[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: distinct
Target surface form: distinct
Context:
"Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as <t>distinct</t> from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=distinct%5:00:00:different:00 | definition=(often followed by `from') not alike; different in nature or quality | synonyms=distinguishable | examples=plants of several distinct types; the word `nationalism' is used in at least two distinct senses
2. sense_key=distinct%3:00:00:: | definition=easy to perceive; especially clearly outlined | examples=a distinct flavor; a distinct odor of turpentine
3. sense_key=distinct%5:00:00:separate:00 | definition=constituting a separate entity or part | synonyms=discrete | examples=a government with three discrete divisions; on two distinct occasions
4. sense_key=distinct%5:00:00:definite:00 | definition=recognizable; marked | synonyms=decided | examples=noticed a distinct improvement; at a distinct (or decided) disadvantage
5. sense_key=distinct%5:00:00:clear:00 | definition=clearly or sharply defined to the mind | synonyms=clear-cut, trenchant | examples=clear-cut evidence of tampering; Claudius was the first to invade Britain with distinct...intentions of conquest

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "distinct" in the given context.

Context: "But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as <t>distinct</t> from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching."

The word "distinct" is used in the phrase "distinct from the educational establishment."

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=distinct%5:00:00:different:00** | definition=(often followed by `from') not alike; different in nature or quality | synonyms=distinguishable | examples=plants of several distinct types; the word `nationalism' is used in at least two distinct senses
    * This sense explicitly mentions being "often followed by `from`" and means "not alike; different in nature or quality."
    * The context is "distinct from the educational establishment." This perfectly matches the structure and meaning of being different or separate from a group/entity.

2. **sense_key=distinct%3:00:00::** | definition=easy to perceive; especially clearly outlined | examples=a distinct flavor; a distinct odor of turpentine
    * This relates to sensory perception (flavor, odor). Not relevant here.

3. **sense_key=distinct%5:00:00:separate:00** | definition=constituting a separate entity or part | synonyms=discrete | examples=a government with three discrete divisions; on two distinct occasions
    * This means physically or conceptually separate. While related to sense 1, sense 1 focuses on the *difference in nature/quality* when used with 'from', which is the core meaning here (they are different *from* the establishment). Sense 1 seems more precise for the idiomatic usage "distinct from X."

4. **sense_key=distinct%5:00:00:definite:00** | definition=recognizable; marked | synonyms=decided | examples=noticed a distinct improvement; at a distinct (or decided) disadvantage
    * This relates to clarity or recognizability (e.g., a distinct improvement). Not relevant here.

5. **sense_key=distinct%5:00:00:clear:00** | definition=clearly or sharply defined to the mind | synonyms=clear-cut, trenchant | examples=clear-cut evidence of tampering; Claudius was the first to invade Britain with distinct...intentions of conquest
    * This relates to mental clarity or sharpness of definition. Not relevant here.

Conclusion: Sense 1, defined as "not alike; different in nature or quality" and explicitly noting the pattern "(often followed by `from')`", is the best fit for "distinct from the educational establishment."

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index. Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
"Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the <t>educational</t> establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: educational
    *   Target surface form: educational
    *   Context sentence: "But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the <t>educational</t> establishment."
    *   Surrounding context: The passage discusses progressive education, personality development, tests, courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy, and the role of schoolteachers.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `educational%3:01:00` | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
    *   Sense 2: `educational%5:00:00:instructive:00` | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

3.  **Determine the meaning of 'educational establishment' in context:**
    *   The context contrasts "teachers" (who are committed to conscientious teaching) with the "educational establishment."
    *   The establishment refers to the system, institutions, or professional body responsible for education (e.g., schools, universities, governing bodies).
    *   Sense 1 ("relating to the process of education") perfectly captures the meaning of an institution or system dedicated to education.
    *   Sense 2 ("providing knowledge") is too narrow and usually applies to specific materials (like a film or a lesson), not the entire institutional structure (the "establishment").

4.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the most appropriate fit for "educational establishment."

5.  **Format the output:**
    *   The instruction requires returning only a JSON object with the sense index. Since the candidates are numbered 1 and 2, the chosen sense is 1. (Wait, the prompt asks for `{"sense_index": 3}` in the example, but only provides 2 candidates. I must assume the numbering in the final output refers to the candidate list provided.)

    *   Candidate 1 -> Index 1
    *   Candidate 2 -> Index 2

    *   The chosen sense is Candidate 1.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: establishment
Target surface form: establishment
Context:
"Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational <t>establishment</t>. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=establishment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, formation, organization, organisation | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation
2. sense_key=establishment%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization founded and united for a specific purpose | synonyms=institution
3. sense_key=establishment%1:14:02:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
4. sense_key=establishment%1:06:00:: | definition=a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence
5. sense_key=establishment%1:14:01:: | definition=any large organization
6. sense_key=establishment%1:22:00:: | definition=(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat | synonyms=ecesis
7. sense_key=establishment%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof | synonyms=validation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "establishment" in the given context.

Context: "But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational <t>establishment</t>. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching."

The word "establishment" is modified by "educational" and contrasted with "teachers" (schoolteachers).

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=establishment%1:04:00**: the act of forming or establishing something (e.g., constitution, formation). This refers to a process or event, not a group of people or an institution in the context of contrasting teachers vs. a group.
2. **sense_key=establishment%1:14:00**: an organization founded and united for a specific purpose (synonym: institution). This is a general organizational sense.
3. **sense_key=establishment%1:14:02**: the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something (synonyms: administration, governance, governing body). This refers to the people in charge or the professional body itself.
4. **sense_key=establishment%1:06:00**: a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment. This refers to a physical place/structure.
5. **sense_key=establishment%1:14:01**: any large organization. This is a broad organizational sense.
6. **sense_key=establishment%1:22:00**: (ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established. Irrelevant.
7. **sense_key=establishment%1:09:00**: the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof. Irrelevant.

The context states: "But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment."

The contrast is between "teachers" (individual professionals) and the "educational establishment." In this sociological/educational context, "the establishment" refers to the established system, the governing body, or the professional class/institutions that hold power or define the norms within education.

*   If it meant the physical buildings (Sense 4), the contrast would be weak.
*   If it meant a general organization (Sense 2 or 5), it's plausible, but often "establishment" in this phrase refers specifically to the people or the entrenched system/power structure.
*   Sense 3 defines "establishment" as "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something." This perfectly captures the idea of the entrenched, governing, or professional body within a field (like education).

The phrase "educational establishment" strongly suggests the institutional power structure or the professional body that runs the educational system. Sense 3, focusing on the governing/administering body (the people/system in charge), is the most precise fit for this common idiomatic usage.

Therefore, Sense 3 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I <t>know</t> many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "know" in the given context.

Context: "I many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching."

Target word: "know"

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar

Analysis of the context:
"I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching."

The structure "I know [plural noun, people]" strongly suggests acquaintance or familiarity with those people.

Evaluating the senses:
1. (Cognizant of fact): Doesn't fit. "I know the fact that they are committed" would be different.
2. (Know how to do): Doesn't fit. "I know how to teach" would be different.
3. (Regard as true): Doesn't fit. This is about belief, not personal relationship/acquaintance.
4. (Be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object): This fits perfectly. "I am acquainted with many schoolteachers."
5. (Firsthand knowledge of states/emotions): Doesn't fit. This usually applies to internal states ("I know the feeling").
6. (Accept/Acknowledge): Doesn't fit.
7. (Fixed in the mind): Doesn't fit.
8. (Sexual intercourse): Clearly incorrect.
9. (Know the nature or character of): While related to knowing people, sense 4 (acquaintance) is the primary meaning when followed by "many schoolteachers." Sense 9 is often used when describing a deep understanding of character, but here, the simple act of knowing them suggests familiarity.
10. (Distinguish/Recognize difference): Doesn't fit.
11. (Perceive as familiar): This is close to sense 4, but sense 4 explicitly covers acquaintance with people/objects, which is the most direct interpretation here.

Sense 4: definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object. This is the best fit.

The corresponding sense index is 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seriously
Target surface form: seriously
Context:
It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are <t>seriously</t> committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seriously%4:02:00:: | definition=in a serious manner | synonyms=earnestly, in earnest | examples=talking earnestly with his son; she started studying snakes in earnest
2. sense_key=seriously%4:02:01:: | definition=to a severe or serious degree | synonyms=badly, severely, gravely | examples=fingers so badly frozen they had to be amputated; badly injured

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "seriously" in the given context.

Context: "I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are <t>seriously</t> committed to conscientious teaching."

Target word: seriously

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seriously%4:02:00:: | definition=in a serious manner | synonyms=earnestly, in earnest | examples=talking earnestly with his son; she started studying snakes in earnest
2. sense_key=seriously%4:02:01:: | definition=to a severe or serious degree | synonyms=badly, severely, gravely | examples=fingers so badly frozen they had to be amputated; badly injured

Analysis:
The phrase is "seriously committed to conscientious teaching."
"Committed" is an adjective describing the state of the teachers. "Seriously" modifies "committed."

If sense 1 (in a serious manner/earnestly) is used: They are committed in an earnest, dedicated way. This fits the context of professional dedication ("conscientious teaching").
If sense 2 (to a severe or serious degree/badly) is used: They are committed to a severe degree. While "committed" can be intense, using "seriously" here usually implies depth of feeling or dedication, not necessarily a negative or extreme degree (like "badly injured").

The context emphasizes their dedication to "conscientious teaching." This strongly suggests a sense of earnestness and deep commitment, aligning perfectly with Sense 1.

Sense 1: "earnestly, in earnest" -> They are earnestly committed. (Best fit)
Sense 2: "badly, severely, gravely" -> They are severely committed. (Possible, but less idiomatic and less fitting for the positive connotation of "conscientious teaching" compared to "earnest.")

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: committed
Target surface form: committed
Context:
It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously <t>committed</t> to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=committed%3:00:00:: | definition=bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude | examples=committed church members; a committed Marxist
2. sense_key=committed%3:00:04:: | definition=associated in an exclusive sexual relationship | synonyms=attached

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "committed" in the given context.

Context: "I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously <t>committed</t> to conscientious teaching."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=committed%3:00:00:: | definition=bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude | examples=committed church members; a committed Marxist
2. sense_key=committed%3:00:04:: | definition=associated in an exclusive sexual relationship | synonyms=attached

Analysis:
The phrase is "committed to conscientious teaching."
"Conscientious teaching" refers to a professional dedication or attitude.
Sense 1 defines "committed" as "bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude." This perfectly matches the idea of being dedicated to a professional practice (conscientious teaching).
Sense 2 defines "committed" in a sexual context. This is irrelevant to the context of teaching.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teaching
Target surface form: teaching
Context:
It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious <t>teaching</t>. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teaching%1:04:00:: | definition=the profession of a teacher | synonyms=instruction, pedagogy | examples=he prepared for teaching while still in college; pedagogy is recognized as an important profession
2. sense_key=teaching%1:09:00:: | definition=a doctrine that is taught | synonyms=precept, commandment | examples=the teachings of religion; he believed all the Christian precepts
3. sense_key=teaching%1:04:01:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=education, instruction, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "teaching" in the given context.

Context: "I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious <t>teaching</t>. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition."

Target word: teaching

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teaching%1:04:00:: | definition=the profession of a teacher | synonyms=instruction, pedagogy | examples=he prepared for teaching while still in college; pedagogy is recognized as an important profession
2. sense_key=teaching%1:09:00:: | definition=a doctrine that is taught | synonyms=precept, commandment | examples=the teachings of religion; he believed all the Christian precepts
3. sense_key=teaching%1:04:01:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=education, instruction, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed

Analysis:
The context mentions "schoolteachers" and their commitment to "conscientious teaching."
"Teaching" here refers to the act or process of imparting knowledge or skills within the context of schooling.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. Sense 1: "the profession of a teacher." While related, the context refers to the *act* of teaching ("committed to conscientious teaching"), not the profession itself (though the profession involves the act). The synonym list includes "instruction" and "pedagogy," which are broader than just the profession.
2. Sense 2: "a doctrine that is taught." This refers to specific beliefs or precepts (like religious teachings). This does not fit the general context of schoolteachers' commitment.
3. Sense 3: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill." This perfectly matches the idea of what schoolteachers do—the process of education and instruction. The synonyms (education, instruction, pedagogy) are highly relevant.

Conclusion: Sense 3 is the best fit as it describes the activity of educating/instructing, which is what schoolteachers are committed to doing.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: best
Target surface form: best
Context:
It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "<t>best</t> and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=best%3:00:00:: | definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year; the best solution
2. sense_key=best%5:00:00:advisable:00 | definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=better | examples=it would be better to speak to him; the White House thought it best not to respond
3. sense_key=good%3:00:01:: | definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | synonyms=good | examples=good news from the hospital; a good report card
4. sense_key=full%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | synonyms=full, good | examples=gives full measure; gives good measure
5. sense_key=good%3:00:02:: | definition=morally admirable | synonyms=good
6. sense_key=estimable%5:00:00:reputable:00 | definition=deserving of esteem and respect | synonyms=estimable, good, honorable, respectable | examples=all respectable companies give guarantees; ruined the family's good name
7. sense_key=beneficial%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=promoting or enhancing well-being | synonyms=beneficial, good | examples=an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries; the beneficial effects of a temperate climate
8. sense_key=good%5:00:00:nice:00 | definition=agreeable or pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=we all had a good time; good manners
9. sense_key=good%5:00:00:righteous:00 | definition=of moral excellence | synonyms=good, just, upright | examples=a genuinely good person; a just cause
10. sense_key=adept%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful | examples=adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler
11. sense_key=good%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=thorough | synonyms=good | examples=had a good workout; gave the house a good cleaning
12. sense_key=dear%5:00:00:close:02 | definition=with or in a close or intimate relationship | synonyms=dear, good, near | examples=a good friend; my sisters and brothers are near and dear
13. sense_key=dependable%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially sound | synonyms=dependable, good, safe, secure | examples=a good investment; a secure investment
14. sense_key=good%5:00:00:opportune:00 | definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | synonyms=good, right, ripe | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes; the right time to act
15. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=resulting favorably | synonyms=good, well | examples=it's a good thing that I wasn't there; it is good that you stayed
16. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=effective, good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
17. sense_key=good%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=capable of pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=good looks
18. sense_key=good%5:00:00:intellectual:00 | definition=appealing to the mind | synonyms=good, serious | examples=good music; a serious book
19. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=in excellent physical condition | synonyms=good, sound | examples=good teeth; I still have one good leg
20. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthful:00 | definition=tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health | synonyms=good, salutary | examples=beneficial effects of a balanced diet; a good night's sleep
21. sense_key=good%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=not forged | synonyms=good, honest | examples=a good dollar bill
22. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fresh:01 | definition=not left to spoil | synonyms=good, undecomposed, unspoiled, unspoilt | examples=the meat is still good
23. sense_key=good%5:00:00:discriminating:00 | definition=generally admired | synonyms=good | examples=good taste

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "best" in the given context.

Context:
"It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "<t>best</t> and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well."

Target word: "best"
Contextual phrase: "among the 'best' and brightest"

The phrase "best and brightest" is a common idiom used to refer to the most talented, most capable, or most outstanding individuals in a group or generation.

Let's examine the candidate senses for "best":

1. sense_key=best%3:00:00:: | definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year; the best solution
2. sense_key=best%5:00:00:advisable:00 | definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=better | examples=it would be better to speak to him; the White House thought it best not to respond

Sense 1: "superlative of `good' having the most positive qualities". This perfectly matches the meaning of "best" when used in "best and brightest," indicating the highest quality or most positive attributes.

Sense 2: "comparative and superlative of `well' wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable". This relates to advice or advantage (e.g., "it would be best"), which is not the meaning here.

The context clearly uses "best" as a superlative adjective meaning "most excellent" or "highest quality."

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bright
Target surface form: brightest
Context:
It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and <t>brightest</t> "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bright%3:00:00:: | definition=emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts | examples=the sun was bright and hot; a bright sunlit room
2. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:colorful:00 | definition=having striking color | synonyms=brilliant, vivid | examples=bright dress; brilliant tapestries
3. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:intelligent:00 | definition=characterized by quickness and ease in learning | synonyms=smart | examples=some children are brighter in one subject than another; smart children talk earlier than the average
4. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:light:06 | definition=having lots of light either natural or artificial | examples=the room was bright and airy; a stage bright with spotlights
5. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:polished:00 | definition=made smooth and bright by or as if by rubbing; reflecting a sheen or glow | synonyms=burnished, lustrous, shining, shiny | examples=bright silver candlesticks; a burnished brass knocker
6. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:glorious:00 | definition=splendid | examples=the bright stars of stage and screen; a bright moment in history
7. sense_key=bright%3:00:02:: | definition=not made dim or less bright | synonyms=undimmed | examples=undimmed headlights; surprisingly the curtain started to rise while the houselights were still undimmed
8. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:reverberant:00 | definition=clear and sharp and ringing | synonyms=brilliant | examples=the bright sound of the trumpet section; the brilliant sound of the trumpets
9. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:happy:00 | definition=characterized by happiness or gladness | examples=bright faces; all the world seems bright and gay
10. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:auspicious:00 | definition=full or promise | synonyms=hopeful, promising | examples=had a bright future in publishing; the scandal threatened an abrupt end to a promising political career

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "They may not be among the "best and brightest" of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition."
2.  **Identify the target word:** "brightest" (superlative of "bright").
3.  **Analyze the phrase:** "best and brightest." This phrase is a common idiom used to describe the most talented, intelligent, or promising individuals in a group.
4.  **Examine the candidate senses for 'bright':**
    *   1. Emitting light (physical light). (Unlikely)
    *   2. Having striking color. (Unlikely)
    *   3. Characterized by quickness and ease in learning (intelligent). Synonyms: smart. Examples: "some children are brighter in one subject than another; smart children talk earlier than the average." (Highly relevant)
    *   4. Having lots of light. (Unlikely)
    *   5. Polished/Shiny. (Unlikely)
    *   6. Splendid/Glorious. (Possible, but usually used for events/moments, not specifically for individual intellectual capacity in this idiom.)
    *   7. Not made dim. (Unlikely)
    *   8. Reverberant (sound). (Unlikely)
    *   9. Happy. (Unlikely)
    *   10. Auspicious/Promising. (Relevant, as "bright" can mean promising, but sense 3 focuses specifically on intellectual capacity, which is the primary meaning in "best and brightest.")
5.  **Compare the best candidates (3 and 10):**
    *   Sense 3 (Intelligent): Focuses on mental quickness and ease of learning. This perfectly matches the connotation of being among the "best" people in a generation.
    *   Sense 10 (Auspicious/Promising): Focuses on future potential. While related, "best and brightest" usually emphasizes current or inherent high ability (intelligence/talent) rather than just future promise.
6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 3, meaning intelligent, is the definitive fit for the idiom "best and brightest" when referring to people.
7.  **Format the output:** Return the JSON object with the correct sense index.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generation
Target surface form: generation
Context:
It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their <t>generation</t> -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generation%1:14:01:: | definition=all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age | synonyms=coevals, contemporaries
2. sense_key=generation%1:14:00:: | definition=group of genetically related organisms constituting a single step in the line of descent
3. sense_key=generation%1:28:00:: | definition=the normal time between successive generations | examples=they had to wait a generation for that prejudice to fade
4. sense_key=generation%1:28:01:: | definition=a stage of technological development or innovation | examples=the third generation of computers
5. sense_key=generation%1:11:00:: | definition=a coming into being | synonyms=genesis
6. sense_key=generation%1:04:01:: | definition=the production of heat or electricity | examples=dams were built for the generation of electricity
7. sense_key=generation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of producing offspring or multiplying by such production | synonyms=multiplication, propagation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "generation" in the given context.

Context: "They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their <t>generation</t> -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generation%1:14:01:: | definition=all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age | synonyms=coevals, contemporaries
2. sense_key=generation%1:14:00:: | definition=group of genetically related organisms constituting a single step in the line of descent
3. sense_key=generation%1:28:00:: | definition=the normal time between successive generations | examples=they had to wait a generation for that prejudice to fade
4. sense_key=generation%1:28:01:: | definition=a stage of technological development or innovation | examples=the third generation of computers
5. sense_key=generation%1:11:00:: | definition=a coming into being | synonyms=genesis
6. sense_key=generation%1:04:01:: | definition=the production of heat or electricity | examples=dams were built for the generation of electricity
7. sense_key=generation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of producing offspring or multiplying by such production | synonyms=multiplication, propagation

Analysis of the context:
The sentence discusses schoolteachers and whether they are among the "best and brightest" of their "generation." The phrase "best and brightest of their generation" refers to a group of people who are contemporaries or belong to the same age cohort.

Evaluation of candidates:
1. sense_key=generation%1:14:01:: | definition=all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age | synonyms=coevals, contemporaries. This perfectly matches the usage in the context ("best and brightest of their generation" = best and brightest of their age group/cohort).
2. sense_key=generation%1:14:00:: | definition=group of genetically related organisms constituting a single step in the line of descent. (Biological/evolutionary sense - unlikely here).
3. sense_key=generation%1:28:00:: | definition=the normal time between successive generations. (Time interval - unlikely here).
4. sense_key=generation%1:28:01:: | definition=a stage of technological development or innovation. (Technology sense - unlikely here).
5. sense_key=generation%1:11:00:: | definition=a coming into being. (Process of creation - unlikely here).
6. sense_key=generation%1:04:01:: | definition=the production of heat or electricity. (Energy sense - unlikely here).
7. sense_key=generation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of producing offspring or multiplying by such production. (Reproduction sense - unlikely here).

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: very
Target surface form: very
Context:
It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are <t>very</t> few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=very%4:02:00:: | definition=used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal | synonyms=really, real, rattling | examples=she was very gifted; he played very well
2. sense_key=very%4:02:01:: | definition=precisely so | examples=on the very next page; he expected the very opposite

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "very" in the given context.

Context: "They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are <t>very</t> few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well."

Target word: very

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=very%4:02:00:: | definition=used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal | synonyms=really, real, rattling | examples=she was very gifted; he played very well
2. sense_key=very%4:02:01:: | definition=precisely so | examples=on the very next page; he expected the very opposite

Analysis of the context:
The phrase is "there are very few such people".
Here, "very" modifies the quantifier "few". It intensifies the degree of "few".

Analysis of the candidates:
1. sense_key=very%4:02:00: Definition is "used as intensifiers". Synonyms include "really". Examples show intensification ("she was very gifted"). This matches the usage in "very few".
2. sense_key=very%4:02:01: Definition is "precisely so". Examples show emphasis on exactness ("on the very next page"). This does not match the usage in "very few".

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct sense, as "very" is used here as an intensifier modifying the quantity "few".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such <t>people</t>, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
"sense_index": 1
}
```

content:
```json
{
"sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "people" in the given context.

Context:
"I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such <t>people</t>, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well."

Target word: people

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Analysis:
The sentence fragment is: "They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such <t>people</t>, by definition."

The antecedent of "people" is implicitly the group being discussed: "schoolteachers" (or more broadly, members of their generation who are schoolteachers).
The phrase "best and brightest" refers to highly talented individuals.
The context states that there are very few such people (i.e., very few schoolteachers who are among the "best and brightest").

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively**: This is a general sense of humanity. It fits the context of referring to a group of individuals (schoolteachers/members of a generation).
2. **the body of citizens of a state or country**: This refers to citizenship/nationhood. Not relevant here.
3. **members of a family line**: This refers to ancestry/kinship. Not relevant here.
4. **the common people generally**: This refers to the masses, often implying lack of status or being ordinary. While schoolteachers might be considered "common" compared to elite academics, the phrase "very few such people" suggests a comparison to a high standard ("best and brightest"), not a general reference to the masses.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 4:
Sense 1 is the most general and accurate fit: "any group of human beings collectively." The people being discussed are a specific group (schoolteachers/members of a generation), but the word "people" here functions as a collective noun for those individuals.
Sense 4 ("the common people generally") implies a socio-economic or political grouping (the masses), which is too specific and potentially inaccurate given the context of professional merit ("best and brightest").

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

Mapping to the required output format:
The best sense is sense_key=people%1:14:00.
The instruction requires returning only a JSON object with the sense index (which corresponds to the order of the candidates, 1, 2, 3, or 4).

Sense 1 -> index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: job
Target surface form: jobs
Context:
I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their <t>jobs</t> well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=job%1:04:00:: | definition=the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money | synonyms=occupation, business, line of work, line | examples=he's not in my line of business
2. sense_key=job%1:04:01:: | definition=a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee | synonyms=task, chore | examples=estimates of the city's loss on that job ranged as high as a million dollars; the job of repairing the engine took several hours
3. sense_key=job%1:06:00:: | definition=a workplace; as in the expression | examples=on the job
4. sense_key=job%1:06:01:: | definition=an object worked on; a result produced by working | examples=he held the job in his left hand and worked on it with his right
5. sense_key=job%1:04:04:: | definition=the responsibility to do something | examples=it is their job to print the truth
6. sense_key=job%1:04:05:: | definition=the performance of a piece of work | examples=she did an outstanding job as Ophelia; he gave it up as a bad job
7. sense_key=job%1:04:03:: | definition=a damaging piece of work | examples=dry rot did the job of destroying the barn; the barber did a real job on my hair
8. sense_key=job%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=problem | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
9. sense_key=job%1:18:00:: | definition=a Jewish hero in the Old Testament who maintained his faith in God in spite of afflictions that tested him
10. sense_key=job%1:18:01:: | definition=any long-suffering person who withstands affliction without despairing
11. sense_key=job%1:10:01:: | definition=(computer science) a program application that may consist of several steps but is a single logical unit
12. sense_key=job%1:10:00:: | definition=a book in the Old Testament containing Job's pleas to God about his afflictions and God's reply | synonyms=Book of Job
13. sense_key=job%1:04:02:: | definition=a crime (especially a robbery) | synonyms=caper | examples=the gang pulled off a bank job in St. Louis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "jobs" (lemma: job) based on the provided context and candidate senses.

Context:
"I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their <t>jobs</t> well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days."

Target word: jobs (plural of job)

Analysis of the context:
The context is discussing schoolteachers and their professional commitment. The phrase is "to do their jobs well." This refers to the duties or responsibilities associated with being a teacher.

Analysis of candidate senses:
1. sense_key=job%1:04:00:: definition=the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money | synonyms=occupation, business, line of work, line. (Refers to profession/career).
2. sense_key=job%1:04:01:: definition=a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee | synonyms=task, chore. (Refers to a specific assignment).
3. sense_key=job%1:06:00:: definition=a workplace; as in the expression | examples=on the job. (Refers to location).
4. sense_key=job%1:06:01:: definition=an object worked on; a result produced by working. (Refers to the item being worked on).
5. sense_key=job%1:04:04:: definition=the responsibility to do something | examples=it is their job to print the truth. (Refers to duty/responsibility).
6. sense_key=job%1:04:05:: definition=the performance of a piece of work | examples=she did an outstanding job as Ophelia; he gave it up as a bad job. (Refers to the execution/performance).
7. sense_key=job%1:04:03:: definition=a damaging piece of work. (Refers to poor quality work).
8. sense_key=job%1:26:00:: definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=problem. (Refers to a problem).
9. sense_key=job%1:18:00:: definition=a Jewish hero in the Old Testament... (Biblical figure).
10. sense_key=job%1:18:01:: definition=any long-suffering person who withstands affliction without despairing. (Biblical figure).
11. sense_key=job%1:10:01:: definition=(computer science) a program application... (Technical term).
12. sense_key=job%1:10:00:: definition=a book in the Old Testament containing Job's pleas to God... (Biblical text).
13. sense_key=job%1:04:02:: definition=a crime (especially a robbery). (Refers to a criminal act).

Evaluation:
The phrase "do their jobs well" can relate to several senses:
A. Sense 1 (Occupation): They need not be among the best to do their *occupation* well. (Plausible, but usually "do their job" refers to the tasks within the occupation).
B. Sense 2 (Specific piece of work/task): They need not be among the best to do their *tasks* well. (Very plausible).
C. Sense 5 (Responsibility): They need not be among the best to fulfill their *responsibilities* well. (Highly plausible, often synonymous with "do their job").
D. Sense 6 (Performance): They need not be among the best to achieve a good *performance*. (Less likely in this specific phrasing).

Comparing Sense 1, 2, and 5:
The phrase "do their jobs well" most commonly refers to performing the duties or responsibilities inherent in their role.

Sense 5 (Responsibility to do something): "it is their job to print the truth." This captures the idea of duty.
Sense 2 (Specific piece of work/task): "the job of repairing the engine took several hours." This captures the idea of a specific assignment.
Sense 1 (Occupation): "line of work." This is broader.

In the context of teaching, "doing their jobs well" refers to executing the duties and responsibilities of teaching effectively. Sense 5, "the responsibility to do something," aligns perfectly with the concept of professional duty and expectation. Sense 2 (task) is too narrow, while Sense 1 (occupation) is too broad.

Let's re-examine Sense 5: definition=the responsibility to do something.
If we substitute: "But they need not be to do their responsibilities well." This is slightly awkward but conveys the meaning.

Let's re-examine Sense 1: definition=the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money.
If we substitute: "But they need not be to do their occupations well." This is grammatically awkward and semantically weak.

Let's re-examine Sense 2: definition=a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee.
If we substitute: "But they need not be to do their tasks well." This is very natural and accurate.

However, in common English usage, when referring to a professional role, "job" often encompasses both the specific tasks (Sense 2) and the overall duties/responsibilities (Sense 5).

Let's look at the relationship between Sense 1 (Occupation) and Sense 5 (Responsibility). Often, the duties (Sense 5) define the occupation (Sense 1).

If I must choose the *single best* fit for "do their jobs well" in a professional context, Sense 5 (responsibility/duty) is often the most precise abstract concept underlying the phrase, while Sense 2 (task) is the concrete manifestation.

Let's check the provided examples for Sense 5: "it is their job to print the truth." This emphasizes the *duty*.
Let's check the provided examples for Sense 2: "the job of repairing the engine took several hours." This emphasizes the *task*.

Since the context is about the *quality* of their professional execution ("do their jobs well"), it refers to fulfilling the required duties/responsibilities. Sense 5 captures this sense of duty most accurately.

Final decision: Sense 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well
Target surface form: well
Context:
I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs <t>well</t>. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done
2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: | definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form; ; ; ; ; , | examples=The problem is well understood; she was well informed
3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: | definition=indicating high probability; in all likelihood | synonyms=easily | examples=I might well do it; a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster
4. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: | definition=(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully | examples=a book well worth reading; was well aware of the difficulties ahead
5. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: | definition=to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree | examples=the project was well underway; the fetus has well developed organs
6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: | definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book
7. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: | definition=to a great extent or degree | synonyms=considerably, substantially | examples=I'm afraid the film was well over budget; painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger
8. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: | definition=with great or especially intimate knowledge | synonyms=intimately | examples=we knew them well
9. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: | definition=with prudence or propriety | examples=You would do well to say nothing more; could not well refuse
10. sense_key=well%4:02:12:: | definition=with skill or in a pleasing manner | examples=she dances well; he writes well
11. sense_key=well%4:02:10:: | definition=in a manner affording benefit or advantage | synonyms=advantageously | examples=she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle
12. sense_key=well%4:02:09:: | definition=in financial comfort | synonyms=comfortably | examples=They live well; she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died
13. sense_key=well%4:02:01:: | definition=without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor | examples=took the joke well; took the tragic news well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "well" in the given context.
The context is: "They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs <t>well</t>. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days."

The target word is "well".
The phrase is "to do their jobs well".

I need to examine the candidate senses and find the one that matches the meaning of "well" when describing how one performs a job.

Candidate senses analysis:
1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done. (This relates to manner/standard.)
2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form; ; ; ; ; , (This relates to completeness.)
3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: definition=indicating high probability; in all likelihood | synonyms=easily | examples=I might well do it; a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster. (This is modal/probability.)
4. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: definition=(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully | examples=a book well worth reading; was well aware of the difficulties ahead. (This is intensifier.)
5. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: definition=to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree | examples=the project was well underway; the fetus has well developed organs. (This relates to degree/extent.)
6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book. (This relates to opinion/approval.)
7. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: definition=to a great extent or degree | synonyms=considerably, substantially | examples=I'm afraid the film was well over budget; painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger. (This relates to degree.)
8. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: definition=with great or especially intimate knowledge | synonyms=intimately | examples=we knew them well. (This relates to familiarity.)
9. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: definition=with prudence or propriety | examples=You would do well to say nothing more; could not well refuse. (This relates to caution/propriety.)
10. sense_key=well%4:02:12:: definition=with skill or in a pleasing manner | examples=she dances well; he writes well. (This relates to skill/manner.)
11. sense_key=well%4:02:10:: definition=in a manner affording benefit or advantage | synonyms=advantageously | examples=she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle. (This relates to advantage.)
12. sense_key=well%4:02:09:: definition=in financial comfort | synonyms=comfortably | examples=They live well; she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died. (This relates to financial state.)
13. sense_key=well%4:02:01:: definition=without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor | examples=took the joke well; took the tragic news well. (This relates to emotional reception.)

The phrase "to do their jobs well" means to perform their duties competently, skillfully, or satisfactorily.

Sense 1: "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard." This fits perfectly with "doing a job well."
Sense 10: "with skill or in a pleasing manner." This also fits very well, especially in the context of teaching (which requires skill).

Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 10.
Sense 1: "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard." (General competence/quality)
Sense 10: "with skill or in a pleasing manner." (Focus on ability/artistry)

Since the context is about teachers and their commitment to "conscientious teaching," both skill and satisfactory manner are relevant. However, Sense 1 is broader and covers the general idea of performing a task satisfactorily or to a high standard, which is the most direct interpretation of "doing a job well." Sense 10 emphasizes skill, which is a specific way of doing it well.

The example for Sense 1 is "a task well done," which is highly analogous to "doing their jobs well."
The example for Sense 10 is "she dances well; he writes well," which focuses on performance arts/crafts.

Sense 1 seems to be the most encompassing and general fit for the meaning of competence in a professional context.

I will choose Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remember
Target surface form: remember
Context:
They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can <t>remember</t> one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remember%2:31:00:: | definition=recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection | synonyms=retrieve, recall, call back, call up, recollect, think | examples=I can't remember saying any such thing; I can't think what her last name was
2. sense_key=remember%2:31:01:: | definition=keep in mind for attention or consideration | synonyms=think of | examples=Remember the Alamo; Remember to call your mother every day!
3. sense_key=remember%2:31:02:: | definition=recapture the past; indulge in memories | synonyms=think back | examples=he remembered how he used to pick flowers
4. sense_key=remember%2:40:00:: | definition=show appreciation to | examples=He remembered her in his will
5. sense_key=remember%2:32:07:: | definition=mention favorably, as in prayer | examples=remember me in your prayers
6. sense_key=remember%2:32:00:: | definition=mention as by way of greeting or to indicate friendship | synonyms=commend | examples=Remember me to your wife
7. sense_key=remember%2:31:08:: | definition=exercise, or have the power of, memory | examples=After the shelling, many people lost the ability to remember; some remember better than others
8. sense_key=remember%2:31:09:: | definition=call to remembrance; keep alive the memory of someone or something, as in a ceremony | synonyms=commemorate | examples=We remembered the 50th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz; Remember the dead of the First World War

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "remember" in the given context.

Context: "Yes, we all can <t>remember</t> one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious."

Target word: remember

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remember%2:31:00:: | definition=recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection | synonyms=retrieve, recall, call back, call up, recollect, think | examples=I can't remember saying any such thing; I can't think what her last name was
2. sense_key=remember%2:31:01:: | definition=keep in mind for attention or consideration | synonyms=think of | examples=Remember the Alamo; Remember to call your mother every day!
3. sense_key=remember%2:31:02:: | definition=recapture the past; indulge in memories | synonyms=think back | examples=he remembered how he used to pick flowers
4. sense_key=remember%2:40:00:: | definition=show appreciation to | examples=He remembered her in his will
5. sense_key=remember%2:32:07:: | definition=mention favorably, as in prayer | examples=remember me in your prayers
6. sense_key=remember%2:32:00:: | definition=mention as by way of greeting or to indicate friendship | synonyms=commend | examples=Remember me to your wife
7. sense_key=remember%2:31:08:: | definition=exercise, or have the power of, memory | examples=After the shelling, many people lost the ability to remember; some remember better than others
8. sense_key=remember%2:31:09:: | definition=call to remembrance; keep alive the memory of someone or something, as in a ceremony | synonyms=commemorate | examples=We remembered the 50th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz; Remember the dead of the First World War

Analysis of the context:
"Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days."

The action is recalling specific people (teachers) from a past time (school days).

Evaluating the senses:
1. sense_key=remember%2:31:00 (recall knowledge from memory): This fits well. Recalling specific teachers from the past is a form of recollection.
2. sense_key=remember%2:31:01 (keep in mind for attention): This implies a future action or a reminder (e.g., "Remember to lock the door"). Not applicable here.
3. sense_key=remember%2:31:02 (recapture the past; indulge in memories): This also fits very well. The phrase "from our school days" suggests indulging in or recalling past memories. The example "he remembered how he used to pick flowers" aligns with this sense of recalling past experiences.
4. sense_key=remember%2:40:00 (show appreciation): This is about remembrance in a formal/tribute sense (e.g., a will). Not applicable.
5. sense_key=remember%2:32:07 (mention favorably, as in prayer): Specific religious context. Not applicable.
6. sense_key=remember%2:32:00 (mention as by way of greeting): Social/informal context. Not applicable.
7. sense_key=remember%2:31:08 (exercise, or have the power of, memory): This refers to the faculty of memory itself (e.g., "He has a good memory"). The context uses "remember" as a verb of action, not a noun/ability. Not applicable.
8. sense_key=remember%2:31:09 (call to remembrance; commemorate): This is usually used for significant events or people in a formal, public way (e.g., memorials). While teachers are remembered, the phrasing "we all can remember... from our school days" suggests a personal, internal act of recollection rather than a formal commemoration.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
Sense 1 (recall knowledge from memory): Focuses on the cognitive act of retrieving information.
Sense 3 (recapture the past; indulge in memories): Focuses on the act of mentally revisiting a past experience or time period.

The context "remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days" strongly emphasizes the retrieval of a past experience/person. Both senses are plausible, but Sense 3, with its focus on "recapture the past" and "indulge in memories," captures the nostalgic and reflective nature implied by referencing "school days" more accurately than the purely cognitive retrieval of Sense 1.

Let's re-examine the examples:
Sense 1: "I can't remember saying any such thing." (Retrieval failure)
Sense 3: "he remembered how he used to pick flowers." (Recalling a past activity/state)

The context is about recalling a past relationship/experience ("inspiring teachers from our school days"). Sense 3 is the best fit for this reflective, past-oriented recollection.

Final choice: Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: truly
Target surface form: truly
Context:
They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two <t>truly</t> inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=truly%4:02:00:: | definition=in accordance with truth or fact or reality | synonyms=genuinely, really | examples=she was now truly American; a genuinely open society
2. sense_key=truly%4:02:01:: | definition=by right | synonyms=rightfully | examples=baseball rightfully is the nation's pastime
3. sense_key=truly%4:02:03:: | definition=with sincerity; without pretense | synonyms=sincerely, unfeignedly | examples=she praised him sincerely for his victory; was unfeignedly glad to see his old teacher
4. sense_key=truly%4:02:04:: | definition=in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers) | synonyms=in truth, really | examples=in truth, moral decay hastened the decline of the Roman Empire; really, you shouldn't have done it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "truly" in the given context.

Context: "Yes, we all can remember one or two <t>truly</t> inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious."

Target word: truly
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=truly%4:02:00:: | definition=in accordance with truth or fact or reality | synonyms=genuinely, really | examples=she was now truly American; a genuinely open society
2. sense_key=truly%4:02:01:: | definition=by right | synonyms=rightfully | examples=baseball rightfully is the nation's pastime
3. sense_key=truly%4:02:03:: | definition=with sincerity; without pretense | synonyms=sincerely, unfeignedly | examples=she praised him sincerely for his victory; was unfeignedly glad to see his old teacher
4. sense_key=truly%4:02:04:: | definition=in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers) | synonyms=in truth, really | examples=in truth, moral decay hastened the decline of the Roman Empire; really, you shouldn't have done it

Analysis:
The word "truly" modifies the adjective "inspiring" ("truly inspiring teachers").
It is used here to emphasize the degree or quality of inspiration.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **in accordance with truth or fact or reality / genuinely, really**: This sense relates to authenticity or factual correctness. While "genuinely" is a synonym, the usage here is more about intensity than factual truth.
2. **by right / rightfully**: This sense is clearly incorrect as it relates to entitlement.
3. **with sincerity; without pretense / sincerely, unfeignedly**: This sense relates to emotional honesty or lack of pretense. While related to sincerity, the primary function here is intensification of the quality (inspiring).
4. **in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers) / in truth, really**: This sense explicitly covers the use of "truly" as an intensifier or modifier, which fits perfectly with "truly inspiring." The examples provided (e.g., "really, you shouldn't have done it") show its use as an intensifier.

Comparing 1, 3, and 4:
Sense 4 is the most precise description of the function of "truly" when it modifies an adjective like "inspiring." It functions as an intensifier, meaning "very" or "really."
Sense 1 and 3 are related to sincerity/genuineness, but Sense 4 captures the grammatical and semantic role (intensification) most accurately in this context.

Conclusion: Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teacher
Target surface form: teachers
Context:
They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring <t>teachers</t> from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor
2. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "teachers" (plural of "teacher") based on the provided context.

Context analysis:
The text discusses different types of educational experiences and people involved in education.
Key phrases:
1. "But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment." (Teachers are people involved in education.)
2. "I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching." (Explicitly refers to people who teach in schools.)
3. "Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days." (Refers to individuals who taught them.)
4. "But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious." (Refers to the people providing the education.)

The word "teachers" clearly refers to human beings whose occupation is teaching.

Candidate senses:
1. `sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor` (This matches the context perfectly.)
2. `sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher` (This refers to abstract concepts or inanimate objects that instruct, which is not the case here.)

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our <t>education</t> proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "education" in the given context.

Context: "But our <t>education</t> proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor."

Target word: education

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Analysis of the context:
The sentence is: "But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious."
This structure ("our education proceeded at the hands of...") implies that 'education' is the process or experience of being taught, which was delivered by the teachers mentioned previously.

Comparing with candidate senses:
1. Sense 1 (activities of educating or instructing): This refers to the process/activities. "Our education proceeded..." fits well if 'education' refers to the instructional process itself.
2. Sense 2 (knowledge acquired): This refers to the outcome (the knowledge). If it were the outcome, the phrasing might be "our education was limited" or "our education was basic." "Proceeded at the hands of" suggests the action/process.
3. Sense 3 (the gradual process of acquiring knowledge): This is a strong match. It describes the journey or process of learning, which is what "proceeded at the hands of" implies.
4. Sense 4 (profession of teaching): This refers to the job/profession, not the experience of learning. Incorrect.
5. Sense 5 (result of good upbringing): This is too narrow (social behavior) and doesn't fit the general context of school/teacher instruction.
6. Sense 6 (US federal department): Clearly incorrect.

Distinguishing between Sense 1 and Sense 3:
Sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill"
Sense 3: "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge"

Both describe the process. However, Sense 3, "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge," captures the holistic experience implied by "our education proceeded at the hands of those others," focusing on the *acquisition* journey, which is often how the term is used when discussing the learning experience itself. Sense 1 focuses more on the *act* of teaching/instruction.

In the phrase "our education proceeded at the hands of...", 'education' functions as the subject of the process, meaning the learning experience itself. Sense 3 is the most precise definition for this experiential meaning.

Therefore, Sense 3 is the best fit.