[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: notion
Target surface form: notion
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole <t>notion</t> of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
2. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: | definition=a general inclusive concept
3. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: | definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
4. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "notion" in the given context.

Context: "The whole <t>notion</t> of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction..."

Target word: notion

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
2. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: | definition=a general inclusive concept
3. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: | definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
4. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

Analysis:
The phrase is "The whole notion of 'creativity' in education".
"Creativity" here refers to a concept or idea about how education should function (encouraging self-expression, etc.).
The word "notion" is modifying or referring to this concept.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **sense_key=notion%1:09:02**: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" (synonyms: impression, feeling, belief, opinion). This fits well. The "notion of creativity" is the prevailing idea or belief about creativity in education.
2. **sense_key=notion%1:09:00**: "a general inclusive concept". This is very broad, but also plausible.
3. **sense_key=notion%1:09:01**: "an odd or fanciful or capricious idea" (synonyms: whim, whimsy, whimsey). While the context mentions "romantic rebellion" and "romantic extravagance," the core meaning of "notion of creativity" is the *concept* itself, not necessarily that the concept is inherently odd or whimsical, although the *movement* might be seen as such. Sense 1 captures the idea/belief aspect more accurately than Sense 3 captures the capriciousness aspect.
4. **sense_key=notion%1:06:00**: "small personal articles or clothing or sewing items". This is clearly incorrect in this context.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 1 ("a vague idea in which some confidence is placed," related to opinion/belief) is more specific and nuanced than Sense 2 ("a general inclusive concept"). The context is discussing a specific, shared *belief* or *idea* ("the whole notion of 'creativity'").

Sense 1 is the best fit.

Conclusion: The best sense is sense_key=notion%1:09:02.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in <t>education</t> was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "education" in the provided context.

Context:
"The whole notion of "creativity "in <t>education</t> was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."

Target word: education

Analysis of the context:
The sentence discusses "creativity" within the context of "education." It contrasts this notion with "disciplined instruction" and "authoritarian" methods, suggesting that "education" here refers to the system, process, or philosophy of learning and development of children.

Analysis of candidate senses:

1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
    * This sense covers the activities and methods of teaching/learning. This fits well with the discussion of "disciplined instruction" and "creativity" in the learning environment.

2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
    * This refers to the *result* (knowledge), not the system or process itself. Less likely.

3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
    * This refers to the *process* of learning. This is a very strong candidate, as the context is discussing the *notion* of creativity within the overall learning process.

4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
    * This refers to the *profession* (e.g., "He chose education"). The context is about the *system/philosophy* of learning, not the job title. Less likely.

5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
    * This is related to social refinement/manners, which is a specific type of upbringing, but the context is broader (creativity, intellectual incompetence, instruction). Less likely.

6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education... | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department
    * This is the governmental body. Clearly incorrect in this philosophical context.

Comparison between Sense 1 and Sense 3:
Sense 1: Activities of educating or instructing.
Sense 3: The gradual process of acquiring knowledge.

The context uses "education" as a concept ("The whole notion of 'creativity' in education...").
Sense 3, "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge," captures the abstract, systemic, and developmental nature of the concept being debated (creativity vs. disciplined instruction).
Sense 1, "the activities of educating or instructing," is also very close, but Sense 3 often encompasses the broader philosophical scope implied when discussing the *notion* of creativity within the system.

Let's re-examine the examples for Sense 3: "education is a preparation for life." This aligns perfectly with the discussion of how children are being developed (or frustrated) by the system.

Given the focus on the philosophical debate about how children are being taught and developed (creativity vs. authoritarian instruction), Sense 3 ("the gradual process of acquiring knowledge") is the most precise fit for the abstract concept of "education" being discussed.

Final choice: Sense 3.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: romantic
Target surface form: romantic
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a <t>romantic</t> rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=romantic%3:01:00:: | definition=belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts | synonyms=romanticist, romanticistic | examples=romantic poetry
2. sense_key=romantic%5:00:01:loving:00 | definition=expressive of or exciting sexual love or romance | synonyms=amatory, amorous | examples=her amatory affairs; amorous glances
3. sense_key=romantic%5:00:00:impractical:00 | definition=not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic | synonyms=quixotic, wild-eyed | examples=as quixotic as a restoration of medieval knighthood; a romantic disregard for money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "romantic" in the provided context.

Context: "The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a <t>romantic</t> rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive."

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=romantic%3:01:00:: | definition=belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts | synonyms=romanticist, romanticistic | examples=romantic poetry
2. sense_key=romantic%5:00:01:loving:00 | definition=expressive of or exciting sexual love or romance | synonyms=amatory, amorous | examples=her amatory affairs; amorous glances
3. sense_key=romantic%5:00:00:impractical:00 | definition=not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic | synonyms=quixotic, wild-eyed | examples=as quixotic as a restoration of medieval knighthood; a romantic disregard for money

Analysis:
The context describes the notion of creativity in education as a "rebellion against disciplined instruction" and a rejection of "authoritarian" methods. This rebellion is characterized as "romantic extravagance."

Let's evaluate the senses:

Sense 1 (Romanticism/Arts): While the concept of creativity might relate to artistic movements, the description here focuses on the *nature* of the rebellion (idealistic, anti-authoritarian) rather than its adherence to specific artistic tenets.

Sense 2 (Loving/Sexual Romance): This sense is clearly irrelevant. The context is about educational philosophy and rebellion, not love or sex.

Sense 3 (Impractical/Idealistic/Unrealistic): This sense aligns perfectly with the description of a "rebellion against disciplined instruction" and the idea of valuing "latent talents and wonderful... potentialities" over rigid rules. The phrase "romantic extravagance" strongly suggests an idealistic, perhaps impractical, enthusiasm. The synonyms (quixotic, wild-eyed) also fit the tone of an idealistic rebellion.

Conclusion: Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rebellion
Target surface form: rebellion
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic <t>rebellion</t> against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rebellion%1:04:01:: | definition=refusal to accept some authority or code or convention | examples=each generation must have its own rebellion; his body was in rebellion against fatigue
2. sense_key=rebellion%1:04:00:: | definition=organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another | synonyms=insurrection, revolt, rising, uprising

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "rebellion" in the provided context.

Context: "The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic <t>rebellion</t> against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."

Target word: rebellion

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=rebellion%1:04:01:: | definition=refusal to accept some authority or code or convention | examples=each generation must have its own rebellion; his body was in rebellion against fatigue
2. sense_key=rebellion%1:04:00:: | definition=organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another | synonyms=insurrection, revolt, rising, uprising

Analysis:
The context describes "creativity in education" as a "romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction."
"Disciplined instruction" is presented as "authoritarian" and a "repression."
This suggests a philosophical or cultural rejection of established rules/authority, rather than a physical, organized uprising (like a military revolt).

Let's evaluate the senses:
Sense 1: "refusal to accept some authority or code or convention." This aligns perfectly with a philosophical or cultural rejection of "disciplined instruction" (a code/convention/authority). The term "romantic rebellion" fits this sense of non-violent, ideological defiance.
Sense 2: "organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another." This implies a violent or highly structured political/military conflict (like an insurrection or revolt). While "disciplined instruction" is an authority, the context describes a "notion" or an attitude ("romantic extravagance"), not a physical conflict or organized uprising.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit because the rebellion is conceptual and ideological, representing a refusal to accept the conventions of "disciplined instruction."

The instructions require me to return a JSON object with the sense index. Since the candidates are numbered 1 and 2, I choose 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: disciplined
Target surface form: disciplined
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against <t>disciplined</t> instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=disciplined%5:00:00:controlled:00 | definition=obeying the rules
2. sense_key=disciplined%5:00:00:trained:00 | definition=trained mentally or physically by instruction or exercise | examples=the beautiful coordination of his disciplined muscles; a disciplined mind

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target word: "disciplined"
    *   Context sentence: "The whole notion of 'creativity' in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as 'authoritarian, 'a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   Surrounding concepts: "creativity," "romantic rebellion," "authoritarian," "repression," "frustration of latent talents."

2.  **Analyze the Candidates:**
    *   Candidate 1: `sense_key=disciplined%5:00:00:controlled:00` | `definition=obeying the rules`
    *   Candidate 2: `sense_key=disciplined%5:00:00:trained:00` | `definition=trained mentally or physically by instruction or exercise`

3.  **Evaluate Candidate 1 (Obeying the rules):**
    *   The context describes "disciplined instruction" being seen as "authoritarian" and a "repression."
    *   Instruction that emphasizes obedience and strict adherence to rules fits the description of "authoritarian" and "repression."
    *   *Fit:* Strong.

4.  **Evaluate Candidate 2 (Trained by instruction/exercise):**
    *   "Disciplined instruction" certainly involves training.
    *   However, the negative framing ("rebellion against," "authoritarian," "repression") suggests a focus on rigid control and conformity rather than just the act of learning/training itself. While training is involved, the *nature* of the instruction being rejected is its strict, controlling, rule-bound quality.
    *   *Fit:* Moderate/Strong, but perhaps less precise than Candidate 1 given the strong negative connotations of "authoritarian."

5.  **Compare and Select the Best Fit:**
    *   The phrase "disciplined instruction" in this context is being contrasted with "creativity" and is labeled "authoritarian" and "repression."
    *   "Authoritarian" strongly aligns with strict control and adherence to rules (Candidate 1: obeying the rules).
    *   While training (Candidate 2) is a component, the *essence* of the criticism is the lack of freedom and the enforcement of conformity, which is best captured by "obeying the rules" or strict control.

6.  **Final Decision:** Candidate 1 (obeying the rules/controlled) is the most precise fit for "disciplined instruction" when it is being characterized as "authoritarian" and "repressive."

7.  **Format Output:** (The prompt requires returning only a JSON object with the sense index.)
    *   Candidate 1 is index 1.
    *   Candidate 2 is index 2.
    *   The chosen sense is Candidate 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: instruction
Target surface form: instruction
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined <t>instruction</t>, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=instruction%1:10:04:: | definition=a message describing how something is to be done | synonyms=direction | examples=he gave directions faster than she could follow them
2. sense_key=instruction%1:04:01:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=education, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
3. sense_key=instruction%1:04:00:: | definition=the profession of a teacher | synonyms=teaching, pedagogy | examples=he prepared for teaching while still in college; pedagogy is recognized as an important profession
4. sense_key=instruction%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a line of code written as part of a computer program | synonyms=command, statement, program line

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "instruction" based on the provided context.

Context:
"The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined <t>instruction</t>, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."

Target word: instruction

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=instruction%1:10:04:: | definition=a message describing how something is to be done | synonyms=direction | examples=he gave directions faster than she could follow them (Focuses on directions/commands)
2. sense_key=instruction%1:04:01:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=education, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed (Focuses on the process of teaching/education)
3. sense_key=instruction%1:04:00:: | definition=the profession of a teacher | synonyms=teaching, pedagogy | examples=he prepared for teaching while still in college; pedagogy is recognized as an important profession (Focuses on the job/profession)
4. sense_key=instruction%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a line of code written as part of a computer program | synonyms=command, statement, program line (Irrelevant context)

Analysis:
The context discusses "creativity in education" and a "rebellion against disciplined instruction." The instruction is described as "authoritarian," leading to "repression and frustration of the latent talents."

This strongly suggests that "instruction" refers to the methods or activities used in education, specifically those that are rigid or disciplined.

Comparing the senses:
1. Sense 1 (directions/message): Does not fit the educational context of "disciplined instruction" leading to repression of talents.
2. Sense 2 (activities of educating or instructing): This perfectly matches the context. "Disciplined instruction" refers to the structured methods of teaching/education.
3. Sense 3 (profession of a teacher): While related to education, the context refers to the *act* or *system* of instruction ("disciplined instruction"), not the *profession* itself.
4. Sense 4 (computer code): Irrelevant.

Conclusion: Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: authoritarian
Target surface form: authoritarian
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "<t>authoritarian</t>, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=authoritarian%5:00:00:undemocratic:00 | definition=characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule; having absolute sovereignty | synonyms=autocratic, dictatorial, despotic, tyrannic, tyrannical | examples=an authoritarian regime; autocratic government
2. sense_key=authoritarian%5:00:00:domineering:00 | definition=expecting unquestioning obedience | synonyms=dictatorial, overbearing | examples=the timid child of authoritarian parents; insufferably overbearing behavior toward the waiter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
"sense_index": 1
}
```

content:
```json
{
"sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target word: "authoritarian"
    *   Context sentence: "The whole notion of 'creativity' in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as 'authoritarian', 'a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   The word "authoritarian" is used to describe "disciplined instruction."
    *   The definition provided immediately after ("a repression and frustration of the latent talents...") clarifies what the speaker means by "authoritarian" in this context.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:**
        *   `sense_key=authoritarian%5:00:00:undemocratic:00`
        *   `definition=characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule; having absolute sovereignty`
        *   `synonyms=autocratic, dictatorial, despotic, tyrannic, tyrannical`
        *   `examples=an authoritarian regime; autocratic government`
        *   *Relevance check:* Disciplined instruction, when viewed as "repression and frustration of latent talents," aligns strongly with the concept of absolute control or rule (autocratic/dictatorial style of instruction).

    *   **Sense 2:**
        *   `sense_key=authoritarian%5:00:00:domineering:00`
        *   `definition=expecting unquestioning obedience`
        *   `synonyms=dictatorial, overbearing`
        *   `examples=the timid child of authoritarian parents; insufferably overbearing behavior toward the waiter`
        *   *Relevance check:* Disciplined instruction that represses talent certainly involves expecting obedience and being domineering. This sense is also highly relevant.

3.  **Compare and select the best fit:**

    *   The context contrasts "creativity" (self-expression, latent talents) with "disciplined instruction."
    *   Sense 1 focuses on the *systemic* nature of absolute control (regime, sovereignty).
    *   Sense 2 focuses on the *behavioral* aspect of demanding obedience (domineering, overbearing).
    *   While both senses are related, the description "a repression and frustration of the latent talents" points to a system or style of control that is fundamentally *undemocratic* and *absolute* in its demands, which is the core meaning of Sense 1 (autocratic/dictatorial rule/system). Sense 2 is a consequence of Sense 1.
    *   In the context of education/instruction, "authoritarian" often refers to a pedagogical style that is highly controlling and non-participatory, fitting the definition of absolute rule/control (Sense 1).

4.  **Final Decision:** Sense 1 provides the broader, more structural definition (absolute rule/system) that best captures the idea of instruction being a "repression and frustration" of inherent potential, which is the central theme of the passage.

5.  **Format the output.** (The prompt requires returning only a JSON object with the sense index.)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: repression
Target surface form: repression
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a <t>repression</t> and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=repression%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of forcible subjugation | examples=the long repression of Christian sects
2. sense_key=repression%1:22:00:: | definition=(psychiatry) the classical defense mechanism that protects you from impulses or ideas that would cause anxiety by preventing them from becoming conscious
3. sense_key=repression%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of repressing; control by holding down | examples=his goal was the repression of insolence

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "repression" based on the provided context.

Context:
"...The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a <t>repression</t> and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."

Target word: repression

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=repression%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of forcible subjugation | examples=the long repression of Christian sects
2. sense_key=repression%1:22:00:: | definition=(psychiatry) the classical defense mechanism that protects you from impulses or ideas that would cause anxiety by preventing them from becoming conscious
3. sense_key=repression%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of repressing; control by holding down | examples=his goal was the repression of insolence

Analysis:
The context describes disciplined instruction as being "authoritarian" and being viewed as a "repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful... potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."

This usage relates to suppressing or holding down natural talents, potential, or inner impulses/creativity.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **Forcible subjugation (e.g., political/sectarian):** While "authoritarian" suggests subjugation, the context specifically links it to the suppression of *talents* and *potentialities* in children. This sense is too broad or political, though related.
2. **Psychiatric defense mechanism (unconscious suppression):** This is a specific psychological concept. While the context deals with inner potential, the description ("disciplined instruction") points more towards an external act of control rather than an internal, unconscious defense mechanism.
3. **The act of repressing; control by holding down:** This sense perfectly matches the idea of "frustration of the latent talents." Disciplined instruction is seen as an external force *holding down* or *controlling* the natural potential of the children.

Conclusion: Sense 3, "the act of repressing; control by holding down," is the best fit, as it describes the external act of stifling potential, which aligns with the description of authoritarian instruction.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: frustration
Target surface form: frustration
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and <t>frustration</t> of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=frustration%1:12:00:: | definition=the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals | synonyms=defeat
2. sense_key=frustration%1:04:02:: | definition=an act of hindering someone's plans or efforts | synonyms=thwarting, foiling
3. sense_key=frustration%1:12:01:: | definition=a feeling of annoyance at being hindered or criticized | examples=her constant complaints were the main source of his frustration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "frustration" based on the provided context and candidate senses.

Context snippet:
"...which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and <t>frustration</t> of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."

Target word: frustration

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=frustration%1:12:00:: | definition=the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals | synonyms=defeat
2. sense_key=frustration%1:04:02:: | definition=an act of hindering someone's plans or efforts | synonyms=thwarting, foiling
3. sense_key=frustration%1:12:01:: | definition=a feeling of annoyance at being hindered or criticized | examples=her constant complaints were the main source of his frustration

Analysis of the context:
The phrase is "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful... potentialities".
"Repression" here means holding back or preventing the expression of something (talents/potentialities).
"Frustration" is used parallel to "repression" and refers to the action or state that prevents the talents from developing or being realized.

Let's evaluate the senses:

Sense 1: "the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals." (Focuses on the *feeling*).
In the context, "frustration" is listed alongside "repression" as something that *is* done to the talents (a noun describing the action/state of being blocked), not necessarily the internal feeling of the child/talent itself.

Sense 2: "an act of hindering someone's plans or efforts." (Focuses on the *action* of blocking).
This aligns well with "repression" and the idea of preventing the realization of "latent talents and potentialities." The authoritarian instruction is the *act* of hindering/frustrating the talents.

Sense 3: "a feeling of annoyance at being hindered or criticized." (Focuses on the *feeling* of annoyance).
Similar to Sense 1, this emphasizes the internal emotional state, which seems less appropriate when paired with "repression" as a mechanism acting upon "talents."

Conclusion:
The context uses "frustration" in a structural role parallel to "repression," describing the mechanism by which talents are blocked. This points strongly to the sense meaning the *act* or *state* of hindering or thwarting, rather than the resulting emotional feeling.

Sense 2 ("an act of hindering someone's plans or efforts") is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: latent
Target surface form: latent
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the <t>latent</t> talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=latent%5:00:00:potential:00 | definition=potentially existing but not presently evident or realized | examples=a latent fingerprint; latent talent
2. sense_key=latent%5:00:00:inactive:02 | definition=(pathology) not presently active | examples=latent infection; latent diabetes

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "latent" based on the provided context.

Context:
"...a repression and frustration of the <t>latent</t> talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=latent%5:00:00:potential:00 | definition=potentially existing but not presently evident or realized | examples=a latent fingerprint; latent talent
2. sense_key=latent%5:00:00:inactive:02 | definition=(pathology) not presently active | examples=latent infection; latent diabetes

Analysis:
The word "latent" modifies "talents".
The phrase is "latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities".
"Potentialities" strongly suggests something that exists but has not yet been realized or expressed.

Sense 1 definition: "potentially existing but not presently evident or realized".
Sense 1 examples: "latent fingerprint; latent talent".

Sense 2 definition: "(pathology) not presently active".
Sense 2 examples: "latent infection; latent diabetes".

The context clearly relates to undeveloped or hidden talents/potentialities, which aligns perfectly with Sense 1 ("potentially existing but not presently evident or realized") and the example "latent talent". Sense 2 relates to medical conditions being inactive, which is irrelevant here.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: talent
Target surface form: talents
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent <t>talents</t> and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=talent%1:09:00:: | definition=natural abilities or qualities | synonyms=endowment, gift, natural endowment
2. sense_key=talent%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who possesses unusual innate ability in some field or activity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: talent
    *   Target surface form: talents
    *   Context snippet: "...a repression and frustration of the latent <t>talents</t> and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   The context discusses education, creativity, self-expression, and the potential of children. The word "latent" (hidden, undeveloped) modifies "talents."

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** `talent%1:09:00:: | definition=natural abilities or qualities | synonyms=endowment, gift, natural endowment`
        *   This refers to inherent skills or potential (e.g., musical talent, mathematical talent).
    *   **Sense 2:** `talent%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who possesses unusual innate ability in some field or activity`
        *   This refers to the *person* (e.g., "She is a talent").

3.  **Determine the best fit:**
    *   The phrase is "latent talents." "Latent" modifies an ability or quality, not a person.
    *   The context is discussing the potential inherent in the "souls of all our children." This potential is best described as natural abilities or qualities (Sense 1).
    *   Sense 2 (the person) is incorrect because the context refers to the potential *within* the children, not the children themselves being defined as talents.

4.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the best fit.

5.  **Format the output:** The instruction requires a JSON object with the sense index. Since the candidates are numbered 1 and 2, the chosen sense is 1. (Wait, the instructions ask for `{"sense_index": 3}` as an example, implying the index should correspond to the chosen sense number, but the provided candidates are only 1 and 2. I will use the index of the chosen sense.)

*Self-Correction/Refinement:* The provided example output format is `{"sense_index": 3}`. Since I chose Sense 1, the output should be `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yet
Target surface form: yet
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as <t>yet</t> undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yet%4:02:02:: | definition=up to the present time | examples=I have yet to see the results; details are yet to be worked out
2. sense_key=yet%4:02:04:: | definition=used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time | synonyms=so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet | examples=So far he hasn't called; the sun isn't up yet
3. sense_key=yet%4:02:03:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=yet%4:02:00:: | definition=within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time | synonyms=in time | examples=he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves; sooner or later you will have to face the facts
5. sense_key=yet%4:02:05:: | definition=used after a superlative | synonyms=so far | examples=this is the best so far; the largest drug bust yet
6. sense_key=yet%4:02:06:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, still, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "yet" in the provided context.

Context:
"...a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as <t>yet</t> undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."

Target word: yet

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yet%4:02:02:: | definition=up to the present time | examples=I have yet to see the results; details are yet to be worked out (Temporal, incomplete action)
2. sense_key=yet%4:02:04:: | definition=used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time | synonyms=so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet | examples=So far he hasn't called; the sun isn't up yet (Temporal, negative)
3. sense_key=yet%4:02:03:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem (Comparative/Intensifier)
4. sense_key=yet%4:02:00:: | definition=within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time | synonyms=in time | examples=he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves; sooner or later you will have to face the facts (Future time)
5. sense_key=yet%4:02:05:: | definition=used after a superlative | synonyms=so far | examples=this is the best so far; the largest drug bust yet (Superlative marker)
6. sense_key=yet%4:02:06:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, still, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed (Concessive/Adverbial)

Analysis of the context:
"...the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."

Here, "yet" modifies "undefined." It means that these potentialities are currently undefined, but they might be defined in the future. It functions as an adverb meaning "up to this point" or "so far."

Let's evaluate the candidates:

1. (up to the present time): This is related to temporal limits, but usually used with perfect tenses (e.g., "I have yet to see"). Less fitting for modifying an adjective like "undefined."
2. (used in negative statement... up to the present time): This sense is typically used in negative constructions (e.g., "not yet"). The phrase "as yet undefined" is not strictly a negative statement, although it implies a lack of definition *so far*.
3. (to a greater degree or extent): This is comparative/intensifier. Incorrect.
4. (within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time): This sense captures the idea of something not having happened/been defined *up to now*, but potentially happening/being defined later. This fits well with "as yet undefined."
5. (used after a superlative): Incorrect.
6. (despite anything to the contrary): This is concessive. Incorrect.

Comparing 2 and 4:
Sense 2 focuses on negative statements ("hasn't called yet").
Sense 4 focuses on future possibility ("yet to show themselves").

In "as yet undefined," the meaning is "not defined up to this point in time." This strongly aligns with the temporal meaning of "up to the present time."

Sense 4: "he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves." (Future possibility)
Context: "potentialities... as yet undefined." (Current state of being undefined, implying future possibility of definition).

Both 2 and 4 relate to temporal limits. However, the structure "as yet [adjective/participle]" is a common way to express that something has not reached a certain state *up to the present moment*.

Let's re-examine the synonyms for Sense 2: "so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet."
The phrase "as yet undefined" is a perfect match for the usage described by Sense 2, even if the main clause isn't strictly negative (it's a descriptive clause). It means "up to this point, they are undefined."

Let's re-examine the synonyms for Sense 4: "in time."
This usually implies a future deadline or event.

Given the strong presence of "as yet," which is synonymous with the usage described in Sense 2, Sense 2 is the most precise fit for the temporal meaning of "up to the present time."

Final check: "as yet undefined" = "not defined so far." This matches Sense 2's core meaning ("up to the present time").

I will choose Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: potentiality
Target surface form: potentialities
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, <t>potentialities</t> inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=potentiality%1:26:00:: | definition=the inherent capacity for coming into being | synonyms=potential, potency
2. sense_key=potentiality%1:09:00:: | definition=an aptitude that may be developed | synonyms=capability, capableness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "potentialities" in the given context.
The target lemma is "potentiality".
The context is: "...a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=potentiality%1:26:00:: | definition=the inherent capacity for coming into being | synonyms=potential, potency
2. sense_key=potentiality%1:09:00:: | definition=an aptitude that may be developed | synonyms=capability, capableness

Analysis of the context:
The phrase is "latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
"Latent talents" refers to abilities or skills that exist but are not yet fully expressed or developed.
"Potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children" refers to the innate, undeveloped capacities within them.

Comparing the senses:
Sense 1: "the inherent capacity for coming into being" (synonyms: potential, potency). This aligns well with the idea of something existing within the soul/child that has the capacity to manifest.
Sense 2: "an aptitude that may be developed" (synonyms: capability, capableness). This also aligns, as talents and capacities are aptitudes that can be developed.

Distinguishing between Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 1 emphasizes the *inherent capacity* (the state of being able to become).
Sense 2 emphasizes the *aptitude* (the specific skill or ability that can be trained).

In the context of "latent talents" and "inherent in the souls," the focus is on the fundamental, undeveloped nature of these abilities.
"Latent talents" are essentially inherent capacities waiting to be realized.

If we use Sense 1 ("inherent capacity for coming into being"), it captures the philosophical and fundamental nature of these innate qualities ("inherent in the souls").
If we use Sense 2 ("an aptitude that may be developed"), it is slightly more practical/pedagogical, focusing on the skill itself.

Given the phrasing "latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities," Sense 1, which speaks to the fundamental, inherent potentiality, seems the stronger fit. The potential is not just a specific skill (aptitude), but the entire capacity for development and realization.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best choice.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherent
Target surface form: inherent
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities <t>inherent</t> in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherent%5:00:00:intrinsic:00 | definition=existing as an essential constituent or characteristic | synonyms=built-in, constitutional, inbuilt, integral | examples=the Ptolemaic system with its built-in concept of periodicity; a constitutional inability to tell the truth
2. sense_key=inherent%5:00:00:implicit:00 | definition=in the nature of something though not readily apparent | synonyms=implicit in, underlying | examples=shortcomings inherent in our approach; an underlying meaning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "inherent" in the provided context.
I need to choose the single best sense from the two candidates provided.

Context snippet:
"...a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities <t>inherent</t> in the souls of all our children."

Target word: inherent

Candidate 1:
sense_key=inherent%5:00:00:intrinsic:00
definition=existing as an essential constituent or characteristic
synonyms=built-in, constitutional, inbuilt, integral
examples=the Ptolemaic system with its built-in concept of periodicity; a constitutional inability to tell the truth

Candidate 2:
sense_key=inherent%5:00:00:implicit:00
definition=in the nature of something though not readily apparent
synonyms=implicit in, underlying
examples=shortcomings inherent in our approach; an underlying meaning

Analysis:
The phrase is "potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
"Potentialities" refers to latent talents and capabilities.
The word "inherent" describes these potentialities.

Does "inherent" here mean:
1. Existing as an essential constituent or characteristic (Intrinsic)? Yes, the potential is part of the child's nature/soul.
2. In the nature of something though not readily apparent (Implicit)? Yes, the potential is latent (not readily apparent).

Let's compare the candidates based on the context.
The context emphasizes that these are "latent talents" and "wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities."

Candidate 1 (Intrinsic): Focuses on being an essential part or characteristic. This fits well with "potentialities in the souls."
Candidate 2 (Implicit): Focuses on being hidden or not obvious. This also fits well with "latent."

However, the concept of "potentiality" itself is fundamentally about an *intrinsic* capacity waiting to be realized. While it is *implicit* (not yet realized), its existence is a defining, essential characteristic of the individual (the soul/child).

Let's look at the synonyms and examples.
C1 synonyms: built-in, integral. (Strongly suggests essential nature).
C2 synonyms: implicit in, underlying. (Strongly suggests hiddenness).

In the phrase "potentialities inherent in the souls," the primary meaning is that these capabilities are *part of* the child's nature (intrinsic/essential), even if they are currently undeveloped (latent/implicit).

If I choose C1 (intrinsic), I emphasize that the potential is a fundamental part of the child.
If I choose C2 (implicit), I emphasize that the potential is currently hidden or not obvious.

Since the context links it to "latent talents" and "souls," the idea that these talents are an *essential characteristic* (intrinsic) of the human condition/soul seems to be the stronger, more encompassing meaning than merely being hidden (implicit). The potential *is* the essential characteristic.

Therefore, Candidate 1 is the best fit.

Final check:
Context: potentialities inherent in the souls.
C1: existing as an essential constituent or characteristic. (Matches "in the souls").
C2: in the nature of something though not readily apparent. (Matches "latent," but C1 captures the deeper meaning of essential nature).

I will select Candidate 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: soul
Target surface form: souls
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the <t>souls</t> of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=soul%1:18:00:: | definition=the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life | synonyms=psyche
2. sense_key=soul%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=person, individual, someone, somebody, mortal | examples=there was too much for one person to do
3. sense_key=soul%1:12:00:: | definition=deep feeling or emotion | synonyms=soulfulness
4. sense_key=soul%1:04:00:: | definition=the human embodiment of something | examples=the soul of honor
5. sense_key=soul%1:10:00:: | definition=a secular form of gospel that was a major Black musical genre in the 1960s and 1970s | examples=soul was politically significant during the Civil Rights movement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "souls" (plural of "soul") based on the provided context.

Context:
"...a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the <t>souls</t> of all our children."

Target word: souls (plural of soul)

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=soul%1:18:00:: | definition=the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life | synonyms=psyche
2. sense_key=soul%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=person, individual, someone, somebody, mortal | examples=there was too much for one person to do
3. sense_key=soul%1:12:00:: | definition=deep feeling or emotion | synonyms=soulfulness
4. sense_key=soul%1:04:00:: | definition=the human embodiment of something | examples=the soul of honor
5. sense_key=soul%1:10:00:: | definition=a secular form of gospel that was a major Black musical genre in the 1960s and 1970s | examples=soul was politically significant during the Civil Rights movement

Analysis:
The phrase is "potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
The context discusses children, their talents, and their potential.
"Souls" here refers to the essential, inner nature or being of the children.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life (psyche):** This fits perfectly. The "potentialities inherent in the souls" refers to the inherent, non-physical essence of the children.
2. **a human being (person):** While the soul belongs to a person, using "souls of all our children" to mean "children themselves" is less precise than referring to their inner nature/potential.
3. **deep feeling or emotion:** This is too narrow. The context is about inherent potential and talents, not just momentary feelings.
4. **the human embodiment of something:** This is usually used metaphorically (e.g., "the soul of honor") and doesn't fit the structure "souls of all our children."
5. **a secular form of gospel... (music):** This is clearly irrelevant.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 1 (immaterial part/psyche) captures the idea of inherent, latent potential better than Sense 2 (human being). When discussing "potentialities inherent in X," X is usually the underlying essence (the soul/psyche), not the physical body/person itself.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

Wait, I need to check the provided JSON structure requirement. The user asks for a JSON object with `{"sense_index": 3}` if sense 3 is chosen. I must ensure I map my chosen sense (Sense 1) to the correct index number.

Sense 1 -> Index 1
Sense 2 -> Index 2
Sense 3 -> Index 3
Sense 4 -> Index 4
Sense 5 -> Index 5

My choice is Sense 1.

Wait, the instructions say: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." This implies I must return the index number corresponding to the chosen sense.

Chosen sense: Sense 1.
Index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our <t>children</t>. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target surface form: "children" (plural of "child").
    *   Context snippet: "...the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our <t>children</t>. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive."
    *   Surrounding text discusses parents, elementary schools, creativity in education, self-expression, and the talents/potentialities of young people.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (child%1:18:00):** Definition: a young person of either sex. Synonyms: kid, youngster, minor. Examples: she writes books for children; they're just kids.
        *   *Fit:* The context refers to the "potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children" in the context of education and development. This aligns well with "young person."

    *   **Sense 2 (child%1:18:01):** Definition: a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age. Synonyms: kid. Examples: they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college.
        *   *Fit:* While the children mentioned are likely offspring, the focus of the sentence is on their *potentialities* and their role in the educational system, not merely their status as offspring. However, "offspring" is a valid interpretation.

    *   **Sense 3 (child%1:18:06):** Definition: an immature childish person. Synonyms: baby. Examples: he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
        *   *Fit:* This sense implies immaturity or arrested development. The context is about the *potential* for growth and talent, not necessarily a state of being immature or childish in a negative sense. (Less likely).

    *   **Sense 4 (child%1:18:07):** Definition: a member of a clan or tribe. Examples: the children of Israel.
        *   *Fit:* Completely irrelevant to the educational/developmental context. (Reject).

3.  **Compare Best Candidates (Sense 1 vs. Sense 2):**

    *   The context is: "...potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   Sense 2 (Offspring): Focuses on the relationship (parent/child).
    *   Sense 1 (Young Person): Focuses on the age/status (young person needing development).

    In the context of educational philosophy ("creativity in education," "latent talents," "potentialities"), the term is used to refer to the group of young students/individuals who are the subject of the educational debate. Sense 1 ("a young person of either sex") captures this general demographic and developmental status most accurately, encompassing the idea of potentiality better than the strict biological definition of "offspring" (Sense 2), although Sense 2 is also plausible.

    *Re-evaluation:* The phrase "all our children" in this context (parents discussing education) strongly implies their own offspring. However, Sense 1 is broader and fits the abstract discussion of "potentialities" better. Let's look closely at the provided examples for Sense 1: "she writes books for children; they're just kids." This usage is general. Sense 2: "they had three children." This usage is specific to biological offspring. Since the text is discussing the *nature* of the students (their talents, their souls), Sense 1 (young person) is the most semantically robust fit for the abstract discussion.

4.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1 is the best fit because it emphasizes the status of the individuals as young people whose potential is being discussed in the context of education, rather than strictly defining them by their parental relationship.

5.  **Format Output.** (The instruction requires returning the index number of the chosen sense).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: parents
Context:
But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that <t>parents</t> find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "parents" in the given context.
The target lemma is "parent".
The target surface form is "parents".

Context:
"It is not surprising that <t>parents</t> find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Analysis:
The context discusses "creativity" in education, "youngsters," "children," and the desire for children to get a "decent education."
The sentence states: "It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive."
The subsequent sentence refers to "these same parents" who "do want their children to get a decent education."

The usage clearly refers to the people who raise and educate children (human parents).

Comparing with candidates:
Sense 1: "a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian." This matches the context perfectly.
Sense 2: "an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained." This refers to biological reproduction in plants/animals and is irrelevant to the educational context.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: find
Context:
But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents <t>find</t> this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "find" in the given context.

Context: "It is not surprising that parents <t>find</t> this romantic extravagance so attractive."

Target word: find
Contextual meaning: The parents perceive or believe that this romantic extravagance (the notion of creativity in education) is attractive.

Candidate senses analysis:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with. (Physical encounter/chance) -> Unlikely.
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of. (Discovery/detection) -> Possible, but usually implies objective verification, not subjective feeling about attractiveness.
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost. (Locating lost items) -> Unlikely.
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study. (Determining facts/results) -> Unlikely.
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds. synonyms=feel. examples=I find him to be obnoxious. -> This matches the context perfectly. The parents *feel* or *believe* (based on their perspective/emotion) that the extravagance is attractive.
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with. (Witnessing) -> Unlikely.
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose. (Acquiring) -> Unlikely.
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: definition=make a discovery, make a new finding. (Scientific discovery) -> Unlikely.
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: definition=make a discovery. (General discovery) -> Less precise than sense 5, as the context is about subjective judgment ("attractive"), not objective discovery.
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: definition=obtain through effort or management. (Acquiring resources/time) -> Unlikely.
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: definition=decide on and make a declaration about. (Ruling) -> Unlikely.
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract). (Receiving expression) -> Unlikely.
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place. (Self-perception of state) -> Unlikely.
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: definition=get or find back; recover the use of. (Regaining) -> Unlikely.
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at. (Hitting a target) -> Unlikely.
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation. (Self-discovery) -> Unlikely.

Sense 5, "come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds," is the best fit for "find [something] attractive," meaning they perceive it as attractive.

The corresponding sense index is 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: romantic
Target surface form: romantic
Context:
But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this <t>romantic</t> extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=romantic%3:01:00:: | definition=belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts | synonyms=romanticist, romanticistic | examples=romantic poetry
2. sense_key=romantic%5:00:01:loving:00 | definition=expressive of or exciting sexual love or romance | synonyms=amatory, amorous | examples=her amatory affairs; amorous glances
3. sense_key=romantic%5:00:00:impractical:00 | definition=not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic | synonyms=quixotic, wild-eyed | examples=as quixotic as a restoration of medieval knighthood; a romantic disregard for money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "romantic" in the given context.

Context: "The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this <t>romantic</t> extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands."

Target word: "romantic"

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=romantic%3:01:00:: | definition=belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts | synonyms=romanticist, romanticistic | examples=romantic poetry
2. sense_key=romantic%5:00:01:loving:00 | definition=expressive of or exciting sexual love or romance | synonyms=amatory, amorous | examples=her amatory affairs; amorous glances
3. sense_key=romantic%5:00:00:impractical:00 | definition=not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic | synonyms=quixotic, wild-eyed | examples=as quixotic as a restoration of medieval knighthood; a romantic disregard for money

Analysis of the context:
The context discusses "creativity" in education, which is described as a "romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction." This rebellion is characterized by valuing "latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
The final sentence states: "It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive."

The word "romantic" here describes an "extravagance" associated with an educational philosophy that prioritizes emotional/inherent potential over strict discipline.

Evaluating the senses:
1. Sense 1 (Romanticism/Arts): While the rebellion might be *inspired* by Romanticism, the usage here ("romantic extravagance") seems to refer to the *nature* of the idea—its idealism and lack of practicality in a traditional educational setting.
2. Sense 2 (Loving/Amorous): This sense relates to sexual love or romance. The context is about educational philosophy and idealism, not personal romance. This sense is unlikely.
3. Sense 3 (Impractical/Idealistic): This sense means "not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic." The description of the rebellion—focusing on "latent talents" and "potentialities" over "disciplined instruction"—fits perfectly with an idealistic, impractical approach. Calling this approach a "romantic extravagance" strongly aligns with the definition of being unrealistic or overly idealistic.

Conclusion: Sense 3 is the best fit because it captures the meaning of idealistic, impractical, and non-sensible in the context of educational philosophy.