[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vote
Target surface form: votes
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such <t>votes</t> takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: | definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: | definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: | definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: | definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such <t>votes</t> takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking."

2.  **Analyze the surrounding text/keywords:**
    *   "roll-call votes" (This specifies the type of vote).
    *   "national policy making" (This describes the subject matter of the votes).
    *   "legislator" (The actors are politicians/lawmakers).
    *   "attendance rates" (The action is showing up for the vote).

3.  **Determine the meaning of 'votes' in this context:** The context refers to formal proceedings in a legislative body (Congress/House) where members cast ballots on specific policies. This refers to the act or instance of casting a ballot/decision on a policy issue.

4.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **sense_key=vote%1:04:00:** definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person.
        *   *Fit:* High. A roll-call vote is an instance where a choice is made by counting votes/ballots. This sense refers to the specific act or instance of voting on an issue.

    *   **sense_key=vote%1:04:01:** definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote.
        *   *Fit:* Moderate. While the *result* of the roll-call vote is an opinion, the word 'votes' here refers to the *event* or *act* of voting, not the resulting opinion itself.

    *   **sense_key=vote%1:07:00:** definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920.
        *   *Fit:* Low. This refers to the constitutional right (suffrage), not the specific legislative action described.

    *   **sense_key=vote%1:14:00:** definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote.
        *   *Fit:* Low. This refers to a group of people (a voting bloc), not the action of voting.

    *   **sense_key=vote%1:09:00:** definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote.
        *   *Fit:* Low. This refers to the quantity of participants, not the specific roll-call action.

5.  **Select the best sense:** Sense 1 (vote%1:04:00) best captures the meaning of a formal, policy-related "roll-call vote" in a legislative setting—it is the specific instance of a choice being made by counting votes/ballots.

6.  **Final check:** The context is about legislators attending "roll-call votes" on "national policy making." This aligns perfectly with the definition of a choice made by counting votes/ballots (Sense 1).


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the <t>time</t> a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the <t>time</t> a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking."

2.  **Analyze the usage of 'time':** The phrase is "takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking."
    *   'Time' here is something that can be "devoted to" an activity (local benefit-seeking).
    *   It refers to the duration or quantity of effort/attention a legislator has available.
    *   The context contrasts attending national policy votes (which takes time) with focusing on local concerns.

3.  **Examine the candidate senses:**

    *   1. an instance or single occasion for some event (e.g., *this time*). -> Incorrect.
    *   2. a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something (e.g., *take time to smell the roses*; *I didn't have time to finish*). -> Highly relevant. Time is treated as a resource that can be allocated or spent.
    *   3. an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) (e.g., *he waited a long time*; *the time of year*). -> Plausible, but sense 2 captures the *resource* aspect better, which is key when discussing allocation ("devote to").
    *   4. a suitable moment (e.g., *it is time to go*). -> Incorrect.
    *   5. the continuum of experience... (philosophical/abstract). -> Incorrect.
    *   6. a person's experience on a particular occasion. -> Incorrect.
    *   7. a reading of a point in time as given by a clock. -> Incorrect.
    *   8. the fourth coordinate... (physics). -> Incorrect.
    *   9. rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration. -> Incorrect.
    *   10. the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned. -> Incorrect.

4.  **Compare the best candidates (2 and 3):**
    *   Sense 3 ("an indefinite period") is general.
    *   Sense 2 ("a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something") specifically addresses the concept of time as a limited resource that can be *devoted* or *spent* on tasks, which perfectly matches the context ("devote to local benefit - seeking").

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 2 is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: devote
Target surface form: devote
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise <t>devote</t> to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=devote%2:32:00:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=give, dedicate, consecrate, commit | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
2. sense_key=devote%2:31:00:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=give, pay | examples=give thought to; give priority to
3. sense_key=devote%2:40:00:: | definition=set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use | examples=this land was devoted to mining

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "devote" in the given context.
I need to choose the single best sense from the three provided candidates.

Context:
"...Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise <t>devote</t> to local benefit - seeking."

Target word: devote
Contextual meaning: The time a legislator could otherwise spend on "local benefit - seeking."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=devote%2:32:00:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=give, dedicate, consecrate, commit | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
2. sense_key=devote%2:31:00:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=give, pay | examples=give thought to; give priority to
3. sense_key=devote%2:40:00:: | definition=set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use | examples=this land was devoted to mining

Analysis:
The context is about time allocation. The legislator's time is being taken away from "local benefit - seeking."
"Devote to local benefit - seeking" means spending time on or dedicating effort to that activity.

Let's evaluate the senses:

Sense 1 (give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause): This fits well. Spending time on an activity (local benefit-seeking) means giving one's time/effort entirely to that cause/activity. Synonyms like 'dedicate' and 'commit' support this.
Sense 2 (dedicate): This is a general synonym for the action of dedicating time/effort. It is very close to Sense 1, but Sense 1 provides a more specific framing ("give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause"), which aligns well with the idea of time being taken away from a specific activity.
Sense 3 (set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use): This usually applies to objects or resources (like land, money, or time allocated beforehand). While time can be "set aside," the phrasing "takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to..." suggests the *action* of spending the time, rather than the *allocation* of the time.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 1: "give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause." (Focus on commitment/giving effort)
Sense 2: "dedicate." (General term)

In the context of time management ("takes away from the time... could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking"), the meaning is strongly about committing effort/time to that specific activity. Sense 1 captures this commitment aspect most precisely, especially when considering the examples ("give one's talents to a good cause").

Sense 3 is less appropriate because it focuses on setting aside/allocating, whereas the context describes the consequence of an action (participating in votes) preventing the *use* of time for a specific purpose.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

Final check: "takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote [give entirely to] local benefit - seeking." This makes perfect sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to <t>local</t> benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target word: "local"
    *   Context sentence: "Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking."
    *   Surrounding context: The passage discusses political behavior in Congress (House/Senate), specifically contrasting "local benefit-seeking" with "national policy making."

2.  **Analyze the meaning of "local" in the context:**
    *   The context contrasts "national policy making" (broad, large scale) with "local benefit-seeking."
    *   "Local benefit-seeking" implies focusing on benefits or concerns that are restricted, specific, or confined to a smaller area or group (i.e., the legislator's specific constituency/district, rather than the entire nation).

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (local%3:00:01):** "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area."
        *   *Fit:* This aligns well with the idea of focusing on a specific, smaller administrative area (city/town/district) rather than a larger area (nation). This is a strong candidate.

    *   **Sense 2 (local%3:01:01):** "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood."
        *   *Fit:* This is a broader definition of belonging to a specific place (locality/neighborhood). While "locality" is related to "district," the context emphasizes the *scope* of the benefit (narrow/restricted vs. national), making the administrative/restricted scope (Sense 1) slightly more precise in a political science context, but this is also a very strong candidate.

    *   **Sense 3 (local%3:00:02):** "affecting only a restricted part or area of the body."
        *   *Fit:* This is clearly incorrect. The context is political/legislative, not anatomical.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 2 (Refining the choice):**
    *   The core contrast is *national* vs. *local*.
    *   "National policy making" refers to policies affecting the entire nation.
    *   "Local benefit-seeking" refers to policies/benefits affecting a specific, smaller area (the legislator's district/constituency).
    *   Sense 1 focuses on the *administration* or *application* within a city/town/district, contrasting it with a larger area. This captures the political scope perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 focuses on *belonging* to a locality/neighborhood. While true, Sense 1 better captures the *function* or *scope* of the benefit being sought (i.e., benefits specific to the local administrative unit).

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 provides the most precise fit for "local" when contrasted with "national policy making" in the context of legislative behavior and constituent concerns.

6.  **Final check:** The context is about legislators focusing on "local benefit-seeking" instead of "national policy making." Sense 1: "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area." This is the best match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: indicate
Target surface form: indicate
Context:
Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data <t>indicate</t>, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=indicate%2:32:01:: | definition=be a signal for or a symptom of | synonyms=bespeak, betoken, point, signal | examples=These symptoms indicate a serious illness; Her behavior points to a severe neurosis
2. sense_key=indicate%2:32:03:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=point, designate, show | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
3. sense_key=indicate%2:32:00:: | definition=to state or express briefly | examples=indicated his wishes in a letter
4. sense_key=indicate%2:32:02:: | definition=give evidence of | synonyms=argue | examples=The evidence argues for your claim; The results indicate the need for more work
5. sense_key=indicate%2:32:04:: | definition=suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine | synonyms=suggest | examples=Tetracycline is indicated in such cases

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "indicate" in the given context.

Context:
"Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data <t>indicate</t>, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959."

Target word: indicate (plural form 'indicate' used with 'data', which is treated as plural here).

Analysis of the context:
The preceding sentence sets up a hypothesis: If the key assumption (that legislators prioritize local benefit-seeking) is true, then Democrats (who focus more on local issues) should have lower attendance rates on national roll-call votes than Republicans.
The sentence containing the target word states: "This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House."
The data (the attendance rates) are being used to confirm or support the hypothesis (the expected lower attendance rates for Democrats).

Evaluation of candidate senses:

1. sense_key=indicate%2:32:01:: | definition=be a signal for or a symptom of | synonyms=bespeak, betoken, point, signal | examples=These symptoms indicate a serious illness; Her behavior points to a severe neurosis
*Relevance:* Data serving as evidence/signal for a conclusion. This is highly relevant.

2. sense_key=indicate%2:32:03:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=point, designate, show | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
*Relevance:* Not relevant. The data are not pointing to a physical location or object in this sense.

3. sense_key=indicate%2:32:00:: | definition=to state or express briefly | examples=indicated his wishes in a letter
*Relevance:* Not relevant. The data are not making a brief statement in the sense of communication.

4. sense_key=indicate%2:32:02:: | definition=give evidence of | synonyms=argue | examples=The evidence argues for your claim; The results indicate the need for more work
*Relevance:* Extremely relevant. "The data indicate" means "The data give evidence of." This matches the function perfectly.

5. sense_key=indicate%2:32:04:: | definition=suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine | synonyms=suggest | examples=Tetracycline is indicated in such cases
*Relevance:* Not relevant. This is a specialized medical sense.

Comparison between Sense 1 and Sense 4:
Sense 1: "be a signal for or a symptom of" (synonyms: bespeak, betoken, point, signal)
Sense 4: "give evidence of" (synonyms: argue)

Both senses capture the idea of data supporting a conclusion. Sense 4, "give evidence of," is a more precise and direct match for the function of empirical data in a scientific/academic context ("The data indicate X"). While Sense 1 is close, Sense 4 specifically addresses the role of data/results as proof or evidence, which is the core meaning here.

Therefore, Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: case
Context:
Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the <t>case</t> of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the <t>case</t> of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959."
2.  **Determine the meaning of 'case' in context:** The word 'case' refers to a specific instance or example being discussed (the House of Representatives). The preceding text discusses a general trend (Democrats having lower attendance rates than Republicans) and then specifies where this trend is particularly evident.
3.  **Examine the candidate senses:**
    *   1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
    *   2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
    *   3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law...
    *   4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things
    *   ... (other senses relate to containers, people, grammar, etc.)
4.  **Match the context to the senses:**
    *   The phrase "in the case of the House" means "in the specific instance/example of the House."
    *   Sense 1 ("an occurrence of something," synonyms: instance, example) is a perfect match.
    *   Sense 2 ("a special set of circumstances") is close, but Sense 1 is more direct for referring to a specific entity (the House) as an example.
5.  **Select the best fit:** Sense 1 is the most precise fit for 'case' meaning 'instance' or 'example' when referring to a specific group or situation (the House).
6.  **Format the output:** Return the selected sense index in the required JSON format.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democratic
Target surface form: Democratic
Context:
Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The <t>Democratic</t> House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democratic%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. sense_key=democratic%3:01:00:: | definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. sense_key=democratic%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "Democratic" based on the provided context.

Context:
"Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The <t>Democratic</t> House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."

Target word: Democratic (in "The Democratic House attendance rate...")

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democratic%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. sense_key=democratic%3:01:00:: | definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. sense_key=democratic%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

Analysis:
1. **Contextual clues:** The text frequently contrasts "Democratic legislators" and "Republican colleagues/Republicans." This strongly suggests a political party affiliation context.
2. **Specific instance:** The target phrase is "The Democratic House attendance rate." In US politics, the House (referring to the US House of Representatives) is often described as being controlled by a specific party (Democratic or Republican).
3. **Evaluating senses:**
    * Sense 1 (Principles of democracy): While the US system is democratic, using "Democratic House" to mean "a house operating under democratic principles" is less specific than using it to denote party control, especially when contrasted with "Republican colleagues."
    * Sense 2 (Belong to or relating to the Democratic Party): This perfectly matches the context of "Democratic legislators" and the contrast with "Republican colleagues." "The Democratic House" refers to the party controlling the House.
    * Sense 3 (Representing the people at large/Popular): This sense relates to the concept of democracy itself (popular rule), but Sense 2 is a much tighter fit given the explicit mention of "Republican" counterparts throughout the passage.

Conclusion: Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attendance
Target surface form: attendance
Context:
Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House <t>attendance</t> rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attendance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.) | synonyms=attending
2. sense_key=attendance%1:28:00:: | definition=the frequency with which a person is present | examples=a student's attendance is an important factor in her grade
3. sense_key=attendance%1:14:00:: | definition=the number of people that are present | examples=attendance was up by 50 per cent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "attendance" based on the provided context and candidate senses.

Context:
"Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House <t>attendance</t> rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices..."

Target word: attendance
Contextual phrase: "The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959."

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=attendance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.) | synonyms=attending
2. sense_key=attendance%1:28:00:: | definition=the frequency with which a person is present | examples=a student's attendance is an important factor in her grade
3. sense_key=attendance%1:14:00:: | definition=the number of people that are present | examples=attendance was up by 50 per cent

Analysis:
The context discusses "attendance rates" of legislators (members of the House) on "roll-call votes."
When discussing rates of presence for a group (like a legislative body) in a specific event (like a vote), we are measuring how often or how many times they show up.

Sense 1 (the act of being present): This is too general. While related, the context uses "rate," suggesting a quantifiable measure.
Sense 2 (the frequency with which a person is present): This fits well with "attendance rate" in a political context (how often they vote/show up).
Sense 3 (the number of people that are present): While attendance *is* a number, "rate" usually implies a proportion or frequency over time/events, rather than just a snapshot count.

Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 3:
If the context said, "The attendance at the vote was low," Sense 3 might be relevant (the count).
Since the context says "attendance rate," it strongly suggests a measure of frequency or proportion (e.g., 80% attendance rate).

Sense 2: "the frequency with which a person is present." This aligns perfectly with the concept of an "attendance rate" in a legislative setting.

Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rate
Target surface form: rate
Context:
Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance <t>rate</t> has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rate%1:28:00:: | definition=a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit | examples=they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour; the rate of change was faster than expected
2. sense_key=rate%1:21:00:: | definition=amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis | synonyms=charge per unit | examples=a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5
3. sense_key=rate%1:07:00:: | definition=the relative speed of progress or change | synonyms=pace | examples=he lived at a fast pace; he works at a great rate
4. sense_key=rate%1:24:00:: | definition=a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure | examples=the literacy rate; the retention rate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "rate" in the given context.

Context: "The Democratic House attendance <t>rate</t> has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959."

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=rate%1:28:00:: | definition=a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit | examples=they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour; the rate of change was faster than expected
2. sense_key=rate%1:21:00:: | definition=amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis | synonyms=charge per unit | examples=a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5
3. sense_key=rate%1:07:00:: | definition=the relative speed of progress or change | synonyms=pace | examples=he lived at a fast pace; he works at a great rate
4. sense_key=rate%1:24:00:: | definition=a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure | examples=the literacy rate; the retention rate

Analysis:
The phrase is "House attendance rate". Attendance is a count (number of people present). A rate of attendance, in this context, refers to the proportion or percentage of expected attendance, or perhaps the frequency of attendance over a period.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **rate%1:28:00 (magnitude/frequency relative to time unit):** While attendance can be measured over time, the core concept here is the proportion of attendance, not necessarily speed (like miles per hour).
2. **rate%1:21:00 (charge/payment):** Irrelevant.
3. **rate%1:07:00 (speed/pace):** Irrelevant.
4. **rate%1:24:00 (quantity/amount/measure considered as a proportion of another quantity):** This fits perfectly. Attendance rate is a measure (quantity/amount) calculated as a proportion (e.g., actual attendance / total possible attendance). The examples provided (literacy rate, retention rate) are classic examples of proportional measures.

Conclusion: Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the <t>Republican</t> House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "Republican" based on the provided context and candidate senses.

Target word: Republican
Context: "The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the <t>Republican</t> House attendance rate since 1959."

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Analysis:
The context discusses "Democratic legislators," "Republican colleagues," "GOP senators," and "House attendance rate." These terms relate to political parties and legislative bodies in the US.

Sense 1: "relating to or belonging to the Republican Party." This aligns perfectly with the context where "Republican" is used to distinguish members of the Republican Party from members of the Democratic Party (e.g., "Republican colleagues," "GOP senators," "Republican House attendance rate").

Sense 2: "having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote..." This refers to the concept of a republican form of government (a political system), not a specific party affiliation. While the context is political, the usage here is clearly identifying a group of legislators based on their party affiliation, not describing the nature of the government itself.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct and most specific sense in this context.

Constraint Checklist & Confidence Score:
1. Choose single best indexed sense: Yes.
2. Use context/synonyms/examples: Yes.
3. Do not answer with WordNet sense key: Yes.
4. Return only JSON object: Yes.

Confidence Score: 5/5 (High certainty)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attendance
Target surface form: attendance
Context:
Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House <t>attendance</t> rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attendance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.) | synonyms=attending
2. sense_key=attendance%1:28:00:: | definition=the frequency with which a person is present | examples=a student's attendance is an important factor in her grade
3. sense_key=attendance%1:14:00:: | definition=the number of people that are present | examples=attendance was up by 50 per cent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "attendance" in the given context.

Context:
"Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House <t>attendance</t> rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."

Target word: "attendance" (in "Republican House attendance rate")

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attendance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.) | synonyms=attending
2. sense_key=attendance%1:28:00:: | definition=the frequency with which a person is present | examples=a student's attendance is an important factor in her grade
3. sense_key=attendance%1:14:00:: | definition=the number of people that are present | examples=attendance was up by 50 per cent

Analysis:
The context discusses "attendance rates on roll-call votes" and compares the "Democratic House attendance rate" to the "Republican House attendance rate."

1. **Sense 1 (the act of being present):** This is too general. While attendance relates to being present, the context uses "rate," suggesting a quantifiable measure.
2. **Sense 2 (the frequency with which a person is present):** This aligns well with the concept of a "rate" (e.g., percentage of time present). If a legislator has a lower attendance rate, it means they are present less frequently or less often. This fits the discussion of roll-call votes and time devoted to local benefit-seeking.
3. **Sense 3 (the number of people that are present):** While attendance can be a count, the phrase "attendance rate" strongly suggests a proportion or frequency (a percentage), not just a raw count. The examples for Sense 3 also focus on a count ("up by 50 per cent" could be a count increase, but the definition is "the number of people").

Conclusion:
The phrase "attendance rate" in the context of legislative votes refers to the proportion or frequency of presence. Sense 2, "the frequency with which a person is present," is the most accurate fit for a legislative attendance *rate*.

Therefore, sense_key=attendance%1:28:00 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rate
Target surface form: rate
Context:
Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance <t>rate</t> since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rate%1:28:00:: | definition=a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit | examples=they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour; the rate of change was faster than expected
2. sense_key=rate%1:21:00:: | definition=amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis | synonyms=charge per unit | examples=a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5
3. sense_key=rate%1:07:00:: | definition=the relative speed of progress or change | synonyms=pace | examples=he lived at a fast pace; he works at a great rate
4. sense_key=rate%1:24:00:: | definition=a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure | examples=the literacy rate; the retention rate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "rate" in the given context.

Context:
"...Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance <t>rate</t> since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices..."

Target word: "rate" (in "Republican House attendance rate")

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rate%1:28:00:: | definition=a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit | examples=they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour; the rate of change was faster than expected
2. sense_key=rate%1:21:00:: | definition=amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis | synonyms=charge per unit | examples=a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5
3. sense_key=rate%1:07:00:: | definition=the relative speed of progress or change | synonyms=pace | examples=he lived at a fast pace; he works at a great rate
4. sense_key=rate%1:24:00:: | definition=a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure | examples=the literacy rate; the retention rate

Analysis:
The phrase is "House attendance rate". Attendance is a measure of presence or participation. A rate of attendance typically refers to the proportion or percentage of expected attendees who actually attend.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **Magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit:** While attendance can be measured over time, the core concept here is the proportion of attendance, not necessarily speed or frequency (like miles per hour).
2. **Amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis:** Irrelevant.
3. **Relative speed of progress or change:** Irrelevant.
4. **A quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure:** This perfectly matches the concept of an "attendance rate" (e.g., 75% attendance rate means 75 out of 100 expected attendees). The examples provided (literacy rate, retention rate) are also examples of proportional measures.

Conclusion: Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: shown
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as <t>shown</t> in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "Finally, as <t>shown</t> in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
2.  **Identify the target word and its form:** Target lemma is 'show', surface form is 'shown'.
3.  **Determine the function of 'shown' in the context:** 'As shown in the table' means that the table provides the evidence or illustration for the claim that Democrats allocate a higher proportion of staff to district offices.
4.  **Examine the candidate senses for relevance:**
    *   1. give an exhibition of... (Presenting a demonstration) - Possible, but usually implies a live presentation.
    *   2. establish the validity of something... (Prove, demonstrate) - Possible, but often used for abstract concepts (the conjecture).
    *   3. provide evidence for (testify, bear witness, prove, evidence) - Highly relevant. A table *provides evidence* or *shows* the data.
    *   4. make visible or noticeable - Less likely; the table makes the data visible, but 'provide evidence' is more precise for data presentation.
    *   5. show in, or as in, a picture (depict, render) - Relevant if the table were a picture, but 'provide evidence' is better for data analysis.
    *   6. give expression to (express, evince) - Not applicable.
    *   7. indicate a place, direction, person, or thing (indicate, point, designate) - Possible, as the table *indicates* the allocation, but 'provide evidence' captures the function of the data better.
    *   8. be or become visible or noticeable - Not applicable (passive voice, but the meaning is about the table's function).
    *   9. indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments - Not applicable (not a gauge).
    *   10. give evidence of, as of records (The diary shows his distress) - Very relevant. This sense specifically relates to records/data showing something.
    *   11. take (someone) to their seats - Not applicable.
    *   12. finish third or better in a race - Not applicable.
5.  **Compare the best candidates (3 and 10):**
    *   Sense 3: "provide evidence for" (synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence).
    *   Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records" (examples: The diary shows his distress that evening).
6.  **Select the best fit:** The context refers to a *table*, which is a form of record/data. Sense 10 ("give evidence of, as of records") is extremely precise for the function of a table in academic/analytical writing ("as shown in the table"). Sense 3 is broader ("provide evidence for"), while Sense 10 specifies the source type (records/data).
7.  **Final check:** "As shown in the table" = "As the table gives evidence of." This matches Sense 10.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: table
Target surface form: table
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the <t>table</t>, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=table%1:14:00:: | definition=a set of data arranged in rows and columns | synonyms=tabular array | examples=see table 1
2. sense_key=table%1:06:01:: | definition=a piece of furniture having a smooth flat top that is usually supported by one or more vertical legs | examples=it was a sturdy table
3. sense_key=table%1:06:02:: | definition=a piece of furniture with tableware for a meal laid out on it | examples=I reserved a table at my favorite restaurant
4. sense_key=table%1:17:00:: | definition=flat tableland with steep edges | synonyms=mesa | examples=the tribe was relatively safe on the mesa but they had to descend into the valley for water
5. sense_key=table%1:14:01:: | definition=a company of people assembled at a table for a meal or game | examples=he entertained the whole table with his witty remarks
6. sense_key=table%1:13:01:: | definition=food or meals in general | synonyms=board | examples=she sets a fine table; room and board

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "table" in the provided context.

Context:
"Finally, as shown in the <t>table</t>, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff."

The word "table" appears twice.
1. "as shown in the table"
2. "the personal staffing differences noted in the table"

The context discusses data, allocations, staffing decisions, and differences between political groups (Democrats and Republicans). When data or differences are "noted in the table," it strongly suggests a structured presentation of information.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=table%1:14:00:: | definition=a set of data arranged in rows and columns | synonyms=tabular array | examples=see table 1
2. sense_key=table%1:06:01:: | definition=a piece of furniture having a smooth flat top that is usually supported by one or more vertical legs | examples=it was a sturdy table
3. sense_key=table%1:06:02:: | definition=a piece of furniture with tableware for a meal laid out on it | examples=I reserved a table at my favorite restaurant
4. sense_key=table%1:17:00:: | definition=flat tableland with steep edges | synonyms=mesa | examples=the tribe was relatively safe on the mesa but they had to descend into the valley for water
5. sense_key=table%1:14:01:: | definition=a company of people assembled at a table for a meal or game | examples=he entertained the whole table with his witty remarks
6. sense_key=table%1:13:01:: | definition=food or meals in general | synonyms=board | examples=she sets a fine table; room and board

Analysis:
The context refers to "personal staffing differences" and how they are "noted in the table." This usage aligns perfectly with the definition of a structured presentation of data.

Sense 1: "a set of data arranged in rows and columns." This matches the usage "as shown in the table" when presenting statistical or comparative information (like staffing differences).

Sense 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 refer to physical objects, groups of people, or food, none of which fit the context of presenting statistical differences in staffing allocations.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democrat
Target surface form: Democrats
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, <t>Democrats</t> allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democrat%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Democratic Party
2. sense_key=democrat%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate of democratic principles | synonyms=populist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target surface form "Democrats" based on the provided context.

Target lemma: democrat
Target surface form: Democrats
Context: "First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, <t>Democrats</t> allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democrat%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Democratic Party
2. sense_key=democrat%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate of democratic principles | synonyms=populist

Analysis of the context:
The context discusses "GOP senators," "congressional Republicans," "roll-call votes," "House," "Senate," "party status," and "personal staffs" of legislators. The Democrats mentioned are being compared to Republicans in terms of political behavior (staff budget usage, attendance rates, allocation of staff to district offices).

This strongly indicates that "Democrats" refers to members of the Democratic political party, not individuals advocating for democratic principles (though the Democratic Party is generally associated with democratic principles, the specific usage here is partisan).

Comparing with candidates:
1. sense_key=democrat%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Democratic Party. This matches the context perfectly (referring to members of the political party).
2. sense_key=democrat%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate of democratic principles. This is a philosophical/political ideal sense, which is not supported by the discussion of party affiliation, voting records, and staff budgets.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: proportion
Target surface form: proportion
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher <t>proportion</t> of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proportion%1:24:00:: | definition=the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole
2. sense_key=proportion%1:07:00:: | definition=magnitude or extent | synonyms=dimension | examples=a building of vast proportions
3. sense_key=proportion%1:25:00:: | definition=balance among the parts of something | synonyms=symmetry
4. sense_key=proportion%1:24:01:: | definition=the relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity, magnitude, or degree | synonyms=ratio | examples=an inordinate proportion of the book is given over to quotations; a dry martini has a large proportion of gin
5. sense_key=proportion%1:07:01:: | definition=harmonious arrangement or relation of parts or elements within a whole (as in a design); - John Ruskin | synonyms=proportionality, balance | examples=in all perfectly beautiful objects there is found the opposition of one part to another and a reciprocal balance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "proportion" in the given context.

Context: "Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher <t>proportion</t> of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."

Target word: proportion

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proportion%1:24:00:: | definition=the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole (Fraction/Ratio)
2. sense_key=proportion%1:07:00:: | definition=magnitude or extent | synonyms=dimension | examples=a building of vast proportions (Size/Scale)
3. sense_key=proportion%1:25:00:: | definition=balance among the parts of something | synonyms=symmetry (Balance/Symmetry)
4. sense_key=proportion%1:24:01:: | definition=the relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity, magnitude, or degree | synonyms=ratio | examples=an inordinate proportion of the book is given over to quotations; a dry martini has a large proportion of gin (Ratio/Relative amount)
5. sense_key=proportion%1:07:01:: | definition=harmonious arrangement or relation of parts or elements within a whole (as in a design); - John Ruskin | synonyms=proportionality, balance (Aesthetic balance)

Analysis of the context:
"Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices..."

Here, "proportion" refers to the relative amount or share of the total staff that is assigned to district offices. It is a measure of how much of the whole (total staff) is dedicated to a specific part (district offices).

Comparing with candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proportion%1:24:00: Focuses on the quotient (mathematical division). While related, sense 4 is broader and fits the usage better.
2. sense_key=proportion%1:07:00: Refers to general magnitude or extent (e.g., "vast proportions"). This is too general; the context specifies a *share* of a whole.
3. sense_key=proportion%1:25:00: Refers to balance/symmetry. This is incorrect.
4. sense_key=proportion%1:24:01: Definition: "the relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity, magnitude, or degree." Synonyms: ratio. Example: "a dry martini has a large proportion of gin." This perfectly matches the idea of a share or relative amount (e.g., "a higher proportion of staff").
5. sense_key=proportion%1:07:01: Refers to harmonious arrangement/proportionality in design. This is incorrect.

Sense 4 is the best fit, as it captures the meaning of a relative share or amount of a whole.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index. Sense 4 corresponds to index 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their <t>personal</t> staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "personal" in the given context.
The context is about political staffing decisions of US Senators (GOP vs Democrats).

Context snippet: "Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their <t>personal</t> staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."

The word "personal" modifies "staffs". These staffs are associated with individual legislators (Senators). The context discusses how these staffs are allocated to district offices versus Washington offices, linking this allocation to "local benefit - seeking" versus "national policy making activities."

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=personal%3:00:00**: concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality. (e.g., a personal favor)
2. **sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective**: particular to a given individual.
3. **sense_key=personal%3:01:01**: of or arising from personality. (e.g., personal magnetism)
4. **sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical**: intimately concerning a person's body or physical being. (e.g., personal hygiene)
5. **sense_key=personal%3:01:00**: indicating grammatical person.

The staffs mentioned are the staff members assigned to individual legislators (Senators). In this political context, "personal staff" refers to the staff directly employed by the individual politician, rather than the general staff of the party or committee.

*   Sense 1 (private life/personality): While staff are related to the person, this sense often implies private matters (like finances or health). Here, the staff performs political duties (local benefit-seeking).
*   Sense 2 (particular to a given individual): This fits well. The staff belongs specifically to that individual legislator.
*   Sense 3 (arising from personality): This is too abstract and psychological for describing a job function/staff allocation.
*   Sense 4 (physical): Irrelevant.
*   Sense 5 (grammatical): Irrelevant.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 2 ("particular to a given individual") is a broader and more accurate description of the function of "personal staff" in a political context—it means the staff is dedicated to that specific individual's needs and representation.
Sense 1 ("concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality") is too narrow, focusing heavily on the "private life" aspect, whereas here the staff is involved in public political duties (local benefit-seeking).

Therefore, Sense 2, meaning "particular to a given individual," is the best fit for "personal staffs" belonging to individual senators.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index. Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.