[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: american
Target surface form: American
Context:
It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of <t>American</t> parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=american%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to the United States of America or its people or language or culture | examples=American citizens; American English
2. sense_key=american%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or characteristic of the continents and islands of the Americas | examples=the American hemisphere; American flora and fauna

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "American" based on the provided context.

Context: "If I were to ask a sample of <t>American</t> parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?"

Target word: American
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=american%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to the United States of America or its people or language or culture | examples=American citizens; American English
2. sense_key=american%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or characteristic of the continents and islands of the Americas | examples=the American hemisphere; American flora and fauna

Analysis:
The word "American" is used to modify "parents" ("American parents").
The context is discussing educational beliefs and practices within a specific cultural/national setting (implied by the discussion of educational establishment, media, politicians, etc., and the focus on parental views on creativity in schools).
When referring to "American parents," it refers to parents from the United States of America, specifically their culture and national identity.

Comparing the senses:
Sense 1: "of or relating to the United States of America or its people or language or culture." This perfectly matches "American parents" in the context of a discussion about US educational culture.
Sense 2: "of or relating to or characteristic of the continents and islands of the Americas." This would apply to things like geography or biology (e.g., American wildlife), not specifically to the nationality or culture of parents in this context.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: parents
Context:
It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American <t>parents</t>, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "parents" in the given context.
The target lemma is "parent".
The target surface form is "parents".

Context:
"It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our **parents** that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American <t>parents</t>, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Analysis:
1. **Contextual clues:** The sentence discusses "effective education," "human nature of young people," "educational establishment," and asks a sample of "American parents" about encouraging creativity in "your children."
2. **Sense 1:** Refers to a father, mother, or guardian (human relationship). This aligns perfectly with the context of education, children, and asking about parenting choices.
3. **Sense 2:** Refers to biological origin (plant or animal reproduction). This is irrelevant to the discussion about education and children's creativity.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct sense.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index. Since the provided candidates are numbered 1 and 2, I must choose the index corresponding to Sense 1.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: encourage
Target surface form: encourage
Context:
It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to <t>encourage</t> creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=encourage%2:41:00:: | definition=contribute to the progress or growth of | synonyms=promote, advance, boost, further | examples=I am promoting the use of computers in the classroom
2. sense_key=encourage%2:37:00:: | definition=inspire with confidence; give hope or courage to
3. sense_key=encourage%2:32:00:: | definition=spur on | examples=His financial success encouraged him to look for a wife

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "encourage" in the given context.

Context: "If I were to ask a sample of American parents, 'Do you wish the elementary schools to <t>encourage</t> creativity in your children? 'the near-unanimous answer would be, 'Yes, of course.' "

Target word: encourage

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=encourage%2:41:00:: | definition=contribute to the progress or growth of | synonyms=promote, advance, boost, further | examples=I am promoting the use of computers in the classroom
2. sense_key=encourage%2:37:00:: | definition=inspire with confidence; give hope or courage to
3. sense_key=encourage%2:32:00:: | definition=spur on | examples=His financial success encouraged him to look for a wife

Analysis:
The context is "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children?".
"Creativity" is a skill or quality that needs to develop or grow.
The action of encouraging creativity means helping it to develop, advance, or flourish.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **contribute to the progress or growth of**: This aligns perfectly with fostering or developing creativity. Synonyms like 'promote', 'advance', 'boost' fit well.
2. **inspire with confidence; give hope or courage to**: This relates more to emotional support or morale (e.g., encouraging someone after a failure). While creativity can be inspiring, the primary meaning here is about facilitating its *existence* and *development*.
3. **spur on**: This means to incite or motivate action, often quickly or forcefully. While related to motivation, sense 1 (contribute to progress/growth) is a more precise fit for developing a complex trait like creativity in an educational setting.

Conclusion: Sense 1, defined as "contribute to the progress or growth of," is the best fit for encouraging creativity.

The instructions require returning only a JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your <t>children</t>? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "children" (plural of "child") based on the provided context.

Context: "If I were to ask a sample of American parents, 'Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your <t>children</t>? 'the near-unanimous answer would be, 'Yes, of course. 'But what do we mean, specifically, by 'creativity '?"

Target word: children

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Analysis:
The context refers to "American parents" asking about encouraging creativity in their "children" within the context of "elementary schools."

1. Sense 1: "a young person of either sex." This fits the context of elementary school students.
2. Sense 2: "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age." This is a general definition of offspring. While elementary school children are offspring, this sense is broader and doesn't specifically emphasize the *young* nature implied by the educational setting, though it is plausible.
3. Sense 3: "an immature childish person." This sense focuses on immaturity as a character trait, which is too narrow and negative for the general educational context.
4. Sense 4: "a member of a clan or tribe." This is clearly incorrect.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 1 emphasizes the *young* nature ("young person").
Sense 2 emphasizes the *relationship* ("human offspring").

Since the context is about "elementary schools" and encouraging "creativity," the focus is on the developmental stage of the students, which aligns strongly with Sense 1 ("a young person"). While Sense 2 is technically correct (elementary school children are offspring), Sense 1 captures the specific meaning intended by the phrase "children in elementary school" better than the general definition of "offspring."

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: answer
Target surface form: answer
Context:
It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous <t>answer</t> would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=answer%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation | synonyms=reply, response | examples=I waited several days for his answer; he wrote replies to several of his critics
2. sense_key=answer%1:10:02:: | definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=solution, result, resolution, solvent | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book
3. sense_key=answer%1:10:00:: | definition=the speech act of replying to a question
4. sense_key=answer%1:10:03:: | definition=the principal pleading by the defendant in response to plaintiff's complaint; in criminal law it consists of the defendant's plea of `guilty' or `not guilty' (or nolo contendere); in civil law it must contain denials of all allegations in the plaintiff's complaint that the defendant hopes to controvert and it can contain affirmative defenses or counterclaims
5. sense_key=answer%1:04:00:: | definition=a nonverbal reaction | examples=his answer to any problem was to get drunk; their answer was to sue me

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "answer" in the provided context.

Context:
"It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous <t>answer</t> would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?

Target word: answer
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=answer%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation | synonyms=reply, response | examples=I waited several days for his answer; he wrote replies to several of his critics
2. sense_key=answer%1:10:02:: | definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=solution, result, resolution, solvent | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book
3. sense_key=answer%1:10:00:: | definition=the speech act of replying to a question
4. sense_key=answer%1:10:03:: | definition=the principal pleading by the defendant in response to plaintiff's complaint; in criminal law it consists of the defendant's plea of `guilty' or `not guilty' (or nolo contendere); in civil law it must contain denials of all allegations in the plaintiff's complaint that the defendant hopes to controvert and it can contain affirmative defenses or counterclaims
5. sense_key=answer%1:04:00:: | definition=a nonverbal reaction | examples=his answer to any problem was to get drunk; their answer was to sue me

Analysis:
The context uses "answer" in the phrase: "...the near-unanimous <t>answer</t> would be, "Yes, of course. "..."
The preceding clause is: "If I were to ask a sample of American parents, 'Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children?'"
The word "answer" here refers to the verbal response ("Yes, of course.") given to the question posed.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. sense_key=answer%1:10:01: "a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation." This perfectly matches the usage: the statement "Yes, of course" is the reply to the question.
2. sense_key=answer%1:10:02: "a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem." This is incorrect. The parents are answering a preference question, not solving a technical problem.
3. sense_key=answer%1:10:00: "the speech act of replying to a question." This is a very close match, focusing on the *act* rather than the *statement*. However, sense 1 defines the *statement* itself, which is what "the near-unanimous answer" refers to. Since sense 1 includes the definition of a statement made to reply, it is more precise for the grammatical role here.
4. sense_key=answer%1:10:03: Legal pleading. Incorrect.
5. sense_key=answer%1:04:00: Nonverbal reaction. Incorrect.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
Sense 1: "a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question..." (Focus on the resulting statement)
Sense 3: "the speech act of replying to a question" (Focus on the action/process)

In the sentence, "the near-unanimous answer would be, 'Yes, of course,'" "answer" is a noun referring to the content/statement ("Yes, of course"). Therefore, Sense 1, which defines the resulting statement, is the best fit.

The instruction requires returning the JSON object with the sense index. Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mean
Target surface form: mean
Context:
It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we <t>mean</t>, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mean%2:32:01:: | definition=mean or intend to express or convey | synonyms=intend | examples=You never understand what I mean!; what do his words intend?
2. sense_key=mean%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a logical consequence | synonyms=entail, imply | examples=The water shortage means that we have to stop taking long showers
3. sense_key=mean%2:32:03:: | definition=denote or connote | synonyms=intend, signify, stand for | examples=`maison' means `house' in French; An example sentence would show what this word means
4. sense_key=mean%2:31:00:: | definition=have in mind as a purpose | synonyms=intend, think | examples=I mean no harm; I only meant to help you
5. sense_key=mean%2:42:03:: | definition=have a specified degree of importance | examples=My ex-husband means nothing to me; Happiness means everything
6. sense_key=mean%2:31:01:: | definition=intend to refer to | synonyms=think of, have in mind | examples=I'm thinking of good food when I talk about France; Yes, I meant you when I complained about people who gossip!
7. sense_key=mean%2:31:05:: | definition=destine or designate for a certain purpose | examples=These flowers were meant for you

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "mean" in the given context.

Context:
"If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we <t>mean</t>, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say."

The word "mean" is used in the phrase "what do we mean, specifically, by 'creativity'?". This structure asks for the definition or intended scope of the word "creativity" in this context.

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=mean%2:32:01:: | definition=mean or intend to express or convey | synonyms=intend | examples=You never understand what I mean!; what do his words intend?
    * This sense relates to the intended meaning or conveyance of words/ideas. This fits the context perfectly ("what do we mean by 'creativity'?").

2. sense_key=mean%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a logical consequence | synonyms=entail, imply | examples=The water shortage means that we have to stop taking long showers
    * This is about logical implication, not definition. Incorrect.

3. sense_key=mean%2:32:03:: | definition=denote or connote | synonyms=intend, signify, stand for | examples=`maison' means `house' in French; An example sentence would show what this word means
    * This sense is about what a word signifies or denotes. This is extremely close to sense 1 and fits the context ("what do we mean by 'creativity'?").

4. sense_key=mean%2:31:00:: | definition=have in mind as a purpose | synonyms=intend, think | examples=I mean no harm; I only meant to help you
    * This relates to purpose or intention (e.g., "I meant to call you"). While related to intention, the context is asking for the definition of a concept, not the speaker's purpose. Less fitting than 1 or 3.

5. sense_key=mean%2:42:03:: | definition=have a specified degree of importance | examples=My ex-husband means nothing to me; Happiness means everything
    * This is about significance/importance. Incorrect.

6. sense_key=mean%2:31:01:: | definition=intend to refer to | synonyms=think of, have in mind | examples=I'm thinking of good food when I talk about France; Yes, I meant you when I complained about people who gossip!
    * This relates to referring to a specific entity or person. Less fitting than 1 or 3, which focus on the meaning of a concept.

7. sense_key=mean%2:31:05:: | definition=destine or designate for a certain purpose | examples=These flowers were meant for you
    * This is about destiny or designation. Incorrect.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
Sense 1: "mean or intend to express or convey" (Synonyms: intend)
Sense 3: "denote or connote" (Synonyms: intend, signify, stand for)

The phrase "what do we mean by 'creativity'?" is asking for the definition or the intended signification of the term. Both Sense 1 and Sense 3 capture this. Sense 3, with the definition "denote or connote" and synonyms like "signify" and "stand for," is perhaps the most precise linguistic description of asking for the definition of a word. Sense 1 is also very strong, focusing on the act of expressing/conveying.

Given the options, Sense 3 ("denote or connote") is the most accurate fit for asking what a specific word ("creativity") signifies.

I will choose sense_key=mean%2:32:03.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: one
Target surface form: one
Context:
And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No <t>one</t> can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: | definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one
2. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: | definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "one" in the given context.

Context:
"And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No <t>one</t> can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem."

Target word: "one"
Location: "No one can say."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: | definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one
2. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: | definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered

Analysis:
The phrase is "No one can say."
In this construction ("No one can say"), "one" functions as an indefinite pronoun, meaning 'nobody' or 'no person'.

Let's evaluate the senses:
Sense 1: Focuses on the numerical value (1, numeral). This does not fit the context "No one can say."
Sense 2: Definition is "a single person or thing." This fits the function of "one" as an indefinite pronoun referring to an unspecified person (nobody). The examples provided (he is the best one; this is the one I ordered) also support the use of "one" as a substitute for a person or thing.

Conclusion: Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: equate
Target surface form: equated
Context:
These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being <t>equated</t> with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=equate%2:31:00:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=compare, liken | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
2. sense_key=equate%2:42:00:: | definition=be equivalent or parallel, in mathematics | synonyms=correspond
3. sense_key=equate%2:30:00:: | definition=make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching | synonyms=equal, match, equalize, equalise | examples=let's equalize the duties among all employees in this office; The company matched the discount policy of its competitors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "equated" in the given context.
The target lemma is "equate".
The context is: "In practice, it ends up being <t>equated</t> with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem."

The word "equated" is used in the structure: "X is equated with Y".
X = "creativity"
Y = "a 'self-expression' that encourages the youngsters' 'self-esteem'"

This usage means that "creativity" is being treated, defined, or considered to be the same as "self-expression" (in this specific context).

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=equate%2:31:00::** | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=compare, liken | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
    * This sense focuses on conceptual similarity or analogy (A is considered similar to B). This fits the context well: creativity is *considered* to be self-expression.

2. **sense_key=equate%2:42:00::** | definition=be equivalent or parallel, in mathematics | synonyms=correspond | examples=...
    * This is a highly technical/mathematical sense. It is unlikely to be the best fit for a social/educational context unless the context explicitly suggests mathematical equivalence.

3. **sense_key=equate%2:30:00::** | definition=make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching | synonyms=equal, match, equalize, equalise | examples=let's equalize the duties among all employees in this office; The company matched the discount policy of its competitors
    * This sense focuses on the action of *making* things equal (A = B, often through an action). While "equated with" can imply this, the context suggests a definition or conceptual equivalence rather than an active process of making them match.

Comparing 1 and 3:
The phrase "it ends up being equated with" suggests a resulting definition or perception.
Sense 1 ("consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous") captures the idea of a conceptual equivalence or definition ("creativity is *treated as* self-expression").
Sense 3 ("make equal, uniform...") captures the idea of an action ("we made creativity equal to self-expression").

Given the phrasing "it ends up being equated with," Sense 1, which deals with conceptual similarity and description, is the most appropriate fit.

Therefore, I choose sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: encourage
Target surface form: encourages
Context:
These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that <t>encourages</t> the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=encourage%2:41:00:: | definition=contribute to the progress or growth of | synonyms=promote, advance, boost, further | examples=I am promoting the use of computers in the classroom
2. sense_key=encourage%2:37:00:: | definition=inspire with confidence; give hope or courage to
3. sense_key=encourage%2:32:00:: | definition=spur on | examples=His financial success encouraged him to look for a wife

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "encourages" in the given context.
The context is: "In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that <t>encourages</t> the youngsters' "self-esteem."

Target word: encourages
Contextual meaning: The self-expression *causes* or *helps* the youngsters' self-esteem to increase or develop.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=encourage%2:41:00:: | definition=contribute to the progress or growth of | synonyms=promote, advance, boost, further | examples=I am promoting the use of computers in the classroom
2. sense_key=encourage%2:37:00:: | definition=inspire with confidence; give hope or courage to
3. sense_key=encourage%2:32:00:: | definition=spur on | examples=His financial success encouraged him to look for a wife

Analysis:
The phrase is "encourages the youngsters' self-esteem." Self-esteem is a psychological state (a feeling of self-worth).
The action of "encouraging" self-esteem means helping it grow or improve.

Sense 1: "contribute to the progress or growth of". This aligns perfectly with helping self-esteem grow or improve. Synonyms like 'promote' and 'boost' fit well when applied to abstract concepts like self-esteem.
Sense 2: "inspire with confidence; give hope or courage to". While self-esteem relates to confidence, this sense usually applies to people or actions that provide emotional support or hope (e.g., encouraging a struggling student). Here, the self-expression is the mechanism that *causes* the self-esteem to be high, which is closer to promotion/contribution than just inspiring hope.
Sense 3: "spur on". This implies urging someone to action (e.g., spurring someone to run faster). While related to motivation, Sense 1 is a more precise fit for the concept of fostering or developing an internal state like self-esteem.

Conclusion: Sense 1, defined as "contribute to the progress or growth of," is the best fit for encouraging self-esteem.

Mapping to the required output format:
Sense 1 corresponds to the first candidate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: result
Target surface form: result
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The <t>result</t> is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=result%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
2. sense_key=result%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=solution, answer, resolution, solvent | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book
3. sense_key=result%1:11:00:: | definition=something that results | synonyms=resultant, final result, outcome, termination | examples=he listened for the results on the radio
4. sense_key=result%1:10:01:: | definition=the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=resultant role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "result" in the given context.

Context: "The <t>result</t> is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=result%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
2. sense_key=result%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=solution, answer, resolution, solvent | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book
3. sense_key=result%1:11:00:: | definition=something that results | synonyms=resultant, final result, outcome, termination | examples=he listened for the results on the radio
4. sense_key=result%1:10:01:: | definition=the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=resultant role

Analysis:
The context describes a situation where educational practices (encouraging creativity vs. disciplined instruction) lead to a specific outcome: "a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."

The word "result" here refers to the outcome or consequence of the preceding educational philosophy/practices.

Let's evaluate the candidates:
1. sense_key=result%1:19:00:: (a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon / consequence, effect, outcome). This fits perfectly. The generation described is the consequence of the educational approach.
2. sense_key=result%1:10:00:: (a statement that solves a problem / solution, answer). This is incorrect. The generation is not a solution.
3. sense_key=result%1:11:00:: (something that results / resultant, final result, outcome). This also fits well, as it means the final outcome.
4. sense_key=result%1:10:01:: (semantic role). This is too technical and incorrect in this general narrative context.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
Sense 1 focuses on the causal relationship ("a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon").
Sense 3 focuses on the state of being the outcome ("something that results").

In the sentence, "The result is a generation...", the generation *is* the consequence/outcome of the preceding debate/philosophy. Both senses capture this.

Sense 1 synonyms include "consequence, effect, outcome."
Sense 3 synonyms include "resultant, final result, outcome."

Since the context emphasizes the negative *effect* or *consequence* of the educational methods, Sense 1 (consequence/effect) is perhaps slightly more precise than Sense 3 (general outcome/resultant). However, Sense 3 is also very strong, as "something that results" is a direct definition of the usage.

Let's re-examine the examples provided for Sense 1: "his decision had depressing consequences for business." This matches the causal structure of the context.
Let's re-examine the examples provided for Sense 3: "he listened for the results on the radio." This refers to the final data/score, which is a type of outcome.

Given the strong emphasis on the causal link (educational philosophy -> generation), Sense 1, which explicitly includes "consequence" and "effect," is the most robust fit for the meaning conveyed.

Wait, the instructions require me to choose the single best indexed sense. Let's check the provided indices again.
Sense 1: consequence, effect, outcome.
Sense 3: resultant, final result, outcome.

If I must choose one, and both are very close, I will stick with the one that best captures the idea of a negative outcome stemming from a process, which is the core meaning here. Sense 1 is defined as "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon." This is exactly what the generation is in relation to the educational philosophy.

However, looking at the provided solution structure, I must select the index number corresponding to the chosen sense.

If I choose Sense 1: {"sense_index": 1}
If I choose Sense 3: {"sense_index": 3}

I believe Sense 1 is the most accurate description of the semantic relationship (cause and effect).

Let's confirm the index mapping:
1. sense_key=result%1:19:00
2. sense_key=result%1:10:00
3. sense_key=result%1:11:00
4. sense_key=result%1:10:01

I select Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generation
Target surface form: generation
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a <t>generation</t> of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generation%1:14:01:: | definition=all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age | synonyms=coevals, contemporaries
2. sense_key=generation%1:14:00:: | definition=group of genetically related organisms constituting a single step in the line of descent
3. sense_key=generation%1:28:00:: | definition=the normal time between successive generations | examples=they had to wait a generation for that prejudice to fade
4. sense_key=generation%1:28:01:: | definition=a stage of technological development or innovation | examples=the third generation of computers
5. sense_key=generation%1:11:00:: | definition=a coming into being | synonyms=genesis
6. sense_key=generation%1:04:01:: | definition=the production of heat or electricity | examples=dams were built for the generation of electricity
7. sense_key=generation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of producing offspring or multiplying by such production | synonyms=multiplication, propagation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "generation" based on the provided context.

Context: "The result is a <t>generation</t> of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."

Target word: generation

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generation%1:14:01:: | definition=all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age | synonyms=coevals, contemporaries
2. sense_key=generation%1:14:00:: | definition=group of genetically related organisms constituting a single step in the line of descent
3. sense_key=generation%1:28:00:: | definition=the normal time between successive generations | examples=they had to wait a generation for that prejudice to fade
4. sense_key=generation%1:28:01:: | definition=a stage of technological development or innovation | examples=the third generation of computers
5. sense_key=generation%1:11:00:: | definition=a coming into being | synonyms=genesis
6. sense_key=generation%1:04:01:: | definition=the production of heat or electricity | examples=dams were built for the generation of electricity
7. sense_key=generation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of producing offspring or multiplying by such production | synonyms=multiplication, propagation

Analysis of the context:
The phrase is "a generation of young people".
"Young people" refers to a group of people.
The context describes the characteristics of this group (ignorance, intellectual incompetence, good self-opinion).

Evaluation of senses:
1. sense_key=generation%1:14:01: Definition is "all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age". This perfectly matches "a generation of young people."
2. sense_key=generation%1:14:00: Refers to biological descent (organisms). Not applicable to "young people."
3. sense_key=generation%1:28:00: Refers to time interval between generations. The context uses "generation" as a noun referring to a group of people, not a period of time.
4. sense_key=generation%1:28:01: Refers to technological stages. Not applicable.
5. sense_key=generation%1:11:00: Refers to the act of coming into being. Not applicable.
6. sense_key=generation%1:04:01: Refers to power production. Not applicable.
7. sense_key=generation%1:04:00: Refers to biological reproduction/multiplication. Not applicable.

The best fit is sense 1, which defines a group of people of the same age/time period.

Wait, the instructions require me to return the JSON object using the index number provided in the candidate list, not the sense_key.

Candidate list indices:
1. sense_key=generation%1:14:01
2. sense_key=generation%1:14:00
3. sense_key=generation%1:28:00
4. sense_key=generation%1:28:01
5. sense_key=generation%1:11:00
6. sense_key=generation%1:04:01
7. sense_key=generation%1:04:00

The best sense is Candidate 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: young
Target surface form: young
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of <t>young</t> people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=young%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people
2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=new | examples=new potatoes; young corn
3. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 | definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | synonyms=youthful, vernal | examples=he is young for his age
4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry; the day is still young
5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=not tried or tested by experience | synonyms=unseasoned, untested, untried | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "young" in the provided context.

Context: "The result is a generation of <t>young</t> people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."

Target word: young

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=young%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people
2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=new | examples=new potatoes; young corn
3. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 | definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | synonyms=youthful, vernal | examples=he is young for his age
4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry; the day is still young
5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=not tried or tested by experience | synonyms=unseasoned, untested, untried | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle

Analysis:
The context refers to "a generation of young people."
The phrase "young people" strongly suggests a reference to age or developmental stage of humans.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **sense_key=young%3:00:00::**: Definition: (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth. Synonyms: immature. Examples: young people. This perfectly matches the context ("a generation of young people").
2. **sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02**: Definition: (of crops) harvested at an early stage of development. This is about agriculture, not people. (Mismatch)
3. **sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00**: Definition: suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh. While related to youth, this sense often emphasizes vitality or freshness (e.g., "a young spirit"). Sense 1 is more precise for describing the life stage of a generation.
4. **sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00**: Definition: being in its early stage. This is general and often used for abstract concepts or industries (e.g., "a young industry"). Less specific than Sense 1 for people.
5. **sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00**: Definition: not tried or tested by experience. While young people might be inexperienced, the primary meaning conveyed by "young people" in this context is their age/life stage, not necessarily their lack of experience (though that might be a consequence). Sense 1 captures the core meaning of age/development.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the most accurate and specific fit, as it explicitly covers the use of "young" for living things (persons) in an early period of life.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index. Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young <t>people</t> whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "people" in the provided context.

Context: "The result is a generation of young <t>people</t> whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Analysis:
The phrase is "a generation of young people".
The context discusses children/youngsters ("youngsters' self-esteem," "all our children") and the resulting generation.
The word "people" here refers to a group of young human beings.

Checking the senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00: "(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively". This perfectly matches "a generation of young people."
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01: "the body of citizens of a state or country". This is too specific (citizenship) and doesn't fit the general description of a generation of young individuals.
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02: "members of a family line". This refers to ancestry or ethnic group, which is not the meaning here.
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03: "the common people generally". This refers to the masses or general populace, usually in a socio-political context, which is too broad and doesn't capture the specific reference to a "generation of young" individuals.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: incompetence
Target surface form: incompetence
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual <t>incompetence</t> is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=incompetence%1:07:00:: | definition=lack of physical or intellectual ability or qualifications | synonyms=incompetency
2. sense_key=incompetence%1:26:00:: | definition=inability of a part or organ to function properly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
"sense_index": 1
}
```

content:
```json
{
"sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "incompetence" based on the provided context.

Context: "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual <t>incompetence</t> is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."

Target word: incompetence

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=incompetence%1:07:00:: | definition=lack of physical or intellectual ability or qualifications | synonyms=incompetency
2. sense_key=incompetence%1:26:00:: | definition=inability of a part or organ to function properly

Analysis:
The context links "incompetence" with "ignorance" and modifies it with "intellectual."
"whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."

Sense 1: "lack of physical or intellectual ability or qualifications." This aligns perfectly with "intellectual incompetence" and the pairing with "ignorance."
Sense 2: "inability of a part or organ to function properly." This refers to physical or biological failure (e.g., organ failure) and does not fit the context of intellectual ability or education.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: match
Target surface form: matched
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is <t>matched</t> only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=match%2:42:00:: | definition=be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics | synonyms=fit, correspond, check, jibe, gibe, tally | examples=The two stories don't agree in many details; The handwriting checks with the signature on the check
2. sense_key=match%2:40:00:: | definition=provide funds complementary to | examples=The company matched the employees' contributions
3. sense_key=match%2:35:08:: | definition=bring two objects, ideas, or people together | synonyms=mate, couple, pair, twin | examples=This fact is coupled to the other one; Matchmaker, can you match my daughter with a nice young man?
4. sense_key=match%2:42:01:: | definition=be equal to in quality or ability | synonyms=equal, touch, rival | examples=Nothing can rival cotton for durability; Your performance doesn't even touch that of your colleagues
5. sense_key=match%2:30:01:: | definition=make correspond or harmonize | synonyms=fit | examples=Match my sweater
6. sense_key=match%2:41:00:: | definition=satisfy or fulfill | synonyms=meet, cope with | examples=meet a need; this job doesn't match my dreams
7. sense_key=match%2:35:10:: | definition=give or join in marriage
8. sense_key=match%2:33:00:: | definition=set into opposition or rivalry | synonyms=pit, oppose, play off | examples=let them match their best athletes against ours; pit a chess player against the Russian champion
9. sense_key=match%2:30:00:: | definition=be equal or harmonize | examples=The two pieces match
10. sense_key=match%2:30:07:: | definition=make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching | synonyms=equal, equalize, equalise, equate | examples=let's equalize the duties among all employees in this office; The company matched the discount policy of its competitors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "matched" in the given context.
The target lemma is "match", and the surface form is "matched".

Context:
"The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is <t>matched</t> only by their good opinion of themselves."

The word "matched" is used here in the structure "ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."
This structure implies a comparison of degree or quality. The ignorance/incompetence is equaled or balanced by their good opinion of themselves.

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=match%2:42:00:: | definition=be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics | synonyms=fit, correspond, check, jibe, gibe, tally | examples=The two stories don't agree in many details; The handwriting checks with the signature on the check
(This suggests similarity, but the context implies a comparison of level/degree.)

2. sense_key=match%2:40:00:: | definition=provide funds complementary to | examples=The company matched the employees' contributions
(Irrelevant - financial matching.)

3. sense_key=match%2:35:08:: | definition=bring two objects, ideas, or people together | synonyms=mate, couple, pair, twin | examples=This fact is coupled to the other one; Matchmaker, can you match my daughter with a nice young man?
(Irrelevant - pairing/coupling.)

4. sense_key=match%2:42:01:: | definition=be equal to in quality or ability | synonyms=equal, touch, rival | examples=Nothing can rival cotton for durability; Your performance doesn't even touch that of your colleagues
(This fits well. The ignorance/incompetence is equal to/rivaled by their good opinion of themselves. It means the good opinion is equally high, or perhaps equally severe/significant, in contrast to the low intellectual quality.)

5. sense_key=match%2:30:01:: | definition=make correspond or harmonize | synonyms=fit | examples=Match my sweater
(This is about making things fit together, not comparing inherent qualities.)

6. sense_key=match%2:41:00:: | definition=satisfy or fulfill | synonyms=meet, cope with | examples=meet a need; this job doesn't match my dreams
(Irrelevant - fulfilling a requirement.)

7. sense_key=match%2:35:10:: | definition=give or join in marriage
(Irrelevant.)

8. sense_key=match%2:33:00:: | definition=set into opposition or rivalry | synonyms=pit, oppose, play off | examples=let them match their best athletes against ours; pit a chess player against the Russian champion
(This is about setting up a contest, not describing a state of equality.)

9. sense_key=match%2:30:00:: | definition=be equal or harmonize | examples=The two pieces match
(This is a general sense of equality/harmony, but sense 4 is more specific to quality/ability comparison, which fits the context better.)

10. sense_key=match%2:30:07:: | definition=make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching | synonyms=equal, equalize, equalise, equate | examples=let's equalize the duties among all employees in this office; The company matched the discount policy of its competitors
(This is about the action of making things equal, not the state of being equal in quality/ability.)

Revisiting the context: "ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."
This means the good opinion is equally high (or equally significant/powerful) as the incompetence.

Sense 4: "be equal to in quality or ability" (synonyms: equal, touch, rival). This perfectly captures the idea of a comparison of degree or quality.

Therefore, sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched <t>only</t> by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "only" in the given context.

Context: "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched <t>only</t> by their good opinion of themselves."

Target word: only

Analysis of the context:
The sentence compares two qualities of this generation: "ignorance and intellectual incompetence" and "their good opinion of themselves."
The phrase is "is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."
This structure implies that the good opinion of themselves is the *only* thing that matches (or equals) the level of ignorance/incompetence. It suggests exclusivity or limitation.

Analysis of candidate senses:

1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but
   (Focuses on limitation of scope/quantity, e.g., "It was merely a suggestion.")

2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone
   (Focuses on exclusivity. If something is matched *only* by X, X is the sole match.)

3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
   (Focuses on unexpected or negative outcomes/consequences.)

4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
   (Focuses on consequence/result.)

5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
   (Focuses on exception.)

6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when
   (Focuses on conditionality.)

7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago
   (Focuses on time proximity.)

Matching the context to the senses:
"ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."
The good opinion is the *sole* thing that matches the level of incompetence. This strongly aligns with the concept of exclusivity.

Sense 2: "without any others being included or involved" (synonyms: exclusively, solely, alone). This perfectly captures the meaning of "only" in this comparative context.

Sense 1 (merely/simply) is possible but less precise than Sense 2, as it usually modifies a verb or adjective to reduce its scope, whereas here it modifies the comparison itself, making the match exclusive.

Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: good
Target surface form: good
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their <t>good</t> opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=good%3:00:01:: | definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | examples=good news from the hospital; a good report card
2. sense_key=good%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | synonyms=full | examples=gives full measure; gives good measure
3. sense_key=good%3:00:02:: | definition=morally admirable
4. sense_key=good%5:00:00:reputable:00 | definition=deserving of esteem and respect | synonyms=estimable, honorable, respectable | examples=all respectable companies give guarantees; ruined the family's good name
5. sense_key=good%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=promoting or enhancing well-being | synonyms=beneficial | examples=an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries; the beneficial effects of a temperate climate
6. sense_key=good%5:00:00:nice:00 | definition=agreeable or pleasing | examples=we all had a good time; good manners
7. sense_key=good%5:00:00:righteous:00 | definition=of moral excellence | synonyms=just, upright | examples=a genuinely good person; a just cause
8. sense_key=good%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, practiced, proficient, skillful, skilful | examples=adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler
9. sense_key=good%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=thorough | examples=had a good workout; gave the house a good cleaning
10. sense_key=good%5:00:00:close:02 | definition=with or in a close or intimate relationship | synonyms=dear, near | examples=a good friend; my sisters and brothers are near and dear
11. sense_key=good%5:00:01:sound:00 | definition=financially sound | synonyms=dependable, safe, secure | examples=a good investment; a secure investment
12. sense_key=good%5:00:00:opportune:00 | definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | synonyms=right, ripe | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes; the right time to act
13. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=resulting favorably | synonyms=well | examples=it's a good thing that I wasn't there; it is good that you stayed
14. sense_key=good%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=effective, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
15. sense_key=good%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=capable of pleasing | examples=good looks
16. sense_key=good%5:00:00:intellectual:00 | definition=appealing to the mind | synonyms=serious | examples=good music; a serious book
17. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=in excellent physical condition | synonyms=sound | examples=good teeth; I still have one good leg
18. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthful:00 | definition=tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health | synonyms=salutary | examples=beneficial effects of a balanced diet; a good night's sleep
19. sense_key=good%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=not forged | synonyms=honest | examples=a good dollar bill
20. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fresh:01 | definition=not left to spoil | synonyms=undecomposed, unspoiled, unspoilt | examples=the meat is still good
21. sense_key=good%5:00:00:discriminating:00 | definition=generally admired | examples=good taste

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "good" in the provided context.

Context:
"The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their <t>good</t> opinion of themselves."

Target word: good
Contextual phrase: "good opinion of themselves"

I need to determine what kind of "good" applies to an "opinion."

Let's analyze the candidates:

1. sense_key=good%3:00:01:: | definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | (General positive quality)
2. sense_key=good%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | (Quantity) - Unlikely for an opinion.
3. sense_key=good%3:00:02:: | definition=morally admirable | (Moral goodness) - While opinions can be moral, the context suggests a quality of the opinion itself, not necessarily its moral rectitude, but rather its positive nature.
4. sense_key=good%5:00:00:reputable:00 | definition=deserving of esteem and respect | (Reputation/Esteem) - This relates to external judgment, not necessarily the internal self-opinion.
5. sense_key=good%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=promoting or enhancing well-being | (Beneficial) - Possible, but perhaps too strong for a self-opinion.
6. sense_key=good%5:00:00:nice:00 | definition=agreeable or pleasing | (Pleasing/Positive) - This fits well with a positive self-perception.
7. sense_key=good%5:00:00:righteous:00 | definition=of moral excellence | (Moral) - Similar to #3.
8. sense_key=good%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | (Competent) - Unlikely for an opinion.
9. sense_key=good%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=thorough | (Thorough) - Unlikely.
10. sense_key=good%5:00:00:close:02 | definition=with or in a close or intimate relationship | (Close) - Unlikely.
11. sense_key=good%5:00:01:sound:00 | definition=financially sound | (Financial) - Irrelevant.
12. sense_key=good%5:00:00:opportune:00 | definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | (Timely) - Unlikely.
13. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=resulting favorably | (Lucky) - Unlikely.
14. sense_key=good%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | (Effective) - Unlikely.
15. sense_key=good%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=capable of pleasing | (Pleasing) - Very similar to #6.
16. sense_key=good%5:00:00:intellectual:00 | definition=appealing to the mind | (Intellectual) - This relates to the *nature* of the opinion, but the context suggests the opinion is positive, contrasting with their "ignorance and intellectual incompetence."
17. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=in excellent physical condition | (Physical health) - Irrelevant.
18. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthful:00 | definition=tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health | (Health promoting) - Irrelevant.
19. sense_key=good%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=not forged | (Authentic) - Possible, but "positive" seems more likely than "authentic" in this context.
20. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fresh:01 | definition=not left to spoil | (Fresh) - Irrelevant.
21. sense_key=good%5:00:00:discriminating:00 | definition=generally admired | (Admired) - Possible, but less direct than a general positive quality.

The phrase "good opinion of themselves" means they have a positive self-image or high self-esteem.

Sense 1: "having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified." This is a very broad sense of positive quality, which fits "positive opinion."
Sense 6: "agreeable or pleasing." This also fits, meaning the opinion is positive/pleasing to the self.
Sense 15: "capable of pleasing." Similar to #6.

Since the context is about a generation whose ignorance is matched by their *positive* self-perception, the sense must convey positivity or desirability.

Sense 1 is the most general and robust definition of "positive qualities," which encompasses a positive self-opinion.
Sense 6 ("agreeable or pleasing") is also strong.

Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 6/15.
If I say "a good opinion," I mean a positive opinion.
Sense 1: "having desirable or positive qualities." (A desirable opinion).
Sense 6: "agreeable or pleasing." (A pleasing opinion).

In the context of self-esteem, "positive" (Sense 1) is the most accurate descriptor of the quality of the opinion.

I choose Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: opinion
Target surface form: opinion
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good <t>opinion</t> of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=opinion%1:09:00:: | definition=a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty | synonyms=sentiment, persuasion, view, thought | examples=my opinion differs from yours; I am not of your persuasion
2. sense_key=opinion%1:10:01:: | definition=a message expressing a belief about something; the expression of a belief that is held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof | synonyms=view | examples=his opinions appeared frequently on the editorial page
3. sense_key=opinion%1:09:01:: | definition=a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people | synonyms=public opinion, popular opinion, vox populi | examples=he asked for a poll of public opinion
4. sense_key=opinion%1:10:00:: | definition=the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision | synonyms=legal opinion, judgment, judgement | examples=opinions are usually written by a single judge
5. sense_key=opinion%1:04:01:: | definition=the reason for a court's judgment (as opposed to the decision itself) | synonyms=ruling
6. sense_key=opinion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, notion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Context:**
    The sentence is: "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good <t>opinion</t> of themselves."
    The surrounding text discusses education, creativity, self-expression, self-esteem, and the intellectual/emotional state of young people.
    The word "opinion" is used in the phrase "good opinion of themselves."

2.  **Determine the Meaning in Context:**
    "Good opinion of themselves" refers to how they view their own worth, abilities, and value. This is synonymous with self-esteem, self-regard, or self-perception.

3.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **1. sense_key=opinion%1:09:00:** definition=a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty | synonyms=sentiment, persuasion, view, thought | examples=my opinion differs from yours; I am not of your persuasion.
        *   *Relevance:* This is a general personal belief. "Good opinion of themselves" fits this general category (a positive personal judgment).

    *   **2. sense_key=opinion%1:10:01:** definition=a message expressing a belief about something; the expression of a belief that is held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof | synonyms=view | examples=his opinions appeared frequently on the editorial page.
        *   *Relevance:* This relates to public statements or published views, not internal self-perception. (Low relevance).

    *   **3. sense_key=opinion%1:09:01:** definition=a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people | synonyms=public opinion, popular opinion, vox populi | examples=he asked for a poll of public opinion.
        *   *Relevance:* This refers to collective public sentiment, not individual self-perception. (Low relevance).

    *   **4. sense_key=opinion%1:10:00:** definition=the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision | synonyms=legal opinion, judgment, judgement | examples=opinions are usually written by a single judge.
        *   *Relevance:* Legal context. (Irrelevant).

    *   **5. sense_key=opinion%1:04:01:** definition=the reason for a court's judgment (as opposed to the decision itself) | synonyms=ruling.
        *   *Relevance:* Legal context. (Irrelevant).

    *   **6. sense_key=opinion%1:09:02:** definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, notion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
        *   *Relevance:* This sense covers internal feelings, impressions, and beliefs. "Good opinion of themselves" is essentially a positive internal impression/belief about oneself.

4.  **Compare Best Candidates (1 and 6):**

    *   Sense 1: Personal belief/judgment. (General)
    *   Sense 6: Vague idea/impression/feeling/belief. (Focuses on internal state/perception)

    The phrase "good opinion of themselves" strongly aligns with the concept of *self-perception* or *self-image*, which is best captured by the internal, subjective nature described in Sense 6 (impression, feeling, belief). While Sense 1 is technically correct (it is a personal judgment), Sense 6 provides a more nuanced fit for the psychological context of self-esteem/self-image implied by the phrase "opinion of themselves."

5.  **Final Selection:** Sense 6 is the most precise fit for an internal, positive self-assessment.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: whole
Target surface form: whole
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The <t>whole</t> notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=whole%3:00:00:: | definition=including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete | examples=gave his whole attention; a whole wardrobe for the tropics
2. sense_key=whole%3:00:02:: | definition=(of siblings) having the same parents | examples=whole brothers and sisters
3. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:uninjured:00 | definition=not injured | synonyms=unharmed, unhurt, unscathed
4. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=exhibiting or restored to vigorous good health | synonyms=hale | examples=hale and hearty; whole in mind and body
5. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:undiversified:00 | definition=acting together as a single undiversified whole | synonyms=solid, unanimous | examples=a solid voting bloc

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "whole" in the given context.
The context is: "The <t>whole</t> notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction..."

Target word: whole
Contextual usage: "The whole notion of 'creativity' in education..."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=whole%3:00:00:: | definition=including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete | examples=gave his whole attention; a whole wardrobe for the tropics
2. sense_key=whole%3:00:02:: | definition=(of siblings) having the same parents | examples=whole brothers and sisters
3. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:uninjured:00 | definition=not injured | synonyms=unharmed, unhurt, unscathed
4. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=exhibiting or restored to vigorous good health | synonyms=hale | examples=hale and hearty; whole in mind and body
5. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:undiversified:00 | definition=acting together as a single undiversified whole | synonyms=solid, unanimous | examples=a solid voting bloc

Analysis:
The phrase is "The whole notion of 'creativity'".
"Notion" refers to an idea or concept.
When we say "the whole notion," we mean the entire concept, the complete idea, or the entirety of that idea.

Let's check the candidates:
1. sense_key=whole%3:00:00:: definition=including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete. This matches the meaning of "the entire notion."
2. sense_key=whole%3:00:02:: (of siblings) having the same parents. Irrelevant.
3. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:uninjured:00. Irrelevant (not related to injury).
4. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:healthy:00. Irrelevant (not related to health).
5. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:undiversified:00. While it relates to being a single unit, the primary meaning here is completeness/totality of the concept, not necessarily uniformity or lack of diversity in a group. Sense 1 is a much better fit for quantifying an abstract concept like "notion."

Conclusion: Sense 1, meaning "complete" or "constituting the full amount or extent," is the best fit.