[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's <t>program</t> to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "program" in the given context.

Context:
"But the council's <t>program</t> to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."

Target word: program

Candidate senses analysis:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Evaluation:
The context states: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful..."
The word "program" is used here to describe an organized effort or initiative by the council aimed at achieving specific goals (attracting and training ringers).

Sense 1: "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished" (synonyms: plan, programme). This fits well. A council's effort to attract and train ringers is essentially a plan or a series of steps.
Sense 2: "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" (synonyms: programme). This also fits very well, as attracting and training ringers is a public service/need addressed by the council.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 1 focuses on the *steps* or *goals*.
Sense 2 focuses on the *system of projects or services*.

In the context of a council initiative ("the council's program to attract and train ringers"), Sense 2, which emphasizes the scope and nature of the organized effort ("a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need"), seems slightly more comprehensive and appropriate than just "a series of steps" (Sense 1). However, Sense 1 is also highly accurate.

Let's re-examine the relationship between the senses. Sense 2 is a specific type of Sense 1 (a plan that constitutes a system of projects). Given the formal context of a council addressing a community issue (lack of ringers), "system of projects or services" (Sense 2) is the most precise fit for a governmental/civic initiative.

Sense 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 are clearly incorrect (TV show, political document, event schedule, academic course, computer code, performance).

Choosing between 1 and 2:
Context: "the council's program to attract and train ringers"
Sense 1: plan/series of steps.
Sense 2: system of projects/services intended to meet a public need.

Since the goal is to address a community problem (lack of ringers), Sense 2 captures the intent and scope of the council's action better.

I will select Sense 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attract
Target surface form: attract
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to <t>attract</t> and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attract%2:35:00:: | definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | synonyms=pull, pull in, draw, draw in | examples=Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers
2. sense_key=attract%2:37:00:: | definition=be attractive to | synonyms=appeal | examples=The idea of a vacation appeals to me; The beautiful garden attracted many people
3. sense_key=attract%2:35:01:: | definition=exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away | examples=the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "attract" in the given context.

Context: "But the council's program to <t>attract</t> and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."

Target word: attract

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attract%2:35:00:: | definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | synonyms=pull, pull in, draw, draw in | examples=Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers
2. sense_key=attract%2:37:00:: | definition=be attractive to | synonyms=appeal | examples=The idea of a vacation appeals to me; The beautiful garden attracted many people
3. sense_key=attract%2:35:01:: | definition=exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away | examples=the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies

Analysis:
The context is about a council's program designed to recruit (attract) and train bellringers. The goal is to get people (ringers) to join the program/activity.

1. Sense 1 (psychological/physical power, pull, draw in): This sense relates to drawing people or things towards oneself using appeal or force. The examples ("Her good looks attract the stares," "The ad pulled in many potential customers") fit the idea of recruitment/drawing in.
2. Sense 2 (be attractive to, appeal): This sense focuses on the quality of being appealing. While related, the action of the program is *to make* people come, which is more about the act of drawing/luring than just possessing an appealing quality.
3. Sense 3 (physical force, gravitational): This is clearly physical/scientific and irrelevant to recruiting people for a hobby.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
The program aims to *attract* ringers. This means the program is trying to draw people into the activity.
Sense 1: "direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes." (e.g., an ad drawing in customers). This fits the idea of a recruitment effort.
Sense 2: "be attractive to." (e.g., the garden is attractive to people). This describes a state, not the active process of recruitment.

In the context of recruitment ("program to attract and train ringers"), Sense 1, which encompasses the idea of drawing people in (like an advertisement drawing in customers), is the most appropriate fit.

Therefore, sense_key=attract%2:35:00 is the best choice.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: train
Target surface form: train
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and <t>train</t> ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=train%2:31:01:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=develop, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
2. sense_key=train%2:31:00:: | definition=undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession | synonyms=prepare | examples=She is training to be a teacher; He trained as a legal aid
3. sense_key=train%2:41:02:: | definition=develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control | synonyms=discipline, check, condition | examples=Parents must discipline their children; Is this dog trained?
4. sense_key=train%2:41:00:: | definition=educate for a future role or function | synonyms=prepare, groom | examples=He is grooming his son to become his successor; The prince was prepared to become King one day
5. sense_key=train%2:41:01:: | definition=teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment | synonyms=educate, school, cultivate, civilize, civilise | examples=Cultivate your musical taste; Train your tastebuds
6. sense_key=train%2:33:00:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, take, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
7. sense_key=train%2:32:00:: | definition=teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports | synonyms=coach | examples=He is training our Olympic team; She is coaching the crew
8. sense_key=train%2:29:00:: | definition=exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition | examples=She is training for the Olympics
9. sense_key=train%2:41:03:: | definition=cause to grow in a certain way by tying and pruning it | examples=train the vine
10. sense_key=train%2:38:00:: | definition=travel by rail or train | synonyms=rail | examples=They railed from Rome to Venice; She trained to Hamburg
11. sense_key=train%2:35:04:: | definition=drag loosely along a surface; allow to sweep the ground | synonyms=trail | examples=The toddler was trailing his pants; She trained her long scarf behind her

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "train" in the given context.

Context: "But the council's program to attract and <t>train</t> ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."

Target word: train (verb)

The context indicates that the council is running a program to attract and *train* bellringers. Bellringing is a skill or profession that requires instruction and practice.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. `sense_key=train%2:31:01`: create by training and teaching. (General creation through instruction).
2. `sense_key=train%2:31:00`: undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession. (Focuses on the process of preparation for a role).
3. `sense_key=train%2:41:02`: develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control. (Specific to behavior/discipline).
4. `sense_key=train%2:41:00`: educate for a future role or function. (General education for a role).
5. `sense_key=train%2:41:01`: teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment. (Specific to taste/judgment).
6. `sense_key=train%2:33:00`: point or cause to go towards. (Aiming).
7. `sense_key=train%2:32:00`: teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports. (Coaching/supervising skill development).
8. `sense_key=train%2:29:00`: exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition. (Focuses on physical practice).
9. `sense_key=train%2:41:03`: cause to grow in a certain way by tying and pruning it. (Horticulture).
10. `sense_key=train%2:38:00`: travel by rail or train. (Transportation).
11. `sense_key=train%2:35:04`: drag loosely along a surface. (Trailing).

The context is about teaching people (ringers) a skill (bell ringing) so they can perform a function (ringing bells).

Comparing the relevant senses:
*   Sense 2 (`31:00`): "undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession." This fits well. The ringers are being prepared for the role of a bellringer.
*   Sense 4 (`41:00`): "educate for a future role or function." This is very similar to Sense 2.
*   Sense 7 (`32:00`): "teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports." This emphasizes the act of coaching/teaching a skill.

Since bell ringing is a specific skill, Sense 7 (coaching/teaching a skill) and Sense 2 (instruction for a role) are the strongest candidates.

Sense 2 focuses on the *result* (preparation for a role).
Sense 7 focuses on the *action* (teaching/coaching the skill).

In the phrase "program to attract and train ringers," the council is providing the instruction/coaching. Sense 7 captures this active role of instruction/coaching best, although Sense 2 is also highly applicable.

Let's re-evaluate the distinction between 2 and 7.
Sense 2: "She is training to be a teacher." (Focus on the individual's preparation).
Sense 7: "He is training our Olympic team." (Focus on the instructor's action).

In the context, "the council's program... to attract and train ringers," the council is the agent performing the training. Sense 7, which includes "teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to)," is a very precise fit for the institutional program providing instruction.

Therefore, Sense 7 is the most accurate description of the intended meaning.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train <t>ringers</t> is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "ringers" in the provided context.
The target lemma is "ringer".
The surface form is "ringers".

Context analysis:
The text discusses "the joys of bell ringing," "church life," "bells," and "vicar."
It mentions a "greater problem: lack of ringers."
It provides statistics: "of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."
It further states: "But the council's program to attract and train <t>ringers</t> is only partly successful..."

The context clearly links "ringers" to the activity of ringing bells in churches.

Candidate senses analysis:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Matching the context to the senses:
The context is entirely about church bells and bell ringing.
Sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" matches perfectly with the context (bell ringing, church life, trained bellringers).
Sense 2: Relates to physical resemblance (irrelevant).
Sense 3: Relates to cheating in competitions (irrelevant).
Sense 4: Relates to a specific sport (horseshoes) (irrelevant).

The best sense is Sense 1.

Final output format requirement: JSON object with "sense_index".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is <t>only</t> partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "only" in the given context.
The context is: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is <t>only</t> partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."

The target word "only" modifies the adjective phrase "partly successful".

Let's analyze the meaning of "only" here.
"Only partly successful" means that the success is limited, not complete. It suggests that there is a limitation or restriction on the degree of success.

Now let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but |
   * "Merely partly successful" fits the meaning of limitation.

2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone |
   * "Solely partly successful" is redundant or awkward. If it were "solely successful," it would mean exclusively successful. Here, it modifies the degree.

3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
   * This sense usually introduces a contrasting or disappointing outcome (e.g., "He arrived, but the result was bad"). This doesn't fit "only partly successful."

4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
   * This sense implies inevitability or consequence. Doesn't fit.

5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
   * This is a restrictive conjunction ("except"). Doesn't fit.

6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when |
   * This is a conditional restriction. Doesn't fit.

7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago
   * This is temporal. Doesn't fit.

Comparing Sense 1 and the context:
Context: "the council's program... is only partly successful"
Sense 1: definition=and nothing more; synonyms=merely, simply, just, but.
If we substitute "merely" or "simply": "the council's program... is merely partly successful." This perfectly captures the idea that the success is limited to just being partial, and no more.

Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, <t>says</t> Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "says" (lemma: "say") based on the provided context.

Context:
"It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, <t>says</t> Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds."

Target word: "says" (in the phrase "says Mr. Baldwin")

Analysis of the context:
The sentence structure is: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."
This structure indicates that Mr. Baldwin is providing commentary, an opinion, or a statement about the success (or lack thereof) of the council's program.

Reviewing the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
    * This fits perfectly. Mr. Baldwin is expressing his view/statement about the program's success.

2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
    * This is close, but sense 1 is more general and fits the context of giving an opinion/commentary better than "alleging."

3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
    * This is incorrect. He is stating a fact/opinion, not making a hypothetical supposition.

4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
    * Incorrect.

5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
    * Incorrect. He is not giving an order.

6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
    * Incorrect. This relates to phonetics/articulation.

7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
    * Incorrect.

8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
    * This is possible, but sense 1 (express in words/state) is a more precise fit for reporting a specific opinion/judgment in a journalistic context.

9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
    * This is also a very strong candidate, almost synonymous with sense 1. Sense 1 ("express in words") is broader and covers the act of reporting a statement, which is what is happening here. Sense 9 is more about the *act* of declaring an opinion, while sense 1 covers the general function of verbal communication in this context. Given the options, sense 1 is the most robust general fit for reporting speech/opinion.

10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
    * Incorrect.

11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon
    * Incorrect.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 9:
Sense 1: express in words (state, tell)
Sense 9: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare

The context is: "But the council's program... is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin." Mr. Baldwin is stating his judgment/opinion on the success of the program. Both senses apply. However, Sense 1, "express in words," is the fundamental definition of reporting speech, which is the primary function here.

I will choose Sense 1 as the best fit for reporting a statement/opinion.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: Right
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "<t>Right</t> now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%4:02:04:: | definition=precisely, exactly | examples=stand right here!
2. sense_key=right%4:02:08:: | definition=immediately | examples=she called right after dinner
3. sense_key=right%4:02:09:: | definition=exactly | synonyms=flop | examples=he fell flop on his face
4. sense_key=right%4:02:03:: | definition=toward or on the right; also used figuratively | examples=he looked right and left; the party has moved right
5. sense_key=right%4:02:01:: | definition=in the right manner | synonyms=properly, decently, decent, in good order, the right way | examples=please do your job properly!; can't you carry me decent?
6. sense_key=right%4:02:00:: | definition=an interjection expressing agreement | synonyms=right on
7. sense_key=right%4:02:07:: | definition=completely | examples=she felt right at home; he fell right into the trap
8. sense_key=right%4:02:06:: | definition=(Southern regional intensive) very; to a great degree | synonyms=mighty, mightily, powerful | examples=the baby is mighty cute; he's mighty tired
9. sense_key=right%4:02:05:: | definition=in accordance with moral or social standards | synonyms=justly | examples=that serves him right; do right by him
10. sense_key=right%4:02:02:: | definition=in an accurate manner | synonyms=correctly, aright | examples=the flower had been correctly depicted by his son; he guessed right

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "Right" in the given context.

Context:
"Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "<t>Right</t> now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."

Target word: "Right"
Location: "<t>Right</t> now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds."

The word "Right" here is used to introduce a point or transition to the current situation/time. It functions as an adverbial phrase or transition marker, meaning "at this moment" or "currently."

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=right%4:02:04:: | definition=precisely, exactly | examples=stand right here! (Could fit, but usually used for precision, not temporal transition.)
2. sense_key=right%4:02:08:: | definition=immediately | examples=she called right after dinner (This sense relates to immediacy, which aligns well with "Right now.")
3. sense_key=right%4:02:09:: | definition=exactly | synonyms=flop | examples=he fell flop on his face (Incorrect meaning/synonyms.)
4. sense_key=right%4:02:03:: | definition=toward or on the right; also used figuratively | examples=he looked right and left; the party has moved right (Spatial/figurative direction, not temporal.)
5. sense_key=right%4:02:01:: | definition=in the right manner | synonyms=properly, decently, decent, in good order, the right way | examples=please do your job properly!; can't you carry me decent? (Manner/correctness, not temporal.)
6. sense_key=right%4:02:00:: | definition=an interjection expressing agreement | synonyms=right on (This is used as an interjection, e.g., "Right, I agree," but here it introduces a statement about the present situation.)
7. sense_key=right%4:02:07:: | definition=completely | examples=she felt right at home; he fell right into the trap (Intensifier, not temporal.)
8. sense_key=right%4:02:06:: | definition=(Southern regional intensive) very; to a great degree | synonyms=mighty, mightily, powerful (Intensifier, not temporal.)
9. sense_key=right%4:02:05:: | definition=in accordance with moral or social standards | synonyms=justly | examples=that serves him right; do right by him (Moral correctness, not temporal.)
10. sense_key=right%4:02:02:: | definition=in an accurate manner | synonyms=correctly, aright | examples=the flower had been correctly depicted by his son; he guessed right (Accuracy, not temporal.)

The phrase "Right now" strongly suggests the meaning of "immediately" or "at this moment."

Sense 2: definition=immediately. This is the closest fit for "Right now."

Let's confirm the choice. "Right now, we're lucky..." means "At this moment, we are lucky..." This aligns perfectly with the definition of "immediately."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: now
Target surface form: now
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right <t>now</t>, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: | definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: | definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets
3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: | definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: | definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: | definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: | definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: | definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "now" in the given context.

Context:
"Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right <t>now</t>, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."

Target word: "now" (specifically "Right now")

The phrase is: "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10,"

This phrase indicates the current situation or the present time when making this assessment.

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: | definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
(This is about narrative time, not necessarily the immediate present moment of speaking/reporting.)

2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: | definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets
(This refers to a general period or era, like "in modern times." While "now" can mean this, the context "Right now" suggests immediacy.)

3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: | definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
(This is an imperative/exclamatory use. "Right now" is not used as a command here.)

4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: | definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
(This perfectly matches the meaning of "Right now," indicating the current time or moment of assessment.)

5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: | definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
(This is the temporal meaning of immediacy, e.g., "Do it now." While "Right now" can imply immediacy, the sentence is making a statement about the current state of affairs ("we're lucky if..."), not issuing an immediate command.)

6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: | definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
(This is a discourse marker, not the function here.)

7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: | definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now
(This refers to the recent past.)

Conclusion:
The phrase "Right now" in the sentence "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10" means "at this present moment" or "in the current situation." Sense 4, "at the present moment," is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lucky
Target surface form: lucky
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're <t>lucky</t> if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=occurring by chance | examples=a lucky escape; a lucky guess
2. sense_key=lucky%3:00:00:: | definition=having or bringing good fortune | examples=my lucky day; a lucky man
3. sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:propitious:00 | definition=presaging or likely to bring good luck | synonyms=golden, favorable, favourable, prosperous | examples=a favorable time to ask for a raise; lucky stars

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "lucky" in the given context.

Context: "Right now, we're <t>lucky</t> if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds."

Target word: lucky

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=occurring by chance | examples=a lucky escape; a lucky guess
2. sense_key=lucky%3:00:00:: | definition=having or bringing good fortune | examples=my lucky day; a lucky man
3. sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:propitious:00 | definition=presaging or likely to bring good luck | synonyms=golden, favorable, favourable, prosperous | examples=a favorable time to ask for a raise; lucky stars

Analysis of the context:
The speaker (Mr. Baldwin) is discussing the difficulty of retaining new bellringers. The statement is: "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10."
This means that keeping even one new ringer out of ten is a very positive, perhaps surprising, outcome given the current poor situation. It implies that the situation is so bad that achieving this small success is highly fortunate or favorable.

Evaluation of senses:
1. **sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:fortunate:00 (occurring by chance):** While the retention might be a chance occurrence, the primary meaning here is that the outcome (keeping one ringer) is highly desirable and represents a good fortune in a difficult situation. This sense focuses too much on randomness.
2. **sense_key=lucky%3:00:00:: (having or bringing good fortune):** This sense fits well. If the situation is dire, achieving a small success means one is "having good fortune" or experiencing a fortunate outcome.
3. **sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:propitious:00 (presaging or likely to bring good luck):** This sense relates more to conditions or times being favorable (e.g., "a favorable time to ask for a raise"). While the situation might be described as unfavorable, the use of "we're lucky if..." refers to the *outcome* being fortunate, not the *condition* being propitious.

Comparing 2 and 3:
Sense 2 ("having or bringing good fortune") captures the idea that the outcome (keeping one ringer) is a stroke of good luck or a fortunate event, which is the most natural interpretation of "we're lucky if..." in this context of scarcity and difficulty.

Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five <t>years</t> we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target surface form: "years" (plural of "year").
    *   Context sentence: "Right now, we're lucky if after five <t>years</t> we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds."
    *   The context discusses the success rate of a program to attract and train bellringers. The phrase "after five years" refers to a duration of time.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1 (year%1:28:01):** "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days." (Synonyms: twelvemonth, yr. Examples: she is 4 years old; in the year 1920). This is the standard definition of a calendar year/duration.
    *   **Sense 2 (year%1:28:02):** "a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity." (Examples: a school year). This is a specific type of duration (e.g., academic year).
    *   **Sense 3 (year%1:28:00):** "the period of time that it takes for a planet... to make a complete revolution around the sun." (Examples: a Martian year). This is astronomical.
    *   **Sense 4 (year%1:14:00):** "a body of students who graduate together." (Synonyms: class. Examples: the class of '97). This refers to a cohort/group.

3.  **Match context to senses:**
    *   The phrase "after five years" clearly refers to a span of time (a duration) over which the success rate is measured.
    *   Sense 3 (astronomical) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 4 (cohort) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (specific activity period, like school year) is too narrow; the context is general time duration.
    *   Sense 1 (standard period of time, 365/366 days) perfectly captures the meaning of a general duration of five years.

4.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the best fit.

5.  **Format the output:** Return the JSON object with the correct sense index.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one <t>new</t> ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "new" in the given context.
The context is: "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one <t>new</t> ringer out of 10, "he adds."
The target word is "new," modifying "ringer."

Let's analyze the meaning of "new ringer" in this context.
The passage discusses the difficulty in attracting and training bellringers. The council's program is trying to attract and train them.
The phrase "keep one new ringer out of 10" implies that out of 10 people who might start, only one successfully becomes a ringer who is still active/trained after five years.
"New ringer" here refers to a ringer who is recently recruited or trained.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
(This fits the idea of recently acquired/trained.)

2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
(Doesn't fit; it's about recency/status, not originality.)

3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
(This is a possibility, as a newly recruited ringer might be inexperienced. However, the context focuses on *keeping* them after five years, suggesting the status of being newly joined/trained is the primary meaning, not necessarily their lack of skill, although that might be implied.)

4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
(Incorrect.)

5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
(Incorrect.)

6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
(Incorrect.)

7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
(Incorrect.)

8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
(Incorrect.)

9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
(Incorrect.)

10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
(Incorrect.)

11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him
(Incorrect.)

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
Sense 1: having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered. (Focus on recency/acquisition)
Sense 3: lacking training or experience. (Focus on skill level)

In the context "keep one new ringer out of 10," the primary meaning of "new" is that they are a recent addition to the group of ringers, someone who has just started or been recruited. While they might be inexperienced (Sense 3), the most direct and encompassing meaning of "new ringer" in a recruitment/retention context is that they are a *new recruit* (Sense 1). Sense 1 covers the idea of being recently acquired or come into being (as a member of the group).

Sense 1 is the best fit for describing a recently recruited or started ringer.

Final check:
Context: "we keep one new ringer out of 10"
Sense 1: "having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered"
This perfectly describes a recently acquired/started ringer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringer
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new <t>ringer</t> out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "ringer" based on the provided context.

Context analysis:
The text discusses "lack of ringers," "trained bellringers in England," "still ring," and "the council's program to attract and train ringers." It also mentions "the ringers today are women."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Matching the context to the senses:
The context explicitly mentions "trained bellringers," "ring," and "churches." This strongly aligns with sense 1.

Sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" - Matches the context perfectly (bellringers, church life, ring).
Sense 2: "a person who is almost identical to another" - Irrelevant.
Sense 3: "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses" - Irrelevant.
Sense 4: "(horseshoes) the successful throw..." - Irrelevant.

The best sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: add
Target surface form: adds
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he <t>adds</t>. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=add%2:30:00:: | definition=make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of | examples=We added two students to that dorm room; She added a personal note to her letter
2. sense_key=add%2:32:01:: | definition=state or say further | synonyms=append, supply | examples=`It doesn't matter,' he supplied
3. sense_key=add%2:40:00:: | definition=bestow a quality on | synonyms=lend, impart, bestow, contribute, bring | examples=Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company; The music added a lot to the play
4. sense_key=add%2:31:00:: | definition=make an addition by combining numbers | synonyms=add together | examples=Add 27 and 49, please!
5. sense_key=add%2:32:00:: | definition=determine the sum of | synonyms=total, tot, tot up, sum, sum up, summate | examples=Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town
6. sense_key=add%2:42:00:: | definition=constitute an addition | examples=This paper will add to her reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "adds" (from the lemma "add") in the given context.

Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he <t>adds</t>."

The word "adds" is used as a reporting verb, indicating that Mr. Baldwin is providing further information or commentary on the previous statement ("we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10").

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=add%2:30:00:: | definition=make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of | (Physical/conceptual addition)
2. sense_key=add%2:32:01:: | definition=state or say further | synonyms=append, supply | (Reporting speech/providing more information)
3. sense_key=add%2:40:00:: | definition=bestow a quality on | synonyms=lend, impart, bestow, contribute, bring | (Imparting quality)
4. sense_key=add%2:31:00:: | definition=make an addition by combining numbers | synonyms=add together | (Arithmetic)
5. sense_key=add%2:32:00:: | definition=determine the sum of | synonyms=total, tot, tot up, sum, sum up, summate | (Arithmetic)
6. sense_key=add%2:42:00:: | definition=constitute an addition | (Being an addition)

Analysis:
The structure is: [Statement], "he adds." This is a classic instance of a verb used to introduce a continuation of speech or thought.
Sense 2: "state or say further" matches this usage perfectly. The synonym "supply" also fits the context of providing additional information.

Conclusion: Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bright
Target surface form: bright
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One <t>bright</t> sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bright%3:00:00:: | definition=emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts | examples=the sun was bright and hot; a bright sunlit room
2. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:colorful:00 | definition=having striking color | synonyms=brilliant, vivid | examples=bright dress; brilliant tapestries
3. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:intelligent:00 | definition=characterized by quickness and ease in learning | synonyms=smart | examples=some children are brighter in one subject than another; smart children talk earlier than the average
4. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:light:06 | definition=having lots of light either natural or artificial | examples=the room was bright and airy; a stage bright with spotlights
5. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:polished:00 | definition=made smooth and bright by or as if by rubbing; reflecting a sheen or glow | synonyms=burnished, lustrous, shining, shiny | examples=bright silver candlesticks; a burnished brass knocker
6. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:glorious:00 | definition=splendid | examples=the bright stars of stage and screen; a bright moment in history
7. sense_key=bright%3:00:02:: | definition=not made dim or less bright | synonyms=undimmed | examples=undimmed headlights; surprisingly the curtain started to rise while the houselights were still undimmed
8. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:reverberant:00 | definition=clear and sharp and ringing | synonyms=brilliant | examples=the bright sound of the trumpet section; the brilliant sound of the trumpets
9. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:happy:00 | definition=characterized by happiness or gladness | examples=bright faces; all the world seems bright and gay
10. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:auspicious:00 | definition=full or promise | synonyms=hopeful, promising | examples=had a bright future in publishing; the scandal threatened an abrupt end to a promising political career

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "One <t>bright</t> sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."
2.  **Determine the meaning of 'bright' in this context:** The phrase "a bright sign" is an idiom. A "sign" here refers to an indicator or piece of evidence. A "bright sign" means a positive, hopeful, or promising indicator.
3.  **Examine the candidate senses for a match:**
    *   1. emitting/reflecting light (Literal light) - No.
    *   2. having striking color - No.
    *   3. intelligent - No.
    *   4. having lots of light (Literal light) - No.
    *   5. polished - No.
    *   6. splendid - Possible, but usually refers to quality/appearance, not necessarily a positive indicator of future success/change.
    *   7. not made dim - No.
    *   8. clear and sharp and ringing - No.
    *   9. characterized by happiness or gladness - Possible, but usually applies to mood/faces.
    *   10. full or promise (hopeful, promising) - This perfectly matches the idiomatic meaning of "a bright sign" (a promising sign).
4.  **Select the best sense:** Sense 10 (auspicious: full or promise) is the best fit.
5.  **Format the output:** Create the required JSON object.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sign
Target surface form: sign
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright <t>sign</t> is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sign%1:10:05:: | definition=a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened) | synonyms=mark | examples=he showed signs of strain; they welcomed the signs of spring
2. sense_key=sign%1:10:00:: | definition=a public display of a message | examples=he posted signs in all the shop windows
3. sense_key=sign%1:10:03:: | definition=any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message | synonyms=signal, signaling | examples=signals from the boat suddenly stopped
4. sense_key=sign%1:06:01:: | definition=structure displaying a board on which advertisements can be posted | synonyms=signboard | examples=the highway was lined with signboards
5. sense_key=sign%1:15:00:: | definition=(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided | synonyms=sign of the zodiac, star sign, mansion, house, planetary house
6. sense_key=sign%1:26:00:: | definition=(medicine) any objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease | examples=there were no signs of asphyxiation
7. sense_key=sign%1:24:00:: | definition=having an indicated pole (as the distinction between positive and negative electric charges) | synonyms=polarity | examples=he got the polarity of the battery reversed; charges of opposite sign
8. sense_key=sign%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come | synonyms=augury, foretoken, preindication | examples=he hoped it was an augury; it was a sign from God
9. sense_key=sign%1:10:01:: | definition=a gesture that is part of a sign language
10. sense_key=sign%1:10:06:: | definition=a fundamental linguistic unit linking a signifier to that which is signified; --de Saussure | examples=The bond between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary
11. sense_key=sign%1:10:04:: | definition=a character indicating a relation between quantities | examples=don't forget the minus sign

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "sign" in the given context.

Context: "One bright <t>sign</t> is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."

The word "sign" here refers to an indication or evidence of a positive trend (the increasing number of women in the field).

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=sign%1:10:05:** definition=a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened) | synonyms=mark | examples=he showed signs of strain; they welcomed the signs of spring.
    * This fits well. The growing number of women is an indication/clue of a change in the field.

2. **sense_key=sign%1:10:00:** definition=a public display of a message | examples=he posted signs in all the shop windows.
    * Incorrect. It's not a physical display.

3. **sense_key=sign%1:10:03:** definition=any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message | synonyms=signal, signaling | examples=signals from the boat suddenly stopped.
    * Incorrect. It's not a gesture.

4. **sense_key=sign%1:06:01:** definition=structure displaying a board on which advertisements can be posted | synonyms=signboard | examples=the highway was lined with signboards.
    * Incorrect.

5. **sense_key=sign%1:15:00:** definition=(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided | synonyms=sign of the zodiac, star sign, mansion, house, planetary house.
    * Incorrect.

6. **sense_key=sign%1:26:00:** definition=(medicine) any objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease | examples=there were no signs of asphyxiation.
    * Plausible, as it means evidence, but the context is social/demographic, not medical.

7. **sense_key=sign%1:24:00:** definition=having an indicated pole (as the distinction between positive and negative electric charges) | synonyms=polarity.
    * Incorrect.

8. **sense_key=sign%1:11:00:** definition=an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come | synonyms=augury, foretoken, preindication | examples=he hoped it was an augury; it was a sign from God.
    * This also fits very well. The increasing number of women is seen as a positive indication of future change/progress.

9. **sense_key=sign%1:10:01:** definition=a gesture that is part of a sign language.
    * Incorrect.

10. **sense_key=sign%1:10:06:** definition=a fundamental linguistic unit linking a signifier to that which is signified; --de Saussure.
    * Incorrect (highly technical linguistic definition).

11. **sense_key=sign%1:10:04:** definition=a character indicating a relation between quantities.
    * Incorrect (mathematical/typographical).

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 8:
Sense 1: "a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)"
Sense 8: "an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come (synonyms=augury, foretoken, preindication)"

The context says: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered..."
This growing number is presented as a positive development or indicator of a positive trend. Both senses capture this idea of indication.

Sense 1 is broader ("clue that something has happened").
Sense 8 emphasizes the predictive or momentous nature ("indicating important things to come," "augury").

Given the phrase "One bright sign," it suggests a notable, positive development that points toward a better future or a significant shift. Sense 8, with its connection to augury and foretoken, captures this sense of positive, noteworthy indication more strongly than the general "clue" in Sense 1.

However, Sense 1 is the most general and robust definition for "indication" or "clue," which is what the context primarily uses. Let's re-examine the examples for Sense 1: "they welcomed the signs of spring." This is a natural, observable indication of a change. The context is similar: the increasing number of women is an observable indication of a change in the field.

Let's check if Sense 8 is strictly better. While the trend *is* positive, the text doesn't necessarily frame it as a prophecy ("augury"). It frames it as a current, observable fact ("a growing number..."). Therefore, Sense 1, focusing on the observable indication/clue, is the most accurate fit for the semantic role played by "sign" here.

I will choose Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: number
Target surface form: number
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing <t>number</t> of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=number%1:07:00:: | definition=the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals | synonyms=figure | examples=he had a number of chores to do; the number of parameters is small
2. sense_key=number%1:23:00:: | definition=a concept of quantity involving zero and units | examples=every number has a unique position in the sequence
3. sense_key=number%1:10:04:: | definition=a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program | synonyms=act, routine, turn, bit | examples=he did his act three times every evening; she had a catchy little routine
4. sense_key=number%1:10:03:: | definition=the number is used in calling a particular telephone | synonyms=phone number, telephone number | examples=he has an unlisted number
5. sense_key=number%1:10:01:: | definition=a symbol used to represent a number | synonyms=numeral | examples=he learned to write the numerals before he went to school
6. sense_key=number%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=issue | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
7. sense_key=number%1:14:00:: | definition=a select company of people | examples=I hope to become one of their number before I die
8. sense_key=number%1:10:02:: | definition=a numeral or string of numerals that is used for identification | synonyms=identification number | examples=she refused to give them her Social Security number
9. sense_key=number%1:07:01:: | definition=a clothing measurement | examples=a number 13 shoe
10. sense_key=number%1:10:05:: | definition=the grammatical category for the forms of nouns and pronouns and verbs that are used depending on the number of entities involved (singular or dual or plural) | examples=in English the subject and the verb must agree in number
11. sense_key=number%1:06:00:: | definition=an item of merchandise offered for sale | examples=she preferred the black nylon number; this sweater is an all-wool number

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "number" in the given context.

Context: "One bright sign is that a growing <t>number</t> of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."

Target word: number

Analysis of the context:
The phrase is "a growing number of women". This structure ("a number of X") typically refers to a quantity or count of people (women).

Analysis of candidate senses:
1. sense_key=number%1:07:00:: | definition=the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals | synonyms=figure | examples=he had a number of chores to do; the number of parameters is small
    * This sense relates directly to quantity or indefinite quantity of individuals. This fits "a growing number of women".

2. sense_key=number%1:23:00:: | definition=a concept of quantity involving zero and units | examples=every number has a unique position in the sequence
    * Too abstract/mathematical. Does not fit the context.

3. sense_key=number%1:10:04:: | definition=a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program | synonyms=act, routine, turn, bit | examples=he did his act three times every evening; she had a catchy little routine
    * Incorrect.

4. sense_key=number%1:10:03:: | definition=the number is used in calling a particular telephone | synonyms=phone number, telephone number | examples=he has an unlisted number
    * Incorrect.

5. sense_key=number%1:10:01:: | definition=a symbol used to represent a number | synonyms=numeral | examples=he learned to write the numerals before he went to school
    * Incorrect.

6. sense_key=number%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=issue | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
    * Incorrect.

7. sense_key=number%1:14:00:: | definition=a select company of people | examples=I hope to become one of their number before I die
    * This is related to a group of people, but sense 1 (quantity/total) is a better fit for "a growing number of women" which emphasizes the increasing count.

8. sense_key=number%1:10:02:: | definition=a numeral or string of numerals that is used for identification | synonyms=identification number | examples=she refused to give them her Social Security number
    * Incorrect.

9. sense_key=number%1:07:01:: | definition=a clothing measurement | examples=a number 13 shoe
    * Incorrect.

10. sense_key=number%1:10:05:: | definition=the grammatical category for the forms of nouns and pronouns and verbs that are used depending on the number of entities involved (singular or dual or plural) | examples=in English the subject and the verb must agree in number
    * Incorrect (grammatical concept).

11. sense_key=number%1:06:00:: | definition=an item of merchandise offered for sale | examples=she preferred the black nylon number; this sweater is an all-wool number
    * Incorrect.

Conclusion: Sense 1, which refers to "the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals," is the best fit for "a growing number of women."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of <t>women</t> have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "women" (plural of "woman") based on the provided context.

Context:
"Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of <t>women</t> have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however."

Target word: women (plural of woman)

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Analysis:
The context discusses "ringers" (bell ringers) and how "a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field." It then states, "more than a third of the ringers today are women."

The women mentioned are individuals who are bellringers.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **an adult female person (as opposed to a man)**: This is a general definition of an adult female individual. Since the women are individuals (ringers), this sense fits well.
2. **a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man**: This is a relational/social role definition, which does not match the context of bellringers.
3. **a human female employed to do housework**: This is a specific occupational role (domestic worker), which does not match the context of bellringers.
4. **women as a class**: This refers to women generally (e.g., "American womanhood"). While the context discusses women in a group (ringers), the focus is on the individuals who are participating in the activity, not the abstract concept of "women as a class."

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 4:
Sense 1 defines the individual adult female person. The context is about specific individuals (ringers) who are women.
Sense 4 defines the abstract group/concept.

Since the text is counting individuals ("a growing number of women," "more than a third of the ringers today are women"), Sense 1, the definition of an adult female person, is the most accurate and specific fit for the usage here, even though Sense 4 is related to group membership. The individuals are being identified by their gender and status (ringers).

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

Wait, the instructions require me to return the JSON structure using the index number.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: enter
Target surface form: entered
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have <t>entered</t> the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=enter%2:38:00:: | definition=to come or go into | synonyms=come in, get into, get in, go into, go in, move into | examples=the boat entered an area of shallow marshes
2. sense_key=enter%2:33:00:: | definition=become a participant; be involved in | synonyms=participate | examples=enter a race; enter an agreement
3. sense_key=enter%2:41:06:: | definition=register formally as a participant or member | synonyms=enroll, inscribe, enrol, recruit | examples=The party recruited many new members
4. sense_key=enter%2:42:00:: | definition=be or play a part of or in | synonyms=figure | examples=Elections figure prominently in every government program; How do the elections figure in the current pattern of internal politics?
5. sense_key=enter%2:32:04:: | definition=make a record of; set down in permanent form | synonyms=record, put down
6. sense_key=enter%2:36:00:: | definition=come on stage
7. sense_key=enter%2:41:00:: | definition=take on duties or office | synonyms=accede | examples=accede to the throne
8. sense_key=enter%2:35:03:: | definition=put or introduce into something | synonyms=insert, infix, introduce | examples=insert a picture into the text
9. sense_key=enter%2:30:10:: | definition=set out on (an enterprise or subject of study) | synonyms=embark | examples=she embarked upon a new career

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "entered" (past tense of "enter") based on the provided context.

Context: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."

Target word: entered
Target lemma: enter

Analysis of the context:
The sentence discusses women joining a "once male-dominated field" (the field of bellringing/ringers). "Entered" here means becoming part of this field or group.

Analysis of candidate senses:
1. sense_key=enter%2:38:00:: | definition=to come or go into | synonyms=come in, get into, get in, go into, go in, move into | (Physical movement. Unlikely here.)
2. sense_key=enter%2:33:00:: | definition=become a participant; be involved in | synonyms=participate | examples=enter a race; enter an agreement | (Becoming involved in an activity or group. This fits the context of joining a field.)
3. sense_key=enter%2:41:06:: | definition=register formally as a participant or member | synonyms=enroll, inscribe, enrol, recruit | examples=The party recruited many new members | (Formal registration. While joining a field might involve registration, the broader meaning of becoming a participant is more accurate for "entering a field.")
4. sense_key=enter%2:42:00:: | definition=be or play a part of or in | synonyms=figure | (This is usually used in the present tense or as a state, not the action of joining.)
5. sense_key=enter%2:32:04:: | definition=make a record of; set down in permanent form | synonyms=record, put down | (Recording data. Irrelevant.)
6. sense_key=enter%2:36:00:: | definition=come on stage | (Specific physical action. Too narrow.)
7. sense_key=enter%2:41:00:: | definition=take on duties or office | synonyms=accede | (Taking a specific role/office. Possible, but sense 2 is broader and fits "field" better.)
8. sense_key=enter%2:35:03:: | definition=put or introduce into something | synonyms=insert, infix, introduce | (Physical insertion. Irrelevant.)
9. sense_key=enter%2:30:10:: | definition=set out on (an enterprise or subject of study) | synonyms=embark | (Starting a journey or endeavor. While related to starting, sense 2 focuses on the state of participation in a group/field, which is the core meaning here.)

Comparison:
The context is "women have entered the once male-dominated field."
Sense 2: "become a participant; be involved in." This perfectly captures the idea of women becoming participants in the field of bellringing.
Sense 3: "register formally." This is too specific; "entering a field" is usually about participation, not just paperwork.

Sense 2 is the best fit.