[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: replace
Target surface form: replace
Context:
Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to <t>replace</t> defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=replace%2:30:00:: | definition=substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected) | examples=He replaced the old razor blade; We need to replace the secretary that left a month ago
2. sense_key=replace%2:41:00:: | definition=take the place or move into the position of | synonyms=supplant, supersede, supervene upon, supercede | examples=Smith replaced Miller as CEO after Miller left; the computer has supplanted the slide rule
3. sense_key=replace%2:35:00:: | definition=put something back where it belongs | synonyms=put back | examples=replace the book on the shelf after you have finished reading it; please put the clean dishes back in the cabinet when you have washed them
4. sense_key=replace%2:40:00:: | definition=put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items | synonyms=substitute, interchange, exchange | examples=the con artist replaced the original with a fake Rembrandt; substitute regular milk with fat-free milk

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "replace" in the given context, we analyze the sentence:

*"It may even be possible to <t>replace</t> defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far."*

**Contextual Analysis:**
- The phrase "replace defective genes with healthy versions" suggests substituting one genetic material with another.
- This aligns with the idea of substituting or substituting one item for another that is broken or no longer functioning correctly.

**Sense Evaluation:**
1. **Sense 1:** *substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected)*
   - This sense directly matches the context of substituting defective genes with healthy ones.
   - Examples like "He replaced the old razor blade" support this interpretation.

2. **Sense 2:** *take the place or move into the position of*
   - This sense is more about replacing roles or positions, which doesn't fit the genetic context.

3. **Sense 3:** *put something back where it belongs*
   - This sense is about returning an item to its original place, which is unrelated to gene substitution.

4. **Sense 4:** *put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items*
   - While this sense involves substitution, it emphasizes equivalence, which is less precise for the genetic context where the items are not merely equivalent but functionally different (defective vs. healthy).

**Conclusion:**
The context clearly involves substituting defective genes with healthy ones, making **Sense 1** the most appropriate choice.

**Final Answer:**
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: healthy
Target surface form: healthy
Context:
Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with <t>healthy</t> versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=healthy%3:00:00:: | definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby; staying fit and healthy
2. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
3. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:wholesome:00 | definition=promoting health; healthful; ; ; ; ; - C.B.Davis | synonyms=salubrious, good for you | examples=a healthy diet; clean healthy air
4. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:reasonable:00 | definition=exercising or showing good judgment | synonyms=intelligent, levelheaded, sound | examples=healthy scepticism; a healthy fear of rattlesnakes
5. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:considerable:00 | definition=large in amount or extent or degree | synonyms=goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, sizable, sizeable | examples=it cost a considerable amount; a goodly amount

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context discusses replacing defective genes with "healthy" versions to potentially treat cancer. The term "healthy" here refers to the genetic material being free from defects and functioning properly, which aligns with the definition of promoting health or being healthful. This matches the sense related to promoting health and being beneficial to health, rather than financial health or general well-being.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: version
Target surface form: versions
Context:
Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy <t>versions</t>, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=version%1:10:01:: | definition=an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint | examples=his version of the fight was different from mine
2. sense_key=version%1:09:01:: | definition=something a little different from others of the same type | synonyms=variant, variation, edition | examples=an experimental version of the night fighter; a variant of the same word
3. sense_key=version%1:10:02:: | definition=a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form | synonyms=adaptation | examples=the play is an adaptation of a short novel
4. sense_key=version%1:10:00:: | definition=a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language | synonyms=translation, interlingual rendition, rendering
5. sense_key=version%1:09:00:: | definition=a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something | synonyms=interpretation, reading
6. sense_key=version%1:04:00:: | definition=manual turning of a fetus in the uterus (usually to aid delivery)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context discusses replacing defective genes with healthy "versions," which implies different forms or variants of the gene. This aligns with the definition of "version" as something a little different from others of the same type, along with the provided synonyms (variant, variation, edition) and example ("an experimental version of the night fighter"). Therefore, the best sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: come_close
Target surface form: come close
Context:
Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has <t>come close</t> to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=come_close%2:41:00:: | definition=nearly do something | examples=She came close to quitting her job
2. sense_key=come_close%2:42:00:: | definition=be close or similar | synonyms=approximate | examples=Her results approximate my own

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "come close" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence:

> "though no one has <t>come close</t> to doing that so far."

The phrase "come close" here implies that no one has nearly achieved the goal of replacing defective genes with healthy versions. This suggests that the action is nearly accomplished but not yet realized.

Now, let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **Sense 1**: "nearly do something"
   - **Definition**: nearly do something
   - **Examples**: She came close to quitting her job
   - This sense aligns with the idea of nearly achieving something, which fits the context of "no one has come close to doing that so far."

2. **Sense 2**: "be close or similar"
   - **Definition**: be close or similar
   - **Synonyms**: approximate
   - **Examples**: Her results approximate my own
   - This sense focuses on similarity or approximation, which does not directly address the notion of nearly achieving a goal.

Given the context, the phrase "come close" is used to express that the goal is nearly reached but not yet attained. Therefore, the best sense is the one that means "nearly do something."

**Conclusion**: The single best indexed sense is Sense 1.

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, <t>says</t> Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "says" in the given context, we analyze the surrounding text:

> In any case, **says** Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer."

The phrase "says Dr. Minna" indicates that Dr. Minna is expressing an opinion or statement. This aligns with the sense of "say" that involves reporting or maintaining a statement made by someone. The context does not involve instructions, non-verbal communication, or recitation of a fixed text, which rules out several other senses.

Among the candidate senses, the one that best matches this usage is:

- **sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war**

This sense captures the idea of Dr. Minna expressing an opinion or statement, which is precisely what the sentence conveys.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is sense 2.

```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: witness
Target surface form: witnessing
Context:
Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're <t>witnessing</t> the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=witness%2:39:00:: | definition=be a witness to | examples=She witnessed the accident and had to testify in court
2. sense_key=witness%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=find, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "witnessing" in the given context, we analyze the sentence:

*"In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer."*

**Contextual Analysis:**
- The phrase "We're witnessing the discovery" suggests that the speaker is observing or experiencing the process of discovery happening now.
- The context is about the ongoing discovery of important steps in cancer genesis, implying a real-time observation of a significant event.

**Sense Evaluation:**
1. **Sense 1: "be a witness to"**
   - Definition: To observe or be present at an event.
   - Example: "She witnessed the accident and had to testify in court."
   - This sense aligns with the idea of observing a discovery as it unfolds, fitting the context of "We're witnessing the discovery."

2. **Sense 2: "perceive or be contemporaneous with"**
   - Definition: To perceive or experience something at the same time it occurs.
   - Synonyms: find, see.
   - Example: "We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school."
   - While this sense involves perception, the synonyms and examples do not strongly capture the notion of observing a significant scientific discovery in progress.

**Conclusion:**
The context emphasizes observing a significant scientific discovery as it happens, which best matches Sense 1 ("be a witness to"). Therefore, the single best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discovery
Context:
Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the <t>discovery</t> of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context describes a significant scientific insight leading to understanding the genesis of cancer, emphasizing an important step discovered by researchers. The phrase "We're witnessing the **discovery** of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer" highlights a productive insight or breakthrough in scientific understanding rather than merely the act of finding something or a legal disclosure. The synonym "breakthrough" aligns closely with this meaning, supporting the sense of a productive insight.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the <t>most</t> important steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. sense_key=most%4:02:01:: | definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. sense_key=most%4:02:02:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The word "most" in the sentence "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the <t>most</t> important steps in the genesis of cancer" is used to indicate the highest degree of importance among steps in the genesis of cancer. This aligns with the definition "used to form the superlative" and the synonym "to the highest degree." Therefore, the best indexed sense is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: important
Target surface form: important
Context:
Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most <t>important</t> steps in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=important%3:00:00:: | definition=of great significance or value | synonyms=of import | examples=important people; the important questions of the day
2. sense_key=important%3:00:04:: | definition=important in effect or meaning | synonyms=significant | examples=a significant change in tax laws; a significant change in the Constitution
3. sense_key=important%3:00:02:: | definition=of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis | synonyms=crucial | examples=a crucial moment in his career; a crucial election
4. sense_key=important%5:00:00:influential:00 | definition=having authority or ascendancy or influence | synonyms=authoritative | examples=an important official; the captain's authoritative manner
5. sense_key=important%5:00:00:immodest:02 | definition=having or suggesting a consciousness of high position | examples=recited the decree with an important air; took long important strides in the direction of his office

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The sentence context emphasizes the discovery as a pivotal step in understanding cancer's genesis, suggesting its critical role in resolving the broader issue of cancer. The phrase "one of the most important steps" aligns with the definition of "important" as "of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis." This matches sense_key=important%3:00:02::, which is defined as "of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis" and includes the synonym "crucial."

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: step
Target surface form: steps
Context:
Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important <t>steps</t> in the genesis of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=step%1:04:02:: | definition=any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal | synonyms=measure | examples=the situation called for strong measures; the police took steps to reduce crime
2. sense_key=step%1:23:00:: | definition=the distance covered by a step | synonyms=footstep, pace, stride | examples=he stepped off ten paces from the old tree and began to dig
3. sense_key=step%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of changing location by raising the foot and setting it down | examples=he walked with unsteady steps
4. sense_key=step%1:06:00:: | definition=support consisting of a place to rest the foot while ascending or descending a stairway | synonyms=stair | examples=he paused on the bottom step
5. sense_key=step%1:26:00:: | definition=relative position in a graded series | synonyms=gradation | examples=always a step behind; subtle gradations in color
6. sense_key=step%1:23:01:: | definition=a short distance | synonyms=stone's throw | examples=it's only a step to the drugstore
7. sense_key=step%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a step of someone walking | synonyms=footfall, footstep | examples=he heard footsteps on the porch
8. sense_key=step%1:10:00:: | definition=a musical interval of two semitones | synonyms=tone, whole tone, whole step
9. sense_key=step%1:10:02:: | definition=a mark of a foot or shoe on a surface | synonyms=footprint, footmark | examples=the police made casts of the footprints in the soft earth outside the window
10. sense_key=step%1:06:01:: | definition=a solid block joined to the beams in which the heel of a ship's mast or capstan is fixed
11. sense_key=step%1:04:03:: | definition=a sequence of foot movements that make up a particular dance | synonyms=dance step | examples=he taught them the waltz step

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context refers to "one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer," indicating a stage or phase in a process rather than a physical movement, distance, or musical interval. The most appropriate sense is the one describing a stage or phase in a process, which aligns with sense_key=step%1:04:02:: (any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal). Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: genesis
Target surface form: genesis
Context:
Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the <t>genesis</t> of cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=genesis%1:11:00:: | definition=a coming into being | synonyms=generation
2. sense_key=genesis%1:10:00:: | definition=the first book of the Old Testament: tells of Creation; Adam and Eve; the Fall of Man; Cain and Abel; Noah and the flood; God's covenant with Abraham; Abraham and Isaac; Jacob and Esau; Joseph and his brothers | synonyms=Book of Genesis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context discusses the discovery of important steps in the "genesis" of cancer, referring to the process or origin of cancer development. This aligns with the sense of "genesis" meaning "a coming into being" or "generation," rather than the biblical Book of Genesis. Therefore, the best indexed sense is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes. It may even be possible to replace defective genes with healthy versions, though no one has come close to doing that so far. In any case, says Dr. Minna of the National Cancer Institute, "We're witnessing the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of <t>cancer</t>.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context discusses "new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth," "predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies," and "the discovery of one of the most important steps in the genesis of cancer" at the National Cancer Institute. This clearly refers to the medical condition involving malignant growths and tumors, not to astrological signs or biological genus. Therefore, the appropriate sense is the one describing a malignant growth or tumor.

The best indexed sense is:

**definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream**

This corresponds to sense_key `cancer%1:26:00::`.

Thus, the correct sense index is 1.

**Answer:**
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teach
Target surface form: teach
Context:
Why ca not we <t>teach</t> our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teach%2:32:00:: | definition=impart skills or knowledge to | synonyms=learn, instruct | examples=I taught them French; He instructed me in building a boat
2. sense_key=teach%2:30:00:: | definition=accustom gradually to some action or attitude | examples=The child is taught to obey her parents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context "Why can't we <t>teach</t> our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do." clearly refers to imparting knowledge and skills—specifically literacy and numeracy—to children. This aligns with the definition "impart skills or knowledge to" and the example "I taught them French." The second sense, which involves accustoming gradually to an action or attitude, does not fit as well here. Therefore, the best sense is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
Why ca not we teach our <t>children</t> to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context "Why can't we teach our <t>children</t> to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do." refers to young people in general who need to be educated. The most appropriate sense is the one that denotes young persons of either sex who are being educated, which aligns with the definition "a young person of either sex" and the examples provided.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: read
Target surface form: read
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to <t>read</t>, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=read%2:31:00:: | definition=interpret something that is written or printed | examples=read the advertisement; Have you read Salman Rushdie?
2. sense_key=read%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=say | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
3. sense_key=read%2:31:01:: | definition=look at, interpret, and say out loud something that is written or printed | examples=The King will read the proclamation at noon
4. sense_key=read%2:31:06:: | definition=obtain data from magnetic tapes | synonyms=scan | examples=This dictionary can be read by the computer
5. sense_key=read%2:31:02:: | definition=interpret the significance of, as of palms, tea leaves, intestines, the sky; also of human behavior | examples=She read the sky and predicted rain; I can't read his strange behavior
6. sense_key=read%2:31:09:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=take | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=read%2:31:05:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, take | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
8. sense_key=read%2:32:02:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=register, show, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
9. sense_key=read%2:36:05:: | definition=audition for a stage role by reading parts of a role | examples=He is auditioning for `Julius Caesar' at Stratford this year
10. sense_key=read%2:31:08:: | definition=to hear and understand | examples=I read you loud and clear!
11. sense_key=read%2:31:04:: | definition=make sense of a language | synonyms=understand, interpret, translate | examples=She understands French; Can you read Greek?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context "Why can't we teach our children to <t>read</t>, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do." refers to the educational activity of teaching children to interpret written symbols, i.e., to understand and vocalize written language. This aligns with the definition of **interpret something that is written or printed and say it out loud**. Among the candidate senses, this corresponds to:

- **sense_key=read%2:31:01::** definition=look at, interpret, and say out loud something that is written or printed | examples=The King will read the proclamation at noon

Therefore, the best indexed sense is sense index 3.

```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: write
Target surface form: write
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, <t>write</t> and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=write%2:36:00:: | definition=produce a literary work | synonyms=compose, pen, indite | examples=She composed a poem; He wrote four novels
2. sense_key=write%2:32:00:: | definition=communicate or express by writing | examples=Please write to me every week
3. sense_key=write%2:36:02:: | definition=have (one's written work) issued for publication | synonyms=publish | examples=How many books did Georges Simenon write?; She published 25 books during her long career
4. sense_key=write%2:32:08:: | definition=communicate (with) in writing | synonyms=drop a line | examples=Write her soon, please!
5. sense_key=write%2:32:01:: | definition=communicate by letter | examples=He wrote that he would be coming soon
6. sense_key=write%2:36:04:: | definition=write music | synonyms=compose | examples=Beethoven composed nine symphonies
7. sense_key=write%2:36:01:: | definition=mark or trace on a surface | examples=The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper; Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet
8. sense_key=write%2:32:03:: | definition=record data on a computer | synonyms=save | examples=boot-up instructions are written on the hard disk
9. sense_key=write%2:36:03:: | definition=write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word) | synonyms=spell | examples=He spelled the word wrong in this letter
10. sense_key=write%2:36:10:: | definition=create code, write a computer program | examples=She writes code faster than anybody else

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "write" in the context "Why can't we teach our children to read, <t>write</t> and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.", we analyze the surrounding words and the typical meanings of "write" in such educational contexts.

- **Contextual Clues**: The phrase "read, <t>write</t>, and reckon" is a classic trio of fundamental educational skills, often referred to as the "Three Rs" (Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic). In this educational setting, "write" refers to the ability to form letters and words on a medium, i.e., to compose text.

- **Synonyms and Examples**: Among the candidate senses, sense_key=write%2:32:01:: (define=communicate by letter; synonyms=write, pen; examples=He wrote that he would be coming soon) aligns closely with the educational context of teaching children to compose text. This sense emphasizes the act of forming written words, which is precisely what is being taught alongside reading and arithmetic.

- **Comparison with Other Senses**:
  - Sense_key=write%2:36:00:: (produce a literary work) and sense_key=write%2:36:04:: (write music) are too broad and do not fit the educational context.
  - Sense_key=write%2:32:08:: (have written work published) and sense_key=write%2:36:03:: (spell) are irrelevant to the educational skill being described.
  - Sense_key=write%2:32:03:: (record data on a computer) and sense_key=write%2:36:10:: (create code) are modern, technology-specific uses that do not apply here.
  - Sense_key=write%2:36:01:: (mark or trace on a surface) is close but more general, lacking the educational nuance of teaching children to form words.

Given the educational context and the need to teach children to form text, the most appropriate sense is **sense_key=write%2:32:01::**.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reckon
Target surface form: reckon
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and <t>reckon</t>? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reckon%2:31:02:: | definition=expect, believe, or suppose | synonyms=think, opine, suppose, imagine, guess | examples=I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel; I thought to find her in a bad state
2. sense_key=reckon%2:31:03:: | definition=judge to be probable | synonyms=calculate, estimate, count on, figure, forecast
3. sense_key=reckon%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=see, consider, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
4. sense_key=reckon%2:31:01:: | definition=make a mathematical calculation or computation | synonyms=calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, figure
5. sense_key=reckon%2:31:05:: | definition=have faith or confidence in | synonyms=count, bet, depend, look, calculate | examples=you can count on me to help you any time; Look to your friends for support
6. sense_key=reckon%2:31:13:: | definition=take account of | synonyms=count | examples=You have to reckon with our opponents; Count on the monsoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "reckon" in the context "Why can't we teach our children to read, write and <t>reckon</t>? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do," we analyze the sentence:

- The phrase "teach our children to read, write and reckon" suggests a set of fundamental skills being listed.
- The context implies that "reckon" is being equated with reading and writing as essential educational skills.
- The sentence "It's not that we do not know how to, because we do" indicates that the ability to "reckon" is known and feasible, similar to reading and writing.

Now, evaluating the candidate senses:

1. **expect, believe, or suppose** (think, opine, suppose, imagine, guess): This sense implies a belief or opinion, which doesn't align well with the educational context of listing fundamental skills.
2. **judge to be probable** (calculate, estimate, count on, figure, forecast): This sense involves estimation or probability, which is not directly related to teaching basic skills.
3. **deem to be** (see, consider, view, regard): This sense involves considering something as a particular thing, which could fit the idea of considering "reckoning" as a basic skill.
4. **make a mathematical calculation or computation** (calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, figure): This sense is too specific to mathematics and does not fit the broader educational context.
5. **have faith or confidence in** (count, bet, depend, look, calculate): This sense involves trust or reliance, which is not the primary meaning in the educational context.
6. **take account of** (count): This sense involves considering something, which aligns with the idea of including "reckoning" as a fundamental skill alongside reading and writing.

Given the context of teaching fundamental skills, the sense that best fits is **deem to be**, as it aligns with the idea of considering "reckoning" as an essential part of basic education, similar to reading and writing.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is sense_key=reckon%2:31:00::.

**Answer:**
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not <t>know</t> how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "know" in the context "It's not that we do not <t>know</t> how to, because we do," we analyze the sentence:

- The phrase "do not know how to" directly relates to the ability or skill to perform an action.
- The context contrasts this with "we do," indicating that the capability exists.
- This aligns with the definition of knowing how to do something, rather than merely being aware of a fact or being familiar with someone.

Comparing the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=31:01** – Being aware of a fact or information. Not fitting, as the context is about capability, not awareness.
2. **sense_key=31:03** – Knowing how to do or perform something. Directly matches "do not know how to."
3. **sense_key=31:02** – Being aware of the truth beyond doubt. Not relevant to the context of teaching skills.
4. **sense_key=31:00** – Being familiar or acquainted with a person or object. Irrelevant here.
5. **sense_key=31:04** – Having firsthand knowledge of states or sensations. Not applicable.
6. **sense_key=31:06** – Accepting someone's power and authority. Unrelated.
7. **sense_key=31:15** – Having something fixed in the mind, like a language. Not the focus.
8. **sense_key=35:00** – Having sexual intercourse. Clearly unrelated.
9. **sense_key=31:11** – Knowing the nature or character of something. Not the case.
10. **sense_key=31:12** – Being able to distinguish or recognize differences. Not relevant.
11. **sense_key=31:14** – Perceiving as familiar. Not applicable.

The best match is **sense_key=31:03**, which defines "know" as "know how to do or perform something."

Thus, the correct sense index is 3.

```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: want
Target surface form: want
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not <t>want</t> to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=want%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room
2. sense_key=want%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=want%2:35:00:: | definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you
4. sense_key=want%2:31:01:: | definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!
5. sense_key=want%2:42:01:: | definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "want" in the given context, we analyze the sentence:

"Why can't we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not **want** to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests."

The phrase "we do not want to" suggests a lack of desire or unwillingness to perform an action (teach children effectively). This aligns with the definition of "want" as "feel or have a desire for; want strongly," which implies a strong feeling of not desiring to do something.

Let's review the candidate senses:

1. **Feel or have a desire for; want strongly** (synonyms: desire) - Matches the context of unwillingness or lack of desire.
2. **Have need of** (synonyms: need, require) - Implies necessity, which does not fit the context of unwillingness.
3. **Hunt or look for; want for a particular reason** - Refers to seeking someone or something, which is unrelated.
4. **Wish or demand the presence of** - Implies a request for someone's presence, which does not apply here.
5. **Be without, lack; be deficient in** - Suggests a lack or deficiency, which does not capture the unwillingness expressed.

The context clearly indicates a strong feeling of not wanting to do something, aligning with sense 1.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reason
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the <t>reason</t> we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "reason" in the given context, we analyze the sentence:

> "And the **reason** we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests."

**Contextual Analysis:**
- The word "reason" is used to explain *why* the speaker does not want to teach children to read, write, and reckon.
- It provides a *cause* or *explanation* for the lack of willingness, linking it to metaphysical beliefs and vested interests.

**Sense Evaluation:**
1. **Sense 1 (a rational motive for a belief or action):** Fits the idea of a motive but does not capture the explanatory aspect as directly.
2. **Sense 2 (an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon):** Directly matches the use of "reason" to explain the cause of not wanting to teach.
3. **Sense 3 (the capacity for rational thought or inference):** Irrelevant; the context is about explaining a stance, not about the capacity itself.
4. **Sense 4 (the state of having good sense and sound judgment):** Not applicable; the context is about a lack of willingness, not about possessing good sense.
5. **Sense 5 (a justification for something existing or happening):** Close, but "justification" implies a more formal or moral endorsement, which is not the primary focus here.
6. **Sense 6 (a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion):** Similar to Sense 5, but the context emphasizes the *cause* rather than a logical justification.

**Conclusion:**
The context clearly uses "reason" to provide a causal explanation for the speaker's unwillingness. Therefore, the best-fitting sense is **Sense 2: an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon**.

**Final Answer:**
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: want
Target surface form: want
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not <t>want</t> to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=want%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room
2. sense_key=want%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=want%2:35:00:: | definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you
4. sense_key=want%2:31:01:: | definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!
5. sense_key=want%2:42:01:: | definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "want" in the given context, we analyze the surrounding text:

> "It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not <t>want</t> to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests."

The phrase "we do not want to" suggests a reluctance or lack of desire to engage in a particular action (teaching children effectively). This aligns with the idea of having a desire or strong feeling for something, but in this case, it is the *absence* of that desire.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **Feel or have a desire for; want strongly** (synonyms: desire)
   - Example: "I want to go home now."
   - This sense matches the idea of lacking a desire, i.e., "do not want to."

2. **Have need of** (synonyms: need, require)
   - Example: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner."
   - This sense implies necessity, which does not fit the context of reluctance.

3. **Hunt or look for; want for a particular reason**
   - Example: "Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI."
   - This sense is about seeking someone, which is unrelated.

4. **Wish or demand the presence of**
   - Example: "I want you here at noon!"
   - This sense involves requesting presence, not expressing reluctance.

5. **Be without, lack; be deficient in**
   - Example: "want courtesy; want the strength to go on living."
   - This sense suggests a lack or deficiency, which could be interpreted, but the primary nuance here is about *desire* rather than *absence*.

Given the context, the most appropriate sense is the one that captures the idea of **lacking a strong desire** to do something, which is best described by sense 1: "feel or have a desire for; want strongly." The negative construction "do not want to" directly reflects the absence of this desire.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effective
Target surface form: effective
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that <t>effective</t> education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effective%3:00:00:: | definition=producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; -LewisMumford | synonyms=effectual, efficacious | examples=an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation; effective teaching methods
2. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively; -G.B.Shaw | synonyms=efficient | examples=people who will do nothing unless they get something out of it for themselves are often highly effective persons...; effective personnel
3. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00 | definition=works well as a means or remedy | examples=an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat
4. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
5. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:actual:00 | definition=existing in fact; not theoretical; real | examples=a decline in the effective demand; confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done
6. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=ready for service | examples=the fort was held by about 100 effective soldiers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "effective" in the given context, we analyze the surrounding text:

> "It's that we do not want to is that **effective** education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular..."

The key phrase here is "effective education," which implies education that produces the intended result—i.e., it works well in achieving its purpose of teaching children to read, write, and reckon. The context suggests that "effective" is used to describe the quality of the education in terms of its ability to achieve its goal, despite the resistance to change due to entrenched beliefs.

Now, let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=effective%3:00:00::**
   - Definition: Producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect.
   - Synonyms: effectual, efficacious.
   - Example: "effective teaching methods."
   - This sense aligns well with the context, as it emphasizes the ability of education to achieve its intended outcome.

2. **sense_key=effective%5:00:00:competent:00**
   - Definition: Able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively.
   - Synonym: efficient.
   - Example: "effective personnel."
   - While related, this sense focuses more on the capability of individuals or entities to perform tasks, which is less specific to the quality of education itself.

3. **sense_key=effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00**
   - Definition: Works well as a means or remedy.
   - Example: "an effective reprimand."
   - This sense is broader and more about the effectiveness of a remedy or action, which is less directly applicable to the context of education.

4. **sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00**
   - Definition: Exerting force or influence.
   - Synonyms: good, in effect, in force.
   - Example: "the law is effective immediately."
   - This sense pertains more to the force or influence of a law or policy, not specifically to the quality of education.

5. **sense_key=effective%5:00:00:actual:00**
   - Definition: Existing in fact; not theoretical; real.
   - Example: "a decline in the effective demand."
   - This sense relates to the reality or actuality of something, which does not fit the context of education's effectiveness.

6. **sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operational:00**
   - Definition: Ready for service.
   - Example: "the fort was held by about 100 effective soldiers."
   - This sense is about readiness or functionality, which is not the primary focus here.

Given the analysis, the most appropriate sense is **sense_key=effective%3:00:00::**, which emphasizes the ability of education to produce the intended result and aligns with the example "effective teaching methods."

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective <t>education</t> would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context discusses the challenges and implications of providing effective education, focusing on the knowledge and beliefs associated with educating children. The phrase "effective <t>education</t>" refers to the knowledge and skills that are imparted through the process of educating, rather than the profession itself or the administrative department. The surrounding discussion about relinquishing beliefs and the impact on human nature aligns with the definition of "education" as "the knowledge acquired by learning and instruction." Therefore, the best sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: require
Target surface form: require
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would <t>require</t> us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=require%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=require%2:32:01:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, expect | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
3. sense_key=require%2:32:00:: | definition=make someone do something | synonyms=command
4. sense_key=require%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, need | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "require" in the given context, let's analyze the sentence:

> "effective education would **require** us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests."

The key phrase here is "would **require** us to relinquish...". This suggests that effective education **necessitates** or **necessitates as necessary** the act of relinquishing certain beliefs and interests. The word "require" is used to indicate that this relinquishment is **obligatory** or **necessary** for the achievement of effective education.

Now, let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=require%2:42:00::**
   - Definition: require as useful, just, or proper
   - Synonyms: necessitate, ask, postulate, need, take, involve
   - Example: "success usually **requires** hard work"
   - This sense aligns with the idea of something being **necessary** or **obligatory** for a particular outcome, which matches the context.

2. **sense_key=require%2:32:01::**
   - Definition: consider obligatory; request and expect
   - Synonyms: ask, expect
   - Example: "We **require** our secretary to be on time"
   - This sense focuses more on a directive or expectation from an authority, which is less fitting for the abstract, philosophical context.

3. **sense_key=require%2:32:00::**
   - Definition: make someone do something
   - Synonyms: command
   - Example: (not provided, but implies a direct command)
   - This sense is too literal and does not capture the necessary condition implied in the context.

4. **sense_key=require%2:34:00::**
   - Definition: have need of
   - Synonyms: want, need
   - Example: "This piano **wants** the attention of a competent tuner"
   - This sense is more about expressing a need or desire, which does not fit the obligatory, necessary condition described.

Given the analysis, **sense_key=require%2:42:00::** best captures the meaning of "require" in the context, as it emphasizes the necessity or obligation implied by the sentence.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: relinquish
Target surface form: relinquish
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to <t>relinquish</t> some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=relinquish%2:40:01:: | definition=part with a possession or right | synonyms=release, resign, free, give up | examples=I am relinquishing my bedroom to the long-term house guest; resign a claim to the throne
2. sense_key=relinquish%2:41:00:: | definition=do without or cease to hold or adhere to | synonyms=waive, forgo, forego, foreswear, dispense with | examples=We are dispensing with formalities; relinquish the old ideas
3. sense_key=relinquish%2:40:00:: | definition=turn away from; give up | synonyms=foreswear, renounce, quit | examples=I am foreswearing women forever
4. sense_key=relinquish%2:35:02:: | definition=release, as from one's grip | synonyms=let go of, let go, release | examples=Let go of the door handle, please!; relinquish your grip on the rope--you won't fall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "relinquish" in the given context, we analyze the sentence:

> "It's that we do not want to ... because effective education would require us to **relinquish** some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests."

**Contextual Analysis:**
- The phrase "relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs" suggests giving up or ceasing to hold onto certain beliefs.
- The context implies a relinquishment of beliefs, not a physical release or a simple giving up of a possession.

**Synonym and Example Comparison:**
1. **Sense 1 (part with a possession or right):** Synonyms like "give up" and examples such as "relinquishing my bedroom" focus on physical or property-related relinquishment, which doesn't fit the abstract nature of the context.
2. **Sense 2 (do without or cease to hold or adhere to):** Synonyms like "waive," "forgo," and "forego" align well with the idea of giving up or ceasing to hold onto beliefs. The example "relinquish the old ideas" directly mirrors the context.
3. **Sense 3 (turn away from; give up):** Synonyms like "foreswear" and "renounce" suggest a more formal or extreme giving up, which could fit but is slightly more intense than needed for the context.
4. **Sense 4 (release, as from one's grip):** This sense is more physical and literal, focusing on letting go of something tangible, which does not apply here.

**Conclusion:**
The context involves giving up or ceasing to hold onto cherished beliefs, which best matches **Sense 2** ("do without or cease to hold or adhere to"). Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: belief
Target surface form: beliefs
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical <t>beliefs</t> about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context discusses "cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature," indicating that the word "beliefs" refers to specific, held convictions or doctrines rather than vague impressions or feelings. This aligns with the definition of **any cognitive content held as true**. Therefore, the best indexed sense is the first one.

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: young
Target surface form: young
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of <t>young</t> people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=young%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people
2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=new | examples=new potatoes; young corn
3. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 | definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | synonyms=youthful, vernal | examples=he is young for his age
4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry; the day is still young
5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=not tried or tested by experience | synonyms=unseasoned, untested, untried | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "young" in the given context, we analyze the surrounding text:

> "the human nature of **young** people in particular"

The phrase "human nature of young people" suggests a discussion about the characteristics or qualities associated with individuals who are in an early stage of life. The context is about educational beliefs concerning children and human nature, not about crops, industries, or inexperience in a general sense.

Let's evaluate the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=young%3:00:00::** - Definition: (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth. Synonyms: immature. Example: young people.
   *This matches the context of discussing the nature of children.*

2. **sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02** - Definition: (of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity. Synonyms: new. Example: new potatoes; young corn.
   *Irrelevant to human nature.*

3. **sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00** - Definition: suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh. Synonyms: youthful, vernal. Example: he is young for his age.
   *While related to youth, it emphasizes vigor or freshness rather than the developmental stage of children.*

4. **sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00** - Definition: being in its early stage. Example: a young industry; the day is still young.
   *This could apply to a young industry, but the context is specifically about human nature, not a non-human entity.*

5. **sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00** - Definition: not tried or tested by experience. Synonyms: unseasoned, untested, untried. Example: unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle.
   *This sense focuses on lack of experience, which is not the primary focus here.*

The most appropriate sense is the one that directly addresses the early stage of human life, which is **sense_key=young%3:00:00::**.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young <t>people</t> in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context refers to "young people" in the sense of the general population of individuals, particularly focusing on the beliefs and attitudes towards them within society. The phrase "human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular" aligns with the idea of "the common people generally," emphasizing a broad societal perspective on a group of individuals. This matches the definition of **sense 4**: "the common people generally," which includes synonyms like multitude, masses, and the great unwashed, and is exemplified by phrases such as "power to the people."

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: violate
Target surface form: violate
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to <t>violate</t> some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=violate%2:42:00:: | definition=fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns | synonyms=go against, break | examples=This sentence violates the rules of syntax
2. sense_key=violate%2:41:00:: | definition=act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises | synonyms=transgress, offend, infract, go against, breach, break | examples=offend all laws of humanity; violate the basic laws or human civilization
3. sense_key=violate%2:35:00:: | definition=destroy | examples=Don't violate my garden; violate my privacy
4. sense_key=violate%2:41:02:: | definition=violate the sacred character of a place or language | synonyms=desecrate, profane, outrage | examples=desecrate a cemetery; violate the sanctity of the church
5. sense_key=violate%2:41:01:: | definition=force (someone) to have sex against their will | synonyms=rape, ravish, assault, dishonor, dishonour, outrage | examples=The woman was raped on her way home at night
6. sense_key=violate%2:35:01:: | definition=destroy and strip of its possession | synonyms=rape, spoil, despoil, plunder | examples=The soldiers raped the beautiful country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "violate" in the given context, we analyze the surrounding text:

> "it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them"
> "...as to **violate** some cherished vested interests."

The phrase "violate some cherished vested interests" suggests that the action being described involves breaking or infringing upon established interests or rules. This aligns with the idea of disregarding laws, rules, or promises, rather than destroying something physically, desecrating a sacred place, or engaging in a sexual assault.

**Evaluation of candidate senses:**

1. **sense_key=violate%2:42:00::** - Refers to failing to agree with rules or patterns. The context is about interests, not syntax rules.
2. **sense_key=violate%2:41:00::** - Refers to acting in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises. This matches the idea of infringing on vested interests.
3. **sense_key=violate%2:35:00::** - Refers to destroying something. The context does not involve physical destruction.
4. **sense_key=violate%2:41:02::** - Refers to violating the sacred character of a place or language. The context is about interests, not sacredness.
5. **sense_key=violate%2:41:01::** - Refers to forcing someone to have sex against their will. This is unrelated to the context.
6. **sense_key=violate%2:35:01::** - Refers to destroying and stripping possessions. Again, not relevant to the context.

The most fitting sense is **sense_key=violate%2:41:00::**, which involves disregarding laws, rules, or promises—precisely what "violate some cherished vested interests" implies.

**Conclusion:**

The best indexed sense is the second one, corresponding to sense index 2.

```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```