[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: female
Target surface form: female
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best <t>female</t> ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=female%3:00:00:: | definition=being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop | examples=a female heir; female holly trees bear the berries
2. sense_key=female%5:00:02:feminine:01 | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to a woman | synonyms=distaff | examples=female sensitiveness; female suffrage
3. sense_key=female%5:00:01:female:00 | definition=for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls | examples=the female lead in the play; a female chorus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "female" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is about bell ringing, specifically mentioning "Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers." The focus is on Stephanie Pattenden being one of the best ringers among females.

1. The first sense is related to the biological aspect of being female, referring to the sex that produces fertilizable gametes. This sense is more related to the biological or zoological context, which doesn't directly apply to the context of bell ringing or describing a person's skill or role in it.

2. The second sense pertains to characteristics peculiar to a woman, such as sensitiveness or suffrage. While this sense is related to females, it focuses on qualities or attributes rather than simply denoting the gender.

3. The third sense is about something being for, pertaining to, or composed of women or girls. This can include roles, groups, or categories that are specifically female.

Given the context, "one of England's best female ringers" is describing Stephanie Pattenden's gender in relation to her skill or role as a ringer. The term "female" here is used to denote that she is a woman among the ringers, indicating the composition or category of ringers she belongs to.

Therefore, the most appropriate sense is the one that relates to being composed of or pertaining to women, which is the third sense.

{"sense_index": 3}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female <t>ringers</t>. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: passion
Target surface form: passion
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a <t>passion</t> that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=passion%1:12:00:: | definition=a strong feeling or emotion | synonyms=passionateness
2. sense_key=passion%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being intensely emotional | synonyms=heat, warmth
3. sense_key=passion%1:26:01:: | definition=something that is desired intensely | synonyms=rage | examples=his rage for fame destroyed him
4. sense_key=passion%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action | synonyms=mania, cacoethes
5. sense_key=passion%1:12:02:: | definition=a feeling of strong sexual desire
6. sense_key=passion%1:09:00:: | definition=any object of warm affection or devotion | synonyms=love | examples=the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting
7. sense_key=passion%1:26:02:: | definition=the suffering of Jesus at the Crucifixion | synonyms=Passion of Christ

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "passion" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is about bell ringing, specifically change ringing, and the enthusiasm or dedication that ringers have for this activity. The text quotes Dorothy L. Sayers describing ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection," and a ringer admitting that "ringing does become a bit of an obsession."

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **A strong feeling or emotion** - This is a broad definition that could apply, as the text does describe a strong feeling towards bell ringing.
2. **The trait of being intensely emotional** - While ringers are described as having a strong dedication, the text doesn't directly imply that they are intensely emotional in the general sense.
3. **Something that is desired intensely** - The example given is "his rage for fame destroyed him," which doesn't directly relate to the context of having a passion for an activity like bell ringing.
4. **An irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action** - The description of ringing becoming "a bit of an obsession" aligns with this sense, as it implies an irresistible motive.
5. **A feeling of strong sexual desire** - This sense is not relevant to the context.
6. **Any object of warm affection or devotion** - The text describes bell ringing as something ringers are devoted to, which fits this definition.
7. **The suffering of Jesus at the Crucifixion** - This sense is not relevant to the context.

Given the context, the description of bell ringing as a "passion" that is an obsession and the use of "devotion" in relation to the activity, the most fitting senses are either sense 4 (an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action) or sense 6 (any object of warm affection or devotion).

Between these, sense 6 directly relates to having a "passion for" something, which is the exact phrase used in the context ("a passion that usually stays in the tower"). The synonyms and examples for sense 6 ("love"; "the theater was her first love"; "he has a passion for cock fighting") also support this interpretation, as they illustrate having a strong affection or devotion for an activity or object.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "passion" in this context is sense 6.

{"sense_index": 6}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stay
Target surface form: stays
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually <t>stays</t> in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stay%2:30:00:: | definition=stay the same; remain in a certain state | synonyms=remain, rest | examples=The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it; rest assured
2. sense_key=stay%2:38:00:: | definition=stay put (in a certain place) | synonyms=stick, stick around, stay put | examples=We are staying in Detroit; we are not moving to Cincinnati; Stay put in the corner here!
3. sense_key=stay%2:42:01:: | definition=dwell | synonyms=bide, abide | examples=You can stay with me while you are in town; stay a bit longer--the day is still young
4. sense_key=stay%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in a place, position, or situation | synonyms=stay on, continue, remain | examples=After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please
5. sense_key=stay%2:38:01:: | definition=remain behind | examples=I had to stay at home and watch the children
6. sense_key=stay%2:30:01:: | definition=stop or halt | synonyms=detain, delay | examples=Please stay the bloodshed!
7. sense_key=stay%2:42:04:: | definition=stay behind | synonyms=persist, remain | examples=The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up
8. sense_key=stay%2:42:03:: | definition=hang on during a trial of endurance | synonyms=last out, ride out, outride | examples=ride out the storm
9. sense_key=stay%2:41:00:: | definition=stop a judicial process | examples=The judge stayed the execution order
10. sense_key=stay%2:35:00:: | definition=fasten with stays
11. sense_key=stay%2:34:00:: | definition=overcome or allay | synonyms=quell, appease | examples=quell my hunger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tower
Target surface form: tower
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the <t>tower</t>, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: however
Target surface form: however
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, <t>however</t>. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns
4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "however" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Here, "however" is used to indicate a contrast or a shift in the idea being discussed. Before "however," the text talks about the passion for ringing being potentially obsessive, and after "however," it clarifies or contrasts that this passion typically remains confined to the tower, and further elaborates on the ringers' perspective on the church.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) - This sense is used when there's a need to acknowledge a contrast or a concession before making a statement. The examples and synonyms (nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so) suggest a specific kind of contrast that follows a concession.

2. by contrast; on the other hand - This sense is used to indicate a contrast between two statements or ideas. The example given ("the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours") illustrates a clear contrast between two parts of a task.

3. to whatever degree or extent - This sense is related to the use of "however" to indicate a degree or extent, often used with adjectives or adverbs. The examples show "however" used to mean "to whatever degree" (e.g., "The results, however general, are important").

4. in whatever way or manner - This sense is about the manner in which something is done. The examples ("Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet"; "however he did it, it was very clever") illustrate this, indicating that the method or way something is achieved is not relevant to the outcome or judgment.

Given the context, "however" is used to contrast or add a nuance to the preceding statement. It indicates that despite the passion for ringing potentially being obsessive, it usually stays confined to the tower. The closest meaning here is "by contrast; on the other hand," as it introduces a clarifying or contrasting statement about where the passion for ringing is typically contained.

The best indexed sense for "however" in this context is the second one, which corresponds to sense_index = 2.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: More
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. <t>More</t> often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "More" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

Here, "More often than not" is an idiomatic expression meaning "usually" or "most of the time." The word "more" is used to indicate a greater frequency or extent.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is related to forming the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs, with the definition "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs" and synonyms like "to a greater extent." Examples include "more interesting" and "more beautiful." While "more" is used comparatively here, the context is about frequency ("more often than not"), not directly comparing qualities like beauty or interest.

2. The second sense is defined as "comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent" with examples like "he works more now" and "they eat more than they should." This sense is about comparing quantities or degrees of actions or states.

In the given context, "more" is used in the expression "more often than not," which indicates a comparison of frequency. The phrase is not directly comparing the degree of a quality (like being interesting or beautiful) but is indicating that something happens more frequently than its opposite. The closest match in meaning is related to the comparative form indicating a greater degree or extent, which aligns with the second sense.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "More" in the given context is the second one.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More <t>often</t> than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, <t>ringers</t> think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: think_of
Target surface form: think of
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers <t>think of</t> the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=think_of%2:31:00:: | definition=keep in mind for attention or consideration | synonyms=remember | examples=Remember the Alamo; Remember to call your mother every day!
2. sense_key=think_of%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration, have in view | synonyms=entertain, toy with, flirt with, think about | examples=He entertained the notion of moving to South America
3. sense_key=think_of%2:31:01:: | definition=look on as or consider | synonyms=repute, regard as, look upon, look on, esteem, take to be | examples=she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician
4. sense_key=think_of%2:31:02:: | definition=intend to refer to | synonyms=have in mind, mean | examples=I'm thinking of good food when I talk about France; Yes, I meant you when I complained about people who gossip!
5. sense_key=think_of%2:36:00:: | definition=devise or invent | synonyms=think up, dream up, hatch, concoct | examples=He thought up a plan to get rich quickly; no-one had ever thought of such a clever piece of software
6. sense_key=think_of%2:31:04:: | definition=choose in one's mind | examples=Think of any integer between 1 and 25

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for "think of" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

Here, "think of" is used to indicate how ringers perceive or regard the church. The phrase "think of...as" is a common construction that means to consider or regard something in a particular way.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is about keeping something in mind for attention or consideration, which doesn't fit the "think of...as" construction.
2. The second sense involves taking something into consideration or having it in view, which is not exactly the same as regarding something in a particular light.
3. The third sense is about looking on something as or considering it in a certain way, which matches the "think of...as" construction and the context provided.
4. The fourth sense is about intending to refer to something, which doesn't match the usage in the sentence.
5. The fifth sense involves devising or inventing something, which is not relevant to the context.
6. The sixth sense is about choosing something in one's mind, which also doesn't fit the context.

Given the context and the "think of...as" construction, the best fit is the third sense, which involves regarding or considering something in a particular way.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the <t>church</t> as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "church" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context is discussing bell ringers and their activities in relation to a church. It mentions "St. Mary Abbot" and refers to the "tower" and "belfry," which are parts of a church structure. The sentence with the target word is: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry." Here, "church" is being contrasted with the "belfry," suggesting it refers to the physical structure or building associated with the belfry, rather than the community, the service, or the religious group.

Let's examine the candidate senses:
1. Refers to one of the groups of Christians with their own beliefs and forms of worship. This doesn't fit the context because the text is discussing a physical aspect related to the belfry.
2. Refers to a place for public (especially Christian) worship. This sense aligns with the context because it refers to a physical structure ("church building"), and the text is talking about the physical parts of the church (tower, belfry).
3. Refers to a service conducted in a house of worship. The context doesn't directly relate to a service; it's more about the physical structure and the people involved in bell ringing.
4. Refers to the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church. While the text mentions "worship for others below," which could imply a congregation, the specific use of "church" in the sentence is more about the physical structure in relation to the belfry.

Given the context and the analysis, the best sense for "church" is the one that refers to a physical place for worship, which is directly related to the belfry and tower mentioned.

The best indexed sense is: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bottom
Target surface form: bottom
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the <t>bottom</t> of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bottom%1:15:00:: | definition=the lower side of anything | synonyms=underside, undersurface
2. sense_key=bottom%1:15:01:: | definition=the lowest part of anything | examples=they started at the bottom of the hill
3. sense_key=bottom%1:08:00:: | definition=the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on | synonyms=buttocks, nates, arse, butt, backside, bum | examples=he deserves a good kick in the butt; are you going to sit on your fanny and do nothing?
4. sense_key=bottom%1:28:00:: | definition=the second half of an inning; while the home team is at bat | synonyms=bottom of the inning
5. sense_key=bottom%1:17:00:: | definition=a depression forming the ground under a body of water | synonyms=bed | examples=he searched for treasure on the ocean bed
6. sense_key=bottom%1:17:01:: | definition=low-lying alluvial land near a river | synonyms=bottomland
7. sense_key=bottom%1:06:00:: | definition=a cargo ship | synonyms=freighter, merchantman, merchant ship | examples=they did much of their overseas trade in foreign bottoms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: complete
Target surface form: completed
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are <t>completed</t>, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=complete%2:30:02:: | definition=come or bring to a finish or an end | synonyms=finish | examples=He finished the dishes; She completed the requirements for her Master's Degree
2. sense_key=complete%2:30:00:: | definition=bring to a whole, with all the necessary parts or elements | examples=A child would complete the family
3. sense_key=complete%2:41:00:: | definition=complete or carry out | synonyms=dispatch, discharge | examples=discharge one's duties
4. sense_key=complete%2:33:00:: | definition=complete a pass | synonyms=nail
5. sense_key=complete%2:32:00:: | definition=write all the required information onto a form | synonyms=fill out, fill in, make out | examples=fill out this questionnaire, please!; make out a form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "completed" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

The context is about bell ringers completing a sequence of changes (a specific pattern of ringing bells) before they go to the pub. The word "completed" here refers to finishing or bringing to an end a particular task or activity, which is ringing the changes.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is defined as "come or bring to a finish or an end" with synonyms like "finish" and examples such as "He finished the dishes; She completed the requirements for her Master's Degree." This sense aligns well with the context of completing a task (ringing changes).

2. The second sense involves "bring to a whole, with all the necessary parts or elements" and is exemplified by "A child would complete the family." This doesn't directly relate to the context of finishing a task.

3. The third sense is "complete or carry out" with synonyms "dispatch, discharge" and examples like "discharge one's duties." While it involves completing or carrying out a task, "discharge" often carries a connotation of fulfilling obligations or responsibilities, which is somewhat different from simply finishing a task.

4. The fourth sense is related to completing a pass, typically in sports, which is not relevant to the context.

5. The fifth sense involves "write all the required information onto a form" with synonyms like "fill out, fill in, make out." This is not relevant to the context of bell ringing.

Given the context and the definitions, the most appropriate sense is the first one, as it directly relates to bringing a task to an end or finishing it.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "completed" in the given context is the first sense.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work_up
Target surface form: worked up
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have <t>worked up</t> a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work_up%2:30:00:: | definition=form or accumulate steadily | synonyms=build up, build, progress | examples=Resistance to the manager's plan built up quickly; Pressure is building up at the Indian-Pakistani border
2. sense_key=work_up%2:29:00:: | definition=develop | synonyms=get up | examples=we worked up an as of an appetite
3. sense_key=work_up%2:30:06:: | definition=bolster or strengthen | synonyms=build up, build, ramp up | examples=We worked up courage; build up confidence
4. sense_key=work_up%2:30:03:: | definition=come up with | synonyms=work out | examples=His colleagues worked out his interesting idea; We worked up an ad for our client

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for "worked up" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

Here, "worked up a sweat" is an idiomatic expression meaning to cause oneself to become sweaty, typically through physical exertion. The phrase is related to developing or inducing a particular state (in this case, sweating) through activity.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **"form or accumulate steadily"** - This sense is related to building up or accumulating something over time. While it could potentially fit in some contexts related to physical exertion, the specific example given ("Resistance to the manager's plan built up quickly") doesn't directly relate to the physical act of sweating.

2. **"develop"** - The example given is "we worked up an as of an appetite," which suggests developing or inducing a particular state or feeling. This sense seems plausible because "worked up a sweat" can be seen as developing or inducing sweat through physical activity.

3. **"bolster or strengthen"** - This involves increasing or enhancing something, like courage or confidence. While it involves the idea of "building up," it's more about enhancing a quality rather than inducing a physical state like sweating.

4. **"come up with"** - This sense is about creating or devising something, like an idea or a plan. It doesn't directly relate to the physical or state-inducing context of "worked up a sweat."

Given the context and the examples, "worked up a sweat" best fits with the sense of **"develop"** (sense_index = 2), as it involves inducing or developing a particular physical state (sweating) through activity. However, according to the instructions, the response must be in a specific JSON format with the correct sense index.

The best answer is {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sweat
Target surface form: sweat
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a <t>sweat</t>, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sweat%1:08:00:: | definition=salty fluid secreted by sweat glands | synonyms=perspiration, sudor | examples=sweat poured off his brow
2. sense_key=sweat%1:26:01:: | definition=agitation resulting from active worry | synonyms=fret, stew, lather, swither | examples=don't get in a stew; he's in a sweat about exams
3. sense_key=sweat%1:19:00:: | definition=condensation of moisture on a cold surface | examples=the cold glasses were streaked with sweat
4. sense_key=sweat%1:04:00:: | definition=use of physical or mental energy; hard work | synonyms=effort, elbow grease, exertion, travail | examples=he got an A for effort; they managed only with great exertion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, <t>ringers</t> often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "ringers" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses individuals who ring church bells, describing their passion, the intricacies of their activity, and their behavior after ringing the bells. The context is centered around church bell ringing and the people involved in this activity.

2. **Candidate Senses Analysis**:
   - **Sense 1**: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)". This sense directly relates to the context provided, as the passage talks about ringing church bells and the individuals involved in this activity.
   - **Sense 2**: "a person who is almost identical to another". This sense does not fit the context, as there's no discussion about individuals being identical to one another.
   - **Sense 3**: "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses". The passage does not mention any competition or contestants, so this sense is not relevant.
   - **Sense 4**: "(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg". This definition is related to a different activity (horseshoes) and does not match the context of church bell ringing.

3. **Synonyms and Examples**: For Sense 1, the synonyms provided are "toller" and "bell ringer", both of which are related to the activity of ringing bells, further supporting the relevance of this sense to the context.

4. **Conclusion**: Based on the context, the description of the activity, and the synonyms provided, the most appropriate sense for "ringers" is the one related to individuals who ring church bells.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is **1**, corresponding to the definition "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)".

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers <t>often</t> skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "often" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The sentence where "often" is used is: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below." Here, "often" describes the frequency of the action (ringers skipping off to the local pub).

2. **Understanding the Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "many times at short intervals" with synonyms like "frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes" and an example "we often met over a cup of coffee". This sense implies a regular or repeated occurrence of an action.
   - **Sense 2**: "frequently or in great quantities" with synonyms "much, a great deal" and examples "I don't drink much; I don't travel much". This sense is more about the quantity or degree rather than the frequency of an action or event.
   - **Sense 3**: "in many cases or instances". This is a more general sense indicating that something happens or is true in a large number of cases.

3. **Applying the Context to the Senses**:
   - The action described is ringers skipping off to the local pub after completing their changes. The use of "often" here indicates that this is a frequent or common behavior among ringers.
   - **Sense 1** seems to fit well because it talks about the frequency of an action ("many times at short intervals"). The example given ("we often met over a cup of coffee") illustrates a similar usage where "often" indicates that the action of meeting happened frequently.
   - **Sense 2** is less likely because it relates more to quantity rather than frequency of actions or events, and the examples given are about not doing something to a great extent, which doesn't fit the context.
   - **Sense 3** could potentially fit as it refers to "in many cases or instances", which could apply to the behavior of ringers. However, the specific action described (skipping off to the pub) is more about the frequency of their behavior rather than a general statement about many cases or instances.

4. **Choosing the Best Sense**:
   - The context suggests that "often" is used to describe the frequency of an action (ringers going to the pub), which aligns well with **Sense 1** ("many times at short intervals"). The action is not about quantity but about how frequently it happens.
   - The example provided for **Sense 1** ("we often met over a cup of coffee") illustrates a similar context where "often" is used to indicate the frequency of meetings, making it a suitable match for the usage in the given sentence.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "often" in the given context is **1**.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: skip
Target surface form: skip
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often <t>skip</t> off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=skip%2:31:01:: | definition=bypass | synonyms=jump, pass over, skip over | examples=He skipped a row in the text and so the sentence was incomprehensible
2. sense_key=skip%2:42:00:: | definition=intentionally fail to attend | synonyms=cut | examples=cut class
3. sense_key=skip%2:38:00:: | definition=jump lightly | synonyms=hop, hop-skip
4. sense_key=skip%2:38:02:: | definition=leave suddenly | synonyms=decamp, vamoose | examples=She persuaded him to decamp; skip town
5. sense_key=skip%2:38:03:: | definition=bound off one point after another | synonyms=bound off
6. sense_key=skip%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to skip over a surface | synonyms=skim, skitter | examples=Skip a stone across the pond

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "skip" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

The context indicates that the ringers, after completing their task and getting sweaty, move off to the local pub. The action described involves moving from one location (the tower or church) to another (the local pub).

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **Bypass**: This involves passing over or omitting something. While "skip" can mean to bypass, the context here involves physical movement rather than omitting something.

2. **Intentionally fail to attend**: This sense is about not attending something, like cutting a class. The context doesn't indicate that the ringers are avoiding an event; they're moving to a different location after completing their task.

3. **Jump lightly**: This involves moving with a light, springing step. The phrase "skip off" is often used to describe leaving a place in a lively or carefree manner, which fits the context of ringers moving to a pub.

4. **Leave suddenly**: While this sense involves leaving a place, "skip" in this context doesn't necessarily imply suddenness but rather a change of location.

5. **Bound off one point after another**: This is more related to a specific pattern of movement or a sequence, not directly relevant to the context provided.

6. **Cause to skip over a surface**: This involves making something (like a stone) skip across a surface, not relevant to the context of people moving to a pub.

Given the context and the synonyms provided, "skip off" is used to describe the ringers leaving for the pub, likely in a lively or carefree manner after completing their task. The most fitting sense is **3. jump lightly**, as "skip off" is an idiomatic expression that matches this description, indicating a lively or cheerful departure.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "skip" in the given context is: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the <t>local</t> pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "local" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

Here, "local pub" refers to a pub that is near or in the same area as the church where the ringers are ringing the bells. The context suggests that the pub is in the vicinity or neighborhood of the church.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is related to the administration of a city, town, or district. While "local" can sometimes refer to something related to local government or administration, the context here doesn't directly relate to administrative functions or governance.

2. The second sense refers to something being of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood. The phrase "local pub" fits this description well because it implies a pub that is characteristic of or situated within the particular locality or neighborhood of the church.

3. The third sense is related to a medical context, specifically to something affecting only a restricted part or area of the body, such as "local anesthesia." This sense is not relevant to the context of the sentence.

Given the context and the examples provided, "local pub" is best described as a pub that is in or characteristic of the particular locality or neighborhood. Thus, the most appropriate sense is the second one.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: leave
Target surface form: leaving
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, <t>leaving</t> worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=leave%2:38:01:: | definition=go away from a place | synonyms=go forth, go away | examples=At what time does your train leave?; She didn't leave until midnight
2. sense_key=leave%2:31:05:: | definition=go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness | examples=She left a mess when she moved out; His good luck finally left him
3. sense_key=leave%2:42:02:: | definition=act or be so as to become in a specified state | examples=The inflation left them penniless; The president's remarks left us speechless
4. sense_key=leave%2:30:02:: | definition=leave unchanged or undisturbed or refrain from taking | synonyms=leave alone, leave behind | examples=leave it as is; leave the young fawn alone
5. sense_key=leave%2:38:00:: | definition=move out of or depart from | synonyms=exit, go out, get out | examples=leave the room; the fugitive has left the country
6. sense_key=leave%2:42:01:: | definition=make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain | synonyms=allow for, allow, provide | examples=This leaves no room for improvement; The evidence allows only one conclusion
7. sense_key=leave%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a result or residue | synonyms=result, lead | examples=The water left a mark on the silk dress; Her blood left a stain on the napkin
8. sense_key=leave%2:41:00:: | definition=remove oneself from an association with or participation in | synonyms=depart, pull up stakes | examples=She wants to leave; The teenager left home
9. sense_key=leave%2:40:06:: | definition=put into the care or protection of someone | synonyms=entrust | examples=He left the decision to his deputy; leave your child the nurse's care
10. sense_key=leave%2:40:01:: | definition=leave or give by will after one's death | synonyms=bequeath, will | examples=My aunt bequeathed me all her jewelry; My grandfather left me his entire estate
11. sense_key=leave%2:42:03:: | definition=have left or have as a remainder | examples=That left the four of us; 19 minus 8 leaves 11
12. sense_key=leave%2:30:03:: | definition=be survived by after one's death | synonyms=leave behind | examples=He left six children; At her death, she left behind her husband and 11 cats
13. sense_key=leave%2:40:02:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, give, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
14. sense_key=leave%2:31:02:: | definition=leave behind unintentionally | synonyms=forget | examples=I forgot my umbrella in the restaurant; I left my keys inside the car and locked the doors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "leaving" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

The word "leaving" here implies that the ringers are going away from the place where worship is happening, or more specifically, they are leaving the task or responsibility of worship to others. The context suggests that the ringers are departing or moving away from the area where the worship is taking place, effectively leaving the worship to others.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense (go away from a place) could fit, but it is more about physical movement away from a place at a specific time.
2. The second sense (go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness) seems plausible because it involves leaving something or someone behind, which aligns with leaving the worship for others.
3. The third sense (act or be so as to become in a specified state) doesn't directly fit the context of physically leaving a place or task.
4. The other senses either don't fit the context or are less directly related to the act of leaving or departing.

Upon closer inspection, the most suitable definition is the second sense: "go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness." The ringers are intentionally leaving the worship to others, which matches this sense. The synonym "leave behind" also supports this interpretation.

Thus, the best indexed sense for "leaving" in the given context is the second sense.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worship
Target surface form: worship
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving <t>worship</t> for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worship%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity of worshipping
2. sense_key=worship%1:12:01:: | definition=a feeling of profound love and admiration | synonyms=adoration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "worship" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses church bell ringing and the culture surrounding it. It mentions that ringers often consider the church as secondary to the belfry and tend to leave after their ringing is done, "leaving worship for others below." This indicates that "worship" refers to religious activities or services happening in the church, below the belfry where the bell ringing occurs.

2. **Understanding the Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "the activity of worshipping" - This sense directly relates to religious or devotional activities.
   - **Sense 2**: "a feeling of profound love and admiration" - This is more about having a deep affection or admiration, not necessarily tied to religious activities.

3. **Applying Context to Candidate Senses**:
   - The context clearly indicates that "worship" is being used to refer to religious activities or services that are happening in the church, distinct from the activity of bell ringing.
   - The first sense ("the activity of worshipping") aligns with this understanding as it pertains to religious activities.

4. **Making the Choice**:
   - Given the context, **Sense 1** ("the activity of worshipping") is the most appropriate because it directly relates to the religious activities or services being referred to in the passage.

5. **Returning the Answer**:
   - The first sense is indexed as "1" according to the provided candidate senses.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "worship" in the given context is: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: below
Target surface form: below
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others <t>below</t>. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=below%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to a place that is lower | synonyms=at a lower place, to a lower place, beneath
2. sense_key=below%4:02:00:: | definition=at a later place | examples=see below
3. sense_key=below%4:02:02:: | definition=(in writing) see below | synonyms=infra | examples=vide infra
4. sense_key=below%4:02:06:: | definition=on a floor below | synonyms=downstairs, down the stairs, on a lower floor | examples=the tenants live downstairs
5. sense_key=below%4:02:03:: | definition=further down | synonyms=under | examples=see under for further discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "below" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

Here, "below" is used to indicate the location of "others" relative to the ringers. The context implies a physical or spatial relationship, with the ringers being in the belfry or tower, and "others" being in a location that is lower or beneath them, typically in the church.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. "in or to a place that is lower" - This sense fits the context as it describes a spatial relationship where "others" are in a lower place, presumably the church below the belfry.
2. "at a later place" - This sense is more relevant to text or a sequence where something is mentioned later.
3. "(in writing) see below" - This is used to direct the reader to information that appears later in a text.
4. "on a floor below" - This sense is specific to buildings with multiple floors and implies a more specific architectural context.
5. "further down" - This is a more general sense that can apply to various contexts, including physical location or in a text.

Given the context, the most appropriate sense is the first one: "in or to a place that is lower." The ringers are in the belfry, and "others" are below them, in the church. This usage aligns with the definition "in or to a place that is lower" and is synonymous with "at a lower place" or "beneath."

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "below" in this context is sense_index 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well
Target surface form: well
Context:
Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit <t>well</t> with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done
2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: | definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form; ; ; ; ; , | examples=The problem is well understood; she was well informed
3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: | definition=indicating high probability; in all likelihood | synonyms=easily | examples=I might well do it; a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster
4. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: | definition=(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully | examples=a book well worth reading; was well aware of the difficulties ahead
5. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: | definition=to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree | examples=the project was well underway; the fetus has well developed organs
6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: | definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book
7. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: | definition=to a great extent or degree | synonyms=considerably, substantially | examples=I'm afraid the film was well over budget; painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger
8. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: | definition=with great or especially intimate knowledge | synonyms=intimately | examples=we knew them well
9. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: | definition=with prudence or propriety | examples=You would do well to say nothing more; could not well refuse
10. sense_key=well%4:02:12:: | definition=with skill or in a pleasing manner | examples=she dances well; he writes well
11. sense_key=well%4:02:10:: | definition=in a manner affording benefit or advantage | synonyms=advantageously | examples=she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle
12. sense_key=well%4:02:09:: | definition=in financial comfort | synonyms=comfortably | examples=They live well; she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died
13. sense_key=well%4:02:01:: | definition=without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor | examples=took the joke well; took the tragic news well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "well" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "This does not sit well with some clerics."

Here, "well" is used in the idiom "sit well with," which means to be acceptable or pleasing to someone.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard - This doesn't directly fit the idiom "sit well with."
2. thoroughly or completely; fully - Not directly relevant to the idiom.
3. indicating high probability; in all likelihood - Not relevant to the context.
4. entirely or fully - Not the best fit for the idiom.
5. to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree - This could potentially fit, as "sit well with" implies a degree of acceptance or approval.
6. favorably; with approval - This sense is close because "sit well with" implies being in someone's favor or approval.
7. to a great extent or degree - Not directly relevant.
8. with great or especially intimate knowledge - Not relevant.
9. with prudence or propriety - Not directly relevant.
10. with skill or in a pleasing manner - Not the best fit.
11. in a manner affording benefit or advantage - This is a plausible interpretation because "sit well with" can imply being advantageous or beneficial in terms of approval or acceptance.
12. in financial comfort - Not relevant.
13. without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor - Not directly relevant.

The idiom "sit well with" is most closely related to being acceptable or pleasing, which aligns with sense 6 (favorably; with approval) or potentially sense 1 if considering a broader interpretation of "good or proper manner." However, "sit well with" is an idiomatic expression that is best captured by the sense that implies being in someone's favor or approval.

Given the context and the examples, the best fit is sense 6, as it directly relates to being favorably regarded or approved of.

{"sense_index": 6}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: membership
Target surface form: membership
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With <t>membership</t> of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=membership%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of members of an organization or group | synonyms=rank | examples=they polled their membership; they found dissension in their own ranks
2. sense_key=membership%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being a member

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "membership" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses the relationship between bell ringers and the Church of England, mentioning that the Church's membership is dwindling. The sentence with the target word is: "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services." Here, "membership" refers to the number of people belonging to the Church of England.

2. **Understanding the Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "the body of members of an organization or group" with synonyms like "rank" and examples such as "they polled their membership; they found dissension in their own ranks". This sense refers to the collective group of members.
   - **Sense 2**: "the state of being a member". This definition focuses on the condition or status of being part of a group or organization.

3. **Applying Context to Candidate Senses**:
   - The context indicates that the Church of England's "membership" is dwindling. Here, it refers to the total count or the state of people being members rather than the group itself.
   - **Sense 1** could potentially fit if we consider "membership" as referring to the collective body of members. However, the phrase "steadily dwindling" suggests a quantitative aspect, which aligns more with the concept of the state of being a member or the count of members rather than the body itself.
   - **Sense 2** is more about the state of being a member. The context, however, is discussing the quantity or the overall count of members ("steadily dwindling"), which can be related to but is not directly the "state of being a member."

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - Upon closer inspection, the context suggests that "membership" is being used to refer to the number or the collective count of members of the Church of England, which is decreasing. This usage aligns more closely with the concept of the state or condition of being members collectively.
   - The first sense ("the body of members of an organization or group") is closer because it can imply the total count or the group as a whole, even though it slightly leans towards the collective aspect rather than the count. However, the distinction here is subtle, and the context implies a focus on the quantity or the fact of being members.

5. **Decision**:
   - The best fit for the context is **Sense 2** ("the state of being a member"), as it directly relates to the condition or status that is being quantified (dwindling membership). However, it's worth noting that the distinction between the two senses can be nuanced, and the context leans towards understanding "membership" in terms of its quantitative aspect.

Given the instructions and the analysis, the response should be formatted as a JSON object indicating the chosen sense index.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: steadily
Target surface form: steadily
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England <t>steadily</t> dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=steadily%4:02:01:: | definition=at a steady rate or pace | examples=his interest eroded steadily
2. sense_key=steadily%4:02:00:: | definition=in a steady manner | synonyms=steady | examples=he could still walk steadily

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "steadily" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information.

The context discusses the dwindling membership of the Church of England and the actions of some vicars towards ringers. The sentence with the target word is: "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."

The two candidate senses for "steadily" are:
1. at a steady rate or pace
2. in a steady manner

The sentence implies that the membership is decreasing at a consistent rate over time. The word "steadily" here describes the manner in which the membership is dwindling, indicating a continuous and consistent decrease.

The first sense, "at a steady rate or pace," fits this context well because it suggests that the dwindling is happening consistently over time, which matches the implication of the sentence.

The second sense, "in a steady manner," typically implies a lack of shaking or unsteadiness, which doesn't directly apply to the concept of dwindling membership. While "steady" can sometimes imply consistency, the example given ("he could still walk steadily") illustrates a different kind of steadiness, related to physical stability or balance.

Given the context and the examples, the most appropriate sense is the first one: "at a steady rate or pace." This is because the sentence is discussing a trend (dwindling membership) over time, and "steadily" is used to describe the consistent rate of this trend.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "steadily" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vicar
Target surface form: vicars
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed <t>vicars</t> are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: | definition=a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman
2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: | definition=(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel
3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: | definition=(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "vicars" in the given context, let's analyze the information provided.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses the relationship between church bell ringers and clergy in England, specifically mentioning the Church of England. It highlights a tension between ringers, who are often not devout, and vicars, who are pressing for the ringers' participation in services.

2. **Relevant Information**: The passage explicitly mentions "the Church of England" and a specific vicar, "the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon." This indicates that the context is specifically about the Church of England.

3. **Sense Analysis**:
   - **Sense 1**: Refers to a Roman Catholic priest acting for another higher-ranking clergyman. The context is about the Church of England, not Roman Catholicism, so this is unlikely.
   - **Sense 2**: Pertains to the Episcopal Church, defining a clergyman in charge of a chapel. While the Episcopal Church is related to the Church of England in that both are part of the Anglican Communion, the specific context here is the Church of England.
   - **Sense 3**: Defines a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish in the Church of England. This matches the context provided, as it directly references the Church of England and the role of a vicar within it.

4. **Conclusion**: Given the context is specifically about the Church of England and the role described matches that of a parish priest, the most appropriate sense is the one related to the Church of England.

The best answer is {"sense_index": 3}.