[User]
Which numbered sense of "say" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists <t>say</t> that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence containing the target word is: "The scientists <t>say</t> that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."

2.  **Determine the function of "say" in this context:** The scientists are presenting a conclusion or an interpretation based on their research findings (the link between the gene and family predisposition to cancer). They are stating a belief or a finding.

3.  **Examine the provided senses:**

    *   1. definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you (This fits the idea of stating a fact or opinion.)
    *   2. definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war (This implies reporting something, often a claim or accusation, which is close, but Sense 1 is broader and more general for scientific statements.)
    *   3. definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do? (The scientists are stating a conclusion, not just supposing.)
    *   4. definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say? (Not applicable; they are stating a finding, not reading text.)
    *   5. definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping (Not applicable; they are not giving orders.)
    *   6. definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire' (Not applicable; it's about the content, not the pronunciation.)
    *   7. definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt? (Not applicable; it's verbal communication.)
    *   8. definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office (This is about the physical act of speaking, not the content of the statement.)
    *   9. definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business (This is a strong candidate, focusing on judgment/opinion.)
    *   10. definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary' (Not applicable.)
    *   11. definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon (This is a possibility, as the finding indicates a predisposition, but Sense 1 or 9 is a better fit for the scientists' formal statement.)

4.  **Compare the best candidates (1, 2, 9):**
    *   Sense 1 (state, tell): General statement of fact/opinion.
    *   Sense 2 (report or maintain): Often used for claims or allegations (e.g., "The scientists alleged...").
    *   Sense 9 (state as one's opinion or judgement; declare): Focuses on the authoritative nature of the statement.

5.  **Select the most appropriate sense:** In scientific writing, when researchers present their findings or conclusions, they are generally *stating* or *reporting* what they have found. Sense 1 ("express in words | synonyms=state, tell") is the most general and accurate fit for a scientific conclusion being presented to the reader. Sense 9 is also very close, but Sense 1 covers the act of presenting evidence-based conclusions most broadly.

6.  **Final check:** "The scientists say that [conclusion X]." This is a classic use of "say" meaning "state" or "report." Sense 1 is the best match.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "often" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer <t>often</t> strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. definition=in many cases or instances

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "often" (marked with `<t></t>`) is used in the provided context. The output must be only the number.

2.  **Examine the context sentence:** "The scientists say that since breast cancer <t>often</t> strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."

3.  **Analyze the usage of "often" in the context:**
    *   "Breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families."
    *   This means that in many instances or cases (families), breast cancer strikes multiple members. It refers to the frequency of the event (striking multiple members) occurring across different families or within the general population of families.

4.  **Evaluate the provided senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee. (Focuses on high frequency of action/occurrence.)
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much. (Focuses on quantity/amount.)
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=in many cases or instances. (Focuses on probability or occurrence across different situations/examples.)

5.  **Match the usage to the sense:**
    *   The context is discussing a pattern or tendency: "In many families (cases/instances), this happens."
    *   Sense 3 ("in many cases or instances") perfectly captures this meaning. While Sense 1 (frequently) is related, Sense 3 is the most precise fit for describing a pattern observed across multiple groups (families).

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 3 is the correct fit.

7.  **Format the output:** Return only the number.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "strike" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often <t>strikes</t> multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon | examples=The teacher struck the child; the opponent refused to strike
2. definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=affect, impress, move | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd
3. definition=hit against; come into sudden contact with | synonyms=hit, impinge on, run into, collide with | examples=The car hit a tree; He struck the table with his elbow
4. definition=make a strategic, offensive, assault against an enemy, opponent, or a target | synonyms=hit | examples=The Germans struck Poland on Sept. 1, 1939; We must strike the enemy's oil fields
5. definition=indicate (a certain time) by striking | examples=The clock struck midnight; Just when I entered, the clock struck
6. definition=affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely | synonyms=hit | examples=We were hit by really bad weather; He was stricken with cancer when he was still a teenager
7. definition=stop work in order to press demands | synonyms=walk out | examples=The auto workers are striking for higher wages; The employees walked out when their demand for better benefits was not met
8. definition=touch or seem as if touching visually or audibly | synonyms=fall, shine | examples=Light fell on her face; The sun shone on the fields
9. definition=attain | synonyms=come to | examples=The horse finally struck a pace
10. definition=produce by manipulating keys or strings of musical instruments, also metaphorically | synonyms=hit | examples=The pianist strikes a middle C; strike `z' on the keyboard
11. definition=cause to form (an electric arc) between electrodes of an arc lamp | examples=strike an arc
12. definition=find unexpectedly | synonyms=fall upon, come upon, light upon, chance upon, come across, chance on | examples=the archeologists chanced upon an old tomb; she struck a goldmine
13. definition=produce by ignition or a blow | examples=strike fire from the flintstone; strike a match
14. definition=remove by erasing or crossing out or as if by drawing a line | synonyms=scratch, expunge, excise | examples=Please strike this remark from the record; scratch that remark
15. definition=cause to experience suddenly | synonyms=hit, come to | examples=Panic struck me; An interesting idea hit her
16. definition=drive something violently into a location | synonyms=hit | examples=he hit his fist on the table; she struck her head on the low ceiling
17. definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, take, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
18. definition=form by stamping, punching, or printing | synonyms=mint, coin | examples=strike coins; strike a medal
19. definition=smooth with a strickle | synonyms=strickle | examples=strickle the grain in the measure
20. definition=pierce with force | examples=The bullet struck her thigh; The icy wind struck through our coats
21. definition=arrive at after reckoning, deliberating, and weighing | examples=strike a balance; strike a bargain

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context sentence:** "The scientists say that since breast cancer often <t>strikes</t> multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."

2.  **Determine the meaning of "strikes" in this context:** The sentence means that breast cancer affects or afflicts multiple members of certain families.

3.  **Examine the provided senses of "strike":**

    *   1. deliver a sharp blow (Physical action) - No.
    *   2. have an emotional or cognitive impact upon (affect, impress, move) - Possible, but usually used for feelings/opinions.
    *   3. hit against; come into sudden contact with (Physical contact) - No.
    *   4. make a strategic, offensive, assault against (Military action) - No.
    *   5. indicate (a certain time) by striking (Clock) - No.
    *   6. affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely (Synonyms: hit) - This matches the idea of a disease affecting people.
    *   7. stop work in order to press demands (Labor action) - No.
    *   8. touch or seem as if touching visually or audibly (Light/Sound) - No.
    *   9. attain (Come to) - No.
    *   10. produce by manipulating keys or strings (Music) - No.
    *   11. cause to form (an electric arc) - No.
    *   12. find unexpectedly (Chance upon) - No.
    *   13. produce by ignition or a blow (Match/Fire) - No.
    *   14. remove by erasing or crossing out (Edit) - No.
    *   15. cause to experience suddenly (Hit, come to) - This is very close, often used for ideas or emotions (e.g., "Panic struck me").
    *   16. drive something violently into a location (Physical force) - No.
    *   17. occupy or take on (Assume) - No.
    *   18. form by stamping, punching, or printing (Coinage) - No.
    *   19. smooth with a strickle (Obscure/archaic) - No.
    *   20. pierce with force (Physical force) - No.
    *   21. arrive at after reckoning, deliberating, and weighing (Decision) - No.

4.  **Compare the best candidates (6 and 15):**
    *   Context: "breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families." (Cancer is an affliction/disease).
    *   Sense 6: "affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely." (This perfectly describes a disease or negative event affecting people).
    *   Sense 15: "cause to experience suddenly." (While cancer is experienced, Sense 6 specifically includes "afflict," which is the precise meaning here).

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 6 is the most accurate fit for "afflict" or "affect adversely."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "member" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple <t>members</t> of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | synonyms=fellow member | examples=only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty
2. definition=anything that belongs to a set or class | examples=snakes are members of the class Reptilia; members of the opposite sex
3. definition=an external body part that projects from the body | synonyms=extremity, appendage | examples=it is important to keep the extremities warm
4. definition=an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations) | examples=the library was a member of the interlibrary loan association; Canada is a member of the United Nations
5. definition=the male organ of copulation (`member' is a euphemism) | synonyms=penis, phallus

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence containing the target word is: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple <t>members</t> of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."

2.  **Determine the meaning of "members" in this specific context:**
    *   The context discusses breast cancer striking "multiple members of certain families."
    *   "Members" here refers to individuals within a family unit who are affected by the cancer.

3.  **Examine the provided senses:**
    *   1. definition=one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | synonyms=fellow member | examples=only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty
    *   2. definition=anything that belongs to a set or class | examples=snakes are members of the class Reptilia; members of the opposite sex
    *   3. definition=an external body part that projects from the body | synonyms=extremity, appendage | examples=it is important to keep the extremities warm
    *   4. definition=an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations) | examples=the library was a member of the interlibrary loan association; Canada is a member of the United Nations
    *   5. definition=the male organ of copulation (`member' is a euphemism) | synonyms=penis, phallus

4.  **Match the context meaning to the senses:**
    *   The context refers to people (individuals in a family).
    *   Sense 1 defines "one of the persons who compose a social group." This perfectly matches the meaning of individuals within a family.
    *   Sense 2 (belonging to a set/class) is too broad, though technically families are sets, the primary meaning here is human individuals.
    *   Sense 3 (body part) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 4 (organization) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 5 (anatomical) is incorrect.

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct meaning.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "certain" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of <t>certain</t> families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=definite but not specified or identified | examples=set aside a certain sum each week; to a certain degree
2. definition=having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured | synonyms=sure | examples=felt certain of success; was sure (or certain) she had seen it
3. definition=established beyond doubt or question; definitely known | examples=what is certain is that every effect must have a cause; it is certain that they were on the bus
4. definition=certain to occur; destined or inevitable; ; ; - Benjamin Franklin | synonyms=sure | examples=he was certain to fail; his fate is certain
5. definition=established irrevocably | synonyms=sealed | examples=his fate is sealed
6. definition=reliable in operation or effect | synonyms=sure | examples=a quick and certain remedy; a sure way to distinguish the two
7. definition=exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance | synonyms=sure | examples=be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through; be sure to lock the doors

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The phrase is "multiple members of <t>certain</t> families."
2.  **Determine the meaning of "certain" in this specific context:** The sentence is discussing breast cancer, which "often strikes multiple members of [certain] families." This implies that the families are not specified or identified, but they belong to a group of families (a subset of all families).
3.  **Examine the provided senses:**
    *   1. definition=definite but not specified or identified | examples=set aside a certain sum each week; to a certain degree
    *   2. definition=having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured | synonyms=sure | examples=felt certain of success; was sure (or certain) she had seen it
    *   3. definition=established beyond doubt or question; definitely known | examples=what is certain is that every effect must have a cause; it is certain that they were on the bus
    *   4. definition=certain to occur; destined or inevitable; ; ; - Benjamin Franklin | synonyms=sure | examples=he was certain to fail; his fate is certain
    *   5. definition=established irrevocably | synonyms=sealed | examples=his fate is sealed
    *   6. definition=reliable in operation or effect | synonyms=sure | examples=a quick and certain remedy; a sure way to distinguish the two
    *   7. definition=exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance | synonyms=sure | examples=be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through; be sure to lock the doors
4.  **Match the meaning to the senses:** The meaning "not specified or identified" matches Sense 1.
5.  **Conclusion:** The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "family" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain <t>families</t>, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=a social unit living together | synonyms=household, house, home, menage | examples=he moved his family to Virginia; It was a good Christian household
2. definition=primary social group; parents and children | synonyms=family unit | examples=he wanted to have a good job before starting a family
3. definition=a collection of things sharing a common attribute | synonyms=class, category | examples=there are two classes of detergents
4. definition=people descended from a common ancestor | synonyms=family line, folk, kinfolk, kinsfolk, sept, phratry | examples=his family has lived in Massachusetts since the Mayflower
5. definition=a person having kinship with another or others | synonyms=kin, kinsperson | examples=he's kin; he's family
6. definition=(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera | examples=sharks belong to the fish family
7. definition=a loose affiliation of gangsters in charge of organized criminal activities | synonyms=syndicate, crime syndicate, mob
8. definition=an association of people who share common beliefs or activities | synonyms=fellowship | examples=the message was addressed not just to employees but to every member of the company family; the church welcomed new members into its fellowship

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context sentence:** "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain <t>families</t>, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."

2.  **Determine the meaning of "families" in this context:** The context discusses a gene (p53) and how its inheritance (in a damaged form) can predispose *multiple members* to cancer (breast cancer). This implies a shared biological lineage or descent.

3.  **Evaluate the provided senses:**

    *   1. a social unit living together (household, home) -> Incorrect. This refers to living arrangements, not genetic predisposition across generations.
    *   2. primary social group; parents and children (family unit) -> Incorrect. While related to social structure, the focus here is on shared genetics/ancestry, not just the immediate nuclear family unit.
    *   3. a collection of things sharing a common attribute (class, category) -> Possible, but too broad. While cancer types are categories, the specific use of "members of certain families" strongly suggests biological relatedness.
    *   4. people descended from a common ancestor (family line, kinfolk, sept) -> **Strong match.** This definition perfectly captures the idea that multiple individuals (members) share a common genetic heritage (descended from a common ancestor), which is the mechanism described (inherited damaged gene).
    *   5. a person having kinship with another or others (kin, kinsperson) -> Incorrect. This is a singular noun referring to an individual relative, not the group/lineage itself.
    *   6. (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera (e.g., fish family) -> Incorrect. This refers to biological classification (taxonomy), not human genetic lineage.
    *   7. a loose affiliation of gangsters (mob, syndicate) -> Incorrect.
    *   8. an association of people who share common beliefs or activities (fellowship) -> Incorrect. This refers to shared interests or beliefs, not inherited biological traits.

4.  **Conclusion:** Sense 4 is the correct fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "inherit" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when <t>inherited</t> in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
2. definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "inherit" is used in the provided context. The output must be only the number.

2.  **Analyze the context sentence:** "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when <t>inherited</t> in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."

3.  **Analyze the meaning of "inherited" in the context:** The context discusses a gene (p53) and how it is passed down within families ("strikes multiple members of certain families," "predispose women to the cancer"). The gene is being passed from parent to offspring.

4.  **Evaluate the senses:**
    *   Sense 1: definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents. (Relates to property/wealth, not genes.) -> *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 2: definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair. (Relates to roles/responsibilities, not genes.) -> *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 3: definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother. (Relates specifically to biological traits/genes being passed down.) -> *Correct.*

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 3 is the correct meaning.

6.  **Format the output:** Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "damaged" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a <t>damaged</t> form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "damaged" is used in the provided context. The output must be only the number.

2.  **Examine the context:** The target word is "damaged" in the sentence: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a <t>damaged</t> form, may predispose women to the cancer."

3.  **Analyze the surrounding text/meaning:** The context discusses a gene (p53) that, when inherited in a "damaged form," may predispose women to cancer. In genetics, a "damaged form" of a gene usually means a mutation or alteration that impairs its function.

4.  **Analyze the senses provided:**
    *   **Sense 1:** definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings. (Relates to physical or functional impairment/damage.)
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation. (Relates to reputation/social standing.)

5.  **Match the meaning:**
    *   The gene is not being socially discredited (Sense 2).
    *   The gene is functionally impaired or altered (mutated/spoiled/harmed) (Sense 1).

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct sense.

7.  **Format the output:** Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "form" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged <t>form</t>, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
2. definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
3. definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
4. definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
5. definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
6. definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
7. definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features
8. definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
9. definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
10. definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
11. definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
12. definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
13. definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
14. definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
15. definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
16. definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged <t>form</t>, may predispose women to the cancer."

2.  **Determine the meaning of "form" in this specific context:** The context refers to a gene ("the gene") being inherited in a "damaged form." This implies a specific state, configuration, or manifestation of the gene (p53) that is defective or altered.

3.  **Examine the provided senses of "form":**

    *   1. Phonological/orthographic sound/appearance (Word form). (No, it's about the gene's structure/state, not the word itself.)
    *   2. A category of things (Kind, sort, variety). (Possible, but usually too broad. A damaged *form* suggests a specific variant.)
    *   3. A perceptual structure (Shape, pattern). (Relates to visual/abstract patterns, less likely for a genetic state.)
    *   4. Any spatial attributes (Shape, configuration, contour). (Relates to physical shape, less likely for a genetic state unless referring to protein folding, but the context is inheritance.)
    *   5. Alternative names for the body. (No.)
    *   6. The spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance (Shape). (Relates to physical arrangement, less likely for a genetic state.)
    *   7. The visual appearance of something or someone (Shape, cast). (No.)
    *   8. A printed document. (No.)
    *   9. (Biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups (Variant, strain, var.). (This relates to biological differences/variants, which fits the idea of a "damaged" version of a gene.)
    *   10. An arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse. (No.)
    *   11. A particular mode in which something is manifested (Example: "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility"). (This means a specific way or manner of existing/being expressed. A gene being inherited in a "damaged form" means it is manifested in a damaged state/mode.)
    *   12. (Physical chemistry) A distinct state of matter (Phase). (No.)
    *   13. A body of students. (No.)
    *   14. An ability to perform well. (No.)
    *   15. A life-size dummy. (No.)
    *   16. A mold for setting concrete. (No.)

4.  **Compare the best candidates (9 and 11):**

    *   Sense 9: Focuses on biological *groups* or *strains* (variants). While a damaged gene is a variant, the phrasing "inherited in a damaged form" often refers to the specific *state* or *mode* of the gene itself, rather than a population group.
    *   Sense 11: Focuses on a "particular mode in which something is manifested." A gene being "damaged" describes its mode of manifestation or existence within the organism. This fits the idea of a specific, altered state or configuration of the gene.

5.  **Re-evaluate the usage in genetics:** When discussing a gene being inherited in a "damaged form," we are referring to the specific *variant* or *allele* (the specific manifestation) that carries the mutation. Both 9 (variant/strain) and 11 (mode of manifestation) are plausible. However, Sense 11 ("a particular mode in which something is manifested") is a very strong general fit for describing how a characteristic (like damage) is expressed by a biological entity (the gene). Sense 9 is too specific to population groups.

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 11 captures the idea that the gene exists or is expressed in a specific, altered state or manner ("damaged form").


[User]
Which numbered sense of "woman" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose <t>women</t> to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "women" (marked with `<t>women</t>`) is used in the provided context. The output must be only the number.

2.  **Analyze the context surrounding the target word:**
    *   "...The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose <t>women</t> to the cancer."

3.  **Determine the meaning of "women" in this context:**
    *   The context discusses breast cancer, a disease that affects females.
    *   The phrase "predispose women to the cancer" refers to the general group of females who are susceptible to this type of cancer.

4.  **Evaluate the provided senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man). (Refers to an individual.)
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man. (Specific relational role.)
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=a human female employed to do housework. (Specific occupation.)
    *   **Sense 4:** definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex. (Refers to the group/category of females.)

5.  **Match the context to the sense:**
    *   The phrase "predispose women to the cancer" is not referring to a single individual (Sense 1), a specific partner (Sense 2), or a domestic worker (Sense 3).
    *   It is referring to the group of females in general who are susceptible to the disease (the category/class of females).

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 4 is the correct fit.

7.  **Format the output:** Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the <t>cancer</t>. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "cancer" (marked with `<t>cancer</t>`) is used in the provided context. The output must be only the number.

2.  **Examine the context:** The context discusses:
    *   The p53 gene.
    *   Gene promotion/suppression of growth.
    *   Human cancer cells.
    *   Cancer studies.
    *   Cancer-suppressing gene.
    *   Cancer formation.
    *   Breast tumors/breast cancer.
    *   Lung cancer.
    *   The overall theme is biological disease and genetics.

3.  **Locate the target word:** The target word is `<t>cancer</t>`. The sentence containing it is: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the <t>cancer</t>."

4.  **Determine the meaning of "cancer" in the context:** In this sentence, "cancer" refers to a malignant disease or tumor (specifically, breast cancer is mentioned immediately before).

5.  **Evaluate the senses:**
    *   **1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease:** This matches the biological/medical meaning of the word used in the context (breast cancer, lung cancer, etc.).
    *   **2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab:** This is an astrological meaning, irrelevant to the biological discussion.
    *   **3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini:** This is a geographical/astronomical meaning, irrelevant.
    *   **4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab:** This is an astrological meaning, irrelevant.
    *   **5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer:** This is a biological classification (zoology), but the context is about human disease, not the genus of crabs.

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct meaning.

7.  **Format the output:** Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "implicate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been <t>implicated</t> in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene.

Senses:
1. definition=bring into intimate and incriminating connection | examples=He is implicated in the scheme to defraud the government
2. definition=impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result | synonyms=entail | examples=What does this move entail?

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to know which numbered sense of the word "implicate" (marked with `<t></t>`) is used in the provided context. The output must be *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the Context Sentence:** "The p53 gene has just been <t>implicated</t> in lung cancer."

3.  **Analyze the Meaning in Context:** The sentence means that the p53 gene has been found to be connected to, or involved in, the process of lung cancer.

4.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** definition=bring into intimate and incriminating connection | examples=He is implicated in the scheme to defraud the government. (Focuses on guilt/crime.)
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result | synonyms=entail | examples=What does this move entail? (Focuses on involvement, necessity, or consequence.)

5.  **Match Context to Sense:**
    *   Is the gene being implicated in a "scheme" or "crime"? No, it's being linked to a biological process (cancer).
    *   Is the gene being "involved in" or "implying" a necessary connection to lung cancer? Yes.

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 2 fits the context ("involved in" or "associated with") much better than Sense 1 ("guilt/crime").

7.  **Final Output Generation:** Return only the number 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "report" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a <t>report</t> out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The phrase is "In a <t>report</t> out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
2.  **Determine the function of "report" in this context:** The phrase refers to a communication or publication (likely a scientific paper or press release) issued by John Minna and his colleagues at the National Cancer Institute, which contains findings ("say that about half the cells... are missing this gene").
3.  **Evaluate the senses provided:**
    *   1. definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale. (Matches the idea of a formal, written document presenting findings.)
    *   2. definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple. (Focuses on verbal communication/hearsay, not a formal published document.)
    *   3. definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news. (While a scientific report *is* a type of account, Sense 1 is more precise for a formal scientific publication/study.)
    *   4. definition=a sharp explosive sound... (Irrelevant.)
    *   5. definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship... (Irrelevant.)
    *   6. definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment). (Too narrow; a scientific report is usually more formal than a general assignment essay.)
    *   7. definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person. (Irrelevant.)
4.  **Compare the best fits (1 and 3):**
    *   Sense 3 ("news report, story") is general.
    *   Sense 1 ("a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report") perfectly describes a scientific publication or study released by researchers (John Minna and colleagues).
5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the most accurate fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "last" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out <t>last</t> week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
2. definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
3. definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
4. definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected; the last man they would have chosen for the job
5. definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites
6. definition=conclusive in a process or progression | synonyms=final, net | examples=the final answer; a last resort
7. definition=highest in extent or degree | synonyms=utmost | examples=to the last measure of human endurance; whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually
8. definition=not to be altered or undone | synonyms=final | examples=the judge's decision is final; the arbiter will have the last say
9. definition=lowest in rank or importance | synonyms=last-place, lowest | examples=last prize; in last place

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The phrase is "In a report out <t>last</t> week".
2.  **Determine the meaning of "last" in this specific context:** "Last week" refers to the week immediately preceding the current time.
3.  **Examine the provided senses:**
    *   1. definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
    *   2. definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
    *   3. definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
    *   4. definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected; the last man they would have chosen for the job
    *   5. definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites
    *   6. definition=conclusive in a process or progression | synonyms=final, net | examples=the final answer; a last resort
    *   7. definition=highest in extent or degree | synonyms=utmost | examples=to the last measure of human endurance; whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually
    *   8. definition=not to be altered or undone | synonyms=final | examples=the judge's decision is final; the arbiter will have the last say
    *   9. definition=lowest in rank or importance | synonyms=last-place, lowest | examples=last prize; in last place
4.  **Match the meaning ("immediately past") to the senses:** Sense 1 matches perfectly.
5.  **Select the corresponding number:** 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "week" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last <t>week</t>, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to know which numbered sense of the word "week" (marked with `<t>week</t>`) is used in the provided context. The output must be *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The context is a scientific report about cancer research (p53 gene, breast tumors, lung cancer).
    *   The relevant sentence is: "In a report out last `<t>week</t>`, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."

3.  **Determine the Meaning of "last week" in this context:**
    *   "Last week" refers to a recent, completed period of seven days (or a specific calendar period).
    *   The report was published/released during that recent period.

4.  **Evaluate the Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week. (Matches the general concept of a recent 7-day period.)
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week. (Does not fit; the context is about a report release, not work hours.)
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week. (This is a specific type of Sense 1, but Sense 1 is the broader, more accurate fit for "last week" unless the context specifically required the Sunday start.)

5.  **Select the Best Fit:**
    *   "Last week" refers to a general, recent period of seven days. Sense 1 ("any period of seven consecutive days") is the most accurate and general definition for this usage. While Sense 3 is technically a type of week, Sense 1 captures the temporal meaning perfectly without imposing a specific starting day (Sunday).

6.  **Final Check:** The report came out during a recent 7-day period. This aligns with Sense 1.

7.  **Format the Output:** Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "say" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute <t>say</t> that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The target word is "say" in the sentence: "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute <t>say</t> that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."

2.  **Determine the function of "say" in this sentence:** The phrase "John Minna and colleagues... say that..." introduces a claim or finding presented in a report. They are reporting what the data or their research indicates.

3.  **Examine the provided senses:**

    *   1. definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you (This fits the idea of stating a fact or opinion.)
    *   2. definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war (This fits the idea of reporting findings, especially in a formal/scientific context.)
    *   3. definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do? (This is hypothetical, not reporting a finding.)
    *   4. definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say? (This refers to content/text, not the act of reporting a finding.)
    *   5. definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping (This is commanding, not reporting.)
    *   6. definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire' (This is about pronunciation.)
    *   7. definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt? (This is nonverbal communication.)
    *   8. definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office (This is the physical act of speaking.)
    *   9. definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business (This is a strong declaration/opinion.)
    *   10. definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary' (This is ritualistic repetition.)
    *   11. definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon (This is a passive indication.)

4.  **Compare the context usage with the best fit senses:**
    *   The scientists/colleagues are presenting a finding ("that about half the cells... are missing this gene").
    *   Sense 1 (state, tell) is a strong candidate.
    *   Sense 2 (report or maintain, allege, aver) is also a very strong candidate, especially in a scientific/formal context where findings are being reported.

5.  **Refine the choice between 1 and 2:**
    *   Sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her." (Focuses on personal communication/statement.)
    *   Sense 2: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime." (Focuses on formal reporting of a claim/finding.)
    *   In the context of a scientific report ("In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues... say that..."), the usage is highly formal and involves presenting evidence or findings. While Sense 1 is technically correct (they are stating a fact), Sense 2 captures the nuance of *reporting* a finding or maintaining a claim based on evidence, which is the primary function here.

6.  **Final check:** The phrase "colleagues... say that [finding]" is a classic example of reporting research results. Sense 2, "report or maintain," is the most precise fit for this academic/scientific reporting function.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "about" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that <t>about</t> half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The phrase is "<t>about</t> half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
2.  **Determine the function of "about" in this phrase:** "About half" is a quantifier. It means "approximately half" or "roughly half."
3.  **Examine the provided senses:**
    *   1. definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
    *   2. definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | (Spatial)
    *   3. definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | (Spatial)
    *   4. definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | (Movement)
    *   5. definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | (Direction/Orientation)
    *   6. definition=in rotation or succession | (Rotation)
    *   7. definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | (Near completion/Almost)
4.  **Match the function to the senses:** The function is quantifying (approximately half). This matches Sense 1.
5.  **Confirm the match:** Sense 1 explicitly deals with quantities and uses synonyms like "approximately" and "roughly." "About half" fits this definition perfectly.
6.  **Select the final answer:** 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the <t>cells</t> taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the <t>cells</t> taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
2.  **Identify the key concept:** The word is "cells," and the context is "lung cancer tissue," "gene," and "cancer formation."
3.  **Determine the meaning of "cells" in this context:** When discussing cancer tissue, genes, and biological research, "cells" refers to the fundamental biological units of the organisms (the cancer cells).
4.  **Review the provided senses:**
    *   1. any small compartment (e.g., honeycomb cells) - Incorrect.
    *   2. (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life... - Matches the biological context of cancer tissue and genes.
    *   3. a device that delivers an electric current (electric cell) - Incorrect.
    *   4. a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (cadre) - Incorrect.
    *   5. a hand-held mobile radiotelephone (cellular phone) - Incorrect.
    *   6. small room in which a monk or nun lives (cubicle) - Incorrect.
    *   7. a room where a prisoner is kept (jail cell) - Incorrect.
5.  **Select the correct sense number:** Sense 2 is the correct definition.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "take" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells <t>taken</t> from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The phrase is "about half the cells <t>taken</t> from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
2.  **Identify the word form:** The word is "taken," which is the past participle of "take."
3.  **Determine the grammatical role:** "Taken" is functioning as an adjective/participle modifying "cells." The cells were acted upon (they were taken from the tissue).
4.  **Analyze the action:** The action is *removing* or *extracting* cells from a source (lung cancer tissue).
5.  **Review the senses of "take":** I need a sense that means to physically remove or extract something.

    *   1. carry out (No)
    *   2. require (No)
    *   3. take somebody somewhere (No)
    *   4. get into one's hands, take physically (This relates to physical acquisition, but usually implies receiving/holding, not extraction from a source.)
    *   5. take on a certain form (No)
    *   6. interpret (No)
    *   7. take something or somebody with oneself somewhere (This involves carrying/conveying, which is close, but usually implies moving *to* a destination.)
    *   8. take into one's possession (Implies receiving/acquiring, not necessarily extraction.)
    *   9. travel (No)
    *   10. pick out, select (Selection, but the primary action here is removal/extraction.)
    *   11. receive willingly (No)
    *   12. assume, as of positions (No)
    *   13. take into consideration (No)
    *   14. require (No)
    *   15. experience or feel (No)
    *   16. make a film or photograph (No)
    *   17. remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract (This perfectly matches the action: removing cells from tissue.)
    *   18. serve oneself to, or consume regularly (No)
    *   19. accept or undergo, often unwillingly (No)
    *   20. make use of or accept for some purpose (No)
    *   21. take by force (No)
    *   22. occupy or take on (No)
    *   23. admit into a group (No)
    *   24. ascertain or determine by measuring (No)
    *   25. be a student of a certain subject (No)
    *   26. take as an undesirable consequence (No)
    *   27. head into a specified direction (No)
    *   28. point or cause to go towards (No)
    *   29. be seized or affected in a specified way (No)
    *   30. have with oneself; have on one's person (No)
    *   31. engage for service (No)
    *   32. receive or obtain regularly (No)
    *   33. buy, select (No)
    *   34. to get into a position of having (No)
    *   35. have sex with (No)
    *   36. lay claim to (No)
    *   37. be designed to hold or take (No)
    *   38. be capable of holding or containing (No)
    *   39. develop a habit (No)
    *   40. proceed along in a vehicle (No)
    *   41. obtain by winning (No)
    *   42. be stricken by an illness (No)

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 17, "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off," is the correct fit for "cells taken from lung cancer tissue."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "tissue" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer <t>tissue</t> they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "tissue" is used in the provided context. The output must be only the number.

2.  **Analyze the context:** The relevant phrase is "cells taken from lung cancer <t>tissue</t> they tested."

3.  **Analyze the word "tissue" in context:** In this context, "tissue" refers to the biological material (the cells and their organized structure) taken from a lung cancer patient for testing.

4.  **Analyze the senses provided:**
    *   Sense 1: definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function. (Biological material)
    *   Sense 2: definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper. (Paper product)

5.  **Match the context to the senses:** The biological material from a cancer patient matches Sense 1.

6.  **Formulate the final answer:** The correct number is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "test" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they <t>tested</t> are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to | synonyms=prove, try, try out, examine, essay | examples=This approach has been tried with good results; Test this recipe
2. definition=test or examine for the presence of disease or infection | synonyms=screen | examples=screen the blood for the HIV virus
3. definition=examine someone's knowledge of something | synonyms=quiz | examples=The teacher tests us every week; We got quizzed on French irregular verbs
4. definition=show a certain characteristic when tested | examples=He tested positive for HIV
5. definition=achieve a certain score or rating on a test | examples=She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools
6. definition=determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
7. definition=undergo a test | examples=She doesn't test well

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they <t>tested</t> are missing this gene."
2.  **Identify the action:** The action is "tested" applied to "cells taken from lung cancer tissue."
3.  **Determine the purpose of the testing:** The goal is to see if these cells are "missing this gene" (p53). This implies an examination or analysis of the cells to check for a specific genetic characteristic (the presence or absence of the p53 gene).
4.  **Evaluate the senses:**
    *   1. put to the test (quality/experimental use): Not applicable. They aren't trying out the cells; they are analyzing them.
    *   2. test or examine for the presence of disease or infection: While cancer is a disease, the specific action here is checking for a *gene mutation/absence*, which is a form of examination/screening, but Sense 6 might be more precise.
    *   3. examine knowledge: Not applicable (cells don't have knowledge).
    *   4. show a certain characteristic when tested: This is usually used in the passive voice (e.g., "The cells showed the characteristic when tested"), not the active voice ("they tested the cells").
    *   5. achieve a score/rating: Not applicable.
    *   6. determine the presence or properties of (a substance): This perfectly matches the action. They are determining the presence (or absence) of the p53 gene (a property/component) in the cells (the substance).
    *   7. undergo a test: This is the passive form ("The cells were tested"), but the context uses the active form ("they tested the cells").

5.  **Compare Sense 6 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 2 focuses on disease/infection screening (e.g., HIV).
    *   Sense 6 focuses on determining the presence or properties of a substance (e.g., chemical analysis, genetic analysis).
    *   Since the context is highly technical (gene presence/absence in tissue), Sense 6 ("determine the presence or properties of (a substance)") is the most accurate and encompassing definition for laboratory analysis of cells/tissue.

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 6 is the correct fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "miss" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are <t>missing</t> this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind | synonyms=lose | examples=I missed that remark; She missed his point
2. definition=feel or suffer from the lack of | examples=He misses his mother
3. definition=fail to attend an event or activity | examples=I missed the concert; He missed school for a week
4. definition=leave undone or leave out | synonyms=neglect, pretermit, omit, drop, leave out, overlook | examples=How could I miss that typo?; The workers on the conveyor belt miss one out of ten
5. definition=fail to reach or get to | examples=She missed her train
6. definition=be without | synonyms=lack | examples=This soup lacks salt; There is something missing in my jewelry box!
7. definition=fail to reach | examples=The arrow missed the target
8. definition=be absent | examples=The child had been missing for a week
9. definition=fail to experience | synonyms=escape | examples=Fortunately, I missed the hurricane

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are <t>missing</t> this gene."
2.  **Identify the target word:** The word is "missing" (a form of "miss").
3.  **Determine the meaning of "missing" in this context:** The cells are lacking the p53 gene. The gene is absent from the cells.
4.  **Examine the provided senses:**
    *   1. fail to perceive/catch (lose) - *Doesn't fit. The cells aren't failing to perceive.*
    *   2. feel or suffer from the lack of - *Doesn't fit. This applies to emotional states (missing a person).*
    *   3. fail to attend an event - *Doesn't fit.*
    *   4. leave undone or leave out (omit) - *Doesn't fit. This applies to actions or items in a sequence.*
    *   5. fail to reach or get to - *Doesn't fit.*
    *   6. be without (lack) - *Fits perfectly. The cells are "without" the gene.*
    *   7. fail to reach - *Doesn't fit.*
    *   8. be absent - *This is close, but Sense 6 (be without/lack) is a more precise fit for a biological component being absent.*
    *   9. fail to experience (escape) - *Doesn't fit.*
5.  **Select the best match:** Sense 6 ("be without," synonyms=lack) accurately describes the biological state where the cells lack the gene.

6.  **Final check:** "The cells are missing this gene" = "The cells are without this gene" (Sense 6). This is correct.
7.  **Format the output:** Return only the number.