[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: economy
Target surface form: economy
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French <t>economy</t> and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=economy%1:14:00:: | definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption | synonyms=economic system
2. sense_key=economy%1:09:01:: | definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort
3. sense_key=economy%1:07:00:: | definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | synonyms=thriftiness | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy
4. sense_key=economy%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | synonyms=saving | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day; there was a saving of 50 cents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "economy" based on the provided context and candidate senses.

Context: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French <t>economy</t> and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."

Target word: economy

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=economy%1:14:00:: | definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption | synonyms=economic system
2. sense_key=economy%1:09:01:: | definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort
3. sense_key=economy%1:07:00:: | definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | synonyms=thriftiness | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy
4. sense_key=economy%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | synonyms=saving | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day; there was a saving of 50 cents

Analysis:
The context discusses immigrants being a "burden on the French economy and on French society." When discussing immigrants and their impact on a nation, the term "economy" usually refers to the overall structure of production, wealth, and financial well-being of the nation.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **sense_key=economy%1:14:00:: (the system of production and distribution and consumption / economic system):** This fits perfectly. The overall national economic system is what is affected by immigration (e.g., labor supply, social welfare costs, GDP).
2. **sense_key=economy%1:09:01:: (the efficient use of resources):** This refers to efficiency or prudence in resource use, which is too narrow for describing the impact of a large group of immigrants on a nation.
3. **sense_key=economy%1:07:00:: (frugality in the expenditure of money or resources / thriftiness):** This refers to personal or national thriftiness, not the system itself.
4. **sense_key=economy%1:04:00:: (an act of economizing; reduction in cost / saving):** This refers to a specific act of saving or cost reduction, not the macro-level system.

Conclusion: Sense 1, referring to the national economic system, is the best fit for "burden on the French economy."


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: society
Target surface form: society
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French <t>society</t>. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=society%1:14:00:: | definition=an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
2. sense_key=society%1:14:01:: | definition=a formal association of people with similar interests | synonyms=club, social club, guild, gild, lodge, order | examples=he joined a golf club; they formed a small lunch society
3. sense_key=society%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=company, companionship, fellowship | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends
4. sense_key=society%1:14:02:: | definition=the fashionable elite | synonyms=high society, beau monde, smart set, bon ton

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "society" in the given context.

Context: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French <t>society</t>. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=society%1:14:00:: | definition=an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
2. sense_key=society%1:14:01:: | definition=a formal association of people with similar interests | synonyms=club, social club, guild, gild, lodge, order | examples=he joined a golf club; they formed a small lunch society
3. sense_key=society%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=company, companionship, fellowship | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends
4. sense_key=society%1:14:02:: | definition=the fashionable elite | synonyms=high society, beau monde, smart set, bon ton

Analysis:
The phrase is "French society." The context discusses immigrants being a "burden on the French economy and on French society." This refers to the collective structure, culture, and organization of the French nation/people.

1. sense_key=society%1:14:00: "an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization." This matches the idea of a nation's social structure (French society).
2. sense_key=society%1:14:01: "a formal association of people with similar interests." This refers to clubs or guilds, which is too narrow for "French society" in this context.
3. sense_key=society%1:26:00: "the state of being with someone." This refers to companionship, which does not fit the context of a national burden.
4. sense_key=society%1:14:02: "the fashionable elite." This refers to high society, which is too specific and doesn't capture the general concept of the nation's social structure being burdened.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit, as it describes the large, organized social structure (the nation/culture) that is being affected by the presence of immigrants.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: difference
Target surface form: difference
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only <t>difference</t> resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
4. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference
5. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
2.  **Analyze the surrounding text/topic:** The text discusses political views (Left vs. Right) regarding immigration, specifically mentioning how both sides view immigrants as a burden, but differing in their approach ("degree of generosity").
3.  **Analyze the target word and its usage:** "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity..." Here, "difference" refers to a distinction or variation in attitude/approach between the two political sides.
4.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **1. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock** (General dissimilarities. Fits the idea of variation in approach.)
    *   **2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean** (Focuses on deviation from a standard. Less fitting than a simple distinction in opinion.)
    *   **3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences** (Focuses on a conflict or disagreement in opinion. This aligns perfectly with the political context where two sides hold differing views on how generous they should be.)
    *   **4. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference** (Refers to a change over time or magnitude. Not applicable here.)
    *   **5. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder** (Mathematical difference. Not applicable.)

5.  **Compare the best candidates (1 and 3):**
    *   Sense 1 (dissimilarity) is broad.
    *   Sense 3 (disagreement/difference of opinion) is highly specific and captures the nuance of the political debate described in the text (Left vs. Right differing on policy/attitude). The phrase "difference of opinion" is a strong synonym for the context.

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 3 is the most precise fit, as the "difference" being discussed is a difference in political stance or opinion regarding immigration policy.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: degree
Target surface form: degree
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the <t>degree</t> of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | synonyms=academic degree | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree; a second degree burn

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "degree" in the provided context.

Context: "The only difference resides in the <t>degree</t> of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."

Target word: degree
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | synonyms=academic degree | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree; a second degree burn

Analysis:
The phrase is "the degree of generosity".
"Generosity" is a quality or amount.
The word "degree" here modifies or quantifies the quality of generosity.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00: Definition is "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality". This perfectly matches quantifying a quality like generosity. Synonyms include 'grade' and 'level'.
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01: Definition is "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process". While related to intensity, sense 1 is more focused on the *amount* or *quality* itself, which fits better with "generosity".
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00: Academic award. Irrelevant.
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00: Angle measure. Irrelevant.
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00: Mathematical power. Irrelevant.
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03: Temperature unit. Irrelevant.
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01: Seriousness (e.g., crime). Irrelevant.

Sense 1 is the best fit, as it defines "degree" as a measure of intensity or amount, which is exactly what is being applied to "generosity".

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generosity
Target surface form: generosity
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of <t>generosity</t>, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generosity%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time | synonyms=generousness
2. sense_key=generosity%1:04:00:: | definition=acting generously | synonyms=unselfishness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target word: "generosity"
    *   Context sentence: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   Surrounding context: The discussion is about the Left and Right political views on immigration, specifically whether immigrants are a "burden" on the economy and society. The difference is in the "degree of generosity... which one deigns to grant to immigrants."

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `generosity%1:07:00` | definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time | synonyms=generousness
    *   Sense 2: `generosity%1:04:00` | definition=acting generously | synonyms=unselfishness

3.  **Evaluate Sense 1 against the Context:**
    *   Definition: "the trait of being willing to give your money or time."
    *   Contextual fit: When discussing how much "generosity" one grants to immigrants, it implies a willingness to give resources, acceptance, or aid (money, time, social tolerance). This aligns well with the idea of granting something to a group perceived as a burden.

4.  **Evaluate Sense 2 against the Context:**
    *   Definition: "acting generously." (This is an action/verb form, though the target word is a noun).
    *   Contextual fit: While related, Sense 1 (the *trait* or *degree* of willingness to give) is a more precise fit for the noun "generosity" when quantifying how much is "granted."

5.  **Compare and Select the Best Fit:**
    *   The phrase "degree of generosity... which one deigns to grant to immigrants" strongly suggests the willingness to provide aid, acceptance, or resources.
    *   Sense 1 ("the trait of being willing to give your money or time") captures this concept of willingness to provide/grant resources or tolerance better than Sense 2.

6.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1 is the best fit. (Note: The instructions require returning the index number, which is 1 in this case, but the provided JSON structure uses a generic index placeholder, so I must ensure the output format is correct.)

7.  **Format the Output:** The required format is `{"sense_index": 3}` (using the provided example structure, even though my chosen index is 1). I will use the index corresponding to Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his <t>program</t>, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "program" in the given context.

Context:
"In his <t>program</t>, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Target word: program

Candidate senses:
1. a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished (plan, programme)
2. a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need (programme)
3. a radio or television show (broadcast, programme)
4. a document stating the aims and principles of a political party (platform, political platform, political program)
5. an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event (programme)
6. an integrated course of academic studies (course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus)
7. (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute (programme, computer program, computer programme)
8. a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation (programme)

Analysis:
The context mentions "François Hollande" (a political figure) and discusses his "program" in relation to solving the "immigration problem." This strongly suggests a political context.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. A plan/goals: Plausible, but often too general.
2. System of projects/services (public need): Plausible, often related to government policy.
3. TV/Radio show: Highly unlikely in this political context.
4. A document stating the aims and principles of a political party: This perfectly matches the context of a political leader presenting his policy platform/agenda ("program") to address a national issue (immigration).
5. Event announcement: Irrelevant.
6. Academic course: Irrelevant.
7. Computer instructions: Irrelevant.
8. Performance: Irrelevant.

Sense 4, "a document stating the aims and principles of a political party," is the most precise fit for "In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities..."

Conclusion: Sense 4 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration <t>problem</t> to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration <t>problem</t> to be solved."
2.  **Analyze the surrounding text/theme:** The passage discusses immigration, immigrants being seen as a "burden on the French economy and on French society," and the idea of immigration being a "burden and a problem." The overall theme is social/economic difficulty related to immigration.
3.  **Analyze the target word's function:** "Immigration problem" is treated as something that needs to be "solved."
4.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (problem%1:26:00):** Definition: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved." Synonyms: "job." Example: "she and her husband are having problems."
        *   *Fit:* High. Immigration is presented as a difficulty/state of difficulty that needs resolution ("to be solved").
    *   **Sense 2 (problem%1:10:00):** Definition: "a question raised for consideration or solution." Example: "our homework consisted of ten problems to solve."
        *   *Fit:* Moderate. While it is a question/issue, the context emphasizes the *difficulty* or *burden* (as mentioned earlier in the text), making the "state of difficulty" sense stronger.
    *   **Sense 3 (problem%1:09:00):** Definition: "a source of difficulty." Synonyms: "trouble." Example: "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?"
        *   *Fit:* High. Immigration is framed as a source of difficulty/trouble/burden.

5.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   Sense 1 focuses on the *state* that requires resolution ("a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved").
    *   Sense 3 focuses on the *source* of the difficulty ("a source of difficulty").
    *   The context uses the phrase "immigration problem" and immediately follows it with "to be solved." This strongly aligns with the idea of a *state* or *issue* that needs resolution (Sense 1). While Sense 3 is also accurate (immigration *is* a source of difficulty), Sense 1 captures the dynamic nature implied by the verb "to be solved" more precisely.

6.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1 is the best fit because it defines the problem as a "state of difficulty that needs to be resolved," which perfectly matches the context where Hollande suggests co-development would allow the immigration issue "to be solved."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: notion
Target surface form: notion
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This <t>notion</t> of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
2. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: | definition=a general inclusive concept
3. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: | definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
4. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "notion" in the given context.

Context: "This <t>notion</t> of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly."

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
2. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: | definition=a general inclusive concept
3. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: | definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
4. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

Analysis:
The phrase is "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem".
The word "notion" here refers to a specific idea or belief held by certain groups (mentioned earlier in the text: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society").
The idea is that immigration *is* a burden and a problem.

Let's evaluate the candidates:
1. **sense_key=notion%1:09:02**: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" / synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion. This fits perfectly. The idea that immigration is a burden is a belief or opinion held by political sides.
2. **sense_key=notion%1:09:00**: "a general inclusive concept". While the idea is a concept, sense 1 is much more specific and accurate for describing a held belief/opinion.
3. **sense_key=notion%1:09:01**: "an odd or fanciful or capricious idea". The idea that immigration is a burden is presented as a widely held political view, not necessarily a whimsical or fanciful one. This sense is too narrow and negative.
4. **sense_key=notion%1:06:00**: "small personal articles or clothing or sewing items". This is clearly incorrect in this context.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit, as "notion" functions as a synonym for "belief" or "opinion" regarding the status of immigration.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a <t>burden</t> and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Context:** The sentence is: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society." The surrounding text discusses immigration, economic costs, and social impact.
2.  **Analyze the Target Word:** "burden."
3.  **Determine the Meaning in Context:** Here, "burden" refers to the negative impact, the strain, or the difficulty that immigrants place on the economy and society. It is not a physical weight, nor is it a central theme of a speech.
4.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **sense_key=burden%1:09:01:** | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind.
        *   *Match Check:* "Onerous or difficult concern" perfectly matches the idea of a negative strain on the economy/society. "Onus" (a burden of responsibility/duty) is a strong synonym. This is a very strong candidate.

    *   **sense_key=burden%1:06:01:** | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading.
        *   *Match Check:* This is the physical sense (e.g., carrying a heavy burden). The context is economic/social, not physical. (Reject)

    *   **sense_key=burden%1:10:00:** | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist.
        *   *Match Check:* This is the abstract/literary sense (e.g., the burden of the novel). The context is economic/social impact, not literary theme. (Reject)

    *   **sense_key=burden%1:09:00:** | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse.
        *   *Match Check:* Similar to the previous one, this is about thematic content. (Reject)

5.  **Select the Best Sense:** Sense 1 (an onerous or difficult concern) is the definitive match for "immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."

6.  **Format the Output:** The instruction requires returning only a JSON object with the sense index. (Index 1 corresponds to the chosen sense).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "problem" in the given context.

Context: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly."

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Analysis:
The word "problem" is used in the phrase "immigration being a burden and a problem".
"Burden" implies something difficult, heavy, or a source of difficulty.
Therefore, "problem" here refers to the negative aspect or difficulty associated with immigration (in the view of those who see it as a burden).

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **sense_key=problem%1:26:00**: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved". This fits well. Immigration is presented as a difficulty that needs resolution (or is perceived as such).
2. **sense_key=problem%1:10:00**: "a question raised for consideration or solution". While a problem can be a question, the context ("a burden and a problem") suggests a concrete negative state or issue, not just an abstract question.
3. **sense_key=problem%1:09:00**: "a source of difficulty". This also fits very well, aligning closely with "burden."

Comparing 1 and 3:
Sense 3 ("a source of difficulty") is perhaps the most direct synonym match for "burden" in this context.
Sense 1 ("a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved") is also accurate, but Sense 3 captures the inherent negative quality (the source) more strongly, which is what the preceding word "burden" emphasizes.

Let's re-examine the relationship between "burden" and the senses.
If immigration is a burden, it is a source of difficulty (Sense 3).
If immigration is a burden, it is a state of difficulty (Sense 1).

In common usage, when something is described as a "problem" alongside "burden," it usually means it is a source of trouble or difficulty. Sense 3, "a source of difficulty," is the most precise fit for the semantic field established by "burden."

I choose sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: book
Target surface form: book
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=book%1:10:00:: | definition=a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together) | examples=I am reading a good book on economics
2. sense_key=book%1:06:00:: | definition=physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together | synonyms=volume | examples=he used a large book as a doorstop
3. sense_key=book%1:10:02:: | definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | synonyms=record, record book | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'; his name is in all the record books
4. sense_key=book%1:10:01:: | definition=a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance | synonyms=script, playscript
5. sense_key=book%1:21:00:: | definition=a record in which commercial accounts are recorded | synonyms=ledger, leger, account book, book of account | examples=they got a subpoena to examine our books
6. sense_key=book%1:14:01:: | definition=a collection of playing cards satisfying the rules of a card game
7. sense_key=book%1:14:00:: | definition=a collection of rules or prescribed standards on the basis of which decisions are made | synonyms=rule book | examples=they run things by the book around here
8. sense_key=book%1:10:05:: | definition=the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | synonyms=Koran, Quran, al-Qur'an
9. sense_key=book%1:10:04:: | definition=the sacred writings of the Christian religions | synonyms=Bible, Christian Bible, Good Book, Holy Scripture, Holy Writ, Scripture | examples=he went to carry the Word to the heathen
10. sense_key=book%1:10:03:: | definition=a major division of a long written composition | examples=the book of Isaiah
11. sense_key=book%1:06:02:: | definition=a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together on one edge | examples=he bought a book of stamps

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The target word is "book". The sentence is: "As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."

2.  **Analyze the surrounding information:**
    *   The word "book" is followed by a title: "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   It includes publication details: "mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp."
    *   The content is described as "summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration."
    *   The context involves economists and academic/specialist knowledge.

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   1. `book%1:10:00`: "a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)". *Matches the description of a published academic work (book).*
    *   2. `book%1:06:00`: "physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together". *Too general; while true, sense 1 is more specific to the function/type of object here.*
    *   3. `book%1:10:02`: "a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone". *This describes the *content* (a summary/compilation of knowledge), which aligns perfectly with the function of the book mentioned ("summarising the most recent knowledge").*
    *   4. `book%1:10:01`: "a written version of a play or other dramatic composition". *Incorrect genre.*
    *   5. `book%1:21:00`: "a record in which commercial accounts are recorded". *Incorrect context (finance/accounting).*
    *   6. `book%1:14:01`: "a collection of playing cards". *Incorrect.*
    *   7. `book%1:14:00`: "a collection of rules or prescribed standards". *Incorrect.*
    *   8. `book%1:10:05`: "the sacred writings of Islam". *Incorrect.*
    *   9. `book%1:10:04`: "the sacred writings of the Christian religions". *Incorrect.*
    *   10. `book%1:10:03`: "a major division of a long written composition". *Incorrect (refers to a part, not the whole publication).*
    *   11. `book%1:06:02`: "a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together on one edge". *Incorrect.*

4.  **Compare the best candidates (1 and 3):**
    *   Sense 1 focuses on the *form* (a published written work).
    *   Sense 3 focuses on the *function/content* (a compilation of known facts/knowledge).

    The context emphasizes that the book is "summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration." While it is certainly a published written work (Sense 1), Sense 3 captures the *nature* of the work—a compilation of facts and knowledge—which is the most precise description of an academic summary/study. Furthermore, the title itself ("Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World...") strongly suggests a comprehensive compilation of research.

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 3 is the most precise fit for a scholarly work summarizing existing knowledge.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: immigration
Target surface form: immigration
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t> (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=immigration%1:04:00:: | definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) | synonyms=in-migration
2. sense_key=immigration%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "immigration" based on the provided context.

Target lemma: immigration
Target surface form: immigration
Context: "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." [...] "As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t> (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=immigration%1:04:00:: | definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) | synonyms=in-migration
2. sense_key=immigration%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony

Analysis of the context:
The context discusses "immigrants," "migration flows," "economic growth," "wages and employment," and "restraining immigration." The discussion revolves around the movement of people into a country (France) and its socio-economic consequences.

Evaluation of Candidate 1:
Definition: migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there).
Synonyms: in-migration.
This perfectly matches the theme of the text (people moving into a country, affecting the economy).

Evaluation of Candidate 2:
Definition: the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval.
This is a specific aggregation of immigrants. While related, the general concept of "migration into a place" (Candidate 1) is the broader and more accurate fit for the discussion about policy, economic impact, and flows.

Conclusion:
Candidate 1, defining immigration as the process or phenomenon of migration into a place, is the best fit for the context discussing economic impacts and policy regarding the movement of people into France.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index.
Candidate 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: People
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional <t>People</t>: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "People" in the provided context.

Context snippet:
"...As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional <t>People</t>: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

The target word "People" is part of the title of a book: "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience**
   * This is a general sense for human beings. The book title refers to "People" in the context of migration and its impact on the world. This seems plausible, referring to humanity or populations.

2. **sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people**
   * This refers specifically to citizens of a state. While migration involves citizens, the title "Exceptional People" seems broader than just the citizenry of one state.

3. **sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?**
   * This refers to ethnic or familial groups/lineages. This is unlikely in the context of a global study on migration and economic impact.

4. **sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people**
   * This refers to the general populace, often implying the common or unprivileged masses. While migration affects the populace, the title "Exceptional People" suggests a distinction or a specific group, not just the general masses.

Revisiting the context: "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
The book is about migration flows and their impact on economic growth, wages, and employment. The term "People" here refers to the populations affected by migration—the human beings involved in these processes.

Sense 1: "(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively." This is the most general and fitting sense for a title discussing the impact of migration on human populations globally.

Sense 4: "the common people generally." While people are populations, "Exceptional People" contradicts the idea of them being merely "the common people."

Sense 2: "the body of citizens of a state or country." Too restrictive.

Sense 3: "members of a family line." Incorrect.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit, representing human beings/populations generally.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: migration
Target surface form: Migration
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How <t>Migration</t> Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=migration%1:04:00:: | definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
2. sense_key=migration%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
3. sense_key=migration%1:11:01:: | definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
4. sense_key=migration%1:11:00:: | definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "Migration" in the provided context.

Context:
"...summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How <t>Migration</t> Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

Target word: Migration (in the title/reference: "How Migration Shaped Our World...")

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=migration%1:04:00:: | definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
2. sense_key=migration%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
3. sense_key=migration%1:11:01:: | definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
4. sense_key=migration%1:11:00:: | definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

Analysis:
1. The context discusses "immigration," "immigrants," "economic growth," "wages," and "employment."
2. The phrase "migration flows" is used, which refers to the movement of people.
3. The book title is "How Migration Shaped Our World," and the surrounding discussion is about the socio-economic impact of people moving between countries.

Evaluating candidates:
1. sense_key=migration%1:04:00:: | definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another. This perfectly matches the context of immigration, economic impact, and human movement.
2. sense_key=migration%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people migrating together. This refers to a group, not the process or phenomenon of migration itself, which is what the book title refers to.
3. sense_key=migration%1:11:01:: | definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical... This is clearly incorrect (chemistry).
4. sense_key=migration%1:11:00:: | definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals... This is incorrect (animal movement/ecology).

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: future
Target surface form: Future
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our <t>Future</t>, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=future%1:28:00:: | definition=the time yet to come | synonyms=hereafter, futurity, time to come
2. sense_key=future%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future | synonyms=future tense
3. sense_key=future%1:06:00:: | definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target word: "Future" (in the phrase "Will Define Our <t>Future</t>")
    *   Context: The sentence discusses a book titled "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future." The surrounding text discusses the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages, and employment.
    *   The word "Future" is used as the object of the verb "Define."

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `future%1:28:00` | definition=the time yet to come | synonyms=hereafter, futurity, time to come. (Relates to time/chronology.)
    *   Sense 2: `future%1:10:00` | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future | synonyms=future tense. (Relates to grammar/linguistics.)
    *   Sense 3: `future%1:06:00` | definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date. (Relates to finance/commodities.)

3.  **Match the sense to the context:**
    *   The context ("How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future") clearly refers to the time period ahead, the destiny, or the coming era, not a grammatical tense or a commodity contract.
    *   Sense 1 ("the time yet to come") perfectly matches this meaning.
    *   Sense 2 (verb tense) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 3 (commodities) is incorrect.

4.  **Select the best sense:** Sense 1.

5.  **Format the output:** Return the JSON object with the correct sense index. (Sense 1 corresponds to index 1).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: specialist
Target surface form: specialists
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among <t>specialists</t> on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=specialist%1:18:00:: | definition=an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning | synonyms=specializer, specialiser
2. sense_key=specialist%1:18:01:: | definition=practices one branch of medicine | synonyms=medical specialist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target word: `specialists` (plural of `specialist`).
    *   Context: "...there is wide consensus among <t>specialists</t> on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."
    *   The context discusses economic growth, wages, employment, and migration flows. The people referred to are providing expert knowledge/consensus on these economic topics.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1 (`specialist%1:18:00`): Definition = "an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning." Synonyms = "specializer, specialiser."
    *   Sense 2 (`specialist%1:18:01`): Definition = "practices one branch of medicine." Synonyms = "medical specialist."

3.  **Match Context to Senses:**
    *   The context refers to "economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron" and discusses "economic growth, wages and employment." The `specialists` are providing consensus on *economic* matters.
    *   Sense 2 is strictly limited to *medicine*. This is incorrect.
    *   Sense 1 refers to "an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning." This perfectly matches the role of economists (who are experts in the branch of learning/occupation of economics) providing consensus on economic issues.

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.

5.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The instruction requires returning a JSON object with the sense index. Since the provided candidates are numbered 1 and 2, the chosen sense is 1. (Wait, the prompt structure implies I should return the index corresponding to the chosen sense, but the provided example output format is `{"sense_index": 3}`. I must ensure I use the correct index based on the candidates provided.)

    *   Candidate 1 -> Index 1
    *   Candidate 2 -> Index 2

    *   I choose Candidate 1.

6.  **Final Check:** The chosen sense (Sense 1: general expert/specialist in a field) aligns with the context (economists/experts on economic issues).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: impact
Target surface form: impact
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive <t>impact</t> of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=impact%1:11:00:: | definition=the striking of one body against another
2. sense_key=impact%1:19:00:: | definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | synonyms=wallop | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking; the book packs a wallop
3. sense_key=impact%1:04:00:: | definition=influencing strongly | synonyms=impingement, encroachment | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture
4. sense_key=impact%1:04:01:: | definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | synonyms=shock | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "impact" in the given context.

Context: "As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive <t>impact</t> of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

Target word: impact (noun)

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=impact%1:11:00:: | definition=the striking of one body against another (Physical collision)
2. sense_key=impact%1:19:00:: | definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | synonyms=wallop | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking; the book packs a wallop (General strong effect/consequence)
3. sense_key=impact%1:04:00:: | definition=influencing strongly | synonyms=impingement, encroachment | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture (Specific type of influence/intrusion)
4. sense_key=impact%1:04:01:: | definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | synonyms=shock | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle (Military/Combat)

Analysis:
The phrase is "positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment".
The context is economic and sociological (migration, growth, wages, employment).

1. Sense 1 (Striking of one body against another): This is physical and irrelevant to economic flows. (Reject)
2. Sense 2 (A forceful consequence; a strong effect): This fits well. "Positive impact" means a positive effect or consequence on economic growth. The examples ("the book had an important impact on my thinking") support the abstract meaning of influence/effect.
3. Sense 3 (Influencing strongly): This is very close to Sense 2, but the synonyms (impingement, encroachment) suggest a sense of intrusion or pressure, which might be too specific or negative compared to the general positive effect described here. However, "influencing strongly" is essentially the core meaning of "effect."
4. Sense 4 (Violent interaction/Combat): Irrelevant to economic flows. (Reject)

Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 3:
Sense 2: "a forceful consequence; a strong effect" (General outcome/result).
Sense 3: "influencing strongly" (The process of exerting influence).

In the phrase "positive impact... on economic growth," "impact" refers to the resulting positive *effect* or *consequence* that migration flows have on the economy. Sense 2, defining it as "a forceful consequence; a strong effect," captures this resulting outcome better than Sense 3, which focuses more on the act of influencing.

Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: migration
Target surface form: migration
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of <t>migration</t> flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=migration%1:04:00:: | definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
2. sense_key=migration%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
3. sense_key=migration%1:11:01:: | definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
4. sense_key=migration%1:11:00:: | definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "migration" based on the provided context.

Context analysis:
The text discusses "immigrants," "immigration problem," "economic growth," "wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants," and "migration flows."

Target phrase: "positive impact of <t>migration</t> flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=migration%1:04:00:: | definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
2. sense_key=migration%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
3. sense_key=migration%1:11:01:: | definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
4. sense_key=migration%1:11:00:: | definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

Evaluation:
*   Sense 3 (Chemistry) is clearly irrelevant.
*   Sense 4 (Animal movement) is clearly irrelevant, as the context discusses human immigration and economics.
*   Sense 2 (A group of people migrating together) is too specific. The context refers to "migration flows" and the general concept of immigration.
*   Sense 1 (The movement of persons from one country or locality to another) perfectly matches the context of "immigrants," "immigration problem," and "migration flows" related to economic and social impact.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: flow
Target surface form: flows
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration <t>flows</t> on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=flow%1:11:00:: | definition=the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases) | synonyms=flowing
2. sense_key=flow%1:28:00:: | definition=the amount of fluid that flows in a given time | synonyms=flow rate, rate of flow
3. sense_key=flow%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression | synonyms=stream
4. sense_key=flow%1:22:00:: | definition=any uninterrupted stream or discharge
5. sense_key=flow%1:26:00:: | definition=something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously | synonyms=stream | examples=a stream of people emptied from the terminal; the museum had planned carefully for the flow of visitors
6. sense_key=flow%1:14:00:: | definition=dominant course (suggestive of running water) of successive events or ideas | synonyms=stream, current | examples=two streams of development run through American history; stream of consciousness
7. sense_key=flow%1:22:01:: | definition=the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause; ; --Hippocrates; --Aristotle | synonyms=menstruation, menses, menstruum, catamenia, period | examples=the women were sickly and subject to excessive menstruation; a woman does not take the gout unless her menses be stopped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "flows" (lemma: flow) in the provided context.
The context discusses immigration, economic growth, wages, and employment.
The relevant sentence is: "As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration <t>flows</t> on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."

The target word is "flows," referring to "migration flows."

I need to evaluate the candidate senses:

1. **flow%1:11:00:** motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases). (Irrelevant, migration is not a fluid.)
2. **flow%1:28:00:** the amount of fluid that flows in a given time. (Irrelevant, migration is not a fluid.)
3. **flow%1:04:00:** the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression. (This relates to movement/progression, which fits migration.)
4. **flow%1:22:00:** any uninterrupted stream or discharge. (This is general, but might apply to movement.)
5. **flow%1:26:00:** something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously. (Example: stream of people. This is a strong candidate for movement/migration.)
6. **flow%1:14:00:** dominant course (suggestive of running water) of successive events or ideas. (This is abstract/conceptual, like a trend or current of thought, not physical migration.)
7. **flow%1:22:01:** monthly discharge of blood from the uterus. (Irrelevant.)

Comparing the relevant senses (3, 4, 5):

*   **Sense 3 (flow%1:04:00):** "the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression." This is a good general fit for migration.
*   **Sense 4 (flow%1:22:00):** "any uninterrupted stream or discharge." Also general.
*   **Sense 5 (flow%1:26:00):** "something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously." The example given is "a stream of people emptied from the terminal." This directly relates to the movement of people (immigrants/migrants), which is exactly what "migration flows" refers to.

Sense 5 provides the most specific and contextually accurate meaning for "migration flows," interpreting it as a continuous movement or stream of people.

Therefore, sense_key=flow%1:26:00 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: employment
Target surface form: employment
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and <t>employment</t> in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=employment%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being employed or having a job | synonyms=employ | examples=they are looking for employment; he was in the employ of the city
2. sense_key=employment%1:04:00:: | definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=work | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
3. sense_key=employment%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of giving someone a job | synonyms=engagement
4. sense_key=employment%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of using | synonyms=use, usage, utilization, utilisation, exercise | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs; skilled in the utilization of computers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "employment" in the provided context.

Context snippet: "...there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and <t>employment</t> in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=employment%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being employed or having a job | synonyms=employ | examples=they are looking for employment; he was in the employ of the city
2. sense_key=employment%1:04:00:: | definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=work | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
3. sense_key=employment%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of giving someone a job | synonyms=engagement
4. sense_key=employment%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of using | synonyms=use, usage, utilization, utilisation, exercise | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs; skilled in the utilization of computers

Analysis:
The context discusses the positive impact of migration flows on "economic growth, wages and employment."
"Wages" refers to payment for work. "Employment" here is listed alongside "wages" and "economic growth" as a positive economic outcome of migration.
The phrase "harms employment" suggests a negative impact on the availability or quality of jobs/work opportunities.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **sense_key=employment%1:26:00**: "the state of being employed or having a job." This fits perfectly with the economic discussion (e.g., increased employment rates).
2. **sense_key=employment%1:04:00**: "the occupation for which you are paid." This refers to a specific job title or role (e.g., "his employment is teaching"). While related, the context refers to the general state/level of employment in a country, not a specific occupation.
3. **sense_key=employment%1:04:02**: "the act of giving someone a job." This is the action of hiring (employing), not the state or outcome being measured economically.
4. **sense_key=employment%1:04:01**: "the act of using." This is clearly incorrect in this economic context.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 1 ("the state of being employed or having a job") is broader and refers to the overall condition of the labor market, which aligns with the macro-economic discussion (growth, wages, employment levels).
Sense 2 ("the occupation for which you are paid") is more specific, referring to a particular job.

Given the phrase "positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment," Sense 1 is the most appropriate interpretation of "employment" in this economic context.

The best fit is sense_key=employment%1:26:00.