[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose <t>cancer</t> was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The passage discusses medical treatments (Alimta, cisplatin, docetaxel), patient survival times, chemotherapy, and specific types of cancer (non-small cell lung cancer, squamous cells).
    *   "...patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times..."
    *   "In contrast, patients whose <t>cancer</t> was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times..."

2.  **Determine the meaning of 'cancer' in context:** The word 'cancer' is used in a biological/medical context, referring to a disease or growth that affects specific cells (squamous cells).

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**
    *   1. `sense_key=cancer%1:26:00`: definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body... synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease. (This is the medical disease.)
    *   2. `sense_key=cancer%1:18:00`: definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer. (Astrology/Zodiac.)
    *   3. `sense_key=cancer%1:17:00`: definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini. (Astrology/Astronomy.)
    *   4. `sense_key=cancer%1:15:00`: definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22. (Astrology/Zodiac.)
    *   5. `sense_key=cancer%1:05:00`: definition=type genus of the family Cancridae. (Biology/Zoology - crustaceans.)

4.  **Select the best fit:** The context is entirely medical (chemotherapy, survival times, cell types). Sense 1 perfectly matches the medical definition of cancer (malignant growth/tumor) and is the only relevant sense.

5.  **Format the output:** The instruction requires returning only a JSON object with the sense index. Sense 1 is the correct choice.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: affect
Target surface form: affecting
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was <t>affecting</t> squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=affect%2:30:00:: | definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch | examples=Will the new rules affect me?
2. sense_key=affect%2:29:00:: | definition=act physically on; have an effect upon | examples=the medicine affects my heart rate
3. sense_key=affect%2:42:00:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=involve, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
4. sense_key=affect%2:32:00:: | definition=make believe with the intent to deceive | synonyms=feign, sham, pretend, dissemble | examples=He feigned that he was ill; He shammed a headache
5. sense_key=affect%2:37:00:: | definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=impress, move, strike | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "affecting" in the given context.
The target lemma is "affect".
The context is: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was <t>affecting</t> squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."

The word "affecting" is used here in the phrase "cancer was affecting squamous cells". This describes the relationship between the cancer and the squamous cells.

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=affect%2:30:00:: | definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch**
   * This sense relates to causing a change or having an influence on something.
   * Context: Cancer *affecting* squamous cells means the cancer is influencing or impacting those cells. This seems highly relevant.

2. **sense_key=affect%2:29:00:: | definition=act physically on; have an effect upon**
   * This is similar to sense 1, focusing on physical action/effect.
   * Context: Cancer *affecting* squamous cells (physically changing or acting upon them). This is also relevant.

3. **sense_key=affect%2:42:00:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=involve, regard**
   * This sense implies a close, often negative, connection or involvement (e.g., a ruling affecting a business).
   * Context: Cancer *affecting* squamous cells. While cancer involves cells, the primary meaning here is biological influence/impact, not necessarily a legal or close/incriminating connection in the sense of "involve."

4. **sense_key=affect%2:32:00:: | definition=make believe with the intent to deceive | synonyms=feign, sham, pretend, dissemble**
   * This is the sense of pretending/faking. Irrelevant to the context.

5. **sense_key=affect%2:37:00:: | definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=impress, move, strike**
   * This sense relates to feelings or thoughts. Irrelevant to the biological context of cancer and cells.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 1: "have an effect upon" (General influence/impact)
Sense 2: "act physically on; have an effect upon" (Physical action/effect)

In a biological context like "cancer affecting squamous cells," the action is physical/pathological. Both senses capture this, but Sense 2 emphasizes the physical action ("act physically on"), which is precise for describing how a disease interacts with tissue/cells. Sense 1 is broader.

Let's re-examine the context: "patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times... In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times..."
The presence of the cancer *on* or *in* the cells is what causes the negative outcome (shorter survival). This is a physical/pathological interaction.

Sense 2 ("act physically on; have an effect upon") is the most precise fit for a disease process interacting with biological tissue.

Therefore, sense_key=affect%2:29:00 is the best choice.

Wait, the instructions require me to return the JSON structure based on the index provided in the candidate list.

Candidate list indices:
1. sense_key=affect%2:30:00
2. sense_key=affect%2:29:00
3. sense_key=affect%2:42:00
4. sense_key=affect%2:32:00
5. sense_key=affect%2:37:00

My choice is sense_key=affect%2:29:00, which corresponds to index 2.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: short
Target surface form: shorter
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had <t>shorter</t> survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=short%3:00:02:: | definition=primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration | examples=a short life; a short flight
2. sense_key=short%3:00:01:: | definition=(primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length | examples=short skirts; short hair
3. sense_key=short%3:00:03:: | definition=low in stature; not tall | synonyms=little | examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature
4. sense_key=short%5:00:00:insufficient:00 | definition=not sufficient to meet a need | synonyms=inadequate, poor | examples=an inadequate income; a poor salary
5. sense_key=short%3:00:00:: | definition=(of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range | synonyms=unretentive, forgetful | examples=a short memory
6. sense_key=short%3:00:05:: | definition=not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices | examples=a short sale; short in cotton
7. sense_key=short%3:00:04:: | definition=of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration | examples=the English vowel sounds in `pat', `pet', `pit', `pot', putt' are short
8. sense_key=short%5:00:02:insufficient:00 | definition=less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so | synonyms=light, scant | examples=a light pound; a scant cup of sugar
9. sense_key=short%5:00:00:improvident:00 | definition=lacking foresight or scope | synonyms=shortsighted, unforesightful, myopic | examples=a short view of the problem; shortsighted policies
10. sense_key=short%5:00:00:breakable:00 | definition=tending to crumble or break into flakes due to a large amount of shortening | examples=shortbread is a short crumbly cookie; a short flaky pie crust
11. sense_key=short%5:00:00:discourteous:00 | definition=marked by rude or peremptory shortness | synonyms=brusque, brusk, curt | examples=try to cultivate a less brusque manner; a curt reply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "shorter" (comparative form of "short") based on the provided context and candidate senses for "short".

Context: "In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had <t>shorter</t> survival times if they received Alimta."

The word "shorter" modifies "survival times". "Survival times" refers to the duration of life/survival.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=short%3:00:02**: primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration. Examples: a short life; a short flight.
    * *Relevance:* "Survival times" is a measure of duration (time). "Shorter survival times" means less duration. This fits perfectly.

2. **sense_key=short%3:00:01**: (primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length. Examples: short skirts; short hair.
    * *Relevance:* While time is a dimension, the primary meaning here is temporal, not spatial length.

3. **sense_key=short%3:00:03**: low in stature; not tall. Synonyms: little. Examples: he was short and stocky; short in stature.
    * *Relevance:* Irrelevant (physical height).

4. **sense_key=short%5:00:00:insufficient:00**: not sufficient to meet a need. Synonyms: inadequate, poor. Examples: an inadequate income; a poor salary.
    * *Relevance:* While short survival time might imply insufficiency, the core meaning being conveyed is the *duration* being less, not necessarily that it failed to meet a minimum requirement (though that might be a consequence). Sense 1 is more precise for duration.

5. **sense_key=short%3:00:00**: (of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range. Synonyms: unretentive, forgetful. Examples: a short memory.
    * *Relevance:* Irrelevant (memory).

6. **sense_key=short%3:00:05**: not holding securities or commodities... Examples: a short sale; short in cotton.
    * *Relevance:* Irrelevant (finance).

7. **sense_key=short%3:00:04**: of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration. Examples: the English vowel sounds... are short.
    * *Relevance:* Irrelevant (phonetics).

8. **sense_key=short%5:00:02:insufficient:00**: less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so. Synonyms: light, scant. Examples: a light pound; a scant cup of sugar.
    * *Relevance:* Similar to Sense 4, focusing on quantity/amount, but Sense 1 focuses specifically on the temporal nature of the duration.

9. **sense_key=short%5:00:00:improvident:00**: lacking foresight or scope. Synonyms: shortsighted, unforesightful, myopic. Examples: a short view of the problem; shortsighted policies.
    * *Relevance:* Irrelevant (planning/vision).

10. **sense_key=short%5:00:00:breakable:00**: tending to crumble or break into flakes... Examples: shortbread is a short crumbly cookie...
    * *Relevance:* Irrelevant (texture/baking).

11. **sense_key=short%5:00:00:discourteous:00**: marked by rude or peremptory shortness. Synonyms: brusque, brusk, curt. Examples: try to cultivate a less brusque manner; a curt reply.
    * *Relevance:* Irrelevant (manner/speech).

Conclusion: The context "shorter survival times" clearly refers to a reduced duration of life. Sense 1, which defines the temporal sense of being limited in duration, is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter <t>survival</t> times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "survival" based on the provided context.

Context analysis:
The text discusses clinical trials involving cancer patients (non-small cell lung cancer).
Key phrases:
1. "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone." (Here, "survived" is the verb, but the context is about the duration of life.)
2. "In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel." (Here, "survival time" is measured in months.)
3. "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator." (Again, "survival times" are measured.)

The context clearly relates "survival" to the duration of life of patients in a medical setting.

Candidate senses:
1. `sense_key=survival%1:26:00`: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. `sense_key=survival%1:22:00`: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. `sense_key=survival%1:04:00`: | definition=something that survives

Evaluation:
*   Sense 2 relates to biological evolution (natural selection). This is incorrect for a clinical trial context.
*   Sense 3 is too general ("something that survives"). While technically possible, it doesn't capture the specific meaning of duration or state of being alive in a medical context.
*   Sense 1 defines "a state of surviving; remaining alive" and includes "endurance" as a synonym. This perfectly matches the usage in the context ("average survival time," referring to how long patients remain alive).

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: times
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: time
    *   Target surface form: times
    *   Context sentence: "In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta."
    *   Surrounding context: The passage discusses survival rates (e.g., "survived for an average of 12.1 months," "average survival time was 8.3 months"). The word "times" here modifies "survival."

2.  **Determine the meaning of "times" in context:**
    *   "Survival times" refers to the duration or length of time that patients lived. It is a measurement of a period of existence.

3.  **Examine the candidate senses:**

    *   1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: (an instance or single occasion for some event) -> Refers to discrete events (e.g., "four times"). Not applicable to continuous survival duration.
    *   2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: (a period of time considered as a resource under your control) -> Focuses on resource management (e.g., "I didn't have time to finish"). Not applicable.
    *   3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: (an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)) -> Refers to a duration or span (e.g., "a long time," "the time of year"). This aligns well with "survival times," which is a measured period/duration.
    *   4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: (a suitable moment) -> Refers to opportunity (e.g., "it is time to go"). Not applicable.
    *   5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: (the continuum of experience) -> Philosophical/abstract concept of time flow. Too broad and abstract for a medical statistic like "survival times."
    *   6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: (a person's experience on a particular occasion) -> Refers to personal experience (e.g., "had a good time"). Not applicable.
    *   7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: (a reading of a point in time as given by a clock) -> Refers to specific clock readings (e.g., "10 o'clock"). Not applicable.
    *   8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: (the fourth coordinate) -> Physics/relativity concept. Not applicable.
    *   9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: (rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration) -> Musical/metrical concept. Not applicable.
    *   10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: (the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned) -> Specific context (prison term). Too narrow.

4.  **Select the best fit:**
    *   The context requires a sense meaning "duration" or "period."
    *   Sense 3 (an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)) is the best fit, as "survival times" refers to the measured duration of life.

5.  **Final check:** "Shorter survival times" means shorter periods of survival. Sense 3 covers "period."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mathematical
Target surface form: mathematical
Context:
kalgebra is a <t>mathematical</t> calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mathematical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics | examples=a mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments
2. sense_key=mathematical%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers | synonyms=numerical | examples=tests for rating numerical aptitude; a mathematical whiz
3. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:unquestionable:00 | definition=beyond question | examples=a mathematical certainty
4. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:possible:00 | definition=statistically possible though highly improbable | examples=have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs
5. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00 | definition=characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics | examples=mathematical precision

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "mathematical" in the given context.

Context: "kalgebra is a <t>mathematical</t> calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs."

Target word: mathematical

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mathematical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics | examples=a mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments
2. sense_key=mathematical%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers | synonyms=numerical | examples=tests for rating numerical aptitude; a mathematical whiz
3. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:unquestionable:00 | definition=beyond question | examples=a mathematical certainty
4. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:possible:00 | definition=statistically possible though highly improbable | examples=have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs
5. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00 | definition=characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics | examples=mathematical precision

Analysis of the context:
"kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs."

The word "mathematical" modifies "calculator". The calculator is designed for operations (arithmetic and logical) and representing graphs (2D and 3D). This strongly suggests that the calculator deals with the subject matter of mathematics.

Evaluation of senses:
1. **sense_key=mathematical%3:01:00:: (of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics)**: This fits perfectly. A "mathematical calculator" is a calculator designed for mathematical purposes.
2. **sense_key=mathematical%3:00:00:: (relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers)**: While related, this sense often refers to aptitude or mental ability (e.g., "a mathematical whiz"). While a calculator works with numbers, the primary meaning here is about its function/domain, not its inherent ability to think. Sense 1 is broader and more accurate for describing the *type* of calculator.
3. **sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:unquestionable:00**: Irrelevant.
4. **sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:possible:00**: Irrelevant.
5. **sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00**: While mathematical calculations aim for exactness, the primary description of the calculator is that it *is* a tool for mathematics, not just that it possesses precision (though it likely does). Sense 1 captures the scope of its function better.

Conclusion: Sense 1, "of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics," is the best fit.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: base
Target surface form: based
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator <t>based</t> on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=base%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation
2. sense_key=base%2:42:04:: | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab
3. sense_key=base%2:34:00:: | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "based" in the given context.
The target lemma is "base".
The target surface form is "based".
The context is: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator <t>based</t> on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs."

The word "based" is functioning as an adjective here, modifying "kalgebra".
The structure is "kalgebra is [adjective] on [something]".

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=base%2:31:00::**
   * Definition: use as a basis for
   * Synonyms: establish, ground, found
   * Example: base a claim on some observation
   * *Relevance to context:* "kalgebra is based on content markup MathML language." This means the calculator uses MathML as its foundation or basis. This fits perfectly.

2. **sense_key=base%2:42:04::**
   * Definition: situate as a center of operations
   * Example: we will base this project in the new lab
   * *Relevance to context:* This relates to physical location or operational center. While "based on" can sometimes imply location, here it refers to the underlying technology/foundation (MathML language), not a physical location. Less likely.

3. **sense_key=base%2:34:00::**
   * Definition: use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes
   * Synonyms: free-base
   * *Relevance to context:* This is a highly specific, non-technical, drug-related meaning. Completely irrelevant to a mathematical calculator.

Conclusion: Sense 1, meaning "use as a basis for," is the correct sense.

I need to return the index of the chosen sense (1).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: capable
Target surface form: capable
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is <t>capable</t> to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=capable%3:00:00:: | definition=(usually followed by `of') having capacity or ability | examples=capable of winning; capable of hard work
2. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:susceptible:00 | definition=possibly accepting or permitting | synonyms=open, subject | examples=a passage capable of misinterpretation; open to interpretation
3. sense_key=capable%3:00:02:: | definition=(followed by `of') having the temperament or inclination for | examples=no one believed her capable of murder
4. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:adequate:00 | definition=having the requisite qualities for | synonyms=adequate to, equal to, up to | examples=equal to the task; the work isn't up to the standard I require
5. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well | synonyms=able | examples=able teachers; a capable administrator

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "capable" in the given context.

Context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is <t>capable</t> to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."

Target word: capable

Analysis of the context:
The sentence states that kalgebra (a mathematical calculator) is "capable to make simple MathML operations... and to representate 2D and 3D graphs."
This means the calculator possesses the ability or function to perform these tasks.

Analysis of candidate senses:

1. sense_key=capable%3:00:00:: | definition=(usually followed by `of') having capacity or ability | examples=capable of winning; capable of hard work
   * This sense relates to general capacity/ability. The structure "capable to make" is slightly unusual (often "capable of making"), but the meaning aligns with having the ability to perform operations.

2. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:susceptible:00 | definition=possibly accepting or permitting | synonyms=open, subject | examples=a passage capable of misinterpretation; open to interpretation
   * This means vulnerable or receptive. This does not fit the context of a calculator performing functions.

3. sense_key=capable%3:00:02:: | definition=(followed by `of') having the temperament or inclination for | examples=no one believed her capable of murder
   * This relates to disposition or inclination (e.g., criminal inclination). This does not fit the context of a calculator.

4. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:adequate:00 | definition=having the requisite qualities for | synonyms=adequate to, equal to, up to | examples=equal to the task; the work isn't up to the standard I require
   * This means sufficient or meeting standards. While the calculator might be adequate, the context emphasizes its *functionality* (it *can* do X and Y), which is closer to ability than just meeting a standard.

5. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well | synonyms=able | examples=able teachers; a capable administrator
   * This means having the necessary skills/qualifications. This fits well, as the calculator has the necessary functions/skills to perform the operations.

Comparing 1, 4, and 5:
* Sense 1 (capacity or ability): Very general fit.
* Sense 4 (adequate): Focuses on sufficiency/standard.
* Sense 5 (competent): Focuses on having the necessary skills/qualifications to perform tasks well.

The context describes the calculator's functional ability: it *can* perform operations and represent graphs. Both Sense 1 and Sense 5 capture this. Sense 5, "competent," often implies a high level of functional ability or skill set, which is appropriate for a mathematical tool. Sense 1 is also strong.

Let's re-examine the provided options and the instruction to choose the *single best* indexed sense.

The provided options are:
1. sense_key=capable%3:00:00:: | definition=(usually followed by `of') having capacity or ability
2. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:susceptible:00
3. sense_key=capable%3:00:02:: | definition=(followed by `of') having the temperament or inclination for
4. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:adequate:00
5. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:competent:00

The context is about the calculator's functional ability.
Sense 1 ("having capacity or ability") is the most direct and general match for "it is capable to make operations."
Sense 5 ("have the skills and qualifications to do things well") is also a strong match, especially if we view the calculator's functions as its "skills."

In many linguistic contexts, when describing a machine or system's function, "capable" maps most directly to "having the capacity/ability" (Sense 1).

However, let's look at the provided solution structure in the prompt (which I must follow). The prompt asks me to return the JSON object corresponding to the chosen sense index.

If I choose Sense 1: {"sense_index": 1}
If I choose Sense 5: {"sense_index": 5}

Both 1 and 5 are highly plausible. Sense 1 is the most fundamental definition of capability.

Let's assume the provided list of senses is ordered 1 through 5.

Context: "it is capable to make simple MathML operations..."
This means it possesses the ability to perform these operations.

I select Sense 1: having capacity or ability.

Wait, the instructions require me to return the JSON object exactly like `{"sense_index": 3}`. This implies I must map my chosen sense to the index number provided in the list (1, 2, 3, 4, or 5).

My choice is Sense 1.

Final check:
Context: Calculator has the ability to perform operations.
Sense 1: having capacity or ability. -> Match.

I will select index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: make
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to <t>make</t> simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "make" in the given context.

Context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to <t>make</t> simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."

The word "make" is used in the phrase "capable to make simple MathML operations".

I need to determine what "make" means here. It refers to the function of a calculator (kalgebra) being able to perform or generate operations.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort (Doing operations fits 'doing', but is it the best fit?)
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly (Not relevant)
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor (Creation/generation of operations)
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get (Causation, but usually implies influencing an agent)
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do (Causation/generation)
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create (Manufacturing, too specific)
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw (Mental process, not relevant)
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat (Compulsion, not relevant)
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create (Artistic, not relevant)
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise (Earning, not relevant)
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do (Design/creation)
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute (Representing/forming operations fits well)
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to (Reaching a goal, not performing an action)
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father (Potentiality, not relevant)
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake (Construction/assembly)
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move (Performing an operation fits this definition well)
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build (Physical construction, not relevant)
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold (Transformation, not relevant)
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies (Acquiring/behaving)
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate (Nomination, not relevant)
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get (Achieving a score, not relevant)
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain (Reaching a place, not relevant)
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish (Establishing laws, not relevant)
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas (Carrying out an action/mistake)
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum (Assembling people, not relevant)
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give (Organizing an event, not relevant)
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up (Tidying, not relevant)
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take (Moving directionally, not relevant)
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca (Bodily function, not relevant)
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater (Passive transformation, not relevant)
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture (Suitability, not relevant)
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight (Calculation/summation, highly relevant to math operations)
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living (Equivalence, not relevant)
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man (Defining essence, not relevant)
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us (Pretending/appearing)
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest (Movement, not relevant)
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane (Arriving timely, not relevant)
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire (Specific action, not relevant)
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette? (Cooking, not relevant)
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score (Sexual, not relevant)
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play! (Ensuring success, not relevant)
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe (Pretending, not relevant)
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it (Assuming/believing)
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet (Estimating/calculating)
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day (Pleasure, not relevant)
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner (Facilitating development, not relevant)
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father! (Developing into, not relevant)
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry (Behavior, not relevant)
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee (Bodily function, not relevant)

The context is about a calculator being capable of performing mathematical operations.

Candidates 16 (perform or carry out) and 24 (carry out or commit) are strong general candidates for "performing operations."
Candidate 32 (add up to) is highly specific to mathematical calculation and summation, which is exactly what "simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical)" entails.

If the operations are arithmetic (like 2+2) or logical (like AND/OR), the calculator is performing calculations or determining results.

Sense 32: "add up to" (examples: four and four make eight). This perfectly captures the function of performing arithmetic operations.

Sense 16: "perform or carry out" (examples: make a decision; make a move). This is broader and could apply to performing a complex sequence of operations, but Sense 32 is more precise for the mathematical context.

Sense 24: "carry out or commit" (examples: make a mistake). This implies execution, but Sense 32 captures the *nature* of the operation (calculation/summation) better.

Given the phrase "simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical)", Sense 32, which relates to calculation and summation, is the most precise fit.

I will choose sense_key=make%2:42:12.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: simple
Target surface form: simple
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make <t>simple</t> MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: | definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples=a simple problem; simple mechanisms
2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 | definition=easy and not involved or complicated | synonyms=elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic | examples=an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson
3. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 | definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | synonyms=bare, mere | examples=only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea
4. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00 | definition=exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity | synonyms=childlike, wide-eyed, round-eyed, dewy-eyed | examples=childlike trust; dewy-eyed innocence
5. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00 | definition=lacking mental capacity and subtlety | synonyms=dim-witted, simple-minded
6. sense_key=simple%3:00:01:: | definition=(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions | synonyms=unsubdivided
7. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=unornamented | examples=a simple country schoolhouse; her black dress--simple to austerity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "simple" in the given context.

Context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make <t>simple</t> MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."

Target word: simple
Contextual usage: "capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical)"

I need to analyze the candidate senses:

1. **simple%3:00:02**: having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved. (Examples: a simple problem; simple mechanisms)
2. **simple%5:00:00:easy:01**: easy and not involved or complicated. (Synonyms: elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic)
3. **simple%5:00:02:plain:01**: apart from anything else; without additions or modifications. (Synonyms: bare, mere)
4. **simple%5:00:00:naive:00**: exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity.
5. **simple%5:00:00:retarded:00**: lacking mental capacity and subtlety.
6. **simple%3:00:01**: (botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions.
7. **simple%5:00:00:plain:01**: unornamented. (Examples: a simple country schoolhouse; her black dress--simple to austerity)

The context refers to "simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical)".
Operations that are "simple" in a mathematical/computational context usually mean they are basic, fundamental, or easy to perform.

Let's evaluate the candidates:

*   **1. simple%3:00:02 (not complex or complicated or involved)**: This fits well. Basic operations are not complex or complicated.
*   **2. simple%5:00:00:easy:01 (easy and not involved or complicated)**: This also fits very well. Basic operations are easy.
*   **3. simple%5:00:02:plain:01 (apart from anything else; without additions or modifications)**: This sense relates to minimalism or lack of embellishment. While basic operations are minimal, "easy" or "not complex" seems a more direct fit for describing the *nature* of the operation itself.
*   **4. simple%5:00:00:naive:00**: Irrelevant (relates to people's mindset).
*   **5. simple%5:00:00:retarded:00**: Irrelevant (negative mental capacity).
*   **6. simple%3:00:01**: Irrelevant (botany).
*   **7. simple%5:00:00:plain:01 (unornamented)**: Similar to 3, relates to appearance/lack of complexity, but "easy" or "not complex" is stronger here.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 1: "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved."
Sense 2: "easy and not involved or complicated."

In the context of "simple operations," both "not complex" (Sense 1) and "easy" (Sense 2) are highly relevant. However, Sense 2 explicitly includes "easy," which is a very common way to describe basic operations (e.g., "simple addition," "easy calculation"). Sense 1 focuses more on the structural lack of complexity ("having few parts").

Since the operations are described as being capable of being made, implying they are fundamental or basic, Sense 2 ("easy and not involved or complicated") captures the functional meaning best.

Let's re-examine the provided options and the instruction to choose the *single best* sense.

Sense 1: not complex or complicated or involved.
Sense 2: easy and not involved or complicated.

If I have to choose between "not complex" (Sense 1) and "easy" (Sense 2), "easy" often encompasses the idea of "not complex" when discussing tasks or operations.

I will select Sense 2 as the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: operation
Target surface form: operations
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML <t>operations</t> (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=operation%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being in effect or being operative | examples=that rule is no longer in operation
2. sense_key=operation%1:04:06:: | definition=a business especially one run on a large scale | examples=a large-scale farming operation; a multinational operation
3. sense_key=operation%1:04:03:: | definition=a planned activity involving many people performing various actions | examples=they organized a rescue operation; the biggest police operation in French history
4. sense_key=operation%1:22:00:: | definition=(computer science) data processing in which the result is completely specified by a rule (especially the processing that results from a single instruction) | examples=it can perform millions of operations per second
5. sense_key=operation%1:04:02:: | definition=activity by a military or naval force (as a maneuver or campaign) | synonyms=military operation | examples=it was a joint operation of the navy and air force
6. sense_key=operation%1:04:00:: | definition=a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body | synonyms=surgery, surgical operation, surgical procedure, surgical process | examples=they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available; he died while undergoing surgery
7. sense_key=operation%1:04:05:: | definition=a process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work | synonyms=procedure | examples=the operations in building a house; certain machine tool operations
8. sense_key=operation%1:22:01:: | definition=process or manner of functioning or operating | synonyms=functioning, performance | examples=the power of its engine determines its operation; the plane's operation in high winds
9. sense_key=operation%1:09:00:: | definition=(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents | synonyms=process, cognitive process, mental process, cognitive operation | examples=the process of thinking; the cognitive operation of remembering
10. sense_key=operation%1:04:01:: | definition=(mathematics) calculation by mathematical methods | synonyms=mathematical process, mathematical operation | examples=the problems at the end of the chapter demonstrated the mathematical processes involved in the derivation; they were learning the basic operations of arithmetic
11. sense_key=operation%1:04:07:: | definition=the activity of operating something (a machine or business etc.) | examples=her smooth operation of the vehicle gave us a surprisingly comfortable ride

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "operations" (lemma: "operation") based on the provided context.

Context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML <t>operations</t> (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."

The target word is "operations".

Analysis of the context:
1. The context discusses "kalgebra," which is a "mathematical calculator."
2. It states that kalgebra is capable of making simple MathML `<t>operations</t> (arithmetic and logical)`.
3. The parenthetical clarification "(arithmetic and logical)" strongly points towards mathematical or computational processes.

Evaluation of candidate senses:

1. operation%1:26:00: state of being in effect/operative. (Irrelevant)
2. operation%1:04:06: business run on a large scale. (Irrelevant)
3. operation%1:04:03: planned activity involving many people (e.g., rescue operation). (Irrelevant)
4. operation%1:22:00: (computer science) data processing specified by a rule (single instruction). (Plausible, relates to computation, but maybe too specific/low-level compared to arithmetic/logical operations.)
5. operation%1:04:02: military/naval force activity. (Irrelevant)
6. operation%1:04:00: medical procedure/surgery. (Irrelevant)
7. operation%1:04:05: process or series of acts (practical/mechanical). (Too general, misses the mathematical context.)
8. operation%1:22:01: process or manner of functioning/operating. (Relates to function, but the context specifies *arithmetic and logical* actions.)
9. operation%1:09:00: (psychology) cognitive activity. (Irrelevant)
10. operation%1:04:01: (mathematics) calculation by mathematical methods. Synonyms: mathematical process, mathematical operation. Examples: basic operations of arithmetic. (This is a perfect match. The context explicitly mentions "arithmetic and logical" operations within a "mathematical calculator.")
11. operation%1:04:07: activity of operating something (machine/business). (Too general, misses the mathematical context.)

Conclusion: Sense 10 is the best fit because the context explicitly links "operations" to "arithmetic and logical" functions within a "mathematical calculator."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: 3d
Target surface form: 3D
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and <t>3D</t> graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=3-d%1:10:00:: | definition=a movie with images having three dimensional form or appearance | synonyms=three-D
2. sense_key=3-d%1:09:00:: | definition=having a three-dimensional form or appearance | synonyms=three-D | examples=aren't dreams always in 3-D?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target surface form: "3D"
    *   Target lemma: "3d"
    *   Context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and <t>3D</t> graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."

2.  **Analyze the candidates:**
    *   Candidate 1 (sense_key=3-d%1:10:00):
        *   Definition: a movie with images having three dimensional form or appearance
        *   Synonyms: three-D
    *   Candidate 2 (sense_key=3-d%1:09:00):
        *   Definition: having a three-dimensional form or appearance
        *   Synonyms: three-D
        *   Examples: aren't dreams always in 3-D?

3.  **Evaluate the context against the candidates:**
    *   The context discusses a mathematical calculator ("kalgebra") that can "representate 2D and 3D graphs."
    *   "Graphs" in mathematics are typically representations of data or functions in space.
    *   The term "3D graphs" refers to graphs existing in three-dimensional space (x, y, z coordinates).

4.  **Determine the best fit:**
    *   Candidate 1 (movie): This is clearly incorrect. The context is about mathematical graphs, not cinema.
    *   Candidate 2 (having a three-dimensional form or appearance): This definition perfectly matches the concept of a "3D graph" (a graph that possesses a three-dimensional form/representation).

5.  **Select the final sense:** Candidate 2 is the best fit.

6.  **Format the output:** The instruction requires a JSON object with the sense index. Since the candidates are numbered 1 and 2, the chosen sense is 2. (Wait, the prompt asks for the JSON structure `{"sense_index": 3}` but only provides two candidates. I must assume the numbering in the prompt is sequential, so Candidate 2 corresponds to index 2).

*Self-Correction/Refinement:* The prompt structure is slightly confusing as it shows `{"sense_index": 3}` as an example, but only provides two candidates. I will use the index corresponding to the chosen candidate (Candidate 2).

Chosen sense index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: actually
Target surface form: actually
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is <t>actually</t> not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=actually%4:02:01:: | definition=in actual fact | synonyms=really | examples=to be nominally but not actually independent; no one actually saw the shark
2. sense_key=actually%4:02:00:: | definition=used to imply that one would expect the fact to be the opposite of that stated; surprisingly | synonyms=in reality | examples=you may actually be doing the right thing by walking out; she actually spoke Latin
3. sense_key=actually%4:02:03:: | definition=at the present moment | examples=the transmission screen shows the picture that is actually on the air
4. sense_key=actually%4:02:02:: | definition=as a sentence modifier to add slight emphasis | examples=actually, we all help clear up after a meal; actually, I haven't seen the film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "actually" in the given context.

Context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is <t>actually</t> not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator."

Target word: actually

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=actually%4:02:01:: | definition=in actual fact | synonyms=really | examples=to be nominally but not actually independent; no one actually saw the shark
2. sense_key=actually%4:02:00:: | definition=used to imply that one would expect the fact to be the opposite of that stated; surprisingly | synonyms=in reality | examples=you may actually be doing the right thing by walking out; she actually spoke Latin
3. sense_key=actually%4:02:03:: | definition=at the present moment | examples=the transmission screen shows the picture that is actually on the air
4. sense_key=actually%4:02:02:: | definition=as a sentence modifier to add slight emphasis | examples=actually, we all help clear up after a meal; actually, I haven't seen the film

Analysis of the context:
"Nowadays it is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."
The word "actually" modifies the statement "it is not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."
The function of "actually" here is to emphasize or confirm a reality that might be surprising or contrary to a common assumption (i.e., one might assume that since it's a MathML-based calculator, knowing MathML *is* necessary).

Let's evaluate the senses:

1. **sense_key=actually%4:02:01 (in actual fact):** This fits the meaning of confirming a reality. "In actual fact, it is not necessary..."
2. **sense_key=actually%4:02:00 (surprisingly/in reality):** This also fits. The fact that it is *not* necessary might be surprising, and "actually" signals this unexpected reality.
3. **sense_key=actually%4:02:03 (at the present moment):** This is temporal and does not fit the context.
4. **sense_key=actually%4:02:02 (as a sentence modifier to add slight emphasis):** This is a general function of "actually." It emphasizes the truth of the statement.

Comparing 1, 2, and 4:
Sense 4 is the most general definition ("add slight emphasis").
Sense 1 ("in actual fact") is a strong fit for confirming a truth.
Sense 2 ("surprisingly/in reality") captures the nuance that the statement might contradict expectations, which is often the function of "actually" in this structure ("It is actually not X").

In the phrase "it is actually not necessary," the speaker is correcting a potential assumption or stating a surprising fact. Both Sense 1 and Sense 2 capture this. However, Sense 2 explicitly includes the element of surprise or contradiction ("used to imply that one would expect the fact to be the opposite of that stated; surprisingly"). This nuance seems stronger than just stating a fact (Sense 1) or merely adding emphasis (Sense 4).

Let's re-examine the examples for Sense 2:
"you may actually be doing the right thing by walking out" (Implies the speaker might have expected the listener to be doing something else, or that the action is counter-intuitive).
"she actually spoke Latin" (Implies she was not expected to speak Latin).

This aligns perfectly with the context: "it is actually not necessary to know MathML" (Implies one might expect it *to be* necessary).

Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.

Wait, I need to check the provided indices carefully.
Sense 1: 02:01
Sense 2: 02:00
Sense 3: 02:03
Sense 4: 02:02

The best sense is Sense 2. I must return the JSON structure using the index number (which corresponds to the order in the list, 1, 2, 3, 4).

Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: necessary
Target surface form: necessary
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not <t>necessary</t> to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=necessary%3:00:00:: | definition=absolutely essential
2. sense_key=necessary%5:00:00:inevitable:00 | definition=unavoidably determined by prior circumstances | examples=the necessary consequences of one's actions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target word: "necessary"
    *   Context: "It is actually not <t>necessary</t> to know MathML to use kalgebra."
    *   Meaning in context: The knowledge of MathML is not required or essential for using kalgebra.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `necessary%3:00:00:: | definition=absolutely essential`
        *   Synonyms/Concept: Essential, required.
    *   Sense 2: `necessary%5:00:00:inevitable:00 | definition=unavoidably determined by prior circumstances | examples=the necessary consequences of one's actions`
        *   Synonyms/Concept: Inevitable, predetermined.

3.  **Map Context to Senses:**
    *   The context uses "not necessary" to mean "not required" or "not essential."
    *   Sense 1 ("absolutely essential") aligns perfectly with the concept of requirement/essentiality. If something is *not* absolutely essential, it is not required.
    *   Sense 2 ("unavoidably determined") relates to fate or logical consequence (e.g., "death is a necessary consequence of aging"). This meaning does not fit the context of skill requirement.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.

5.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The instruction requires returning only a JSON object with the sense index.
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1. (Wait, the prompt uses `sense_key=necessary%3:00:00::` and `sense_key=necessary%5:00:00:`. I must use the index provided in the prompt structure, which implies the first candidate is index 1 and the second is index 2.)

    *   Candidate 1 (Sense 1): `necessary%3:00:00::` -> Index 1
    *   Candidate 2 (Sense 2): `necessary%5:00:00:` -> Index 2

    *   The chosen sense is Candidate 1.

6.  **Final Check:** The chosen sense (absolutely essential) matches the usage ("not necessary to know").


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to <t>know</t> MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "know" in the given context.

Context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to <t>know</t> MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator."

Target word: "know"

The sentence is: "It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."

This sentence implies that one does not need prior knowledge or familiarity with the MathML language structure to operate the calculator (kalgebra), which is based on MathML.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. **know%2:31:01**: be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about. (e.g., I know that the President lied...) -> This fits the general idea of possessing information about MathML.
2. **know%2:31:03**: know how to do or perform something. (e.g., She knows how to knit...) -> This relates to skill/ability. While one might need to know *how* to use MathML, the context suggests not needing to *know* the language itself.
3. **know%2:31:02**: be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt. (e.g., I know that I left the key on the table...) -> This relates to certainty or belief, which is less relevant here.
4. **know%2:31:00**: be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object. (e.g., She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?) -> This relates to acquaintance/familiarity with the subject matter (MathML).
5. **know%2:31:04**: have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations. (e.g., I know the feeling!...) -> Relates to personal experience, not technical knowledge of a language.
6. **know%2:31:06**: accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority. (e.g., The Crown Prince was acknowledged...) -> Relates to recognition/acceptance of status.
7. **know%2:31:15**: have fixed in the mind. (e.g., I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs) -> Relates to memorization/mastery of facts/language.
8. **know%2:35:00**: have sexual intercourse with. (Irrelevant)
9. **know%2:31:11**: know the nature or character of. (e.g., we all knew her as a big show-off) -> Relates to understanding personality/essence.
10. **know%2:31:12**: be able to distinguish, recognize as being different. (e.g., The child knows right from wrong) -> Relates to discernment.
11. **know%2:31:14**: perceive as familiar. (e.g., I know this voice!...) -> Relates to recognition of familiarity.

The phrase "not necessary to know MathML" generally means "not necessary to be familiar with MathML" or "not necessary to possess knowledge of MathML."

Sense 1 (possess knowledge/be cognizant) and Sense 4 (be familiar/acquainted) are the closest candidates.

If we interpret "know MathML" as "possess detailed knowledge of its syntax and structure," Sense 1 is strong.
If we interpret "know MathML" as "be familiar with the concept/language," Sense 4 is strong.

In the context of using a software tool (kalgebra) that *uses* MathML, the requirement is usually about familiarity or basic awareness, not necessarily deep, expert knowledge (which would align with Sense 1 or 7). However, Sense 1 ("possess knowledge or information about") is the most general and robust fit for the idea of needing information about a subject.

Let's compare 1 and 4 again.
Sense 4: "She doesn't know this composer." (Lack of acquaintance)
Sense 1: "I want to know who is winning the game!" (Desire for information)

The context implies that the user does not need to be knowledgeable about the language to operate the calculator. Both senses capture this lack of requirement. Sense 1, "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information," is the standard definition for needing knowledge about a subject matter.

I will select Sense 1 as it represents the general requirement of possessing information/awareness about a topic (MathML).

Sense 1: be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: use
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to <t>use</t> kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "use" in the given context.

Context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to <t>use</t> kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator."

Target word: use

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Analysis:
The sentence is: "It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."
"kalgebra" is a mathematical calculator.
The action "to use kalgebra" means to operate the calculator, to employ its functions, or to utilize it for its intended purpose.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01: "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose." This perfectly matches using a calculator (a tool) for its purpose.
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02: "take or consume (regularly or habitually)." This doesn't fit a calculator.
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00: "use up, consume fully." This implies depletion, which doesn't fit operating a calculator.
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14: "seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage." This usually refers to using people or resources strategically (e.g., using friends for jobs). While a calculator is a resource, sense 1 is more direct for operating a tool.
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04: "avail oneself to." This is similar to sense 1, meaning to utilize or apply. "Avail oneself to a calculator" is slightly formal, but the meaning is close to sense 1.
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03: "habitually do something (use only in the past tense)." This is about past habits ("used to"). The context is present necessity ("to use").

Conclusion: Sense 1, "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose," is the most accurate description of using a piece of software/hardware (a calculator).

Mapping to the required output format:
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: now
Target surface form: now
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator. Although it was initially MathML oriented it can <t>now</t> be used by everyone with little mathematical knowledge. Here's a screenshot of kalgebra main window

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: | definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: | definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets
3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: | definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: | definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: | definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: | definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: | definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "now" in the given context.

Context: "Although it was initially MathML oriented it can <t>now</t> be used by everyone with little mathematical knowledge."

Target word: "now"

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=now%4:02:05: in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events. (e.g., President Kennedy now calls...) -> Unlikely.
2. sense_key=now%4:02:00: in these times; - Nancy Mitford. Synonyms: nowadays, today. (e.g., upper classes nowadays are distinguished) -> Possible, suggesting a current trend or state.
3. sense_key=now%4:02:02: used to preface a command or reproof or request. (e.g., now hear this!) -> Unlikely.
4. sense_key=now%4:02:04: at the present moment. Synonyms: at present. (e.g., goods now on sale) -> Possible, indicating current availability/state.
5. sense_key=now%4:02:01: without delay or hesitation. Synonyms: immediately, instantly. (e.g., he answered immediately) -> Unlikely.
6. sense_key=now%4:02:07: (prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity. (e.g., Now the next problem is...) -> Unlikely.
7. sense_key=now%4:02:06: in the immediate past. (e.g., told me just now) -> Unlikely.

Analysis of the context:
"Although it was initially MathML oriented it can now be used by everyone with little mathematical knowledge."

The sentence contrasts the initial state (MathML oriented) with the current capability/state (can be used by everyone). The word "now" indicates a change in status or availability that is true at the present time, contrasting with the past.

Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 4:
Sense 4 ("at the present moment") fits well, indicating the current state of the software.
Sense 2 ("in these times," synonymous with "nowadays") also fits, suggesting a current trend or general state of the software's accessibility.

However, the structure "it can now be used" strongly emphasizes the *current ability* or *current availability* resulting from development/change.

Let's re-examine the usage: "it can now be used". This is a temporal marker indicating that the ability exists *at this point in time*.

Sense 4: "at the present moment." This is a very direct fit for marking the current state of capability.
Sense 2: "in these times." This is usually used to describe general societal trends ("Nowadays, people use phones more"). While applicable, Sense 4 is more precise for describing a specific feature's current status.

In the context of capability change ("was initially X, but now is Y"), "now" functions as a marker of present availability/state. Sense 4 captures this best.

Let's select Sense 4.