[User]
Which numbered sense of "election" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate <t>election</t> turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Senses:
1. definition=a vote to select the winner of a position or political office | examples=the results of the election will be announced tonight
2. definition=the act of selecting someone or something; the exercise of deliberate choice | examples=her election of medicine as a profession
3. definition=the status or fact of being elected | examples=they celebrated his election
4. definition=the predestination of some individuals as objects of divine mercy (especially as conceived by Calvinists)

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "election" (<t>election</t>) is used in the provided context. The output must be *only* the number.

2.  **Examine the Context:** The relevant phrase is: "...the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate <t>election</t>..."

3.  **Determine the Meaning of "election" in Context:**
    *   The context refers to "states conducting a Senate election."
    *   This means the process or event where voters cast ballots to choose a Senator.
    *   It is a vote to select a winner of a political office (Senator).

4.  **Evaluate the Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** definition=a vote to select the winner of a position or political office | examples=the results of the election will be announced tonight. (Matches the context: selecting a Senator.)
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=the act of selecting someone or something; the exercise of deliberate choice | examples=her election of medicine as a profession. (This is about choosing something, not the formal political process.)
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=the status or fact of being elected | examples=they celebrated his election. (This refers to the *result* or *status*, not the *event* of conducting the vote.)
    *   **Sense 4:** definition=the predestination of some individuals as objects of divine mercy... (Irrelevant theological meaning.)

5.  **Select the Correct Sense:** Sense 1 is the correct fit.

6.  **Format the Output:** Return only the number.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "turn_out" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election <t>turns out</t> to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Senses:
1. definition=be shown or be found to be | synonyms=prove, turn up | examples=She proved to be right; The medicine turned out to save her life
2. definition=prove to be in the result or end | examples=It turns out that he was right
3. definition=produce quickly or regularly, usually with machinery | examples=This factory turns out saws
4. definition=result or end | synonyms=come out | examples=How will the game turn out?
5. definition=come, usually in answer to an invitation or summons | examples=How many people turned out that evening?
6. definition=bring forth, | synonyms=bear | examples=The apple tree bore delicious apples this year; The unidentified plant bore gorgeous flowers
7. definition=put out or expel from a place | synonyms=eject, chuck out, exclude, turf out, boot out | examples=The unruly student was excluded from the game
8. definition=come and gather for a public event | examples=Hundreds of thousands turned out for the anti-war rally in New York
9. definition=outfit or equip, as with accessories | examples=The actors were turned out lavishly
10. definition=turn outward | synonyms=splay, spread out, rotate | examples=These birds can splay out their toes; ballet dancers can rotate their legs out by 90 degrees
11. definition=cause to stop operating by disengaging a switch | synonyms=switch off, cut, turn off | examples=Turn off the stereo, please; cut the engine
12. definition=get up and out of bed | synonyms=get up, arise, uprise, rise | examples=I get up at 7 A.M. every day; They rose early

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context sentence:** "Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election <t>turns out</t> to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state..."

2.  **Determine the meaning of "turns out" in this specific context:** The sentence is stating a finding or a result derived from data/analysis. The difference in votes *is found* to be a positive function of the tax burden.

3.  **Examine the provided senses of "turn_out":**

    *   1. definition=be shown or be found to be | synonyms=prove, turn up | examples=She proved to be right; The medicine turned out to save her life
    *   2. definition=prove to be in the result or end | examples=It turns out that he was right
    *   3. definition=produce quickly or regularly, usually with machinery | (Manufacturing)
    *   4. definition=result or end | synonyms=come out | examples=How will the game turn out?
    *   5. definition=come, usually in answer to an invitation or summons | (Attendance)
    *   6. definition=bring forth, | (Biological production)
    *   7. definition=put out or expel from a place | (Ejection)
    *   8. definition=come and gather for a public event | (Attendance)
    *   9. definition=outfit or equip, as with accessories | (Dressing)
    *   10. definition=turn outward | (Direction)
    *   11. definition=cause to stop operating by disengaging a switch | (Switching off)
    *   12. definition=get up and out of bed | (Waking up)

4.  **Match the context meaning to the senses:**
    *   The context means "is found to be" or "is revealed to be."
    *   Sense 1: "be shown or be found to be." This is a perfect match.
    *   Sense 2: "prove to be in the result or end." This is also a very close match, often used interchangeably with Sense 1 in this context (e.g., "It turns out that X is true").

5.  **Refine the choice between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Context: "...the difference... <t>turns out</t> to be a positive function..."
    *   Sense 1: "be shown or be found to be." (The data *shows* the difference *is* a positive function.)
    *   Sense 2: "prove to be in the result or end." (The result *is* that the difference *is* a positive function.)

    Both are highly applicable. However, Sense 1 explicitly uses the phrasing "be shown or be found to be," which directly reflects the analytical nature of the sentence ("An examination... reveals that..."). Sense 2 is slightly more focused on the final outcome/conclusion. Given the options, Sense 1 is the most precise fit for a finding derived from evidence.

6.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "positive" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a <t>positive</t> function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Senses:
1. definition=characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc. | examples=a positive attitude; the reviews were all positive
2. definition=persuaded of; very sure | synonyms=convinced, confident | examples=were convinced that it would be to their advantage to join; I am positive he is lying
3. definition=involving advantage or good | synonyms=plus | examples=a plus (or positive) factor
4. definition=indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen | synonyms=confirming | examples=a positive pregnancy test
5. definition=formally laid down or imposed | synonyms=prescribed | examples=positive laws
6. definition=impossible to deny or disprove | synonyms=incontrovertible, irrefutable | examples=incontrovertible proof of the defendant's innocence; proof positive
7. definition=of or relating to positivism | synonyms=positivist, positivistic | examples=positivist thinkers; positivist doctrine
8. definition=reckoned, situated or tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress or onward motion | examples=positive increase in graduating students
9. definition=greater than zero | examples=positive numbers
10. definition=having a positive charge | synonyms=electropositive, positively charged | examples=protons are positive
11. definition=marked by excessive confidence | synonyms=cocksure, overconfident | examples=an arrogant and cocksure materialist; so overconfident and impudent as to speak to the queen

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The word "positive" appears in the phrase: "the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a <t>positive</t> function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state".

2.  **Analyze the surrounding text/meaning:** The sentence is discussing a relationship (a function) between two variables:
    *   Variable A: The difference in popular votes (GOP presidential vs. Republican senatorial).
    *   Variable B: How onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state.
    *   The relationship is described as a "positive function."

3.  **Determine the meaning of "positive function" in mathematics/statistics:** In this context, "positive function" means that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases (or vice versa, depending on the specific definition, but generally indicating a direct relationship or correlation).

4.  **Examine the provided senses:**
    *   1. affirmation/acceptance (e.g., positive attitude) - *Incorrect.*
    *   2. persuaded/sure (e.g., I am positive) - *Incorrect.*
    *   3. involving advantage/good (e.g., a plus factor) - *Possible, but too general for a mathematical context.*
    *   4. indicating existence (e.g., positive test) - *Incorrect.*
    *   5. formally laid down (e.g., positive laws) - *Incorrect.*
    *   6. impossible to deny (e.g., proof positive) - *Incorrect.*
    *   7. of or relating to positivism - *Incorrect.*
    *   8. reckoned, situated or tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress or onward motion (e.g., positive increase) - *This matches the mathematical/statistical meaning of a positive correlation or function.*
    *   9. greater than zero (e.g., positive numbers) - *This is a mathematical definition, but Sense 8 captures the *directional* meaning (increase/progress) which is more appropriate for describing a function's behavior.*
    *   10. having a positive charge - *Incorrect.*
    *   11. marked by excessive confidence - *Incorrect.*

5.  **Compare Sense 8 and Sense 9:**
    *   Sense 9 ("greater than zero") is a literal numerical definition.
    *   Sense 8 ("reckoned, situated or tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress or onward motion") describes the *behavior* of the function (a positive correlation/slope).

6.  **Conclusion:** Since the context is describing a relationship (a function) where an increase in tax burden leads to an increase in the vote difference, Sense 8 is the most precise fit for the technical usage of "positive" in this statistical/economic context. (Sense 9 is also technically correct if the function's output is positive, but Sense 8 describes the *nature* of the relationship, which is what "positive function" implies here.)

7.  **Final check:** "Positive function" in this context means a positive correlation/slope. Sense 8 defines this directional tendency.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "function" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive <t>function</t> of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Senses:
1. definition=(mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function) | synonyms=mathematical function, single-valued function, map, mapping
2. definition=what something is used for | synonyms=purpose, role, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
3. definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=office, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. definition=a relation such that one thing is dependent on another | examples=height is a function of age; price is a function of supply and demand
5. definition=a formal or official social gathering or ceremony | examples=it was a black-tie function
6. definition=a vaguely specified social event | synonyms=affair, occasion, social occasion, social function | examples=the party was quite an affair; an occasion arranged to honor the president
7. definition=a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program | synonyms=routine, subroutine, subprogram, procedure

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:** The target word is "function" (<t>function</t>). The context is: "Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive <t>function</t> of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state..."

2.  **Examine the grammatical role and meaning in the context:**
    *   The phrase is "the difference... turns out to be a positive function of [X]".
    *   [X] is "how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state."
    *   This structure implies that the "difference in votes" (the dependent variable) is determined or related to the "tax burden" (the independent variable).
    *   The phrase "positive function of" strongly suggests a mathematical or causal relationship where one variable depends on another.

3.  **Evaluate the provided senses:**

    *   **1. definition=(mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function) | synonyms=mathematical function, single-valued function, map, mapping**
        *   *Fit:* Excellent. The structure "A is a function of B" is standard mathematical terminology, meaning A depends on B.

    *   **2. definition=what something is used for | synonyms=purpose, role, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?**
        *   *Fit:* Poor. The context is not about purpose or use.

    *   **3. definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=office, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part**
        *   *Fit:* Poor. The context is not about roles or duties.

    *   **4. definition=a relation such that one thing is dependent on another | examples=height is a function of age; price is a function of supply and demand**
        *   *Fit:* Very good. This is a broader, non-technical definition of dependency, which perfectly captures the meaning in the sentence ("difference... is a function of tax burden"). It aligns closely with the concept in Sense 1, but is less strictly mathematical.

    *   **5. definition=a formal or official social gathering or ceremony | examples=it was a black-tie function**
        *   *Fit:* Poor. Irrelevant.

    *   **6. definition=a vaguely specified social event | synonyms=affair, occasion, social occasion, social function | examples=the party was quite an affair; an occasion arranged to honor the president**
        *   *Fit:* Poor. Irrelevant.

    *   **7. definition=a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program | synonyms=routine, subroutine, subprogram, procedure**
        *   *Fit:* Poor. Irrelevant (computer science context).

4.  **Compare the best fits (1 and 4):**
    *   Sense 1 is the precise mathematical definition.
    *   Sense 4 is the conceptual definition of dependency, using examples that mirror the context (e.g., "height is a function of age").
    *   Since the sentence is discussing a relationship between variables (votes and tax burden) in a statistical/economic manner, both 1 and 4 are technically correct. However, Sense 4 provides the most accessible and direct definition of the *relationship* being described, which is often how this term is used outside of pure mathematics. Sense 1 is the formal definition. Given the options, Sense 4 captures the essence of "dependency" most clearly, and its example structure ("A is a function of B") is identical to the context.

5.  **Final Selection:** Sense 4 is the most appropriate fit for the conceptual meaning of dependency presented in the sentence. (Although Sense 1 is also technically correct, Sense 4 is the definition of the *relationship* itself.)


[User]
Which numbered sense of "burden" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax <t>burden</t> is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Senses:
1. definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "burden" is used in the provided context. The output must be only the number.

2.  **Locate the target word and context:** The word is "burden" (marked with `<t>burden</t>`).
    The surrounding text is: "...the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax <t>burden</t> is per state..."

3.  **Determine the meaning of "burden" in this context:**
    *   The context refers to "the federal government's tax burden."
    *   The sentence describes how the severity of this tax burden affects voter preference (specifically, how "onerous" it is).
    *   "Onerous" means involving a great deal of effort, trouble, or difficulty; burdensome.
    *   Therefore, "tax burden" refers to the weight, load, or difficulty imposed by the tax.

4.  **Evaluate the provided senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind.
        *   *Match check:* "Tax burden" is an onerous/difficult concern (a financial load/encumbrance). This fits well.

    *   **Sense 2:** definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading.
        *   *Match check:* A tax is a financial weight/load that must be borne by the taxpayer. This also fits very well.

    *   **Sense 3:** definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist.
        *   *Match check:* This is abstract/literary. Does not fit "tax burden." (Reject)

    *   **Sense 4:** definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse.
        *   *Match check:* This is abstract/discursive. Does not fit "tax burden." (Reject)

5.  **Refine the choice between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 emphasizes the *difficulty* or *encumbrance* (onerous concern).
    *   Sense 2 emphasizes the *weight* or *load* (physical or metaphorical weight to be borne).
    *   In the phrase "tax burden," both concepts are present. However, the description in Sense 1 ("an onerous or difficult concern") directly aligns with the modifier used in the text ("how **onerous** the federal government's tax burden is"). Sense 1 captures the *nature* of the tax (it is a difficult imposition). Sense 2 captures the *physical/metaphorical nature* of the imposition (it is a load). Since the text explicitly uses "onerous," Sense 1 is the most precise fit for the intended meaning.

6.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1.

7.  **Format the output:** Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "state" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per <t>state</t> -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Senses:
1. definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The word is "state" in the phrase "per <t>state</t> -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-."

2.  **Analyze the surrounding text/meaning:** The sentence discusses how the tax burden (a progressive tax rate) affects different "states." The subsequent phrase clarifies that these are "income states." This strongly suggests that "state" refers to a political or administrative division of the country (likely the US, given the context of US politics, elections, and federal government).

3.  **Evaluate the senses provided:**

    *   1. definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
    *   2. definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health (Incorrect - refers to condition/status)
    *   3. definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax (Incorrect - refers to the governing body/people)
    *   4. definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations (This is a broad definition of a nation/country, but often used interchangeably with the political entity, which might apply, but Sense 1 is more specific to the administrative division.)
    *   5. definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter... (Incorrect - scientific)
    *   6. definition=a state of depression or agitation (Incorrect - emotional/mental condition)
    *   7. definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries (This is very close to Sense 1, focusing on the territory of a nation, but Sense 1 specifically mentions "constituent administrative districts of a nation," which is the precise meaning of a US state.)
    *   8. definition=the federal department in the United States... (Incorrect - Department of State)

4.  **Compare the best candidates (1, 4, 7):**

    *   The context refers to "income states" and the impact of a tax rate within these divisions. This is the definition of a sub-national administrative unit (like a US state).
    *   Sense 1: "the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation." This perfectly matches the meaning of a US state in this context.
    *   Sense 4: "a politically organized body of people under a single government." While a state *is* a body politic, Sense 1 is the more precise definition for the administrative unit being discussed (e.g., "Texas state," not "Texas state body politic").
    *   Sense 7: "the territory occupied by a nation." This usually refers to the entire country (e.g., "the state of France"), not the individual administrative divisions within a larger nation.

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the most accurate fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "progressive" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a <t>progressive</t> tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Senses:
1. definition=favoring or promoting progress | examples=progressive schools
2. definition=favoring or promoting reform (often by government action) | synonyms=reformist, reform-minded
3. definition=(of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases
4. definition=gradually advancing in extent
5. definition=(of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections for which the participants successively change place or relative position | examples=progressive euchre; progressive tournaments
6. definition=advancing in severity | examples=progressive paralysis

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify the correct numbered sense of the word "progressive" (<t>progressive</t>) based on the provided context. The output must be only the number.

2.  **Examine the context sentence:** "An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a <t>progressive</t> tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-."

3.  **Analyze the usage of "progressive" in the context:** The phrase is "a progressive tax rate." The context discusses the "federal government's tax burden" and how this rate affects "higher - income states harder."

4.  **Evaluate the senses:**
    *   1. definition=favoring or promoting progress | examples=progressive schools (General political/social stance) -> *Does not fit "tax rate."*
    *   2. definition=favoring or promoting reform (often by government action) | synonyms=reformist, reform-minded (Political stance) -> *Does not fit "tax rate."*
    *   3. definition=(of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases (Tax structure) -> *Fits perfectly. A tax rate that hits higher-income states/individuals harder is a progressive tax.*
    *   4. definition=gradually advancing in extent (General movement) -> *Does not fit "tax rate."*
    *   5. definition=(of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections... (Specific activity) -> *Irrelevant.*
    *   6. definition=advancing in severity (General increase) -> *While taxes can be severe, this sense is too general and doesn't capture the specific mechanism (rate increasing with income) implied by the context.*

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 3 is the correct definition for "progressive tax rate."

6.  **Final Output Generation:** Return only the number 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "hit" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate <t>hits</t> higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Senses:
1. definition=cause to move by striking | examples=hit a ball
2. definition=hit against; come into sudden contact with | synonyms=strike, impinge on, run into, collide with | examples=The car hit a tree; He struck the table with his elbow
3. definition=deal a blow to, either with the hand or with an instrument | examples=He hit her hard in the face
4. definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, make, attain, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
5. definition=affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely | synonyms=strike | examples=We were hit by really bad weather; He was stricken with cancer when he was still a teenager
6. definition=hit with a missile from a weapon | synonyms=shoot, pip
7. definition=encounter by chance | synonyms=stumble | examples=I stumbled across a long-lost cousin last night in a restaurant
8. definition=gain points in a game | synonyms=score, tally, rack up | examples=The home team scored many times; He hit a home run
9. definition=cause to experience suddenly | synonyms=strike, come to | examples=Panic struck me; An interesting idea hit her
10. definition=make a strategic, offensive, assault against an enemy, opponent, or a target | synonyms=strike | examples=The Germans struck Poland on Sept. 1, 1939; We must strike the enemy's oil fields
11. definition=kill intentionally and with premeditation | synonyms=murder, slay, dispatch, bump off, off, polish off | examples=The mafia boss ordered his enemies murdered
12. definition=drive something violently into a location | synonyms=strike | examples=he hit his fist on the table; she struck her head on the low ceiling
13. definition=reach a point in time, or a certain state or level | synonyms=reach, attain | examples=The thermometer hit 100 degrees; This car can reach a speed of 140 miles per hour
14. definition=produce by manipulating keys or strings of musical instruments, also metaphorically | synonyms=strike | examples=The pianist strikes a middle C; strike `z' on the keyboard
15. definition=consume to excess | examples=hit the bottle
16. definition=hit the intended target or goal
17. definition=pay unsolicited and usually unwanted sexual attention to | examples=He tries to hit on women in bars

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The phrase is "a progressive tax rate <t>hits</t> higher - income states harder -RRB-."
2.  **Determine the meaning of "hits" in this specific sentence:** The sentence means that when the tax rate is higher, it affects or burdens the higher-income states more severely.
3.  **Examine the provided senses:** I need to find a sense that means "affects," "burdens," or "strikes (adversely)."
    *   1. cause to move by striking (Physical action) - No.
    *   2. hit against; come into sudden contact with (Physical contact) - No.
    *   3. deal a blow to (Physical blow) - No.
    *   4. reach a destination (Movement/Attainment) - No.
    *   5. affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely (Negative impact) - Yes. "A progressive tax rate hits higher income states harder" means the tax rate *afflicts* or *affects* them more severely.
    *   6. hit with a missile (Weaponry) - No.
    *   7. encounter by chance (Accident) - No.
    *   8. gain points in a game (Scoring) - No.
    *   9. cause to experience suddenly (Mental/Emotional impact) - Possible, but 5 is more precise for an adverse economic impact.
    *   10. make a strategic, offensive, assault (Military) - No.
    *   11. kill intentionally (Murder) - No.
    *   12. drive something violently into a location (Physical force) - No.
    *   13. reach a point in time, or a certain state or level (Attainment/Level) - No.
    *   14. produce by manipulating keys (Music/Keyboard) - No.
    *   15. consume to excess (Drinking) - No.
    *   16. hit the intended target or goal (Success) - No.
    *   17. pay unsolicited sexual attention (Flirting) - No.
4.  **Confirm the best fit:** Sense 5 ("affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely") perfectly captures the meaning of a tax rate negatively impacting (afflicting) higher-income states more severely.

5.  **Final Answer Selection:** The correct sense is 5.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "high" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits <t>higher</t> - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Senses:
1. definition=greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount | examples=a high temperature; a high price
2. definition=(literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like `knee-high') | examples=a high mountain; high ceilings
3. definition=standing above others in quality or position | synonyms=eminent | examples=people in high places; the high priest
4. definition=used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency | synonyms=high-pitched
5. definition=happy and excited and energetic | synonyms=in high spirits
6. definition=(used of the smell of meat) smelling spoiled or tainted | synonyms=gamey, gamy
7. definition=slightly and pleasantly intoxicated from alcohol or a drug (especially marijuana) | synonyms=mellow

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify the numbered sense of the word "higher" (marked with `<t>higher</t>`) in the provided context. The output must be only the number.

2.  **Locate the target word and context:**
    *   Target word: "higher"
    *   Context sentence: "An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits <t>higher</t> - income states harder -RRB-."

3.  **Determine the meaning of "higher" in this context:**
    *   The sentence discusses the relationship between the "onerousness of the federal government's tax burden per state" and voting patterns.
    *   The specific phrase is "a progressive tax rate hits higher income states harder."
    *   "Higher income states" refers to states where the average or median income level is greater.
    *   Therefore, "higher" is being used to indicate a greater level, amount, or degree of income.

4.  **Evaluate the provided senses:**
    *   1. definition=greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount | examples=a high temperature; a high price
    *   2. definition=(literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension | examples=a high mountain; high ceilings
    *   3. definition=standing above others in quality or position | synonyms=eminent | examples=people in high places; the high priest
    *   4. definition=used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency | synonyms=high-pitched
    *   5. definition=happy and excited and energetic | synonyms=in high spirits
    *   6. definition=(used of the smell of meat) smelling spoiled or tainted | synonyms=gamey, gamy
    *   7. definition=slightly and pleasantly intoxicated from alcohol or a drug | synonyms=mellow

5.  **Match the meaning to the sense:**
    *   The meaning ("greater level/amount of income") perfectly matches Sense 1: "greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount."

6.  **Final check:** The context uses "higher" to mean "greater in amount/level" (income). Sense 1 is the correct match.

7.  **Format the output:** Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "state" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income <t>states</t> harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Senses:
1. definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "state" (marked with `<t>`) is used in the provided context. The output must be only the number.

2.  **Locate the target word:** The target word is "states" (plural of state), marked as `<t>states</t>`.

3.  **Examine the context surrounding the target word:**
    "...a progressive tax rate hits higher - income <t>states</t> harder -RRB-."

4.  **Determine the meaning of "states" in this context:** The sentence is discussing how a progressive tax rate affects different geographical areas (states) based on income levels. This refers to political/administrative divisions of a country (the US).

5.  **Review the provided senses of "state":**

    *   1. definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
    *   2. definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
    *   3. definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
    *   4. definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
    *   5. definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter...
    *   6. definition=a state of depression or agitation
    *   7. definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
    *   8. definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies

6.  **Match the meaning to the senses:**
    *   The context refers to US political divisions (e.g., Texas, California, etc.).
    *   Sense 1: "the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation." This perfectly matches the meaning of US states.
    *   Sense 4: "a politically organized body of people under a single government." While a state is a body politic, Sense 1 is much more specific and accurate for the usage "income states."

7.  **Select the best fit:** Sense 1 is the most precise definition for "states" when referring to administrative divisions within the US.

8.  **Final check:** The context is about tax burden differences across administrative units (states). Sense 1 covers "constituent administrative districts of a nation."

9.  **Formulate the output:** Return only the number 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "put" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. <t>Put</t> more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Senses:
1. definition=put into a certain place or abstract location | synonyms=set, place, pose, position, lay | examples=Put your things here; Set the tray down
2. definition=cause to be in a certain state; cause to be in a certain relation | examples=That song put me in awful good humor; put your ideas in writing
3. definition=formulate in a particular style or language | synonyms=frame, redact, cast, couch | examples=I wouldn't put it that way; She cast her request in very polite language
4. definition=attribute or give | synonyms=assign | examples=She put too much emphasis on her the last statement; He put all his efforts into this job
5. definition=make an investment | synonyms=invest, commit, place | examples=Put money into bonds
6. definition=estimate | synonyms=place, set | examples=We put the time of arrival at 8 P.M.
7. definition=cause (someone) to undergo something | examples=He put her to the torture
8. definition=adapt | examples=put these words to music
9. definition=arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events | synonyms=arrange, set up, order | examples=arrange my schedule; set up one's life

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence containing the target word is: "<t>Put</t> more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."

2.  **Analyze the function of "Put" in the sentence:** The phrase "Put more simply" acts as a transition or introductory phrase, meaning "to state or express in a simpler manner."

3.  **Examine the senses provided:**
    *   1. put into a certain place or abstract location (set, place, position) - *Doesn't fit.*
    *   2. cause to be in a certain state; cause to be in a certain relation - *Possible, but usually implies a change of state (e.g., put me in good humor).*
    *   3. formulate in a particular style or language (frame, redact, cast, couch) - *This aligns perfectly with expressing something in a simpler manner.*
    *   4. attribute or give (assign) - *Doesn't fit.*
    *   5. make an investment (invest, commit, place) - *Doesn't fit.*
    *   6. estimate (place, set) - *Doesn't fit.*
    *   7. cause (someone) to undergo something - *Doesn't fit.*
    *   8. adapt - *Doesn't fit.*
    *   9. arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events (arrange, set up, order) - *This is close, as simplifying involves arranging thoughts, but Sense 3 is more precise for the act of *phrasing* or *stating* something simply.*

4.  **Compare Sense 3 and Sense 9:**
    *   Sense 3: "formulate in a particular style or language" (e.g., "I wouldn't put it that way"). This directly relates to how the information is presented.
    *   Sense 9: "arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events" (e.g., "set up one's life"). This is broader, focusing on organization.

5.  **Conclusion:** "Put more simply" means "state in a simpler formulation." Sense 3, "formulate in a particular style or language," is the best fit.

6.  **Final check:** The required output is only the number. (3)


[User]
Which numbered sense of "candidate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP <t>candidates</t> for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Senses:
1. definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "candidates" (marked with `<t>candidates</t>`) is used in the provided context. The output must be *only* the number of the correct sense.

2.  **Analyze the Context (Focus on the target phrase):**
    The relevant sentence is: "Put more simply, GOP <t>candidates</t> for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."

3.  **Analyze the Target Word and its Usage:**
    *   Word: candidates
    *   Usage: "GOP candidates for president" and "Republican candidates for the Senate."
    *   Contextual meaning: These individuals are running for specific political offices (President, Senator).

4.  **Analyze the Provided Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
    *   Sense 2: definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

5.  **Match the Usage to the Senses:**
    *   The individuals mentioned (GOP candidates for president, Republican candidates for the Senate) are actively running for office.
    *   This perfectly matches Sense 1: "a politician who is running for public office."
    *   While Sense 2 is technically related (they are *considered* for office), the primary and most specific meaning in this political context is that they are *running* or *nominees*, which is Sense 1.

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct sense.

7.  **Format the Output:** Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "president" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for <t>president</t> are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Senses:
1. definition=an executive officer of a firm or corporation
2. definition=the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government | synonyms=President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive | examples=the President likes to jog every morning
3. definition=the chief executive of a republic
4. definition=the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization | synonyms=chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson | examples=address your remarks to the chairperson
5. definition=the head administrative officer of a college or university | synonyms=prexy
6. definition=the office of the United States head of state | synonyms=President of the United States, Chief Executive | examples=a President is elected every four years

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The text discusses political science topics, specifically comparing Democratic and Republican attendance rates in the House and Senate, staffing decisions in the Senate, and the relationship between popular votes for candidates in states conducting a Senate election and the federal tax burden.

2.  **Locate the target word:** The word is "president" (marked with `<t>president</t>`).

3.  **Analyze the surrounding phrase:** "GOP candidates for <t>president</t> are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate..."

4.  **Determine the meaning of "president" in this context:** The context is about candidates running for office at the federal level (House, Senate, and the highest office). The comparison is between candidates for the highest executive office (President) and candidates for the legislative body (Senate).

5.  **Evaluate the senses provided:**
    *   1. an executive officer of a firm or corporation (Irrelevant - corporate context)
    *   2. the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government | synonyms=President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive | examples=the President likes to jog every morning (Highly relevant - refers to the US political office)
    *   3. the chief executive of a republic (General political definition, but Sense 2 is more specific to the US context provided)
    *   4. the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization | synonyms=chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson (Irrelevant - meeting chair)
    *   5. the head administrative officer of a college or university | synonyms=prexy (Irrelevant - academic context)
    *   6. the office of the United States head of state | synonyms=President of the United States, Chief Executive | examples=a President is elected every four years (This refers to the *office*, not the *person* or the *candidate* running for it, although the meaning is closely related. The context uses "candidates for president," implying the office/role.)

6.  **Refine the choice between 2 and 6:**
    *   Sense 2 defines "the person who holds the office."
    *   Sense 6 defines "the office."
    *   The phrase is "candidates for president." While "president" can refer to the office (Sense 6), it is also commonly used as a shorthand for the person who holds that office (Sense 2). Given the political context of US elections, both senses are applicable, but Sense 2 ("the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government") is the most direct and common interpretation when discussing candidates for the highest executive role. Sense 6 is also very strong, but Sense 2 captures the full scope of the role being contested.

7.  **Final check:** The text is discussing US political elections (GOP candidates, Senate, federal government). "President" here refers to the US President. Sense 2 fits perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "look_on" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are <t>looked on</t> more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Senses:
1. definition=observe with attention | synonyms=watch | examples=They watched as the murderer was executed
2. definition=look on as or consider | synonyms=think of, repute, regard as, look upon, esteem, take to be | examples=she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence containing the target phrase is: "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are <t>looked on</t> more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."

2.  **Analyze the target phrase:** "looked on more kindly by voters."

3.  **Determine the meaning in context:** The phrase means that voters *consider* or *regard* GOP presidential candidates favorably (kindly) compared to Republican senatorial candidates under specific conditions.

4.  **Evaluate Sense 1:**
    *   Definition: observe with attention.
    *   Synonyms: watch.
    *   Example: They watched as the murderer was executed.
    *   *Fit check:* Does "looked on more kindly" mean they physically watched them with attention? No. It means they judged them favorably.

5.  **Evaluate Sense 2:**
    *   Definition: look on as or consider.
    *   Synonyms: think of, repute, regard as, look upon, esteem, take to be.
    *   Example: she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician.
    *   *Fit check:* Does "looked on more kindly" mean voters *consider* or *regard* them favorably? Yes. This matches the meaning of judging or esteeming them.

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 2 is the correct meaning.

7.  **Format the output:** Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "republican" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than <t>Republican</t> candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to know which numbered sense of the word "Republican" (Sense 1 or Sense 2) is used in the provided context. The output must be *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the Context:** The relevant sentence is: "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than <t>Republican</t> candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."

3.  **Analyze the Usage:**
    *   "GOP candidates for president" refers to candidates from the Republican Party.
    *   "Republican candidates for the Senate" refers to candidates who belong to the Republican Party.

4.  **Evaluate the Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics.
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion.

5.  **Match Usage to Sense:** The usage ("Republican candidates") clearly refers to affiliation with the Republican Party (GOP). This matches Sense 1.

6.  **Formulate the Output:** The correct number is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "candidate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican <t>candidates</t> for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Senses:
1. definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to know which numbered sense of the word "candidate" is used in the provided context. The output must be only the number.

2.  **Examine the context:** The relevant sentence is: "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican <t>candidates</t> for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."

3.  **Analyze the usage:**
    *   "GOP candidates for president"
    *   "Republican candidates for the Senate"
    *   The context is discussing elections, voting, and political office (president, Senate).

4.  **Evaluate the senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee.
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect.

5.  **Determine the correct sense:**
    *   In the phrase "candidates for president" and "candidates for the Senate," the individuals are actively running for and seeking public office.
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 1 (a politician who is running for public office).
    *   While Sense 2 is technically related (they are *considered* for office), Sense 1 captures the active, electoral meaning used here.

6.  **Formulate the final answer:** The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "severe" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more <t>severe</t>. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Senses:
1. definition=intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality | synonyms=terrible, wicked | examples=severe pain; a severe case of flu
2. definition=very strong or vigorous | synonyms=hard, knockout | examples=strong winds; a hard left to the chin
3. definition=severely simple | synonyms=austere, stark, stern | examples=a stark interior
4. definition=unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; - H.G.Wells | synonyms=spartan | examples=a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien
5. definition=causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm | synonyms=dangerous, grave, grievous, serious, life-threatening | examples=a dangerous operation; a grave situation
6. definition=very bad in degree or extent | examples=a severe worldwide depression; the house suffered severe damage

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The word "severe" appears in the sentence: "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more <t>severe</t>."

2.  **Determine the meaning of "severe" in this specific context:** The context refers to a "prisoner's sentence." A sentence (in a legal context) is a punishment. When a sentence is "severe," it means the punishment is harsh, long, or intense.

3.  **Examine the provided senses:**

    *   1. definition=intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality | synonyms=terrible, wicked | examples=severe pain; a severe case of flu. (Fits the idea of a harsh/bad punishment.)
    *   2. definition=very strong or vigorous | synonyms=hard, knockout | examples=strong winds; a hard left to the chin. (Does not fit a sentence.)
    *   3. definition=severely simple | synonyms=austere, stark, stern | examples=a stark interior. (Does not fit a sentence.)
    *   4. definition=unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; - H.G.Wells | synonyms=spartan | examples=a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien. (Relates to judgment/discipline, but usually applied to people or rules, not the sentence itself, though related.)
    *   5. definition=causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm | synonyms=dangerous, grave, grievous, serious, life-threatening | examples=a dangerous operation; a grave situation. (A severe sentence is certainly grave/serious, and it causes anxiety/harm. This is a strong candidate.)
    *   6. definition=very bad in degree or extent | examples=a severe worldwide depression; the house suffered severe damage. (Focuses on degree/extent of damage or decline, like an economic depression. While related to 1 and 5, it is often used for measurable quantities or conditions.)

4.  **Compare the best candidates (1, 5, 6) with the specific usage ("prisoner's sentence"):**

    *   *Sentence (punishment)* is inherently a matter of *degree* (how long/harsh) and *quality* (how bad/unpleasant).
    *   Sense 1 ("intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality") is a very general fit for "harsh punishment."
    *   Sense 5 ("causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm") captures the *effect* of the sentence (it is grave/serious).
    *   Sense 6 ("very bad in degree or extent") captures the *measurement* of the sentence (it is of a high degree of severity).

5.  **Refine the choice:** When describing a punishment, "severe" means it is extremely harsh or intense. Both 1 and 6 are close. However, Sense 5 uses synonyms like "grave," "serious," and "grievous," which are the most common and precise descriptors for a serious legal outcome like a sentence. A severe sentence is a *grave* situation.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 5.
    Sense 1: "intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality." (Focus on the quality/intensity of the badness.)
    Sense 5: "causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm." (Focus on the consequence/gravity.)

    In the context of a legal sentence, the primary meaning is that the punishment is *grave* or *serious* (Sense 5), or *intensely bad* (Sense 1). Since Sense 5 includes "grave" and "serious" in its synonyms, it is the most encompassing and accurate description of a harsh legal penalty.

6.  **Final Selection:** Sense 5 best captures the meaning of a "severe sentence."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "appear" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting <t>appears</t> to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Senses:
1. definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, seem | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. definition=come into sight or view | examples=He suddenly appeared at the wedding; A new star appeared on the horizon
3. definition=be issued or published | synonyms=come out | examples=Did your latest book appear yet?; The new Woody Allen film hasn't come out yet
4. definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=seem | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
5. definition=come into being or existence, or appear on the scene | synonyms=come along | examples=Then the computer came along and changed our lives; Homo sapiens appeared millions of years ago
6. definition=appear as a character on stage or appear in a play, etc. | examples=Gielgud appears briefly in this movie; She appeared in `Hamlet' on the London stage
7. definition=present oneself formally, as before a (judicial) authority | examples=He had to appear in court last month; She appeared on several charges of theft

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:** The word is "appears" (marked with <t></t>). The context is: "Moreover, ticket splitting <t>appears</t> to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."

2.  **Determine the meaning of "appears" in this specific sentence:** The sentence is making a claim about a pattern (ticket splitting). It is suggesting that this pattern *seems* or *is likely* to follow the same pattern elsewhere. It is not talking about physical sight, publication, or sudden existence.

3.  **Examine the provided senses:**

    *   1. definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, seem | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem (Matches the idea of giving an impression/seeming.)
    *   2. definition=come into sight or view | examples=He suddenly appeared at the wedding; A new star appeared on the horizon (Physical appearance/sight.)
    *   3. definition=be issued or published | synonyms=come out | examples=Did your latest book appear yet?; The new Woody Allen film hasn't come out yet (Publication.)
    *   4. definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=seem | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad (Matches the idea of probability/seeming true.)
    *   5. definition=come into being or existence, or appear on the scene | synonyms=come along | examples=Then the computer came along and changed our lives; Homo sapiens appeared millions of years ago (Emergence/creation.)
    *   6. definition=appear as a character on stage or appear in a play, etc. | examples=Gielgud appears briefly in this movie; She appeared in `Hamlet' on the London stage (Performance/role.)
    *   7. definition=present oneself formally, as before a (judicial) authority | examples=He had to appear in court last month; She appeared on several charges of theft (Legal appearance.)

4.  **Compare the context meaning with the best senses:**
    *   The context means: "It seems that ticket splitting follows the same pattern..."
    *   Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" (Close, but often relates to appearance/look.)
    *   Sense 4: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" (Perfect match. It is stating a probable observation or finding.)

5.  **Select the best fit:** Sense 4 is the most precise definition for "appears" when used to introduce a conclusion or observation based on evidence ("...ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern...").

6.  **Final check:** The structure "X appears to Y" strongly aligns with the usage in Sense 4 ("It appears that X is Y").

7.  **Output the number.**