[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon <t>cell</t> into full-blown malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "cell" is used in the provided sentence. The output must be only the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence:** "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon <t>cell</t> into full-blown malignancy."

3.  **Determine the context:** The sentence discusses "Dr. Vogelstein," "gene," "damaged," "colon cell," and "malignancy." This is clearly a biological/medical context (cancer development).

4.  **Evaluate the senses of "cell":**
    *   1. any small compartment (e.g., honeycomb cell) - *Unlikely in this biological context.*
    *   2. (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms... - *This perfectly matches the context of genes, colon tissue, and malignancy.*
    *   3. a device that delivers an electric current (battery cell) - *Incorrect.*
    *   4. a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement - *Incorrect.*
    *   5. a hand-held mobile radiotelephone (cell phone) - *Incorrect.*
    *   6. small room in which a monk or nun lives (cell) - *Incorrect.*
    *   7. a room where a prisoner is kept (cell) - *Incorrect.*

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 2 is the correct meaning.

6.  **Format the output:** Return only the number.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "full-blown" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into <t>full-blown</t> malignancy.

Senses:
1. definition=fully ripe; at the height of bloom | examples=a full-blown rose
2. definition=having or displaying all the characteristics necessary for completeness | examples=a full-blown financial crisis

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to know which numbered sense of "full-blown" is used in the provided sentence. The output must be *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence:** "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into <t>full-blown</t> malignancy."

3.  **Analyze the context of "full-blown":** It modifies "malignancy." Malignancy is a disease/condition. "Full-blown malignancy" means the malignancy is complete, developed, or exhibiting all its characteristics.

4.  **Analyze the senses:**
    *   Sense 1: definition=fully ripe; at the height of bloom | examples=a full-blown rose (Relates to flowers/ripeness).
    *   Sense 2: definition=having or displaying all the characteristics necessary for completeness | examples=a full-blown financial crisis (Relates to completeness/full development of a state or condition).

5.  **Match the context to the sense:**
    *   "Full-blown malignancy" means the malignancy is fully developed and exhibiting all its characteristics.
    *   This matches Sense 2: "having or displaying all the characteristics necessary for completeness."

6.  **Determine the final answer:** The correct sense is 2.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "malignancy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown <t>malignancy</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=(medicine) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death
2. definition=quality of being disposed to evil; intense ill will

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "malignancy" is used in the provided sentence. The output must be *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence:** "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown <t>malignancy</t>."

3.  **Analyze the context:**
    *   "Dr. Vogelstein" (a medical/scientific context).
    *   "gene" (biological/medical).
    *   "colon cell" (biological/medical).
    *   "flipped... into full-blown malignancy" (describing a biological transformation/disease state).

4.  **Analyze the senses:**
    *   Sense 1: definition=(medicine) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death. (This relates to disease/cancer.)
    *   Sense 2: definition=quality of being disposed to evil; intense ill will. (This relates to moral character/intent.)

5.  **Match the context to the sense:** The sentence describes a biological transformation (a cell becoming cancerous). This aligns perfectly with Sense 1 (a malignant state in medicine).

6.  **Formulate the final answer:** The correct number is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "month" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For <t>months</t> the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "month" (specifically "months") is used in the provided sentence. The output must be *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence:** "For <t>months</t> the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

3.  **Analyze the context of "months":** The word "months" is used to indicate a duration of time ("For months...").

4.  **Analyze the senses:**
    *   Sense 1: definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | examples=he paid the bill last month (Refers to a specific calendar unit, often used in phrases like "last month" or "in January.")
    *   Sense 2: definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill (Refers to a general period of time, a duration.)

5.  **Match the usage to the sense:**
    *   The sentence uses "months" to describe how long the research took (a duration).
    *   This aligns with Sense 2 (a time unit/duration).

6.  **Formulate the final answer:** The correct number is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "use" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, <t>using</t> gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | examples=use your head!
2. definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. definition=use up, consume fully | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs
5. definition=avail oneself to | examples=apply a principle
6. definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "use" (specifically the form "using" in the sentence) is being used. The output must be only the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence:** "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, <t>using</t> gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

3.  **Analyze the target word/phrase:** "<t>using</t> gene probes".
    *   "Using" here means employing or utilizing the gene probes as a tool or method during the research process.

4.  **Evaluate the senses of "use":**

    *   1. definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | examples=use your head!
        *   *Match?* Yes. The researchers are putting the gene probes into service (employing them) for the purpose of crawling down the chromosome.

    *   2. definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | examples=She uses drugs rarely
        *   *Match?* No. They aren't consuming the probes in the sense of ingesting them.

    *   3. definition=use up, consume fully | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
        *   *Match?* No. They are employing them, not exhausting them.

    *   4. definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs
        *   *Match?* This is close, as they are using the probes to achieve a goal (finding genetic material). However, Sense 1 ("put into service; employ") is a more direct and precise fit for the instrumental function of "using" a tool. Sense 4 often implies strategic manipulation or leveraging a resource for personal gain/advantage, which is slightly different from the technical application of a scientific tool.

    *   5. definition=avail oneself to | examples=apply a principle
        *   *Match?* No. This means benefiting from something.

    *   6. definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally
        *   *Match?* No. This is a specific grammatical/temporal usage ("used to").

5.  **Conclusion:** The most accurate sense is Sense 1: "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose." The gene probes are being employed/put into service by the researchers.

6.  **Final Output Generation:** Return only the number. (1)


[User]
Which numbered sense of "down" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled <t>down</t> the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position | examples=don't fall down
2. definition=away from a more central or a more northerly place | examples=was sent down to work at the regional office
3. definition=paid in cash at time of purchase | examples=put ten dollars down on the necklace
4. definition=from an earlier time | examples=the story was passed down from father to son
5. definition=to a lower intensity | examples=he slowly phased down the light until the stage was completely black
6. definition=in an inactive or inoperative state | examples=the factory went down during the strike

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the sentence:** "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled <t>down</t> the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."
2.  **Identify the target word and context:** The word is "down," and the context is "crawled down the length of chromosome 17."
3.  **Determine the meaning of "down" in this context:** The researchers are moving along the physical structure (the chromosome), starting at one point and moving toward the other, which is a movement from a higher position/point to a lower position/point along a linear path.
4.  **Evaluate the provided senses:**
    *   1. definition=spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position | examples=don't fall down
    *   2. definition=away from a more central or a more northerly place | examples=was sent down to work at the regional office
    *   3. definition=paid in cash at time of purchase | examples=put ten dollars down on the necklace
    *   4. definition=from an earlier time | examples=the story was passed down from father to son
    *   5. definition=to a lower intensity | examples=he slowly phased down the light until the stage was completely black
    *   6. definition=in an inactive or inoperative state | examples=the factory went down during the strike
5.  **Match the meaning to the best sense:** The movement "crawled down the length of chromosome 17" is a spatial movement from one point to another along a line, which fits the definition of moving from a higher to a lower level or position (Sense 1).
6.  **Select the corresponding number:** 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "length" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the <t>length</t> of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place | examples=the length of the table was 5 feet
2. definition=continuance in time | examples=the ceremony was of short duration
3. definition=the property of being the extent of something from beginning to end | examples=the editor limited the length of my article to 500 words
4. definition=size of the gap between two places | examples=the distance from New York to Chicago
5. definition=a section of something that is long and narrow | examples=a length of timber

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "length" (marked with `<t>length</t>`) is used in the provided sentence. The output must be *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence:** "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the <t>length</t> of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

3.  **Determine the context of "length":**
    *   The object is "chromosome 17."
    *   Chromosomes are physical, linear structures (DNA strands).
    *   The action is "crawled down the length," implying movement along the physical extent of the chromosome.

4.  **Evaluate the senses:**

    *   **1. definition=the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place | examples=the length of the table was 5 feet**
        *   *Match?* Yes. A chromosome has a physical, linear extent in space. "Crawling down the length" refers to traversing this physical dimension.

    *   **2. definition=continuance in time | examples=the ceremony was of short duration**
        *   *Match?* No. Chromosomes are not measured in time.

    *   **3. definition=the property of being the extent of something from beginning to end | examples=the editor limited the length of my article to 500 words**
        *   *Match?* This is a general definition of extent, but Sense 1 is more specific to the *physical, measurable dimension* of a fixed object, which is what a chromosome is. Sense 1 is the best fit for the physical dimension.

    *   **4. definition=size of the gap between two places | examples=the distance from New York to Chicago**
        *   *Match?* No. This refers to distance/gap, not the dimension of the object itself.

    *   **5. definition=a section of something that is long and narrow | examples=a length of timber**
        *   *Match?* While a chromosome is a long and narrow structure, the phrase "crawled down the length of chromosome 17" refers to the *entire* physical dimension of the chromosome, not just a specific section (though it could imply traversing a section, the primary meaning is the total physical extent). Sense 1 captures the idea of the total linear extent better.

5.  **Conclusion:** The context (chromosome 17, physical crawling) clearly points to the physical, linear dimension of the object. This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.

6.  **Final Output Generation:** Return only the number 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "look_for" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, <t>looking for</t> the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of | examples=The police are searching for clues
2. definition=be excited or anxious about

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of "look_for" is used in the provided sentence. The output must be *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence:** "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, <t>looking for</t> the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

3.  **Analyze the context of "looking for":** The researchers are actively searching/seeking a specific piece of genetic material ("the smallest common bit of genetic material").

4.  **Analyze the senses:**
    *   Sense 1: definition=try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of | examples=The police are searching for clues.
    *   Sense 2: definition=be excited or anxious about.

5.  **Match the context to the senses:**
    *   The researchers are trying to *locate* or *discover* the genetic material. This matches Sense 1.
    *   The researchers are not excited or anxious about the genetic material; they are performing a scientific search. This rules out Sense 2.

6.  **Determine the correct number:** The correct sense is 1.

7.  **Format the output:** Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "common" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest <t>common</t> bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good
2. definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man
3. definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | examples=a common friend
4. definition=commonly encountered | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint
5. definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | examples=common parlance
6. definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly
7. definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded
8. definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind
9. definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the sentence:** "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest <t>common</t> bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."
2.  **Identify the target word and context:** The target word is "common," and it modifies "bit of genetic material."
3.  **Determine the meaning of "common" in this context:** The researchers are looking for a piece of genetic material that is *shared* or *present* in all the tumor cells (or at least, the smallest piece that is shared/present across the samples being studied).
4.  **Examine the provided senses:**
    *   1. belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public (e.g., for the common good) -> *Not quite right. It's about sharing between samples, not public ownership.*
    *   2. having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual (e.g., the common man) -> *Possible, but "shared" is a stronger fit than "ordinary."*
    *   3. common to or shared by two or more parties (e.g., a common friend) -> *This perfectly matches the idea of genetic material being shared across multiple tumor cells.*
    *   4. commonly encountered (e.g., a common complaint) -> *Similar to 2, but 3 is more precise for biological sharing.*
    *   5. being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language (e.g., common parlance) -> *Irrelevant.*
    *   6. of or associated with the great masses of people (e.g., the common people) -> *Irrelevant.*
    *   7. of low or inferior quality or value (e.g., coarse metal) -> *Irrelevant.*
    *   8. lacking refinement or cultivation or taste (e.g., coarse manners) -> *Irrelevant.*
    *   9. to be expected; standard (e.g., common decency) -> *Possible, but "shared" (Sense 3) is the most accurate interpretation of "lost in all tumor cells."*
5.  **Select the best fit:** Sense 3 ("common to or shared by two or more parties") is the most accurate definition for "common genetic material lost in all tumor cells."

6.  **Final check:** The researchers are looking for a piece of material that is *shared* (common to) all the tumor cells. This aligns with Sense 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "bit" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common <t>bit</t> of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=a small piece or quantity of something | examples=a spot of tea
2. definition=a small fragment of something broken off from the whole | examples=a bit of rock caught him in the eye
3. definition=an indefinitely short time | examples=wait just a moment
4. definition=an instance of some kind | examples=it was a nice piece of work
5. definition=piece of metal held in horse's mouth by reins and used to control the horse while riding | examples=the horse was not accustomed to a bit
6. definition=a unit of measurement of information (from binary + digit); the amount of information in a system having two equiprobable states | examples=there are 8 bits in a byte
7. definition=a small amount of solid food; a mouthful | examples=all they had left was a bit of bread
8. definition=a small fragment | examples=overheard snatches of their conversation
9. definition=a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program | examples=he did his act three times every evening
10. definition=the part of a key that enters a lock and lifts the tumblers
11. definition=the cutting part of a drill; usually pointed and threaded and is replaceable in a brace or bitstock or drill press | examples=he looked around for the right size bit

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the sentence:** "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common <t>bit</t> of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."
2.  **Identify the target word and context:** The word is "bit," and the context is "smallest common bit of genetic material."
3.  **Determine the meaning of "bit" in this context:** Genetic material is composed of units. The researchers are looking for the smallest common unit or piece of genetic material.
4.  **Evaluate the provided senses:**
    *   1. a small piece or quantity of something | examples=a spot of tea (Fits the general idea of a small quantity/piece.)
    *   2. a small fragment of something broken off from the whole | examples=a bit of rock caught him in the eye (Implies breakage, not necessarily the fundamental unit.)
    *   3. an indefinitely short time (Incorrect.)
    *   4. an instance of some kind (Incorrect.)
    *   5. piece of metal (Incorrect.)
    *   6. a unit of measurement of information (from binary + digit); the amount of information in a system having two equiprobable states | examples=there are 8 bits in a byte (This is the technical definition of a "bit" in computing/information theory. While genetic material isn't strictly binary data, the term "bit" is often used metaphorically or technically to refer to the smallest unit of information/data, which aligns perfectly with the concept of the smallest unit of genetic material.)
    *   7. a small amount of solid food (Incorrect.)
    *   8. a small fragment (Similar to 2, but less specific to the unit concept.)
    *   9. a short theatrical performance (Incorrect.)
    *   10. the part of a key (Incorrect.)
    *   11. the cutting part of a drill (Incorrect.)
5.  **Compare the best candidates (1 and 6):**
    *   Sense 1 ("a small piece or quantity") is general.
    *   Sense 6 ("a unit of measurement of information") is highly specific and is the standard scientific/technical usage when discussing the smallest fundamental unit of data or information (which is what genetic material, when analyzed digitally or fundamentally, represents).
6.  **Conclusion:** Given the highly technical context (Johns Hopkins researchers, gene probes, chromosome 17, genetic material), the intended meaning of "bit" is the smallest unit of information/data, corresponding to Sense 6.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "genetic" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of <t>genetic</t> material lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | examples=an inherited disease
2. definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | examples=genic combinations
3. definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | examples=genetic research

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "genetic" is used in the provided sentence. The output must be *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence:** "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of <t>genetic</t> material lost in all tumor cells."

3.  **Analyze the context of "genetic":**
    *   The researchers are studying chromosomes (Chromosome 17).
    *   They are using "gene probes."
    *   They are looking for "material" (DNA/genes) that is "lost in all tumor cells."
    *   The word "genetic" modifies "material," referring to the nature of that material.

4.  **Evaluate the senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | examples=an inherited disease. (Focuses on inheritance patterns/diseases in families. Not the primary meaning here.)
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | examples=genic combinations. (Relates directly to genes, which are the fundamental units of genetic material. This fits perfectly with "gene probes" and "chromosome 17.")
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work. (Focuses on ancestry or origin, e.g., "genetic origin." While related to genes, the context is about the *nature* of the material, not its origin.)
    *   **Sense 4:** definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | examples=genetic research. (Refers to the field of study. The material itself is not the *science*.)

5.  **Determine the best fit:** The material being sought is DNA/genes, which are the physical components of genes. Therefore, "genetic material" means material *of or relating to a gene*. This corresponds to Sense 2.

6.  **Final Output Generation:** Return only the number 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "material" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic <t>material</t> lost in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object | examples=coal is a hard black material
2. definition=information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form | examples=the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography
3. definition=artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers | examples=the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent
4. definition=things needed for doing or making something | examples=writing materials
5. definition=a person judged suitable for admission or employment | examples=he was university material

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "material" (marked with `<t>material</t>`) is used in the provided sentence. The output must be *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence:** "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic <t>material</t> lost in all tumor cells."

3.  **Determine the context of "genetic material":** In biology and genetics, "genetic material" refers to the DNA or RNA—the instructions or data that make up an organism.

4.  **Evaluate the senses provided:**
    *   1. definition=the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object | examples=coal is a hard black material (This is physical substance, but "genetic material" is more abstract/informational in this context, though DNA *is* a substance. Let's check others.)
    *   2. definition=information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form | examples=the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography (This fits the concept of genetic information/data.)
    *   3. definition=artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers | examples=the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent (Irrelevant.)
    *   4. definition=things needed for doing or making something | examples=writing materials (Irrelevant.)
    *   5. definition=a person judged suitable for admission or employment | examples=he was university material (Irrelevant.)

5.  **Compare the context ("genetic material") with the best fit:**
    *   While DNA is physically a substance (Sense 1), the term "genetic material" is fundamentally used to refer to the *information* (the code, the data) that dictates traits.
    *   Sense 2 defines "information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form." This perfectly captures the function of genetic material.

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 2 is the most accurate fit for "genetic material."

7.  **Format the output:** Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "lose" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material <t>lost</t> in all tumor cells.

Senses:
1. definition=fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense | examples=She lost her purse when she left it unattended on her seat
2. definition=fail to win | examples=We lost the battle but we won the war
3. definition=suffer the loss of a person through death or removal | examples=She lost her husband in the war
4. definition=place (something) where one cannot find it again | examples=I misplaced my eyeglasses
5. definition=miss from one's possessions; lose sight of | examples=I've lost my glasses again!
6. definition=allow to go out of sight | examples=The detective lost the man he was shadowing after he had to stop at a red light
7. definition=fail to make money in a business; make a loss or fail to profit | examples=I lost thousands of dollars on that bad investment!
8. definition=fail to get or obtain | examples=I lost the opportunity to spend a year abroad
9. definition=retreat
10. definition=fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind | examples=I missed that remark
11. definition=be set at a disadvantage | examples=This author really suffers in translation

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:** The word is "lost" (past participle of "lose"). The context is: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material <t>lost</t> in all tumor cells."

2.  **Determine the meaning of "lost" in this context:** The researchers are searching for a specific piece of genetic material that is *missing* or *absent* in all the tumor cells. The genetic material was present (or expected to be present) but is not found.

3.  **Evaluate the provided senses of "lose":**

    *   1. fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have (Physical or abstract). *This fits the idea of something ceasing to be present.*
    *   2. fail to win. (Irrelevant - not about competition).
    *   3. suffer the loss of a person. (Irrelevant - not about people).
    *   4. place (something) where one cannot find it again (Misplace). *This implies accidental misplacement, not necessarily biological absence.*
    *   5. miss from one's possessions; lose sight of. (Irrelevant - not about personal items).
    *   6. allow to go out of sight. (Irrelevant - not about visibility).
    *   7. fail to make money. (Irrelevant - not about finance).
    *   8. fail to get or obtain. *This fits the idea of failing to find or acquire the material.*
    *   9. retreat. (Irrelevant - not about movement/strategy).
    *   10. fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind. (Irrelevant - not about perception).
    *   11. be set at a disadvantage. (Irrelevant - not about disadvantage).

4.  **Compare the best candidates (1 and 8):**

    *   Sense 1: "fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have." The genetic material has ceased to be present in the tumor cells. This is a very strong fit.
    *   Sense 8: "fail to get or obtain." The researchers failed to obtain/find the material in the tumor cells. This is also a strong fit.

5.  **Refine the choice based on scientific/biological context:** When discussing genetic material being absent in a sample, the concept is usually that the material is *not present* or *has been lost* (i.e., deleted, mutated, or absent from the genome). Sense 1 ("cease to have") captures this state of absence perfectly. Sense 8 focuses more on the *action* of the search failing, whereas Sense 1 describes the *state* of the material itself (it is absent/lost).

6.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1 is the most precise description of genetic material being absent from a cell population. (It means the material is no longer maintained or present in those cells).


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor <t>cells</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "cells" (marked with `<t>cells</t>`) is used in the provided sentence. The output must be only the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence:** "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor <t>cells</t>."

3.  **Determine the context:** The context is genetics, chromosomes, gene probes, and tumors. "Tumor cells" refers to the fundamental units of the cancerous growth.

4.  **Evaluate the senses:**
    *   1. any small compartment (e.g., honeycomb cells) - Incorrect.
    *   2. (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms... - Correct. Tumor cells are biological units.
    *   3. a device that delivers an electric current - Incorrect (battery/cell).
    *   4. a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement - Incorrect.
    *   5. a hand-held mobile radiotelephone - Incorrect (cell phone).
    *   6. small room in which a monk or nun lives - Incorrect (cell).
    *   7. a room where a prisoner is kept - Incorrect (jail cell).

5.  **Match the context to the sense:** The biological context (chromosomes, genes, tumors) matches Sense 2.

6.  **Formulate the final answer:** The correct number is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "piece" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Such a <t>piece</t> of DNA would probably constitute a gene.

Senses:
1. definition=a separate part of a whole | examples=an important piece of the evidence
2. definition=an item that is an instance of some type | examples=he designed a new piece of equipment
3. definition=a portion of a natural object | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts
4. definition=a musical work that has been created | examples=the composition is written in four movements
5. definition=an instance of some kind | examples=it was a nice piece of work
6. definition=an artistic or literary composition | examples=he wrote an interesting piece on Iran
7. definition=a portable gun | examples=he wore his firearm in a shoulder holster
8. definition=a serving that has been cut from a larger portion | examples=a piece of pie
9. definition=a distance | examples=it is down the road a piece
10. definition=a work of art of some artistic value | examples=this store sells only objets d'art
11. definition=a period of indeterminate length (usually short) marked by some action or condition | examples=he was here for a little while
12. definition=a share of something | examples=a slice of the company's revenue
13. definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the sentence:** "Such a <t>piece</t> of DNA would probably constitute a gene."
2.  **Identify the word in question:** "piece."
3.  **Determine the context:** The word "piece" is modifying "DNA" (Deoxyribonucleic Acid), which is a biological molecule. The context is molecular structure/biology.
4.  **Analyze the function of "piece" in this context:** A piece of DNA refers to a segment or section of the DNA molecule.
5.  **Evaluate the provided senses against the context:**

    *   1. definition=a separate part of a whole | examples=an important piece of the evidence (Fits: A segment is a separate part of the whole DNA molecule.)
    *   2. definition=an item that is an instance of some type | examples=he designed a new piece of equipment (Less likely; DNA is a molecule, not equipment.)
    *   3. definition=a portion of a natural object | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts (Fits: DNA is a natural object/molecule, and a segment is a portion.)
    *   4. definition=a musical work... (Irrelevant.)
    *   5. definition=an instance of some kind | examples=it was a nice piece of work (Too general/abstract.)
    *   6. definition=an artistic or literary composition | examples=he wrote an interesting piece on Iran (Irrelevant.)
    *   7. definition=a portable gun | examples=he wore his firearm... (Irrelevant.)
    *   8. definition=a serving that has been cut... (Irrelevant.)
    *   9. definition=a distance | examples=it is down the road a piece (Irrelevant.)
    *   10. definition=a work of art... (Irrelevant.)
    *   11. definition=a period of indeterminate length... (Irrelevant.)
    *   12. definition=a share of something | examples=a slice of the company's revenue (Possible, but 1 and 3 are more precise for molecular structure.)
    *   13. definition=game equipment... (Irrelevant.)

6.  **Compare the best fits (1 and 3):**
    *   Sense 1: "a separate part of a whole." (A segment of DNA is a separate part of the entire genome/DNA strand.)
    *   Sense 3: "a portion of a natural object." (DNA is a natural object, and a segment is a portion.)

7.  **Select the most appropriate sense:** Both 1 and 3 are technically correct. However, Sense 1 ("a separate part of a whole") is the most common and precise way to describe a segment of a larger structure (like a gene being a part of a larger DNA molecule). Sense 3 is also valid, but Sense 1 captures the relationship (part-to-whole) most directly.

8.  **Final check:** "A piece of DNA" means a segment or section of the DNA molecule. This is a separate part of the whole DNA. -> Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "probably" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Such a piece of DNA would <t>probably</t> constitute a gene.

Senses:
1. definition=with considerable certainty; without much doubt | examples=He is probably out of the country
2. definition=easy to believe on the basis of available evidence | examples=he talked plausibly before the committee

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to know which numbered sense of "probably" is used in the sentence: "Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene." The output must be only the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence context:**
    *   Sentence: "Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene."
    *   Meaning: Based on scientific knowledge/evidence (the nature of DNA and genes), it is highly likely that this piece of DNA *is* a gene.

3.  **Analyze the senses provided:**
    *   Sense 1: definition=with considerable certainty; without much doubt | examples=He is probably out of the country. (This implies a high degree of likelihood or near certainty.)
    *   Sense 2: definition=easy to believe on the basis of available evidence | examples=he talked plausibly before the committee. (This relates to plausibility or believability, often used when evaluating a statement or argument, not necessarily a physical fact.)

4.  **Match the context to the senses:**
    *   The sentence is making a prediction or a strong likelihood about a scientific fact (DNA structure). This aligns with "with considerable certainty."
    *   Sense 1 ("with considerable certainty") fits the context of scientific probability better than Sense 2 ("easy to believe/plausibly").

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct sense.

6.  **Format the output:** Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "constitute" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Such a piece of DNA would probably <t>constitute</t> a gene.

Senses:
1. definition=form or compose | examples=This money is my only income
2. definition=create and charge with a task or function | examples=nominate a committee
3. definition=to compose or represent: | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting
4. definition=set up or lay the groundwork for | examples=establish a new department

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the sentence:** "Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene."
2.  **Analyze the word "constitute" in context:** The sentence suggests that the piece of DNA *is* or *forms* a gene. It is defining or making up the entity "a gene."
3.  **Evaluate the senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** definition=form or compose | examples=This money is my only income. (This relates to making up a whole from parts, or being the nature of something. Fits the idea of DNA *forming* a gene.)
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=create and charge with a task or function | examples=nominate a committee. (This is about assigning roles/tasks. Does not fit.)
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=to compose or represent: | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting. (This means to be equivalent to or to make up something. Fits the idea of DNA *being* a gene.)
    *   **Sense 4:** definition=set up or lay the groundwork for | examples=establish a new department. (This is about initiation/foundation. Does not fit.)
4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1 (form or compose): "The DNA forms the gene."
    *   Sense 3 (to compose or represent): "The DNA is the gene."
    *   In the context of biological definition (DNA *is* a gene), both senses are very close, but Sense 3 ("to compose or represent") often captures the idea of equivalence or definition more precisely than Sense 1 ("form or compose," which can sometimes imply physical construction).
5.  **Re-examine the typical usage of "constitute" in scientific/definitional contexts:** When A constitutes B, it means A is B, or A is the necessary component that defines B.
    *   Example: "These elements constitute a periodic table." (They make up the table.)
    *   Example: "The evidence constitutes proof." (The evidence *is* the proof.)
    *   Sense 3 ("to compose or represent") is the most direct fit for this definitional/equivalence usage.

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 3 is the best fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "find" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: When they <t>found</t> it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over.

Senses:
1. definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | examples=We find this idea in Plato
2. definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water
3. definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | examples=Did you find your glasses?
4. definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | examples=find the product of two numbers
5. definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me
6. definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices
7. definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener
8. definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays
9. definition=make a discovery | examples=She found that he had lied to her
10. definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents
11. definition=decide on and make a declaration about | examples=find someone guilty
12. definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation
13. definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation
14. definition=get or find back; recover the use of | examples=She regained control of herself
15. definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the sentence:** "When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over."
2.  **Identify the key action:** "found it."
3.  **Analyze the context:** The phrase "the search was over" strongly implies that the object ("it") was being actively looked for (searched for).
4.  **Evaluate the senses of "find":**
    *   1. Come upon (accidentally). (Unlikely, as a search was ongoing.)
    *   2. Discover existence/presence (e.g., detecting lead). (Possible, but usually implies a scientific/analytical process, not just locating a lost item.)
    *   3. Come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost. (This perfectly matches the context of a search ending.)
    *   4. Establish after calculation. (Irrelevant.)
    *   5. Come to believe (emotionally). (Irrelevant.)
    *   6. Perceive/be contemporaneous. (Irrelevant.)
    *   7. Get for a specific purpose. (Irrelevant.)
    *   8. Make a discovery (new finding). (Possible, but sense 3 is more specific to the *act* of locating a lost item.)
    *   9. Make a discovery (general). (Too broad; sense 3 is more precise.)
    *   10. Obtain through effort/management. (Too broad/formal.)
    *   11. Decide/declare. (Irrelevant.)
    *   12. Receive treatment. (Irrelevant.)
    *   13. Perceive oneself. (Irrelevant.)
    *   14. Get or find back; recover. (Implies recovery, which is related, but sense 3 focuses on the successful completion of the search.)
    *   15. Succeed in reaching. (Irrelevant.)
    *   16. Accept personality/situation. (Irrelevant.)
5.  **Select the best fit:** Sense 3 ("come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost") is the most accurate fit for the context of a search concluding.

6.  **Final check:** "When they found it [after searching] last winter..." -> Matches Sense 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "last" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: When they found it <t>last</t> winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over.

Senses:
1. definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday
2. definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris
3. definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise
4. definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected
5. definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words
6. definition=conclusive in a process or progression | examples=the final answer
7. definition=highest in extent or degree | examples=to the last measure of human endurance
8. definition=not to be altered or undone | examples=the judge's decision is final
9. definition=lowest in rank or importance | examples=last prize

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the sentence:** "When they found it <t>last</t> winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over."
2.  **Identify the target word and context:** The word is "last," and it modifies "winter."
3.  **Determine the meaning of "last winter" in this context:** It refers to the most recent winter that occurred before the present time (or the time of the search).
4.  **Evaluate the provided senses against the meaning:**

    *   1. definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday. (This fits the idea of a specific, recent past time period.)
    *   2. definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris. (This also fits, as it refers to the most recent/final instance of a winter.)
    *   3. definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise. (No, it's a time marker, not an ending.)
    *   4. definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected. (No.)
    *   5. definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words. (No.)
    *   6. definition=conclusive in a process or progression | examples=the final answer. (No.)
    *   7. definition=highest in extent or degree | examples=to the last measure of human endurance. (No.)
    *   8. definition=not to be altered or undone | examples=the judge's decision is final. (No.)
    *   9. definition=lowest in rank or importance | examples=last prize. (No.)

5.  **Compare Senses 1 and 2:**
    *   Sense 1 (immediately past): "last Thursday." This is a specific, recent past date. "Last winter" functions similarly.
    *   Sense 2 (coming after all others in time...): "the last time I saw Paris." This emphasizes that it was the final instance of that event.

    In the phrase "last winter," the meaning is "the most recent winter." Both Sense 1 and Sense 2 capture this idea. However, Sense 2 is a broader definition that encompasses "most recent" or "final instance in a sequence." Sense 1 is very specific to short, immediate time frames (like a week). Since "last winter" refers to the most recent occurrence in a sequence of winters, Sense 2 is the most accurate and comprehensive fit.

6.  **Final Selection:** Sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "dubious" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was <t>dubious</t> that the search was over.

Senses:
1. definition=fraught with uncertainty or doubt | examples=they were doubtful that the cord would hold
2. definition=open to doubt or suspicion; ; ; ; - Karen Horney | examples=the candidate's doubtful past
3. definition=not convinced | examples=they admitted the force of my argument but remained dubious

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to know which numbered sense of "dubious" is used in the provided sentence. The output must be *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence:** "When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was <t>dubious</t> that the search was over."

3.  **Determine the meaning of "dubious" in context:** Dr. Vogelstein was uncertain or skeptical about the conclusion ("the search was over") even after finding something. He was not convinced it was definitively finished.

4.  **Evaluate the senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** definition=fraught with uncertainty or doubt | examples=they were doubtful that the cord would hold.
        *   *Match?* Yes. Being "dubious that X was over" means being uncertain or doubtful about X.

    *   **Sense 2:** definition=open to doubt or suspicion; ; ; ; - Karen Horney | examples=the candidate's doubtful past.
        *   *Match?* No. This sense usually describes a *thing* (a past, a claim) that is suspicious, not a person's state of mind regarding a conclusion.

    *   **Sense 3:** definition=not convinced | examples=they admitted the force of my argument but remained dubious.
        *   *Match?* Yes. Being "dubious that the search was over" means he was not convinced that the search was over.

5.  **Refine the choice (Sense 1 vs. Sense 3):**
    *   Sense 1: "fraught with uncertainty or doubt." (Focuses on the state of mind/feeling of doubt).
    *   Sense 3: "not convinced." (Focuses on the lack of belief/conviction).

    Both are very close synonyms in this context. However, the example provided for Sense 3 ("remained dubious" after hearing an argument) strongly aligns with the meaning of "not convinced." The example for Sense 1 ("they were doubtful") is a general statement of uncertainty.

    Let's re-examine the structure: "Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that..." This structure is most commonly used to express a lack of conviction or belief in a proposition.

    *   If I choose 1: He was uncertain that the search was over. (Accurate)
    *   If I choose 3: He was not convinced that the search was over. (Accurate)

    Since Sense 3 explicitly uses "not convinced" in its definition, and the sentence expresses a lack of conviction regarding the search being over, Sense 3 is the most precise fit based on the provided definitions.

6.  **Final check:** The sentence expresses skepticism/lack of belief. Sense 3 = "not convinced."

7.  **Format the output:** Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "search" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the <t>search</t> was over.

Senses:
1. definition=the activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something or someone
2. definition=an investigation seeking answers | examples=a thorough search of the ledgers revealed nothing
3. definition=an operation that determines whether one or more of a set of items has a specified property | examples=they wrote a program to do a table lookup
4. definition=the examination of alternative hypotheses | examples=his search for a move that would avoid checkmate was unsuccessful
5. definition=boarding and inspecting a ship on the high seas | examples=right of search

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the sentence:** "When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the <t>search</t> was over."
2.  **Determine the meaning of "search" in context:** The sentence implies that a process of looking for something (the "it" that was found) was ongoing or expected to continue, even after a discovery.
3.  **Evaluate the senses:**
    *   **1. definition=the activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something or someone:** This matches the idea of an ongoing effort to locate something.
    *   **2. definition=an investigation seeking answers | examples=a thorough search of the ledgers revealed nothing:** This is a type of search (investigation), but the core meaning is the *activity of looking*.
    *   **3. definition=an operation that determines whether one or more of a set of items has a specified property | examples=they wrote a program to do a table lookup:** This is a technical/computational sense, irrelevant here.
    *   **4. definition=the examination of alternative hypotheses | examples=his search for a move that would avoid checkmate was unsuccessful:** This is a specific, often academic/strategic, type of search, but the general meaning of "looking for something" is more appropriate.
    *   **5. definition=boarding and inspecting a ship on the high seas | examples=right of search:** This is a highly specific legal/maritime sense, irrelevant here.
4.  **Compare the best fits (1 and 2):**
    *   Sense 1 is the most general and direct definition of the activity of looking for something.
    *   Sense 2 is an *application* of the activity of looking (an investigation).
    *   Since the sentence simply refers to the activity of finding "it," Sense 1 is the most accurate and fundamental definition being used.

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "doubt" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His <t>doubts</t> stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=the state of being unsure of something
2. definition=uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something | examples=the dubiousness of his claim

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of "doubt" is used in the provided sentence. The output must be *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the Sentence:** "His <t>doubts</t> stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

3.  **Analyze the Context of "doubts":**
    *   The sentence structure is: "His doubts stemmed from the fact that [a specific scientific finding occurred]."
    *   The finding (p53 transforming cells) is a concrete, factual piece of scientific information.
    *   The "doubts" are related to this established fact or the implications/reliability of the research.

4.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** definition=the state of being unsure of something. (General uncertainty, hesitation.)
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something | examples=the dubiousness of his claim. (Specific uncertainty regarding truth/fact.)

5.  **Determine the Best Fit:**
    *   While Sense 1 (general uncertainty) is technically possible, the context (stemming from a specific scientific finding) strongly suggests the doubts are about the *validity*, *accuracy*, or *truth* of the research or its interpretation.
    *   Sense 2 explicitly covers "uncertainty about the truth or factuality." This aligns perfectly with questioning a scientific finding.

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 2 is the most precise fit.

7.  **Format the Output:** Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "stem" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts <t>stemmed</t> from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=grow out of, have roots in, originate in | examples=The increase in the national debt stems from the last war
2. definition=cause to point inward | examples=stem your skis
3. definition=stop the flow of a liquid | examples=staunch the blood flow
4. definition=remove the stem from | examples=for automatic natural language processing, the words must be stemmed

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the sentence:** "His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."
2.  **Identify the target word and its usage:** The word is "stemmed," and it is used in the phrase "His doubts stemmed from the fact..."
3.  **Determine the meaning of "stemmed from":** In this context, "stemmed from" means that the doubts originated or arose because of the subsequent fact.
4.  **Examine the provided senses:**
    *   1. definition=grow out of, have roots in, originate in | examples=The increase in the national debt stems from the last war
    *   2. definition=cause to point inward | examples=stem your skis
    *   3. definition=stop the flow of a liquid | examples=staunch the blood flow
    *   4. definition=remove the stem from | examples=for automatic natural language processing, the words must be stemmed
5.  **Match the meaning to the senses:** The meaning "originate in" or "grow out of" perfectly matches Sense 1.
6.  **Select the corresponding number:** The number is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "fact" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the <t>fact</t> that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case
2. definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts
3. definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact
4. definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "fact" (marked with `<t>fact</t>`) is used in the provided sentence. The output must be *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence:** "His doubts stemmed from the <t>fact</t> that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

3.  **Determine the function of "fact" in the sentence:**
    *   "The fact that..." introduces a clause (a piece of information/event) that serves as the reason ("stemmed from") for his doubts.
    *   The clause itself ("several years earlier a Princeton University researcher... had found...") describes a specific, verifiable event/finding.

4.  **Evaluate the senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case.
        *   *Match?* Yes. The clause following "fact" is a piece of information about an event (the finding by Levine).

    *   **Sense 2:** definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts.
        *   *Match?* This sense usually refers to multiple, supporting pieces of evidence (e.g., "He presented many facts"). While the content *is* verified information, the structure "the fact that [clause]" typically aligns more closely with Sense 1 (the information itself) or Sense 3 (the known event).

    *   **Sense 3:** definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact.
        *   *Match?* This sense focuses on the *status* of the information (it is known/true). The sentence is essentially saying, "His doubts stemmed from the *known event* that Levine found X." This is a very strong candidate.

    *   **Sense 4:** definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts.
        *   *Match?* No. This sense relates to philosophical or scientific proof, which is not the primary function here.

5.  **Distinguish between Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred." (Focus on the *content* as information.)
    *   Sense 3: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed." (Focus on the *status* of the content as a known reality.)

    In the structure "the fact that [clause]," the word "fact" functions as a nominalization of the entire clause, treating the clause as a known reality or event.
    *   "The fact that X happened" = "The known event that X happened."

    While Sense 1 is technically correct (it is a piece of information), Sense 3 captures the nuance of the usage better, emphasizing that this information is established and accepted as a reality ("known to have happened").

    *Self-Correction/Refinement:* In common usage, when "fact" introduces a clause ("the fact that..."), it is often used synonymously with "the reality that..." or "the truth that..." which aligns perfectly with Sense 3.

6.  **Final Selection:** Sense 3 is the most precise fit for "the fact that [clause]."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "several" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the fact that <t>several</t> years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many | examples=several letters came in the mail
2. definition=considered individually | examples=the respective club members
3. definition=distinct and individual | examples=three several times

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "several" is used in the provided sentence. The output must be only the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence:** "His doubts stemmed from the fact that <t>several</t> years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

3.  **Analyze the usage of "several":** "Several" modifies "years." "Years" is a count noun. The phrase "several years earlier" indicates a period of time that is more than two or three years, but not a large, indefinite number.

4.  **Analyze the senses provided:**
    *   **Sense 1:** definition=(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many | examples=several letters came in the mail
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=considered individually | examples=the respective club members
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=distinct and individual | examples=three several times

5.  **Match the usage to the senses:**
    *   The usage ("several years") fits the definition of Sense 1: "used with count nouns" and meaning "an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many."
    *   It does not fit Sense 2 (which relates to individual consideration, like "respective").
    *   It does not fit Sense 3 (which is a specific structural/grammatical sense, not the meaning of quantity here).

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct sense.

7.  **Format the output:** Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "year" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the fact that several <t>years</t> earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | examples=she is 4 years old
2. definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. definition=a body of students who graduate together | examples=the class of '97

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "years" (marked with `<t>years</t>`) is used in the provided sentence. The output must be only the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence:** "His doubts stemmed from the fact that several <t>years</t> earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

3.  **Analyze the context of "years":** The phrase is "several years earlier." This indicates a duration of time in the past.

4.  **Evaluate the senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | examples=she is 4 years old." (General duration of time.)
    *   **Sense 2:** "a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year." (Specific, structured period, like academic or fiscal year.)
    *   **Sense 3:** "the period of time that it takes for a planet... to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days." (Astronomical definition.)
    *   **Sense 4:** "a body of students who graduate together | examples=the class of '97." (Group of people.)

5.  **Match the context to the senses:**
    *   "Several years earlier" refers to a general span of time (e.g., 3, 5, 10 years ago).
    *   This matches the definition of Sense 1: "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days."

6.  **Conclusion:** The correct sense is 1.

7.  **Format the output:** Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "earlier" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years <t>earlier</t> a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=earlier in time; previously | examples=I had known her before
2. definition=comparatives of `soon' or `early' | examples=Come a little sooner, if you can
3. definition=before now | examples=why didn't you tell me in the first place?

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of "earlier" is used in the provided sentence. The output must be only the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence:** "His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years <t>earlier</t> a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

3.  **Analyze the context of "earlier":** "Several years earlier" refers to a point in the past relative to the time of the doubts/the current discussion. It indicates a previous time when the discovery was made.

4.  **Analyze the senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** definition=earlier in time; previously | examples=I had known her before. (Focuses on a specific point in the past relative to another point in the past or the present.)
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=comparatives of `soon' or `early' | examples=Come a little sooner, if you can. (Focuses on comparison of timing, often related to speed or promptness.)
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=before now | examples=why didn't you tell me in the first place? (Focuses on a general time before the present moment.)

5.  **Match the context to the senses:**
    *   The phrase "several years earlier" clearly places the discovery in a time *before* the time of the doubts.
    *   Does it fit Sense 1? Yes. It means "previously" or "at an earlier time."
    *   Does it fit Sense 2? No. It's not comparing promptness (like "sooner").
    *   Does it fit Sense 3? Yes, technically, it is "before now." However, Sense 1 is a more precise fit for temporal sequencing ("earlier in time; previously") when establishing a sequence of events (the discovery happened, and then the doubts arose).

6.  **Refine the choice (Sense 1 vs. Sense 3):**
    *   Sense 3 ("before now") is very broad.
    *   Sense 1 ("earlier in time; previously") specifically captures the function of establishing a sequence of events in the past (Event A happened, and then Event B happened). Since the sentence is setting up a historical context for the doubts, Sense 1 is the most accurate and specific definition for this usage.

7.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct sense.

8.  **Final Output Generation:** Return only the number 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "find" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had <t>found</t> in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | examples=We find this idea in Plato
2. definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water
3. definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | examples=Did you find your glasses?
4. definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | examples=find the product of two numbers
5. definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me
6. definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices
7. definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener
8. definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays
9. definition=make a discovery | examples=She found that he had lied to her
10. definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents
11. definition=decide on and make a declaration about | examples=find someone guilty
12. definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation
13. definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation
14. definition=get or find back; recover the use of | examples=She regained control of herself
15. definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the sentence:** "His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had <t>found</t> in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

2.  **Identify the context of "found":** The action ("found") occurred within "experiments with mice." The result of this action was the realization/determination that "a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

3.  **Determine the meaning of "found" in this context:** The researcher didn't just stumble upon the gene (like finding a lost key), nor did they calculate it (like finding a product). They used scientific investigation (experiments) to establish a fact or a relationship (the gene's function).

4.  **Evaluate the provided senses:**

    *   1. come upon, as if by accident; meet with (No, this is a deliberate scientific finding.)
    *   2. discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of (Yes, the researcher determined the existence/fact of the gene's transforming ability.)
    *   3. come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost (No, not about location.)
    *   4. establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (Yes, this perfectly matches the context of scientific experimentation.)
    *   5. come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds (No, this is based on empirical evidence.)
    *   6. perceive or be contemporaneous with (No.)
    *   7. get something or somebody for a specific purpose (No, not about acquiring an object.)
    *   8. make a discovery, make a new finding (Yes, this is very close, but Sense 4 is more specific to the *method* used—experimentation.)
    *   9. make a discovery (Yes, general discovery, but Sense 4 is more precise.)
    *   10. obtain through effort or management (No, not about obtaining a resource.)
    *   11. decide on and make a declaration about (No.)
    *   12. receive a specified treatment (abstract) (No.)
    *   13. perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place (No.)
    *   14. get or find back; recover the use of (No.)
    *   15. succeed in reaching; arrive at (No.)
    *   16. accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation (No.)

5.  **Compare the best candidates (2, 4, 8, 9):**
    *   Sense 2: discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of. (Accurate)
    *   Sense 4: establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study. (Most precise, as the sentence explicitly mentions "experiments.")
    *   Sense 8: make a discovery, make a new finding. (Accurate, but less specific than 4.)
    *   Sense 9: make a discovery. (Too general.)

6.  **Select the most precise fit:** Sense 4 specifically links the act of "finding" to the methodology used ("experiments"), making it the strongest match.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "experiment" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in <t>experiments</t> with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation
2. definition=the testing of an idea | examples=it was an experiment in living
3. definition=a venture at something new or different | examples=as an experiment he decided to grow a beard

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "experiments" (marked with `<t>`) is used in the provided sentence. The output must be *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence:** "His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in <t>experiments</t> with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

3.  **Analyze the context of "experiments":** The word "experiments" refers to the procedures or tests conducted by the researcher (Arnold Levine) using mice to discover the function of the p53 gene.

4.  **Analyze the senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** definition=the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation. (This matches the scientific context of testing a hypothesis using mice.)
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=the testing of an idea | examples=it was an experiment in living. (This is more abstract or philosophical, less fitting for a specific biological test.)
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=a venture at something new or different | examples=as an experiment he decided to grow a beard. (This refers to a trial or attempt, usually personal or creative, not a controlled scientific procedure.)

5.  **Match the context to the sense:** The use of "experiments with mice" clearly refers to controlled scientific tests/investigations. This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.

6.  **Formulate the final answer:** The correct number is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "mouse" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with <t>mice</t> that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=any of numerous small rodents typically resembling diminutive rats having pointed snouts and small ears on elongated bodies with slender usually hairless tails
2. definition=a swollen bruise caused by a blow to the eye
3. definition=person who is quiet or timid
4. definition=a hand-operated electronic device that controls the coordinates of a cursor on your computer screen as you move it around on a pad; on the bottom of the device is a ball that rolls on the surface of the pad | examples=a mouse takes much more room than a trackball

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "mouse" (or "mice") is used in the provided sentence. The output must be *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence:** "His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with <t>mice</t> that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."

3.  **Determine the context of "mice":** The word "mice" is used in the context of "experiments with mice." The subject of the experiment is biological, specifically related to cell transformation and cancer research (p53 gene).

4.  **Evaluate the senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "any of numerous small rodents typically resembling diminutive rats..." (Biological animal)
    *   Sense 2: "a swollen bruise caused by a blow to the eye" (Injury/Medical term)
    *   Sense 3: "person who is quiet or timid" (Personality trait/Slang)
    *   Sense 4: "a hand-operated electronic device..." (Computer peripheral)

5.  **Match the context to the sense:** The context (biological experiments, cancer research) clearly points to the animal.

6.  **Select the corresponding number:** Sense 1 matches the context.

7.  **Final Output Generation:** Return only the number 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "call" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene <t>called</t> p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | examples=They named their son David
2. definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard
3. definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | examples=I tried to call you all night
4. definition=utter a sudden loud cry | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle
5. definition=order, request, or command to come | examples=She was called into the director's office
6. definition=pay a brief visit | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'
8. definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!
10. definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'
13. definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. definition=demand payment of (a loan) | examples=Call a loan
15. definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | examples=He called his trump
16. definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance
17. definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty
25. definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name
26. definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the sentence:** "His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene <t>called</t> p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."
2.  **Identify the target word and context:** The target word is "called," and the context is "a gene called p53."
3.  **Determine the meaning of "called" in this context:** Here, "called" means that the gene has been given the name "p53."
4.  **Review the provided senses:** I need to find the sense that means "to assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to."
5.  **Check the senses list:**
    *   1. definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | examples=They named their son David
    *   2. definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard
    *   ... (other senses are irrelevant)
6.  **Match the meaning:** Sense 1 perfectly matches the usage ("a gene called p53" = a gene assigned the name p53).
7.  **Formulate the final answer:** The required output is only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "transform" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could <t>transform</t> normal cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=subject to a mathematical transformation
2. definition=change or alter in form, appearance, or nature | examples=This experience transformed her completely
3. definition=change in outward structure or looks | examples=He transformed into a monster
4. definition=change from one form or medium into another | examples=Braque translated collage into oil
5. definition=convert (one form of energy) to another | examples=transform energy to light
6. definition=change (a bacterial cell) into a genetically distinct cell by the introduction of DNA from another cell of the same or closely related species
7. definition=increase or decrease (an alternating current or voltage)

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the sentence:** "His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could <t>transform</t> normal cells into cancerous ones."
2.  **Identify the context:** The action is happening to "normal cells," and the result is them becoming "cancerous ones." This is a biological/genetic process.
3.  **Analyze the verb 'transform' in this context:** It means changing the nature or state of the normal cells into a cancerous state.
4.  **Evaluate the senses provided:**
    *   1. mathematical transformation (No)
    *   2. change or alter in form, appearance, or nature | examples=This experience transformed her completely (Plausible, as the nature of the cell changes, but is there a more specific biological sense?)
    *   3. change in outward structure or looks | examples=He transformed into a monster (Too focused on appearance/morphology, less on fundamental change in nature/function.)
    *   4. change from one form or medium into another | examples=Braque translated collage into oil (Too focused on medium/art.)
    *   5. convert (one form of energy) to another | examples=transform energy to light (Incorrect context.)
    *   6. change (a bacterial cell) into a genetically distinct cell by the introduction of DNA from another cell of the same or closely related species (This is specifically about genetic change/transformation in cells, often used in molecular biology/genetics, which perfectly matches the context of a gene (p53) causing a change in cell type/nature.)
    *   7. increase or decrease (an alternating current or voltage) (Incorrect context.)
5.  **Compare Sense 2 and Sense 6:**
    *   Sense 2 is general ("change or alter in form, appearance, or nature").
    *   Sense 6 is highly specific ("change (a bacterial cell) into a genetically distinct cell by the introduction of DNA...").
    *   While the sentence uses the general concept of change (Sense 2), the specific mechanism described (a gene, p53, causing a change from normal to cancerous) falls directly under the domain of genetic transformation, which is precisely what Sense 6 defines, even if the example in Sense 6 focuses on bacteria and DNA introduction, the core meaning of "transformation" in cell biology is the fundamental change in genetic identity or function.
6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 6 is the most precise and technically accurate definition for the use of "transform" in the context of genes and cell types. (Note: Although the sentence doesn't explicitly mention DNA introduction, the concept of a gene causing a fundamental change in cell nature is the definition of genetic transformation.)


[User]
Which numbered sense of "normal" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform <t>normal</t> cells into cancerous ones.

Senses:
1. definition=conforming with or constituting a norm or standard or level or type or social norm; not abnormal | examples=serve wine at normal room temperature
2. definition=in accordance with scientific laws
3. definition=being approximately average or within certain limits in e.g. intelligence and development | examples=a perfectly normal child
4. definition=forming a right angle

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "normal" (marked with `<t>normal</t>`) is used in the provided sentence. The output must be *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the sentence:** "His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform <t>normal</t> cells into cancerous ones."

3.  **Analyze the context of "normal":** The word "normal" modifies "cells." It refers to the state of the cells *before* they are transformed into cancerous ones.

4.  **Evaluate the senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** definition=conforming with or constituting a norm or standard or level or type or social norm; not abnormal | examples=serve wine at normal room temperature. (This relates to a standard or typical state/type.)
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=in accordance with scientific laws. (Too specific, usually applied to processes or phenomena, not the inherent state of a cell type in this context.)
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=being approximately average or within certain limits in e.g. intelligence and development | examples=a perfectly normal child. (This relates to statistical average or typical development/function.)
    *   **Sense 4:** definition=forming a right angle. (Irrelevant.)

5.  **Match the context to the senses:**
    *   When discussing biological cells, "normal cells" means cells that are typical, healthy, and functioning according to the standard biological state, as opposed to mutated or cancerous cells.
    *   Sense 1 ("conforming with or constituting a norm or standard or level or type or social norm; not abnormal") fits this perfectly. The cells are conforming to the standard, non-abnormal type of cell.
    *   Sense 3 (average/within limits) is often used for human development (like intelligence), but Sense 1 is the broader and more accurate fit for defining a standard biological state (non-abnormal/typical).

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct sense.

7.  **Format the output:** Return only the number.