[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: meeting
Target surface form: meetings
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at <t>meetings</t>. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=meeting%1:14:00:: | definition=a formally arranged gathering | synonyms=group meeting | examples=next year the meeting will be in Chicago; the meeting elected a chairperson
2. sense_key=meeting%1:14:01:: | definition=a small informal social gathering | synonyms=get together | examples=there was an informal meeting in my living room
3. sense_key=meeting%1:11:00:: | definition=a casual or unexpected convergence | synonyms=encounter | examples=he still remembers their meeting in Paris; there was a brief encounter in the hallway
4. sense_key=meeting%1:04:00:: | definition=the social act of assembling for some common purpose | synonyms=coming together | examples=his meeting with the salesmen was the high point of his day
5. sense_key=meeting%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of joining together as one | synonyms=merging, coming together | examples=the merging of the two groups occurred quickly; there was no meeting of minds
6. sense_key=meeting%1:15:00:: | definition=a place where things merge or flow together (especially rivers) | synonyms=confluence | examples=Pittsburgh is located at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context refers to women being suggested to "make tea at <t>meetings</t>" within the bell-ringing community, implying a formal gathering of ringers to discuss or conduct business. This aligns with the definition of a "formally arranged gathering," which is best captured by the sense:

**definition:** a formally arranged gathering
**synonyms:** group meeting
**examples:** next year the meeting will be in Chicago; the meeting elected a chairperson

Thus, the most appropriate sense is the one describing a formal, scheduled assembly of people for a specific purpose.

**Chosen sense index:** 1

**JSON response:** {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: torrent
Target surface form: torrent
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the <t>torrent</t> of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=torrent%1:19:01:: | definition=a heavy rain | synonyms=downpour, cloudburst, deluge, waterspout, pelter, soaker
2. sense_key=torrent%1:11:00:: | definition=a violently fast stream of water (or other liquid) | synonyms=violent stream | examples=the houses were swept away in the torrent
3. sense_key=torrent%1:23:00:: | definition=an overwhelming number or amount | synonyms=flood, inundation, deluge | examples=a flood of requests; a torrent of abuse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context describes a "torrent of replies," which refers to an overwhelming number or amount of responses. This aligns with the sense of "torrent" meaning an overwhelming number or amount, as indicated by the synonyms "flood" and "inundation" and the example "a torrent of requests." Therefore, the best indexed sense is the third one.

{"sense_index": 3}

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reply
Target surface form: replies
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of <t>replies</t> that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reply%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation | synonyms=answer, response | examples=I waited several days for his answer; he wrote replies to several of his critics
2. sense_key=reply%1:10:00:: | definition=the speech act of continuing a conversational exchange | synonyms=response | examples=he growled his reply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context describes a series of letters to "The Ringing World," where one writer made a comment, and the following "replies" are responses to that comment. The word "replies" here refers to the written responses or answers to the original letter, fitting the definition of a statement made to reply to a question or criticism. This aligns with the first sense: a statement made in response to a question or criticism.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: follow
Target surface form: followed
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that <t>followed</t>, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=follow%2:38:00:: | definition=to travel behind, go after, come after | examples=The ducklings followed their mother around the pond; Please follow the guide through the museum
2. sense_key=follow%2:42:00:: | definition=be later in time | synonyms=postdate | examples=Tuesday always follows Monday
3. sense_key=follow%2:42:05:: | definition=come as a logical consequence; follow logically | synonyms=fall out | examples=It follows that your assertion is false; the theorem falls out nicely
4. sense_key=follow%2:38:01:: | definition=travel along a certain course | synonyms=travel along | examples=follow the road; follow the trail
5. sense_key=follow%2:41:00:: | definition=act in accordance with someone's rules, commands, or wishes | synonyms=comply, abide by | examples=He complied with my instructions; You must comply or else!
6. sense_key=follow%2:42:01:: | definition=come after in time, as a result | synonyms=come after | examples=A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake
7. sense_key=follow%2:30:00:: | definition=behave in accordance or in agreement with | synonyms=conform to | examples=Follow a pattern; Follow my example
8. sense_key=follow%2:42:02:: | definition=be next | examples=Mary plays best, with John and Sue following
9. sense_key=follow%2:40:00:: | definition=choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans | synonyms=adopt, espouse | examples=She followed the feminist movement; The candidate espouses Republican ideals
10. sense_key=follow%2:42:03:: | definition=to bring something about at a later time than | examples=She followed dinner with a brandy; He followed his lecture with a question and answer period
11. sense_key=follow%2:36:00:: | definition=imitate in behavior; take as a model | synonyms=take after | examples=Teenagers follow their friends in everything
12. sense_key=follow%2:31:00:: | definition=follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something | synonyms=trace | examples=We must follow closely the economic development is Cuba; trace the student's progress
13. sense_key=follow%2:41:02:: | definition=follow with the eyes or the mind | synonyms=watch, observe, watch over, keep an eye on | examples=Keep an eye on the baby, please!; The world is watching Sarajevo
14. sense_key=follow%2:41:01:: | definition=be the successor (of) | synonyms=succeed, come after | examples=Carter followed Ford; Will Charles succeed to the throne?
15. sense_key=follow%2:36:01:: | definition=perform an accompaniment to | synonyms=play along, accompany | examples=The orchestra could barely follow the frequent pitch changes of the soprano
16. sense_key=follow%2:30:01:: | definition=keep informed | synonyms=keep up, keep abreast | examples=He kept up on his country's foreign policies
17. sense_key=follow%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=come | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
18. sense_key=follow%2:41:10:: | definition=accept and follow the leadership or command or guidance of | examples=Let's follow our great helmsman!; She followed a guru for years
19. sense_key=follow%2:41:11:: | definition=adhere to or practice | examples=These people still follow the laws of their ancient religion
20. sense_key=follow%2:41:09:: | definition=work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function | synonyms=be | examples=He is a herpetologist; She is our resident philosopher
21. sense_key=follow%2:39:13:: | definition=keep under surveillance | synonyms=surveil, survey | examples=The police had been following him for weeks but they could not prove his involvement in the bombing
22. sense_key=follow%2:38:13:: | definition=follow in or as if in pursuit | synonyms=pursue | examples=The police car pursued the suspected attacker; Her bad deed followed her and haunted her dreams all her life
23. sense_key=follow%2:31:14:: | definition=grasp the meaning | examples=Can you follow her argument?; When he lectures, I cannot follow
24. sense_key=follow%2:30:12:: | definition=keep to | synonyms=stick to, stick with | examples=Stick to your principles; stick to the diet

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The sentence "In the torrent of replies that **followed**, one woman ringer from Solihull observed..." indicates that the word "followed" refers to the occurrence of something coming after another event—in this case, a series of replies coming after a main event (a "torrent"). This aligns with the sense of "to come after in time as a result or consequence." The most appropriate sense is:

**sense_key=follow%2:42:01::** – definition: "come after in time, as a result" (synonyms: "come after").

Thus, the best indexed sense is the third sense in the list:

```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: woman
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one <t>woman</t> ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "woman" in the given context, we analyze the surrounding text and the candidate senses:

**Context Analysis:**
- The passage discusses women entering a male-dominated field (bell-ringing) and mentions specific women ringers from Solihull and Sheffield.
- The focus is on women as participants in a professional activity, not as wives, mistresses, or domestic workers.
- The text refers to "woman ringer" and "lady" in the context of bell-ringing, emphasizing their role as participants rather than in any relational or domestic capacity.

**Candidate Senses Evaluation:**
1. **Sense 1: an adult female person (as opposed to a man)**
   - This sense directly matches the context where women are described as participants in a professional field. The examples ("the woman kept house while the man hunted") align with the idea of women as individuals in various roles, including professional ones.

2. **Sense 2: a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man**
   - This sense is irrelevant here as the passage does not discuss women in relational roles to men.

3. **Sense 3: a human female employed to do housework**
   - This sense is clearly inappropriate, as the context is about bell-ringing, not domestic work.

4. **Sense 4: women as a class**
   - While this sense could apply to broader discussions about women collectively, the passage specifically refers to individual women in a professional context, making Sense 1 more precise.

**Conclusion:**
The most appropriate sense for "woman" in this context is **Sense 1: an adult female person (as opposed to a man)**, as it accurately captures the role of women as participants in a professional field.

**JSON Response:**
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringer
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman <t>ringer</t> from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context describes women who are actively involved in the activity of ringing church bells, specifically mentioning "the oldest bell-ringing group" and "women fainting in peals." This directly aligns with the definition of a "ringer" as someone who rings church bells. The other senses (clone, competitor under false pretenses, and horseshoe thrower) do not fit the context. Therefore, the best indexed sense is the one describing a person who rings church bells.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: observe
Target surface form: observed
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull <t>observed</t> that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=observe%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, find, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
2. sense_key=observe%2:32:00:: | definition=make mention of | synonyms=note, mention, remark | examples=She observed that his presentation took up too much time; They noted that it was a fine day to go sailing
3. sense_key=observe%2:39:01:: | definition=observe with care or pay close attention to | synonyms=note, take note | examples=Take note of this chemical reaction
4. sense_key=observe%2:39:00:: | definition=watch attentively | examples=Please observe the reaction of these two chemicals
5. sense_key=observe%2:41:01:: | definition=show respect towards | synonyms=respect, honor, honour, abide by | examples=honor your parents!
6. sense_key=observe%2:41:02:: | definition=behave as expected during of holidays or rites | synonyms=celebrate, keep | examples=Keep the commandments; celebrate Christmas
7. sense_key=observe%2:41:00:: | definition=follow with the eyes or the mind | synonyms=watch, follow, watch over, keep an eye on | examples=Keep an eye on the baby, please!; The world is watching Sarajevo
8. sense_key=observe%2:31:00:: | definition=stick to correctly or closely | synonyms=keep, maintain | examples=The pianist kept time with the metronome; keep count
9. sense_key=observe%2:41:04:: | definition=conform one's action or practice to | synonyms=keep | examples=keep appointments; she never keeps her promises

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The sentence "One woman ringer from Solihull <t>observed</t> that 'the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals.'" indicates that the woman is making a careful, attentive observation and noting specific characteristics of male ringers. This aligns with the sense of "observe" meaning "make mention of" while emphasizing careful attention to detail. Therefore, the best sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: average
Target surface form: average
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the <t>average</t> male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%5:00:02:normal:01 | definition=approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value | synonyms=mean | examples=the average income in New England is below that of the nation; of average height for his age
2. sense_key=average%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered | synonyms=ordinary | examples=average people; the ordinary (or common) man in the street
3. sense_key=average%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=lacking exceptional quality or ability | synonyms=fair, mediocre, middling | examples=a novel of average merit; only a fair performance of the sonata
4. sense_key=average%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=around the middle of a scale of evaluation | synonyms=intermediate, medium | examples=an orange of average size; intermediate capacity
5. sense_key=average%5:00:03:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution | synonyms=modal | examples=the modal age at which American novelists reach their peak is 30
6. sense_key=average%5:00:01:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values) | synonyms=median | examples=the median value of 17, 20, and 36 is 20; the median income for the year was $15,000

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The sentence uses "average" to describe a typical male ringer, implying a common or ordinary characteristic rather than a statistical mean or median. The context focuses on typical traits (badly dressed, acne, beer-belly, etc.), aligning with the sense of "lacking exceptional quality or ability" and being "commonly encountered." Therefore, the best sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: male
Target surface form: male
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average <t>male</t> ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=male%3:00:00:: | definition=being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that perform the fertilizing function in generation | examples=a male infant; a male holly tree
2. sense_key=male%5:00:02:masculine:01 | definition=characteristic of a man | synonyms=manful, manlike, manly, virile | examples=a deep male voice; manly sports
3. sense_key=male%5:00:01:male:00 | definition=for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys | examples=the male lead; the male population

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context refers to "the average <t>male</t> ringer," discussing characteristics of men who are bell-ringers. The description focuses on physical traits and behaviors associated with men in this specific role, aligning with the sense that pertains to being for or pertaining to men or boys. Therefore, the best sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringer
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male <t>ringer</t> leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context describes women who "ring church bells" and discusses the composition of bell-ringing groups, particularly for prestigious churches like St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. The term "ringer" in this passage refers to someone who performs the act of ringing church bells, which aligns with the definition provided for sense_key **ringer%1:18:02::** (a person who rings church bells, also known as a toller or bell ringer). The other senses (clone, competitor under false pretenses, and horseshoe thrower) do not fit the context.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: badly
Target surface form: badly
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: <t>badly</t> dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=badly%4:02:02:: | definition=to a severe or serious degree | synonyms=severely, gravely, seriously | examples=fingers so badly frozen they had to be amputated; badly injured
2. sense_key=badly%4:02:00:: | definition=(`ill' is often used as a combining form) in a poor or improper or unsatisfactory manner; not well | synonyms=ill, poorly | examples=he was ill prepared; it ill befits a man to betray old friends
3. sense_key=badly%4:02:06:: | definition=evilly or wickedly | examples=treated his parents badly; to steal is to act badly
4. sense_key=badly%4:02:05:: | definition=in a disobedient or naughty way | synonyms=mischievously, naughtily | examples=he behaved badly in school; he mischievously looked for a chance to embarrass his sister
5. sense_key=badly%4:02:04:: | definition=with great intensity (`bad' is a nonstandard variant for `badly') | synonyms=bad | examples=the injury hurt badly; the buildings were badly shaken
6. sense_key=badly%4:02:03:: | definition=very much; strongly | synonyms=bad | examples=I wanted it badly enough to work hard for it; the cables had sagged badly
7. sense_key=badly%4:02:12:: | definition=without skill or in a displeasing manner | examples=she writes badly; I think he paints very badly
8. sense_key=badly%4:02:10:: | definition=in a disadvantageous way; to someone's disadvantage | synonyms=disadvantageously | examples=the venture turned out badly for the investors; angry that the case was settled disadvantageously for them
9. sense_key=badly%4:02:07:: | definition=unfavorably or with disapproval | synonyms=ill | examples=tried not to speak ill of the dead; thought badly of him for his lack of concern
10. sense_key=badly%4:02:08:: | definition=with unusual distress or resentment or regret or emotional display | examples=they took their defeat badly; took her father's death badly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "badly" in the context:

**Context:**
"One woman ringer from Solihull observed that 'the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: <t>badly</t> dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals.'"

**Analysis of the context:**
- The phrase "leaves quite a lot to be desired" is followed by a list of negative qualities describing male ringers.
- "Badly dressed" suggests that the attire is of poor quality or unsatisfactory.
- The other descriptors (acne, large beer-belly, unwashed, flatulent) further emphasize negative, unsatisfactory conditions.

**Matching with candidate senses:**
1. **Sense 1 (severely, gravely, seriously):** Implies a severe or serious degree, which doesn't fit the context of describing clothing or hygiene.
2. **Sense 2 (ill, poorly):** Means in a poor or improper manner, which aligns with "badly dressed" and the overall negative description.
3. **Sense 3 (evilly, wickedly):** Implies moral wrongdoing, which is irrelevant here.
4. **Sense 4 (mischievously, naughtily):** Suggests playful naughtiness, not appropriate for the serious negative description.
5. **Sense 5 (with great intensity, bad):** Implies intensity but doesn't capture the unsatisfactory quality of the attire.
6. **Sense 6 (very much, strongly):** Similar to 5, lacks the nuance of unsatisfactory quality.
7. **Sense 7 (without skill or in a displeasing manner):** Could fit "badly dressed," but the broader context of multiple negative traits points more directly to "poorly" or "unsatisfactorily."
8. **Sense 8 (disadvantageously):** Implies a disadvantage, which doesn't match the description of personal attributes.
9. **Sense 9 (unfavorably, with disapproval):** Slightly broader, but the specific phrase "badly dressed" is more directly captured by "poorly."
10. **Sense 10 (with unusual distress or resentment):** Irrelevant to the description of attire and hygiene.

**Conclusion:**
The phrase "badly dressed" and the surrounding negative descriptors are best captured by **Sense 2: (ill, poorly)**, which means in a poor or improper manner, aligning with the unsatisfactory quality being described.

**Final choice:**
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dressed
Target surface form: dressed
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly <t>dressed</t>, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dressed%5:00:00:clothed:00 | definition=dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination | synonyms=appareled, attired, garbed, garmented, habilimented, robed | examples=the elegantly attired gentleman; neatly dressed workers
2. sense_key=dressed%5:00:00:treated:02 | definition=treated with medications and protective covering
3. sense_key=dressed%5:00:00:finished:02 | definition=(of lumber or stone) to trim and smooth | synonyms=polished
4. sense_key=dressed%5:00:02:clothed:00 | definition=dressed in fancy or formal clothing | synonyms=dressed-up, dressed to the nines, dressed to kill, dolled up, spruced up, spiffed up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context describes a criticism of male ringers' appearance, specifically mentioning that they are "badly dressed." This usage clearly refers to the state of being clothed or attired, particularly in a manner that is considered poor or unimpressive. The relevant synonyms in the context are "attired" and "garbed," which align with the idea of being clothed. The other senses (treated, finished, or fancy clothing) do not fit the context as well.

Therefore, the best sense is the one that means "clothed" in a general sense, which corresponds to sense_key **dressed:00:00:clothed:00**.

**Answer:**
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: large
Target surface form: large
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a <t>large</t> beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=large%3:00:00:: | definition=above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=big | examples=a large city; set out for the big city
2. sense_key=large%5:00:00:significant:00 | definition=fairly large or important in effect; influential | examples=played a large role in the negotiations
3. sense_key=large%5:00:00:rhetorical:00 | definition=ostentatiously lofty in style | synonyms=bombastic, declamatory, orotund, tumid, turgid | examples=a man given to large talk; tumid political prose
4. sense_key=large%5:00:00:generous:02 | definition=generous and understanding and tolerant | synonyms=big, magnanimous | examples=a heart big enough to hold no grudges; that's very big of you to be so forgiving
5. sense_key=large%5:00:00:conspicuous:00 | definition=conspicuous in position or importance | synonyms=big, prominent | examples=a big figure in the movement; big man on campus
6. sense_key=large%5:00:00:comprehensive:00 | definition=having broad power and range and scope | examples=taking the large view; a large effect
7. sense_key=large%5:00:00:pregnant:00 | definition=in an advanced stage of pregnancy | synonyms=big, enceinte, expectant, gravid, great, heavy | examples=was big with child; was great with child

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context describes a woman ringer commenting on the physical appearance of male ringers, specifically noting that "the average male ringer ... is decorated with a **large beer-belly**." The term "large" here is used to describe the size of the beer-belly, which aligns with the definition of being "above average in size." Among the candidate senses, the one that best matches this usage is:

- **sense_key=large%3:00:00::** – definition: above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent; synonyms: big; examples: a large city; set out for the big city.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is the first one.

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: unwashed
Target surface form: unwashed
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently <t>unwashed</t> and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=unwashed%5:00:00:lowborn:00 | definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | synonyms=common, plebeian, vulgar | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly; behavior that branded him as common
2. sense_key=unwashed%5:00:00:dirty:01 | definition=not cleaned with or as if with soap and water | examples=a sink full of unwashed dishes

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context describes a woman ringer criticizing male ringers as "unwashed," implying they are not cleaned with soap and water, i.e., dirty or unclean. This aligns with the definition "not cleaned with or as if with soap and water" and the example "a sink full of unwashed dishes." The other sense (lowborn, common) does not fit the context of personal hygiene. Therefore, the best sense is the one describing physical cleanliness.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another <t>women</t> wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two men die, bless them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context refers to "women" as a collective group of female individuals involved in bell-ringing and discussing their roles and experiences within this specific activity. The mention of "women fainting in peals" and "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry" clearly indicates that "women" is being used to denote the class of female participants in this context, rather than referring to individual women in specific relational roles (sense 2), domestic workers (sense 3), or a more general abstract class without the specific activity context (sense 4). The most fitting sense is therefore the one that captures "women as a class" in the given context.

Thus, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: write
Target surface form: wrote
Context:
They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women <t>wrote</t> from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two men die, bless them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=write%2:36:00:: | definition=produce a literary work | synonyms=compose, pen, indite | examples=She composed a poem; He wrote four novels
2. sense_key=write%2:32:00:: | definition=communicate or express by writing | examples=Please write to me every week
3. sense_key=write%2:36:02:: | definition=have (one's written work) issued for publication | synonyms=publish | examples=How many books did Georges Simenon write?; She published 25 books during her long career
4. sense_key=write%2:32:08:: | definition=communicate (with) in writing | synonyms=drop a line | examples=Write her soon, please!
5. sense_key=write%2:32:01:: | definition=communicate by letter | examples=He wrote that he would be coming soon
6. sense_key=write%2:36:04:: | definition=write music | synonyms=compose | examples=Beethoven composed nine symphonies
7. sense_key=write%2:36:01:: | definition=mark or trace on a surface | examples=The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper; Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet
8. sense_key=write%2:32:03:: | definition=record data on a computer | synonyms=save | examples=boot-up instructions are written on the hard disk
9. sense_key=write%2:36:03:: | definition=write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word) | synonyms=spell | examples=He spelled the word wrong in this letter
10. sense_key=write%2:36:10:: | definition=create code, write a computer program | examples=She writes code faster than anybody else

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The sentence "Another women <t>wrote</t> from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two men die, bless them." clearly indicates that the woman is composing a written response or letter expressing her opinion. This aligns with the definition of "write" as "communicate or express by writing." Therefore, the best sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: say
Context:
They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to <t>say</t> that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two men die, bless them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for the word "say" in the given context, we analyze the sentence:

> "Another women wrote from Sheffield to <t>say</t> that in her 60 years of ringing, 'I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two men die, bless them.'"

The word "say" here is used to introduce a statement or opinion made by the woman from Sheffield. She is expressing her personal experience and observation about fainting and deaths among ringers. This aligns with the definition of "say" as **express in words** or **state** something, which involves conveying a personal view or fact.

Reviewing the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=say%2:32:00::** - *definition=express in words; synonyms=state, tell; examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you.*
   This matches the context perfectly, as the woman is stating her personal experience.

2. Other senses (e.g., sense_key=say%2:32:01::, sense_key=say%2:32:03::, etc.) involve reporting allegations, suppositions, instructions, or non-verbal communication, which do not fit the straightforward statement of personal experience in this context.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is **sense_key=say%2:32:00::**.

**Answer:**

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 <t>years</t> of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two men die, bless them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context refers to "in her 60 <t>years</t> of ringing," which clearly indicates a duration of time measured in years, specifically a person's lifespan or experience over a span of years. This aligns with the definition of a year as a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days, used to describe a span of time. Therefore, the most appropriate sense is:

**sense_key=year%1:28:01::** (a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days)

Thus, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: never
Target surface form: never
Context:
They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have <t>never</t> known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two men die, bless them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=never%4:02:00:: | definition=not ever; at no time in the past or future | synonyms=ne'er | examples=I have never been to China; I shall never forget this day
2. sense_key=never%4:02:01:: | definition=not at all; certainly not; not in any circumstances | examples=never fear; bringing up children is never easy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The sentence "I have <t>never</t> known a lady to faint in the belfry." uses "never" to express that, throughout the speaker's 60 years of experience, there has been no instance of a lady fainting in the belfry. This aligns with the sense of "not ever; at no time in the past or future," which is captured by the first candidate sense (sense_key=never%4:02:00::). The second sense, which conveys "not at all; certainly not," does not fit as well because the context is about a lack of any past occurrences rather than a categorical impossibility.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: known
Context:
They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never <t>known</t> a lady to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two men die, bless them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The sentence "I have never <t>known</t> a lady to faint in the belfry." is expressing a personal experience or observation about the rarity of a specific event (a lady fainting in the belfry). The verb "known" here is used to convey firsthand experience or awareness of the fact that such an event has never occurred to the speaker's knowledge. This aligns with the sense of "know" that involves having firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations—i.e., experiencing or being aware of something directly.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lady
Target surface form: lady
Context:
They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a <t>lady</t> to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two men die, bless them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lady%1:18:02:: | definition=a polite name for any woman | examples=a nice lady at the library helped me
2. sense_key=lady%1:18:01:: | definition=a woman of refinement | synonyms=dame, madam, ma'am, gentlewoman | examples=a chauffeur opened the door of the limousine for the grand lady
3. sense_key=lady%1:18:00:: | definition=a woman of the peerage in Britain | synonyms=noblewoman, peeress

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "lady" in the given context, we analyze the surrounding text:

- The sentence: *"I have never known a <t>lady</t> to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two men die, bless them."*
- The context involves a discussion about gender roles and experiences of women (ringers) in a male-dominated group, specifically mentioning fainting in the belfry.

**Analysis of Candidate Senses:**

1. **Sense 1: "a polite name for any woman"**
   - This sense is broad and generic, referring to any woman in a polite manner.
   - The context does not specifically imply a generic reference to any woman; rather, it contrasts women with men in a specific activity (bell-ringing).

2. **Sense 2: "a woman of refinement"**
   - This sense suggests a woman of high social standing or refinement.
   - The context does not mention any social refinement or status; it focuses on physical endurance and gender roles in a practical setting (belfry).

3. **Sense 3: "a woman of the peerage in Britain"**
   - This sense refers specifically to a woman belonging to the British peerage (noblewoman or peeress).
   - The context does not mention nobility or peerage; it is about ordinary women (ringers) and their experiences.

**Conclusion:**
The most fitting sense is **Sense 1: "a polite name for any woman"**, as it aligns with the general, non-specific reference to women in the context of contrasting their experiences with men in the belfry. The other senses are too specific or irrelevant to the context provided.

**Final Answer:**
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: belfry
Target surface form: belfry
Context:
They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the <t>belfry</t>. I have seen one or two men die, bless them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belfry%1:06:01:: | definition=a bell tower; usually stands alone unattached to a building | synonyms=campanile
2. sense_key=belfry%1:06:00:: | definition=a room (often at the top of a tower) where bells are hung

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context describes a situation where a woman ringer mentions that "I have never known a lady to faint in the <t>belfry</t>." This indicates that "belfry" refers to the space where the bells are rung, which aligns with the definition of a room (often at the top of a tower) where bells are hung. Therefore, the best indexed sense is the second one.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: see
Target surface form: seen
Context:
The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have <t>seen</t> one or two men die, bless them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=see%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight | examples=You have to be a good observer to see all the details; Can you see the bird in that tree?
2. sense_key=see%2:31:01:: | definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realize, realise | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point
3. sense_key=see%2:39:02:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
4. sense_key=see%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind | synonyms=visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy, figure | examples=I can't see him on horseback!; I can see what will happen
5. sense_key=see%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=consider, reckon, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
6. sense_key=see%2:31:02:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
7. sense_key=see%2:39:03:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=watch, view, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
8. sense_key=see%2:38:00:: | definition=come together | synonyms=meet, run into, encounter, run across, come across | examples=I'll probably see you at the meeting; How nice to see you again!
9. sense_key=see%2:32:00:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
10. sense_key=see%2:31:03:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
11. sense_key=see%2:41:11:: | definition=go to see for professional or business reasons | examples=You should see a lawyer; We had to see a psychiatrist
12. sense_key=see%2:41:12:: | definition=go to see for a social visit | examples=I went to see my friend Mary the other day
13. sense_key=see%2:41:10:: | definition=go to see a place, as for entertainment | synonyms=visit | examples=We went to see the Eiffel Tower in the morning
14. sense_key=see%2:41:14:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=attend, take care, look | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
15. sense_key=see%2:35:09:: | definition=receive as a specified guest | examples=the doctor will see you now; The minister doesn't see anybody before noon
16. sense_key=see%2:41:00:: | definition=date regularly; have a steady relationship with | synonyms=go steady, go out, date | examples=Did you know that she is seeing an older man?; He is dating his former wife again!
17. sense_key=see%2:39:05:: | definition=see and understand, have a good eye | examples=The artist must first learn to see
18. sense_key=see%2:31:08:: | definition=deliberate or decide | examples=See whether you can come tomorrow; let's see--which movie should we see tonight?
19. sense_key=see%2:39:11:: | definition=observe as if with an eye | examples=The camera saw the burglary and recorded it
20. sense_key=see%2:39:13:: | definition=observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect | synonyms=examine | examples=The customs agent examined the baggage; I must see your passport before you can enter the country
21. sense_key=see%2:39:12:: | definition=go or live through | synonyms=experience, go through | examples=We had many trials to go through; he saw action in Viet Nam
22. sense_key=see%2:38:03:: | definition=accompany or escort | synonyms=escort | examples=I'll see you to the door
23. sense_key=see%2:33:00:: | definition=match or meet | examples=I saw the bet of one of my fellow players
24. sense_key=see%2:31:13:: | definition=make sense of; assign a meaning to | synonyms=interpret, construe | examples=What message do you see in this letter?; How do you interpret his behavior?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The sentence "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have <t>seen</t> one or two men die, bless them." clearly uses "seen" to indicate that the speaker has personally witnessed or observed the event of men dying in the belfry. This aligns with the sense of "perceive or be contemporaneous with" (witness, find), which is captured by sense_key=see%2:39:02::. Therefore, the best indexed sense is the third sense in the list.

The appropriate JSON response is:

```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: man
Target surface form: men
Context:
The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two <t>men</t> die, bless them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=man%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman) | synonyms=adult male | examples=there were two women and six men on the bus
2. sense_key=man%1:18:03:: | definition=someone who serves in the armed forces; a member of a military force | synonyms=serviceman, military man, military personnel | examples=two men stood sentry duty
3. sense_key=man%1:18:04:: | definition=the generic use of the word to refer to any human being | examples=it was every man for himself
4. sense_key=man%1:05:01:: | definition=any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage | synonyms=homo, human being, human
5. sense_key=man%1:18:08:: | definition=a male subordinate | examples=the chief stationed two men outside the building; he awaited word from his man in Havana
6. sense_key=man%1:18:06:: | definition=an adult male person who has a manly character (virile and courageous competent) | examples=the army will make a man of you
7. sense_key=man%1:18:05:: | definition=a manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer | synonyms=valet, valet de chambre, gentleman, gentleman's gentleman | examples=Jeeves was Bertie Wooster's man
8. sense_key=man%1:18:07:: | definition=a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman | examples=she takes good care of her man
9. sense_key=man%1:15:00:: | definition=one of the British Isles in the Irish Sea | synonyms=Isle of Man
10. sense_key=man%1:06:00:: | definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | synonyms=piece | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board; he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage
11. sense_key=man%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=world, human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context describes a bell-ringing group that is male-only, with references to "men" in the context of male bell-ringers and their physical characteristics. The word "men" here clearly refers to adult males participating in the activity, fitting the definition of "an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)." This aligns with the first candidate sense.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: die
Target surface form: die
Context:
The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two men <t>die</t>, bless them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=die%2:30:00:: | definition=pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life | synonyms=decease, perish, go, exit, pass away, expire | examples=She died from cancer; The children perished in the fire
2. sense_key=die%2:39:00:: | definition=suffer or face the pain of death | examples=Martyrs may die every day for their faith
3. sense_key=die%2:37:00:: | definition=be brought to or as if to the point of death by an intense emotion such as embarrassment, amusement, or shame | examples=I was dying with embarrassment when my little lie was discovered; We almost died laughing during the show
4. sense_key=die%2:30:04:: | definition=stop operating or functioning | synonyms=fail, go bad, give way, give out, conk out, go | examples=The engine finally went; The car died on the road
5. sense_key=die%2:37:03:: | definition=feel indifferent towards | examples=She died to worldly things and eventually entered a monastery
6. sense_key=die%2:37:01:: | definition=languish as with love or desire | examples=She dying for a cigarette; I was dying to leave
7. sense_key=die%2:35:00:: | definition=cut or shape with a die | synonyms=die out | examples=Die out leather for belts
8. sense_key=die%2:33:00:: | definition=to be on base at the end of an inning, of a player
9. sense_key=die%2:30:05:: | definition=lose sparkle or bouquet | synonyms=pall, become flat | examples=wine and beer can pall
10. sense_key=die%2:30:01:: | definition=disappear or come to an end | examples=Their anger died; My secret will die with me!
11. sense_key=die%2:30:02:: | definition=suffer spiritual death; be damned (in the religious sense) | examples=Whosoever..believes in me shall never die

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The sentence "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two men <t>die</t>, bless them." clearly uses "die" to describe the death of men while ringing, which aligns with the sense of "pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life." This matches sense_key=die%2:30:00::.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medical
Target surface form: Medical
Context:
<t>Medical</t> scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medical%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the study or practice of medicine | examples=the medical profession; a medical student
2. sense_key=medical%3:00:00:: | definition=requiring or amenable to treatment by medicine especially as opposed to surgery | examples=medical treatment; pneumonia is a medical disease
3. sense_key=medical%3:01:02:: | definition=of or belonging to Aesculapius or the healing art | synonyms=aesculapian

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context describes "Medical scientists" and their work on genes related to cancer, which aligns with the definition of "medical" as relating to the study or practice of medicine. This matches sense_key=medical%3:01:00::.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```