experience, but "affect or afflict suddenly" is more specific to the context.
10. make a strategic, offensive, assault against an enemy, opponent, or a target - Not relevant as it implies a military or competitive context.
11. kill intentionally and with premeditation - Not relevant as it involves murder.
12. drive something violently into a location - Not relevant as it implies physical force.
13. reach a point in time, or a certain state or level - Possible, but not the best fit.
14. produce by manipulating keys or strings of musical instruments - Not relevant as it involves music.
15. consume to excess - Not relevant as the context is about tax rates, not consumption.
16. hit the intended target or goal - Not directly relevant.
17. pay unsolicited and usually unwanted sexual attention to - Not relevant as it involves a completely different context.

The most appropriate sense is "affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely" (sense_index: 5), as it accurately describes how a progressive tax rate negatively impacts higher-income states.

{"sense_index": 5}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: high
Target surface form: higher
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits <t>higher</t> - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=high%3:00:02:: | definition=greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount | examples=a high temperature; a high price
2. sense_key=high%3:00:01:: | definition=(literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like `knee-high') | examples=a high mountain; high ceilings
3. sense_key=high%5:00:00:superior:01 | definition=standing above others in quality or position | synonyms=eminent | examples=people in high places; the high priest
4. sense_key=high%3:00:03:: | definition=used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency | synonyms=high-pitched
5. sense_key=high%5:00:00:elated:00 | definition=happy and excited and energetic | synonyms=in high spirits
6. sense_key=high%5:00:00:malodorous:00 | definition=(used of the smell of meat) smelling spoiled or tainted | synonyms=gamey, gamy
7. sense_key=high%5:00:00:intoxicated:00 | definition=slightly and pleasantly intoxicated from alcohol or a drug (especially marijuana) | synonyms=mellow

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "higher" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "...a progressive tax rate hits higher-income states harder..."

Here, "higher" is used to describe "income states," indicating that the states with greater income are hit harder by a progressive tax rate.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. Greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount. This sense fits because "higher-income" implies a greater amount of income.
2. Being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension. This sense is literal and spatial, not applicable to the context of income levels.
3. Standing above others in quality or position. While this could imply a comparison, it's more about quality or position rather than quantity.
4. Used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency. This is unrelated to the context.
5. Happy and excited and energetic. This sense is also unrelated.
6. Smelling spoiled or tainted. Not relevant.
7. Slightly and pleasantly intoxicated from alcohol or a drug. Not relevant.

The context clearly indicates that "higher" is being used to describe a greater amount or level of income, which aligns with the first candidate sense: "greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount." This is about comparing the degree or amount of income.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "higher" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: states
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income <t>states</t> harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: put
Target surface form: Put
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. <t>Put</t> more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=put%2:35:00:: | definition=put into a certain place or abstract location | synonyms=set, place, pose, position, lay | examples=Put your things here; Set the tray down
2. sense_key=put%2:35:05:: | definition=cause to be in a certain state; cause to be in a certain relation | examples=That song put me in awful good humor; put your ideas in writing
3. sense_key=put%2:32:00:: | definition=formulate in a particular style or language | synonyms=frame, redact, cast, couch | examples=I wouldn't put it that way; She cast her request in very polite language
4. sense_key=put%2:34:00:: | definition=attribute or give | synonyms=assign | examples=She put too much emphasis on her the last statement; He put all his efforts into this job
5. sense_key=put%2:40:00:: | definition=make an investment | synonyms=invest, commit, place | examples=Put money into bonds
6. sense_key=put%2:31:13:: | definition=estimate | synonyms=place, set | examples=We put the time of arrival at 8 P.M.
7. sense_key=put%2:39:13:: | definition=cause (someone) to undergo something | examples=He put her to the torture
8. sense_key=put%2:36:13:: | definition=adapt | examples=put these words to music
9. sense_key=put%2:31:00:: | definition=arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events | synonyms=arrange, set up, order | examples=arrange my schedule; set up one's life

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "Put" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."

Here, "Put" is used to mean expressing something in a simpler way or rephrasing it. The context suggests that the author is about to simplify or rephrase a complex idea or statement.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense involves putting something into a certain place or abstract location. This doesn't directly relate to rephrasing or simplifying a statement.
2. The second sense involves causing something to be in a certain state or relation. While this is somewhat related, it's not directly about rephrasing.
3. The third sense is about formulating something in a particular style or language, which includes rephrasing or expressing an idea differently.
4. The other senses involve various actions like attributing, investing, estimating, causing someone to undergo something, adapting, or arranging, which don't directly fit the context of simplifying or rephrasing a statement.

The phrase "Put more simply" is a common idiomatic expression that means to rephrase or restate something in simpler terms. This matches closely with the third sense, which involves formulating something in a particular style or language, as it includes the idea of rephrasing or expressing an idea in different words.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "Put" in this context is the third sense.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP <t>candidates</t> for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "candidates" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses political dynamics, specifically comparing Democratic and Republican attendance rates in the House, staffing decisions in the Senate, and voting patterns in relation to the tax burden imposed by the federal government on different states. The term "candidates" is used in the context of Republican candidates for president and the Senate.

2. **Sense Definitions**:
   - Sense 1: A politician who is running for public office. Synonyms include "campaigner" and "nominee".
   - Sense 2: Someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.). Synonym is "prospect".

3. **Applying Definitions to Context**:
   - The passage specifically talks about "GOP candidates for president" and compares them with "Republican candidates for the Senate". This context indicates that "candidates" refers to individuals running for public office, which aligns with Sense 1.
   - The use of "campaigner" and "nominee" as synonyms for Sense 1 further supports this interpretation, as both terms are relevant to individuals running for office.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - Given that "candidates" is used to refer to individuals running for public offices (president and Senate), the most appropriate definition is Sense 1: "a politician who is running for public office".
   - The indexed sense corresponding to this definition is "1".

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "candidates" in the given context is Sense 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: president
Target surface form: president
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for <t>president</t> are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=president%1:18:01:: | definition=an executive officer of a firm or corporation
2. sense_key=president%1:18:04:: | definition=the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government | synonyms=President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive | examples=the President likes to jog every morning
3. sense_key=president%1:18:00:: | definition=the chief executive of a republic
4. sense_key=president%1:18:03:: | definition=the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization | synonyms=chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson | examples=address your remarks to the chairperson
5. sense_key=president%1:18:02:: | definition=the head administrative officer of a college or university | synonyms=prexy
6. sense_key=president%1:04:04:: | definition=the office of the United States head of state | synonyms=President of the United States, Chief Executive | examples=a President is elected every four years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "president" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context discusses various political and governmental aspects, including the House, Senate, and differences between Republican and Democratic behaviors and outcomes in elections. The specific sentence with the target word is: "GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."

1. The first candidate sense refers to "an executive officer of a firm or corporation." This doesn't fit the context, which is clearly about political offices.
2. The second sense is "the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government." This is a strong candidate because the context is discussing political elections and the U.S. government.
3. The third sense, "the chief executive of a republic," is also plausible because it refers to a head of state, which could be relevant in a political context.
4. The fourth sense refers to "the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization." This is less likely because the context is about governmental and political positions rather than organizational leadership in a broad sense.
5. The fifth sense is "the head administrative officer of a college or university," which doesn't fit the context as it is focused on government and politics, not educational institutions.
6. The sixth sense is "the office of the United States head of state." While related to the second sense, it refers to the office itself rather than the person holding it.

Given the context, the sentence is comparing candidates for "president" with candidates for the Senate. The comparison is between different political offices within the U.S. government. The term "president" here refers to the head of state of the United States.

The second and third senses both could potentially fit this context because they both relate to a head of state. However, the second sense is more specific to the United States, using synonyms like "President of the United States" and "United States President," and examples that directly relate to the U.S. President.

The best fit for the context is the second sense because it directly refers to the head of state of the United States, aligning with the discussion of U.S. political structures and elections.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: look_on
Target surface form: looked on
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are <t>looked on</t> more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=look_on%2:39:00:: | definition=observe with attention | synonyms=watch | examples=They watched as the murderer was executed
2. sense_key=look_on%2:31:00:: | definition=look on as or consider | synonyms=think of, repute, regard as, look upon, esteem, take to be | examples=she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for "looked on" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."

The context is discussing how voters perceive different Republican candidates based on certain conditions. The phrase "looked on more kindly" suggests a consideration or perception of these candidates by voters.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is defined as "observe with attention" with synonyms like "watch." The example given is "They watched as the murderer was executed." This sense implies a more active and attentive observation, which doesn't perfectly fit the context of "being looked on more kindly," as it suggests a passive reception of regard or opinion rather than an active watching.

2. The second sense is "look on as or consider" with synonyms such as "think of, repute, regard as, look upon, esteem, take to be." An example is "she looked on this affair as a joke." This sense involves considering or perceiving something in a certain way, which aligns with the context of voters having a certain perception or regard for GOP candidates for president compared to Republican Senate candidates.

Given the context and the definitions, the phrase "looked on more kindly" fits better with the second sense, as it involves voters regarding or perceiving GOP presidential candidates in a more favorable light than Republican Senate candidates under certain conditions.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "looked on" is the second one.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than <t>Republican</t> candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "Republican" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses political dynamics, specifically comparing the Democratic and Republican parties in the United States. It mentions aspects like House attendance rates, personal staff allocations, and voting patterns in relation to the Republican party.

2. **Candidate Senses Analysis**:
   - **Sense 1**: Relates to or belongs to the Republican Party. Examples given include "a Republican senator; Republican party politics." The context provided is heavily focused on the Republican Party in comparison to the Democratic Party, discussing various political and electoral aspects.
   - **Sense 2**: Relates to a form of government where the supreme power lies with the body of citizens entitled to vote. This sense is more about the political ideology or system rather than a specific party.

3. **Contextual Clues**:
   - The passage frequently mentions "Republican" in the context of the Republican Party (e.g., "Republican House attendance rate," "Republican candidates for the Senate," "GOP candidates" which stands for Grand Old Party, a nickname for the Republican Party).
   - The comparison is made with the Democratic Party, further indicating a reference to a specific political party.
   - The discussion revolves around party politics, electoral behaviors, and governmental structures, all of which are related to the Republican Party as an entity.

4. **Decision**:
   - Given the context and the examples provided in the candidate senses, the use of "Republican" clearly refers to the Republican Party, not to the concept of a republican form of government.
   - The first sense directly corresponds to this usage, relating to or belonging to the Republican Party.

5. **Conclusion**: The best indexed sense for "Republican" in the given context is the first sense.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican <t>candidates</t> for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "candidates" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses political dynamics, specifically comparing Democratic and Republican attendance rates in the House, staffing decisions in the Senate, and voting patterns in relation to the tax burden imposed by the federal government on different states. The term "candidates" is used in the context of Republican candidates for president and the Senate.

2. **Sense Definitions**:
   - Sense 1: A politician who is running for public office. Synonyms include "campaigner" and "nominee".
   - Sense 2: Someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.). Synonym is "prospect".

3. **Applying Definitions to Context**:
   - The passage specifically talks about "Republican presidential and senatorial candidates" and compares them, indicating that these individuals are running for public office. This aligns with the first sense, which defines a candidate as a politician running for public office.
   - While the second sense is broader and could technically apply since running for office implies being considered for it, the context strongly suggests that the candidates are actively campaigning.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - Given that the context is about politicians running for public office (president and Senate), the most appropriate definition is the first one: "a politician who is running for public office."
   - The first sense is indexed as "1", making it the best choice based on the context.

5. **Response Formatting**:
   - The task requires responding with a JSON object that includes the sense index.

The best indexed sense for "candidates" is the first one. Thus, the response should be formatted as follows:

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: severe
Target surface form: severe
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more <t>severe</t>. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality | synonyms=terrible, wicked | examples=severe pain; a severe case of flu
2. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:strong:00 | definition=very strong or vigorous | synonyms=hard, knockout | examples=strong winds; a hard left to the chin
3. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=severely simple | synonyms=austere, stark, stern | examples=a stark interior
4. sense_key=severe%5:00:02:nonindulgent:00 | definition=unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; - H.G.Wells | synonyms=spartan | examples=a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien
5. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:critical:03 | definition=causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm | synonyms=dangerous, grave, grievous, serious, life-threatening | examples=a dangerous operation; a grave situation
6. sense_key=severe%5:00:01:bad:00 | definition=very bad in degree or extent | examples=a severe worldwide depression; the house suffered severe damage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the word "severe" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."

Here, "severe" is used to describe a "prisoner's sentence." The context implies that the severity of the sentence affects how voters perceive Republican candidates for different offices.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **severe%5:00:00:intense:00** - intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality. While a severe sentence could be considered bad or unpleasant, this sense is somewhat generic.
2. **severe%5:00:00:strong:00** - very strong or vigorous. This doesn't directly apply to the context of a sentence being "severe."
3. **severe%5:00:00:plain:01** - severely simple. This doesn't fit the context of describing a sentence's severity.
4. **severe%5:00:02:nonindulgent:00** - unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment. While this could relate to the context of judgment (sentencing), it's more about the attitude or manner of judgment rather than the sentence itself.
5. **severe%5:00:00:critical:03** - causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm. A severe sentence could be seen as causing fear or anxiety, but this sense is more about the potential harm or danger rather than the sentence's length or harshness directly.
6. **severe%5:00:01:bad:00** - very bad in degree or extent. This is a broad sense that could apply, as a severe sentence is very harsh or long.

In the context provided, "severe" is used to describe the harshness or length of a prisoner's sentence. The most relevant sense here is related to the degree or extent of the sentence being very bad or harsh, which aligns with the idea of it being "very bad in degree or extent."

Therefore, the best sense for "severe" in this context is related to being very bad or harsh, which is captured by sense 6.

{"sense_index": 6}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: appear
Target surface form: appears
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting <t>appears</t> to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=appear%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, seem | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=appear%2:30:00:: | definition=come into sight or view | examples=He suddenly appeared at the wedding; A new star appeared on the horizon
3. sense_key=appear%2:30:01:: | definition=be issued or published | synonyms=come out | examples=Did your latest book appear yet?; The new Woody Allen film hasn't come out yet
4. sense_key=appear%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=seem | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
5. sense_key=appear%2:30:02:: | definition=come into being or existence, or appear on the scene | synonyms=come along | examples=Then the computer came along and changed our lives; Homo sapiens appeared millions of years ago
6. sense_key=appear%2:36:00:: | definition=appear as a character on stage or appear in a play, etc. | examples=Gielgud appears briefly in this movie; She appeared in `Hamlet' on the London stage
7. sense_key=appear%2:41:03:: | definition=present oneself formally, as before a (judicial) authority | examples=He had to appear in court last month; She appeared on several charges of theft

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the word "appears" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."

Here, "appears" is used to indicate that something seems to be true or is observed to be the case based on the available information. The phrase "appears to take" suggests a comparison or an observation about the pattern of ticket splitting at different levels of government.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" - This sense is plausible because "appears" can indicate how something seems.
2. "come into sight or view" - This doesn't fit well because "appears" is not describing something coming into physical view.
3. "be issued or published" - This doesn't fit the context; "appears" is not talking about something being published.
4. "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" - This sense fits well because "appears" is used to indicate that something seems to be the case.
5. "come into being or existence, or appear on the scene" - This doesn't fit; "appears" is not describing the emergence of something new.
6. "appear as a character on stage or appear in a play, etc." - This is not relevant to the context.
7. "present oneself formally, as before a (judicial) authority" - This doesn't fit; "appears" is not about presenting oneself formally.

Between senses 1 and 4, which both relate to the idea of something seeming to be a certain way, sense 4 ("seem to be true, probable, or apparent") is more appropriate. The sentence is discussing an observation or inference about the pattern of ticket splitting, suggesting that it seems to be true or apparent that ticket splitting follows a certain pattern.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "appears" in this context is sense 4.

{"sense_index": 4}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: take
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to <t>take</t> the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the <t>same</t> peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "same" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."

Here, "same" is used to describe the similarity in the pattern of ticket splitting between two different levels of government (state and federal). The context suggests that the pattern observed at the federal level is comparable or similar to the one at the state government level.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. "same in identity" - This sense implies that the thing being referred to is exactly the same, not just similar. The example given is "the same man I saw yesterday," indicating a single individual.

2. "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree" - This definition fits contexts where things are not identical but share significant similarities. The example "curtains the same color as the walls" illustrates this, showing that "same" is used to denote a similarity in quality (color).

3. "equal in amount or value" - This sense is about equivalence in quantity or value, with "like amounts" and "equivalent amounts" as examples. It suggests a comparison where two things are not just similar but are equivalent in some measurable aspect.

4. "unchanged in character or nature" - This implies that something remains consistent over time or across different situations. The example "the village stayed the same" indicates that the village did not change.

Given the context, "same" is used to indicate that the pattern of ticket splitting at the state government level is similar or comparable to the pattern at the federal level. It does not imply that it is the exact same pattern (identity), nor does it necessarily imply equality in amount or value, or that the pattern has remained unchanged.

The best fit for this usage is the second definition: "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree." This is because the sentence is highlighting a similarity between two patterns observed at different levels of government.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "same" in this context is sense index 2.

{"sense_index": 2}