[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: master
Target surface form: master
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, <t>master</t> of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=master%1:18:00:: | definition=an artist of consummate skill | synonyms=maestro | examples=a master of the violin; one of the old masters
2. sense_key=master%1:18:04:: | definition=a person who has general authority over others | synonyms=overlord, lord
3. sense_key=master%1:18:01:: | definition=a combatant who is able to defeat rivals | synonyms=victor, superior
4. sense_key=master%1:18:03:: | definition=directs the work of others
5. sense_key=master%1:18:06:: | definition=presiding officer of a school | synonyms=headmaster, schoolmaster
6. sense_key=master%1:06:00:: | definition=an original creation (i.e., an audio recording) from which copies can be made | synonyms=master copy, original
7. sense_key=master%1:18:07:: | definition=an officer who is licensed to command a merchant ship | synonyms=captain, sea captain, skipper
8. sense_key=master%1:18:05:: | definition=someone who holds a master's degree from academic institution
9. sense_key=master%1:18:02:: | definition=an authority qualified to teach apprentices | synonyms=professional
10. sense_key=master%1:06:01:: | definition=key that secures entrance everywhere | synonyms=passkey, passe-partout, master key

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "master" in the given context.

Context:
"Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, <t>master</t> of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."

Target word: master

Analysis of the context:
Stephanie Pattenden is identified as a "master of the band at St. Mary Abbot" and "one of England's best female ringers."
The phrase "master of the band" suggests a role of high skill, leadership, or expertise within the group (the band of ringers).

Analysis of candidate senses:
1. sense_key=master%1:18:00:: | definition=an artist of consummate skill | synonyms=maestro | examples=a master of the violin; one of the old masters
2. sense_key=master%1:18:04:: | definition=a person who has general authority over others | synonyms=overlord, lord
3. sense_key=master%1:18:01:: | definition=a combatant who is able to defeat rivals | synonyms=victor, superior
4. sense_key=master%1:18:03:: | definition=directs the work of others
5. sense_key=master%1:18:06:: | definition=presiding officer of a school | synonyms=headmaster, schoolmaster
6. sense_key=master%1:06:00:: | definition=an original creation (i.e., an audio recording) from which copies can be made | synonyms=master copy, original
7. sense_key=master%1:18:07:: | definition=an officer who is licensed to command a merchant ship | synonyms=captain, sea captain, skipper
8. sense_key=master%1:18:05:: | definition=someone who holds a master's degree from academic institution
9. sense_key=master%1:18:02:: | definition=an authority qualified to teach apprentices | synonyms=professional
10. sense_key=master%1:06:01:: | definition=key that secures entrance everywhere | synonyms=passkey, passe-partout, master key

Matching the context ("master of the band" + "one of England's best female ringers"):
The context strongly suggests that "master" refers to someone highly skilled or an expert in the art of ringing/leading the band.

Sense 1: "an artist of consummate skill" (synonyms: maestro). This fits perfectly with being "one of England's best female ringers" and being the "master of the band."
Sense 2: "general authority over others." While a band leader has authority, the emphasis here is on skill ("best female ringers"), making Sense 1 a stronger fit.
Sense 4: "directs the work of others." This is related to leadership, but Sense 1 captures the nuance of high artistic/technical skill better.

Sense 1 is the best fit.

Final check:
Context: master of the band / one of England's best female ringers.
Sense 1: an artist of consummate skill / maestro.
This is a strong match.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: best
Target surface form: best
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's <t>best</t> female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=best%3:00:00:: | definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year; the best solution
2. sense_key=best%5:00:00:advisable:00 | definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=better | examples=it would be better to speak to him; the White House thought it best not to respond
3. sense_key=good%3:00:01:: | definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | synonyms=good | examples=good news from the hospital; a good report card
4. sense_key=full%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | synonyms=full, good | examples=gives full measure; gives good measure
5. sense_key=good%3:00:02:: | definition=morally admirable | synonyms=good
6. sense_key=estimable%5:00:00:reputable:00 | definition=deserving of esteem and respect | synonyms=estimable, good, honorable, respectable | examples=all respectable companies give guarantees; ruined the family's good name
7. sense_key=beneficial%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=promoting or enhancing well-being | synonyms=beneficial, good | examples=an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries; the beneficial effects of a temperate climate
8. sense_key=good%5:00:00:nice:00 | definition=agreeable or pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=we all had a good time; good manners
9. sense_key=good%5:00:00:righteous:00 | definition=of moral excellence | synonyms=good, just, upright | examples=a genuinely good person; a just cause
10. sense_key=adept%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful | examples=adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler
11. sense_key=good%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=thorough | synonyms=good | examples=had a good workout; gave the house a good cleaning
12. sense_key=dear%5:00:00:close:02 | definition=with or in a close or intimate relationship | synonyms=dear, good, near | examples=a good friend; my sisters and brothers are near and dear
13. sense_key=dependable%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially sound | synonyms=dependable, good, safe, secure | examples=a good investment; a secure investment
14. sense_key=good%5:00:00:opportune:00 | definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | synonyms=good, right, ripe | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes; the right time to act
15. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=resulting favorably | synonyms=good, well | examples=it's a good thing that I wasn't there; it is good that you stayed
16. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=effective, good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
17. sense_key=good%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=capable of pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=good looks
18. sense_key=good%5:00:00:intellectual:00 | definition=appealing to the mind | synonyms=good, serious | examples=good music; a serious book
19. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=in excellent physical condition | synonyms=good, sound | examples=good teeth; I still have one good leg
20. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthful:00 | definition=tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health | synonyms=good, salutary | examples=beneficial effects of a balanced diet; a good night's sleep
21. sense_key=good%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=not forged | synonyms=good, honest | examples=a good dollar bill
22. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fresh:01 | definition=not left to spoil | synonyms=good, undecomposed, unspoiled, unspoilt | examples=the meat is still good
23. sense_key=good%5:00:00:discriminating:00 | definition=generally admired | synonyms=good | examples=good taste

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "best" in the given context.

Context: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's <t>best</t> female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."

Target word: best
Collocates: England's, female ringers.

The word "best" is used here as a superlative adjective modifying "female ringers." It implies that these ringers are among the most highly skilled or proficient in their field.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=best%3:00:00:: | definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year; the best solution
2. sense_key=best%5:00:00:advisable:00 | definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=better | examples=it would be better to speak to him; the White House thought it best not to respond
3. sense_key=good%3:00:01:: | definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | synonyms=good | examples=good news from the hospital; a good report card
...
10. sense_key=adept%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful | examples=adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler

The context refers to "female ringers," who are described as having a high level of skill ("master of the band," "obsession," "intricate ritual faultlessly performed"). Therefore, "best" here means most skilled or most proficient.

Sense 1 (superlative of 'good') is general, but Sense 10 (adept/skilled) is highly specific to the context of performance and ability.

Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 10.
Sense 1: "having the most positive qualities." This is broad.
Sense 10: "having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude." This directly relates to being a highly competent performer (a "ringer").

Since the context is about professional performance (ringing), the meaning of "best" is clearly related to skill and expertise. Sense 10 captures this nuance much better than the general superlative sense (Sense 1).

Therefore, Sense 10 is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: female
Target surface form: female
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best <t>female</t> ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=female%3:00:00:: | definition=being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop | examples=a female heir; female holly trees bear the berries
2. sense_key=female%5:00:02:feminine:01 | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to a woman | synonyms=distaff | examples=female sensitiveness; female suffrage
3. sense_key=female%5:00:01:female:00 | definition=for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls | examples=the female lead in the play; a female chorus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "female" in the given context.

Context: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best <t>female</t> ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."

Target word: female

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=female%3:00:00:: | definition=being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop | examples=a female heir; female holly trees bear the berries (Biological sex/gender)
2. sense_key=female%5:00:02:feminine:01 | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to a woman | synonyms=distaff | examples=female sensitiveness; female suffrage (Adjective describing traits/qualities)
3. sense_key=female%5:00:01:female:00 | definition=for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls | examples=the female lead in the play; a female chorus (Adjective referring to group composition/gender)

Analysis:
The word "female" modifies "ringers."
"Stephanie Pattenden... and one of England's best female ringers."
A "ringer" is a person who rings bells.
The context refers to Stephanie Pattenden, who is a master of the band. The term "female ringers" refers to women who are skilled at ringing bells.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. Sense 1 (Biological sex): While a person is biologically female, this sense is usually used in a more scientific or biological context (e.g., "female animal"). It's too narrow for describing a group of people in a performance context, unless the context was explicitly biological.
2. Sense 2 (Characteristic of a woman): This sense describes traits ("female sensitiveness"). While a woman possesses these traits, using it to describe a person's role ("female ringers") is awkward and less precise than describing their gender composition.
3. Sense 3 (For or pertaining to or composed of women or girls): This sense perfectly fits the context. "Female ringers" means ringers who are women. This describes the composition of the group.

Conclusion: Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female <t>ringers</t>. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "ringers" based on the provided context.
The target lemma is "ringer".
The context describes people who are involved in the activity of "ringing" bells in a belfry.
Key phrases in the context:
1. "Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly..."
2. "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change."
3. "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion...'"
4. "one of England's best female ringers."

I need to evaluate the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer**
   * This matches the context perfectly. The context is entirely about the activity of ringing church bells in a tower/belfry.

2. **sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone**
   * This refers to a lookalike. The context is about bell ringing. This is incorrect.

3. **sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses**
   * This refers to a cheat or impostor. The context is about skilled bell ringers. This is incorrect.

4. **sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg**
   * This refers to the act of encircling a stake (like in ring toss/quoits). The context is about people operating bells. This is incorrect.

The best sense is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: passion
Target surface form: passion
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a <t>passion</t> that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=passion%1:12:00:: | definition=a strong feeling or emotion | synonyms=passionateness
2. sense_key=passion%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being intensely emotional | synonyms=heat, warmth
3. sense_key=passion%1:26:01:: | definition=something that is desired intensely | synonyms=rage | examples=his rage for fame destroyed him
4. sense_key=passion%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action | synonyms=mania, cacoethes
5. sense_key=passion%1:12:02:: | definition=a feeling of strong sexual desire
6. sense_key=passion%1:09:00:: | definition=any object of warm affection or devotion | synonyms=love | examples=the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting
7. sense_key=passion%1:26:02:: | definition=the suffering of Jesus at the Crucifixion | synonyms=Passion of Christ

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "passion" in the given context.

Context: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.' 'Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.' 'Ringing does become a bit of an obsession,' admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a <t>passion</t> that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

The target word is "passion" (the second instance, but the meaning is consistent).

Let's analyze the context surrounding the target word:
1. Dorothy L. Sayers describes ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."
2. The context discusses the activity of "ringing" (church bells).
3. The subsequent sentence says, "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."

The word "passion" here refers to the intense dedication, enthusiasm, or deep interest in the activity of ringing bells.

Now let's evaluate the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=passion%1:12:00:: | definition=a strong feeling or emotion | synonyms=passionateness. (General strong feeling. Plausible, but maybe too broad.)
2. sense_key=passion%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being intensely emotional | synonyms=heat, warmth. (Focuses on emotional state, not necessarily the object of devotion/activity.)
3. sense_key=passion%1:26:01:: | definition=something that is desired intensely | synonyms=rage | examples=his rage for fame destroyed him. (This sense relates to intense desire, often negative or destructive, like rage. While the dedication is intense, "rage" doesn't fit the context of skilled, ritualistic ringing.)
4. sense_key=passion%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action | synonyms=mania, cacoethes. (Suggests irrationality, which contradicts the description of "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.")
5. sense_key=passion%1:12:02:: | definition=a feeling of strong sexual desire. (Irrelevant.)
6. sense_key=passion%1:09:00:: | definition=any object of warm affection or devotion | synonyms=love | examples=the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting. (This perfectly matches the idea of intense dedication to an activity—ringing—which is described as finding satisfaction in perfection. "He has a passion for cock fighting" means he is intensely devoted to it.)
7. sense_key=passion%1:26:02:: | definition=the suffering of Jesus at the Crucifixion. (Irrelevant.)

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 6:
Sense 1 ("a strong feeling or emotion") is general.
Sense 6 ("any object of warm affection or devotion") specifically captures the idea of intense dedication *to* something (the activity of ringing), which is what the context implies ("ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction...'"). The example provided for Sense 6 ("he has a passion for cock fighting") is highly analogous to the context (intense dedication to an activity).

Therefore, Sense 6 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stay
Target surface form: stays
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually <t>stays</t> in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stay%2:30:00:: | definition=stay the same; remain in a certain state | synonyms=remain, rest | examples=The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it; rest assured
2. sense_key=stay%2:38:00:: | definition=stay put (in a certain place) | synonyms=stick, stick around, stay put | examples=We are staying in Detroit; we are not moving to Cincinnati; Stay put in the corner here!
3. sense_key=stay%2:42:01:: | definition=dwell | synonyms=bide, abide | examples=You can stay with me while you are in town; stay a bit longer--the day is still young
4. sense_key=stay%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in a place, position, or situation | synonyms=stay on, continue, remain | examples=After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please
5. sense_key=stay%2:38:01:: | definition=remain behind | examples=I had to stay at home and watch the children
6. sense_key=stay%2:30:01:: | definition=stop or halt | synonyms=detain, delay | examples=Please stay the bloodshed!
7. sense_key=stay%2:42:04:: | definition=stay behind | synonyms=persist, remain | examples=The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up
8. sense_key=stay%2:42:03:: | definition=hang on during a trial of endurance | synonyms=last out, ride out, outride | examples=ride out the storm
9. sense_key=stay%2:41:00:: | definition=stop a judicial process | examples=The judge stayed the execution order
10. sense_key=stay%2:35:00:: | definition=fasten with stays
11. sense_key=stay%2:34:00:: | definition=overcome or allay | synonyms=quell, appease | examples=quell my hunger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "stays" in the given context.
The target lemma is "stay".
The context sentence is: "It is a passion that usually <t>stays</t> in the tower, however."
The surrounding text discusses the intricate ritual of ringing church bells in a tower.

Let's analyze the context:
"It is a passion [for ringing] that usually stays in the tower, however."
The passion (the intense interest/obsession) is located or confined to the tower.

Now let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=stay%2:30:00:: | definition=stay the same; remain in a certain state | synonyms=remain, rest | (Focuses on state/condition)
2. sense_key=stay%2:38:00:: | definition=stay put (in a certain place) | synonyms=stick, stick around, stay put | (Focuses on physical location/immobility)
3. sense_key=stay%2:42:01:: | definition=dwell | synonyms=bide, abide | (Focuses on residing/living in a place)
4. sense_key=stay%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in a place, position, or situation | synonyms=stay on, continue, remain | (Focuses on persistence in a location or situation)
5. sense_key=stay%2:38:01:: | definition=remain behind | (Focuses on not moving away)
6. sense_key=stay%2:30:01:: | definition=stop or halt | synonyms=detain, delay | (Focuses on cessation of movement/action)
7. sense_key=stay%2:42:04:: | definition=stay behind | synonyms=persist, remain | (Focuses on persistence, often abstract, like a smell)
8. sense_key=stay%2:42:03:: | definition=hang on during a trial of endurance | synonyms=last out, ride out, outride | (Focuses on enduring)
9. sense_key=stay%2:41:00:: | definition=stop a judicial process | (Specific legal meaning)
10. sense_key=stay%2:35:00:: | definition=fasten with stays | (Specific physical/structural meaning)
11. sense_key=stay%2:34:00:: | definition=overcome or allay | synonyms=quell, appease | (Focuses on emotional/physical control)

The passion (an abstract concept) is located "in the tower." This suggests a sense of persistence or residence within that location.

Comparing relevant senses:
*   Sense 2 (stay put): Usually implies physical objects or people being held in place.
*   Sense 3 (dwell): Implies living or residing, often used for people or things that inhabit a space.
*   Sense 4 (continue in a place, position, or situation): This is broad and covers persistence in a location or state.
*   Sense 7 (stay behind): Focuses on persistence, often used for abstract things (smell, hostility), which fits "passion."

The passion is not necessarily *living* there (Sense 3), but rather *remaining* or *being confined* there (Sense 4 or 7).

Sense 4: "continue in a place, position, or situation." This fits well. The passion continues to exist within the confines of the tower.
Sense 7: "stay behind." This also fits, especially since "passion" is abstract.

Let's look at the examples for Sense 4: "After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please." (Persistence in a situation/place).
Let's look at the examples for Sense 7: "The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up." (Persistence of an abstract quality/state).

Since "passion" is an abstract concept, Sense 7 (stay behind/persist) is a very strong candidate, as it handles abstract persistence well.
However, Sense 4 is broader: "continue in a place, position, or situation." The passion is continuing its existence *in* the tower.

If we treat "passion" as a state or feeling that is contained, Sense 7 is excellent. If we treat it as an entity that persists in a location, Sense 4 is also excellent.

Let's re-read the sentence: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
The implication is that the passion is localized or contained there, rather than being spread out or elsewhere.

Sense 4: "continue in a place, position, or situation." This captures the idea of the passion persisting within the tower.
Sense 7: "stay behind." This captures the idea of the passion remaining confined to the tower.

In many contexts where an abstract quality persists in a location, Sense 7 is often preferred (e.g., fear stayed with him). However, Sense 4 is the most general definition of persistence in a location/situation.

Let's check the relationship between Sense 4 and Sense 7. Sense 7 is a specific type of persistence (remaining behind/not moving away). Sense 4 is broader (continuing in a place).

Given the context of an abstract feeling ("passion") being localized ("in the tower"), Sense 7 ("stay behind") seems slightly more idiomatic for abstract persistence than Sense 4, although both are plausible.

Let's choose Sense 7, as it specifically handles the persistence of non-physical entities (like smells or hostility, which are analogous to a passion) in a location.

Sense 7: stay%2:42:04:: | definition=stay behind | synonyms=persist, remain | examples=The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up.

This matches the idea of the passion persisting/remaining within the tower.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tower
Target surface form: tower
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the <t>tower</t>, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "tower" in the given context.

Context: "It is a passion that usually stays in the <t>tower</t>, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Analysis:
1. **Contextual clues:** The passage discusses church bells, belfries, and ringers. The phrase is "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower."
2. **Sense 1:** "a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building." This fits the architectural context of a church tower (where bells are often housed).
3. **Sense 2:** "anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower." This is too general and usually refers to shape/form, not the physical location of the passion/activity.
4. **Sense 3:** "a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships." This is clearly irrelevant to a church/belfry context.

Conclusion: Sense 1, referring to the architectural structure, is the correct interpretation.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: however
Target surface form: however
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, <t>however</t>. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns
4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "however" in the given context.

Context:
"Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, <t>however</t>. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

Target word: however

Analysis of the context:
The first sentence establishes that ringing is an obsession and a passion.
The second sentence states that this passion "usually stays in the tower, however."
The third sentence contrasts this idea by saying, "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

The word "however" here seems to introduce a contrast or a qualification to the previous statement ("It is a passion that usually stays in the tower"). The following statement ("More often than not...") presents a different perspective or reality regarding the ringers' thoughts about the church.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
    * This sense means 'nevertheless' or 'despite that'. This fits the structure: [Statement A: Passion stays in the tower], [however/nevertheless, Statement B: Ringers often think of the church differently].

2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
    * This sense is also a contrastive conjunction. It is very similar to sense 1.

3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns
    * This sense means 'no matter how much' or 'to whatever extent'. This does not fit the context. The sentence is not modifying the degree of the passion staying in the tower.

4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever
    * This sense means 'in whatever way'. This also does not fit the context.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 1: "despite anything to the contrary" (nevertheless, still, yet).
Sense 2: "by contrast; on the other hand".

In the context: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
The second clause ("More often than not...") presents a contrasting idea to the first clause (the passion staying in the tower). Both Sense 1 and Sense 2 capture this contrast.

Sense 1 (nevertheless, still) emphasizes that despite the previous statement, the new statement is true.
Sense 2 (by contrast, on the other hand) emphasizes a shift in focus or perspective.

Given the structure, "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however [but], more often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry," the function is clearly concessive/contrastive.

Sense 1's definition ("despite anything to the contrary") aligns perfectly with the function of 'nevertheless' or 'still' when introducing a counterpoint.

Let's re-examine the provided examples for Sense 1: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed." This is a classic concessive use.

Let's re-examine the provided examples for Sense 2: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours." This is a shift/contrastive use.

In the given context, the shift is from the *nature* of the passion (staying in the tower) to the *perception* of the church (stuck on the bottom). This is a strong contrast. Both senses are viable, but Sense 1 (nevertheless/still) often covers the broader range of contrastive conjunctions that introduce a counter-fact or counter-opinion, which is what is happening here.

However, if I must choose the *single best* fit, Sense 1's definition ("despite anything to the contrary") is the most robust description of the function of 'however' when it introduces a counter-opinion or a surprising fact following a general statement.

I will select Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: More
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. <t>More</t> often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
"sense_index": 2
}
```

content:
```json
{
"sense_index": 2
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "More" in the given context.

Context: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. <t>More</t> often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

Target word: More

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Analysis:
The phrase containing the target word is "More often than not".
"More" here modifies the frequency of the action ("often").
"Often" is an adverb of frequency.
The structure "More [adverb] than not" is a common idiom meaning 'most of the time' or 'frequently'.

Let's evaluate the senses:
Sense 1: "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs". This is a general definition of the comparative form.
Sense 2: "comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent". This focuses on the degree or extent.

In "More often than not," "More" is functioning as the comparative form of the adverb "often," indicating a higher degree of frequency.

Sense 1 is broader ("used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs").
Sense 2 is more specific to degree/extent ("to a greater degree or extent") and includes the idea of "comparative of much," which aligns well with increasing frequency/degree.

Since "often" is an adverb, and "More" is forming the comparative of that adverb, both senses are relevant. However, Sense 2, defining it as "to a greater degree or extent," captures the function of increasing frequency/degree better than the general grammatical description in Sense 1.

Let's check the examples:
Sense 1 examples: "more interesting; more beautiful" (comparative of adjectives).
Sense 2 examples: "he works more now; they eat more than they should" (comparative of adverbs/quantifiers, indicating greater degree/extent).

The context uses "More often than not," which is analogous to "they eat more than they should" (comparing frequency/quantity).

Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit as it specifically addresses the comparative function related to degree or extent, which applies to adverbs like "often."

I must return the JSON object with the index of the chosen sense.
Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More <t>often</t> than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "often" in the provided context.

Context:
"Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More <t>often</t> than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

Target word: "often"
Specific instance: "More often than not"

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Analysis of the phrase "More often than not":
This phrase is a common idiom meaning that something happens more frequently than not, or that it is the usual case. It expresses probability or frequency across different instances.

Comparing with candidates:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00: Focuses on "many times at short intervals" (high frequency). This is a general sense of frequency.
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01: Focuses on "frequently or in great quantities" (often related to amount/degree, like "much"). This doesn't fit the idiomatic structure "more often than not."
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02: Definition is "in many cases or instances." This perfectly captures the meaning of "More often than not," which means "in most cases/instances."

Conclusion: Sense 3 is the best fit for the context "More often than not."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, <t>ringers</t> think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "ringers" based on the provided context.

Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context: "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.' 'Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.' 'Ringing does become a bit of an obsession,' admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Analysis of the context:
1. The context explicitly mentions "church bells," "ringing," "tower," and "belfry."
2. It describes the action: "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change." This is a description of bell ringing.
3. It quotes Dorothy L. Sayers discussing the "passion" of ringing and the "intricate ritual."
4. It mentions "Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers."

Matching the context to the senses:
Sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" - This perfectly matches the description of the activity (bell ringing in a church tower) and the synonyms (toller, bell ringer).
Sense 2: "a person who is almost identical to another" - No indication of resemblance.
Sense 3: "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses" - No indication of cheating or competition fraud.
Sense 4: "(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg" - This is a noun referring to the throw itself, not a person, and the context is clearly about church bells.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: think_of
Target surface form: think of
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers <t>think of</t> the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=think_of%2:31:00:: | definition=keep in mind for attention or consideration | synonyms=remember | examples=Remember the Alamo; Remember to call your mother every day!
2. sense_key=think_of%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration, have in view | synonyms=entertain, toy with, flirt with, think about | examples=He entertained the notion of moving to South America
3. sense_key=think_of%2:31:01:: | definition=look on as or consider | synonyms=repute, regard as, look upon, look on, esteem, take to be | examples=she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician
4. sense_key=think_of%2:31:02:: | definition=intend to refer to | synonyms=have in mind, mean | examples=I'm thinking of good food when I talk about France; Yes, I meant you when I complained about people who gossip!
5. sense_key=think_of%2:36:00:: | definition=devise or invent | synonyms=think up, dream up, hatch, concoct | examples=He thought up a plan to get rich quickly; no-one had ever thought of such a clever piece of software
6. sense_key=think_of%2:31:04:: | definition=choose in one's mind | examples=Think of any integer between 1 and 25

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the phrase "think of" in the given context.

Context: "More often than not, ringers <t>think of</t> the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

Target phrase: "think of"
Object of the phrase: "the church"
Structure: Subject (ringers) + think of + Object (the church) + complement/description (as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry).

The phrase "think of X as Y" means to regard X in a certain way (Y).

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=think_of%2:31:00:: | definition=keep in mind for attention or consideration | synonyms=remember**
   * This relates to memory or future consideration (e.g., "Remember the Alamo"). The context is about how they *view* the church, not what they are remembering. (Unlikely)

2. **sense_key=think_of%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration, have in view | synonyms=entertain, toy with, flirt with, think about**
   * This relates to deliberation or possibility (e.g., "He entertained the notion..."). While related to consideration, the structure "think of X as Y" strongly suggests a judgment or classification, not just consideration. (Possible, but maybe not the best fit for 'as')

3. **sense_key=think_of%2:31:01:: | definition=look on as or consider | synonyms=repute, regard as, look upon, look on, esteem, take to be**
   * This perfectly matches the structure "think of X as Y" (regard X as Y). The ringers regard the church *as* something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. (Strong candidate)

4. **sense_key=think_of%2:31:02:: | definition=intend to refer to | synonyms=have in mind, mean**
   * This relates to reference or intention (e.g., "I'm thinking of good food..."). This is about what the speaker means, not how the ringers perceive the church. (Unlikely)

5. **sense_key=think_of%2:36:00:: | definition=devise or invent | synonyms=think up, dream up, hatch, concoct**
   * This relates to creation (e.g., "He thought up a plan..."). The ringers are not inventing the church. (Incorrect)

6. **sense_key=think_of%2:31:04:: | definition=choose in one's mind**
   * This is a very narrow sense, usually used in commands or selection (e.g., "Think of any integer..."). (Incorrect)

Conclusion: Sense 3, "look on as or consider," is the most accurate fit for the construction "think of X as Y" in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the <t>church</t> as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "church" based on the provided context.

Context analysis:
"...ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."
The sentence mentions "leaving worship for others below." This implies that the "church" is the location where the worship takes place, and the ringers are leaving that location (or the activity associated with it) to go to the pub.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church (Refers to a denomination/group of people)
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty (Refers to the physical structure)
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church (Refers to the event/service)
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week (Refers to the congregation/community)

Evaluation:
The context states: "ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."
If "church" refers to the *service* (Sense 3), the sentence would likely be phrased differently (e.g., "leaving the service").
If "church" refers to the *people* (Sense 1 or 4), the sentence would likely be phrased differently (e.g., "leaving the congregation").
The phrase "leaving worship for others below" strongly suggests that the "church" is the physical location where the worship is happening, and the ringers are leaving that location (the tower/belfry, which is part of the church building) to go to the pub.

Sense 2: "a place for public (especially Christian) worship" (church building). This fits perfectly with the idea of leaving the location where worship is taking place.

Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bottom
Target surface form: bottom
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the <t>bottom</t> of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bottom%1:15:00:: | definition=the lower side of anything | synonyms=underside, undersurface
2. sense_key=bottom%1:15:01:: | definition=the lowest part of anything | examples=they started at the bottom of the hill
3. sense_key=bottom%1:08:00:: | definition=the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on | synonyms=buttocks, nates, arse, butt, backside, bum | examples=he deserves a good kick in the butt; are you going to sit on your fanny and do nothing?
4. sense_key=bottom%1:28:00:: | definition=the second half of an inning; while the home team is at bat | synonyms=bottom of the inning
5. sense_key=bottom%1:17:00:: | definition=a depression forming the ground under a body of water | synonyms=bed | examples=he searched for treasure on the ocean bed
6. sense_key=bottom%1:17:01:: | definition=low-lying alluvial land near a river | synonyms=bottomland
7. sense_key=bottom%1:06:00:: | definition=a cargo ship | synonyms=freighter, merchantman, merchant ship | examples=they did much of their overseas trade in foreign bottoms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "bottom" in the given context.

Context: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the <t>bottom</t> of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

Target word: bottom

Analysis of the context:
The church is described as being "stuck on the bottom of the belfry." A belfry is the structure that houses the bells, typically located high up in a tower. If something is stuck on the "bottom of the belfry," it means it is located at the lowest part of that structure.

Analysis of candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bottom%1:15:00:: | definition=the lower side of anything | synonyms=underside, undersurface (Possible, but perhaps too general)
2. sense_key=bottom%1:15:01:: | definition=the lowest part of anything | examples=they started at the bottom of the hill (This matches the idea of the lowest physical location within a structure like a belfry.)
3. sense_key=bottom%1:08:00:: | definition=the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on | synonyms=buttocks, nates, arse, butt, backside, bum (Incorrect, refers to anatomy.)
4. sense_key=bottom%1:28:00:: | definition=the second half of an inning; while the home team is at bat | synonyms=bottom of the inning (Incorrect, refers to sports.)
5. sense_key=bottom%1:17:00:: | definition=a depression forming the ground under a body of water | synonyms=bed (Incorrect, refers to geography/oceanography.)
6. sense_key=bottom%1:17:01:: | definition=low-lying alluvial land near a river | synonyms=bottomland (Incorrect, refers to geography.)
7. sense_key=bottom%1:06:00:: | definition=a cargo ship | synonyms=freighter, merchantman, merchant ship (Incorrect, refers to nautical terms.)

Comparison:
The context requires a sense meaning the lowest physical point of the belfry structure.
Sense 2: "the lowest part of anything." This perfectly fits the meaning of "the bottom of the belfry."

Conclusion: Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: complete
Target surface form: completed
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are <t>completed</t>, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=complete%2:30:02:: | definition=come or bring to a finish or an end | synonyms=finish | examples=He finished the dishes; She completed the requirements for her Master's Degree
2. sense_key=complete%2:30:00:: | definition=bring to a whole, with all the necessary parts or elements | examples=A child would complete the family
3. sense_key=complete%2:41:00:: | definition=complete or carry out | synonyms=dispatch, discharge | examples=discharge one's duties
4. sense_key=complete%2:33:00:: | definition=complete a pass | synonyms=nail
5. sense_key=complete%2:32:00:: | definition=write all the required information onto a form | synonyms=fill out, fill in, make out | examples=fill out this questionnaire, please!; make out a form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "completed" (the past participle of "complete") in the given context.

Context: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are <t>completed</t>, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

Target word: completed (referring to "their changes").

Let's analyze the meaning of "completed" in this context. "Changes" here refers to the shift change of the ringers (the people ringing the bells). When their shift change is completed, it means their shift is over, or they have finished their duty/task for that shift.

Now let's evaluate the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=complete%2:30:02:: | definition=come or bring to a finish or an end | synonyms=finish | examples=He finished the dishes; She completed the requirements for her Master's Degree**
   * This sense means to bring something to an end or finish. This aligns perfectly with the idea of a shift change being finished.

2. **sense_key=complete%2:30:00:: | definition=bring to a whole, with all the necessary parts or elements | examples=A child would complete the family**
   * This relates to making something whole (e.g., a set, a collection). This does not fit the context of a shift change ending.

3. **sense_key=complete%2:41:00:: | definition=complete or carry out | synonyms=dispatch, discharge | examples=discharge one's duties**
   * This means to carry out or fulfill a task/duty. This is very close to sense 1, but sense 1's definition ("come or bring to a finish or an end") is perhaps slightly more direct for the completion of a time period/shift. However, "discharge one's duties" (sense 3 example) is highly relevant to the context of ringers finishing their work.

4. **sense_key=complete%2:33:00:: | definition=complete a pass | synonyms=nail**
   * This is specific to sports or navigation (completing a pass). Irrelevant here.

5. **sense_key=complete%2:32:00:: | definition=write all the required information onto a form | synonyms=fill out, fill in, make out | examples=fill out this questionnaire, please!; make out a form**
   * This relates to filling out paperwork. Irrelevant here.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
* Sense 1: "come or bring to a finish or an end" (Synonym: finish).
* Sense 3: "complete or carry out" (Synonyms: dispatch, discharge).

The context is: "When their changes are completed..." A shift change is a period of time/duty. When the period is completed, it means it has reached its end. Both senses capture this, but Sense 1's focus on "finish or an end" seems the most natural fit for the conclusion of a scheduled shift. Sense 3 emphasizes the *action* of carrying out, while Sense 1 emphasizes the *state* of being finished. Since the shift is a defined period, "bringing to a finish" (Sense 1) is the most precise fit.

Let's re-examine the relationship between Sense 1 and Sense 3. Sense 3's definition ("complete or carry out") is broader and often applies to tasks (like "discharge one's duties"). Sense 1's definition ("come or bring to a finish or an end") is highly applicable to temporal events or processes (like a shift ending).

Given the phrase "their changes are completed," it signifies the end of the shift. Sense 1 is the best match for this temporal completion.

Final choice: Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work_up
Target surface form: worked up
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have <t>worked up</t> a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work_up%2:30:00:: | definition=form or accumulate steadily | synonyms=build up, build, progress | examples=Resistance to the manager's plan built up quickly; Pressure is building up at the Indian-Pakistani border
2. sense_key=work_up%2:29:00:: | definition=develop | synonyms=get up | examples=we worked up an as of an appetite
3. sense_key=work_up%2:30:06:: | definition=bolster or strengthen | synonyms=build up, build, ramp up | examples=We worked up courage; build up confidence
4. sense_key=work_up%2:30:03:: | definition=come up with | synonyms=work out | examples=His colleagues worked out his interesting idea; We worked up an ad for our client

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the phrase "worked up" in the given context.
The target lemma is "work_up".
The context is: "When their changes are completed, and after they have <t>worked up</t> a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

The phrase "worked up a sweat" is a common idiom.

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=work_up%2:30:00:: | definition=form or accumulate steadily | synonyms=build up, build, progress | examples=Resistance to the manager's plan built up quickly; Pressure is building up at the Indian-Pakistani border**
   * This sense relates to accumulation or steady development (e.g., pressure, resistance). While "sweat" is a physical manifestation, this sense seems too abstract for the physical act of sweating.

2. **sense_key=work_up%2:29:00:: | definition=develop | synonyms=get up | examples=we worked up an as of an appetite**
   * This sense relates to developing something (like an appetite). This doesn't fit the context of physical exertion leading to sweat.

3. **sense_key=work_up%2:30:06:: | definition=bolster or strengthen | synonyms=build up, build, ramp up | examples=We worked up courage; build up confidence**
   * This sense relates to emotional or mental strengthening (e.g., courage, confidence). This is clearly incorrect as the context is physical ("a sweat").

4. **sense_key=work_up%2:30:03:: | definition=come up with | synonyms=work out | examples=His colleagues worked out his interesting idea; We worked up an ad for our client**
   * This sense relates to creation or invention (e.g., an idea, an ad). This is incorrect.

Wait, none of the provided senses seem to directly map to the idiomatic meaning of "to work up a sweat," which means to exert oneself physically to the point of sweating.

Let's re-examine the candidates and the context.
Context: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub..."
The action ("worked up a sweat") implies physical effort/exertion.

Let's look closely at the definitions again, assuming there might be a subtle fit or a flaw in the provided options relative to the idiom.

1. **form or accumulate steadily**: Could "sweat" be seen as an accumulation of physical effort? Weak fit.
2. **develop**: Could physical exertion be seen as developing a state (sweating)? Possible, but vague.
3. **bolster or strengthen**: No.
4. **come up with**: No.

If I must choose the *best* fit among these schematic definitions, I need to consider which one is closest to the concept of physical exertion leading to a state change (sweating).

The phrase "work up a sweat" is synonymous with "exert oneself" or "sweat profusely."

If I interpret "develop" (Sense 2) broadly, it means to bring about or cause something to exist. The physical activity *develops* the state of sweating.

If I interpret "form or accumulate steadily" (Sense 1), it means the physical effort *accumulates* until the state of sweating is reached.

In the context of physical effort, Sense 1 (accumulate steadily/build up) seems slightly closer to the process of exertion leading to a physical result, compared to the abstract development (Sense 2) or the mental/creative senses (3 and 4).

However, let's reconsider the possibility that the provided senses are highly constrained and might not cover the idiomatic meaning perfectly.

If the system intended to capture the physical exertion aspect, it might be missing a sense like "exert oneself."

Given the choices:
1. Accumulate/Build up (Process)
2. Develop (State change)
3. Bolster/Strengthen (Improvement)
4. Come up with (Creation)

The process of physical exertion leading to sweat is best described as the effort *building up* or *accumulating* until the threshold is met. Therefore, Sense 1 seems the most plausible, even if imperfectly defined for the idiom.

Let's select Sense 1.

Sense 1: definition=form or accumulate steadily | synonyms=build up, build, progress
Context: worked up a sweat (physical accumulation of effort)

Final check: The action of ringing bells is physically demanding. The effort accumulates until the ringers "work up a sweat." This aligns with "form or accumulate steadily."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sweat
Target surface form: sweat
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a <t>sweat</t>, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sweat%1:08:00:: | definition=salty fluid secreted by sweat glands | synonyms=perspiration, sudor | examples=sweat poured off his brow
2. sense_key=sweat%1:26:01:: | definition=agitation resulting from active worry | synonyms=fret, stew, lather, swither | examples=don't get in a stew; he's in a sweat about exams
3. sense_key=sweat%1:19:00:: | definition=condensation of moisture on a cold surface | examples=the cold glasses were streaked with sweat
4. sense_key=sweat%1:04:00:: | definition=use of physical or mental energy; hard work | synonyms=effort, elbow grease, exertion, travail | examples=he got an A for effort; they managed only with great exertion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "sweat" in the given context.

Context: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a <t>sweat</t>, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=sweat%1:08:00:: | definition=salty fluid secreted by sweat glands | synonyms=perspiration, sudor | examples=sweat poured off his brow
2. sense_key=sweat%1:26:01:: | definition=agitation resulting from active worry | synonyms=fret, stew, lather, swither | examples=don't get in a stew; he's in a sweat about exams
3. sense_key=sweat%1:19:00:: | definition=condensation of moisture on a cold surface | examples=the cold glasses were streaked with sweat
4. sense_key=sweat%1:04:00:: | definition=use of physical or mental energy; hard work | synonyms=effort, elbow grease, exertion, travail | examples=he got an A for effort; they managed only with great exertion

Analysis:
The context states that the ringers "have worked up a sweat" after completing their changes.
The phrase "worked up a sweat" is an idiom.
If it meant physical fluid (Sense 1), the context would likely describe them being physically exhausted or dripping.
If it meant worry (Sense 2), the context would usually involve stress or anxiety, not the completion of a physical task (ringing).
If it meant condensation (Sense 3), it makes no sense in this context.
If it means "use of physical or mental energy; hard work" (Sense 4), this fits perfectly with the preceding phrase "after they have worked up a [effort/exertion]". The idiom "to sweat" or "to work up a sweat" means to exert oneself greatly.

Conclusion: Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, <t>ringers</t> often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "ringers" based on the provided context.
The target lemma is "ringer".
The target surface form is "ringers".

Context analysis:
The text discusses "ringing" in the context of "church bells" and "detective-story involving church bells."
It describes ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."
It mentions "master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers."
Later, it refers to "ringers" who work in the tower and then go to the pub.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Evaluation:
The context clearly links "ringers" to the activity of ringing church bells, mentioning "church bells," "tower," "belfry," and "master of the band."

Sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" - This perfectly matches the context (church bells, tower, bell ringer).
Sense 2: "a person who is almost identical to another" - Irrelevant.
Sense 3: "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses" - Irrelevant.
Sense 4: "(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg" - This is a noun referring to the act/result of throwing, not a person, and is unrelated to the church context.

The best sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers <t>often</t> skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "often" in the given context.

Context:
"...When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers <t>often</t> skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics."

Target word: often

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Analysis:
The sentence is: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

The word "often" modifies the verb "skip off". It describes the frequency of the action (skipping off to the pub).

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **sense_key=often%4:02:00**: definition=many times at short intervals; synonyms=frequently. This fits the idea of a repeated action (skipping off to the pub happens many times).
2. **sense_key=often%4:02:01**: definition=frequently or in great quantities; synonyms=much, a great deal. While "frequently" is a synonym, the inclusion of "in great quantities" (like "I don't drink much") makes this sense less precise for describing the frequency of an action like skipping off.
3. **sense_key=often%4:02:02**: definition=in many cases or instances. This is a very general sense of frequency, often used when discussing probability or general trends ("In many cases, this happens").

Comparing 1 and 3:
Sense 1 focuses on the temporal repetition ("many times at short intervals"), which is exactly what modifying a verb of action ("skip off") implies.
Sense 3 focuses on the scope ("in many cases or instances"), which is also related to frequency but often used in a more abstract or conditional manner.

In the context of a specific routine or behavior ("ringers skip off to the pub"), Sense 1 (frequently/many times) is the most direct and accurate fit. Sense 3 is also plausible, but Sense 1 captures the temporal nature of the repeated action better.

Therefore, sense_key=often%4:02:00 is the best fit.