[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: range
Target surface form: range
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a <t>range</t> of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=range%1:07:00:: | definition=an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: | synonyms=scope, reach, orbit, compass, ambit | examples=the range of a supersonic jet; a piano has a greater range than the human voice
2. sense_key=range%1:15:01:: | definition=the limits within which something can be effective | synonyms=reach | examples=range of motion; he was beyond the reach of their fire
3. sense_key=range%1:15:02:: | definition=a large tract of grassy open land on which livestock can graze | examples=they used to drive the cattle across the open range every spring; he dreamed of a home on the range
4. sense_key=range%1:17:00:: | definition=a series of hills or mountains | synonyms=mountain range, range of mountains, chain, mountain chain, chain of mountains | examples=the valley was between two ranges of hills; the plains lay just beyond the mountain range
5. sense_key=range%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for shooting (firing or driving) projectiles of various kinds | examples=the army maintains a missile range in the desert; any good golf club will have a range where you can practice
6. sense_key=range%1:14:00:: | definition=a variety of different things or activities | examples=he answered a range of questions; he was impressed by the range and diversity of the collection
7. sense_key=range%1:14:01:: | definition=(mathematics) the set of values of the dependent variable for which a function is defined | synonyms=image, range of a function | examples=the image of f(x) = x^2 is the set of all non-negative real numbers if the domain of the function is the set of all real numbers
8. sense_key=range%1:09:00:: | definition=the limit of capability | synonyms=compass, reach, grasp | examples=within the compass of education
9. sense_key=range%1:06:01:: | definition=a kitchen appliance used for cooking food | synonyms=stove, kitchen stove, kitchen range, cooking stove | examples=dinner was already on the stove

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: option
Target surface form: options
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of <t>options</t> for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=option%1:21:00:: | definition=the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price; the right is purchased and if it is not exercised by a stated date the money is forfeited
2. sense_key=option%1:09:00:: | definition=one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen | synonyms=alternative, choice | examples=what option did I have?; there no other alternative
3. sense_key=option%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of choosing or selecting | synonyms=choice, selection, pick | examples=your choice of colors was unfortunate; you can take your pick

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "options" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses a U.N.-sponsored climate conference and a document outlining plans to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. It mentions that the document provides "a range of options for the key questions," indicating that it presents multiple alternatives for addressing certain issues related to carbon output and global temperature rise.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The word "options" is used in the context of presenting various alternatives or choices for tackling key questions in the climate conference document.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: Refers to a financial or property-related right to buy or sell at an agreed price. This doesn't fit the context of the passage, which is about climate change and policy decisions, not financial transactions or property rights.
   - **Sense 2**: Defines "option" as one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen, with synonyms like "alternative" and "choice." The example given ("what option did I have?; there no other alternative") illustrates its usage in the context of having alternatives.
   - **Sense 3**: Relates to the act of choosing or selecting, with synonyms like "choice," "selection," and "pick." The examples ("your choice of colors was unfortunate; you can take your pick") show its application in the context of making a selection.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The passage implies that "options" refers to a set of alternatives or choices available for addressing certain issues.
   - The use of "a range of options" directly aligns with the idea of having multiple alternatives (Sense 2).
   - While Sense 3 is related to the act of choosing, the context emphasizes the availability of alternatives rather than the act of selection itself.

5. **Conclusion**: The best fit for "options" in the given context is Sense 2, as it directly relates to having multiple alternatives or choices for the key questions at hand.

Therefore, the response should be: {"sense_index": 2}

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: question
Target surface form: questions
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key <t>questions</t>, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=question%1:10:00:: | definition=an instance of questioning | synonyms=inquiry, enquiry, query, interrogation | examples=there was a question about my training; we made inquiries of all those who were present
2. sense_key=question%1:10:01:: | definition=the subject matter at issue | synonyms=head | examples=the question of disease merits serious discussion; under the head of minor Roman poets
3. sense_key=question%1:10:03:: | definition=a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply | synonyms=interrogation, interrogative, interrogative sentence | examples=he asked a direct question; he had trouble phrasing his interrogations
4. sense_key=question%1:07:00:: | definition=uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something | synonyms=doubt, dubiousness, doubtfulness | examples=the dubiousness of his claim; there is no question about the validity of the enterprise
5. sense_key=question%1:10:02:: | definition=a formal proposal for action made to a deliberative assembly for discussion and vote | synonyms=motion | examples=he made a motion to adjourn; she called for the question
6. sense_key=question%1:10:04:: | definition=an informal reference to a marriage proposal | examples=he was ready to pop the question

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "questions" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses a U.N.-sponsored climate conference and a document outlining greenhouse-gas reductions. It mentions that the text provides a range of options for key "questions," including how developed economies would cut their carbon output and the upper limit of global temperature rise.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The target word is "questions." We need to understand how it is used in the context. The phrase "key questions" refers to significant issues or problems that need to be addressed or resolved, such as how to cut carbon output and what the upper limit of global temperature rise should be.

3. **Examining Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "an instance of questioning" - This could potentially fit as it refers to inquiries or interrogations. However, the context suggests that "questions" refers to issues or matters of discussion rather than acts of questioning.
   - **Sense 2**: "the subject matter at issue" - This sense is promising because "questions" here could refer to topics or issues under discussion or debate, such as the methods for reducing carbon output.
   - **Sense 3**: "a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply" - While this is a common meaning of "question," the context doesn't directly imply that "questions" are being asked in the form of interrogative sentences. Instead, it refers to significant issues.
   - **Sense 4**: "uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something" - This doesn't directly fit the usage in the context, as "questions" here doesn't directly imply uncertainty but rather topics for discussion.
   - **Sense 5**: "a formal proposal for action made to a deliberative assembly for discussion and vote" - This doesn't fit the context as "questions" isn't used to refer to a formal proposal.
   - **Sense 6**: "an informal reference to a marriage proposal" - This is unrelated to the context.

4. **Choosing the Best Sense**: The context suggests that "questions" refers to significant issues or matters that are under discussion or need resolution. Sense 2 ("the subject matter at issue") aligns well with this interpretation, as it refers to topics or issues being discussed or debated.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "questions" in the given context is **2**.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: upper_limit
Target surface form: upper limit
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the <t>upper limit</t> of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=upper_limit%1:23:00:: | definition=the largest possible quantity | synonyms=maximum
2. sense_key=upper_limit%1:15:00:: | definition=the limit on the upper (or northernmost) side of something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for "upper limit" in the given context, let's analyze the information provided.

The context is about a U.N.-sponsored climate conference and a document outlining plans to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. The specific sentence containing "upper limit" is: "...what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate."

The two candidate senses for "upper limit" are:
1. The largest possible quantity (synonym: maximum).
2. The limit on the upper (or northernmost) side of something.

Given the context, the discussion is about the maximum amount of global temperature rise that policymakers are willing to accept. This aligns with the first sense, which refers to the largest possible quantity or maximum.

Therefore, the best sense for "upper limit" in this context is the one that corresponds to the definition of the largest possible quantity or maximum.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: temperature
Target surface form: temperature
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global <t>temperature</t> rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=temperature%1:07:00:: | definition=the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity)
2. sense_key=temperature%1:09:00:: | definition=the somatic sensation of cold or heat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "temperature" in the given context, let's analyze the information provided.

The context is about a U.N.-sponsored climate conference and a document outlining plans to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. The specific sentence where "temperature" appears is: "...what would be the upper limit of global <t>temperature</t> rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate."

First, we examine the two candidate senses provided for "temperature":

1. The degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity).
2. The somatic sensation of cold or heat.

The context is discussing global warming and climate change, focusing on the rise in the Earth's temperature due to increased greenhouse gases. The term "global temperature rise" directly relates to the concept of measuring the Earth's temperature, which corresponds to the first definition: "the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment."

The second definition refers to a "somatic sensation of cold or heat," which is more related to how temperature is perceived by an organism rather than an objective measurement of environmental temperature. This doesn't directly fit the context of discussing global climate targets and measurements.

Given the context and the definitions, the use of "temperature" in "global temperature rise" aligns with the concept of measuring environmental temperature, making the first sense the most appropriate.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "temperature" in this context is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rise
Target surface form: rise
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature <t>rise</t> that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rise%1:11:00:: | definition=a growth in strength or number or importance
2. sense_key=rise%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of changing location in an upward direction | synonyms=ascent, ascension, ascending
3. sense_key=rise%1:17:00:: | definition=an upward slope or grade (as in a road) | synonyms=ascent, acclivity, raise, climb, upgrade | examples=the car couldn't make it up the rise
4. sense_key=rise%1:11:02:: | definition=a movement upward | synonyms=rising, ascent, ascension | examples=they cheered the rise of the hot-air balloon
5. sense_key=rise%1:07:02:: | definition=the amount a salary is increased | synonyms=raise, wage hike, hike, wage increase, salary increase | examples=he got a 3% raise; he got a wage hike
6. sense_key=rise%1:07:01:: | definition=the property possessed by a slope or surface that rises | synonyms=upgrade, rising slope
7. sense_key=rise%1:11:01:: | definition=a wave that lifts the surface of the water or ground | synonyms=lift
8. sense_key=rise%1:11:03:: | definition=(theology) the origination of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost | synonyms=emanation, procession | examples=the emanation of the Holy Spirit; the rising of the Holy Ghost
9. sense_key=rise%1:07:03:: | definition=an increase in cost | synonyms=boost, hike, cost increase | examples=they asked for a 10% rise in rates
10. sense_key=rise%1:04:01:: | definition=increase in price or value | synonyms=advance | examples=the news caused a general advance on the stock market

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lot
Target surface form: lot
Context:
The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a <t>lot</t> of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lot%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, deal, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
2. sense_key=lot%1:15:00:: | definition=a parcel of land having fixed boundaries | examples=he bought a lot on the lake
3. sense_key=lot%1:14:00:: | definition=an unofficial association of people or groups | synonyms=set, circle, band | examples=the smart set goes there; they were an angry lot
4. sense_key=lot%1:26:00:: | definition=your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you) | synonyms=fortune, destiny, fate, luck, circumstances, portion | examples=whatever my fortune may be; deserved a better fate
5. sense_key=lot%1:06:00:: | definition=anything (straws or pebbles etc.) taken or chosen at random | synonyms=draw | examples=the luck of the draw; they drew lots for it
6. sense_key=lot%1:14:01:: | definition=any collection in its entirety | synonyms=bunch, caboodle | examples=she bought the whole caboodle
7. sense_key=lot%1:18:00:: | definition=(Old Testament) nephew of Abraham; God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah but chose to spare Lot and his family who were told to flee without looking back at the destruction

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: flexibility
Target surface form: flexibility
Context:
The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of <t>flexibility</t> to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=flexibility%1:07:02:: | definition=the property of being flexible; easily bent or shaped | synonyms=flexibleness
2. sense_key=flexibility%1:07:01:: | definition=the quality of being adaptable or variable | synonyms=flexibleness | examples=he enjoyed the flexibility of his working arrangement
3. sense_key=flexibility%1:07:03:: | definition=the trait of being easily persuaded | synonyms=tractability, tractableness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "flexibility" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses a U.N.-sponsored climate conference and a document outlining greenhouse-gas reductions. It mentions that the document provides a range of options for key questions and "gives a lot of flexibility to the process," as quoted by John Coequyt.

2. **Understanding the Quote**: The quote suggests that the document allows for adaptability or variability in how the negotiations or agreements regarding greenhouse-gas reductions can be approached or implemented.

3. **Examining the Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. flexibility%1:07:02::**: Refers to the property of being flexible; easily bent or shaped. This sense is more related to physical properties.
   - **2. flexibility%1:07:01::**: Refers to the quality of being adaptable or variable. The example given is "he enjoyed the flexibility of his working arrangement," which illustrates adaptability in a non-physical context.
   - **3. flexibility%1:07:03::**: Refers to the trait of being easily persuaded. This is more about the ability to be influenced or convinced.

4. **Choosing the Best Sense**:
   - The context is about a negotiation process and a document that allows for various approaches to be considered.
   - The quote "gives a lot of flexibility to the process" implies that the document allows for adaptability or different paths forward in the negotiations.
   - Sense 2 ("the quality of being adaptable or variable") aligns with this interpretation, as it relates to the ability to adjust or vary the approach, which is not about physical flexibility or being persuaded.

5. **Conclusion**: The best indexed sense for "flexibility" in the given context is the one that corresponds to being adaptable or variable, which is **2**.

Therefore, the response in the required JSON format is: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: process
Target surface form: process
Context:
The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the <t>process</t>, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=process%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular course of action intended to achieve a result | synonyms=procedure | examples=the procedure of obtaining a driver's license; it was a process of trial and error
2. sense_key=process%1:09:00:: | definition=(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents | synonyms=cognitive process, mental process, operation, cognitive operation | examples=the process of thinking; the cognitive operation of remembering
3. sense_key=process%1:10:00:: | definition=a writ issued by authority of law; usually compels the defendant's attendance in a civil suit; failure to appear results in a default judgment against the defendant | synonyms=summons
4. sense_key=process%1:09:01:: | definition=a mental process that you are not directly aware of | synonyms=unconscious process | examples=the process of denial
5. sense_key=process%1:08:00:: | definition=a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant | synonyms=outgrowth, appendage | examples=a bony process
6. sense_key=process%1:03:00:: | definition=a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states | synonyms=physical process | examples=events now in process; the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "process" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses a U.N.-sponsored climate conference and a document outlining greenhouse-gas reductions. It mentions a negotiation that is nearing a critical point with world leaders arriving in Copenhagen. The quote, "It gives a lot of flexibility to the process," is attributed to John Coequyt, indicating that "process" refers to the negotiation or the proceedings related to the climate conference.

2. **Understanding the Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. a particular course of action intended to achieve a result**: This sense refers to a method or procedure for achieving something. The example given is "the procedure of obtaining a driver's license."
   - **2. (psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity**: This is related to mental processes or cognitive operations.
   - **3. a writ issued by authority of law**: This refers to a legal summons.
   - **4. a mental process that you are not directly aware of**: This is about unconscious mental processes.
   - **5. a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism**: This refers to a biological or anatomical feature.
   - **6. a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states**: This is a broad definition that could apply to various natural or physical processes.

3. **Relating the Context to the Candidate Senses**:
   - The context is about a negotiation or conference proceedings, which involves a series of actions or steps taken to achieve a result (reaching an agreement on greenhouse-gas reductions).
   - The term "process" here is related to the actions, discussions, or negotiations happening during the conference.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The most relevant definition is **1. a particular course of action intended to achieve a result** because the "process" in the context refers to the negotiation or the series of actions (the conference proceedings) aimed at achieving a specific outcome (a deal on greenhouse-gas reductions). The quote "It gives a lot of flexibility to the process" suggests that the negotiation or the method of reaching an agreement is being discussed, which aligns with this sense.

5. **Returning the Answer**:
   - The best indexed sense for "process" in the given context is **1**.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: washington
Target surface form: Washington
Context:
The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior <t>Washington</t> representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=washington%1:15:01:: | definition=the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791 | synonyms=Washington D.C., American capital, capital of the United States
2. sense_key=washington%1:15:00:: | definition=a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific | synonyms=Evergreen State, WA
3. sense_key=washington%1:14:00:: | definition=the federal government of the United States | synonyms=Capital
4. sense_key=washington%1:18:00:: | definition=1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799) | synonyms=George Washington, President Washington
5. sense_key=washington%1:18:01:: | definition=United States educator who was born a slave but became educated and founded a college at Tuskegee in Alabama (1856-1915) | synonyms=Booker T. Washington, Booker Taliaferro Washington

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "Washington" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club."

Here, "Washington" is used as an adjective to describe the location or affiliation of the "representative." The Sierra Club is an environmental organization, and having a "Washington representative" likely refers to someone representing the organization in the context of the U.S. capital, which is involved in political and governmental activities.

Let's examine the candidate senses:
1. Refers to "Washington D.C.," the capital of the United States.
2. Refers to the state of Washington.
3. Refers to the federal government of the United States.
4. Refers to George Washington, the 1st President of the United States.
5. Refers to Booker T. Washington, an American educator.

In the given context, "Washington representative" is most likely referring to a representative based in Washington D.C., who is involved in governmental or political affairs, possibly lobbying or advocacy work related to environmental issues.

While sense 1 (Washington D.C.) could be a plausible interpretation, the phrase "Washington representative" is more idiomatically understood to mean someone representing an organization in the context of the federal government or its activities. Thus, the term is more closely related to the activities or influence related to the federal government rather than just the geographical location.

Therefore, the best interpretation is that "Washington" refers to the context of the federal government or its activities, which aligns with sense 3, "the federal government of the United States."

The response should be: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: representative
Target surface form: representative
Context:
The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington <t>representative</t> for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=representative%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who represents others
2. sense_key=representative%1:18:02:: | definition=an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose | synonyms=spokesperson, interpreter, voice | examples=the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government
3. sense_key=representative%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the United States House of Representatives | synonyms=congressman, congresswoman
4. sense_key=representative%1:09:00:: | definition=an item of information that is typical of a class or group | synonyms=example, illustration, instance | examples=this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome; there is an example on page 10

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "representative" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses a U.N.-sponsored climate conference and mentions John Coequyt as the senior Washington "representative" for the Sierra Club. The context suggests that John Coequyt is acting on behalf of the Sierra Club, voicing their views or policies.

2. **Understanding the Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: A person who represents others. This is a broad definition and could potentially fit, but it's quite general.
   - **Sense 2**: An advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose. The synonyms provided are spokesperson, interpreter, voice. The example given is that "the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government." This sense seems to align closely with the context, as a representative for an organization like the Sierra Club would be acting as a spokesperson or voice for the organization.
   - **Sense 3**: A member of the United States House of Representatives. The context does not suggest that John Coequyt is a member of the U.S. House of Representatives; it mentions he is a "senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club," indicating a role within an organization, not a governmental legislative position.
   - **Sense 4**: An item of information that is typical of a class or group. This sense does not fit the context as John Coequyt is a person, not an item of information.

3. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context clearly indicates that John Coequyt is representing the Sierra Club, acting as their voice or spokesperson in the given situation.
   - **Sense 2** aligns perfectly with this understanding, as it defines a representative as an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose, with synonyms like spokesperson, interpreter, and voice.

4. **Conclusion**: Based on the context and the definitions provided, the best indexed sense for "representative" is **2**.

Therefore, the JSON response is: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: document
Target surface form: document
Context:
The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page <t>document</t>, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=document%1:10:00:: | definition=writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature) | synonyms=written document, papers
2. sense_key=document%1:06:00:: | definition=anything serving as a representation of a person's thinking by means of symbolic marks
3. sense_key=document%1:21:00:: | definition=a written account of ownership or obligation
4. sense_key=document%1:10:01:: | definition=(computer science) a computer file that contains text (and possibly formatting instructions) using seven-bit ASCII characters | synonyms=text file

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: negotiation
Target surface form: negotiation
Context:
The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page <t>negotiation</t> text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=negotiation%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion intended to produce an agreement | synonyms=dialogue, talks | examples=the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue
2. sense_key=negotiation%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "negotiation" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses a political process related to regulating greenhouse gases and the efforts of a U.N. ad-hoc working group to forge a text that could be the basis for a final political deal. It mentions a negotiation that is running out of time and references a document that was drafted to focus on key issues.

2. **Understanding the Target Word**: The target word is "negotiation," and it appears in the phrase "a 180-page negotiation text."

3. **Examining the Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "a discussion intended to produce an agreement" with synonyms "dialogue, talks." The example given is "the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue." This sense focuses on the act of negotiating or discussing to reach an agreement.
   - **Sense 2**: "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms." This definition is more about the process or profession of negotiating.

4. **Applying the Context to the Senses**:
   - The context implies that "negotiation" refers to a document or text that is the result or part of the negotiation process. The phrase "a 180-page negotiation text" suggests that "negotiation" is being used to describe the content or subject matter being negotiated, rather than the act of negotiation itself.
   - Sense 1 is more directly related to the act of negotiating or discussing. While it could be argued that a "negotiation text" is related to the discussions or talks, the use of "negotiation" as an adjective to describe the text leans more towards indicating the text is related to or the result of negotiations.
   - Sense 2 refers to the activity or business of negotiating, which is broader and encompasses the overall process.

5. **Choosing the Best Sense**:
   - The context suggests that "negotiation" is used to describe a document or text related to the negotiations. The closest sense that fits is Sense 1, as it directly relates to the act of negotiating or the discussions, and by extension, could relate to documents or outcomes of such discussions.

6. **Indexed Sense Selection**:
   - Given the context and the definitions, Sense 1 ("a discussion intended to produce an agreement") is the most appropriate. The indexed sense corresponding to this definition is the first one listed.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "negotiation" in the given context is Sense 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: text
Target surface form: text
Context:
The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation <t>text</t> to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: climate
Target surface form: climate
Context:
The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top <t>climate</t> official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter
2. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: official
Target surface form: official
Context:
The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate <t>official</t>, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=official%1:18:01:: | definition=a worker who holds or is invested with an office | synonyms=functionary
2. sense_key=official%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who administers the rules of a game or sport | examples=the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "official" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The text discusses a negotiation related to greenhouse gases and global warming, involving world leaders and U.N. officials. The term "official" is used in reference to "Yvo de Boer, described as 'the U.N.'s top climate official'."

2. **Understanding the Term "Official"**: In this context, "official" refers to a person who holds a position of authority or responsibility within an organization, in this case, the United Nations.

3. **Examining the Candidate Senses**:
   - **Sense 1**: "a worker who holds or is invested with an office" with a synonym "functionary." This definition aligns with the context of Yvo de Boer holding a significant position within the U.N.
   - **Sense 2**: "someone who administers the rules of a game or sport." The example given is about a golfer asking for an official to give a ruling, which is unrelated to the context provided.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**:
   - The context clearly indicates that "official" refers to a person holding an important position within the U.N., specifically related to climate issues.
   - Sense 1 directly corresponds to this understanding, as it defines an "official" as someone who holds or is invested with an office, which fits the description of Yvo de Boer's role.
   - Sense 2 is irrelevant to the context as it pertains to sports or games, not to roles within international organizations like the U.N.

5. **Conclusion**: Based on the context and the definitions provided, the most appropriate sense for "official" is Sense 1.

The best answer is {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: picture
Target surface form: picture
Context:
The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big <t>picture</t>." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=picture%1:06:00:: | definition=a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface | synonyms=image, icon, ikon | examples=they showed us the pictures of their wedding; a movie is a series of images projected so rapidly that the eye integrates them
2. sense_key=picture%1:06:01:: | definition=graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface | synonyms=painting | examples=a small painting by Picasso; he bought the painting as an investment
3. sense_key=picture%1:09:00:: | definition=a clear and telling mental image | synonyms=mental picture, impression | examples=he described his mental picture of his assailant; he had no clear picture of himself or his world
4. sense_key=picture%1:26:00:: | definition=a situation treated as an observable object | synonyms=scene | examples=the political picture is favorable; the religious scene in England has changed in the last century
5. sense_key=picture%1:10:00:: | definition=illustrations used to decorate or explain a text | synonyms=pictorial matter | examples=the dictionary had many pictures
6. sense_key=picture%1:10:02:: | definition=a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement | synonyms=movie, film, moving picture, moving-picture show, motion picture, motion-picture show | examples=they went to a movie every Saturday night; the film was shot on location
7. sense_key=picture%1:10:01:: | definition=the visible part of a television transmission | synonyms=video | examples=they could still receive the sound but the picture was gone
8. sense_key=picture%1:10:03:: | definition=a graphic or vivid verbal description | synonyms=word picture, word-painting, delineation, depiction, characterization, characterisation | examples=too often the narrative was interrupted by long word pictures; the author gives a depressing picture of life in Poland
9. sense_key=picture%1:09:01:: | definition=a typical example of some state or quality | examples=the very picture of a modern general; she was the picture of despair
10. sense_key=picture%1:06:02:: | definition=a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slide; recorded by a camera on light-sensitive material | synonyms=photograph, photo, exposure, pic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: outline
Target surface form: outlines
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the <t>outlines</t> for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=outline%1:15:00:: | definition=the line that appears to bound an object | synonyms=lineation
2. sense_key=outline%1:10:00:: | definition=a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory | synonyms=synopsis, abstract, precis
3. sense_key=outline%1:09:00:: | definition=a schematic or preliminary plan | synonyms=schema, scheme

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "outlines" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information and the context itself.

The context discusses a document drafted by a U.N. ad-hoc working group as part of a negotiation process related to global warming. The document is described as providing "a lot of flexibility to the process" and is said to show "the outlines for a possible deal." The deal involves industrial nations and major developing countries cutting their emissions by certain percentages by specific years.

The three candidate senses for "outline" are:
1. The line that appears to bound an object.
2. A sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory.
3. A schematic or preliminary plan.

Let's examine each sense in relation to the context:

1. The first sense refers to a physical or visual boundary. The context does not discuss physical objects or their boundaries, so this sense is unlikely to be the best fit.

2. The second sense refers to a summary of main points. While the document is indeed a summary or a condensed version of a larger negotiation text (180 pages to 6 pages), the term "outlines" here is used to describe the structure or framework of a potential agreement rather than a summary of an argument or theory.

3. The third sense refers to a preliminary or schematic plan. The document is described as showing "the outlines for a possible deal," indicating that it provides a preliminary framework or structure for a potential agreement. This aligns with the idea of a schematic or preliminary plan.

Given the context and the descriptions of the candidate senses, the use of "outlines" best fits with the third sense: "a schematic or preliminary plan." The document is providing a framework or a preliminary structure for a possible deal, which is in line with this definition.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "outlines" in the given context is sense 3.

{"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible <t>deal</t>, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: emission
Target surface form: emissions
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their <t>emissions</t> by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=emission%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of emitting; causing to flow forth | synonyms=emanation
2. sense_key=emission%1:27:00:: | definition=a substance that is emitted or released | synonyms=discharge
3. sense_key=emission%1:22:00:: | definition=the release of electrons from parent atoms
4. sense_key=emission%1:22:01:: | definition=any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body | synonyms=discharge, expelling | examples=the discharge of pus
5. sense_key=emission%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "emissions" in the given context, let's analyze the provided information step by step.

1. **Context Analysis**: The passage discusses a negotiation related to global warming, carbon output, and the efforts of various countries to cut their carbon emissions. The term "emissions" is used in the context of countries cutting their carbon output and reducing their emissions by certain percentages by specific years (2020 and 2050).

2. **Understanding the Term "Emissions"**: In this context, "emissions" refers to the release of substances (notably greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide) into the atmosphere. This is a key concept in discussions about climate change and global warming.

3. **Examining the Candidate Senses**:
   - **1. sense_key=emission%1:04:00::**: This sense refers to "the act of emitting; causing to flow forth." While this definition is related to the concept of emissions, it's more about the act than the substance emitted.
   - **2. sense_key=emission%1:27:00::**: This defines "emission" as "a substance that is emitted or released." The synonym given is "discharge." This sense aligns closely with the context provided, where "emissions" refers to the substances (greenhouse gases) released into the atmosphere.
   - **3. sense_key=emission%1:22:00::**: This refers to "the release of electrons from parent atoms," which is a physics-related definition and not relevant to the context of greenhouse gas emissions.
   - **4. sense_key=emission%1:22:01::**: This sense is about "any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body," with synonyms "discharge" and "expelling." An example given is "the discharge of pus." This is not relevant to the context of carbon emissions.
   - **5. sense_key=emission%1:11:00::**: This defines "emission" as "the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)," which is unrelated to the context.

4. **Choosing the Best Indexed Sense**: Based on the context and the definitions provided, the most relevant sense of "emissions" is related to the substances (greenhouse gases) being released or emitted. The definition that best matches this understanding is **2. sense_key=emission%1:27:00::**, which corresponds to the release of substances.

5. **Returning the Answer**: The sense index corresponding to the chosen definition is 2.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: level
Target surface form: levels
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 <t>levels</t>, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
6. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level
7. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "levels" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence and the provided candidate senses.

The sentence is: "...industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels..."

Here, "levels" refers to the amount or quantity of emissions in a particular year (1990), which is being used as a reference point for future reductions.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. A position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality. (degree, grade)
   - This sense fits because "levels" refers to the amount of emissions, which is a quantity.

2. A relative position or degree of value in a graded group. (grade, tier)
   - While this could potentially fit, it's more about ranking or categorization within a group, which isn't the primary focus here.

3. A specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process. (degree, stage, point)
   - This sense is plausible as it refers to a point in a series (e.g., a point in time like 1990), but it's slightly more abstract than the direct reference to quantity.

4. Height above ground.
   - This doesn't fit as "levels" is not referring to physical height.

5. Indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid. (spirit level)
   - This is unrelated to the context.

6. A flat surface at right angles to a plumb line. (horizontal surface)
   - This is also unrelated to the context.

7. An abstract place usually conceived as having depth. (layer, stratum)
   - While this could metaphorically relate to quantities or measures having different layers, it's not the most direct interpretation.

8. A structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale. (floor, storey, story)
   - This refers to physical structures and doesn't fit the context.

Given the context, "levels" is referring to the quantity or amount of emissions in 1990. The most relevant sense is the first one, which refers to "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality." The word is used to denote the amount of emissions, making it about a quantity or amount.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: period
Target surface form: period
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same <t>period</t> by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=period%1:28:00:: | definition=an amount of time | synonyms=time period, period of time | examples=a time period of 30 years; hastened the period of time of his recovery
2. sense_key=period%1:28:02:: | definition=the interval taken to complete one cycle of a regularly repeating phenomenon
3. sense_key=period%1:28:07:: | definition=(ice hockey) one of three divisions into which play is divided in hockey games
4. sense_key=period%1:28:03:: | definition=a unit of geological time during which a system of rocks formed | synonyms=geological period | examples=ganoid fishes swarmed during the earlier geological periods
5. sense_key=period%1:28:04:: | definition=the end or completion of something | examples=death put a period to his endeavors; a change soon put a period to my tranquility
6. sense_key=period%1:22:00:: | definition=the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause; ; --Hippocrates; --Aristotle | synonyms=menstruation, menses, menstruum, catamenia, flow | examples=the women were sickly and subject to excessive menstruation; a woman does not take the gout unless her menses be stopped
7. sense_key=period%1:10:00:: | definition=a punctuation mark (.) placed at the end of a declarative sentence to indicate a full stop or after abbreviations | synonyms=point, full stop, stop, full point | examples=in England they call a period a stop

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the <t>countries</t> would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best indexed sense for the target word "countries" in the given context, let's analyze the context and the provided candidate senses.

The context discusses different nations and their roles in addressing global warming, including their emissions and financial commitments. The term "countries" is used to refer to these nations collectively.

1. The first sense defines "country" as "a politically organized body of people under a single government." The synonyms include "state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic." The context refers to "rich countries," "poor ones," "developed and major emerging economies," and "industrial nations" and "major developing countries," indicating a discussion about political or economic entities.

2. The second sense refers to "the territory occupied by a nation," with synonyms "state, land." While this could fit the context, it's more about the geographical aspect.

3. The third sense is "the people who live in a nation or country," with synonyms "nation, land." This sense focuses on the population.

4. The fourth and fifth senses refer to "an area outside of cities and towns" and "a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary," respectively. These do not fit the context as the discussion is not about rural areas or vague geographical regions but rather about nations and their actions.

The term "countries" in the context is used to refer to political entities that are taking actions (cutting emissions, providing financial help). The closest sense that aligns with this usage is the first one, which defines a country as a politically organized body of people. However, the sentence "Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050." suggests a collective action by these entities, which aligns with the notion of the people or the entities they represent acting together.

Upon closer inspection, the context implies that "countries" refers to the political entities or nations that are taking collective action. The first sense (a politically organized body of people under a single government) is very relevant, but the way "countries" is used, especially in the phrase "Together, the countries would cut emissions," leans towards the third sense, as it implies the collective action of the people or entities representing these nations.

Therefore, the best indexed sense for "countries" in this context is the third sense, as it refers to the collective action of nations or the people within them.

{"sense_index": 3}