[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: concerned
Target surface form: concerned
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is <t>concerned</t> about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=concerned%3:00:00:: | definition=feeling or showing worry or solicitude | examples=concerned parents of youthful offenders; was concerned about the future
2. sense_key=concerned%5:00:00:involved:00 | definition=involved in or affected by or having a claim to or share in | synonyms=interested | examples=a memorandum to those concerned; an enterprise in which three men are concerned
3. sense_key=concerned%5:00:01:involved:00 | definition=culpably involved | synonyms=implicated | examples=all those concerned in the bribery case have been identified; named three officials implicated in the plot

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "concerned" in the given context.

Context: "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is <t>concerned</t> about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon."

Candidate Senses:
1. `concerned%3:00:00`: feeling or showing worry or solicitude (Synonyms: worried, anxious)
2. `concerned%5:00:01`: involved in or affected by or having a claim to or share in (Synonyms: interested)
3. `concerned%5:00:01`: culpably involved (Synonyms: implicated)

Analysis of the context:
The public is described as "concerned about advances in treatment."
The phrase "concerned about X" strongly suggests an emotional state or interest related to X.

Evaluating the candidates:
1. `concerned%3:00:00`: definition=feeling or showing worry or solicitude. This matches the structure "concerned about advances in treatment." The public is worried or solicitude about the treatment advances. This is a very strong fit.
2. `concerned%5:00:01`: definition=involved in or affected by or having a claim to or share in. While the public is affected by treatment advances, the preposition "about" usually signals worry/interest rather than mere involvement in the sense of participation or stakeholding (which is often used with "with" or "in"). However, "interested" (synonym) is close.
3. `concerned%5:00:01`: definition=culpably involved. This is clearly incorrect as the public is not culpably involved in treatment advances.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 1 (worry/solicitude) fits perfectly with the prepositional phrase "concerned about advances in treatment."
Sense 2 (involved/affected) is plausible but less precise than Sense 1, given the common idiomatic usage of "concerned about [topic]" meaning worried about it.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: advance
Target surface form: advances
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about <t>advances</t> in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=advance%1:11:00:: | definition=a movement forward | synonyms=progress, progression | examples=he listened for the progress of the troops
2. sense_key=advance%1:11:01:: | definition=a change for the better; progress in development | synonyms=improvement, betterment
3. sense_key=advance%1:10:00:: | definition=a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others | synonyms=overture, approach, feeler | examples=she rejected his advances
4. sense_key=advance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of moving forward (as toward a goal) | synonyms=progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion
5. sense_key=advance%1:21:00:: | definition=an amount paid before it is earned | synonyms=cash advance
6. sense_key=advance%1:04:01:: | definition=increase in price or value | synonyms=rise | examples=the news caused a general advance on the stock market

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "advances" (target surface form) based on the provided context.
The target lemma is "advance".

Context snippet:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about <t>advances</t> in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon."

The word "advances" is used in the phrase "advances in treatment".

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=advance%1:11:00:: | definition=a movement forward | synonyms=progress, progression | examples=he listened for the progress of the troops
2. sense_key=advance%1:11:01:: | definition=a change for the better; progress in development | synonyms=improvement, betterment
3. sense_key=advance%1:10:00:: | definition=a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others | synonyms=overture, approach, feeler | examples=she rejected his advances
4. sense_key=advance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of moving forward (as toward a goal) | synonyms=progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion
5. sense_key=advance%1:21:00:: | definition=an amount paid before it is earned | synonyms=cash advance
6. sense_key=advance%1:04:01:: | definition=increase in price or value | synonyms=rise | examples=the news caused a general advance on the stock market

Analysis:
The context relates to scientific research ("basic research," "cancer study," "fundamental insights") and its application to "treatment." The public is concerned about "advances in treatment."

1. Sense 1 (movement forward/progress): Fits generally, but Sense 2 and 4 are more specific to development/improvement.
2. Sense 2 (change for the better; progress in development): This perfectly matches the idea of "advances in treatment," meaning improvements or better methods.
3. Sense 3 (tentative suggestion): Irrelevant.
4. Sense 4 (act of moving forward toward a goal): Similar to Sense 1 and 2.
5. Sense 5 (payment): Irrelevant.
6. Sense 6 (increase in price/value): Irrelevant.

Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 4:
Sense 2: "a change for the better; progress in development" (Synonyms: improvement, betterment).
Sense 4: "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)" (Synonyms: progress, progression, advancement).

In the context of medical treatment, "advances" strongly implies improvements or better outcomes (Sense 2). While Sense 4 is technically correct (it is moving forward), Sense 2 captures the *quality* of the movement (improvement/betterment), which is the intended meaning when discussing medical progress.

Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in <t>treatment</t>, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "treatment" in the given context.

Context: "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in <t>treatment</t>, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon."

Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Analysis:
The context discusses cancer research, genetic probes, tumors, and the National Cancer Institute. The public is concerned about "advances in treatment."

1. Sense 1: "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)". This aligns perfectly with the context of cancer research and medical advances.
2. Sense 2: "the management of someone or something". While medical care is a form of management, Sense 1 is much more specific and appropriate for "advances in treatment" in a medical/oncology context.
3. Sense 3: "a manner of dealing with something artistically". Irrelevant (art/architecture).
4. Sense 4: "an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic". Irrelevant (discourse/discussion).

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: basic
Target surface form: basic
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this <t>basic</t> research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=basic%3:00:00:: | definition=pertaining to or constituting a base or basis | examples=a basic fact; the basic ingredients
2. sense_key=basic%5:00:00:standard:01 | definition=reduced to the simplest and most significant form possible without loss of generality | synonyms=canonic, canonical | examples=a basic story line; a canonical syllable pattern
3. sense_key=basic%5:00:02:first:00 | definition=serving as a base or starting point | synonyms=introductory | examples=a basic course in Russian; basic training for raw recruits
4. sense_key=basic%5:00:00:alkaline:00 | definition=of or denoting or of the nature of or containing a base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "basic" in the given context.

Context: "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this <t>basic</t> research will begin showing results there soon."

Target word: basic (adjective)

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=basic%3:00:00:: | definition=pertaining to or constituting a base or basis | examples=a basic fact; the basic ingredients
2. sense_key=basic%5:00:02:first:00 | definition=serving as a base or starting point | synonyms=introductory | examples=a basic course in Russian; basic training for raw recruits
3. sense_key=basic%5:00:00:alkaline:00 | definition=of or denoting or of the nature of or containing a base
4. sense_key=basic%5:00:00:standard:01 | definition=reduced to the simplest and most significant form possible without loss of generality | synonyms=canonic, canonical | examples=a basic story line; a canonical syllable pattern

Analysis of the context:
The sentence refers to "basic research." This research is mentioned in the context of scientific discovery (cancer study, fundamental insights).

Evaluation of candidates:
1. sense_key=basic%3:00:00:: (pertaining to or constituting a base or basis). This fits well with "basic research" meaning foundational or fundamental.
2. sense_key=basic%5:00:02:first:00 (serving as a base or starting point; introductory). This also fits well. "Basic research" often means early-stage or foundational research.
3. sense_key=basic%5:00:00:alkaline:00 (chemical base). Irrelevant.
4. sense_key=basic%5:00:00:standard:01 (reduced to the simplest form). This relates to simplification, which might be part of basic research, but the core meaning here is foundational/fundamental.

Distinguishing between 1, 2, and 4 (if 4 were relevant):
Sense 1: "pertaining to or constituting a base or basis." (Fundamental, foundational)
Sense 2: "serving as a base or starting point." (Introductory, foundational)

In scientific discourse, "basic research" typically refers to fundamental research—research conducted to expand knowledge without immediate commercial application, focusing on the core principles (the "basis" or "base").

Sense 1 ("pertaining to or constituting a base or basis") captures the idea of fundamental nature most accurately in this scientific context.
Sense 2 ("serving as a base or starting point") is also very close, often overlapping with Sense 1.

Let's re-examine the provided options and the typical usage of "basic research."
"Basic research" = fundamental research.

Sense 1: "pertaining to or constituting a base or basis." (e.g., basic principles, basic facts). This is a strong match for "fundamental."
Sense 2: "serving as a base or starting point." (e.g., basic training, basic course). This emphasizes the introductory nature.

Given the context of scientific discovery leading to "fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer," Sense 1 (pertaining to a base/basis) seems slightly more precise than Sense 2 (introductory/starting point), although both are plausible.

However, I must choose the single best indexed sense. Let's check the provided indices again.
Sense 1: basic%3:00:00:: (pertaining to or constituting a base or basis)
Sense 2: basic%5:00:02:first:00 (serving as a base or starting point)

If I look at the examples provided for Sense 2: "a basic course in Russian; basic training for raw recruits." These examples lean heavily towards the "introductory/starting point" meaning.
If I look at the examples provided for Sense 1: "a basic fact; the basic ingredients." These examples lean towards the "fundamental/essential" meaning.

Since the context is about fundamental scientific understanding ("fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer"), Sense 1 aligns better with the concept of fundamental/essential knowledge (a base/basis).

Wait, the instructions require me to return the index number corresponding to the chosen sense.

Chosen sense: Sense 1 (basic%3:00:00::)

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1 in the list provided.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: begin
Target surface form: begin
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will <t>begin</t> showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=begin%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, get, start out, start, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=begin%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=start | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
3. sense_key=begin%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=lead off, start, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
4. sense_key=begin%2:32:03:: | definition=begin to speak or say;  he began | examples=Now listen, friends,
5. sense_key=begin%2:42:02:: | definition=be the first item or point, constitute the beginning or start, come first in a series | examples=The number `one' begins the sequence; A terrible murder begins the novel
6. sense_key=begin%2:42:04:: | definition=have a beginning, of a temporal event | examples=WW II began in 1939 when Hitler marched into Poland; The company's Asia tour begins next month
7. sense_key=begin%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=start | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
8. sense_key=begin%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=start | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
9. sense_key=begin%2:41:00:: | definition=achieve or accomplish in the least degree, usually used in the negative | examples=This economic measure doesn't even begin to deal with the problem of inflation; You cannot even begin to understand the problem we had to deal with during the war
10. sense_key=begin%2:32:04:: | definition=begin to speak, understand, read, and write a language | examples=She began Russian at an early age; We started French in fourth grade

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Context:** The sentence is: "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will <t>begin</t> showing results there soon."
    *   The subject is "this basic research."
    *   The action is "begin showing results."
    *   The context is scientific research leading to future outcomes (results).
    *   The speaker is expressing confidence that the research will *start* producing results soon.

2.  **Analyze the Target Word and Usage:** The verb "begin" is used transitively here, followed by a gerund ("showing results"). It means the research will start the process of showing results.

3.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   1. `sense_key=begin%2:30:00`: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action." (Synonyms: start, set about). *Fits well. The research will start the process.*
    *   2. `sense_key=begin%2:42:00`: "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense." (Intransitive usage, e.g., "The DMZ begins..."). *Does not fit the transitive structure "begin showing results."*
    *   3. `sense_key=begin%2:30:01`: "set in motion, cause to start." (Synonyms: commence, start). *Fits very well. The research will cause the results to start appearing.*
    *   4. `sense_key=begin%2:32:03`: "begin to speak or say." *Irrelevant.*
    *   5. `sense_key=begin%2:42:02`: "be the first item or point." *Irrelevant.*
    *   6. `sense_key=begin%2:42:04`: "have a beginning, of a temporal event." (Intransitive). *Irrelevant.*
    *   7. `sense_key=begin%2:42:03`: "have a beginning characterized in some specified way." (Intransitive). *Irrelevant.*
    *   8. `sense_key=begin%2:41:04`: "begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object." (Synonyms: start). *This is a strong candidate, often used for starting processes or actions (e.g., begin a cigar). The research begins the process of showing results.*
    *   9. `sense_key=begin%2:41:00`: "achieve or accomplish in the least degree, usually used in the negative." *Irrelevant (no negative context).*
    *   10. `sense_key=begin%2:32:04`: "begin to speak, understand, read, and write a language." *Irrelevant.*

4.  **Refine Selection (Comparing 1, 3, and 8):**

    *   Sense 1 (take the first step): Focuses on the *action* of starting.
    *   Sense 3 (set in motion, cause to start): Focuses on the *causation* of the start.
    *   Sense 8 (begin an event...): Focuses on initiating a process/event related to the object.

    The phrase "research will begin showing results" implies that the research is the catalyst or the initiating force for the results to appear. Sense 3 ("set in motion, cause to start") captures this causative/initiating nature most precisely. Sense 1 is also good, but Sense 3 emphasizes the transition from potential to actualization ("set in motion").

    Let's check the examples for Sense 3: "The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities." This is about initiating a major event. Here, the research is initiating the event of "showing results." This is the best fit.

5.  **Final Choice:** Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: showing
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin <t>showing</t> results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin <t>showing</t> results there soon."
2.  **Determine the meaning of 'showing' in this context:** The research (basic research) is expected to start *producing* or *displaying* results. These results are scientific findings or data.
3.  **Examine the candidate senses for relevance:**
    *   1. give an exhibition of to an interested audience (Too formal/performance-oriented)
    *   2. establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment (Focuses on *proving* validity, not just presenting data.)
    *   3. provide evidence for (This aligns well with scientific research producing results/data.)
    *   4. make visible or noticeable (Too general; implies physical visibility.)
    *   5. show in, or as in, a picture (Irrelevant.)
    *   6. give expression to (Relates to emotion/abstract concepts, not scientific data.)
    *   7. indicate a place, direction, person, or thing (Spatial/directional, irrelevant.)
    *   8. be or become visible or noticeable (This is the intransitive form, but here 'showing' is used actively by the research.)
    *   9. indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments (Too specific to instruments.)
    *   10. give evidence of, as of records (Very close to sense 3, focusing on records/data.)
    *   11. take (someone) to their seats (Irrelevant.)
    *   12. finish third or better in a horse or dog race (Irrelevant.)
4.  **Compare the best candidates (3 and 10):**
    *   Sense 3: "provide evidence for" (Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence). This is a strong fit for scientific results.
    *   Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records" (Focuses on records). This is also a strong fit, especially since scientific results are often recorded.
5.  **Select the single best fit:** The phrase "showing results" means the research will start *producing* or *presenting* findings/evidence. Sense 3 ("provide evidence for") is the most general and accurate description of what scientific research does when it "shows results." Sense 10 is slightly more constrained by the "records" aspect, while Sense 3 captures the function of the results themselves (i.e., they provide evidence).

6.  **Final Check:** "The basic research will begin providing evidence for results soon." This is grammatically and semantically correct.

7.  **Conclusion:** Sense 3 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: result
Target surface form: results
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing <t>results</t> there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=result%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
2. sense_key=result%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=solution, answer, resolution, solvent | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book
3. sense_key=result%1:11:00:: | definition=something that results | synonyms=resultant, final result, outcome, termination | examples=he listened for the results on the radio
4. sense_key=result%1:10:01:: | definition=the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=resultant role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "results" in the given context.
The target word is "results" (plural form of "result").
The context sentence is: "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing <t>results</t> there soon."

The surrounding text discusses basic research, cancer study, fundamental insights, and advances in treatment. The speaker (Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute) is talking about what the basic research will yield.

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=result%1:19:00**: definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot.
   * This fits well. The basic research (previous phenomenon) will lead to outcomes/effects (results).

2. **sense_key=result%1:10:00**: definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=solution, answer, resolution, solvent.
   * While research aims for solutions, "results" here usually refers to the findings or data, not necessarily the final solved problem statement itself, although it could be related. Sense 1 (outcome/effect) is broader and more accurate for scientific findings.

3. **sense_key=result%1:11:00**: definition=something that results | synonyms=resultant, final result, outcome, termination.
   * This is very similar to Sense 1, focusing on the outcome or consequence. The example "he listened for the results on the radio" also suggests waiting for the outcome of an event. This sense captures the idea of the findings/outcomes of the research.

4. **sense_key=result%1:10:01**: definition=the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=resultant role.
   * This is a highly technical linguistic definition (semantic role) and is unlikely to be the intended meaning in this general scientific context.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
Sense 1: "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon" (consequence, effect, outcome).
Sense 3: "something that results" (resultant, final result, outcome, termination).

Both are strong candidates. Sense 3's definition ("something that results") is perhaps slightly more direct and encompasses the idea of the findings emerging from the research process. In scientific discourse, "showing results" means presenting the findings or outcomes of the study.

Let's re-examine the context: "...this basic research will begin showing results there soon."
The research is the cause; the findings/outcomes are the results.

Sense 1 (consequence, effect, outcome) is a perfect fit.
Sense 3 (resultant, final result, outcome) is also a perfect fit.

Since the instructions require choosing the *single best* indexed sense, I must decide which definition is marginally superior. Sense 1 explicitly uses "consequence, effect, outcome," which are standard ways to describe the output of research. Sense 3 uses "resultant, final result, outcome."

In many WSD tasks, when "outcome" is present in both, the distinction might be subtle. However, Sense 1's definition ("a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon") perfectly describes the relationship between the research activity and the findings.

Let's check the provided indices:
Sense 1: 19:00
Sense 3: 11:00

I will select Sense 1 as it clearly defines the relationship of cause and effect inherent in scientific findings.

Final check: "basic research will begin showing results" -> The research (cause) will yield findings/outcomes (results). Sense 1 matches this.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: there
Target surface form: there
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results <t>there</t> soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=there%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at that place | synonyms=at that place, in that location | examples=they have lived there for years; it's not there
2. sense_key=there%4:02:02:: | definition=in that matter | synonyms=in that respect, on that point | examples=I agree with you there
3. sense_key=there%4:02:01:: | definition=to or toward that place; away from the speaker | synonyms=thither | examples=go there around noon!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "there" in the given context.

Context: "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results <t>there</t> soon."

Target word: "there"

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=there%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at that place | synonyms=at that place, in that location | examples=they have lived there for years; it's not there
2. sense_key=there%4:02:02:: | definition=in that matter | synonyms=in that respect, on that point | examples=I agree with you there
3. sense_key=there%4:02:01:: | definition=to or toward that place; away from the speaker | synonyms=thither | examples=go there around noon!

Analysis of the context:
"I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon."

The phrase "showing results there soon" implies that the results will appear or be evident in a specific context or domain related to the discussion (basic research/advances in treatment).

Let's evaluate the senses:

1. **sense_key=there%4:02:00 (in or at that place):** This is a locative sense. If "there" refers to a physical place, it would mean the results will appear in a specific location (e.g., in the lab, in the published papers). While possible, the context is abstract (research results).
2. **sense_key=there%4:02:02 (in that matter):** This is an idiomatic/abstract sense, meaning "in that respect" or "in that area of study." If the results are "there," it means they will appear in the field of basic research or in the context of advances in treatment. This fits well with the abstract nature of the discussion.
3. **sense_key=there%4:02:01 (to or toward that place):** This is directional. "Showing results toward that place soon" doesn't make sense in this context.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
The discussion is about scientific findings and their implications ("basic research," "advances in treatment"). When discussing abstract progress or findings, "there" often functions as an adverb meaning "in that regard" or "in that area."

Example: "The initial findings were promising. We expect to see results there soon." (Meaning: in the field of study, or in the development process).

Sense 2 ("in that matter") captures this abstract, contextual meaning better than Sense 1 ("in or at that place"), which strongly suggests a physical location.

Therefore, sense_key=there%4:02:02 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja <t>made</t> his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The goal is to perform fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation for the target surface form "made" (past tense of "make") within the provided context. I must choose the single best sense from the list and return it as a JSON object with the corresponding index.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, **made** by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded."
    *   The target word "made" is part of the phrase "made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja."
    *   The phrase refers to the "initial discovery of the gene."
    *   The structure is: [Discovery] (which was) [made by Dr. Dryja].

3.  **Determine the Meaning of "made" in Context:**
    *   "Made" here means that Dr. Dryja was the agent who *created*, *discovered*, or *produced* the gene.
    *   The gene is a product of his work/discovery process.

4.  **Examine Candidate Senses (Focusing on Creation/Production):**

    *   1. make%2:41:00:: engage in (No)
    *   2. make%2:30:00:: give certain properties to something (No)
    *   3. make%2:36:00:: make or cause to be or to become (General causation/change - Possible, but maybe too broad)
    *   4. make%2:32:00:: cause to do (No)
    *   5. make%2:36:08:: give rise to; cause to happen or occur (Causation - Possible, but "discovery" is the thing being made)
    *   6. make%2:36:01:: create or manufacture a man-made product (Strong candidate. A gene is a biological product/discovery.)
    *   7. make%2:31:00:: make, formulate, or derive in the mind (Mental process - No)
    *   8. make%2:36:15:: compel or make somebody or something to act (No)
    *   9. make%2:36:09:: create by artistic means (No)
    *   10. make%2:40:01:: earn (No)
    *   11. make%2:36:05:: create or design, often in a certain way (Strong candidate. Design/creation.)
    *   12. make%2:42:05:: to compose or represent (No)
    *   13. make%2:38:02:: reach a goal (No)
    *   14. make%2:42:00:: be or be capable of being changed or made into (No)
    *   15. make%2:36:11:: make by shaping or bringing together constituents (Physical construction - Less relevant for a gene discovery)
    *   16. make%2:36:12:: perform or carry out (No)
    *   17. make%2:36:13:: make by combining materials and parts (Physical construction - Less relevant)
    *   18. make%2:30:15:: change from one form into another (Transformation - No)
    *   19. make%2:29:08:: act in a certain way so as to acquire (No)
    *   20. make%2:41:03:: charge with a function (No)
    *   21. make%2:40:02:: achieve a point or goal (No)
    *   22. make%2:38:00:: reach a destination (No)
    *   23. make%2:31:13:: institute, enact, or establish (No)
    *   24. make%2:41:13:: carry out or commit (No)
    *   25. make%2:41:01:: form by assembling individuals or constituents (No)
    *   26. make%2:36:04:: organize or be responsible for (No)
    *   27. make%2:30:02:: put in order or neaten (No)
    *   28. make%2:38:05:: head into a specified direction (No)
    *   29. make%2:29:00:: have a bowel movement (No)
    *   30. make%2:42:09:: undergo fabrication or creation (This is the passive form, but the active sense is relevant: to be created/fabricated.)
    *   31. make%2:42:13:: be suitable for (No)
    *   32. make%2:42:12:: add up to (No)
    *   33. make%2:42:11:: amount to (No)
    *   34. make%2:42:15:: constitute the essence of (No)
    *   35. make%2:39:12:: appear to begin an activity (No)
    *   36. make%2:38:10:: proceed along a path (No)
    *   37. make%2:38:15:: reach in time (No)
    *   38. make%2:36:10:: gather and light the materials for (No)
    *   39. make%2:36:07:: prepare for eating by applying heat (No)
    *   40. make%2:35:13:: induce to have sex (No)
    *   41. make%2:32:14:: assure the success of (No)
    *   42. make%2:32:09:: represent fictitiously (No)
    *   43. make%2:31:10:: consider as being (No)
    *   44. make%2:31:12:: calculate as being (No)
    *   45. make%2:30:10:: cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable (No)
    *   46. make%2:30:14:: favor the development of (No)
    *   47. make%2:30:12:: develop into (No)
    *   48. make%2:29:06:: behave in a certain way (No)
    *   49. make%2:29:01:: eliminate urine (No)

5.  **Compare Best Candidates (6, 11, 30):**
    *   The context is about a scientific *discovery* (a gene).
    *   Sense 6 (make%2:36:01): "create or manufacture a man-made product." This fits the idea of producing a biological entity (gene) through scientific effort.
    *   Sense 11 (make%2:36:05): "create or design, often in a certain way." This is also very strong, focusing on the intellectual act of creation/design.
    *   Sense 30 (make%2:42:09): "undergo fabrication or creation." This is the passive sense, but it describes the state of the gene.

    *Decision:* Since the discovery is the *result* of the doctor's work, and the gene itself is the *thing* that was created/produced, Sense 6 ("create or manufacture a man-made product") or Sense 11 ("create or design") are the most appropriate active senses. Sense 6, with its focus on "product," aligns well with the tangible (though biological) result of the research. Sense 11 is slightly more abstract ("design"). Given the context of a scientific finding, Sense 6 captures the idea of production/creation of a specific entity best.

6.  **Final Selection:** Sense 6.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discovery
Context:
This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma <t>discovery</t> in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target word: "discovery"
    *   Context sentence: "Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma <t>discovery</t> in 1986."
    *   Surrounding context: The passage discusses scientific research, cancer, genes (p53, cancer-suppressors), and fundamental insights into cancer workings.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `discovery%1:04:00` | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering. (Focuses on the *action* or *event* of finding.)
    *   Sense 2: `discovery%1:10:00` | definition=something that is discovered. (Focuses on the *thing* that was found.)
    *   Sense 3: `discovery%1:09:00` | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find. (Focuses on the *significance* or *result* of the finding.)
    *   Sense 4: `discovery%1:10:01` | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure... (Legal term.)

3.  **Evaluate the fit:**
    *   The context is scientific research ("Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery").
    *   The finding relates to a specific biological entity (retinoblastoma, a type of tumor/cancer).
    *   The phrase "made his retinoblastoma discovery" suggests that the *result* of his work was the identification or finding of something significant related to retinoblastoma.

    *   *Sense 1 (Act of discovering):* While the act occurred, the phrase "made his... discovery" treats "discovery" as a noun representing the finding itself.
    *   *Sense 2 (Something that is discovered):* This is plausible, as the discovery *is* the thing found (e.g., the gene, the mechanism).
    *   *Sense 3 (Productive insight/breakthrough):* This sense emphasizes the *value* of the finding. In scientific writing, when a specific finding is named (like "the discovery of the gene"), it often implies a major breakthrough or insight. The synonyms (breakthrough, find) align well with a significant scientific finding.
    *   *Sense 4 (Legal):* Irrelevant.

4.  **Refine the choice between Sense 2 and Sense 3:**
    *   The context is highly scientific. While Sense 2 ("something that is discovered") is technically correct (he discovered something), Sense 3 ("a productive insight/breakthrough") captures the *impact* and *nature* of the finding in a scientific context better than the generic "thing found." The preceding text emphasizes "fundamental insights" and "advances in treatment," setting a tone of significant scientific achievement. A "retinoblastoma discovery" in this context is not just a finding, but a major scientific breakthrough.

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 3 best captures the meaning of a significant scientific finding in this specialized context.

6.  **Format the output.** (The required output is a JSON object with the sense index.)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: then
Target surface form: Then
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. <t>Then</t> last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=then%4:02:00:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=so, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
2. sense_key=then%4:02:02:: | definition=in that case or as a consequence | examples=if he didn't take it, then who did?; keep it then if you want to
3. sense_key=then%4:02:01:: | definition=at that time | examples=I was young then; prices were lower back then

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "Then" in the provided context.

Context:
"Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. <t>Then</t> last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

Target word: "Then"

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=then%4:02:00:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=so, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
2. sense_key=then%4:02:02:: | definition=in that case or as a consequence | examples=if he didn't take it, then who did?; keep it then if you want to
3. sense_key=then%4:02:01:: | definition=at that time | examples=I was young then; prices were lower back then

Analysis:
The sentence is: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53..."
The preceding sentence mentions a discovery in 1986. The current event ("last spring") happened after 1986.

Let's evaluate the senses:

1. **subsequently or soon afterward**: This fits perfectly. "Last spring" is a time period subsequent to the 1986 discovery mentioned previously. It functions as a temporal connector indicating what happened next.
2. **in that case or as a consequence**: This implies a conditional relationship (If X, then Y). The context does not suggest a condition; it suggests a sequence of events.
3. **at that time**: This usually refers back to a specific point in the past already mentioned (e.g., "I was young then" referring to a past period). While "last spring" is a time, the function of "Then" here is to sequence the event relative to the previous discussion (the 1986 discovery), making it more about *subsequent* timing rather than merely *simultaneous* timing with a previously established point.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
Sense 3 ("at that time") is often used when the time frame is already established and the speaker is referring back to it.
Sense 1 ("subsequently or soon afterward") is used to introduce a later event in a sequence.

In the context: "Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53..."
The structure clearly indicates a progression of events: Event A (1986) -> Event B (Last Spring). This is a temporal sequence, matching Sense 1.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: last
Target surface form: last
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then <t>last</t> spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=last%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
2. sense_key=last%3:00:00:: | definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
3. sense_key=last%5:00:00:closing:00 | definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
4. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unlikely:00 | definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected; the last man they would have chosen for the job
5. sense_key=last%5:00:00:dying:00 | definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites
6. sense_key=last%5:00:00:ultimate:00 | definition=conclusive in a process or progression | synonyms=final, net | examples=the final answer; a last resort
7. sense_key=last%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=highest in extent or degree | synonyms=utmost | examples=to the last measure of human endurance; whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually
8. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unalterable:00 | definition=not to be altered or undone | synonyms=final | examples=the judge's decision is final; the arbiter will have the last say
9. sense_key=last%5:00:00:worst:00 | definition=lowest in rank or importance | synonyms=last-place, lowest | examples=last prize; in last place

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: last
    *   Target surface form: last
    *   Context sentence: "Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then <t>last</t> spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."

2.  **Determine the meaning of 'last' in the context:**
    *   The sentence establishes a timeline: Discovery in 1986. Then, 'last spring', researchers reported finding p53.
    *   'Last spring' refers to the spring immediately preceding the time of writing/reporting. It indicates a specific, recent point in the past.

3.  **Examine the candidate senses:**
    *   1. `sense_key=last%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read` -> Matches the idea of a specific, recent past time period (like 'last spring').
    *   2. `sense_key=last%3:00:00:: | definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month` -> This is the general sense of 'final' or 'ultimate'. While 'last spring' is a point in time, the primary function here is temporal reference to a specific past event, not necessarily the final event in a sequence.
    *   3. `sense_key=last%5:00:00:closing:00 | definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter` -> Relates to ending/termination. Not applicable here.
    *   4. `sense_key=last%5:00:00:unlikely:00 | definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected; the last man they would have chosen for the job` -> Not applicable.
    *   5. `sense_key=last%5:00:00:dying:00 | definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites` -> Not applicable.
    *   6. `sense_key=last%5:00:00:ultimate:00 | definition=conclusive in a process or progression | synonyms=final, net | examples=the final answer; a last resort` -> Similar to sense 2, focusing on culmination, not immediate past reference.
    *   7. `sense_key=last%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=highest in extent or degree | synonyms=utmost | examples=to the last measure of human endurance; whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually` -> Not applicable.
    *   8. `sense_key=last%5:00:00:unalterable:00 | definition=not to be altered or undone | synonyms=final | examples=the judge's decision is final; the arbiter will have the last say` -> Not applicable.
    *   9. `sense_key=last%5:00:00:worst:00 | definition=lowest in rank or importance | synonyms=last-place, lowest | examples=last prize; in last place` -> Not applicable.

4.  **Select the best fit:**
    *   The phrase "last spring" functions as a temporal marker referring to the most recent spring. Sense 1, defined as "immediately past," is the most precise fit for this usage.

5.  **Final check:**
    *   Context: "Then last spring..." (Recent past time marker).
    *   Sense 1: "immediately past" (Matches the function of 'last spring').

6.  **Format the output.**


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: spring
Target surface form: spring
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last <t>spring</t>, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=spring%1:28:00:: | definition=the season of growth | synonyms=springtime | examples=the emerging buds were a sure sign of spring; he will hold office until the spring of next year
2. sense_key=spring%1:06:00:: | definition=a metal elastic device that returns to its shape or position when pushed or pulled or pressed | examples=the spring was broken
3. sense_key=spring%1:17:00:: | definition=a natural flow of ground water | synonyms=fountain, outflow, outpouring, natural spring
4. sense_key=spring%1:15:00:: | definition=a point at which water issues forth
5. sense_key=spring%1:07:00:: | definition=the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length | synonyms=give, springiness
6. sense_key=spring%1:04:00:: | definition=a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards | synonyms=leap, leaping, saltation, bound, bounce

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "spring" in the given context.

Context: "Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last <t>spring</t>, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."

Target word: spring

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=spring%1:28:00:: | definition=the season of growth | synonyms=springtime | examples=the emerging buds were a sure sign of spring; he will hold office until the spring of next year
2. sense_key=spring%1:06:00:: | definition=a metal elastic device that returns to its shape or position when pushed or pulled or pressed | examples=the spring was broken
3. sense_key=spring%1:17:00:: | definition=a natural flow of ground water | synonyms=fountain, outflow, outpouring, natural spring
4. sense_key=spring%1:15:00:: | definition=a point at which water issues forth
5. sense_key=spring%1:07:00:: | definition=the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length | synonyms=give, springiness
6. sense_key=spring%1:04:00:: | definition=a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards | synonyms=leap, leaping, saltation, bound, bounce

Analysis:
The phrase is "Then last spring". This structure typically refers to a specific time period, usually the season.
The context is scientific research reporting (cancer studies, gene discovery). The time marker "last spring" is used to date a research report.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. sense_key=spring%1:28:00:: (the season of growth / springtime). This fits perfectly with "last spring" as a temporal marker for the season.
2. sense_key=spring%1:06:00:: (metal elastic device). Does not fit the temporal context.
3. sense_key=spring%1:17:00:: (natural flow of ground water). Does not fit the temporal context.
4. sense_key=spring%1:15:00:: (point at which water issues forth). Does not fit the temporal context.
5. sense_key=spring%1:07:00:: (elasticity). Does not fit the temporal context.
6. sense_key=spring%1:04:00:: (movement). Does not fit the temporal context.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the only appropriate sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: reported
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers <t>reported</t> finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%2:32:00:: | definition=to give an account or representation of in words | synonyms=describe, account | examples=Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental
2. sense_key=report%2:32:04:: | definition=announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding | examples=Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city; The team reported significant advances in their research
3. sense_key=report%2:32:03:: | definition=announce one's presence | examples=I report to work every day at 9 o'clock
4. sense_key=report%2:32:01:: | definition=make known to the authorities | examples=One student reported the other to the principal
5. sense_key=report%2:32:13:: | definition=be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism | synonyms=cover | examples=Snow reported on China in the 1950's; The cub reporter covered New York City
6. sense_key=report%2:32:02:: | definition=complain about; make a charge against | examples=I reported her to the supervisor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "reported" (the past tense of "report") in the given context.

Context: "Then last spring, researchers <t>reported</t> finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

Target word: reported (meaning the researchers communicated their finding).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%2:32:00:: | definition=to give an account or representation of in words | synonyms=describe, account | examples=Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental
2. sense_key=report%2:32:04:: | definition=announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding | examples=Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city; The team reported significant advances in their research
3. sense_key=report%2:32:03:: | definition=announce one's presence | examples=I report to work every day at 9 o'clock
4. sense_key=report%2:32:01:: | definition=make known to the authorities | examples=One student reported the other to the principal
5. sense_key=report%2:32:13:: | definition=be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism | synonyms=cover | examples=Snow reported on China in the 1950's; The cub reporter covered New York City
6. sense_key=report%2:32:02:: | definition=complain about; make a charge against | examples=I reported her to the supervisor

Analysis:
The researchers found a gene (p53). They then "reported finding a gene called p53". This means they announced or communicated their discovery/finding.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. "to give an account or representation of in words" (describe, account). This fits, but is general.
2. "announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding". This is highly specific and perfectly matches the context: researchers found something (a gene) and announced that finding. The example "The team reported significant advances in their research" is very similar.
3. "announce one's presence". Incorrect.
4. "make known to the authorities". Incorrect (they are reporting scientific findings, not crimes to police).
5. "be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism". Incorrect (they are the researchers, not journalists covering a story, although the act of publishing the finding is a form of reporting).
6. "complain about; make a charge against". Incorrect.

Sense 2 is the most precise fit for reporting scientific findings.

Conclusion: Sense 2 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: finding
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported <t>finding</t> a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "finding" (a gerund/present participle of "find") based on the provided context and candidate WordNet senses.

Context:
"To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported <t>finding</t> a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

The word "finding" is used in the phrase "researchers reported finding a gene called p53". This action (finding a gene) is the result of research/study.

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter. (Accidental encounter - unlikely here).
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice. (This fits well: discovering the existence of a gene).
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain. (Focuses on location/retrieval, not necessarily scientific discovery).
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain. (This is very strong. The finding is the result of research/study).
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel. (Emotional belief - irrelevant).
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see. (Perceiving something while present - less likely than discovery).
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up. (Acquiring for a purpose - possible, but less precise than scientific discovery).
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover. (Very strong, focuses on the act of making a discovery).
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover. (Similar to 8, focuses on the act of discovery).
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy... (Obtaining resources/time - irrelevant).
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule. (Judgement/decision - irrelevant).
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur. (Receiving treatment - irrelevant).
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself... (Self-perception - irrelevant).
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain. (Recovery - irrelevant).
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark. (Reaching a target - irrelevant).
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself. (Self-discovery - irrelevant).

Comparing the best candidates (2, 4, 8, 9):

*   Sense 2 (discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of): This is accurate. They determined the existence of the gene.
*   Sense 4 (establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study): This is highly specific to the context (researchers reported finding...). The finding is the *result* of the investigation.
*   Sense 8 (make a discovery, make a new finding): This is also highly accurate and captures the scientific nature of the event.
*   Sense 9 (make a discovery): Similar to 8.

Sense 4 explicitly links the finding to the process of investigation/study, which is the core activity described ("researchers reported finding..."). Sense 8 is slightly broader ("make a discovery"). Given the context of scientific research, Sense 4 provides the most precise fit for the *manner* in which the gene was found.

Let's choose Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study."

Final check: "researchers reported finding a gene" -> The gene was established/determined through their investigation. This is the best fit.