[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reason
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the <t>reason</t> we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "reason" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The sentence discusses why certain educational practices are not implemented, attributing it to not wanting to relinquish certain beliefs about human nature and violating vested interests. The word "reason" is used to introduce the explanation for not wanting to implement effective education.

2. **Understanding the Word "Reason" in Context**: In the given sentence, "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs," "reason" refers to the explanation or justification for not wanting to teach certain skills.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. a rational motive for a belief or action**: This sense fits as it refers to a reason for doing or believing something, aligning with the context of explaining why a certain action (teaching effectively) is not taken.
   - **2. an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon**: This could potentially fit as it involves explaining why something happens or is the case.
   - **3. the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination**: This sense doesn't directly fit the context as "reason" here isn't discussing the capacity for thought but rather a specific explanation.
   - **4. the state of having good sense and sound judgment**: This doesn't fit as the context isn't discussing the quality of judgment or sense.
   - **5. a justification for something existing or happening**: This is a plausible sense as it involves providing a reason or justification for an action or state.
   - **6. a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion**: This could also fit as it involves a logical basis for a belief or action.

4. **Comparing Relevant Senses**:
   - Senses 1 and 5 both relate to providing a justification or explanation for an action or state. Sense 1 is defined as "a rational motive for a belief or action" with the example "the reason that war was declared," which closely aligns with the usage in the context.
   - Sense 5, "a justification for something existing or happening," is also relevant but is broader.

5. **Choosing the Best Sense**:
   - The context requires a sense that explains why a particular action or state of mind exists.
   - Sense 1 ("a rational motive for a belief or action") directly corresponds to the usage in the sentence, where "reason" is used to explain why a certain action is not taken.

Given the analysis, the best indexed sense for "reason" in the provided context is **1**.

{"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: want
Target surface form: want
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not <t>want</t> to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=want%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room
2. sense_key=want%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=want%2:35:00:: | definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you
4. sense_key=want%2:31:01:: | definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!
5. sense_key=want%2:42:01:: | definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effective
Target surface form: effective
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that <t>effective</t> education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effective%3:00:00:: | definition=producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; -LewisMumford | synonyms=effectual, efficacious | examples=an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation; effective teaching methods
2. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively; -G.B.Shaw | synonyms=efficient | examples=people who will do nothing unless they get something out of it for themselves are often highly effective persons...; effective personnel
3. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00 | definition=works well as a means or remedy | examples=an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat
4. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
5. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:actual:00 | definition=existing in fact; not theoretical; real | examples=a decline in the effective demand; confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done
6. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=ready for service | examples=the fort was held by about 100 effective soldiers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "effective" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence discusses the idea that providing effective education would require challenging certain beliefs about human nature and violating some vested interests. The context implies that "effective education" refers to education that achieves its intended purpose or has a significant impact.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense defines "effective" as producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect. The examples given, such as "effective teaching methods," align with the context of the sentence, which talks about effective education.

2. The second sense relates to being able to accomplish a purpose and functioning effectively, with a synonym being "efficient." While this could potentially fit, the context doesn't directly imply that the education is efficient, but rather that it achieves its intended result.

3. The third sense is about something working well as a means or remedy. The example of "effective teaching methods" could also fit this sense, but it's more focused on remedies or means to an end.

4. The fourth sense refers to something exerting force or influence and being in effect or in force. This doesn't directly relate to the context of achieving educational goals.

5. The fifth sense is about something existing in fact, not theoretical, and real. This doesn't directly apply to the context of "effective education" as it's more about the actuality of something rather than its effectiveness.

6. The sixth sense refers to being ready for service, which doesn't directly apply to the context of education being effective.

Given the context and the examples provided, the first sense ("producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect") is the most appropriate. It directly relates to the idea of education being effective in achieving its intended purpose.

The best indexed sense for "effective" in the given context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective <t>education</t> would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: require
Target surface form: require
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would <t>require</t> us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=require%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=require%2:32:01:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, expect | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
3. sense_key=require%2:32:00:: | definition=make someone do something | synonyms=command
4. sense_key=require%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, need | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "require" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, as well as to violate some cherished vested interests."

1. The first sense defines "require" as "require as useful, just, or proper" with synonyms like necessitate, ask, postulate, need, take, involve. The example given is "success usually requires hard work." This sense fits well because "effective education" necessitates or involves relinquishing certain beliefs and violating vested interests, much like how success requires hard work.

2. The second sense is "consider obligatory; request and expect" with synonyms ask and expect. Examples include "We require our secretary to be on time." While this sense could potentially fit in some contexts where "require" means to demand or expect something from someone, it doesn't perfectly align with the context of necessitating a change in beliefs or actions for effective education.

3. The third sense, "make someone do something," is synonymous with "command." This sense implies a more direct or forceful action than what is conveyed in the given sentence.

4. The fourth sense is "have need of" with synonyms want and need. An example is "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner." This sense is more about needing something rather than necessitating an action.

Given the context, the sentence implies that for "effective education" to happen, it is necessary to relinquish certain beliefs and violate certain interests. The closest match is the first sense, as it involves necessitating or requiring something (in this case, relinquishing beliefs and violating vested interests) for something else to happen (effective education).

Therefore, the best indexed sense is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: relinquish
Target surface form: relinquish
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to <t>relinquish</t> some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=relinquish%2:40:01:: | definition=part with a possession or right | synonyms=release, resign, free, give up | examples=I am relinquishing my bedroom to the long-term house guest; resign a claim to the throne
2. sense_key=relinquish%2:41:00:: | definition=do without or cease to hold or adhere to | synonyms=waive, forgo, forego, foreswear, dispense with | examples=We are dispensing with formalities; relinquish the old ideas
3. sense_key=relinquish%2:40:00:: | definition=turn away from; give up | synonyms=foreswear, renounce, quit | examples=I am foreswearing women forever
4. sense_key=relinquish%2:35:02:: | definition=release, as from one's grip | synonyms=let go of, let go, release | examples=Let go of the door handle, please!; relinquish your grip on the rope--you won't fall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "relinquish" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular..."

The context indicates that "relinquish" here means to give up or abandon certain beliefs. Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is defined as "part with a possession or right." While it involves giving something up, it tends to imply a more tangible or specific possession or right, such as a bedroom or a claim to the throne. The synonyms include "release," "resign," "free," and "give up." The example sentences suggest a more concrete relinquishment.

2. The second sense is "do without or cease to hold or adhere to." The synonyms provided are "waive," "forgo," "forego," "foreswear," and "dispense with." The examples given are "We are dispensing with formalities; relinquish the old ideas." This sense aligns closely with giving up abstract concepts or practices.

3. The third sense is "turn away from; give up." The synonyms are "foreswear," "renounce," and "quit." The example given is "I am foreswearing women forever." This implies a strong, often personal, decision to abandon something.

4. The fourth sense involves "release, as from one's grip." The synonyms are "let go of," "let go," and "release." The examples are "Let go of the door handle, please!; relinquish your grip on the rope--you won't fall." This sense is more about physically releasing something.

Given the context, "relinquish" is used in the sense of giving up or abandoning certain metaphysical beliefs. The closest match is the second sense, as it involves ceasing to hold or adhere to certain beliefs or ideas, which are abstract. The synonyms and examples for this sense ("waive," "forgo," "forego," "foreswear," "dispense with," and "relinquish the old ideas") fit the context well.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "relinquish" in the given context is the second sense.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: belief
Target surface form: beliefs
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical <t>beliefs</t> about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "beliefs" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses the reluctance to teach children basic skills like reading, writing, and reckoning due to adherence to certain metaphysical beliefs about human nature. It highlights that these beliefs are deeply ingrained in various aspects of society, including the educational establishment, media, politicians, and parents.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The word "beliefs" refers to the cognitive content or ideas that people hold to be true regarding human nature and young people's nature specifically.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "any cognitive content held as true." This definition aligns closely with the context, as the passage refers to "cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature" that are considered true or are held with conviction by the individuals and groups mentioned.
   - **Sense 2**: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed." While this could potentially fit, the context suggests that the beliefs in question are not vague but rather specific and strongly held convictions.

4. **Using Synonyms and Examples for Sense 2**: The synonyms provided for Sense 2 are "impression, feeling, notion, opinion." The examples given, such as "his impression of her was favorable" and "what are your feelings about the crisis?" suggest a more vague or less concrete concept than what is described in the passage. The beliefs discussed are not portrayed as vague impressions or feelings but as firmly held convictions.

5. **Decision**: Given the context and the definitions, **Sense 1** ("any cognitive content held as true") is the most appropriate. The passage clearly indicates that the beliefs in question are considered true or are held with conviction, and they are not vague.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "beliefs" in the given context is Sense 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: young
Target surface form: young
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of <t>young</t> people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=young%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people
2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=new | examples=new potatoes; young corn
3. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 | definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | synonyms=youthful, vernal | examples=he is young for his age
4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry; the day is still young
5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=not tried or tested by experience | synonyms=unseasoned, untested, untried | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young <t>people</t> in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: violate
Target surface form: violate
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to <t>violate</t> some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=violate%2:42:00:: | definition=fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns | synonyms=go against, break | examples=This sentence violates the rules of syntax
2. sense_key=violate%2:41:00:: | definition=act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises | synonyms=transgress, offend, infract, go against, breach, break | examples=offend all laws of humanity; violate the basic laws or human civilization
3. sense_key=violate%2:35:00:: | definition=destroy | examples=Don't violate my garden; violate my privacy
4. sense_key=violate%2:41:02:: | definition=violate the sacred character of a place or language | synonyms=desecrate, profane, outrage | examples=desecrate a cemetery; violate the sanctity of the church
5. sense_key=violate%2:41:01:: | definition=force (someone) to have sex against their will | synonyms=rape, ravish, assault, dishonor, dishonour, outrage | examples=The woman was raped on her way home at night
6. sense_key=violate%2:35:01:: | definition=destroy and strip of its possession | synonyms=rape, spoil, despoil, plunder | examples=The soldiers raped the beautiful country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "violate" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "...effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature... as well as to violate some cherished vested interests."

Here, "violate" is used in the context of going against or infringing upon "cherished vested interests." The word is not used in the context of physical destruction, sexual assault, or desecrating a sacred place or language.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is "fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns." The synonyms are "go against, break," and an example is "This sentence violates the rules of syntax." This sense fits the context because "violate" is used to mean going against or infringing upon "vested interests," which can be considered as a kind of rule or established pattern.

2. The second sense is "act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises." The synonyms include "transgress, offend, infract, go against, breach, break," and an example is "offend all laws of humanity; violate the basic laws or human civilization." This sense is also plausible because it involves acting against established norms or rules, which could include vested interests.

3. The third sense is "destroy," with an example "Don't violate my garden; violate my privacy." While this sense involves a negative action, it's more about destruction or intrusion rather than specifically going against rules or interests.

4. The fourth and fifth senses involve desecrating a sacred place or language and forcing someone to have sex against their will, respectively. These are not relevant to the context.

5. The sixth sense is about destroying and stripping of possessions, which is also not directly relevant.

Given the context, both the first and second senses seem applicable because they both involve the idea of going against or violating some form of established norms or rules. However, the second sense ("act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises") is broader and includes the idea of infringing upon or going against "vested interests," which can be considered under the category of established norms or rules that one is expected to respect.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "violate" in this context is the second sense.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: belief
Target surface form: beliefs
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These <t>beliefs</t> so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "beliefs" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses the reluctance to teach children fundamental skills like reading, writing, and reckoning due to certain deeply held convictions about human nature and the dominance of these convictions in various sectors of society.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The word "beliefs" refers to the convictions or ideas that are held to be true by individuals or groups.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "any cognitive content held as true" - This definition aligns with the idea of convictions or ideas that are considered true.
   - **Sense 2**: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" with synonyms like "impression, feeling, notion, opinion" - This suggests a less concrete or certain idea.

4. **Applying Context to Candidate Senses**:
   - The passage implies that the "beliefs" about human nature are strong, entrenched, and significantly influence societal and educational attitudes. The use of the word "cherished" to describe these beliefs and the notion that challenging them seems "blasphemous" indicates they are held with considerable conviction and are not vague.
   - The context suggests that these are not vague ideas but rather firmly held convictions.

5. **Decision**:
   - Given the context and the definitions, **Sense 1** ("any cognitive content held as true") is more appropriate because it aligns with the idea of firmly held convictions or truths about human nature.
   - The passage does not suggest that these beliefs are vague; rather, they are presented as strongly held and influential.

6. **Conclusion**: The best indexed sense for "beliefs" in the given context is **1**.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: so
Target surface form: so
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs <t>so</t> dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our <t>educational</t> establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "educational" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The context is discussing the educational establishment and its relation to certain beliefs and interests. The sentence is: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

The target word "educational" is used to describe the "establishment," which refers to the system or institution related to education.

Now, let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is defined as "relating to the process of education" with an example of "educational psychology." This sense directly pertains to the context of the educational system or institutions.
2. The second sense is defined as "providing knowledge" with an example of "an educational film." This sense focuses on the aspect of something (like a film) that is instructive or informative.

Given the context, "educational establishment" refers to the system or institutions related to education. The first sense ("relating to the process of education") is more relevant because it directly relates to the educational system or institutions, fitting the context of "educational establishment."

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "educational" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: establishment
Target surface form: establishment
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational <t>establishment</t>, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=establishment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, formation, organization, organisation | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation
2. sense_key=establishment%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization founded and united for a specific purpose | synonyms=institution
3. sense_key=establishment%1:14:02:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
4. sense_key=establishment%1:06:00:: | definition=a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence
5. sense_key=establishment%1:14:01:: | definition=any large organization
6. sense_key=establishment%1:22:00:: | definition=(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat | synonyms=ecesis
7. sense_key=establishment%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof | synonyms=validation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: politician
Target surface form: politicians
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our <t>politicians</t>, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=politician%1:18:01:: | definition=a leader engaged in civil administration
2. sense_key=politician%1:18:00:: | definition=a person active in party politics | synonyms=politico, pol, political leader
3. sense_key=politician%1:18:02:: | definition=a schemer who tries to gain advantage in an organization in sly or underhanded ways

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "politicians" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The context discusses the influence of certain beliefs on various groups, including "our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents." The sentence implies that politicians, along with these other groups, are dominated by certain beliefs.

1. The first sense defines a politician as "a leader engaged in civil administration." While this definition could apply to some politicians, the context doesn't specifically focus on their administrative roles.

2. The second sense defines a politician as "a person active in party politics" and provides synonyms like "politico, pol, political leader." This sense aligns well with the general understanding of politicians as individuals involved in political activities or holding political offices, which fits the context of being influenced by certain beliefs.

3. The third sense defines a politician as "a schemer who tries to gain advantage in an organization in sly or underhanded ways." This definition carries a somewhat negative connotation, implying deceitful or unethical behavior. While it's possible for some politicians to be schemers, the context doesn't specifically suggest this interpretation.

Given the context, the term "politicians" is used in a general sense to refer to individuals involved in politics, without any specific negative connotations. The sentence lists "politicians" alongside "educational establishment" and "media," suggesting a broad category of influential groups or individuals. The second sense ("a person active in party politics") is the most fitting as it aligns with the general use of the term "politicians" in the given context.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "politicians" is the second one.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: even
Target surface form: even
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and <t>even</t> our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
2. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
3. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "even" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "...our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

Here, "even" is used to indicate that among the listed groups (educational establishment, media, politicians), "our parents" is the most unexpected or surprising to be dominated by certain beliefs.

1. The first candidate sense is defined as "used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected." The example given is "even an idiot knows that," which aligns with the usage in the context. It indicates that it's surprising or unexpected that "our parents" are dominated by these beliefs, just like it might be unexpected that "an idiot knows that."

2. The second sense is "in spite of; notwithstanding," which doesn't fit the context. The sentence isn't discussing something happening in spite of another condition.

3. The third sense is "to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons," with synonyms "yet" and "still." While "even" can be used in comparisons, the context here doesn't involve comparing degrees.

4. The fourth sense is "to the full extent," as in "loyal even unto death." This doesn't fit the context either, as it doesn't discuss extent or degree in the same manner.

Given the context and the examples, "even" is used to indicate something unexpected, which matches the first candidate sense.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "even" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: parents
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our <t>parents</t> that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "parents" in the given context, let's analyze the information provided.

The context discusses the influence of certain beliefs on various groups, including "our parents," in relation to education and challenging established views. The sentence implies that "parents" are among the stakeholders or groups affected by or holding these beliefs.

The two candidate senses provided are:
1. A father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian.
2. An organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained.

The context clearly refers to human "parents," discussing their role in relation to children and education. The first sense directly corresponds to this context, as it defines "parent" in the context of human relationships and roles.

The second sense refers to a biological or reproductive context that is broader and not limited to humans, involving plants and animals. While it is related to the concept of producing or giving rise to offspring, the context provided does not suggest a discussion about organisms in a biological or scientific sense.

Given the context and the information provided, the most appropriate sense for "parents" is the first one, as it directly relates to human parents and their role in relation to their children.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seem
Target surface form: seems
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it <t>seems</t> almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seem%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, appear | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=seem%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=appear | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
3. sense_key=seem%2:42:00:: | definition=appear to exist | examples=There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now
4. sense_key=seem%2:39:02:: | definition=appear to one's own mind or opinion | examples=I seem to be misunderstood by everyone; I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "seems" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "...that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

Here, "seems" is used to express a certain impression or opinion about challenging certain beliefs. Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is defined as "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect." The synonyms are "look" and "appear." The examples given are "She seems to be sleeping" and "This appears to be a very difficult problem." This sense fits the context because "seems" is used to convey an impression about the act of challenging certain beliefs.

2. The second sense is "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" with the synonym "appear." Examples include "It seems that he is very gifted" and "It appears that the weather in California is very bad." While this sense is related to the first, it tends to lean more towards an assessment of truth or probability rather than just an impression.

3. The third sense is "appear to exist" with the example "There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now." This sense is more about the apparent existence or non-existence of something.

4. The fourth sense is "appear to one's own mind or opinion" with examples "I seem to be misunderstood by everyone" and "I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters." This involves a more personal or subjective perception.

Given the context, "it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them" is best aligned with the first sense because it describes giving a certain impression or having a certain outward aspect regarding the act of challenging certain beliefs. The phrase is conveying how challenging those beliefs appears or seems to be perceived, which aligns with "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect."

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "seems" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: blasphemous
Target surface form: blasphemous
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost <t>blasphemous</t> to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=blasphemous%5:00:00:irreverent:00 | definition=grossly irreverent toward what is held to be sacred | synonyms=profane, sacrilegious | examples=blasphemous rites of a witches' Sabbath; profane utterances against the Church
2. sense_key=blasphemous%5:00:00:dirty:02 | definition=characterized by profanity or cursing | synonyms=blue, profane | examples=foul-mouthed and blasphemous; blue language

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "blasphemous" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses the reluctance to challenge certain deeply held beliefs about human nature and education. It describes these beliefs as being so dominant in various sectors of society that questioning them seems "almost blasphemous." The context suggests that the term "blasphemous" is used metaphorically to convey a strong sense of irreverence or sacrilege towards these entrenched beliefs, rather than literal profanity or cursing.

2. **Candidate Senses Analysis**:
   - **Sense 1**: This sense is defined as "grossly irreverent toward what is held to be sacred." The synonyms provided are "profane" and "sacrilegious," and the examples include "blasphemous rites of a witches' Sabbath" and "profane utterances against the Church." This sense aligns with the metaphorical use of "blasphemous" to describe challenging deeply held, almost sacred beliefs.
   - **Sense 2**: This sense is characterized by "profanity or cursing," with synonyms "blue" and "profane," and an example of "foul-mouthed and blasphemous; blue language." This sense focuses on the literal use of profane language.

3. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context implies a metaphorical use of "blasphemous" to describe the act of challenging certain beliefs, likening these beliefs to sacred or deeply revered principles.
   - The use of "blasphemous" here does not directly relate to profanity or cursing but rather to the idea of being irreverent towards what is considered sacred or deeply ingrained.
   - Therefore, **Sense 1** is the most appropriate, as it captures the essence of being grossly irreverent towards what is held sacred, aligning with the metaphorical use in the context.

4. **Response**:
Given that Sense 1 is the correct interpretation, and it is listed as the first candidate sense, the response should reflect its index.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: challenge
Target surface form: challenge
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to <t>challenge</t> them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=challenge%2:32:01:: | definition=take exception to | synonyms=dispute, gainsay | examples=She challenged his claims
2. sense_key=challenge%2:32:00:: | definition=issue a challenge to | examples=Fischer challenged Spassky to a match
3. sense_key=challenge%2:32:03:: | definition=ask for identification | examples=The illegal immigrant was challenged by the border guard
4. sense_key=challenge%2:32:02:: | definition=raise a formal objection in a court of law | synonyms=take exception

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "challenge" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

Here, "challenge" is used in the context of questioning or disputing certain deeply held beliefs about human nature and the educational establishment.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is defined as "take exception to" with synonyms "dispute, gainsay" and an example "She challenged his claims." This sense aligns closely with the context, as "challenge" is used to mean questioning or disputing the beliefs.

2. The second sense involves "issuing a challenge to" someone, typically in a competitive context, as seen in "Fischer challenged Spassky to a match." This doesn't fit the context, as there's no indication of a competitive challenge being issued.

3. The third sense is about "asking for identification," exemplified by "The illegal immigrant was challenged by the border guard." This doesn't match the context, as there's no mention of identification being requested.

4. The fourth sense refers to "raising a formal objection in a court of law." While it involves a form of challenge, the context doesn't suggest a legal setting.

Given the context and the definitions, the use of "challenge" in the sentence best aligns with the first sense: "take exception to" or disputing certain beliefs.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: here
Target surface form: Here
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. <t>Here</t> is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "Here" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Here is an example."

1. The first sense (here%4:02:00::) is defined as "in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is." While "here" can sometimes refer to a physical location, the context doesn't strongly support this interpretation because "here" is used to introduce an example rather than to indicate a physical location.

2. The second sense (here%4:02:02::) is "in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail." The example given is "what do we have here?" and "here I must disagree." The usage of "here" in the sentence "Here is an example" fits this sense because it is used to draw attention to a specific point or detail (in this case, an example).

3. The third sense (here%4:02:01::) is defined as "to this place (especially toward the speaker)" with a synonym "hither." The example is "come here, please." This sense doesn't fit the context because "here" is not indicating movement towards a location.

4. The fourth sense (here%4:02:04::) is "at this time; now." An example is "we'll adjourn here for lunch." This doesn't fit the context because "here" is not used to indicate a point in time.

Given the context and the examples, "Here is an example" is best interpreted as introducing a specific point or detail, which aligns with the second sense.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "Here" is the second one.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: example
Target surface form: example
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an <t>example</t>. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=example%1:09:00:: | definition=an item of information that is typical of a class or group | synonyms=illustration, instance, representative | examples=this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome; there is an example on page 10
2. sense_key=example%1:09:02:: | definition=a representative form or pattern | synonyms=model | examples=I profited from his example
3. sense_key=example%1:09:01:: | definition=something to be imitated | synonyms=exemplar, model, good example | examples=an exemplar of success; a model of clarity
4. sense_key=example%1:10:00:: | definition=punishment intended as a warning to others | synonyms=deterrent example, lesson, object lesson | examples=they decided to make an example of him
5. sense_key=example%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=case, instance | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
6. sense_key=example%1:04:00:: | definition=a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding | synonyms=exercise | examples=you must work the examples at the end of each chapter in the textbook

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "example" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses why effective education is not being implemented, attributing it to certain beliefs and vested interests. It then provides a specific instance related to American parents' responses to a question about encouraging creativity in elementary schools.

2. **Understanding the Target Word's Context**: The sentence "Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, 'Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children?' the near-unanimous answer would be, 'Yes, of course.'" indicates that "example" is used to illustrate a point about the beliefs or responses of American parents.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. an item of information that is typical of a class or group**: This sense fits because the given scenario (parents' response to a question) is used to illustrate a typical belief or response among American parents.
   - **2. a representative form or pattern**: While this could potentially fit, the context doesn't strongly suggest that the example is being used as a model to follow in a broader sense.
   - **3. something to be imitated**: The passage doesn't indicate that the example given is something to be imitated; rather, it's used to illustrate a point.
   - **4. punishment intended as a warning to others**: This sense is not relevant to the context.
   - **5. an occurrence of something**: This sense is plausible as it refers to an instance or case, which aligns with the usage of "example" in the passage to denote a specific instance (parents' response).
   - **6. a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding**: This sense doesn't fit the context as "example" is not referring to an educational exercise.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context suggests that "example" is used to illustrate a typical response or belief, making **1. an item of information that is typical of a class or group** a strong candidate. The synonyms (illustration, instance, representative) and the example provided ("this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome") support this interpretation.
   - Sense **5. an occurrence of something** is also a potential candidate because it refers to an instance, which is somewhat similar to the usage in the passage.

5. **Decision**:
   - Upon closer inspection, the use of "example" here is best described as providing an **illustration or instance** of a broader point being made about societal beliefs and responses.
   - The first sense ("an item of information that is typical of a class or group") is the most appropriate because it directly relates to using a specific case (the parents' response) to illustrate a general point (the beliefs and responses of American parents).

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "example" in the given context is **1**.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ask
Target surface form: ask
Context:
It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to <t>ask</t> a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ask%2:32:00:: | definition=inquire about | synonyms=inquire, enquire | examples=I asked about their special today; He had to ask directions several times
2. sense_key=ask%2:32:01:: | definition=make a request or demand for something to somebody | examples=She asked him for a loan
3. sense_key=ask%2:32:02:: | definition=direct or put; seek an answer to | examples=ask a question
4. sense_key=ask%2:32:05:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=require, expect | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
5. sense_key=ask%2:32:04:: | definition=address a question to and expect an answer from | examples=Ask your teacher about trigonometry; The children asked me about their dead grandmother
6. sense_key=ask%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, postulate, need, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
7. sense_key=ask%2:32:09:: | definition=require or ask for as a price or condition | examples=He is asking $200 for the table; The kidnappers are asking a million dollars in return for the release of their hostage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "ask" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "If I were to ask a sample of American parents, 'Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children?' the near-unanimous answer would be, 'Yes, of course.'"

1. The first step is to understand the context and the usage of "ask" in the sentence. Here, "ask" is used in the context of posing a question to a group of people (American parents) to gather their opinion or response.

2. Let's examine the candidate senses:
   - Sense 1: inquire about. This involves asking for information about something. While related, the specific action in the sentence is to pose a question, not just to inquire about something broadly.
   - Sense 2: make a request or demand for something to somebody. The sentence is not about requesting something from the parents but rather about seeking their opinion.
   - Sense 3: direct or put; seek an answer to. This is about asking a question, which aligns with the action described in the sentence.
   - Sense 4: consider obligatory; request and expect. This involves expecting something in return or as a result of the asking, which is not the primary focus in the given sentence.
   - Sense 5: address a question to and expect an answer from. This is very similar to Sense 3 and involves directing a question to someone with the expectation of a response.
   - Sense 6 and 7: These relate to requiring something or asking for something as a condition or price, which is not relevant to the context.

3. The sentence involves posing a specific question ("Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children?") to a group of people. Both Senses 3 and 5 seem plausible because they relate to asking a question. However, Sense 3 ("direct or put; seek an answer to") is defined with the example "ask a question," which directly corresponds to the action taken in the sentence.

4. Upon closer inspection, Sense 3 is the most appropriate because it directly relates to the act of posing a question. Sense 5, while similar, is more about the direction of the question and the expectation of an answer, which is also applicable but slightly broader in interpretation.

5. Given the context and the examples provided for the candidate senses, the best fit for the usage of "ask" in the sentence is Sense 3, as it directly corresponds to the action of asking a question.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sample
Target surface form: sample
Context:
It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a <t>sample</t> of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sample%1:09:00:: | definition=a small part of something intended as representative of the whole
2. sense_key=sample%1:09:01:: | definition=items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population | synonyms=sample distribution, sampling
3. sense_key=sample%1:17:00:: | definition=all or part of a natural object that is collected and preserved as an example of its class

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "sample" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "If I were to ask a sample of American parents, 'Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children?' the near-unanimous answer would be, 'Yes, of course.'"

Here, "sample" refers to a subset of American parents chosen to represent the views or opinions of American parents as a whole.

1. The first candidate sense defines "sample" as "a small part of something intended as representative of the whole." This aligns with the usage in the given sentence, where a subset of American parents is used to represent the larger group.

2. The second candidate sense refers to "items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population." While this definition is related to statistical sampling, the context doesn't explicitly mention testing hypotheses or random selection. It focuses more on the representative aspect.

3. The third candidate sense is about collecting and preserving a natural object as an example of its class, which doesn't fit the context of the sentence.

Given the context, the first definition ("a small part of something intended as representative of the whole") is the most appropriate. It directly corresponds to using a subset of American parents to represent the larger population's views.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "sample" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: american
Target surface form: American
Context:
It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of <t>American</t> parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=american%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to the United States of America or its people or language or culture | examples=American citizens; American English
2. sense_key=american%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or characteristic of the continents and islands of the Americas | examples=the American hemisphere; American flora and fauna

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "American" in the given context, let's analyze the information provided.

The context discusses educational beliefs and practices in a specific national or cultural setting, mentioning "our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents." The use of "our" suggests that the discussion is centered around a particular country or region with which the author is associated.

The target sentence is: "If I were to ask a sample of <t>American</t> parents, 'Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children?' 'the near-unanimous answer would be, 'Yes, of course.'"

Given this context, we need to decide between the two provided candidate senses for "American":

1. The first sense is defined as "of or relating to the United States of America or its people or language or culture." Examples include "American citizens" and "American English." This sense is specific to the United States.

2. The second sense is broader, relating to "the continents and islands of the Americas," encompassing a wider geographical and cultural scope. Examples given are "the American hemisphere" and "American flora and fauna."

The context strongly suggests that the discussion is about a specific country, implied to be the United States, given the use of "our" in relation to educational establishments, media, and politicians. The reference to a specific national group of parents ("American parents") indicates that "American" is being used to denote a particular nationality or cultural identity associated with the United States.

Therefore, the most appropriate sense of "American" in this context is the one that refers specifically to the United States of America or its people.

The first candidate sense matches this interpretation.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: parents
Context:
It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American <t>parents</t>, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "parents" in the given context, let's analyze the information provided.

The context discusses the influence of certain beliefs on the educational establishment, media, politicians, and parents, particularly in relation to how they perceive the encouragement of creativity in children. The sentence where "parents" appears is: "If I were to ask a sample of American parents, 'Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children?' the near-unanimous answer would be, 'Yes, of course.'"

1. The first candidate sense defines "parent" as "a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian." This definition aligns with the common understanding of "parents" as referring to the guardians or caregivers of children, which fits the context of discussing the wishes of American parents regarding the encouragement of creativity in their children.

2. The second candidate sense defines "parent" as "an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained." This definition is more biologically oriented and is used in contexts discussing the origin or lineage of organisms.

Given the context, the discussion revolves around human parents and their views on education and creativity in their children. The term "parents" here refers to the caregivers or guardians of children, not to organisms in a biological sense. Therefore, the most appropriate sense is the one that aligns with the role of humans as caregivers or guardians.

The best indexed sense for "parents" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: encourage
Target surface form: encourage
Context:
It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to <t>encourage</t> creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=encourage%2:41:00:: | definition=contribute to the progress or growth of | synonyms=promote, advance, boost, further | examples=I am promoting the use of computers in the classroom
2. sense_key=encourage%2:37:00:: | definition=inspire with confidence; give hope or courage to
3. sense_key=encourage%2:32:00:: | definition=spur on | examples=His financial success encouraged him to look for a wife

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "encourage" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children?"

Here, "encourage" is used in the context of promoting or fostering creativity in children. The question is about the desire of parents for elementary schools to support or advance creativity.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. The first sense is defined as "contribute to the progress or growth of" with synonyms like "promote, advance, boost, further." The example given is "I am promoting the use of computers in the classroom." This sense aligns well with the context of the sentence, as encouraging creativity means contributing to its progress or growth.

2. The second sense is "inspire with confidence; give hope or courage to." While this is a valid meaning of "encourage," it doesn't directly fit the context of fostering creativity in children, as it's more about giving confidence or courage.

3. The third sense is "spur on" with an example related to financial success encouraging someone to look for a wife. This sense implies a more direct stimulation or motivation, which is somewhat relevant but not as directly related to the context of educational or developmental encouragement as the first sense.

Given the context and the definitions, the most appropriate sense of "encourage" here is the first one, as it directly relates to promoting or advancing something (in this case, creativity).

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "encourage" is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your <t>children</t>? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.