[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: immune
Target surface form: immune
Context:
The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually <t>immune</t> to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=immune%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the condition of immunity | examples=the immune system
2. sense_key=immune%5:00:00:exempt:00 | definition=secure against | examples=immune from taxation as long as he resided in Bermuda; immune from criminal prosecution
3. sense_key=immune%5:00:00:unsusceptible:00 | definition=relating to or conferring immunity (to disease or infection) | synonyms=resistant
4. sense_key=immune%5:00:00:unaffected:00 | definition=(usually followed by `to') not affected by a given influence | examples=immune to persuasion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
"sense_index": 4
}
```

content:
```json
{
"sense_index": 4
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "immune" in the provided context.

Context: "For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually <t>immune</t> to defeat."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=immune%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the condition of immunity | examples=the immune system (Biological immunity)
2. sense_key=immune%5:00:00:exempt:00 | definition=secure against | examples=immune from taxation as long as he resided in Bermuda; immune from criminal prosecution (Exemption/Protection)
3. sense_key=immune%5:00:00:unsusceptible:00 | definition=relating to or conferring immunity (to disease or infection) | synonyms=resistant (Biological resistance)
4. sense_key=immune%5:00:00:unaffected:00 | definition=(usually followed by `to') not affected by a given influence | examples=immune to persuasion (Not affected by influence)

Analysis of the context:
The sentence discusses political incumbents (members of the House) and their vulnerability to defeat.
"first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat."
Here, "immune" means they are protected or shielded from the influence of being defeated.

Evaluating the senses:
1. sense_key=immune%3:01:00: Relates to the immune system (biological). Incorrect.
2. sense_key=immune%5:00:00:exempt:00: Secure against. This fits the idea of being protected from defeat (an outcome/influence).
3. sense_key=immune%5:00:00:unsusceptible:00: Relates to disease/infection resistance. Incorrect.
4. sense_key=immune%5:00:00:unaffected:00: Not affected by a given influence. This also fits perfectly, especially since the phrase "immune to defeat" is a common collocation meaning "unlikely to be defeated."

Comparing 2 and 4:
Sense 2 (exempt): Focuses on legal or formal exemption (e.g., tax exemption).
Sense 4 (unaffected): Focuses on lack of effect from an influence (e.g., immune to persuasion, immune to defeat).

In the context of political vulnerability, "immune to defeat" means they are not affected by the forces that cause defeat. This aligns strongly with sense 4: "not affected by a given influence."

Let's check the provided examples for sense 4: "immune to persuasion." This is a perfect parallel to "immune to defeat."

Therefore, sense_key=immune%5:00:00:unaffected:00 is the best fit.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 4 corresponds to index 4 in the list provided by the user.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: defeat
Target surface form: defeat
Context:
The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to <t>defeat</t>. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=defeat%1:11:00:: | definition=an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest | synonyms=licking | examples=it was a narrow defeat; the army's only defeat
2. sense_key=defeat%1:12:00:: | definition=the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals | synonyms=frustration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
"sense_index": 1
}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{
"sense_index": 1
}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target word: "defeat"
    *   Context sentence: "The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982."
    *   Surrounding context: The passage discusses political dynamics, specifically how incumbents (legislators) have become "virtually immune to defeat." The context is about elections and political survival.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1 (defeat%1:11:00):**
        *   Definition: "an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest"
        *   Synonyms: "licking" (This synonym seems odd/potentially erroneous, but the definition is key.)
        *   Examples: "it was a narrow defeat; the army's only defeat"
        *   *Relevance check:* In the context of elections ("defeat of 13... Republicans"), "unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest" perfectly matches the meaning of losing an election or failing to be re-elected.
    *   **Sense 2 (defeat%1:12:00):**
        *   Definition: "the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals"
        *   Synonyms: "frustration"
        *   *Relevance check:* This sense refers to an *emotional state* (frustration/disappointment). The context ("the defeat of 13... Republicans") refers to a *political outcome* (losing the election), not the feeling of the individuals who lost.

3.  **Compare and select the best sense:**
    *   Sense 1 describes the objective event (losing a contest/election).
    *   Sense 2 describes the subjective feeling (frustration).
    *   The context clearly uses "defeat" in the objective, political sense of losing an election.

4.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the best fit.

5.  **Format the output:** The instruction requires a JSON object with the sense index. Since the provided candidates are numbered 1 and 2, the chosen sense is 1. (Wait, the instructions ask for the JSON format `{"sense_index": 3}` but only provided two candidates. I must assume the numbering in the prompt is sequential, so Sense 1 is index 1, and Sense 2 is index 2. I will use the index corresponding to the chosen sense.)

*Self-Correction/Refinement:* The prompt structure is slightly ambiguous regarding the final index number (it shows `{"sense_index": 3}` as an example, but only two senses are listed). I will assume the index refers to the sequential numbering of the candidates provided (1 and 2). Since Sense 1 is the correct choice, the index is 1.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: exception
Target surface form: exception
Context:
While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one <t>exception</t> to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=exception%1:09:00:: | definition=a deliberate act of omission | synonyms=exclusion, elision | examples=with the exception of the children, everyone was told the news
2. sense_key=exception%1:09:01:: | definition=an instance that does not conform to a rule or generalization | examples=all her children were brilliant; the only exception was her last child; an exception tests the rule
3. sense_key=exception%1:10:00:: | definition=grounds for adverse criticism | examples=his authority is beyond exception

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "exception" in the provided context.

Context: "The one <t>exception</t> to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982."

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=exception%1:09:00:: | definition=a deliberate act of omission | synonyms=exclusion, elision | examples=with the exception of the children, everyone was told the news
2. sense_key=exception%1:09:01:: | definition=an instance that does not conform to a rule or generalization | examples=all her children were brilliant; the only exception was her last child; an exception tests the rule
3. sense_key=exception%1:10:00:: | definition=grounds for adverse criticism | examples=his authority is beyond exception

Analysis:
The context states: "The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans..."
The phrase "exception to this recent trend" implies that the trend is a general rule or pattern (e.g., freshmen becoming immune to defeat). The defeat of these 13 freshmen is an instance that breaks or does not conform to that general trend.

Let's evaluate the candidates:
1. Sense 1 (deliberate act of omission/exclusion): This relates to leaving something out, which doesn't fit the meaning of an instance breaking a trend.
2. Sense 2 (an instance that does not conform to a rule or generalization): This perfectly matches the structure "exception to this recent trend." The trend is the generalization/rule, and the defeat is the non-conforming instance.
3. Sense 3 (grounds for adverse criticism): This relates to criticism or limits on authority, which is irrelevant here.

Conclusion: Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trend
Target surface form: trend
Context:
While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent <t>trend</t> was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trend%1:15:02:: | definition=a general direction in which something tends to move | synonyms=tendency | examples=the shoreward tendency of the current; the trend of the stock market
2. sense_key=trend%1:15:01:: | definition=general line of orientation | synonyms=course | examples=the river takes a southern course; the northeastern trend of the coast
3. sense_key=trend%1:09:00:: | definition=a general tendency to change (as of opinion) | synonyms=drift, movement | examples=not openly liberal but that is the trend of the book; a broad movement of the electorate to the right
4. sense_key=trend%1:09:02:: | definition=the popular taste at a given time | synonyms=vogue, style | examples=leather is the latest vogue; he followed current trends

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "trend" in the provided context.
The context is: "The one exception to this recent <t>trend</t> was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."

The surrounding text discusses changes in political behavior and vulnerability of legislators:
1. "For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat." (This establishes a general pattern/change).
2. "The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat..." (The trend is the increased immunity/decreased vulnerability of freshmen).

I need to evaluate the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=trend%1:15:02:: | definition=a general direction in which something tends to move | synonyms=tendency | examples=the shoreward tendency of the current; the trend of the stock market**
   * This fits the idea of a general direction or pattern of change (e.g., increased immunity to defeat).

2. **sense_key=trend%1:15:01:: | definition=general line of orientation | synonyms=course | examples=the river takes a southern course; the northeastern trend of the coast**
   * This refers to physical direction/orientation, which is unlikely in this political context.

3. **sense_key=trend%1:09:00:: | definition=a general tendency to change (as of opinion) | synonyms=drift, movement | examples=not openly liberal but that is the trend of the book; a broad movement of the electorate to the right**
   * This also refers to a general pattern or movement of change. The context is about a shift in political dynamics (vulnerability of freshmen), which is a type of general tendency/movement.

4. **sense_key=trend%1:09:02:: | definition=the popular taste at a given time | synonyms=vogue, style | examples=leather is the latest vogue; he followed current trends**
   * This refers to fashion or popular taste, which is irrelevant here.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
Sense 1: "a general direction in which something tends to move" (e.g., stock market trend, current tendency).
Sense 3: "a general tendency to change (as of opinion)" (e.g., movement of the electorate).

The context describes a shift in political behavior (freshmen becoming immune to defeat). This is a measurable, observable change in a pattern or direction. Both Sense 1 and Sense 3 capture this idea of a general pattern of change.

However, Sense 1, "a general direction in which something tends to move," is broader and fits the concept of a statistical or observable shift in a phenomenon (like the trend of immunity to defeat) very well. Sense 3 specifically mentions "as of opinion," which might be too narrow, although political shifts can involve opinions.

Let's re-examine the examples and definitions.
Context: "freshmen... have become virtually immune to defeat." -> This is a measurable shift in political outcomes.
Sense 1: "the trend of the stock market" (a measurable direction).
Sense 3: "a broad movement of the electorate to the right" (a shift in opinion/behavior).

Since the context is about a shift in political *vulnerability* (a measurable outcome/direction), Sense 1 seems slightly more precise for describing a general pattern of change in a system, while Sense 3 leans heavily towards shifts in attitudes or opinions.

Let's check the provided instructions: "WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together."

If I treat the political shift as a "direction" or "tendency" in the political landscape, Sense 1 is the most robust fit.

Let's select Sense 1.

Wait, the user provided the candidate senses with indices 1, 2, 3, and 4. I must return the index corresponding to the chosen sense.

Chosen sense: sense_key=trend%1:15:02 (Sense 1).

Final check:
Context: "The one exception to this recent trend [of freshmen becoming immune to defeat]..."
Sense 1: "a general direction in which something tends to move." -> Perfect fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: defeat
Target surface form: defeat
Context:
While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the <t>defeat</t> of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=defeat%1:11:00:: | definition=an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest | synonyms=licking | examples=it was a narrow defeat; the army's only defeat
2. sense_key=defeat%1:12:00:: | definition=the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals | synonyms=frustration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "defeat" in the given context.

Context snippet: "The one exception to this recent trend was the <t>defeat</t> of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982."

Target word: defeat

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=defeat%1:11:00:: | definition=an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest | synonyms=licking | examples=it was a narrow defeat; the army's only defeat
2. sense_key=defeat%1:12:00:: | definition=the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals | synonyms=frustration

Analysis:
The context discusses political incumbents (freshman Republicans) and their vulnerability to "defeat" when running for re-election.
"The defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans" refers to the outcome of an election or contest.

Sense 1: "an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest." This fits perfectly with an election outcome where a candidate fails to retain office.
Sense 2: "the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals." This refers to an emotional state (frustration), which does not fit the grammatical structure or meaning here (it is a noun referring to the event/outcome, not the feeling).

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: freshman
Target surface form: freshman
Context:
While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 <t>freshman</t> Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=freshman%1:18:00:: | definition=a first-year undergraduate | synonyms=fresher
2. sense_key=freshman%1:18:01:: | definition=any new participant in some activity | synonyms=newcomer, fledgling, fledgeling, starter, neophyte, newbie

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target word: `freshman`
    *   Context sentence: "The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 <t>freshman</t> Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982."
    *   Surrounding text: The discussion is about legislators, incumbents, first-term members of the House, and political vulnerability/security in office.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `freshman%1:18:00` :: definition=a first-year undergraduate | synonyms=fresher. (Relates to academic status.)
    *   Sense 2: `freshman%1:18:01` :: definition=any new participant in some activity | synonyms=newcomer, fledgling, fledgeling, starter, neophyte, newbie. (Relates to being new in a general sense.)

3.  **Evaluate the senses against the context:**
    *   The context refers to "Republicans brought into office in 1980" and "running for re-election in 1982." These are political figures (legislators/Congress members).
    *   Sense 1 (undergraduate) is clearly irrelevant.
    *   Sense 2 (new participant/newcomer) fits perfectly. These Republicans are new participants in the political arena (newly elected members of Congress). The preceding text even mentions "first-term members of the House," which is a specific example of a "new participant" in that political activity.

4.  **Select the best sense:** Sense 2 is the best fit.

5.  **Format the output:** The instruction requires a JSON object with the sense index. Since the provided candidates are numbered 1 and 2, and Sense 2 is the correct choice, the index is 2. (Wait, the instructions ask for a JSON object exactly like `{"sense_index": 3}`. I must use the index corresponding to the chosen sense.)

    *   Sense 1 -> Index 1
    *   Sense 2 -> Index 2

    The correct index is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republicans
Context:
While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman <t>Republicans</t> brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Republican Party
2. sense_key=republican%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate of a republic (usually in opposition to a monarchy)
3. sense_key=republican%1:17:00:: | definition=a tributary of the Kansas River that flows from eastern Colorado eastward through Nebraska and Kansas | synonyms=Republican River

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "Republicans" in the provided context.
The target lemma is "republican".
The context is about political theory, elections, Congress, and political parties (specifically mentioning Franklin Roosevelt, the New Deal, and the Reagan revolution).
The specific phrase is: "The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Republican Party
2. sense_key=republican%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate of a republic (usually in opposition to a monarchy)
3. sense_key=republican%1:17:00:: | definition=a tributary of the Kansas River that flows from eastern Colorado eastward through Nebraska and Kansas | synonyms=Republican River

Analysis:
The context discusses "freshman" members of Congress who were brought into office by the "Reagan revolution." The Reagan revolution is a major political event associated with the Republican Party. The term "Republicans" here refers to political affiliation within the House of Representatives.

Sense 1: "a member of the Republican Party." This perfectly matches the context of elected officials belonging to a specific political party (the Republican Party).
Sense 2: "an advocate of a republic." While the US is a republic, the context is specifically about party membership and electoral politics, not the philosophical concept of republicanism versus monarchy.
Sense 3: "a tributary of the Kansas River." This is geographical and irrelevant to the political context.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bring
Target surface form: brought
Context:
While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans <t>brought</t> into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bring%2:38:00:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=convey, take | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
2. sense_key=bring%2:35:04:: | definition=cause to come into a particular state or condition | examples=Long hard years of on the job training had brought them to their competence; bring water to the boiling point
3. sense_key=bring%2:36:00:: | definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | synonyms=work, play, wreak, make for | examples=I cannot work a miracle; wreak havoc
4. sense_key=bring%2:35:00:: | definition=go or come after and bring or take back | synonyms=get, convey, fetch | examples=Get me those books over there, please; Could you bring the wine?
5. sense_key=bring%2:30:00:: | definition=bring into a different state | synonyms=land | examples=this may land you in jail
6. sense_key=bring%2:35:02:: | definition=be accompanied by | examples=Can I bring my cousin to the dinner?
7. sense_key=bring%2:36:01:: | definition=advance or set forth in court; , | synonyms=institute | examples=bring charges; institute proceedings
8. sense_key=bring%2:40:02:: | definition=bestow a quality on | synonyms=lend, impart, bestow, contribute, add | examples=Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company; The music added a lot to the play
9. sense_key=bring%2:40:00:: | definition=be sold for a certain price | synonyms=fetch, bring in | examples=The painting brought $10,000; The old print fetched a high price at the auction
10. sense_key=bring%2:37:05:: | definition=attract the attention of | examples=The noise and the screaming brought the curious
11. sense_key=bring%2:32:03:: | definition=induce or persuade | examples=The confession of one of the accused brought the others to admit to the crime as well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "brought" (past tense of "bring") based on the provided context.

Context snippet: "The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans <t>brought</t> into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982."

Target word: brought
Grammatical role: Past participle, used in a reduced relative clause (13 of the 52 freshman Republicans [who were] brought into office...).

Meaning in context: The Republicans were *introduced* or *elected* to the office. They were *delivered* or *placed* into the position of office.

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=bring%2:38:00:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=convey, take | (Physical movement/transport. Less likely for being elected/appointed.)
2. sense_key=bring%2:35:04:: | definition=cause to come into a particular state or condition | examples=Long hard years of on the job training had brought them to their competence; bring water to the boiling point | (Causing a state change. Possible, but perhaps too abstract.)
3. sense_key=bring%2:36:00:: | definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | synonyms=work, play, wreak, make for | (Causation/result. Not fitting the context of entering office.)
4. sense_key=bring%2:35:00:: | definition=go or come after and bring or take back | synonyms=get, convey, fetch | (Fetching/retrieving. Not fitting.)
5. sense_key=bring%2:30:00:: | definition=bring into a different state | synonyms=land | (Changing state. Too general.)
6. sense_key=bring%2:35:02:: | definition=be accompanied by | examples=Can I bring my cousin to the dinner? | (Accompanying. Incorrect usage here.)
7. sense_key=bring%2:36:01:: | definition=advance or set forth in court; , | synonyms=institute | (Legal action. Incorrect.)
8. sense_key=bring%2:40:02:: | definition=bestow a quality on | synonyms=lend, impart, bestow, contribute, add | (Giving a quality. Incorrect.)
9. sense_key=bring%2:40:00:: | definition=be sold for a certain price | synonyms=fetch, bring in | (Financial value. Incorrect.)
10. sense_key=bring%2:37:05:: | definition=attract the attention of | examples=The noise and the screaming brought the curious | (Attracting attention. Incorrect.)
11. sense_key=bring%2:32:03:: | definition=induce or persuade | examples=The confession of one of the accused brought the others to admit to the crime as well | (Persuading. Incorrect.)

Re-evaluating the senses, especially those related to movement or placement (1, 4).

The phrase "brought into office" means they were elected/appointed/placed into that position.

Sense 1: "take something or somebody with oneself somewhere" (convey, take). This sense covers the idea of moving or placing someone into a location or status. Being "brought into office" is a form of conveyance/placement into a political status.

Sense 4: "go or come after and bring or take back" (get, convey, fetch). This is similar to Sense 1, focusing on retrieval or delivery.

Sense 1 seems the most appropriate fit for the idea of being delivered or placed into a specific role/location (office).

Let's confirm Sense 1: definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=convey, take.
If we substitute: "13 of the 52 freshman Republicans [who were taken/conveyed] into office..." This fits the meaning of being elected/placed there.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: office
Target surface form: office
Context:
While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into <t>office</t> in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=office%1:06:00:: | definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | synonyms=business office | examples=he rented an office in the new building
2. sense_key=office%1:14:01:: | definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau
3. sense_key=office%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. sense_key=office%1:26:00:: | definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office
5. sense_key=office%1:14:00:: | definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | synonyms=office staff | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
6. sense_key=office%1:04:00:: | definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
7. sense_key=office%1:04:02:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, spot, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "office" in the provided context.

Context snippet:
"...The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into <t>office</t> in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."

The word "office" refers to the freshmen Republicans who were brought into it. The context discusses political roles, incumbents, defeat, and partisan roles in national policy making.

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=office%1:06:00::** | definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | synonyms=business office | (Physical location - unlikely)
2. **sense_key=office%1:14:01::** | definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority | (Government body/unit - unlikely, refers to individuals)
3. **sense_key=office%1:04:01::** | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, part, role | (Role/function - possible, but usually refers to the duties, not the state of being in power)
4. **sense_key=office%1:26:00::** | definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=power | (State of holding a political position/power - highly likely)
5. **sense_key=office%1:14:00::** | definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | synonyms=office staff | (People working in an office - unlikely)
6. **sense_key=office%1:04:00::** | definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | (Religious service - irrelevant)
7. **sense_key=office%1:04:02::** | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, spot, billet, place | (A specific job/post - possible, but sense 4 captures the political context of 'being in power' better, especially when discussing incumbents and defeat.)

The phrase "brought into office" in a political context means being elected or appointed to a position of power.

Sense 4: "(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power." This perfectly matches the political context of freshmen Republicans being brought into a position of power (office).

Sense 7: "a job in an organization." While a political position is a job, Sense 4 specifically addresses the *state* of holding that position in a governmental/political capacity, which is the nuance required here (vulnerability to defeat, incumbents).

Therefore, Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: revolution
Target surface form: revolution
Context:
While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan <t>revolution</t> and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=revolution%1:11:01:: | definition=a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving | examples=the industrial revolution was also a cultural revolution
2. sense_key=revolution%1:04:00:: | definition=the overthrow of a government by those who are governed
3. sense_key=revolution%1:11:00:: | definition=a single complete turn (axial or orbital) | synonyms=rotation, gyration | examples=the plane made three rotations before it crashed; the revolution of the earth about the sun takes one year

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "revolution" in the provided context.

Context snippet: "The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan <t>revolution</t> and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=revolution%1:11:01:: | definition=a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving | examples=the industrial revolution was also a cultural revolution
2. sense_key=revolution%1:04:00:: | definition=the overthrow of a government by those who are governed
3. sense_key=revolution%1:11:00:: | definition=a single complete turn (axial or orbital) | synonyms=rotation, gyration | examples=the plane made three rotations before it crashed; the revolution of the earth about the sun takes one year

Analysis:
1. **Sense 3 (Turn/Rotation):** This is clearly incorrect. The context is about political events (Reagan, Republicans, defeat, policy making).
2. **Sense 2 (Overthrow of government):** While political revolutions involve overthrowing government, the phrase "Reagan revolution" usually refers to a shift in political ideology or policy, not necessarily a violent overthrow of the existing regime (though it could imply a major political shift).
3. **Sense 1 (Drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving):** This sense fits the political context well. The "Reagan revolution" refers to the profound shift in American political and economic policy initiated by Ronald Reagan—a massive, far-reaching change in governance and ideology. The subsequent phrase, "spreading the Reagan revolution... in national policy making," reinforces the idea of a widespread ideological or policy change.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit. It captures the meaning of a major, transformative political/ideological shift associated with Reagan's tenure.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: run
Target surface form: running
Context:
While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and <t>running</t> for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=run%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time | examples=Don't run--you'll be out of breath; The children ran to the store
2. sense_key=run%2:38:04:: | definition=flee; take to one's heels; cut and run | synonyms=scat, scarper, turn tail, lam, run away, hightail it | examples=If you see this man, run!; The burglars escaped before the police showed up
3. sense_key=run%2:42:00:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=go, pass, lead, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
4. sense_key=run%2:41:02:: | definition=direct or control; projects, businesses, etc. | synonyms=operate | examples=She is running a relief operation in the Sudan
5. sense_key=run%2:42:04:: | definition=have a particular form | synonyms=go | examples=the story or argument runs as follows; as the saying goes...
6. sense_key=run%2:38:01:: | definition=move along, of liquids | synonyms=flow, feed, course | examples=Water flowed into the cave; the Missouri feeds into the Mississippi
7. sense_key=run%2:35:00:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, work, operate, go | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
8. sense_key=run%2:42:07:: | definition=change or be different within limits | synonyms=range | examples=Estimates for the losses in the earthquake range as high as $2 billion; Interest rates run from 5 to 10 percent
9. sense_key=run%2:33:06:: | definition=run, stand, or compete for an office or a position | synonyms=campaign | examples=Who's running for treasurer this year?
10. sense_key=run%2:36:01:: | definition=cause to emit recorded audio or video | synonyms=play | examples=They ran the tapes over and over again; I'll play you my favorite record
11. sense_key=run%2:38:11:: | definition=move about freely and without restraint, or act as if running around in an uncontrolled way | examples=who are these people running around in the building?; She runs around telling everyone of her troubles
12. sense_key=run%2:42:01:: | definition=have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined | synonyms=tend, be given, lean, incline | examples=She tends to be nervous before her lectures; These dresses run small
13. sense_key=run%2:35:04:: | definition=be operating, running or functioning | examples=The car is still running--turn it off!
14. sense_key=run%2:30:03:: | definition=change from one state to another | examples=run amok; run rogue
15. sense_key=run%2:30:07:: | definition=cause to perform | examples=run a subject; run a process
16. sense_key=run%2:42:02:: | definition=be affected by; be subjected to | examples=run a temperature; run a risk
17. sense_key=run%2:42:03:: | definition=continue to exist | synonyms=prevail, persist, die hard, endure | examples=These stories die hard; The legend of Elvis endures
18. sense_key=run%2:42:06:: | definition=occur persistently | examples=Musical talent runs in the family
19. sense_key=run%2:41:00:: | definition=carry out a process or program, as on a computer or a machine | synonyms=execute | examples=Run the dishwasher; run a new program on the Mac
20. sense_key=run%2:36:02:: | definition=include as the content; broadcast or publicize | synonyms=carry | examples=We ran the ad three times; This paper carries a restaurant review
21. sense_key=run%2:36:00:: | definition=carry out | examples=run an errand
22. sense_key=run%2:35:01:: | definition=pass over, across, or through | synonyms=guide, draw, pass | examples=He ran his eyes over her body; She ran her fingers along the carved figurine
23. sense_key=run%2:42:08:: | definition=cause something to pass or lead somewhere | synonyms=lead | examples=Run the wire behind the cabinet
24. sense_key=run%2:41:01:: | definition=make without a miss
25. sense_key=run%2:40:06:: | definition=deal in illegally, such as arms or liquor | synonyms=black market
26. sense_key=run%2:38:10:: | definition=cause an animal to move fast | examples=run the dogs
27. sense_key=run%2:38:08:: | definition=be diffused | synonyms=bleed | examples=These dyes and colors are guaranteed not to run
28. sense_key=run%2:38:03:: | definition=sail before the wind
29. sense_key=run%2:38:05:: | definition=cover by running; run a certain distance | examples=She ran 10 miles that day
30. sense_key=run%2:42:05:: | definition=extend or continue for a certain period of time | synonyms=run for | examples=The film runs 5 hours
31. sense_key=run%2:41:04:: | definition=set animals loose to graze
32. sense_key=run%2:38:02:: | definition=keep company | synonyms=consort | examples=the heifers run with the bulls to produce offspring
33. sense_key=run%2:38:06:: | definition=run with the ball; in such sports as football
34. sense_key=run%2:38:13:: | definition=travel rapidly, by any (unspecified) means | examples=Run to the store!; She always runs to Italy, because she has a lover there
35. sense_key=run%2:38:09:: | definition=travel a route regularly | synonyms=ply | examples=Ships ply the waters near the coast
36. sense_key=run%2:33:02:: | definition=pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals) | synonyms=hunt, hunt down, track down | examples=Goering often hunted wild boars in Poland; The dogs are running deer
37. sense_key=run%2:33:01:: | definition=compete in a race | synonyms=race | examples=he is running the Marathon this year; let's race and see who gets there first
38. sense_key=run%2:30:02:: | definition=progress by being changed | synonyms=move, go | examples=The speech has to go through several more drafts; run through your presentation before the meeting
39. sense_key=run%2:30:00:: | definition=reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating | synonyms=melt, melt down | examples=melt butter; melt down gold
40. sense_key=run%2:30:01:: | definition=come unraveled or undone as if by snagging | synonyms=ladder | examples=Her nylons were running
41. sense_key=run%2:30:04:: | definition=become undone | synonyms=unravel | examples=the sweater unraveled

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The target word is "running" in the phrase "...and running for re-election in 1982."
2.  **Determine the meaning of "running" in this context:** The context discusses political figures (freshmen Republicans) and their vulnerability to defeat. The phrase "running for re-election" is a standard political idiom.
3.  **Examine the candidate senses for relevance:**
    *   1. move fast by using one's feet (Physical movement) - Unlikely.
    *   2. flee (Escape) - Unlikely.
    *   3. stretch out over a distance (Extend) - Unlikely.
    *   4. direct or control (Operate) - Unlikely.
    *   5. have a particular form - Unlikely.
    *   6. move along, of liquids (Flow) - Unlikely.
    *   7. perform as expected when applied (Function) - Unlikely.
    *   8. change or be different within limits (Range) - Unlikely.
    *   9. run, stand, or compete for an office or a position (Campaign) - Highly relevant.
    *   10. cause to emit recorded audio or video (Play) - Unlikely.
    *   11. move about freely and without restraint (Act uncontrolled) - Unlikely.
    *   12. have a tendency or disposition to do or be something (Be inclined) - Unlikely.
    *   13. be operating, running or functioning (Operating) - Unlikely.
    *   14. change from one state to another (Run amok) - Unlikely.
    *   15. cause to perform (Cause to perform) - Unlikely.
    *   16. be affected by; be subjected to (Run a risk) - Unlikely.
    *   17. continue to exist (Persist) - Unlikely.
    *   18. occur persistently (Run in the family) - Unlikely.
    *   19. carry out a process or program (Execute) - Unlikely.
    *   20. include as the content; broadcast or publicize (Carry) - Unlikely.
    *   21. carry out (Run an errand) - Unlikely.
    *   22. pass over, across, or through (Guide) - Unlikely.
    *   23. cause something to pass or lead somewhere (Lead) - Unlikely.
    *   24. make without a miss - Unlikely.
    *   25. deal in illegally (Black market) - Unlikely.
    *   26. cause an animal to move fast - Unlikely.
    *   27. be diffused (Bleed) - Unlikely.
    *   28. sail before the wind - Unlikely.
    *   29. cover by running; run a certain distance (Run distance) - Unlikely.
    *   30. extend or continue for a certain period of time (Run for) - Possible, but sense 9 is more specific to the political context.
    *   31. set animals loose to graze - Unlikely.
    *   32. keep company (Consort) - Unlikely.
    *   33. run with the ball (Sports) - Unlikely.
    *   34. travel rapidly, by any (unspecified) means (Travel rapidly) - Unlikely.
    *   35. travel a route regularly (Ply) - Unlikely.
    *   36. pursue for food or sport (Hunt) - Unlikely.
    *   37. compete in a race (Race) - Unlikely.
    *   38. progress by being changed (Go through drafts) - Unlikely.
    *   39. reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state (Melt) - Unlikely.
    *   40. come unraveled or undone as if by snagging (Unravel) - Unlikely.
    *   41. become undone (Unravel) - Unlikely.

4.  **Select the best fit:** Sense 9, "run, stand, or compete for an office or a position," perfectly matches the meaning of "running for re-election."

5.  **Final check:** The phrase "running for re-election" means campaigning or competing for the office again. Sense 9 is the correct match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: freshman
Target surface form: freshmen
Context:
First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these <t>freshmen</t> placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=freshman%1:18:00:: | definition=a first-year undergraduate | synonyms=fresher
2. sense_key=freshman%1:18:01:: | definition=any new participant in some activity | synonyms=newcomer, fledgling, fledgeling, starter, neophyte, newbie

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "freshmen" based on the provided context.
The target lemma is "freshman".
The target surface form is "freshmen".

Context snippet:
"...The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these <t>freshmen</t> placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=freshman%1:18:00:: | definition=a first-year undergraduate | synonyms=fresher
2. sense_key=freshman%1:18:01:: | definition=any new participant in some activity | synonyms=newcomer, fledgling, fledgeling, starter, neophyte, newbie

Analysis:
The context refers to "52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980".
These individuals are Republicans who were elected to Congress (implied by the discussion of legislators, incumbents, and defeat).
They are described as being "brought into office" and are being evaluated based on their performance and vulnerability to defeat.

Sense 1: "a first-year undergraduate". This refers to university students. While a freshman *can* be a first-year undergraduate, the context clearly places these individuals in a political/legislative setting (Congress).
Sense 2: "any new participant in some activity". This is a broader sense. In the context of politics, a "freshman" legislator means a newly elected member, a newcomer to the political body.

Comparing the senses:
The individuals are new members of Congress.
Sense 2 ("any new participant in some activity") perfectly captures the meaning of a newly elected legislator (a new participant in the activity of governing/legislating).
Sense 1 ("a first-year undergraduate") is too narrow and incorrect for this political context.

Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 2 corresponds to index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: place
Target surface form: placed
Context:
First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen <t>placed</t> far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=place%2:35:00:: | definition=put into a certain place or abstract location | synonyms=put, set, pose, position, lay | examples=Put your things here; Set the tray down
2. sense_key=place%2:41:01:: | definition=place somebody in a particular situation or location | examples=he was placed on probation
3. sense_key=place%2:31:01:: | definition=assign a rank or rating to | synonyms=rate, rank, range, order, grade | examples=how would you rank these students?; The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide
4. sense_key=place%2:40:00:: | definition=assign a location to | synonyms=locate, site | examples=The company located some of their agents in Los Angeles
5. sense_key=place%2:32:01:: | definition=to arrange for | examples=place a phone call; place a bet
6. sense_key=place%2:31:03:: | definition=take a place in a competition; often followed by an ordinal | synonyms=come in, come out | examples=Jerry came in third in the Marathon
7. sense_key=place%2:33:03:: | definition=intend (something) to move towards a certain goal | synonyms=target, aim, direct, point | examples=He aimed his fists towards his opponent's face; criticism directed at her superior
8. sense_key=place%2:31:00:: | definition=recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something | synonyms=identify | examples=She identified the man on the 'wanted' poster
9. sense_key=place%2:41:00:: | definition=assign to (a job or a home)
10. sense_key=place%2:36:00:: | definition=locate | synonyms=set, localize, localise | examples=The film is set in Africa
11. sense_key=place%2:31:13:: | definition=estimate | synonyms=put, set | examples=We put the time of arrival at 8 P.M.
12. sense_key=place%2:42:00:: | definition=identify the location or place of | synonyms=localize, localise | examples=We localized the source of the infection
13. sense_key=place%2:40:03:: | definition=make an investment | synonyms=invest, put, commit | examples=Put money into bonds
14. sense_key=place%2:33:00:: | definition=assign to a station | synonyms=station, post, send
15. sense_key=place%2:33:02:: | definition=finish second or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to place
16. sense_key=place%2:32:00:: | definition=sing a note with the correct pitch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."
2.  **Identify the target word and its form:** Target lemma is 'place', target surface form is 'placed'.
3.  **Determine the meaning of 'placed' in this context:** The freshmen *placed* emphasis on their partisan role. This means they gave, assigned, or put a high degree of importance to this role.
4.  **Examine the candidate senses for relevance:**
    *   1. put into a certain place or abstract location (Physical placement) - Not relevant.
    *   2. place somebody in a particular situation or location (Physical/situational placement) - Not relevant.
    *   3. assign a rank or rating to (Rating) - Not relevant.
    *   4. assign a location to (Locating) - Not relevant.
    *   5. to arrange for (Arranging an action) - Not relevant.
    *   6. take a place in a competition (Competition finish) - Not relevant.
    *   7. intend (something) to move towards a certain goal (Aiming/Directing) - Related to focus, but 'placed emphasis' is usually about assigning importance.
    *   8. recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something (Identifying) - Not relevant.
    *   9. assign to (a job or a home) (Assignment) - Not relevant.
    *   10. locate (Physical location) - Not relevant.
    *   11. estimate (Numerical estimation) - Not relevant.
    *   12. identify the location or place of (Localization) - Not relevant.
    *   13. make an investment (Financial) - Not relevant.
    *   14. assign to a station (Assignment) - Not relevant.
    *   15. finish second or better in a horse or dog race (Betting) - Not relevant.
    *   16. sing a note with the correct pitch (Music) - Not relevant.
5.  **Re-evaluate the meaning 'placed emphasis':** This phrase means to give importance or weight to something.
6.  **Check the remaining senses for a match to 'assign importance/weight':**
    *   Sense 3: assign a rank or rating to. While 'emphasis' is a form of weighting, this sense is usually about ranking objects (students, restaurants).
    *   Sense 7: intend (something) to move towards a certain goal (Synonyms: target, aim, direct, point). This sense relates to directing focus or effort, which aligns well with 'placing emphasis' on a role/goal.
7.  **Compare Sense 7 and Sense 3 again:**
    *   If the phrase were "They rated their partisan role highly," Sense 3 would fit.
    *   Since the phrase is "They placed emphasis on their partisan role," they are *directing* their focus or *aiming* their efforts toward that role. Sense 7 (intend/aim/direct) is the closest conceptual match for assigning focus or direction.
8.  **Final Selection:** Sense 7 captures the idea of directing focus or effort towards a specific goal or area of importance, which is what "placing emphasis" means in this political context.

9.  **Format the output.**


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: emphasis
Target surface form: emphasis
Context:
First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more <t>emphasis</t> on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=emphasis%1:26:00:: | definition=special importance or significance | synonyms=accent | examples=the red light gave the central figure increased emphasis; the room was decorated in shades of grey with distinctive red accents
2. sense_key=emphasis%1:07:00:: | definition=intensity or forcefulness of expression | synonyms=vehemence | examples=the vehemence of his denial; his emphasis on civil rights
3. sense_key=emphasis%1:10:01:: | definition=special and significant stress by means of position or repetition e.g.
4. sense_key=emphasis%1:10:00:: | definition=the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch) | synonyms=stress, accent | examples=he put the stress on the wrong syllable

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Context:** The sentence is: "Because these freshmen placed far more <t>emphasis</t> on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."
2.  **Determine the Meaning of 'emphasis' in context:** The freshmen placed *more* emphasis on their partisan role (spreading the Reagan revolution) in national policy making. This suggests they prioritized or focused heavily on this role/activity.
3.  **Examine the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (emphasis%1:26:00):** Definition: special importance or significance. Synonyms: accent. Examples: "the red light gave the central figure increased emphasis." (Focus on importance/significance).
    *   **Sense 2 (emphasis%1:07:00):** Definition: intensity or forcefulness of expression. Synonyms: vehemence. Examples: "the vehemence of his denial; his emphasis on civil rights." (Focus on how something is expressed/stated).
    *   **Sense 3 (emphasis%1:10:01):** Definition: special and significant stress by means of position or repetition e.g. (This definition is incomplete in the prompt, but the description suggests stressing/highlighting something).
    *   **Sense 4 (emphasis%1:10:00):** Definition: the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch). Synonyms: stress, accent. Examples: "he put the stress on the wrong syllable." (Focus on linguistic/phonetic stress).

4.  **Match Context to Senses:**

    *   The context is about *prioritizing* a role ("partisan role... in national policy making"). This relates to *importance* or *focus*.
    *   Sense 4 is clearly about phonetics (syllable stress) and is incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 is about *expression* (vehemence), which doesn't fit the idea of prioritizing a role.
    *   Sense 1 is about *special importance or significance*. This fits well: they placed more *importance* on their partisan role.
    *   Sense 3 (though incomplete) often relates to highlighting or stressing a point/idea.

5.  **Refine Selection between Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1: "special importance or significance." (They gave *more importance* to their partisan role.)
    *   Sense 3: "special and significant stress by means of position or repetition." (They *stressed* their partisan role.)

    In the context of political roles and priorities, "placing emphasis on X" means giving X high importance or focus. Both Sense 1 and Sense 3 capture this idea of highlighting/prioritizing. However, Sense 1's definition ("special importance or significance") is the most direct and general fit for prioritizing a role or activity. Sense 3, while related, often leans toward rhetorical or structural emphasis (like repeating a phrase), whereas the context is about the *weight* or *priority* given to the role.

6.  **Final Check:** "They placed far more emphasis on their partisan role..." -> They placed far more *importance* on their partisan role. This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.

7.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the best fit. (Note: The prompt asks for the JSON structure using the index number, not the key).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: role
Target surface form: role
Context:
First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan <t>role</t> -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=role%1:04:00:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, part | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
2. sense_key=role%1:09:00:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, theatrical role, part, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
3. sense_key=role%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=function, purpose, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
4. sense_key=role%1:04:01:: | definition=normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting | examples=what is your role on the team?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target word: "role"
    *   Context sentence: "Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan <t>role</t> -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."
    *   Surrounding text suggests a discussion about political behavior, legislators, national policy making, and electoral vulnerability.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (role%1:04:00):** Definition: the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group. Synonyms: function, office, part. Examples: the function of a teacher; the government must do its part.
        *   *Fit Check:* The context discusses the *actions* (spreading the Reagan revolution) and the *expected activities* (partisan role) of the freshmen legislators in national policy making. This fits very well.

    *   **Sense 2 (role%1:09:00):** Definition: an actor's portrayal of someone in a play. Synonyms: character, theatrical role, part, persona. Examples: she played the part of Desdemona.
        *   *Fit Check:* The context is political, not theatrical. This is incorrect.

    *   **Sense 3 (role%1:07:00):** Definition: what something is used for. Synonyms: function, purpose, use. Examples: the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
        *   *Fit Check:* While "function" is a synonym, this sense usually refers to the inherent purpose of an object or system (e.g., the role of a wheel is to roll). Here, "role" refers to the *activity* or *function* performed by the person (the legislator), not the inherent purpose of the concept of "partisan role" itself. Sense 1 is more specific to human/social roles.

    *   **Sense 4 (role%1:04:01):** Definition: normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting. Examples: what is your role on the team?
        *   *Fit Check:* This is very close to Sense 1. It focuses on the *customary activity* in a *social setting*. The political setting is a social setting. However, Sense 1 ("actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group") is broader and better captures the idea of a *partisan* role—a specific, assigned political function/activity—than the general "customary activity" of Sense 4.

3.  **Compare Best Candidates (Sense 1 vs. Sense 4):**
    *   Context: "partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making."
    *   Sense 1: Actions/activities *assigned* or *expected* of a person/group. (Focuses on the required function/action).
    *   Sense 4: Normal or *customary* activity in a social setting. (Focuses on typical behavior).
    *   The phrase "partisan role" implies a specific, defined function or set of expected actions within the political structure, which aligns perfectly with Sense 1.

4.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the most precise fit for the political context.

5.  **Format Output:** Generate the required JSON object.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: spread
Target surface form: spreading
Context:
First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- <t>spreading</t> the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=spread%2:35:00:: | definition=distribute or disperse widely | synonyms=distribute | examples=The invaders spread their language all over the country
2. sense_key=spread%2:35:07:: | definition=become distributed or widespread | synonyms=propagate | examples=the infection spread; Optimism spread among the population
3. sense_key=spread%2:42:00:: | definition=spread across or over | synonyms=overspread | examples=A big oil spot spread across the water
4. sense_key=spread%2:35:03:: | definition=spread out or open from a closed or folded state | synonyms=unfold, spread out, open | examples=open the map; spread your arms
5. sense_key=spread%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to become widely known | synonyms=circulate, circularize, circularise, distribute, disseminate, propagate | examples=spread information; circulate a rumor
6. sense_key=spread%2:32:02:: | definition=become widely known and passed on | synonyms=go around, circulate | examples=the rumor spread; the story went around in the office
7. sense_key=spread%2:38:00:: | definition=strew or distribute over an area | synonyms=scatter, spread out | examples=He spread fertilizer over the lawn; scatter cards across the table
8. sense_key=spread%2:38:02:: | definition=move outward | synonyms=diffuse, spread out, fan out | examples=The soldiers fanned out
9. sense_key=spread%2:35:12:: | definition=cover by spreading something over | examples=spread the bread with cheese
10. sense_key=spread%2:35:13:: | definition=distribute over a surface in a layer | examples=spread cheese on a piece of bread

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: spread
    *   Target surface form: spreading
    *   Context sentence: "Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."
    *   The phrase is "spreading the Reagan revolution."

2.  **Determine the meaning of "spreading the Reagan revolution" in this context:**
    *   "Reagan revolution" refers to a major political shift or movement (a set of ideas, policies, or influence).
    *   "Spreading" in this context means promoting, disseminating, or emphasizing the influence of this movement/ideology. It's about making the movement known or having it take hold.

3.  **Examine the candidate senses:**

    *   1. `sense_key=spread%2:35:00`: distribute or disperse widely. (General distribution)
    *   2. `sense_key=spread%2:35:07`: become distributed or widespread. (Intransitive - the thing spreads itself)
    *   3. `sense_key=spread%2:42:00`: spread across or over. (Physical coverage)
    *   4. `sense_key=spread%2:35:03`: spread out or open from a closed or folded state. (Physical action)
    *   5. `sense_key=spread%2:32:00`: cause to become widely known. Synonyms: circulate, distribute, disseminate, propagate. (Focus on communication/ideas)
    *   6. `sense_key=spread%2:32:02`: become widely known and passed on. Synonyms: go around, circulate. (Intransitive - the rumor spreads)
    *   7. `sense_key=spread%2:38:00`: strew or distribute over an area. (Physical scattering)
    *   8. `sense_key=spread%2:38:02`: move outward. (Physical movement)
    *   9. `sense_key=spread%2:35:12`: cover by spreading something over. (Physical covering)
    *   10. `sense_key=spread%2:35:13`: distribute over a surface in a layer. (Physical layering)

4.  **Match the context to the best sense:**
    *   The context involves a political movement ("Reagan revolution") and the action of emphasizing/promoting it ("spreading"). This is an abstract, ideological dissemination, not a physical one (like spreading fertilizer or cheese).
    *   Sense 5 (`cause to become widely known`) perfectly matches the idea of promoting or disseminating an idea/movement. The freshmen are actively *causing* the revolution's influence to become widespread.
    *   Sense 1 is possible, but Sense 5 is more precise because it emphasizes the *knowledge* or *awareness* aspect (dissemination/propagation), which fits political movements better than just general distribution.
    *   Sense 6 is intransitive (the rumor spreads), while the context requires a transitive action (they are *spreading* the revolution).

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 5 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: revolution
Target surface form: revolution
Context:
First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan <t>revolution</t> -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=revolution%1:11:01:: | definition=a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving | examples=the industrial revolution was also a cultural revolution
2. sense_key=revolution%1:04:00:: | definition=the overthrow of a government by those who are governed
3. sense_key=revolution%1:11:00:: | definition=a single complete turn (axial or orbital) | synonyms=rotation, gyration | examples=the plane made three rotations before it crashed; the revolution of the earth about the sun takes one year

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target word: "revolution"
    *   Context sentence: "Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan <t>revolution</t> -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."
    *   Surrounding context: The passage discusses political dynamics, congressional elections, incumbents, national policy making, and partisan roles (specifically mentioning Reagan and Republicans).

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (revolution%1:11:01):** Definition: "a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving." Examples: "the industrial revolution was also a cultural revolution."
        *   *Fit Check:* The context mentions "spreading the Reagan revolution" in "national policy making." Reagan's political movement (the Reagan Revolution) is widely characterized as a massive, far-reaching change in American political and economic thought and policy. This fits the definition of a drastic change.

    *   **Sense 2 (revolution%1:04:00):** Definition: "the overthrow of a government by those who are governed."
        *   *Fit Check:* While the Reagan era involved significant political shifts, the phrase "spreading the Reagan revolution" in this context (focused on policy emphasis and vulnerability to defeat) is more about ideological/policy change than a literal, violent overthrow of the government structure. This sense is too narrow/literal for the usage here.

    *   **Sense 3 (revolution%1:11:00):** Definition: "a single complete turn (axial or orbital)." Synonyms: "rotation, gyration."
        *   *Fit Check:* This is the physical/astronomical sense. It is completely irrelevant to the political context.

3.  **Compare and Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 3 is out (physical rotation).
    *   Sense 2 is plausible but too specific (literal overthrow).
    *   Sense 1 perfectly captures the meaning of a major, transformative political/ideological movement ("Reagan revolution") that influences policy and behavior, which is exactly what the context describes.

4.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1.

5.  **Format the Output:** Return the JSON object with the correct sense index.