[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: said
Context:
PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now. I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this morning. Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, <t>said</t>, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I agreed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "said" (past tense of "say") based on the provided context and candidate senses.

Context: "Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, <t>said</t>, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I agreed."

The target word is the second instance of "said", which is used as a dialogue tag, indicating that the woman spoke the following words: "Isn't it great just to be alive?".

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you**
   * This sense covers the general act of speaking or expressing thoughts/words. This fits the dialogue tag usage perfectly.

2. **sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war**
   * This is used for reporting claims or facts, often in a formal or legal context. While possible, the context is casual conversation, and sense 1 is broader and more appropriate for a simple dialogue tag.

3. **sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?**
   * This is used for hypothesizing or assuming. Not applicable here.

4. **sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?**
   * Used when referring to content or structure (e.g., a law, a passage). Not applicable.

5. **sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping**
   * Used for commanding. Not applicable.

6. **sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'**
   * Focuses on the manner of speech (pronunciation). While related to speaking, sense 1 is a better fit for the general act of uttering a statement.

7. **sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?**
   * Used for nonverbal communication (e.g., art, facial expressions). Not applicable.

8. **sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office**
   * This is very close to sense 1, focusing on the physical act of speaking aloud.

9. **sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business**
   * Used for declaring an opinion or judgment. While the woman is expressing an opinion, sense 1 is the most general and encompassing definition for dialogue tags.

10. **sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'**
    * Used for reciting fixed texts. Not applicable.

11. **sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon**
    * Used for indicating time or information. Not applicable.

Comparing the best candidates (1, 8, 9):
* Sense 1: "express in words" (General communication/statement)
* Sense 8: "utter aloud" (Physical act of speaking)
* Sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement" (Focus on content/stance)

The context is a simple conversational exchange where the woman is making a statement ("Isn't it great just to be alive?"). Sense 1, "express in words," is the most comprehensive and standard definition for the function of a dialogue tag, covering both the physical act of speaking and the communicative act of expressing a thought. Sense 8 is also very strong, but Sense 1 is the broader, primary definition for this usage.

I will choose sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: great
Target surface form: great
Context:
PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now. I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this morning. Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it <t>great</t> just to be alive? "I agreed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=great%5:00:01:large:00 | definition=relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind | examples=a great juicy steak; a great multitude
2. sense_key=great%5:00:01:important:00 | definition=of major significance or importance | synonyms=outstanding | examples=a great work of art; Einstein was one of the outstanding figures of the 20th centurey
3. sense_key=great%5:00:01:extraordinary:00 | definition=remarkable or out of the ordinary in degree or magnitude or effect | examples=a great crisis; had a great stake in the outcome
4. sense_key=great%5:00:00:good:01 | definition=very good | synonyms=bang-up, bully, corking, cracking, dandy, groovy | examples=he did a bully job; a neat sports car
5. sense_key=great%5:00:00:uppercase:00 | definition=uppercase | synonyms=capital, majuscule | examples=capital A; great A
6. sense_key=great%5:00:00:pregnant:00 | definition=in an advanced stage of pregnancy | synonyms=big, enceinte, expectant, gravid, large, heavy | examples=was big with child; was great with child

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "great" in the given context.

Context: "Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it <t>great</t> just to be alive? "I agreed."

Target word: great

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=great%5:00:01:large:00 | definition=relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind | synonyms=... | examples=a great juicy steak; a great multitude (Physical size/quantity)
2. sense_key=great%5:00:01:important:00 | definition=of major significance or importance | synonyms=outstanding | examples=a great work of art; Einstein was one of the outstanding figures of the 20th centurey (Significance)
3. sense_key=great%5:00:01:extraordinary:00 | definition=remarkable or out of the ordinary in degree or magnitude or effect | examples=a great crisis; had a great stake in the outcome (Exceptional quality)
4. sense_key=great%5:00:00:good:01 | definition=very good | synonyms=bang-up, bully, corking, cracking, dandy, groovy | examples=he did a bully job; a neat sports car (Positive evaluation/Quality)
5. sense_key=great%5:00:00:uppercase:00 | definition=uppercase | synonyms=capital, majuscule | examples=capital A; great A (Typographical)
6. sense_key=great%5:00:00:pregnant:00 | definition=in an advanced stage of pregnancy | synonyms=big, enceinte, expectant, gravid, large, heavy | examples=was big with child; was great with child (Pregnancy)

Analysis:
The phrase is: "Isn't it great just to be alive?"
The word "great" is used here to express a strong positive feeling or evaluation about the state of being alive.

Let's evaluate the candidates:
1. Large: Does "being alive" mean large? No.
2. Important: While life is important, the phrasing "Isn't it great just to be alive?" suggests an emotional or qualitative assessment, not necessarily a statement of objective significance (like "Life is a great achievement").
3. Extraordinary: This implies something beyond the norm. While life can be extraordinary, the context suggests a general, profound positive feeling, which is often captured by "very good" or "wonderful."
4. Good: "Isn't it good just to be alive?" This fits perfectly. It expresses a high degree of positive quality or satisfaction. The synonyms (dandy, groovy) reinforce a positive, subjective evaluation.
5. Uppercase: Irrelevant.
6. Pregnant: Irrelevant.

Comparing 3 (Extraordinary) and 4 (Good):
"Great" in the sense of "very good" (4) is the most common and natural fit for expressing profound satisfaction or positive feeling about existence. While "extraordinary" (3) is related, "good" captures the sentiment of simple, profound appreciation better in this common idiomatic usage.

Therefore, sense 4 (very good) is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: alive
Target surface form: alive
Context:
PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now. I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this morning. Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be <t>alive</t>? "I agreed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=alive%3:00:01:: | definition=possessing life | synonyms=live | examples=the happiest person alive; the nerve is alive
2. sense_key=alive%5:00:00:lively:00 | definition=(often followed by `with') full of life and spirit | examples=she was wonderfully alive for her age; a face alive with mischief
3. sense_key=alive%3:00:04:: | definition=having life or vigor or spirit | synonyms=animated | examples=an animated and expressive face; animated conversation
4. sense_key=alive%5:00:00:sensitive:02 | definition=(followed by `to' or `of') aware of | examples=is alive to the moods of others
5. sense_key=alive%5:00:00:existent:00 | definition=in operation | synonyms=active | examples=keep hope alive; the tradition was still alive
6. sense_key=alive%5:00:00:aware:00 | definition=mentally perceptive and responsive | synonyms=alert, awake | examples=an alert mind; alert to the problems
7. sense_key=alive%5:00:00:active:05 | definition=capable of erupting | synonyms=live | examples=a live volcano; the volcano is very much alive

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "alive" in the given context.

Context: "Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be <t>alive</t>? "I agreed."

Target word: alive

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=alive%3:00:01:: | definition=possessing life | synonyms=live | examples=the happiest person alive; the nerve is alive
2. sense_key=alive%5:00:00:lively:00 | definition=(often followed by `with') full of life and spirit | examples=she was wonderfully alive for her age; a face alive with mischief
3. sense_key=alive%3:00:04:: | definition=having life or vigor or spirit | synonyms=animated | examples=an animated and expressive face; animated conversation
4. sense_key=alive%5:00:00:sensitive:02 | definition=(followed by `to' or `of') aware of | examples=is alive to the moods of others
5. sense_key=alive%5:00:00:existent:00 | definition=in operation | synonyms=active | examples=keep hope alive; the tradition was still alive
6. sense_key=alive%5:00:00:aware:00 | definition=mentally perceptive and responsive | synonyms=alert, awake | examples=an alert mind; alert to the problems
7. sense_key=alive%5:00:00:active:05 | definition=capable of erupting | synonyms=live | examples=a live volcano; the volcano is very much alive

Analysis:
The phrase is "Isn't it great just to be alive?". This is a philosophical or existential statement about the state of being.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **possessing life**: This is the most fundamental meaning of "alive." Being alive means having life. This fits the context well.
2. **full of life and spirit (lively)**: While being alive implies having life, this sense usually describes *how* one is alive (e.g., "a lively person"). The context is about the state of existence itself ("to be alive").
3. **having life or vigor or spirit (animated)**: Similar to sense 2, this focuses on vitality or animation, which might be too specific for the general existential statement.
4. **aware of (sensitive)**: This is about perception, not existence. Incorrect.
5. **in operation (existent)**: This usually applies to things, systems, or traditions (e.g., "the tradition was still alive"). While existence is related, the context refers to a person's state of being.
6. **mentally perceptive and responsive (aware)**: This is about mental state/alertness. Incorrect.
7. **capable of erupting (active)**: This is usually used for natural phenomena (volcanoes). Incorrect.

Comparing Sense 1 (possessing life) and Sense 3 (having life or vigor or spirit):
Sense 1, "possessing life," is the broadest and most accurate definition for the general state of being alive, especially when used in an existential context like "Isn't it great just to be alive?". It refers to the fundamental biological/existential state.

Sense 3, "having life or vigor or spirit," emphasizes the *quality* of life (vigor/spirit). While the woman might be implying vigor, the phrase "to be alive" generally refers to the fact of existence itself.

Therefore, Sense 1, defined as "possessing life," is the best fit for the general, existential meaning in the context.

Final check:
Context: "Isn't it great just to be alive?"
Sense 1: possessing life. (Perfect fit)
Sense 3: having life or vigor or spirit. (Plausible, but less general than Sense 1)

I choose Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: agree
Target surface form: agreed
Context:
Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now. I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this morning. Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I <t>agreed</t>. It is.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=agree%2:32:00:: | definition=be in accord; be in agreement | synonyms=hold, concur, concord | examples=We agreed on the terms of the settlement; I can't agree with you!
2. sense_key=agree%2:32:01:: | definition=consent or assent to a condition, or agree to do something | examples=She agreed to all my conditions; He agreed to leave her alone
3. sense_key=agree%2:42:00:: | definition=be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics | synonyms=match, fit, correspond, check, jibe, gibe | examples=The two stories don't agree in many details; The handwriting checks with the signature on the check
4. sense_key=agree%2:42:01:: | definition=go together | synonyms=harmonize, harmonise, consort, accord, concord, fit in | examples=The colors don't harmonize; Their ideas concorded
5. sense_key=agree%2:42:03:: | definition=show grammatical agreement | examples=Subjects and verbs must always agree in English
6. sense_key=agree%2:40:02:: | definition=be agreeable or suitable | examples=White wine doesn't agree with me
7. sense_key=agree%2:32:04:: | definition=achieve harmony of opinion, feeling, or purpose | examples=No two of my colleagues would agree on whom to elect chairman

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "agreed" in the given context.
The target lemma is "agree".
The target surface form is "agreed".
Context: "Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I agreed. It is."

The sentence fragment is: "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I agreed. It is."
The speaker is responding to the statement "Isn't it great just to be alive?". The response "I agreed. It is." indicates that the speaker shares the sentiment or opinion expressed by the woman.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=agree%2:32:00::** | definition=be in accord; be in agreement | synonyms=hold, concur, concord | examples=We agreed on the terms of the settlement; I can't agree with you!
   * This sense means sharing an opinion or being in accord. This fits perfectly with responding to a positive philosophical statement ("Isn't it great just to be alive?") by confirming that sentiment.

2. **sense_key=agree%2:32:01::** | definition=consent or assent to a condition, or agree to do something | examples=She agreed to all my conditions; He agreed to leave her alone
   * This sense relates to agreeing to a specific action or condition (e.g., "I agreed to go"). The context is about agreeing with a statement/opinion, not consenting to an action.

3. **sense_key=agree%2:42:00::** | definition=be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics | synonyms=match, fit, correspond, check, jibe, gibe | examples=The two stories don't agree in many details; The handwriting checks with the signature on the check
   * This sense relates to consistency or matching characteristics (e.g., two data points agreeing). This is not the meaning here.

4. **sense_key=agree%2:42:01::** | definition=go together | synonyms=harmonize, harmonise, consort, accord, concord, fit in | examples=The colors don't harmonize; Their ideas concorded
   * This sense relates to things fitting together (e.g., colors agreeing). Not applicable here.

5. **sense_key=agree%2:42:03::** | definition=show grammatical agreement | examples=Subjects and verbs must always agree in English
   * This is a grammatical sense. Not applicable here.

6. **sense_key=agree%2:40:02::** | definition=be agreeable or suitable | examples=White wine doesn't agree with me
   * This sense means being pleasant or suitable (e.g., "The weather agrees with my plans"). Not applicable here.

7. **sense_key=agree%2:32:04::** | definition=achieve harmony of opinion, feeling, or purpose | examples=No two of my colleagues would agree on whom to elect chairman
   * This sense is about reaching a consensus among multiple parties. While related to opinion, the context is a single speaker agreeing with a single statement, making sense 1 (be in accord/concur) a more direct fit for the simple act of agreeing with a sentiment.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 7:
Sense 1: "be in accord; be in agreement" (General agreement of opinion).
Sense 7: "achieve harmony of opinion, feeling, or purpose" (Often implies a process or outcome of multiple parties reaching consensus).

In the context "Isn't it great just to be alive? I agreed. It is.", the speaker is simply stating that they share the opinion. Sense 1, "be in accord; be in agreement," is the most straightforward and accurate description of this action.

Therefore, sense_key=agree%2:32:00 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: group
Context:
U.N. <t>group</t> drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target word: "group"
    *   Context: "U.N. <t>group</t> drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term."

2.  **Determine the meaning of "group" in the context:**
    *   The sentence structure is "U.N. [group] drafts plan...".
    *   The U.N. (United Nations) is an organization. A "group" associated with the U.N. that "drafts plans" must be a collection of people or entities working together (a committee, a working group, a delegation).
    *   The context is a climate conference involving "industrialized nations" and discussions about "emissions."

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1 (group%1:03:00):** definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping. This refers to a collection of entities (people, nations, etc.) acting together. This matches the context (a working body within the U.N. drafting a plan).
    *   **Sense 2 (group%1:27:00):** definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group. This is a chemical term. It is irrelevant to the U.N. climate conference.
    *   **Sense 3 (group%1:09:00):** definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group. This is a mathematical term. It is irrelevant to the U.N. climate conference.

4.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the only appropriate sense, referring to a collective body of people or entities.

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The instruction requires returning only a JSON object with the sense index.
    *   The chosen sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: plan
Target surface form: plan
Context:
U.N. group drafts <t>plan</t> to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=plan%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=program, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=plan%1:09:01:: | definition=an arrangement scheme | synonyms=design | examples=the awkward design of the keyboard made operation difficult; it was an excellent design for living
3. sense_key=plan%1:06:00:: | definition=scale drawing of a structure | synonyms=architectural plan | examples=the plans for City Hall were on file

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "plan" in the given context.

Context: "U.N. group drafts <t>plan</t> to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term."

Target word: plan

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=plan%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=program, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=plan%1:09:01:: | definition=an arrangement scheme | synonyms=design | examples=the awkward design of the keyboard made operation difficult; it was an excellent design for living
3. sense_key=plan%1:06:00:: | definition=scale drawing of a structure | synonyms=architectural plan | examples=the plans for City Hall were on file

Analysis:
The context discusses the U.N. group drafting a "plan to reduce emissions." This plan is related to climate goals, reductions, and a document outlining ambitious targets over 40 years.

1. Sense 1: "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished." This perfectly matches the idea of a strategy or set of goals (reducing emissions) that needs to be executed. The synonyms (program, programme) also fit.
2. Sense 2: "an arrangement scheme." While related to planning, this sense often leans towards abstract design or layout (like a design for living or a keyboard design). It is less specific to a formal, goal-oriented strategy document like the one described.
3. Sense 3: "scale drawing of a structure." This is clearly incorrect, as the context is about climate policy, not architecture.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit, as the "plan" is a strategic document outlining steps/goals for reducing emissions.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: emission
Target surface form: emissions
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce <t>emissions</t> The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=emission%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of emitting; causing to flow forth | synonyms=emanation
2. sense_key=emission%1:27:00:: | definition=a substance that is emitted or released | synonyms=discharge
3. sense_key=emission%1:22:00:: | definition=the release of electrons from parent atoms
4. sense_key=emission%1:22:01:: | definition=any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body | synonyms=discharge, expelling | examples=the discharge of pus
5. sense_key=emission%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
"sense_index": 2
}
```

content:
```json
{
"sense_index": 2
}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: emission
    *   Target surface form: emissions
    *   Context: "U.N. group drafts plan to reduce <t>emissions</t> The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term."

2.  **Determine the meaning in context:**
    *   The context discusses a U.N. climate conference, "greenhouse-gas reductions," and "industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden."
    *   "Emissions" here clearly refers to the release of gases (like greenhouse gases) into the atmosphere.

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **sense_key=emission%1:04:00:** | definition=the act of emitting; causing to flow forth | synonyms=emanation. (This is the *act*, but the context refers to the *substance* being reduced, which is usually indexed by the substance sense.)
    *   **sense_key=emission%1:27:00:** | definition=a substance that is emitted or released | synonyms=discharge. (This fits perfectly. Greenhouse gases are substances that are emitted/released.)
    *   **sense_key=emission%1:22:00:** | definition=the release of electrons from parent atoms. (Physics/Chemistry specific. Incorrect.)
    *   **sense_key=emission%1:22:01:** | definition=any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body | synonyms=discharge, expelling. (Biological/Medical. Incorrect.)
    *   **sense_key=emission%1:11:00:** | definition=the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe). (Plumbing/Hydrology. Incorrect.)

4.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 2 (emission%1:27:00) defines "a substance that is emitted or released," which accurately captures the meaning of "greenhouse-gas reductions" in the climate context.

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The required output is a JSON object with the sense index.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: climate
Target surface form: climate
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored <t>climate</t> conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter
2. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "climate" in the given context.

Context: "U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored <t>climate</t> conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward."

Candidate Senses:
1. `climate%1:26:00`: definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter
2. `climate%1:26:01`: definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election

Analysis:
The context discusses:
* U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions.
* U.N.-sponsored `<t>climate</t>` conference.
* Greenhouse-gas reductions.
* Regulating greenhouse gases.
* Industrialized nations shouldering the burden.

The topic is clearly environmental policy, global warming, and atmospheric conditions (greenhouse gases).

Sense 1 relates to weather/long-term atmospheric conditions. This aligns perfectly with "greenhouse-gas reductions" and "emissions."
Sense 2 relates to psychological state or atmosphere of opinion. This does not fit the technical/environmental discussion.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct sense.

Constraint Checklist & Confidence Score:
1. Choose single best indexed sense: Yes.
2. Use context, synonyms, examples: Yes.
3. Do not answer with WordNet sense key: Yes.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}: Wait, the provided senses are indexed 1 and 2. I must use the index corresponding to the chosen sense (Sense 1).

The chosen sense is Sense 1. I need to return the JSON structure using the index of Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: conference
Target surface form: conference
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate <t>conference</t> -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=conference%1:14:00:: | definition=a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)
2. sense_key=conference%1:14:01:: | definition=an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members | synonyms=league
3. sense_key=conference%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic | synonyms=group discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
"sense_index": 1
}
```

content:
```json
{
"sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "conference" based on the provided context and candidate senses.

Context: "U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate <t>conference</t> -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward."

Target word: conference

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=conference%1:14:00:: | definition=a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)
2. sense_key=conference%1:14:01:: | definition=an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members | synonyms=league
3. sense_key=conference%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic | synonyms=group discussion

Analysis:
1. **Context clues:** The context mentions "U.N.-sponsored climate conference," "reduce emissions," "greenhouse-gas reductions," "unruly posturing and mutual recriminations," and "final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases." This clearly points to a formal, high-level meeting focused on a serious, global topic (climate change/emissions).
2. **Evaluating Sense 1:** "a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)." This perfectly matches the description of a UN-sponsored climate negotiation/meeting.
3. **Evaluating Sense 2:** "an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members | synonyms=league." This is clearly incorrect, as the context is about climate policy, not sports.
4. **Evaluating Sense 3:** "a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic | synonyms=group discussion." While a conference involves discussion, Sense 1 is more precise. Sense 1 emphasizes the *formal, prearranged meeting* aspect, which is characteristic of a UN climate conference, whereas Sense 3 is a more general description of the activity (discussion).

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit because it captures the formal, structured nature of the meeting described in the context (UN-sponsored, climate policy, formal agenda implied by "political deal").

The instruction requires returning only a JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: focus
Target surface form: focus
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed <t>focus</t> Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=focus%1:09:00:: | definition=the concentration of attention or energy on something | synonyms=focusing, focussing, focal point, direction, centering | examples=the focus of activity shifted to molecular biology; he had no direction in his life
2. sense_key=focus%1:07:01:: | definition=maximum clarity or distinctness of an image rendered by an optical system | examples=in focus; out of focus
3. sense_key=focus%1:07:03:: | definition=maximum clarity or distinctness of an idea | examples=the controversy brought clearly into focus an important difference of opinion
4. sense_key=focus%1:26:00:: | definition=a central point or locus of an infection in an organism | synonyms=focal point, nidus | examples=the focus of infection
5. sense_key=focus%1:26:01:: | definition=special emphasis attached to something | synonyms=stress | examples=the stress was more on accuracy than on speed
6. sense_key=focus%1:19:00:: | definition=a point of convergence of light (or other radiation) or a point from which it diverges | synonyms=focal point
7. sense_key=focus%1:15:00:: | definition=a fixed reference point on the concave side of a conic section

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "focus" in the given context.

Context: "U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed <t>focus</t> Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term."

Target word: focus

Analysis of the context:
The conference was previously characterized by "unruly posturing and mutual recriminations" (i.e., conflict, distraction). It "gained renewed focus" when a document outlining "ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions" was released. This suggests that the attention or importance of the conference shifted towards the substantive issue (the reductions).

Analysis of candidate senses:

1. sense_key=focus%1:09:00:: | definition=the concentration of attention or energy on something | synonyms=focusing, focussing, focal point, direction, centering | examples=the focus of activity shifted to molecular biology; he had no direction in his life
    * This matches the idea of attention shifting from conflict to the substantive plan. "Gained renewed focus" means the attention/concentration shifted to the positive development.

2. sense_key=focus%1:07:01:: | definition=maximum clarity or distinctness of an image rendered by an optical system | examples=in focus; out of focus
    * This is related to photography/optics. Not relevant here.

3. sense_key=focus%1:07:03:: | definition=maximum clarity or distinctness of an idea | examples=the controversy brought clearly into focus an important difference of opinion
    * This relates to clarity of an idea. While the document provided clarity, the phrase "gained renewed focus" usually refers to the subject matter receiving attention, not necessarily the idea becoming clearer (though they are related). Sense 1 is a broader fit for "gained renewed focus."

4. sense_key=focus%1:26:00:: | definition=a central point or locus of an infection in an organism | synonyms=focal point, nidus | examples=the focus of infection
    * Medical/biological context. Not relevant.

5. sense_key=focus%1:26:01:: | definition=special emphasis attached to something | synonyms=stress | examples=the stress was more on accuracy than on speed
    * This is very close to Sense 1, as "emphasis" is a form of "concentration of attention." "Gained renewed focus" can mean "gained renewed emphasis."

6. sense_key=focus%1:19:00:: | definition=a point of convergence of light (or other radiation) or a point from which it diverges | synonyms=focal point
    * Optics/physics context. Not relevant.

7. sense_key=focus%1:15:00:: | definition=a fixed reference point on the concave side of a conic section
    * Mathematics/geometry context. Not relevant.

Comparison between Sense 1 and Sense 5:
Sense 1: "the concentration of attention or energy on something." (General attention/direction)
Sense 5: "special emphasis attached to something." (Specific weight/importance)

In the context, "gained renewed focus" means the subject matter (the reduction plan) became the primary point of attention/concern, shifting away from the previous distractions (posturing/recriminations). Both Sense 1 and Sense 5 are plausible. However, Sense 1, defining focus as the "concentration of attention," is the most direct and general interpretation of how a discussion or event "gains focus." Sense 5 (emphasis) is a specific application of attention, but Sense 1 covers the entire scope of the phrase "gained renewed focus."

Let's re-examine the examples for Sense 1: "the focus of activity shifted to molecular biology." This perfectly mirrors the context: the focus of the conference shifted from conflict to the reduction plan.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: document
Target surface form: document
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a <t>document</t> outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=document%1:10:00:: | definition=writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature) | synonyms=written document, papers
2. sense_key=document%1:06:00:: | definition=anything serving as a representation of a person's thinking by means of symbolic marks
3. sense_key=document%1:21:00:: | definition=a written account of ownership or obligation
4. sense_key=document%1:10:01:: | definition=(computer science) a computer file that contains text (and possibly formatting instructions) using seven-bit ASCII characters | synonyms=text file

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
"sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Context:** The sentence is: "U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a <t>document</t> outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward."
2.  **Identify the Role of 'document':** The word 'document' is released by the U.N. group. It "outlines ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions." The subsequent sentence refers to "The text," which is the document, and states it "could provide the basis for a final political deal."
3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **sense_key=document%1:10:00::** | definition=writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature) | synonyms=written document, papers.
        *   *Fit:* High. A U.N. draft plan outlining reductions is clearly an official piece of writing providing information.
    *   **sense_key=document%1:06:00::** | definition=anything serving as a representation of a person's thinking by means of symbolic marks.
        *   *Fit:* Too broad. While a document *is* a representation of thinking, this definition encompasses art, notes, etc., and is less specific than the official/informational sense.
    *   **sense_key=document%1:21:00::** | definition=a written account of ownership or obligation.
        *   *Fit:* Possible, but too narrow. While the document outlines obligations (reductions), its primary function here is to *outline* the plan/information, not just serve as a legal deed of ownership/obligation.
    *   **sense_key=document%1:10:01::** | definition=(computer science) a computer file that contains text (and possibly formatting instructions) using seven-bit ASCII characters | synonyms=text file.
        *   *Fit:* Low. While it might exist as a file, the context refers to its content and political function ("outlining ambitious reductions," "basis for a final political deal"), making the conceptual/informational sense more appropriate than the technical file format sense.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:** Sense 1 (writing that provides information, especially official nature) is the most precise fit. It captures the nature of the U.N. draft plan released at a climate conference.

5.  **Format the Output:** Return the chosen sense index in the required JSON format. (Sense 1 corresponds to index 1 in the provided list).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reduction
Target surface form: reductions
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas <t>reductions</t> over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reduction%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of decreasing or reducing something | synonyms=decrease, diminution, step-down
2. sense_key=reduction%1:22:00:: | definition=any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen); always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent | synonyms=reducing
3. sense_key=reduction%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of reducing complexity | synonyms=simplification

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "reductions" (plural of "reduction") in the given context.

Context: "U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas <t>reductions</t> over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term."

Target word: reductions

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reduction%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of decreasing or reducing something | synonyms=decrease, diminution, step-down
2. sense_key=reduction%1:22:00:: | definition=any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen); always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent | synonyms=reducing (This is a chemical/scientific sense)
3. sense_key=reduction%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of reducing complexity | synonyms=simplification

Analysis:
The context discusses "greenhouse-gas reductions" in the context of a climate conference and international agreements ("U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions," "ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years").
The phrase "greenhouse-gas reductions" clearly refers to lowering the amount of greenhouse gases emitted.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **sense_key=reduction%1:04:00**: Definition is "the act of decreasing or reducing something." Synonyms include "decrease, diminution." This perfectly matches the context of reducing emissions/gas levels.
2. **sense_key=reduction%1:22:00**: Definition is related to electron addition (chemical reduction). This is irrelevant to climate policy and emissions.
3. **sense_key=reduction%1:04:02**: Definition is "the act of reducing complexity." While reducing emissions might simplify the climate problem, the primary meaning here is quantitative decrease, not structural simplification.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 <t>years</t>, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
"sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "years" (plural of "year") based on the provided context and candidate senses.

Context: "U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 <t>years</t>, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term."

Target word: years

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Analysis:
The phrase is "over the next 40 years". This refers to a duration of time for achieving greenhouse-gas reductions.

1. sense_key=year%1:28:01: This sense defines a standard period of time (365/366 days). This fits the concept of a duration (40 years).
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02: This sense refers to a specific segment of a calendar year (e.g., school year). This is too specific and doesn't fit the general duration context.
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00: This sense refers to astronomical orbital periods. This is irrelevant to climate goals and human planning.
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00: This sense refers to a cohort of students. This is completely irrelevant.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit, as it represents the standard unit of time (a period of 365/366 days) used to quantify the duration of the climate reduction plan.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the <t>burden</t> in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "burden" in the given context.

Context: "U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the <t>burden</t> in the near term."

The word "burden" is preceded by "shouldering most of the". This suggests a responsibility, weight, or difficult task that needs to be carried or managed.

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind**
   * This sense relates to a difficult responsibility or obligation.
   * Context fit: "industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden" fits perfectly with taking on an "onerous or difficult concern" (like the responsibility for emissions reduction). The synonym "onus" is highly relevant here.

2. **sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading**
   * This sense refers to physical weight.
   * Context fit: While "shouldering" suggests weight, the context is about "greenhouse-gas reductions" and "political deal," making the abstract/metaphorical sense (responsibility/obligation) much stronger than the literal physical weight.

3. **sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist**
   * This sense relates to content/theme.
   * Context fit: Does the document outline the "central meaning" of the reductions? No, it outlines the *task* or *responsibility* associated with the reductions. This sense is incorrect.

4. **sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse**
   * Similar to sense 3, relating to content/theme.
   * Context fit: Incorrect.

**Conclusion:**
The context ("industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden" in the context of climate change and emissions reduction) strongly points to a metaphorical sense of responsibility or obligation. Sense 1, defined as "an onerous or difficult concern" and associated with synonyms like "onus," is the best fit.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: term
Target surface form: term
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near <t>term</t>. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=term%1:10:00:: | definition=a word or expression used for some particular thing | examples=he learned many medical terms
2. sense_key=term%1:28:00:: | definition=a limited period of time | examples=a prison term; he left school before the end of term
3. sense_key=term%1:10:02:: | definition=(usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement | synonyms=condition | examples=the contract set out the conditions of the lease; the terms of the treaty were generous
4. sense_key=term%1:09:00:: | definition=any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial | examples=the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree
5. sense_key=term%1:10:01:: | definition=one of the substantive phrases in a logical proposition | examples=the major term of a syllogism must occur twice
6. sense_key=term%1:28:01:: | definition=the end of gestation or point at which birth is imminent | synonyms=full term | examples=a healthy baby born at full term
7. sense_key=term%1:06:00:: | definition=(architecture) a statue or a human bust or an animal carved out of the top of a square pillar; originally used as a boundary marker in ancient Rome | synonyms=terminus, terminal figure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "term" in the given context.

Context: "U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near <t>term</t>. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward."

Target word: "term" (in "near term")

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=term%1:10:00:: | definition=a word or expression used for some particular thing | examples=he learned many medical terms (Lexical/linguistic sense)
2. sense_key=term%1:28:00:: | definition=a limited period of time | examples=a prison term; he left school before the end of term (Temporal sense)
3. sense_key=term%1:10:02:: | definition=(usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement | synonyms=condition | examples=the contract set out the conditions of the lease; the terms of the treaty were generous (Contractual/legal sense)
4. sense_key=term%1:09:00:: | definition=any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial | examples=the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree (Mathematical sense)
5. sense_key=term%1:10:01:: | definition=one of the substantive phrases in a logical proposition | examples=the major term of a syllogism must occur twice (Logical sense)
6. sense_key=term%1:28:01:: | definition=the end of gestation or point at which birth is imminent | synonyms=full term | examples=a healthy baby born at full term (Biological sense)
7. sense_key=term%1:06:00:: | definition=(architecture) a statue or a human bust or an animal carved out of the top of a square pillar; originally used as a boundary marker in ancient Rome | synonyms=terminus, terminal figure (Architectural/historical sense)

Analysis:
The phrase is "in the near term." This phrase refers to a period of time that is close or imminent.

Let's evaluate the candidates:
1. Linguistic/word sense: Does not fit "near term" in this context.
2. Limited period of time: Fits perfectly. "Near term" means the near future, a limited period of time.
3. Contractual/legal statement: Does not fit the temporal context.
4. Mathematical quantity: Does not fit.
5. Logical phrase: Does not fit.
6. Biological gestation period: While this is a "limited period of time," the context (climate policy, emissions reduction) is not about pregnancy.
7. Architectural/historical marker: Does not fit.

Sense 2 ("a limited period of time") is the best fit for "near term" in the context of policy and planning.

The instruction requires returning the JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: text
Target surface form: text
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The <t>text</t>, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "text" in the given context.

Context: "U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The <t>text</t>, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week."

Target word: "text"

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

Analysis:
The context mentions "a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions" was released. The sentence then refers to "The <t>text</t>, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases".

The "text" here is a document/draft/report related to climate negotiations and policy.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **sense_key=text%1:10:00 (the words of something written):** This fits well. The document contains specific words/content that form the basis of the deal.
2. **sense_key=text%1:10:03 (Bible passage):** Irrelevant.
3. **sense_key=text%1:10:02 (schoolbook):** Irrelevant.
4. **sense_key=text%1:10:01 (main body of a written work):** This is also plausible, as the document is a written work. However, sense 1 ("the words of something written") is a broader and more direct description of the content of a policy document, especially when it is referred to as the basis for a deal. Sense 4 often refers to the body of a *specific* work (like a novel or academic paper), whereas here, it is the entire policy document itself.

Comparing 1 and 4:
Sense 1: Focuses on the content/words ("the words of something written").
Sense 4: Focuses on the structure/part of the work ("the main body of a written work").

Since the text is a "document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions," it is the complete written content (the words/matter) that is being discussed as the basis for the deal. Sense 1 captures this meaning most accurately in the context of policy documents and drafts.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: basis
Target surface form: basis
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the <t>basis</t> for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=basis%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation that provides the foundation for something | synonyms=footing, ground | examples=they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis
2. sense_key=basis%1:09:00:: | definition=the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained | synonyms=base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone | examples=the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture
3. sense_key=basis%1:24:01:: | definition=the most important or necessary part of something | synonyms=base | examples=the basis of this drink is orange juice

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "basis" in the given context.

Context: "The text, which could provide the <t>basis</t> for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward."

Target word: basis

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=basis%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation that provides the foundation for something | synonyms=footing, ground | examples=they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis
2. sense_key=basis%1:09:00:: | definition=the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained | synonyms=base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone | examples=the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture
3. sense_key=basis%1:24:01:: | definition=the most important or necessary part of something | synonyms=base | examples=the basis of this drink is orange juice

Analysis:
The phrase is "provide the basis for a final political deal".
A "final political deal" is a complex agreement. The document (the text) is intended to support or form the groundwork for this deal.

Let's evaluate the senses:

Sense 1: "a relation that provides the foundation for something" (synonyms: footing, ground). This relates to a relationship or standing (e.g., "on a friendly footing"). While "foundation" is present, the context here is about providing the *substance* or *framework* for a deal, not necessarily the relational standing between parties.

Sense 2: "the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained" (synonyms: base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone). This sense perfectly matches the idea of a document providing the necessary groundwork or fundamental structure upon which a political deal (the outcome) can be built. "Groundwork" and "foundation" are strong matches.

Sense 3: "the most important or necessary part of something" (synonyms: base). This sense usually refers to a component part (e.g., the basis of a recipe). While a deal has necessary parts, the text is providing the *underlying structure* or *justification* for the deal, not just one component part.

Conclusion: Sense 2, which emphasizes the fundamental assumptions, groundwork, or foundation upon which something is developed, is the best fit for "provide the basis for a final political deal."

The index for Sense 2 is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political <t>deal</t> to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "deal" in the provided context.

Context: "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political <t>deal</t> to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week."

Target word: deal

Analysis of the context:
The word "deal" follows "a final political" and relates to "regulate greenhouse gases" and is part of a "negotiation." This strongly suggests an agreement or settlement reached between parties (nations/leaders).

Analysis of candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | (Possible, but usually more commercial than political regulation.)
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | (Highly relevant. A political agreement reached after negotiation fits this perfectly.)
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | (Irrelevant. Not referring to quantity.)
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board) | (Irrelevant. Physical object.)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | (Irrelevant. Physical object.)
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | (Irrelevant. Card game.)
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | (Less likely. While an agreement results in a 'deal' or treatment, the context refers to the agreement itself, not the resulting treatment.)
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | (Irrelevant. Card game.)
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | (Irrelevant. Distribution, not political agreement.)

Conclusion:
Sense 2, "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each," is the best fit for "a final political deal" in the context of international negotiations on climate change.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: obstacle
Target surface form: obstacles
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining <t>obstacles</t> as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obstacle%1:09:00:: | definition=something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted | synonyms=obstruction | examples=lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement; the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education
2. sense_key=obstacle%1:06:00:: | definition=an obstruction that stands in the way (and must be removed or surmounted or circumvented)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
"sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target Lemma: obstacle
    *   Target Surface Form: obstacles
    *   Context Sentence: "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining <t>obstacles</t> as much as it illuminated a path forward."
    *   Overall Topic: Climate change negotiations, greenhouse gas reductions, political deals, international conferences (Copenhagen).

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:**
        *   Definition: something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted.
        *   Synonyms: obstruction.
        *   Examples: "lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement"; "the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education."
        *   *Assessment:* This sense deals with abstract, non-physical barriers (lack of imagination, poverty).

    *   **Sense 2:**
        *   Definition: an obstruction that stands in the way (and must be removed or surmounted or circumvented).
        *   *Assessment:* This definition is broader and could apply to both physical and abstract barriers, but the phrasing "obstruction that stands in the way" is general.

3.  **Apply Contextual Filtering:**
    *   The context is about a "final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases."
    *   The "obstacles" are things preventing this deal or the successful implementation of the reductions.
    *   These obstacles are likely related to political disagreement, differing national interests, economic constraints, or lack of consensus—i.e., *abstract* barriers.
    *   The phrase "highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward" strongly suggests identifying problems or hurdles in the negotiation process.

4.  **Compare Senses to Context:**
    *   If the obstacles were physical (e.g., a blocked road), Sense 2 might fit, but that is highly unlikely in a climate negotiation context.
    *   If the obstacles are political disagreements, lack of commitment, or economic resistance (which is what "remaining obstacles" in this context implies), they are *immaterial* barriers.
    *   Sense 1 explicitly covers "something immaterial that stands in the way" and provides examples like "lack of imagination" (a purely abstract barrier). This aligns perfectly with the nature of political/negotiation hurdles.

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the best fit because the obstacles in a high-level political negotiation are abstract hurdles (disagreements, lack of will, economic resistance), matching the definition and examples of Sense 1.

6.  **Final Output Generation:** (Ensure the output format is correct JSON).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: path
Target surface form: path
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a <t>path</t> forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=path%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=way, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
2. sense_key=path%1:06:00:: | definition=a way especially designed for a particular use
3. sense_key=path%1:15:00:: | definition=an established line of travel or access | synonyms=route, itinerary
4. sense_key=path%1:17:00:: | definition=a line or route along which something travels or moves | synonyms=track, course | examples=the hurricane demolished houses in its path; the track of an animal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target word: "path"
    *   Context sentence: "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a <t>path</t> forward."
    *   Overall topic: Climate change negotiations, reducing emissions, political deals, obstacles, and progress.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (path%1:04:00):** Definition: a course of conduct. Synonyms: way, way of life. Examples: the path of virtue; we went our separate ways.
        *   *Relevance Check:* "A path forward" in a political/negotiation context strongly suggests a course of action or a way to proceed. This fits well.

    *   **Sense 2 (path%1:06:00):** Definition: a way especially designed for a particular use.
        *   *Relevance Check:* This usually refers to a physical structure (e.g., a path designed for bicycles). Less likely in this abstract political context.

    *   **Sense 3 (path%1:15:00):** Definition: an established line of travel or access. Synonyms: route, itinerary.
        *   *Relevance Check:* While "route" can be abstract, the primary focus here is on *how* to achieve the goal (the conduct/strategy), not necessarily a physical route or itinerary. However, "path forward" is often used synonymously with "way forward" or "course of action."

    *   **Sense 4 (path%1:17:00):** Definition: a line or route along which something travels or moves. Synonyms: track, course. Examples: the hurricane demolished houses in its path; the track of an animal.
        *   *Relevance Check:* This is strongly physical/geographical. Not appropriate for an abstract political/negotiation concept like "path forward."

3.  **Compare and Select the Best Fit:**

    *   The phrase "a path forward" is a common idiom meaning a viable strategy, solution, or direction for future action.
    *   Sense 1 ("a course of conduct") perfectly captures this abstract, strategic meaning.
    *   Sense 3 ("an established line of travel or access") is plausible if interpreted metaphorically, but Sense 1 is a much closer match to the idiomatic meaning of "path forward" in a policy context.

4.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the most accurate representation of "path" when used to mean a viable way or strategy for future action in a political/negotiation setting.

5.  **Format the Output:** (Ensure the output is only the required JSON structure.)