[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: demand
Target surface form: demands
Context:
No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that <t>demands</t>. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=demand%2:32:00:: | definition=request urgently and forcefully | examples=The victim's family is demanding compensation; The boss demanded that he be fired immediately
2. sense_key=demand%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
3. sense_key=demand%2:32:02:: | definition=claim as due or just | synonyms=exact | examples=The bank demanded payment of the loan
4. sense_key=demand%2:32:09:: | definition=lay legal claim to
5. sense_key=demand%2:32:05:: | definition=summon to court
6. sense_key=demand%2:32:06:: | definition=ask to be informed of | examples=I demand an explanation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] The sentence "Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. 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Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. 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[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 6. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content: The sentence "Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. 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Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. 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Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. Their commitment to 'cre


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: commitment
Target surface form: commitment
Context:
In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their <t>commitment</t> to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=commitment%1:07:01:: | definition=the trait of sincere and steadfast fixity of purpose | synonyms=committedness | examples=a man of energy and commitment
2. sense_key=commitment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action | synonyms=allegiance, loyalty, dedication | examples=his long commitment to public service; they felt no loyalty to a losing team
3. sense_key=commitment%1:04:02:: | definition=an engagement by contract involving financial obligation | examples=his business commitments took him to London
4. sense_key=commitment%1:10:00:: | definition=a message that makes a pledge | synonyms=dedication
5. sense_key=commitment%1:04:01:: | definition=the official act of consigning a person to confinement (as in a prison or mental hospital) | synonyms=committal, consignment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context discusses a "commitment" to "creativity" in education and how this commitment cannot survive certain educational shortcomings. The phrase "their <t>commitment</t> to 'creativity'" suggests a dedication or binding oneself to a particular educational philosophy or course of action, rather than a financial obligation, a formal consignment, or merely a trait of steadfastness. The most fitting sense is therefore the one describing the act of binding oneself intellectually or emotionally to a course of action, which aligns with sense_key=commitment%1:04:00::.

Thus, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survive
Target surface form: survive
Context:
In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not <t>survive</t> adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survive%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
2. sense_key=survive%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) | synonyms=pull through, pull round, come through, make it | examples=He survived the cancer against all odds
3. sense_key=survive%2:42:00:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, live, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
4. sense_key=survive%2:42:03:: | definition=live longer than | synonyms=outlive, outlast | examples=She outlived her husband by many years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The sentence discusses the idea that a commitment to "creativity" in education cannot endure or continue in the face of adolescent illiteracy. The context implies a test of endurance or continuation despite a challenging condition (illiteracy). Among the candidate senses:

1. **continue to live through hardship or adversity** – fits the idea of enduring despite a difficult situation.
2. **continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)** – also fits, emphasizing continuation after an adverse condition.
3. **support oneself** – does not fit the context of "commitment to creativity" facing illiteracy.
4. **live longer than** – does not fit the metaphorical sense used here.

The most appropriate sense is the one that captures the idea of enduring or continuing despite adversity, which aligns with sense 2: **continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)**.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: adolescent
Target surface form: adolescent
Context:
In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive <t>adolescent</t> illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=adolescent%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or peculiar to or suggestive of an adolescent | examples=adolescent problems
2. sense_key=adolescent%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=being of the age 13 through 19 | synonyms=teen, teenage, teenaged | examples=teenage mothers; the teen years
3. sense_key=adolescent%5:00:00:immature:02 | definition=displaying or suggesting a lack of maturity | synonyms=jejune, juvenile, puerile | examples=adolescent insecurity; jejune responses to our problems
4. sense_key=adolescent%5:00:00:immature:01 | definition=in the state of development between puberty and maturity | examples=adolescent boys and girls

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context discusses "adolescent illiteracy" and its impact on education, suggesting a focus on the developmental and maturity aspects of young people rather than merely their age. The phrase "adolescent illiteracy" implies a lack of maturity or readiness in young individuals, aligning with the sense that highlights immaturity. Among the candidate senses, the one that best captures this nuance is:

- **sense_key=adolescent%5:00:00:immature:02**
  - **Definition:** Displaying or suggesting a lack of maturity.
  - **Synonyms:** jejune, juvenile, puerile.
  - **Example:** adolescent insecurity; jejune responses to our problems.

This sense directly addresses the lack of maturity implied by "adolescent illiteracy" and fits the context of discussing the intellectual incompetence of a generation of young people.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: illiteracy
Target surface form: illiteracy
Context:
In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent <t>illiteracy</t>. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=illiteracy%1:09:01:: | definition=ignorance resulting from not reading
2. sense_key=illiteracy%1:09:00:: | definition=an inability to read | synonyms=analphabetism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context describes "illiteracy" in the context of young people's ignorance and intellectual incompetence, emphasizing that this state cannot be sustained by a commitment to creativity. The phrase "adolescent <t>illiteracy</t>" is used to denote a lack of ability to read, which directly aligns with the definition of an inability to read. The synonym "analphabetism" further supports this interpretation. Therefore, the most appropriate sense is the one that defines illiteracy as an inability to read.

The best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: american
Target surface form: American
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. <t>American</t> education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=american%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to the United States of America or its people or language or culture | examples=American citizens; American English
2. sense_key=american%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or characteristic of the continents and islands of the Americas | examples=the American hemisphere; American flora and fauna

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context discusses "American education," referring specifically to the educational system within the United States of America. This aligns with the definition of the first candidate sense, which pertains to the United States of America or its people, language, or culture. The second sense, relating to the continents and islands of the Americas, is too broad and does not fit the specific discussion of U.S. education.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is the first one.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American <t>education</t>'s future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context discusses "education" in terms of its role in providing knowledge and skill through instruction and teaching, contrasting it with romantic notions of creativity. The focus is on the traditional, common-sense approach to education that parents desire for their children, emphasizing the acquisition of knowledge and skill rather than the institution itself or social upbringing. This aligns closely with the definition of **knowledge acquired by learning and instruction**.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: future
Target surface form: future
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's <t>future</t> will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=future%1:28:00:: | definition=the time yet to come | synonyms=hereafter, futurity, time to come
2. sense_key=future%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future | synonyms=future tense
3. sense_key=future%1:06:00:: | definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context discusses the "future" of American education, focusing on how common sense regarding education will influence its trajectory. This usage refers to the time yet to come, specifically the upcoming state of education, rather than a grammatical tense or a commodity contract. Therefore, the most appropriate sense is the one describing "the time yet to come."

The best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: determine
Target surface form: determined
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be <t>determined</t> by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=determine%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=find, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
2. sense_key=determine%2:31:02:: | definition=shape or influence; give direction to | synonyms=shape, mold, influence, regulate | examples=experience often determines ability; mold public opinion
3. sense_key=determine%2:31:01:: | definition=fix conclusively or authoritatively | synonyms=set | examples=set the rules
4. sense_key=determine%2:32:03:: | definition=decide upon or fix definitely | synonyms=specify, set, define, fix, limit | examples=fix the variables; specify the parameters
5. sense_key=determine%2:31:00:: | definition=reach, make, or come to a decision about something | synonyms=decide, make up one's mind | examples=We finally decided after lengthy deliberations
6. sense_key=determine%2:31:03:: | definition=fix in scope; fix the boundaries of | examples=the tree determines the border of the property
7. sense_key=determine%2:32:05:: | definition=settle conclusively; come to terms | synonyms=settle, square off, square up | examples=We finally settled the argument
8. sense_key=determine%2:32:01:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=check, find out, see, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "determined" in the given context, we analyze the surrounding text:

> "American education's future will be **determined** by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share."

The sentence suggests that the future of American education will be **decided** or **fixed** based on whether common sense prevails over certain illusions. This aligns with the idea of establishing a decision or outcome after consideration, rather than merely shaping or influencing something.

Examining the candidate senses:

1. **determine:32:00** – Establish after calculation/investigation. This is too specific to research processes.
2. **determine:31:02** – Shape or influence. The context is about deciding a future, not shaping.
3. **determine:31:01** – Fix conclusively or authoritatively. This matches the idea of a decisive outcome.
4. **determine:32:03** – Decide upon or fix definitely. This is very close, emphasizing a definitive decision.
5. **determine:31:00** – Reach a decision about something. This is broad but fits the context.
6. **determine:31:03** – Fix boundaries. Not relevant here.
7. **determine:32:05** – Settle conclusively. Similar to sense 4 but more about final resolution.
8. **determine:32:01** – Find out with certainty. Too focused on discovery.

The context emphasizes a decisive factor influencing the future, which best fits **sense_key=determine%2:32:03** (decide upon or fix definitely). This sense captures the idea of a definitive decision being made based on the prevailing of common sense.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: degree
Target surface form: degree
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the <t>degree</t> to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | synonyms=academic degree | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree; a second degree burn

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The sentence discusses the extent to which common sense should prevail over certain educational illusions, using the phrase "the <t>degree</t> to which." This usage refers to the **extent or measure** of something, aligning with the sense of "degree" meaning "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality." The context does not pertain to academic awards, temperature, angles, or the seriousness of crimes, making sense 1 the most appropriate.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: allow
Target surface form: allow
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- <t>allow</t> this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=allow%2:41:00:: | definition=make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen | synonyms=let, permit | examples=This permits the water to rush in; This sealed door won't allow the water come into the basement
2. sense_key=allow%2:32:00:: | definition=consent to, give permission | synonyms=permit, let, countenance | examples=She permitted her son to visit her estranged husband; I won't let the police search her basement
3. sense_key=allow%2:40:00:: | definition=let have | synonyms=grant | examples=grant permission; Mandela was allowed few visitors in prison
4. sense_key=allow%2:31:01:: | definition=give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause | synonyms=appropriate, earmark, set aside, reserve | examples=I will earmark this money for your research; She sets aside time for meditation every day
5. sense_key=allow%2:42:00:: | definition=make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain | synonyms=leave, allow for, provide | examples=This leaves no room for improvement; The evidence allows only one conclusion
6. sense_key=allow%2:31:00:: | definition=allow or plan for a certain possibility; concede the truth or validity of something | synonyms=take into account | examples=I allow for this possibility; The seamstress planned for 5% shrinkage after the first wash
7. sense_key=allow%2:42:07:: | definition=afford possibility | synonyms=admit | examples=This problem admits of no solution; This short story allows of several different interpretations
8. sense_key=allow%2:41:01:: | definition=allow the other (baseball) team to score | synonyms=give up | examples=give up a run
9. sense_key=allow%2:40:01:: | definition=grant as a discount or in exchange | examples=The camera store owner allowed me $50 on my old camera
10. sense_key=allow%2:32:06:: | definition=allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting | synonyms=permit, tolerate | examples=We don't allow dogs here; Children are not permitted beyond this point

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense of "allow" in the given context, we analyze the sentence:

> "It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- **allow** this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way."

**Contextual Analysis:**
- The phrase "allow this common sense to prevail" suggests giving permission or consent for common sense to dominate over prevailing illusions.
- The context involves a decision or permission regarding the implementation of common sense in education, opposing romanticized notions of creativity.

**Synonym and Example Matching:**
- **Synonyms**: "permit," "let," "countenance" align with the idea of granting permission.
- **Examples**: "She permitted her son to visit her estranged husband; I won't let the police search her basement" illustrate granting permission or consent.

**Sense Evaluation:**
1. **sense_key=allow%2:41:00::** (make it possible through a specific action or lack of action) – focuses on enabling something to happen, which is less precise for the permission aspect.
2. **sense_key=allow%2:32:00::** (consent to, give permission) – directly matches the idea of permitting common sense to prevail, aligning with synonyms like "permit" and "let."
3. **sense_key=allow%2:40:00::** (let have) – pertains to granting something, but less specific to the permission context.
4. **sense_key=allow%2:31:01::** (give or assign a resource) – unrelated to the permission theme.
5. **sense_key=allow%2:42:00::** (make a possibility or provide opportunity) – broader, but not as precise as granting permission.
6. **sense_key=allow%2:31:00::** (concede the truth or validity) – involves conceding, which is slightly different from granting permission.
7. **sense_key=allow%2:42:07::** (afford possibility) – similar to sense 5, less specific.
8. **sense_key=allow%2:41:01::** (allow the other team to score) – baseball-specific, irrelevant.
9. **sense_key=allow%2:40:01::** (grant as a discount) – unrelated.
10. **sense_key=allow%2:32:06::** (allow the presence of or permit without opposing) – close, but the context emphasizes granting permission for common sense to prevail, which is more directly captured by sense 2.

**Conclusion:**
The best-fitting sense is **sense_key=allow%2:32:00::**, which defines "allow" as "consent to, give permission," aligning perfectly with the context of permitting common sense to dominate.

**Final Answer:**
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prevail
Target surface form: prevail
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to <t>prevail</t> over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevail%2:42:02:: | definition=be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance | synonyms=predominate, dominate, rule, reign | examples=Money reigns supreme here; Hispanics predominate in this neighborhood
2. sense_key=prevail%2:42:01:: | definition=be valid, applicable, or true | synonyms=hold, obtain | examples=This theory still holds
3. sense_key=prevail%2:42:00:: | definition=continue to exist | synonyms=persist, die hard, run, endure | examples=These stories die hard; The legend of Elvis endures
4. sense_key=prevail%2:33:00:: | definition=prove superior | synonyms=triumph | examples=The champion prevailed, though it was a hard fight
5. sense_key=prevail%2:32:02:: | definition=use persuasion successfully | examples=He prevailed upon her to visit his parents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense of "prevail" in the given context, we analyze the sentence:

> "Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to **prevail** over the illusions that we also share."

**Contextual Analysis:**
- The sentence discusses the competition between "common sense" and "illusions" in the context of education.
- The phrase "allow this common sense to **prevail** over the illusions" suggests a struggle where one idea (common sense) is expected to become dominant or more influential than another (illusions).

**Synonym and Example Matching:**
1. **Sense 1:** "be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance" (synonyms: predominate, dominate, rule, reign)
   - Matches the idea of common sense becoming dominant over illusions.
   - Example: "Money reigns supreme here; Hispanics predominate in this neighborhood" aligns with the notion of one factor outweighing another.

2. **Sense 2:** "be valid, applicable, or true" (synonyms: hold, obtain)
   - Less fitting, as the context is about dominance, not validity.

3. **Sense 3:** "continue to exist" (synonyms: persist, die hard, run, endure)
   - Does not fit, as the context is about influence, not persistence.

4. **Sense 4:** "prove superior" (synonyms: triumph)
   - While related to superiority, it emphasizes a victory in a contest, which is less precise than the idea of common sense becoming the prevailing influence.

5. **Sense 5:** "use persuasion successfully" (example: "He prevailed upon her to visit his parents")
   - Involves persuasion, which is not the primary focus here.

**Conclusion:**
The context clearly indicates a competition where "common sense" is expected to become the dominant influence over "illusions." This aligns best with **Sense 1**, which defines "prevail" as being larger in number, quantity, power, status, or importance, and is supported by the synonyms "predominate" and "dominate."

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: illusion
Target surface form: illusions
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the <t>illusions</t> that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=illusion%1:09:01:: | definition=an erroneous mental representation | synonyms=semblance
2. sense_key=illusion%1:09:00:: | definition=something many people believe that is false | synonyms=fantasy, phantasy, fancy | examples=they have the illusion that I am very wealthy
3. sense_key=illusion%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of deluding; deception by creating illusory ideas | synonyms=delusion, head game
4. sense_key=illusion%1:04:02:: | definition=an illusory feat; considered magical by naive observers | synonyms=magic trick, conjuring trick, trick, magic, legerdemain, conjuration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The sentence discusses "illusions" in the context of beliefs and misconceptions shared by people, particularly regarding education. The phrase "allow this common sense to prevail over the <t>illusions</t> that we also share" suggests that these "illusions" are false beliefs or misconceptions held by many. This aligns with the definition of an "illusion" as something many people believe that is false, and the associated synonyms like "fantasy" and "fancy." Therefore, the best sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: share
Target surface form: share
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also <t>share</t>. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=share%2:42:00:: | definition=have in common | examples=Our children share a love of music; The two countries share a long border
2. sense_key=share%2:40:02:: | definition=use jointly or in common
3. sense_key=share%2:40:01:: | definition=have, give, or receive a share of | synonyms=partake, partake in | examples=We shared the cake
4. sense_key=share%2:40:00:: | definition=give out as one's portion or share | synonyms=divvy up, portion out, apportion, deal
5. sense_key=share%2:32:00:: | definition=communicate | examples=I'd like to share this idea with you

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The sentence "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. **The** education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way." uses "share" to indicate that the education establishment and others "also share" the same illusions. This implies that they **have in common** these illusions, which aligns with the definition "have in common." Among the candidate senses, this corresponds to:

- **sense_key=share%2:42:00::** definition=have in common; examples=Our children share a love of music; The two countries share a long border.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is the one that means "have in common."

**Answer:**
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The <t>education</t> establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context discusses "creativity in education," the contrast between romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction and the desire for a "decent education as traditionally understood," and the role of the "education establishment." The focus is on the process and outcomes of learning and instruction rather than the profession itself or the administrative department. The phrase "their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy" emphasizes the importance of foundational learning, aligning with the idea of the gradual acquisition of knowledge through education.

Given this, the most appropriate sense is:

**definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge**

Thus, the best indexed sense is sense number 3.

```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: establishment
Target surface form: establishment
Context:
The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education <t>establishment</t> will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=establishment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, formation, organization, organisation | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation
2. sense_key=establishment%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization founded and united for a specific purpose | synonyms=institution
3. sense_key=establishment%1:14:02:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
4. sense_key=establishment%1:06:00:: | definition=a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence
5. sense_key=establishment%1:14:01:: | definition=any large organization
6. sense_key=establishment%1:22:00:: | definition=(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat | synonyms=ecesis
7. sense_key=establishment%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof | synonyms=validation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context refers to "the education establishment" as a body or group of people responsible for administering or governing education. This aligns with the definition of "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something." Therefore, the best sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fight
Target surface form: fight
Context:
The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will <t>fight</t> against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fight%2:33:00:: | definition=be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight | synonyms=contend, struggle | examples=the tribesmen fought each other; Siblings are always fighting
2. sense_key=fight%2:33:01:: | definition=fight against or resist strongly | synonyms=oppose, fight back, fight down, defend | examples=The senator said he would oppose the bill; Don't fight it!
3. sense_key=fight%2:41:00:: | definition=make a strenuous or labored effort | synonyms=struggle | examples=She struggled for years to survive without welfare; He fought for breath
4. sense_key=fight%2:41:10:: | definition=exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for | synonyms=crusade, press, campaign, push, agitate | examples=The liberal party pushed for reforms; She is crusading for women's rights

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The sentence "The education establishment will <t>fight</t> against common sense every inch of the way." suggests that the "fight" is an active resistance or opposition to something (common sense) rather than a physical combat or a strenuous effort in a different context. The phrase "fight against" aligns closely with the definition of resisting strongly, and the synonym "oppose" further supports this interpretation. Therefore, the best sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reasons
Context:
It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The <t>reasons</t> are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "reasons" in the given context, we analyze the surrounding text:

> "The <t>reasons</t> are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education" (as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."

The sentence suggests that there are multiple factors (reasons) contributing to the opposition of the education establishment to common sense. The phrase "one simple reason ought not to be underestimated" indicates that the author is pointing out a specific justification or cause for this opposition.

Let's evaluate the candidate senses:

1. **Sense 1**: A rational motive for a belief or action. This fits well with the idea of a justification or cause.
2. **Sense 2**: An explanation of the cause of some phenomenon. This is close but more about explaining a phenomenon rather than listing multiple justifications.
3. **Sense 3**: The capacity for rational thought or inference. This does not fit because "reasons" is plural and refers to causes, not the capacity itself.
4. **Sense 4**: The state of having good sense and sound judgment. This is too abstract and does not directly relate to listing causes.
5. **Sense 5**: A justification for something existing or happening. This aligns well with the context of listing causes or justifications for the opposition.
6. **Sense 6**: A fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion. This is similar to Sense 5 but more focused on a single logical justification, whereas the context mentions multiple reasons.

Given the context, the most appropriate sense is **Sense 5**, which defines "reason" as a justification for something existing or happening, matching the idea of listing multiple justifications (reasons) for the opposition to common sense in education.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: simple
Target surface form: simple
Context:
It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one <t>simple</t> reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: | definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples=a simple problem; simple mechanisms
2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 | definition=easy and not involved or complicated | synonyms=elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic | examples=an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson
3. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 | definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | synonyms=bare, mere | examples=only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea
4. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00 | definition=exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity | synonyms=childlike, wide-eyed, round-eyed, dewy-eyed | examples=childlike trust; dewy-eyed innocence
5. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00 | definition=lacking mental capacity and subtlety | synonyms=dim-witted, simple-minded
6. sense_key=simple%3:00:01:: | definition=(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions | synonyms=unsubdivided
7. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=unornamented | examples=a simple country schoolhouse; her black dress--simple to austerity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "simple" in the given context, we analyze the surrounding text:

> "The reasons are complex, but one **simple** reason ought not to be underestimated."

The context suggests that the word "simple" is being used to describe a reason that is straightforward or uncomplicated, contrasting with the preceding mention of "complex" reasons. This aligns with the idea of something being easy and not involved or complicated.

Examining the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=simple%3:00:02::** - Refers to having few parts; not complex or complicated. This is close but focuses more on structural simplicity rather than ease.
2. **sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01** - Defined as easy and not involved or complicated, with synonyms like elementary, uncomplicated, and unproblematic. This directly matches the context of a straightforward reason.
3. **sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01** - Refers to being apart from anything else without additions or modifications, which doesn't fit the context.
4. **sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00** - Describes childlike simplicity and credulity, which is irrelevant here.
5. **sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00** - Suggests lacking mental capacity, which is inappropriate.
6. **sense_key=simple%3:00:01::** - Pertains to botanical leaf shapes, unrelated.
7. **sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01** - Refers to unornamented, which doesn't capture the intended meaning.

The best fit is **sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01**, as it captures the idea of a straightforward, uncomplicated reason.

Therefore, the sense index is 3.

```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reason
Context:
It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple <t>reason</t> ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
To determine the best sense for "reason" in the given context, we analyze the surrounding text:

> "The reasons are complex, but one simple **reason** ought not to be underestimated. 'Progressive education' (as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."

The sentence suggests that "reason" is being used to refer to a **cause or justification** for why progressive education is preferred by teachers over disciplined instruction. The phrase "one simple reason" implies a straightforward explanation or justification for this preference.

Let's evaluate the candidate senses:

1. **Sense 1**: "a rational motive for a belief or action" - This fits well, as it describes a motive or justification for a belief (that progressive education is preferable).
2. **Sense 2**: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon" - This is close, but it emphasizes the explanation of a cause rather than the motive behind a belief.
3. **Sense 3**: "the capacity for rational thought or inference" - This does not fit, as the context is about a specific justification, not about the capacity for reasoning.
4. **Sense 4**: "the state of having good sense and sound judgment" - This does not fit, as the context is about a specific reason, not about general good sense.
5. **Sense 5**: "a justification for something existing or happening" - This aligns closely with the idea of a simple justification for why progressive education is more appealing to teachers.
6. **Sense 6**: "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion" - This is similar to Sense 1 but more formal; however, the context seems to lean more towards a straightforward justification rather than a formal logical justification.

Given the context, **Sense 5** ("a justification for something existing or happening") best captures the intended meaning of "reason" as a simple justification for the preference of progressive education over disciplined instruction.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: progressive
Target surface form: Progressive
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "<t>Progressive</t> education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=progressive%3:00:01:: | definition=favoring or promoting progress | examples=progressive schools
2. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:liberal:00 | definition=favoring or promoting reform (often by government action) | synonyms=reformist, reform-minded
3. sense_key=progressive%3:00:02:: | definition=(of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases
4. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:increasing:00 | definition=gradually advancing in extent
5. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:ordered:00 | definition=(of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections for which the participants successively change place or relative position | examples=progressive euchre; progressive tournaments
6. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:active:02 | definition=advancing in severity | examples=progressive paralysis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context discusses "Progressive education" and contrasts it with disciplined instruction, highlighting that teachers find progressive education more appealing because it emphasizes "personality development" and avoids tests. This aligns with the sense of "progressive" meaning favoring or promoting reform, often by government action, which is captured by the sense "favoring or promoting reform (often by government action)".

Therefore, the best indexed sense is:

```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive <t>education</t> "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
The context discusses "education" in terms of the activities and processes involved in teaching and learning, as well as the implications for future educational practices and the resistance from the education establishment. The focus is on the *process* of acquiring knowledge and skills through instruction, rather than the institution itself, the knowledge acquired, or the profession of teaching. The phrase "common sense to know what that demands" and "allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions" emphasize the *process* of education as a means to achieve certain outcomes.

Given this, the most appropriate sense is:

**definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge**

Thus, the best indexed sense is sense_key=education%1:09:01::.

The JSON response is:

```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```