[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hold
Target surface form: holding
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, <t>holding</t> other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hold%2:42:00:: | definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=keep, maintain | examples=keep clean; hold in place
2. sense_key=hold%2:35:00:: | definition=have or hold in one's hands or grip | synonyms=take hold | examples=Hold this bowl for a moment, please; A crazy idea took hold of him
3. sense_key=hold%2:36:00:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=throw, have, make, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
4. sense_key=hold%2:40:00:: | definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | synonyms=have, have got | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank; He has got two beautiful daughters
5. sense_key=hold%2:31:01:: | definition=keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view | synonyms=deem, view as, take for | examples=take for granted; view as important
6. sense_key=hold%2:37:00:: | definition=maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings) | synonyms=harbor, harbour, entertain, nurse | examples=bear a grudge; entertain interesting notions
7. sense_key=hold%2:35:03:: | definition=to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement | synonyms=restrain, confine | examples=This holds the local until the express passengers change trains; About a dozen animals were held inside the stockade
8. sense_key=hold%2:40:02:: | definition=secure and keep for possible future use or application | synonyms=retain, keep back, hold back | examples=The landlord retained the security deposit; I reserve the right to disagree
9. sense_key=hold%2:40:04:: | definition=have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices | synonyms=bear | examples=She bears the title of Duchess; He held the governorship for almost a decade
10. sense_key=hold%2:35:01:: | definition=be the physical support of; carry the weight of | synonyms=support, sustain, hold up | examples=The beam holds up the roof; He supported me with one hand while I balanced on the beam
11. sense_key=hold%2:42:13:: | definition=contain or hold; have within | synonyms=bear, carry, contain | examples=The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water
12. sense_key=hold%2:42:05:: | definition=have room for; hold without crowding | synonyms=accommodate, admit | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests; The theater admits 300 people
13. sense_key=hold%2:42:01:: | definition=remain in a certain state, position, or condition | examples=The weather held; They held on the road and kept marching
14. sense_key=hold%2:35:02:: | definition=support or hold in a certain manner | synonyms=carry, bear | examples=She holds her head high; He carried himself upright
15. sense_key=hold%2:42:02:: | definition=be valid, applicable, or true | synonyms=prevail, obtain | examples=This theory still holds
16. sense_key=hold%2:31:08:: | definition=assert or affirm | examples=Rousseau's philosophy holds that people are inherently good
17. sense_key=hold%2:42:07:: | definition=have as a major characteristic | examples=The novel holds many surprises; The book holds in store much valuable advise
18. sense_key=hold%2:42:14:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, take | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
19. sense_key=hold%2:41:00:: | definition=arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance | synonyms=reserve, book | examples=reserve me a seat on a flight; The agent booked tickets to the show for the whole family
20. sense_key=hold%2:33:05:: | definition=protect against a challenge or attack | synonyms=defend, guard | examples=Hold that position behind the trees!; Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks
21. sense_key=hold%2:32:13:: | definition=bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted | synonyms=oblige, bind, obligate | examples=He's held by a contract; I'll hold you by your promise
22. sense_key=hold%2:31:04:: | definition=hold the attention of | examples=The soprano held the audience; This story held our interest
23. sense_key=hold%2:31:10:: | definition=remain committed to | examples=I hold to these ideas
24. sense_key=hold%2:42:08:: | definition=resist or confront with resistance | synonyms=defy, withstand, hold up | examples=The politician defied public opinion; The new material withstands even the greatest wear and tear
25. sense_key=hold%2:42:04:: | definition=be pertinent or relevant or applicable | synonyms=apply, go for | examples=The same laws apply to you!; This theory holds for all irrational numbers
26. sense_key=hold%2:42:12:: | definition=stop dealing with | examples=hold all calls to the President's office while he is in a meeting
27. sense_key=hold%2:41:15:: | definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=control, hold in, contain, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue
28. sense_key=hold%2:41:13:: | definition=keep from departing | examples=Hold the taxi; Hold the horse
29. sense_key=hold%2:41:14:: | definition=take and maintain control over, often by violent means | examples=The dissatisfied students held the President's office for almost a week
30. sense_key=hold%2:38:05:: | definition=cause to stop | synonyms=halt, arrest | examples=Halt the engines; Arrest the progress
31. sense_key=hold%2:35:09:: | definition=cover as for protection against noise or smell | examples=She held her ears when the jackhammer started to operate; hold one's nose
32. sense_key=hold%2:34:00:: | definition=drink alcohol without showing ill effects | synonyms=carry | examples=He can hold his liquor; he had drunk more than he could carry
33. sense_key=hold%2:33:00:: | definition=aim, point, or direct | examples=Hold the fire extinguisher directly on the flames
34. sense_key=hold%2:32:11:: | definition=declare to be | synonyms=declare, adjudge | examples=She was declared incompetent; judge held that the defendant was innocent
35. sense_key=hold%2:32:15:: | definition=be in accord; be in agreement | synonyms=agree, concur, concord | examples=We agreed on the terms of the settlement; I can't agree with you!
36. sense_key=hold%2:29:04:: | definition=keep from exhaling or expelling | examples=hold your breath

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The target word is "holding" (a gerund/participle of "hold"). The relevant sentence is: "A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, <t>holding</t> other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

2.  **Determine the function of "holding":** In this context, "holding other factors constant" is a standard phrase in statistics and econometrics. It means that when analyzing the relationship between two variables (vote difference and tax rate), the influence of other variables (incumbency, regional factors, etc.) is neutralized or kept fixed.

3.  **Examine the candidate senses for relevance:** I need a sense that means "keeping something fixed" or "assuming something is constant" in an analytical context.

    *   1. `sense_key=hold%2:42:00:: | definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=keep, maintain | examples=keep clean; hold in place` -> This aligns well with "keeping factors constant."
    *   2. `sense_key=hold%2:35:00:: | definition=have or hold in one's hands or grip` -> Physical grip. Incorrect.
    *   3. `sense_key=hold%2:36:00:: | definition=organize or be responsible for` -> Organizing. Incorrect.
    *   4. `sense_key=hold%2:40:00:: | definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense` -> Possession. Incorrect.
    *   5. `sense_key=hold%2:31:01:: | definition=keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view` -> Belief/view. Incorrect.
    *   6. `sense_key=hold%2:37:00:: | definition=maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings)` -> Mental maintenance. Incorrect.
    *   7. `sense_key=hold%2:35:03:: | definition=to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement` -> Restraining movement. Incorrect.
    *   8. `sense_key=hold%2:40:02:: | definition=secure and keep for possible future use or application` -> Retaining. Incorrect.
    *   9. `sense_key=hold%2:40:04:: | definition=have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices` -> Possessing rights. Incorrect.
    *   10. `sense_key=hold%2:35:01:: | definition=be the physical support of; carry the weight of` -> Supporting physically. Incorrect.
    *   11. `sense_key=hold%2:42:13:: | definition=contain or hold; have within` -> Containing. Incorrect.
    *   12. `sense_key=hold%2:42:05:: | definition=have room for; hold without crowding` -> Accommodating. Incorrect.
    *   13. `sense_key=hold%2:42:01:: | definition=remain in a certain state, position, or condition` -> Remaining constant. This is very close to sense 1.
    *   14. `sense_key=hold%2:35:02:: | definition=support or hold in a certain manner` -> Supporting. Incorrect.
    *   15. `sense_key=hold%2:42:02:: | definition=be valid, applicable, or true` -> Being true. Incorrect (though related to constancy, it's about validity).
    *   16. `sense_key=hold%2:31:08:: | definition=assert or affirm` -> Asserting. Incorrect.
    *   17. `sense_key=hold%2:42:07:: | definition=have as a major characteristic` -> Having a characteristic. Incorrect.
    *   18. `sense_key=hold%2:42:14:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing` -> Capacity. Incorrect.
    *   19. `sense_key=hold%2:41:00:: | definition=arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance` -> Reserving. Incorrect.
    *   20. `sense_key=hold%2:33:05:: | definition=protect against a challenge or attack` -> Defending. Incorrect.
    *   21. `sense_key=hold%2:32:13:: | definition=bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted` -> Obligating. Incorrect.
    *   22. `sense_key=hold%2:31:04:: | definition=hold the attention of` -> Attracting attention. Incorrect.
    *   23. `sense_key=hold%2:31:10:: | definition=remain committed to` -> Remaining committed. Incorrect.
    *   24. `sense_key=hold%2:42:08:: | definition=resist or confront with resistance` -> Withstanding. Incorrect.
    *   25. `sense_key=hold%2:42:04:: | definition=be pertinent or relevant or applicable` -> Being applicable. Incorrect.
    *   26. `sense_key=hold%2:42:12:: | definition=stop dealing with` -> Pausing. Incorrect.
    *   27. `sense_key=hold%2:41:15:: | definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits` -> Moderating. Incorrect.
    *   28. `sense_key=hold%2:41:13:: | definition=keep from departing` -> Restraining movement. Incorrect.
    *   29. `sense_key=hold%2:41:14:: | definition=take and maintain control over, often by violent means` -> Seizing control. Incorrect.
    *   30. `sense_key=hold%2:38:05:: | definition=cause to stop` -> Halting. Incorrect.
    *   31. `sense_key=hold%2:35:09:: | definition=cover as for protection against noise or smell` -> Covering. Incorrect.
    *   32. `sense_key=hold%2:34:00:: | definition=drink alcohol without showing ill effects` -> Tolerating. Incorrect.
    *   33. `sense_key=hold%2:33:00:: | definition=aim, point, or direct` -> Aiming. Incorrect.
    *   34. `sense_key=hold%2:32:11:: | definition=declare to be` -> Declaring. Incorrect.
    *   35. `sense_key=hold%2:32:15:: | definition=be in accord; be in agreement` -> Agreeing. Incorrect.
    *   36. `sense_key=hold%2:29:04:: | definition=keep from exhaling or expelling` -> Holding breath. Incorrect.

4.  **Compare the best candidates (1 and 13):**
    *   Sense 1: `keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=keep, maintain`
    *   Sense 13: `remain in a certain state, position, or condition`

    Both capture the meaning of "keeping constant." Sense 1 is broader and includes the concept of *maintaining* a state, which perfectly fits the statistical concept of holding variables constant. Sense 13 is very specific to *remaining* in a state. Sense 1 is the most robust fit for the technical usage "holding X constant."

5.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding <t>other</t> factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "other" based on the provided context.

Context analysis:
The text discusses political science, specifically voting patterns, staffing decisions in the Senate, and econometric investigations.
The target word "other" appears in the phrase: "holding <t>other</t> factors constant".

Let's examine the surrounding text and the meaning of "other" in this specific phrase.
"A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

In this context, "other factors" refers to variables or elements besides the state tax rate that are being controlled for in the statistical model (econometric investigation). It means "factors that are not the one currently being analyzed (state tax rate)."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
3. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening

Matching the context ("holding other factors constant") to the senses:
The meaning required is "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" (i.e., factors other than the tax rate).

Sense 1: definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied. This perfectly matches the usage in "holding other factors constant."

Sense 2: refers to the distant past. Incorrect.
Sense 3: refers to unusualness/strangeness. Incorrect.
Sense 4: refers to the recent past. Incorrect.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: factor
Target surface form: factors
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other <t>factors</t> constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=factor%1:11:00:: | definition=anything that contributes causally to a result | examples=a number of factors determined the outcome
2. sense_key=factor%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract part of something | synonyms=component, constituent, element, ingredient | examples=jealousy was a component of his character; two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony
3. sense_key=factor%1:23:00:: | definition=one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer | synonyms=divisor | examples=what are the 4 factors of 6?
4. sense_key=factor%1:18:00:: | definition=a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission | synonyms=agent, broker
5. sense_key=factor%1:23:01:: | definition=any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
6. sense_key=factor%1:09:01:: | definition=an independent variable in statistics
7. sense_key=factor%1:08:00:: | definition=(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity | synonyms=gene, cistron | examples=genes were formerly called factors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: `factor`
    *   Target surface form: `factors`
    *   Context snippet: "A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other <t>factors</t> constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   The phrase "holding other factors constant" is a key indicator. This phrase is standard terminology in statistics and econometrics, referring to variables that are controlled for in a model.

2.  **Examine the candidate senses:**

    *   1. `factor%1:11:00`: anything that contributes causally to a result. (General causal influence)
    *   2. `factor%1:09:00`: an abstract part of something. (Component, element)
    *   3. `factor%1:23:00`: one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer. (Math divisor)
    *   4. `factor%1:18:00`: a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission. (Broker/Agent)
    *   5. `factor%1:23:01`: any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together. (Math product component)
    *   6. `factor%1:09:01`: an independent variable in statistics. (Specific statistical term)
    *   7. `factor%1:08:00`: (genetics) a segment of DNA... (Biological unit of heredity)

3.  **Match context to senses:**
    *   The context is an "econometric investigation" and uses the phrase "holding other factors constant."
    *   This strongly points to a statistical or mathematical meaning.
    *   Sense 6 (`factor%1:09:01`: an independent variable in statistics) is the most precise fit for the phrase "holding other factors constant" in an econometric study.
    *   Sense 1 (causal contributor) is too general, although related. Sense 6 is the technical term used in this specific field (econometrics/statistics).

4.  **Select the best sense:** Sense 6 is the most accurate and specific interpretation of `factors` in the context of an econometric investigation.

5.  **Format the output:** Return the JSON object with the correct sense index.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: constant
Target surface form: constant
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors <t>constant</t>, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=constant%5:00:00:invariable:00 | definition=unvarying in nature | synonyms=changeless, invariant, unvarying | examples=maintained a constant temperature; principles of unvarying validity
2. sense_key=constant%3:00:00:: | definition=steadfast in purpose or devotion or affection | examples=a man constant in adherence to his ideals; a constant lover
3. sense_key=constant%5:00:00:continuous:01 | definition=uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing | synonyms=ceaseless, incessant, never-ending, perpetual, unceasing, unremitting | examples=the ceaseless thunder of surf; in constant pain

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "constant" in the provided context.

Context snippet: "A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors <t>constant</t>, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

The phrase is "holding other factors constant".

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=constant%5:00:00:invariable:00** | definition=unvarying in nature | synonyms=changeless, invariant, unvarying | examples=maintained a constant temperature; principles of unvarying validity
2. **sense_key=constant%3:00:00::** | definition=steadfast in purpose or devotion or affection | examples=a man constant in adherence to his ideals; a constant lover
3. **sense_key=constant%5:00:00:continuous:01** | definition=uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing | synonyms=ceaseless, incessant, never-ending, perpetual, unceasing, unremitting | examples=the ceaseless thunder of surf; in constant pain

In the context "holding other factors constant," the phrase means that the influence of those other factors is being held fixed or unchanged while observing the relationship between the state tax rate and the voting differences.

*   Sense 1 (invariable/unvarying): This fits perfectly. "Holding factors constant" means treating them as invariant or unchanging variables in an analysis.
*   Sense 2 (steadfast/devotion): This relates to emotional or moral consistency and is irrelevant here.
*   Sense 3 (continuous/uninterrupted): This relates to duration in time (e.g., constant pain, constant flow) and is irrelevant here.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index. Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: difference
Target surface form: difference
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the <t>difference</t> between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
4. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference
5. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target word: "difference"
    *   Context sentences containing the target word:
        *   "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing **differences** noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff." (Plural form, but the meaning is relevant)
        *   "Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the **difference** between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-."
        *   "A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the <t>**difference**</t> between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

2.  **Determine the meaning of "difference" in the context:**
    *   In the second and third examples, "difference" is used mathematically/statistically. It refers to the result of subtracting one value (e.g., popular votes for presidential candidates) from another value (e.g., popular votes for senatorial candidates).
    *   The context is econometric/political science, dealing with quantitative comparisons between two variables or groups.

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **1. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock**
        *   *Fit:* This is a general sense of contrast. It fits the first sentence ("personal staffing differences"). It also fits the idea of comparing two things (e.g., the difference between two voting patterns).
    *   **2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean**
        *   *Fit:* This relates to variation, which is related to difference, but the context here is specifically about the *gap* between two measured points, not necessarily a deviation from a single norm.
    *   **3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences**
        *   *Fit:* No. The context is quantitative, not argumentative.
    *   **4. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference**
        *   *Fit:* This refers to change over time or magnitude. While the first sentence mentions "changes," the specific instances of "difference" (e.g., "the difference between popular votes") refer to a static gap or magnitude, not necessarily a change itself.
    *   **5. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder**
        *   *Fit:* This is the precise mathematical definition of the result of subtraction (the difference). This perfectly matches the usage in the sentences: "the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates."

4.  **Select the best sense:**
    *   While Sense 1 (dissimilarity) is broadly applicable to comparison, Sense 5 (the result of subtraction/the gap between two numbers) is the most precise and technically accurate fit for the specific econometric/statistical usage presented in the core examples ("the difference between X and Y").

5.  **Final check:** The context uses "difference" as a measurable quantity resulting from comparing two data points (e.g., Vote A minus Vote B). Sense 5 captures this meaning exactly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: state
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a <t>state</t>'s major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "state" based on the provided context.

Context analysis:
The text discusses political science, elections, and government structures.
Key phrases:
1. "Senate between 1986 and 1987" (Federal level)
2. "Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status"
3. "Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election"
4. "tax burden is per state"
5. "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."
6. "State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse."
7. "A cross-state econometric investigation... the difference between a <t>state</t>'s major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."
8. "at both the federal and state government levels"

The word "state" consistently refers to a political subdivision of the US (e.g., California, Texas, New York), which has its own government (state government, state house, state tax rate).

Candidate senses analysis:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south. (Matches the political subdivision concept.)
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health. (Abstract condition/manner. Incorrect.)
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax. (Refers to the governing body/people. Possible, but less precise than the political entity itself.)
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations. (Refers to a sovereign nation/country. While US states are political bodies, the context refers to specific US administrative units, not sovereign nations.)
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter... (Chemistry. Incorrect.)
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation. (Emotional condition. Incorrect.)
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries. (Refers to a nation/country, usually larger than a US state. Less precise than sense 1.)
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789. (Specific US government department. Incorrect.)

Comparison of best candidates (1, 3, 4, 7):
The context clearly refers to US political subdivisions (e.g., "state government," "state tax rate," "states conducting a Senate election").

Sense 1: "the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation." This perfectly describes a US state.
Sense 4: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" (Synonyms include nation/country). This is too broad and usually implies a sovereign entity, whereas the context refers to sub-national units.
Sense 7: "the territory occupied by a nation" (Synonyms include country/land). This refers to a nation, not a state within a nation.
Sense 3: "the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state." While technically true, the context uses "state" to refer to the entity itself (e.g., "a state's major-party vote," "state tax rate"), not just the people who govern it.

Sense 1 is the most accurate and precise fit for the usage of "state" in the context of US political geography and administration.

Final selection: sense_key=state%1:15:01.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: major
Target surface form: major
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's <t>major</t> - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=major%3:00:06:: | definition=of greater importance or stature or rank | examples=a major artist; a major role
2. sense_key=major%3:00:02:: | definition=greater in scope or effect | examples=a major contribution; a major improvement
3. sense_key=major%3:00:01:: | definition=greater in number or size or amount | examples=a major portion (a majority) of the population; Ursa Major
4. sense_key=major%3:00:05:: | definition=of the field of academic study in which one concentrates or specializes | examples=his major field was mathematics
5. sense_key=major%3:00:04:: | definition=of a scale or mode | examples=major scales; the key of D major
6. sense_key=major%3:00:07:: | definition=of greater seriousness or danger | examples=a major earthquake; a major hurricane
7. sense_key=major%3:00:03:: | definition=of full legal age
8. sense_key=major%5:00:00:senior:00 | definition=of the elder of two boys with the same family name | examples=Jones major

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "major" based on the provided context.

Context snippet: "A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's <t>major</t> - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

Target word: major

Analysis of the context:
The phrase is "a state's major-party vote".
This phrase refers to the vote cast for the dominant political party in that state (the majority party).
The context is about political voting patterns and state-level elections (gubernatorial candidate, state house).

Analysis of candidate senses:
1. sense_key=major%3:00:06: of greater importance or stature or rank (e.g., major artist) - Unlikely in this political context.
2. sense_key=major%3:00:02: greater in scope or effect (e.g., major contribution) - Unlikely.
3. sense_key=major%3:00:01: greater in number or size or amount (e.g., a major portion (a majority) of the population) - This aligns perfectly with "major-party vote," where "major" means the majority or largest group/party.
4. sense_key=major%3:00:05: of the field of academic study (e.g., his major field) - Irrelevant.
5. sense_key=major%3:00:04: of a scale or mode (e.g., major scales) - Irrelevant.
6. sense_key=major%3:00:07: of greater seriousness or danger (e.g., major earthquake) - Irrelevant.
7. sense_key=major%3:00:03: of full legal age - Irrelevant.
8. sense_key=major%5:00:00:senior:00: of the elder of two boys (e.g., Jones major) - Irrelevant.

Conclusion: The sense that means "majority" or "largest portion" (sense 3) is the correct fit for "major-party vote."

I must return the JSON object with the correct sense index.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: party
Target surface form: party
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - <t>party</t> vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=party%1:14:01:: | definition=an organization to gain political power | synonyms=political party | examples=in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level
2. sense_key=party%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people gathered together for pleasure | examples=she joined the party after dinner
3. sense_key=party%1:14:02:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=company | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
4. sense_key=party%1:11:00:: | definition=an occasion on which people can assemble for social interaction and entertainment | examples=he planned a party to celebrate Bastille Day
5. sense_key=party%1:18:00:: | definition=a person involved in legal proceedings | examples=the party of the first part

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "party" based on the provided context.

Context analysis:
The text discusses political science, specifically voting behavior, Senate elections, Republican/Democratic candidates, and state government lines.
Key phrases:
1. "when control of that body changed party hands"
2. "due to their majority - party status"
3. "A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - <t>party</t> vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate..."
4. "In sum, at both the federal and state government levels..."

The word "party" consistently refers to a political organization or affiliation (e.g., Democratic, Republican).

Candidate senses analysis:
1. sense_key=party%1:14:01:: | definition=an organization to gain political power | synonyms=political party | examples=in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level
2. sense_key=party%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people gathered together for pleasure | examples=she joined the party after dinner
3. sense_key=party%1:14:02:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=company | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
4. sense_key=party%1:11:00:: | definition=an occasion on which people can assemble for social interaction and entertainment | examples=he planned a party to celebrate Bastille Day
5. sense_key=party%1:18:00:: | definition=a person involved in legal proceedings | examples=the party of the first part

Matching:
The context clearly relates to political organizations ("Republican gubernatorial candidate," "Democratic-legislature lines," "party hands").
Sense 1: "an organization to gain political power" matches this perfectly.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vote
Target surface form: vote
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party <t>vote</t> going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: | definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: | definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: | definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: | definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "vote" based on the provided context.

Context snippet containing the target word:
"A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party <t>vote</t> going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

Target word: vote

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vote%1:04:00:: | definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. sense_key=vote%1:04:01:: | definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. sense_key=vote%1:07:00:: | definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. sense_key=vote%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. sense_key=vote%1:09:00:: | definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

Analysis of the context:
The phrase is "a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate".
This refers to the outcome or preference of the majority of voters (the major party) in a state, specifically regarding the gubernatorial candidate. It is not about the right to vote (sense 3), nor is it the total turnout (sense 5), nor is it a specific group of voters (sense 4). It describes the collective choice or preference of the majority party electorate.

Comparing with senses:
1. Sense 1 (a choice made by counting): This fits the idea of a choice/ballot, but the context refers to the *result* of the major party's preference, not the act of counting or a single ballot.
2. Sense 2 (the opinion of a group as determined by voting): This aligns well. "Major-party vote going to X" means the opinion/preference of the major party electorate is X.
3. Sense 3 (legal right): Incorrect.
4. Sense 4 (body of voters): Incorrect.
5. Sense 5 (turnout): Incorrect.

Sense 2, "the opinion of a group as determined by voting," is the best fit for describing the collective preference or outcome of a major party electorate ("major-party vote going to...").

Therefore, sense_key=vote%1:04:01 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: go
Target surface form: going
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote <t>going</t> to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=go%2:38:00:: | definition=change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically | synonyms=travel, move, locomote | examples=How fast does your new car go?; We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus
2. sense_key=go%2:41:00:: | definition=follow a procedure or take a course | synonyms=proceed, move | examples=We should go farther in this matter; She went through a lot of trouble
3. sense_key=go%2:38:01:: | definition=move away from a place into another direction | synonyms=go away, depart | examples=Go away before I start to cry; The train departs at noon
4. sense_key=go%2:30:04:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=become, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
5. sense_key=go%2:42:06:: | definition=be awarded; be allotted | examples=The first prize goes to Mary; Her money went on clothes
6. sense_key=go%2:42:02:: | definition=have a particular form | synonyms=run | examples=the story or argument runs as follows; as the saying goes...
7. sense_key=go%2:42:00:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=run, pass, lead, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
8. sense_key=go%2:30:01:: | definition=follow a certain course | synonyms=proceed | examples=The inauguration went well; how did your interview go?
9. sense_key=go%2:30:08:: | definition=be abolished or discarded | examples=These ugly billboards have to go!; These luxuries all had to go under the Khmer Rouge
10. sense_key=go%2:42:07:: | definition=be or continue to be in a certain condition | examples=The children went hungry that day
11. sense_key=go%2:39:00:: | definition=make a certain noise or sound | synonyms=sound | examples=She went `Mmmmm'; The gun went `bang'
12. sense_key=go%2:35:00:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, work, operate, run | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
13. sense_key=go%2:34:00:: | definition=to be spent or finished | synonyms=run low, run short | examples=The money had gone after a few days; Gas is running low at the gas stations in the Midwest
14. sense_key=go%2:30:02:: | definition=progress by being changed | synonyms=move, run | examples=The speech has to go through several more drafts; run through your presentation before the meeting
15. sense_key=go%2:42:14:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, last, live, live on, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
16. sense_key=go%2:42:03:: | definition=pass, fare, or elapse; of a certain state of affairs or action | examples=How is it going?; The day went well until I got your call
17. sense_key=go%2:30:00:: | definition=pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life | synonyms=die, decease, perish, exit, pass away, expire | examples=She died from cancer; The children perished in the fire
18. sense_key=go%2:42:04:: | definition=be in the right place or situation | synonyms=belong | examples=Where do these books belong?; Let's put health care where it belongs--under the control of the government
19. sense_key=go%2:42:10:: | definition=be ranked or compare | examples=This violinist is as good as Juilliard-trained violinists go
20. sense_key=go%2:38:09:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=start, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
21. sense_key=go%2:33:00:: | definition=have a turn; make one's move in a game | synonyms=move | examples=Can I go now?
22. sense_key=go%2:42:13:: | definition=be contained in | examples=How many times does 18 go into 54?
23. sense_key=go%2:42:12:: | definition=be sounded, played, or expressed | examples=How does this song go again?
24. sense_key=go%2:42:11:: | definition=blend or harmonize | synonyms=blend, blend in | examples=This flavor will blend with those in your dish; This sofa won't go with the chairs
25. sense_key=go%2:42:08:: | definition=lead, extend, or afford access | synonyms=lead | examples=This door goes to the basement; The road runs South
26. sense_key=go%2:42:05:: | definition=be the right size or shape; fit correctly or as desired | synonyms=fit | examples=This piece won't fit into the puzzle
27. sense_key=go%2:35:13:: | definition=go through in search of something; search through someone's belongings in an unauthorized way | synonyms=rifle | examples=Who rifled through my desk drawers?
28. sense_key=go%2:34:09:: | definition=be spent | examples=All my money went for food and rent
29. sense_key=go%2:31:12:: | definition=give support (to) or make a choice (of) one out of a group or number | synonyms=plump | examples=I plumped for the losing candidates
30. sense_key=go%2:30:03:: | definition=stop operating or functioning | synonyms=fail, go bad, give way, die, give out, conk out | examples=The engine finally went; The car died on the road

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "going" (a present participle of "go") based on the provided context.

Context snippet: "A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote <t>going</t> to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

Target word: going
Lemma: go

Analysis of the context:
The phrase is "a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate".
Here, "going to" describes the direction or destination of the vote. The vote is being cast *for* or *towards* the Republican candidate.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=go%2:38:00:: | definition=change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically | synonyms=travel, move, locomote | examples=How fast does your new car go?; We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus
    * This sense relates to movement or proceeding. A vote "going to" a candidate fits this metaphorical movement/direction.

2. sense_key=go%2:41:00:: | definition=follow a procedure or take a course | synonyms=proceed, move | examples=We should go farther in this matter; She went through a lot of trouble
    * This is about following a course of action, less about the direction of a vote.

3. sense_key=go%2:38:01:: | definition=move away from a place into another direction | synonyms=go away, depart | examples=Go away before I start to cry; The train departs at noon
    * This implies departure, which is the opposite of the vote moving *to* the candidate.

4. sense_key=go%2:30:04:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=become, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
    * Not applicable.

5. sense_key=go%2:42:06:: | definition=be awarded; be allotted | examples=The first prize goes to Mary; Her money went on clothes
    * Not applicable.

6. sense_key=go%2:42:02:: | definition=have a particular form | synonyms=run | examples=the story or argument runs as follows; as the saying goes...
    * Not applicable.

7. sense_key=go%2:42:00:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=run, pass, lead, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
    * While "go far" is related, the context is about direction/destination of a vote, not extent.

8. sense_key=go%2:30:01:: | definition=follow a certain course | synonyms=proceed | examples=The inauguration went well; how did your interview go?
    * Similar to sense 2, but less focused on directional movement.

9. sense_key=go%2:30:08:: | definition=be abolished or discarded | examples=These ugly billboards have to go!; These luxuries all had to go under the Khmer Rouge
    * Not applicable.

10. sense_key=go%2:42:07:: | definition=be or continue to be in a certain condition | examples=The children went hungry that day
    * Not applicable.

11. sense_key=go%2:39:00:: | definition=make a certain noise or sound | synonyms=sound | examples=She went `Mmmmm'; The gun went `bang'
    * Not applicable.

12. sense_key=go%2:35:00:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, work, operate, run | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
    * Not applicable.

13. sense_key=go%2:34:00:: | definition=to be spent or finished | synonyms=run low, run short | examples=The money had gone after a few days; Gas is running low at the gas stations in the Midwest
    * Not applicable.

14. sense_key=go%2:30:02:: | definition=progress by being changed | synonyms=move, run | examples=The speech has to go through several more drafts; run through your presentation before the meeting
    * This is about process/change, not directional movement of a vote.

15. sense_key=go%2:42:14:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, last, live, live on, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
    * Not applicable.

16. sense_key=go%2:42:03:: | definition=pass, fare, or elapse; of a certain state of affairs or action | examples=How is it going?; The day went well until I got your call
    * This is about the state of affairs, not the direction of a vote.

17. sense_key=go%2:30:00:: | definition=pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life | synonyms=die, decease, perish, exit, pass away, expire
    * Not applicable.

18. sense_key=go%2:42:04:: | definition=be in the right place or situation | synonyms=belong | examples=Where do these books belong?; Let's put health care where it belongs--under the control of the government
    * Not applicable.

19. sense_key=go%2:42:10:: | definition=be ranked or compare | examples=This violinist is as good as Juilliard-trained violinists go
    * Not applicable.

20. sense_key=go%2:38:09:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=start, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
    * Not applicable.

21. sense_key=go%2:33:00:: | definition=have a turn; make one's move in a game | synonyms=move | examples=Can I go now?
    * Not applicable.

22. sense_key=go%2:42:13:: | definition=be contained in | examples=How many times does 18 go into 54?
    * Not applicable.

23. sense_key=go%2:42:12:: | definition=be sounded, played, or expressed | examples=How does this song go again?
    * Not applicable.

24. sense_key=go%2:42:11:: | definition=blend or harmonize | synonyms=blend, blend in | examples=This flavor will blend with those in your dish; This sofa won't go with the chairs
    * Not applicable.

25. sense_key=go%2:42:08:: | definition=lead, extend, or afford access | synonyms=lead | examples=This door goes to the basement; The road runs South
    * This sense involves directional movement/leading to a place. This is very close to sense 1.

26. sense_key=go%2:42:05:: | definition=be the right size or shape; fit correctly or as desired | synonyms=fit | examples=This piece won't fit into the puzzle
    * Not applicable.

27. sense_key=go%2:35:13:: | definition=go through in search of something; search through someone's belongings in an unauthorized way | synonyms=rifle | examples=Who rifled through my desk drawers?
    * Not applicable.

28. sense_key=go%2:34:09:: | definition=be spent | examples=All my money went for food and rent
    * Not applicable.

29. sense_key=go%2:31:12:: | definition=give support (to) or make a choice (of) one out of a group or number | synonyms=plump | examples=I plumped for the losing candidates
    * Not applicable.

30. sense_key=go%2:30:03:: | definition=stop operating or functioning | synonyms=fail, go bad, give way, die, give out, conk out | examples=The engine finally went; The car died on the road
    * Not applicable.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 25:
Sense 1: change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically. (General movement/proceeding)
Sense 25: lead, extend, or afford access. (Directional leading)

The phrase "vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate" is a metaphorical movement of support/direction.
Sense 1, "move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically," captures this best. The vote is proceeding/moving towards the candidate.
Sense 25, "lead, extend, or afford access," is more about physical paths (like a door leading to a basement or a road leading South).

Sense 1 is the most appropriate fit for the metaphorical direction of a vote.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the <t>Republican</t> gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "Republican" based on the provided context.

Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context analysis:
The context discusses political science, elections, and party affiliation in the US Senate and state government.
Key phrases:
1. "control of that body changed party hands"
2. "disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status"
3. "difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates"
4. "GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate"
5. "State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse."
6. "the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the <t>Republican</t> gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

The usage of "Republican" consistently refers to a political party (the Republican Party, GOP) and its candidates/members (Republican senator, Republican gubernatorial candidate).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Comparison:
Sense 1 clearly relates to the political party (Republican Party), which matches the context perfectly (Republican candidates, Republican-governor, GOP).
Sense 2 relates to the concept of republicanism (a form of government based on citizen power), which is a different, though related, political concept. The context is about *party* affiliation, not the *form* of government itself.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidate
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial <t>candidate</t> and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "candidate" based on the provided context.

Context analysis:
The text discusses political science, specifically voting patterns, party control, and election results at both federal and state levels.

Key sentences containing "candidate":
1. "the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state"
2. "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
3. "A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial <t>candidate</t> and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

The word "candidate" is consistently used in the context of elections (presidential, senatorial, gubernatorial) and political office seeking.

Candidate senses provided:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Evaluation:
In the context of "Republican presidential and senatorial candidates," "GOP candidates for president," and "Republican gubernatorial candidate," the individuals are actively running for public office.

Sense 1: "a politician who is running for public office" matches this usage perfectly. Synonyms like "campaigner" and "nominee" reinforce this political context.
Sense 2: "someone who is considered for something" is too general. While a candidate is considered, the specific context here refers to the active participants in the election process.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index. Since the provided senses are numbered 1 and 2, I will use the corresponding index.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the <t>Republican</t> share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "Republican" based on the provided context.

Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context snippet containing the target word: "A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the <t>Republican</t> share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Analysis of the context:
The context discusses political elections, candidates, and party affiliation:
1. "control of that body changed party hands"
2. "disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status"
3. "difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates"
4. "GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate"
5. "State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines"
6. The target sentence: "...the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the <t>Republican</t> share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

In the target sentence, "Republican gubernatorial candidate" and "Republican share of the lower state house" clearly refer to candidates and representatives belonging to the Republican political party.

Evaluation of senses:
Sense 1: "relating to or belonging to the Republican Party". This perfectly matches the usage in the context (Republican candidates, Republican share).
Sense 2: "having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote... characteristic of such government" (referring to republicanism/republican form of government). This sense is about political ideology or governmental structure, not party affiliation, and does not fit the context of candidates and party shares.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: share
Target surface form: share
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican <t>share</t> of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=share%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=portion, part, percentage | examples=he wanted his share in cash
2. sense_key=share%1:21:01:: | definition=any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided and ownership of which is evidenced by a stock certificate | examples=he bought 100 shares of IBM at the market price
3. sense_key=share%1:04:00:: | definition=the allotment of some amount by dividing something | synonyms=parcel, portion | examples=death gets more than its share of attention from theologians
4. sense_key=share%1:04:01:: | definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=contribution, part | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work
5. sense_key=share%1:06:00:: | definition=a sharp steel wedge that cuts loose the top layer of soil | synonyms=plowshare, ploughshare

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "share" based on the provided context.

Context snippet:
"A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican <t>share</t> of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."

Target word: "share"

Analysis of the context:
The sentence compares two things:
1. "a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate" (a percentage or proportion of the vote).
2. "the Republican <t>share</t> of the lower state house" (a proportion of seats/representation in the lower state house).

The word "share" here refers to the proportion or percentage of representation held by the Republican party in the lower state house.

Analysis of candidate senses:
1. sense_key=share%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=portion, part, percentage | examples=he wanted his share in cash
    * This sense relates to ownership or entitlement (assets). While "portion" and "percentage" are synonyms, the context is about political representation, not financial assets.
2. sense_key=share%1:21:01:: | definition=any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided and ownership of which is evidenced by a stock certificate | examples=he bought 100 shares of IBM at the market price
    * This is specifically about stock/finance. Not relevant here.
3. sense_key=share%1:04:00:: | definition=the allotment of some amount by dividing something | synonyms=parcel, portion | examples=death gets more than its share of attention from theologians
    * This sense relates to the division or allotment of something (like attention, or in this case, seats/votes). This fits the idea of a proportion or part of a whole (the lower state house).
4. sense_key=share%1:04:01:: | definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=contribution, part | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work
    * This sense relates to contribution or role. Not relevant here (it's about political representation, not contribution to a result).
5. sense_key=share%1:06:00:: | definition=a sharp steel wedge that cuts loose the top layer of soil | synonyms=plowshare, ploughshare
    * This is a literal farming tool. Not relevant.

Comparison:
The context requires "share" to mean the proportion of seats held by the Republican party in the lower state house.
Sense 3: "the allotment of some amount by dividing something." This perfectly captures the meaning of a proportion or percentage of seats.

Therefore, sense_key=share%1:04:00 is the best fit.