[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: describe
Target surface form: described
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers <t>described</t> ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=describe%2:32:00:: | definition=give a description of | synonyms=depict, draw | examples=He drew an elaborate plan of attack
2. sense_key=describe%2:32:01:: | definition=to give an account or representation of in words | synonyms=report, account | examples=Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental
3. sense_key=describe%2:35:00:: | definition=make a mark or lines on a surface | synonyms=trace, draw, line, delineate | examples=draw a line; trace the outline of a figure in the sand
4. sense_key=describe%2:31:00:: | definition=identify as in botany or biology, for example | synonyms=identify, discover, key, key out, distinguish, name

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "described" (past tense of "describe") based on the provided context.

Context: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers <t>described</t> ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. 'Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. '"

Target word: described

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=describe%2:32:00:: | definition=give a description of | synonyms=depict, draw | examples=He drew an elaborate plan of attack
2. sense_key=describe%2:32:01:: | definition=to give an account or representation of in words | synonyms=report, account | examples=Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental
3. sense_key=describe%2:35:00:: | definition=make a mark or lines on a surface | synonyms=trace, draw, line, delineate | examples=draw a line; trace the outline of a figure in the sand
4. sense_key=describe%2:31:00:: | definition=identify as in botany or biology, for example | synonyms=identify, discover, key, key out, distinguish, name

Analysis:
The sentence structure is: "Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction...'"
Here, "described" means she provided a verbal account or representation of what ringing is like.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. sense_key=describe%2:32:00 (give a description of / depict, draw): This is plausible, as describing something involves depicting it.
2. sense_key=describe%2:32:01 (to give an account or representation of in words / report, account): This perfectly matches the usage. Sayers is giving an account of the experience of ringing.
3. sense_key=describe%2:35:00 (make a mark or lines on a surface / trace, draw, line, delineate): This is physical drawing/marking, which is incorrect here.
4. sense_key=describe%2:31:00 (identify as in botany or biology / identify, discover, name): This is classification, which is incorrect here.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 1 focuses on "depict" and "draw" (in the sense of creating an image/plan).
Sense 2 focuses on "give an account or representation of in words" and "report, account."

Since the object being described ("ringing") is an abstract experience ("a passion that finds its satisfaction..."), the act of describing it is providing a verbal account or representation, which aligns best with Sense 2.

Therefore, sense_key=describe%2:32:01 is the best fit.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: passion
Target surface form: passion
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "<t>passion</t> that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=passion%1:12:00:: | definition=a strong feeling or emotion | synonyms=passionateness
2. sense_key=passion%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being intensely emotional | synonyms=heat, warmth
3. sense_key=passion%1:26:01:: | definition=something that is desired intensely | synonyms=rage | examples=his rage for fame destroyed him
4. sense_key=passion%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action | synonyms=mania, cacoethes
5. sense_key=passion%1:12:02:: | definition=a feeling of strong sexual desire
6. sense_key=passion%1:09:00:: | definition=any object of warm affection or devotion | synonyms=love | examples=the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting
7. sense_key=passion%1:26:02:: | definition=the suffering of Jesus at the Crucifixion | synonyms=Passion of Christ

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Context:** The sentence containing the target word is: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "<t>passion</t> that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."
2.  **Analyze the surrounding text/clues:** The context is about "ringing" (of church bells). The description of this ringing is that it is a "passion" that finds satisfaction in "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection." The subsequent sentence reinforces this: "Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"
3.  **Determine the meaning of 'passion' in this context:** Here, 'passion' does not refer to sexual desire, suffering, or an object of affection (like a hobby, though that's close). It refers to a deep, intense emotional commitment or drive related to the activity (ringing) itself, characterized by dedication, focus, and finding satisfaction in the perfection of the task.
4.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   1. `sense_key=passion%1:12:00:: | definition=a strong feeling or emotion | synonyms=passionateness`: This fits well. The activity (ringing) evokes a strong feeling/emotion (dedication, absorption, satisfaction).
    *   2. `sense_key=passion%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being intensely emotional | synonyms=heat, warmth`: This is also plausible, focusing on the *trait* of the ringers, but the sentence describes the *activity* (ringing) as the passion.
    *   3. `sense_key=passion%1:26:01:: | definition=something that is desired intensely | synonyms=rage`: This usually refers to an object of desire (e.g., "his passion for art"). While ringing is desired, the definition focuses on the *object*, not the *feeling/drive* associated with the activity.
    *   4. `sense_key=passion%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action | synonyms=mania, cacoethes`: This implies a potentially unhealthy or obsessive drive. While dedication is involved, the context emphasizes "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection," suggesting a highly skilled, controlled, and satisfying pursuit, rather than an irrational mania.
    *   5. `sense_key=passion%1:12:02:: | definition=a feeling of strong sexual desire`: Incorrect.
    *   6. `sense_key=passion%1:09:00:: | definition=any object of warm affection or devotion | synonyms=love`: This is the "hobby/interest" sense (e.g., "a passion for gardening"). While the activity is an object of devotion, Sense 1 captures the *internal emotional state* or *drive* better, which is what the definition "finds its satisfaction" implies.
    *   7. `sense_key=passion%1:26:02:: | definition=the suffering of Jesus at the Crucifixion | synonyms=Passion of Christ`: Incorrect.

5.  **Refine Selection (1 vs 2 vs 6):**
    *   Sense 6 (Object of devotion/hobby): "Ringing is a passion (hobby) that finds its satisfaction..." (Plausible, but slightly weak).
    *   Sense 2 (Trait of being intensely emotional): "Ringing is a trait of being intensely emotional..." (Grammatically awkward; the activity isn't a trait).
    *   Sense 1 (A strong feeling or emotion): "Ringing is a strong feeling or emotion that finds its satisfaction..." (This captures the internal, driving emotional state or intense engagement that characterizes the activity, aligning perfectly with the idea of "solemn intoxication" and finding satisfaction in perfection).

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1, defining passion as a strong feeling or emotion, best captures the meaning of intense, dedicated engagement described in the context.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: finds
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that <t>finds</t> its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "finds" (lemma: find) based on the provided context.

Context: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that <t>finds</t> its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."

The phrase is: "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."

Here, "finds its satisfaction" means that the passion achieves or reaches a state of satisfaction. It is not about physically locating something, discovering a fact, or obtaining an object. It is about achieving a state or outcome.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. `find%2:40:02`: come upon, as if by accident; meet with. (Too accidental/physical)
2. `find%2:39:02`: discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of. (Too focused on existence/facts)
3. `find%2:40:00`: come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost. (Too focused on location/searching)
4. `find%2:32:00`: establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study. (Too formal/scientific)
5. `find%2:31:10`: come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds. (Relates to belief, not satisfaction)
6. `find%2:39:01`: perceive or be contemporaneous with. (Relates to seeing/witnessing)
7. `find%2:40:01`: get something or somebody for a specific purpose. (Relates to acquisition/purpose)
8. `find%2:36:00`: make a discovery, make a new finding. (Relates to discovery)
9. `find%2:31:09`: make a discovery. (Relates to discovery)
10. `find%2:40:03`: obtain through effort or management. (Relates to effort/acquisition)
11. `find%2:32:01`: decide on and make a declaration about. (Relates to judgment/declaration)
12. `find%2:30:00`: receive a specified treatment (abstract). (This sense relates to abstract reception or expression. "Finds its satisfaction" is similar to "receives its satisfaction.")
13. `find%2:39:05`: perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place. (Relates to self-perception/state)
14. `find%2:40:15`: get or find back; recover the use of. (Relates to recovery/regaining)
15. `find%2:38:10`: succeed in reaching; arrive at. (This is close. "Arrive at satisfaction.")
16. `find%2:30:13`: accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation. (Relates to self-acceptance)

The phrase "finds its satisfaction" implies that the passion reaches or achieves satisfaction.

Sense 15: "succeed in reaching; arrive at". This fits well with "arrive at satisfaction."
Sense 12: "receive a specified treatment (abstract)". This also fits, as satisfaction is an abstract state that is "received" or "found."

Let's compare 15 and 12.
15: "The arrow found its mark." (Arriving at a target/goal).
Context: "a passion that finds its satisfaction..." (Arriving at a state of satisfaction). This is a very strong match.

12: "These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation." (Abstract reception).
Context: "a passion that finds its satisfaction..." (The passion achieves/receives satisfaction). This is also plausible, but 15 captures the sense of *reaching* the goal (satisfaction) more directly than 12 captures the sense of *receiving* an abstract treatment.

Given the phrasing "finds its satisfaction," the sense of successfully reaching or achieving that state (Sense 15: succeed in reaching; arrive at) is the most precise fit.

I will choose sense 15.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: satisfaction
Target surface form: satisfaction
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its <t>satisfaction</t> in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=satisfaction%1:12:00:: | definition=the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation | examples=the chef tasted the sauce with great satisfaction
2. sense_key=satisfaction%1:26:00:: | definition=state of being gratified or satisfied | synonyms=gratification | examples=dull repetitious work gives no gratification; to my immense gratification he arrived on time
3. sense_key=satisfaction%1:21:00:: | definition=compensation for a wrong | synonyms=atonement, expiation | examples=we were unable to get satisfaction from the local store
4. sense_key=satisfaction%1:21:01:: | definition=(law) the payment of a debt or fulfillment of an obligation | examples=the full and final satisfaction of the claim
5. sense_key=satisfaction%1:04:00:: | definition=act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite | examples=the satisfaction of their demand for better services

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "satisfaction" in the given context.

Context: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its <t>satisfaction</t> in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. 'Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"

The word "satisfaction" here refers to the fulfillment or completion derived from the activity of ringing bells, specifically linked to "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=satisfaction%1:12:00::** | definition=the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation | examples=the chef tasted the sauce with great satisfaction
    * This relates to feeling content after fulfilling a desire. The context suggests a deep, fulfilling state derived from perfection/completeness, which aligns well with contentment/gratification.

2. **sense_key=satisfaction%1:26:00::** | definition=state of being gratified or satisfied | synonyms=gratification | examples=dull repetitious work gives no gratification; to my immense gratification he arrived on time
    * This is a general state of being gratified. It is very close to sense 1 and captures the emotional/psychological reward of the activity.

3. **sense_key=satisfaction%1:21:00::** | definition=compensation for a wrong | synonyms=atonement, expiation | examples=we were unable to get satisfaction from the local store
    * This relates to redress or revenge. This is clearly incorrect in the context of artistic/mechanical perfection.

4. **sense_key=satisfaction%1:21:01::** | definition=(law) the payment of a debt or fulfillment of an obligation | examples=the full and final satisfaction of the claim
    * This relates to legal or financial fulfillment. This is incorrect.

5. **sense_key=satisfaction%1:04:00::** | definition=act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite | examples=the satisfaction of their demand for better services
    * This focuses on the *act* of fulfilling. The context uses "finds its satisfaction," suggesting the *state* or *result* of the fulfillment, rather than the action itself.

Comparing 1 and 2:
Sense 1: "the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation."
Sense 2: "state of being gratified or satisfied."

The context describes the ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection." This perfection *is* the fulfillment of the passion/desire. The resulting state is one of deep contentment or gratification. Both 1 and 2 fit well. Sense 2, being a broader definition of the *state* of being gratified, seems slightly more encompassing of the abstract concept of finding fulfillment in perfection, which is the core idea here. However, Sense 1 explicitly links the satisfaction to having "fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation," which perfectly maps onto the idea that the perfection fulfills the passion.

Let's re-examine the phrasing: "finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection." The perfection *is* the fulfillment.

Sense 1: Contentment felt *when* a desire is fulfilled. (The state of contentment resulting from the perfection).
Sense 2: The *state* of being gratified. (The general state).

Since the context emphasizes the *result* of achieving perfection (the reward for the passion), Sense 1, which defines satisfaction as the *contentment* derived from fulfillment, is the most precise fit for the abstract, emotional reward described by Sayers.

I will choose Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mathematical
Target surface form: mathematical
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in <t>mathematical</t> completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mathematical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics | examples=a mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments
2. sense_key=mathematical%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers | synonyms=numerical | examples=tests for rating numerical aptitude; a mathematical whiz
3. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:unquestionable:00 | definition=beyond question | examples=a mathematical certainty
4. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:possible:00 | definition=statistically possible though highly improbable | examples=have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs
5. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00 | definition=characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics | examples=mathematical precision

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "mathematical" in the provided context.

Context: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in <t>mathematical</t> completeness and mechanical perfection. 'Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Target word: mathematical

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mathematical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics | examples=a mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments
2. sense_key=mathematical%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers | synonyms=numerical | examples=tests for rating numerical aptitude; a mathematical whiz
3. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:unquestionable:00 | definition=beyond question | examples=a mathematical certainty
4. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:possible:00 | definition=statistically possible though highly improbable | examples=have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs
5. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00 | definition=characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics | examples=mathematical precision

Analysis:
The context links "mathematical" to "completeness and mechanical perfection" in the context of bell ringing (a complex, structured, and precise activity).

1. Sense 1: "of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics." This fits well with the idea of structure and precision inherent in mathematical concepts.
2. Sense 2: "relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers." This focuses on aptitude or calculation ability, which is less relevant to describing the *quality* of the ringing itself ("completeness and mechanical perfection").
3. Sense 3: "beyond question." This is a sense of certainty, which might be related to precision, but it's too narrow and abstract compared to the connection with "perfection."
4. Sense 4: "statistically possible though highly improbable." This is about probability, which is not the primary meaning here.
5. Sense 5: "characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics." This strongly aligns with "mechanical perfection" and the structured nature of the ringing process.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 5:
Sense 1 (pertaining to mathematics) is broad.
Sense 5 (characterized by exactness/precision) is specific and directly relates to the idea of "mechanical perfection" and "completeness" in a highly structured activity like bell ringing.

The phrase "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" suggests that the structure and execution are flawless and precise, mirroring mathematical ideals. Sense 5 captures this idea of precision and exactness better than the general concept of "pertaining to mathematics" (Sense 1).

Therefore, Sense 5 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: completeness
Target surface form: completeness
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical <t>completeness</t> and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=completeness%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed
2. sense_key=completeness%1:07:00:: | definition=(logic) an attribute of a logical system that is so constituted that a contradiction arises if any proposition is introduced that cannot be derived from the axioms of the system

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "completeness" based on the provided context.

Context: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical <t>completeness</t> and mechanical perfection.' 'Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed." "

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=completeness%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed
2. sense_key=completeness%1:07:00:: | definition=(logic) an attribute of a logical system that is so constituted that a contradiction arises if any proposition is introduced that cannot be derived from the axioms of the system

Analysis:
The word "completeness" appears in the phrase: "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."
The context relates to the intricate, faultless performance of ringing bells, which is described as a "passion that finds its satisfaction" in this quality.

Sense 1: "the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed." This is a general sense of wholeness or thoroughness.
Sense 2: "(logic) an attribute of a logical system that is so constituted that a contradiction arises if any proposition is introduced that cannot be derived from the axioms of the system." This is a highly technical, formal definition specific to mathematical logic.

While the context mentions "mathematical completeness," the surrounding discussion is about the *perfection* and *faultless* execution of a physical, intricate ritual (ringing bells). In this context, "completeness" likely refers to the thoroughness, precision, or perfect execution of the pattern or system, rather than the formal logical property (like a complete set of axioms).

If it were referring to the logical sense (Sense 2), the context would likely be discussing formal systems, proofs, or axioms, not the physical act of ringing bells achieving "mechanical perfection."

Sense 1, interpreted broadly as "the state of being complete and entire" or "thoroughness/perfection," fits better with the idea of a complex, intricate ritual being performed faultlessly and achieving mechanical perfection.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mechanical
Target surface form: mechanical
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and <t>mechanical</t> perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mechanical%3:00:00:: | definition=using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices | examples=a mechanical process; his smile was very mechanical
2. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or concerned with machinery or tools | synonyms=mechanically skillful | examples=mechanical arts; mechanical design
3. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics | examples=a belief that the universe is a mechanical contrivance; the mechanical pressure of a strong wind

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "mechanical" in the given context.

Context: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and <t>mechanical</t> perfection. 'Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"

Target word: mechanical

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mechanical%3:00:00:: | definition=using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices | examples=a mechanical process; his smile was very mechanical
2. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or concerned with machinery or tools | synonyms=mechanically skillful | examples=mechanical arts; mechanical design
3. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics | examples=a belief that the universe is a mechanical contrivance; the mechanical pressure of a strong wind

Analysis:
The context discusses the perfection of "ringing" (church bells). The description links this perfection to "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."
Ringing bells is a highly structured, intricate, and precise activity involving timing and coordination (as described earlier in the passage: "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.").

Let's evaluate the senses:

Sense 1: "using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices." This focuses on the *action* of using mechanisms. While ringing involves tools (the bells, the ropes), the phrase "mechanical perfection" here seems to refer to the *nature* of the perfection, not just the act of using a tool.

Sense 2: "relating to or concerned with machinery or tools." This is broad, covering the physical aspects of the bells/machinery.

Sense 3: "relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics." This sense relates to the principles of mechanics (the science of motion, forces, and structure). When applied to a process or perfection, it suggests adherence to precise, systematic, and often mathematical laws of motion or structure.

Comparison:
The context pairs "mechanical perfection" with "mathematical completeness." This strongly suggests a focus on systematic, precise, and ordered operation, which aligns best with the principles of mechanics (Sense 3). The ringing process itself is a complex mechanical system governed by precise timing and physics.

Sense 3 ("relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics") captures the idea of systematic, ordered, and precise operation inherent in the complex, mathematical nature of bell ringing, which is what "perfection" refers to here.

Therefore, Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: perfection
Target surface form: perfection
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical <t>perfection</t>. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=perfection%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being without a flaw or defect | synonyms=flawlessness, ne plus ultra
2. sense_key=perfection%1:09:00:: | definition=an ideal instance; a perfect embodiment of a concept | synonyms=paragon, idol, beau ideal
3. sense_key=perfection%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making something perfect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "perfection" in the given context.

Context: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical <t>perfection</t>. 'Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."'"

Target word: perfection

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=perfection%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being without a flaw or defect | synonyms=flawlessness, ne plus ultra
2. sense_key=perfection%1:09:00:: | definition=an ideal instance; a perfect embodiment of a concept | synonyms=paragon, idol, beau ideal
3. sense_key=perfection%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making something perfect

Analysis:
The context describes the satisfaction derived from "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" in the act of ringing bells. The subsequent sentence reinforces this by mentioning that ringers are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."

*   **Sense 1 (the state of being without a flaw or defect / flawlessness):** This aligns perfectly with the idea of "mathematical completeness" and "faultlessly performed." Mechanical perfection here means the mechanism (the ringing) is executed without error or defect.
*   **Sense 2 (an ideal instance / perfect embodiment):** This refers to a perfect example of something (e.g., "a perfection of art"). While the ringing might achieve an ideal state, the phrase "mechanical perfection" usually refers to the quality of the execution or the state of being flawless, not necessarily a single ideal instance.
*   **Sense 3 (the act of making something perfect):** This is the process (verbialized noun). The context refers to the *state* or *quality* achieved ("satisfaction in... perfection"), not the action of achieving it.

Conclusion: Sense 1, meaning flawlessness or the state of being without defect, is the best fit for "mechanical perfection" in this context of intricate, faultless performance.

Mapping to the required output format:
Sense 1 corresponds to the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: Ringers
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "<t>Ringers</t>, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "Ringers" in the provided context.
The target lemma is "ringer".
The context describes a process involving "huge bronze bells" in a "belfry," where people "stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision... to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls." It mentions "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing." The context explicitly discusses the art and ritual of "ringing" church bells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Analysis:
The context is entirely about the activity of ringing church bells.
The phrase "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing" directly links "ringers" to the action of controlling the bells.
The final sentence mentions "one of England's best female ringers," referring to a master of the band at St. Mary Abbot.

Comparing with candidates:
1. Definition: a person who rings church bells. Synonyms: toller, bell ringer. This perfectly matches the context.
2. Definition: a person who is almost identical to another. (Irrelevant).
3. Definition: a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses. (Irrelevant).
4. Definition: the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit. (Irrelevant).

The best sense is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: add
Target surface form: added
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she <t>added</t>, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=add%2:30:00:: | definition=make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of | examples=We added two students to that dorm room; She added a personal note to her letter
2. sense_key=add%2:32:01:: | definition=state or say further | synonyms=append, supply | examples=`It doesn't matter,' he supplied
3. sense_key=add%2:40:00:: | definition=bestow a quality on | synonyms=lend, impart, bestow, contribute, bring | examples=Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company; The music added a lot to the play
4. sense_key=add%2:31:00:: | definition=make an addition by combining numbers | synonyms=add together | examples=Add 27 and 49, please!
5. sense_key=add%2:32:00:: | definition=determine the sum of | synonyms=total, tot, tot up, sum, sum up, summate | examples=Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town
6. sense_key=add%2:42:00:: | definition=constitute an addition | examples=This paper will add to her reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "Ringers, she <t>added</t>, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"
2.  **Identify the target word's function:** The word 'added' is used as a reporting verb, indicating that the preceding statement ("Ringing does become a bit of an obsession...") was followed by a further comment or elaboration from the source (Dorothy L. Sayers).
3.  **Examine the candidates:**
    *   1. make an addition (to); join or combine... (Physical/mathematical combination) -> Incorrect.
    *   2. state or say further (synonyms: append, supply) -> Highly relevant. This matches the function of reporting speech.
    *   3. bestow a quality on (synonyms: lend, impart, bestow...) -> Incorrect.
    *   4. make an addition by combining numbers (Mathematical addition) -> Incorrect.
    *   5. determine the sum of (Mathematical addition) -> Incorrect.
    *   6. constitute an addition (To contribute to) -> Incorrect.
4.  **Select the best fit:** Sense 2, "state or say further," perfectly captures the meaning of 'added' in the context of quoting or elaborating on a previous statement.
5.  **Format the output:** Return the index of Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: filled
Target surface form: filled
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "<t>filled</t> with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=filled%5:00:01:full:00 | definition=(usually followed by `with' or used as a combining form) generously supplied with | examples=theirs was a house filled with laughter; a large hall filled with rows of desks
2. sense_key=filled%3:44:00:: | definition=of purchase orders that have been filled
3. sense_key=filled%5:00:00:occupied:00 | definition=(of time) taken up | examples=well-filled hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "filled" in the given context.

Context: "Ringers, she added, are "<t>filled</t> with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."

Target word: filled

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=filled%5:00:01:full:00 | definition=(usually followed by `with' or used as a combining form) generously supplied with | examples=theirs was a house filled with laughter; a large hall filled with rows of desks
2. sense_key=filled%3:44:00:: | definition=of purchase orders that have been filled
3. sense_key=filled%5:00:00:occupied:00 | definition=(of time) taken up | examples=well-filled hours

Analysis:
The phrase is "filled with the solemn intoxication".
This structure ("filled with X") strongly suggests a state of being supplied or saturated by X.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **sense_key=filled%5:00:01:full:00**: definition=(usually followed by `with' or used as a combining form) generously supplied with. This matches the structure "filled with the solemn intoxication" perfectly. The examples (house filled with laughter) also support this meaning of being full of something.
2. **sense_key=filled%3:44:00::**: definition=of purchase orders that have been filled. This is a transactional/administrative meaning and is irrelevant to the context of intoxication and ritual.
3. **sense_key=filled%5:00:00:occupied:00**: definition=(of time) taken up. This relates to time or space being occupied (e.g., "filled hours"). This does not fit "filled with the solemn intoxication."

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: solemn
Target surface form: solemn
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the <t>solemn</t> intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=solemn%5:00:00:serious:00 | definition=dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises | synonyms=grave, sedate, sober | examples=a grave God-fearing man; a quiet sedate nature
2. sense_key=solemn%5:00:01:serious:00 | definition=characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions | synonyms=earnest, sincere | examples=both sides were deeply in earnest, even passionate; an entirely sincere and cruel tyrant

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "solemn" based on the provided context.

Context:
"Ringers, she added, are "filled with the <t>solemn</t> intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=solemn%5:00:00:serious:00 | definition=dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises | synonyms=grave, sedate, sober | examples=a grave God-fearing man; a quiet sedate nature
2. sense_key=solemn%5:00:01:serious:00 | definition=characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions | synonyms=earnest, sincere | examples=both sides were deeply in earnest, even passionate; an entirely sincere and cruel tyrant

Analysis:
The word "solemn" is used to describe the "intoxication" felt by ringers when performing "intricate ritual faultlessly."

Let's evaluate the senses:

Sense 1: "dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises."
This sense relates to seriousness, gravity, and formality. The context involves a "ritual" and the feeling derived from performing it "faultlessly." This aligns well with a dignified, serious, and perhaps reverent state of mind associated with ritualistic performance.

Sense 2: "characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions."
This sense relates to sincerity or earnestness in belief. While the performance might require earnestness, the phrase "solemn intoxication" suggests a state of deep, perhaps almost spiritual or highly focused absorption, which aligns more closely with the gravity and dignity of the ritual (Sense 1) rather than just the firmness of an opinion (Sense 2).

Comparison:
The context emphasizes the nature of the *ritual* and the *feeling* derived from its perfect execution.
Sense 1 (dignified, somber, grave) fits the atmosphere of a formal, intricate ritual better.
Sense 2 (earnest, sincere belief) is too focused on internal conviction about opinions, which is less relevant to the description of the *intoxication* of the performance itself.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: come
Target surface form: comes
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that <t>comes</t> of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=come%2:38:00:: | definition=move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody | synonyms=come up | examples=He came singing down the road; Come with me to the Casbah
2. sense_key=come%2:38:04:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, get | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
3. sense_key=come%2:30:01:: | definition=come to pass; arrive, as in due course | examples=The first success came three days later; It came as a shock
4. sense_key=come%2:30:03:: | definition=reach or enter a state, relation, condition, use, or position | examples=The water came to a boil; We came to understand the true meaning of life
5. sense_key=come%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
6. sense_key=come%2:30:02:: | definition=be found or available | examples=These shoes come in three colors; The furniture comes unassembled
7. sense_key=come%2:42:13:: | definition=come forth | synonyms=issue forth | examples=A scream came from the woman's mouth; His breath came hard
8. sense_key=come%2:42:09:: | definition=be a native of | synonyms=hail | examples=She hails from Kalamazoo
9. sense_key=come%2:42:03:: | definition=extend or reach | examples=The water came up to my waist; The sleeves come to your knuckles
10. sense_key=come%2:42:05:: | definition=exist or occur in a certain point in a series | examples=Next came the student from France
11. sense_key=come%2:38:03:: | definition=cover a certain distance | examples=She came a long way
12. sense_key=come%2:42:00:: | definition=come under, be classified or included | synonyms=fall | examples=fall into a category; This comes under a new heading
13. sense_key=come%2:30:13:: | definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this
14. sense_key=come%2:42:12:: | definition=add up in number or quantity | synonyms=total, number, add up, amount | examples=The bills amounted to $2,000; The bill came to $2,000
15. sense_key=come%2:42:11:: | definition=develop into | synonyms=add up, amount | examples=This idea will never amount to anything; nothing came of his grandiose plans
16. sense_key=come%2:38:02:: | definition=be received | synonyms=come in | examples=News came in of the massacre in Rwanda
17. sense_key=come%2:31:14:: | definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | synonyms=occur | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary; A great idea then came to her
18. sense_key=come%2:42:15:: | definition=come from; be connected by a relationship of blood, for example | synonyms=derive, descend | examples=She was descended from an old Italian noble family; he comes from humble origins
19. sense_key=come%2:42:02:: | definition=proceed or get along | synonyms=do, fare, make out, get along | examples=How is she doing in her new job?; How are you making out in graduate school?
20. sense_key=come%2:39:00:: | definition=experience orgasm | examples=she could not come because she was too upset
21. sense_key=come%2:31:13:: | definition=have a certain priority | examples=My family comes first

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that <t>comes</t> of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"
2.  **Determine the meaning of 'comes' in this context:** The sentence suggests that the feeling of "solemn intoxication" is a *result* or *consequence* of the "intricate ritual faultlessly performed."
3.  **Examine the candidate senses for relevance:**
    *   1. move toward/approach (Physical movement - unlikely)
    *   2. reach a destination/arrive (Physical arrival - unlikely)
    *   3. come to pass; arrive, as in due course (Happening over time - possible, but maybe too general)
    *   4. reach or enter a state, relation, condition (Transitioning into a state - highly relevant)
    *   5. to be the product or result (Synonyms: follow - highly relevant)
    *   6. be found or available (Availability - unlikely)
    *   7. come forth (Emerging - possible, but 'result' is better)
    *   8. be a native of (Origin - unlikely)
    *   9. extend or reach (Physical extension - unlikely)
    *   10. exist or occur in a certain point in a series (Sequence - unlikely)
    *   11. cover a certain distance (Distance - unlikely)
    *   12. come under, be classified or included (Inclusion - unlikely)
    *   13. happen as a result (Highly relevant - consequence)
    *   14. add up in number or quantity (Calculation - unlikely)
    *   15. develop into (Transformation/Result - highly relevant)
    *   16. be received (Reception - unlikely)
    *   17. come to one's mind (Mental suggestion - unlikely)
    *   18. come from; be connected by a relationship of blood (Origin/Descent - unlikely)
    *   19. proceed or get along (Functioning - unlikely)
    *   20. experience orgasm (Sexual context - irrelevant)
    *   21. have a certain priority (Precedence - unlikely)
4.  **Compare the best candidates (4, 5, 13, 15):**
    *   Sense 4: "reach or enter a state, relation, condition..." (The intoxication *comes* into being/is reached.)
    *   Sense 5: "to be the product or result" (The intoxication *is* the product/result of the ritual.)
    *   Sense 13: "happen as a result" (The intoxication *happens* as a result of the ritual.)
    *   Sense 15: "develop into" (The feeling *develops* from the ritual.)
5.  **Select the single best fit:** The phrase "intoxication that comes of intricate ritual" strongly emphasizes causality—the ritual *causes* the intoxication. Sense 5 ("to be the product or result") and Sense 13 ("happen as a result") are the strongest. Sense 5, "to be the product or result," is a very direct and idiomatic fit for describing a feeling or state derived from an action. Sense 13 is also excellent, but Sense 5 captures the idea of the feeling being the *outcome* of the performance.

    *Let's re-evaluate Sense 5:* Definition: "to be the product or result." Example: "Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience." This perfectly matches: Intoxication (the result) comes from the ritual (the source/experience).

    *Let's re-evaluate Sense 13:* Definition: "happen as a result." Example: "Nothing good will come of this." This also fits the causal relationship.

    Both 5 and 13 are very close. However, Sense 5, "to be the product or result," is slightly more formal and precise for describing an abstract state (intoxication) derived from a process (ritual).

6.  **Final Choice:** Sense 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ritual
Target surface form: ritual
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate <t>ritual</t> faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ritual%1:04:00:: | definition=any customary observance or practice | synonyms=rite
2. sense_key=ritual%1:04:01:: | definition=the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
3. sense_key=ritual%1:04:02:: | definition=stereotyped behavior

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "ritual" in the provided context.

Context: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.' 'Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate <t>ritual</t> faultlessly performed.' 'Ringing does become a bit of an obsession,' admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers."

Target word: ritual

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ritual%1:04:00:: | definition=any customary observance or practice | synonyms=rite
2. sense_key=ritual%1:04:01:: | definition=the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
3. sense_key=ritual%1:04:02:: | definition=stereotyped behavior

Analysis:
The context discusses "ringing" (of church bells), which is described as having "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection." The phrase is "intricate ritual faultlessly performed."

1. **sense_key=ritual%1:04:00 (any customary observance or practice):** This fits well. Ringing, especially in a complex, structured way, is a customary practice or observance.
2. **sense_key=ritual%1:04:01 (the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies):** While church bells are involved, the text emphasizes the *mechanical* and *mathematical* perfection of the *ringing* itself, not necessarily its function within a religious ceremony (though it might be related). This sense is too narrow (specifically religious ceremonies).
3. **sense_key=ritual%1:04:02 (stereotyped behavior):** This sense implies predictability or lack of originality, which contradicts the description of "intricate" and "mathematical completeness."

Comparison between Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 1 ("any customary observance or practice") is broader and encompasses the structured, complex, and practiced nature of the bell ringing described. Sense 2 is restricted to *religious* ceremonies. Since the focus is on the *performance* (intricate, faultlessly performed, mathematical perfection) of the activity (ringing), Sense 1 is the most accurate and encompassing description of the concept of "ritual" here.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: perform
Target surface form: performed
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly <t>performed</t>. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=perform%2:36:00:: | definition=carry out or perform an action | synonyms=execute, do | examples=John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters; the skater executed a triple pirouette
2. sense_key=perform%2:41:02:: | definition=perform a function | examples=Who will perform the wedding?
3. sense_key=perform%2:36:01:: | definition=give a performance (of something) | examples=Horowitz is performing at Carnegie Hall tonight; We performed a popular Gilbert and Sullivan opera
4. sense_key=perform%2:41:00:: | definition=get (something) done | synonyms=do | examples=I did my job

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "performed" (past tense of "perform") based on the provided context.

Context:
"...In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly <t>performed</t>." "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers."

Target word: performed (in the phrase "intricate ritual faultlessly performed")

Analysis of the context:
The text is discussing the activity of "ringing" (church bells). Dorothy L. Sayers describes ringing as a "passion" and mentions "intricate ritual." The word "performed" modifies "ritual," indicating that the ritual was carried out or executed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=perform%2:36:00:: | definition=carry out or perform an action | synonyms=execute, do | examples=John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters; the skater executed a triple pirouette
2. sense_key=perform%2:41:02:: | definition=perform a function | examples=Who will perform the wedding?
3. sense_key=perform%2:36:01:: | definition=give a performance (of something) | examples=Horowitz is performing at Carnegie Hall tonight; We performed a popular Gilbert and Sullivan opera
4. sense_key=perform%2:41:00:: | definition=get (something) done | synonyms=do | examples=I did my job

Evaluation:
*   **Sense 1 (carry out or perform an action):** This fits well. The "intricate ritual" was carried out/executed.
*   **Sense 2 (perform a function):** This is too abstract and doesn't fit the context of a ritual being executed.
*   **Sense 3 (give a performance of something):** This relates to artistic presentation (like an opera or concert). While ringing is a performance, the phrase "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" emphasizes the execution of the *ritual* itself, not necessarily the public presentation aspect, although they overlap. However, Sense 1 is a broader and more accurate fit for executing a ritual.
*   **Sense 4 (get something done):** This is too focused on completion/task management and doesn't capture the nuance of executing a ritual.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
The context uses "ritual." Executing a ritual is fundamentally "carrying out an action" (Sense 1). While ringing *is* a performance (Sense 3), the description focuses on the successful execution of the complex, prescribed steps ("intricate ritual faultlessly performed"). Sense 1 ("carry out or perform an action") is the most general and accurate description of executing a ritual.

Let's re-examine the provided options and the typical usage of "perform" in relation to rituals.
If I choose Sense 1: "The ritual was carried out faultlessly." (Accurate)
If I choose Sense 3: "The ritual was given as a performance faultlessly." (Possible, but less precise than Sense 1, as rituals are often defined by their execution, not just their presentation.)

However, in many linguistic contexts, when discussing complex, skilled activities like ringing or ceremonies, Sense 3 (giving a performance) is often the intended sense, especially when the activity is highly skilled and public.

Let's look closely at the examples for Sense 3: "We performed a popular Gilbert and Sullivan opera." This is a clear example of giving a performance. Ringing, especially in a skilled context, is often categorized as a performance art.

Let's look closely at the examples for Sense 1: "The skater executed a triple pirouette." This is also a performance, but Sense 1 is broader (any action).

Given the context of "intricate ritual" and the high level of skill implied ("solemn intoxication," "mathematical completeness"), the activity is being described as a highly skilled, executed event. Both Sense 1 and Sense 3 are strong candidates.

If the goal is to capture the *act* of executing the complex steps, Sense 1 is best.
If the goal is to capture the *nature* of the activity (a skilled presentation), Sense 3 is best.

Since the text is describing the *quality* of the execution ("faultlessly performed") of a complex, skilled activity (ringing/ritual), Sense 3, "give a performance (of something)," seems to capture the specific cultural and artistic connotation of the activity better than the general "carry out an action" (Sense 1).

Let's stick with Sense 3 as the best fit for a highly skilled, ritualistic activity being described in a literary context.

Final check:
Context: "intricate ritual faultlessly performed."
Sense 3: definition=give a performance (of something).
This aligns well: the ritual was performed (given as a performance).

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index. Sense 3 corresponds to index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: become
Target surface form: become
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does <t>become</t> a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: ""Ringing does <t>become</t> a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.
2.  **Determine the meaning of 'become' in this context:** The ringing (the activity/passion) is developing into, or evolving into, an obsession. It is changing its nature or intensity.
3.  **Examine the candidate senses:**
    *   1. `become%2:30:00`: enter or assume a certain state or condition (synonyms: go, get). *Fits well. The activity assumes the state of being an obsession.*
    *   2. `become%2:42:01`: undergo a change or development (synonyms: turn). *Fits well. The activity develops into an obsession.*
    *   3. `become%2:42:00`: come into existence. *Does not fit. Obsession is already a concept; the ringing is transforming into it, not appearing from nothing.*
    *   4. `become%2:42:03`: enhance the appearance of (synonyms: suit). *Does not fit. This relates to aesthetics/appearance.*
4.  **Compare the best candidates (1 and 2):**
    *   Sense 1: "enter or assume a certain state or condition." (Ringing assumes the state of obsession.)
    *   Sense 2: "undergo a change or development." (Ringing develops into an obsession.)
    *   Both are very close. However, "assuming a state or condition" (Sense 1) is often the most precise way to describe a process where an activity or feeling transitions into a defined psychological state (like obsession). Sense 2 is broader ("undergo a change").
5.  **Select the single best fit:** Sense 1 captures the transition from a hobby/passion to a specific, defined state (obsession) most accurately.

6.  **Final check:** "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession." (The activity assumes the condition of obsession.) This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: obsession
Target surface form: obsession
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an <t>obsession</t>, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obsession%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions, even against your will | synonyms=compulsion | examples=her compulsion to wash her hands repeatedly
2. sense_key=obsession%1:09:00:: | definition=an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone | synonyms=fixation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
"sense_index": 2
}
```

content:
```json
{
"sense_index": 2
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "obsession" in the given context.
I need to choose the single best sense from the two candidates provided.

Context:
"Ringing does become a bit of an <t>obsession</t>, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=obsession%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions, even against your will | synonyms=compulsion | examples=her compulsion to wash her hands repeatedly
2. sense_key=obsession%1:09:00:: | definition=an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone | synonyms=fixation | examples=N/A (implied by definition/synonyms)

Analysis:
The context states that ringing (the activity) "does become a bit of an obsession." This is immediately followed by the clarification: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."

The word "obsession" here describes the intensity of the passion for ringing.

Sense 1: Focuses on "irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions, even against your will" (compulsion). While ringing might involve repetitive actions, the context frames it as a "passion" that is highly engaging, not necessarily something done "against your will." The emphasis is on the intensity of the focus/passion.

Sense 2: Focuses on "an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone" (fixation). This aligns well with the idea of a deep, consuming passion or fixation on an activity (ringing). "Preoccupation" captures the idea of being totally absorbed, which is implied by the preceding description of the activity ("passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection").

Comparison:
The context uses "obsession" synonymously with a deep, consuming "passion."
Sense 2 ("preoccupation/fixation") is a better fit for describing a deep, consuming interest or passion than Sense 1 ("irrational motive/compulsion against your will"). While both senses involve compulsion, Sense 2 captures the idea of intense focus/preoccupation better in the context of a skilled, voluntary activity described as a "passion."

Conclusion: Sense 2 is the best fit.

I must return the output in the specified JSON format, using the index corresponding to the chosen sense.
Sense 1 is index 1.
Sense 2 is index 2.

I choose Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: admit
Target surface form: admits
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "<t>admits</t> Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=admit%2:32:00:: | definition=declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of | synonyms=acknowledge | examples=He admitted his errors; She acknowledged that she might have forgotten
2. sense_key=admit%2:41:01:: | definition=allow to enter; grant entry to | synonyms=allow in, let in, intromit | examples=We cannot admit non-members into our club building; This pipe admits air
3. sense_key=admit%2:41:00:: | definition=allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of | synonyms=let in, include | examples=admit someone to the profession; She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar
4. sense_key=admit%2:40:00:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, take, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
5. sense_key=admit%2:42:06:: | definition=afford possibility | synonyms=allow | examples=This problem admits of no solution; This short story allows of several different interpretations
6. sense_key=admit%2:42:00:: | definition=give access or entrance to | examples=The French doors admit onto the yard
7. sense_key=admit%2:42:04:: | definition=have room for; hold without crowding | synonyms=accommodate, hold | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests; The theater admits 300 people
8. sense_key=admit%2:42:03:: | definition=serve as a means of entrance | examples=This ticket will admit one adult to the show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "admits" in the given context.
The target lemma is "admit".
The context sentence is: ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "<t>admits</t> Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."

The word "admits" is used here in relation to a quote from Stephanie Pattenden, where she is stating that ringing "does become a bit of an obsession."

Let's analyze the candidates:

1. **sense_key=admit%2:32:00::** | definition=declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of | synonyms=acknowledge | examples=He admitted his errors; She acknowledged that she might have forgotten
    * This sense means to confess or acknowledge a fact.
    * Context check: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, admits Stephanie Pattenden..." This structure (Statement, admits [Speaker]) strongly suggests that Pattenden is acknowledging or declaring that ringing is an obsession. This fits perfectly.

2. **sense_key=admit%2:41:01::** | definition=allow to enter; grant entry to | synonyms=allow in, let in, intromit | examples=We cannot admit non-members into our club building; This pipe admits air
    * This is about physical entry. Not relevant here.

3. **sense_key=admit%2:41:00::** | definition=allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of | synonyms=let in, include | examples=admit someone to the profession; She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar
    * This is about granting membership or rights. Not relevant here.

4. **sense_key=admit%2:40:00::** | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, take, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
    * This is about inclusion/acceptance into a group. Not relevant here.

5. **sense_key=admit%2:42:06::** | definition=afford possibility | synonyms=allow | examples=This problem admits of no solution; This short story allows of several different interpretations
    * This is about possibility. Not relevant here.

6. **sense_key=admit%2:42:00::** | definition=give access or entrance to | examples=The French doors admit onto the yard
    * Physical access. Not relevant here.

7. **sense_key=admit%2:42:04::** | definition=have room for; hold without crowding | synonyms=accommodate, hold | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests; The theater admits 300 people
    * Capacity. Not relevant here.

8. **sense_key=admit%2:42:03::** | definition=serve as a means of entrance | examples=This ticket will admit one adult to the show
    * Entrance mechanism. Not relevant here.

The context clearly uses "admits" as a reporting verb, meaning "says" or "acknowledges." Sense 1, "declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of," is the correct sense.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.