[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: require
Target surface form: require
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would <t>require</t> us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=require%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=require%2:32:01:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, expect | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
3. sense_key=require%2:32:00:: | definition=make someone do something | synonyms=command
4. sense_key=require%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, need | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would <t>require</t> us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests."

2.  **Determine the meaning of 'require' in this context:** The structure is "education would require us to [do X] and [do Y]". 'Require' here means that the act of effective education necessitates or compels the action of relinquishing beliefs and violating interests. It is about imposing a condition or demanding a specific action.

3.  **Evaluate the candidate senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (require as useful, just, or proper):** Definition: necessitate, ask, postulate, need, take, involve. Example: "success usually requires hard work." This sense relates to a necessary condition or requirement for something to happen. While 'necessitate' is close, the structure "require us to relinquish" suggests a more active imposition of action rather than just a necessary condition for the *existence* of education.
    *   **Sense 2 (require as consider obligatory; request and expect):** Definition: ask, expect. Example: "We require our secretary to be on time." This focuses on demanding compliance or fulfilling an expectation. This is plausible, but perhaps slightly weaker than Sense 3, as it often implies a request or expectation from an external party.
    *   **Sense 3 (require as make someone do something):** Definition: command. This sense focuses on compelling or forcing an action upon someone. The phrase "require us to relinquish" perfectly matches the meaning of being compelled or made to do something.
    *   **Sense 4 (require as have need of):** Definition: want, need. Example: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner." This is a transitive sense meaning 'to need' (e.g., the piano needs attention). This is clearly incorrect here, as education is the agent imposing the need/action on 'us'.

4.  **Compare the best candidates (Sense 1, Sense 2, Sense 3):**

    *   The core meaning is *compulsion* or *necessity leading to action*.
    *   Sense 3 ("make someone do something," synonym: command) captures the active imposition of the action ("relinquish," "violate") most directly. Education *forces* (in a conceptual sense) the relinquishing of beliefs.
    *   Sense 2 ("consider obligatory; request and expect") is also strong, but Sense 3 is a more forceful and precise match for the idea of an action being mandated by the subject (education).

5.  **Final Selection:** Sense 3, "make someone do something," is the most accurate fit for "effective education would require us to relinquish..."

6.  **Format the output.**


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: relinquish
Target surface form: relinquish
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to <t>relinquish</t> some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=relinquish%2:40:01:: | definition=part with a possession or right | synonyms=release, resign, free, give up | examples=I am relinquishing my bedroom to the long-term house guest; resign a claim to the throne
2. sense_key=relinquish%2:41:00:: | definition=do without or cease to hold or adhere to | synonyms=waive, forgo, forego, foreswear, dispense with | examples=We are dispensing with formalities; relinquish the old ideas
3. sense_key=relinquish%2:40:00:: | definition=turn away from; give up | synonyms=foreswear, renounce, quit | examples=I am foreswearing women forever
4. sense_key=relinquish%2:35:02:: | definition=release, as from one's grip | synonyms=let go of, let go, release | examples=Let go of the door handle, please!; relinquish your grip on the rope--you won't fall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "relinquish" based on the provided context and candidate senses.

Context: "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to <t>relinquish</t> some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests."

Target word: relinquish

Candidate Senses Analysis:

1. **sense_key=relinquish%2:40:01::** | definition=part with a possession or right | synonyms=release, resign, free, give up | examples=I am relinquishing my bedroom to the long-term house guest; resign a claim to the throne
    * Focuses on physical or legal possession/rights (e.g., bedroom, claim to throne).
    * Context involves abstract concepts (metaphysical beliefs, vested interests). This sense seems too concrete.

2. **sense_key=relinquish%2:41:00::** | definition=do without or cease to hold or adhere to | synonyms=waive, forgo, forego, foreswear, dispense with | examples=We are dispensing with formalities; relinquish the old ideas
    * Focuses on giving up abstract things, ideas, or adherence.
    * Context: "relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs... well as to violate some cherished vested interests." This aligns perfectly with ceasing to hold or adhering to beliefs/interests.

3. **sense_key=relinquish%2:40:00::** | definition=turn away from; give up | synonyms=foreswear, renounce, quit | examples=I am foreswearing women forever
    * Focuses on turning away or renouncing (often related to vows or strong commitments).
    * This is close to sense 2, but sense 2's definition ("do without or cease to hold or adhere to") is broader and fits the idea of abandoning beliefs/interests more accurately than just "turning away from."

4. **sense_key=relinquish%2:35:02::** | definition=release, as from one's grip | synonyms=let go of, let go, release | examples=Let go of the door handle, please!; relinquish your grip on the rope--you won't fall
    * Focuses on physical release (grip, object).
    * Context is abstract (beliefs, interests). This sense is incorrect.

Comparison:
The context requires giving up abstract concepts (beliefs, interests).
Sense 2: "do without or cease to hold or adhere to" (Synonyms: waive, forgo, dispense with). This is the best fit for abandoning beliefs and interests.
Sense 3: "turn away from; give up" (Synonyms: foreswear, renounce, quit). While related, Sense 2 captures the nuance of *ceasing to hold* or *adhering to* an idea, which is what is happening with "metaphysical beliefs."

Conclusion: Sense 2 is the most precise match.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: belief
Target surface form: beliefs
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical <t>beliefs</t> about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
"sense_index": 1
}
```

content:
```json
{
"sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target lemma: belief
    *   Target surface form: beliefs
    *   Context: "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical <t>beliefs</t> about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

2.  **Analyze the Candidates:**

    *   **Candidate 1 (sense_key=belief%1:09:00):**
        *   Definition: any cognitive content held as true.
        *   *Assessment:* This is a broad, philosophical definition of a belief (a proposition accepted as true).

    *   **Candidate 2 (sense_key=belief%1:09:01):**
        *   Definition: a vague idea in which some confidence is placed.
        *   Synonyms: impression, feeling, notion, opinion.
        *   Examples: his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
        *   *Assessment:* This sense leans heavily toward subjective opinion or feeling, often lacking the strong, foundational nature implied by the context.

3.  **Apply Contextual Filtering:**
    *   The context uses the phrase: "cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature."
    *   "Metaphysical" strongly suggests deep, fundamental, and often unprovable truths or assumptions about reality (i.e., cognitive content held as true, not just a fleeting opinion).
    *   The beliefs are described as dominating institutions (education, media, politicians), implying they are foundational doctrines or assumptions, not just casual opinions.

4.  **Compare Candidates to Context:**
    *   Candidate 2 (opinion/impression) is too weak for "metaphysical beliefs about human nature."
    *   Candidate 1 (any cognitive content held as true) perfectly aligns with the concept of fundamental, held assumptions or doctrines (metaphysical beliefs).

5.  **Conclusion:** Candidate 1 is the best fit.

6.  **Format Output:** (The instructions require returning only a JSON object with the sense index, but since the provided candidates are numbered 1 and 2, I must map the chosen sense to the required output format, assuming the prompt intended to use the index of the chosen sense.)

    *   Chosen sense: Candidate 1.
    *   Index: 1. (Wait, the prompt asks for `{"sense_index": 3}` in the example, but only provides 2 candidates. I must assume the index refers to the position in the list provided.)

    *Self-Correction/Refinement:* The prompt structure is slightly confusing (it shows an example output of `{"sense_index": 3}` but only provides two candidates). I will proceed by selecting the best sense (Candidate 1) and assigning it the index 1, as it is the first candidate listed.

    *Final Check:* Candidate 1 is the best fit. Index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: young
Target surface form: young
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of <t>young</t> people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=young%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people
2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=new | examples=new potatoes; young corn
3. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 | definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | synonyms=youthful, vernal | examples=he is young for his age
4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry; the day is still young
5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=not tried or tested by experience | synonyms=unseasoned, untested, untried | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "young" in the provided context.

Context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of <t>young</t> people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests."

Target word: "young"
Collocation: "young people"

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=young%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people
2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=new | examples=new potatoes; young corn
3. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 | definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | synonyms=youthful, vernal | examples=he is young for his age
4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry; the day is still young
5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=not tried or tested by experience | synonyms=unseasoned, untested, untried | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle

Analysis:
The word "young" modifies "people" ("young people"). This refers to human beings in an early stage of life.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **sense_key=young%3:00:00::**: Definition: (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth. Synonyms: immature. Examples: young people. This perfectly matches the context ("human nature of young people").
2. **sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02**: Relates to crops. Incorrect.
3. **sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00**: Suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh. While related to youth, sense 1 is more specific to the developmental stage of people, which is what the context implies when discussing "human nature."
4. **sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00**: Being in its early stage (e.g., industry, day). Incorrect for people in this specific context.
5. **sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00**: Not tried or tested by experience. While young people might be inexperienced, the primary meaning used here is developmental age, not lack of experience (though they overlap). Sense 1 captures the core meaning of age/development better.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the most precise fit, as it specifically defines "young" when applied to living things/persons in an early period of life, matching the phrase "young people."

Wait, the instructions require me to return the JSON based on the *index* provided in the prompt, not the sense key.

The candidate senses are listed as:
1. sense_key=young%3:00:00:: ...
2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 ...
3. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 ...
4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 ...
5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 ...

My chosen sense is Sense 1.

I must return: `{"sense_index": 1}`.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young <t>people</t> in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "people" in the given context.

Context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young <t>people</t> in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

Target word: "people" (referring to "young people").

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Analysis:
The word "people" is modified by "young". The context discusses education, human nature, and children.
The phrase is "young people".

1. Sense 1: "any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively". This fits perfectly with "young people," who are a group of human beings, specifically children/youth.
2. Sense 2: "the body of citizens of a state or country". This refers to the populace/nation (e.g., "the American people"). This is too specific and doesn't fit "young people" in this context.
3. Sense 3: "members of a family line". This refers to ancestry or kin. This does not fit "young people" in the context of education and human nature.
4. Sense 4: "the common people generally". This refers to the masses or general populace (e.g., "the common people"). While "young people" are part of the populace, Sense 1 is a much more precise definition for a specific age group.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit, as it covers "any group of human beings," which includes "young people."

Wait, I need to check the provided indices carefully.
Sense 1: people%1:14:00
Sense 2: people%1:14:01
Sense 3: people%1:14:02
Sense 4: people%1:14:03

The best sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: violate
Target surface form: violate
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to <t>violate</t> some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=violate%2:42:00:: | definition=fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns | synonyms=go against, break | examples=This sentence violates the rules of syntax
2. sense_key=violate%2:41:00:: | definition=act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises | synonyms=transgress, offend, infract, go against, breach, break | examples=offend all laws of humanity; violate the basic laws or human civilization
3. sense_key=violate%2:35:00:: | definition=destroy | examples=Don't violate my garden; violate my privacy
4. sense_key=violate%2:41:02:: | definition=violate the sacred character of a place or language | synonyms=desecrate, profane, outrage | examples=desecrate a cemetery; violate the sanctity of the church
5. sense_key=violate%2:41:01:: | definition=force (someone) to have sex against their will | synonyms=rape, ravish, assault, dishonor, dishonour, outrage | examples=The woman was raped on her way home at night
6. sense_key=violate%2:35:01:: | definition=destroy and strip of its possession | synonyms=rape, spoil, despoil, plunder | examples=The soldiers raped the beautiful country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Context:** The sentence is: "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to <t>violate</t> some cherished vested interests."
2.  **Determine the Meaning of 'violate' in Context:** The action is linked to "relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs" and is applied to "cherished vested interests." To 'violate' an interest means to infringe upon it, disregard it, or go against its established boundaries or claims.
3.  **Examine the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **1. sense_key=violate%2:42:00::** definition=fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns | synonyms=go against, break | *Relevance:* High. "Vested interests" are essentially established patterns/claims that one must agree with or respect.
    *   **2. sense_key=violate%2:41:00::** definition=act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises | synonyms=transgress, offend, infract, go against, breach, break | *Relevance:* High. "Vested interests" function like established rules or claims that are being disregarded/breached.
    *   **3. sense_key=violate%2:35:00::** definition=destroy | examples=Don't violate my garden; violate my privacy | *Relevance:* Low. While destroying an interest is extreme, the context suggests challenging or infringing upon it, not necessarily physically destroying it.
    *   **4. sense_key=violate%2:41:02::** definition=violate the sacred character of a place or language | *Relevance:* Very Low. This is specific to sanctity/profanity.
    *   **5. sense_key=violate%2:41:01::** definition=force (someone) to have sex against their will | *Relevance:* None.
    *   **6. sense_key=violate%2:35:01::** definition=destroy and strip of its possession | *Relevance:* None.

4.  **Compare the Best Candidates (1 and 2):**
    *   Sense 1 focuses on failing to agree with or going against rules/patterns.
    *   Sense 2 focuses on acting in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises (transgression/breach).
    *   "Vested interests" are claims or rights that people hold. When education requires one to "violate" them, it means the education challenges or infringes upon those established claims/rights.
    *   Sense 2 (disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises) is a very strong fit for infringing upon established rights or interests.
    *   Sense 1 (fail to agree with; go against rules or patterns) is also good, but Sense 2 captures the active transgression against a defined boundary (the interest) more precisely.

5.  **Final Selection:** Sense 2 provides the most comprehensive definition for challenging or infringing upon established "vested interests."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: belief
Target surface form: beliefs
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These <t>beliefs</t> so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target word: "beliefs" (plural of "belief").
    *   Context: "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These <t>beliefs</t> so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."
    *   Key phrases: "cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature," "dominate our educational establishment," "blasphemous to challenge them."

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:**
        *   `sense_key=belief%1:09:00`
        *   `definition=any cognitive content held as true`
        *   *Assessment:* This is a broad, formal definition of a belief—a conviction or proposition accepted as true. This aligns well with "metaphysical beliefs about human nature."

    *   **Sense 2:**
        *   `sense_key=belief%1:09:01`
        *   `definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed`
        *   `synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion`
        *   `examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?`
        *   *Assessment:* This sense emphasizes vagueness, feeling, and is closely linked to "opinion." While beliefs *can* be opinions, the context uses "metaphysical beliefs" and discusses things that "dominate" institutions, suggesting deeply held, structured convictions rather than mere fleeting opinions or impressions.

3.  **Compare and Select the Best Fit:**
    *   The context discusses "metaphysical beliefs about human nature." Metaphysics deals with fundamental truths and reality.
    *   Sense 1 ("any cognitive content held as true") captures the idea of a fundamental, accepted truth or conviction (a doctrine, a worldview).
    *   Sense 2 ("a vague idea... notion, opinion") is too weak and informal for the high-stakes, philosophical language used ("metaphysical," "blasphemous").

4.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the most accurate and robust fit for the context.

5.  **Format the Output:** (The instruction requires returning only a JSON object with the sense index.)
    *   Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: so
Target surface form: so
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs <t>so</t> dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "so" in the given context.

Context: "These beliefs <t>so</t> dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

Target word: so

Analysis of the context:
The structure is "These beliefs so dominate X that Y."
This structure typically indicates an extreme degree or extent of the action (dominate), which leads to a consequence (it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them).

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed

The structure "so [adjective/verb] that..." is a classic correlative construction indicating degree.

Candidate 7: definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed. This perfectly matches the structure "so dominate... that it seems almost blasphemous."
Candidate 1: definition=to a very great extent or degree. This is also relevant, but Candidate 7 specifically captures the grammatical function (leading to a 'that' clause).

In the sentence: "These beliefs so dominate... that it seems almost blasphemous..."
"so" modifies "dominate" (a verb), indicating the degree of domination.

Candidate 7 is the most precise fit for this construction (Degree + that clause).

Let's confirm the fit for Candidate 7:
Context: "These beliefs so dominate... that it seems almost blasphemous..."
Candidate 7: "(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed."
This is a perfect match.

Therefore, sense 7 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our <t>educational</t> establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
"sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target word: "educational"
    *   Context sentence: "These beliefs so dominate our <t>educational</t> establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."
    *   The word modifies "establishment."

2.  **Analyze the Candidates:**
    *   Candidate 1 (sense_key=educational%3:01:00):
        *   Definition: relating to the process of education.
        *   Examples: educational psychology.
    *   Candidate 2 (sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00):
        *   Definition: providing knowledge.
        *   Examples: an educational film.

3.  **Evaluate Candidates against Context:**
    *   The context refers to the "educational establishment." This refers to the institutions, systems, and structures responsible for education (schools, universities, government bodies overseeing education, etc.).
    *   Candidate 1 ("relating to the process of education") perfectly matches the meaning of "educational establishment." The establishment *is* the system of education.
    *   Candidate 2 ("providing knowledge") is too narrow. While the establishment provides knowledge, the term "educational establishment" refers to the entire system, not just the act of instruction itself (like a film or a lesson).

4.  **Select the Best Sense:**
    *   Candidate 1 is the most accurate fit for "educational establishment."

5.  **Format the Output:**
    *   The instruction requires returning a JSON object with the sense index.
    *   Candidate 1 is the first option listed (index 1). (Wait, the prompt uses numbered lists for candidates, but the final JSON structure requires a single index. I must map the chosen sense to the provided list structure.)

    *   Candidate 1 -> Index 1
    *   Candidate 2 -> Index 2

    *   The chosen sense is Candidate 1.

6.  **Final Check:** The context is about the system/institution ("establishment") dominated by beliefs. Sense 1 ("relating to the process of education") is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: establishment
Target surface form: establishment
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational <t>establishment</t>, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=establishment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, formation, organization, organisation | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation
2. sense_key=establishment%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization founded and united for a specific purpose | synonyms=institution
3. sense_key=establishment%1:14:02:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
4. sense_key=establishment%1:06:00:: | definition=a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence
5. sense_key=establishment%1:14:01:: | definition=any large organization
6. sense_key=establishment%1:22:00:: | definition=(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat | synonyms=ecesis
7. sense_key=establishment%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof | synonyms=validation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "establishment" in the given context.

Context: "These beliefs so dominate our educational <t>establishment</t>, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

Target word: establishment

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=establishment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, formation, organization, organisation | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation (Focuses on the *act* of forming)
2. sense_key=establishment%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization founded and united for a specific purpose | synonyms=institution (General organization/institution)
3. sense_key=establishment%1:14:02:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members (Focuses on the *people* in power/administering body)
4. sense_key=establishment%1:06:00:: | definition=a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence (Focuses on the physical structure/building)
5. sense_key=establishment%1:14:01:: | definition=any large organization (General large organization)
6. sense_key=establishment%1:22:00:: | definition=(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat | synonyms=ecesis (Ecological process)
7. sense_key=establishment%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof | synonyms=validation (Cognitive process)

Analysis of the context:
The phrase is "our educational establishment".
The context discusses "cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature" and how these beliefs "dominate" this entity, alongside "our media, our politicians, and even our parents."
The entity is related to education, and it is a powerful, dominant body that holds beliefs and influences society.

Evaluating the senses:
1. (Act of forming): Incorrect. The context refers to an existing entity that dominates.
2. (Organization founded for a specific purpose): Plausible. "Educational organization."
3. (Persons/committees who administer): Plausible, as the establishment often refers to the powerful figures/system.
4. (Physical structure/building): Unlikely, as the focus is on beliefs and dominance, not bricks and mortar.
5. (Any large organization): Plausible, very general.
6. (Ecological process): Incorrect.
7. (Cognitive process): Incorrect.

Comparing 2, 3, and 5:
The term "establishment" in this socio-political context often refers to the entrenched system, the powerful institutions, or the ruling class/elite that maintains the status quo.

Sense 2 ("an organization founded and united for a specific purpose") is a good fit for "educational establishment" (e.g., the school system).
Sense 5 ("any large organization") is also a good fit.

Sense 3 ("the persons... who make up a body for the purpose of administering something") captures the idea of the entrenched power structure—the people who run the system and hold the beliefs that dominate. When used in critical discourse (like challenging "the establishment"), it often refers to the ruling elite or the system's administrators/power brokers.

Given the phrasing "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment," the focus is on the system's power and the entrenched nature of its beliefs. While Sense 2 describes the structure, Sense 3 describes the *power* and *governance* aspect, which aligns strongly with the idea of beliefs being "dominated" by the system's administrators/ideology.

In common usage, "the establishment" (especially when used critically) refers to the powerful institutions and the people who control them (Sense 3).

Let's re-examine the synonyms for Sense 3: administration, governance, governing body. This fits perfectly with the idea of a system whose beliefs dominate.

Therefore, Sense 3 is the most precise fit for the socio-political usage of "establishment" in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: politician
Target surface form: politicians
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our <t>politicians</t>, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=politician%1:18:01:: | definition=a leader engaged in civil administration
2. sense_key=politician%1:18:00:: | definition=a person active in party politics | synonyms=politico, pol, political leader
3. sense_key=politician%1:18:02:: | definition=a schemer who tries to gain advantage in an organization in sly or underhanded ways

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target word: "politicians" (plural of "politician").
    *   Context sentence: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."
    *   The context lists institutions/groups that hold "cherished metaphysical beliefs" and "vested interests": educational establishment, media, politicians, parents.

2.  **Analyze the Candidate Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: `a leader engaged in civil administration`. (Focuses on governance/administration).
    *   Sense 2: `a person active in party politics`. (Focuses on political activity/parties).
    *   Sense 3: `a schemer who tries to gain advantage in an organization in sly or underhanded ways`. (Focuses on negative, manipulative behavior).

3.  **Evaluate Sense Fit against Context:**
    *   The context discusses how these groups (establishment, media, politicians, parents) *dominate* and hold *beliefs* and *vested interests*. This is a broad description of powerful, influential figures/groups.
    *   *Sense 1 (Civil Administration Leader):* Fits the idea of powerful figures in an establishment, but might be too narrow (e.g., a mayor vs. a general politician).
    *   *Sense 2 (Active in Party Politics):* This is the most general and standard definition of a politician. They are inherently involved in the system of power and belief structures (which is what the text is criticizing).
    *   *Sense 3 (Schemer/Underhanded):* While the overall tone of the passage is critical, the specific description of the politicians here is that they *dominate* and hold *beliefs*. While Sense 3 is a *type* of politician, Sense 2 is the encompassing category that allows them to hold "vested interests" and "beliefs" within the political sphere.

4.  **Refine Selection (Sense 2 vs. Sense 1):**
    *   The passage is criticizing the *influence* of these groups on education. This influence stems from their role in the political/social structure.
    *   Sense 2 ("a person active in party politics") is the most robust definition for someone whose beliefs and vested interests are tied to the political system, which is what the text implies. Sense 1 is too specific (focusing only on administration). Sense 3 is too judgmental and specific, whereas the text is making a general critique of the power structure.

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 2 is the best fit as it represents the general category of individuals involved in the political system whose beliefs and interests are being challenged.

6.  **Format Output:** Ensure the output is a JSON object with the correct index. (Sense 2 corresponds to index 2).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: even
Target surface form: even
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and <t>even</t> our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
2. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
3. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "even" in the given context.

Context: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and <t>even</t> our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

Target word: even

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
2. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
3. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

Analysis of the context:
The sentence lists several groups that hold these dominant beliefs: "our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents".
The word "even" is used here to introduce an element (our parents) that is perhaps surprising or unexpected in the list, given the preceding items (establishment, media, politicians). It emphasizes that the dominance extends even to parents.

Matching the context to the senses:
1. sense_key=even%4:02:00 (intensive, unexpected): This fits perfectly. "Even our parents" suggests that parents are included in this list of dominant forces, which might be surprising to the reader.
2. sense_key=even%4:02:03 (in spite of/notwithstanding): This is a concessive meaning (e.g., Even though it is raining, we go out). This does not fit the structure "A, B, and even C".
3. sense_key=even%4:02:01 (to a greater degree/extent, comparative): This is used in comparisons (e.g., even better). This does not fit the structure.
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04 (to the full extent): This is usually used with prepositions like 'unto' (e.g., even unto death). This does not fit the structure.

The best fit is sense 1, which describes "even" as an intensive used to indicate something unexpected or surprising when added to a list.

Wait, the instructions require me to return the JSON object with the sense index corresponding to the *chosen* sense.

Chosen sense: sense_key=even%4:02:00
Index: 1 (based on the order provided in the prompt, although the prompt uses the key structure). I must use the index provided in the candidate list structure.

Candidate list order:
1. sense_key=even%4:02:00
2. sense_key=even%4:02:03
3. sense_key=even%4:02:01
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04

The best sense is the first one (index 1).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: parents
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our <t>parents</t> that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "parents" in the given context.
The target lemma is "parent".
The target surface form is "parents".

Context: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our <t>parents</t> that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Analysis:
The context lists various groups that hold "beliefs" and "vested interests": "educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents."
The word "parents" here refers to the people who raise children and hold beliefs about human nature (as discussed in the preceding sentences).

Sense 1: "a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian." This perfectly matches the role of parents in the context of holding beliefs about human nature and education.
Sense 2: "an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained." This refers to biological reproduction (e.g., a parent plant), which is irrelevant to the context of social beliefs and education.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct sense.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index. Since the provided candidates are numbered 1 and 2, I must select the index corresponding to Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seem
Target surface form: seems
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it <t>seems</t> almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seem%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, appear | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=seem%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=appear | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
3. sense_key=seem%2:42:00:: | definition=appear to exist | examples=There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now
4. sense_key=seem%2:39:02:: | definition=appear to one's own mind or opinion | examples=I seem to be misunderstood by everyone; I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "seems" in the given context.
The target lemma is "seem".
The context is: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it <t>seems</t> almost blasphemous to challenge them."

I need to evaluate the four candidate senses:

1. **sense_key=seem%2:39:00::** | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, appear | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
   * *Application:* "It seems almost blasphemous..." This suggests that the act of challenging the beliefs gives the *impression* or *outward aspect* of being blasphemous. This fits well.

2. **sense_key=seem%2:39:01::** | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=appear | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
   * *Application:* "It seems almost blasphemous..." This suggests that the act of challenging the beliefs *is* (or appears to be) blasphemous. This also fits well, as it relates to the perceived truth/nature of the action.

3. **sense_key=seem%2:42:00::** | definition=appear to exist | examples=There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now
   * *Application:* "It seems almost blasphemous..." This sense relates to existence ("There seems no reason"). This is irrelevant here.

4. **sense_key=seem%2:39:02::** | definition=appear to one's own mind or opinion | examples=I seem to be misunderstood by everyone; I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters
   * *Application:* "It seems almost blasphemous..." This sense usually involves the speaker's subjective perception ("I seem to be..."). While the statement is an opinion, the structure "it seems X" often functions more generally (like sense 1 or 2) when describing the nature of an external action, rather than solely focusing on the speaker's internal state of being misunderstood.

**Comparison between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**

* **Sense 1 (Impression/Outward Aspect):** The action (challenging beliefs) gives the impression of being blasphemous.
* **Sense 2 (Probable/Apparent Truth):** The action is perceived as being blasphemous (i.e., it is apparent that it is blasphemous).

In the phrase "it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them," the speaker is stating that the act of challenging them *is perceived* as blasphemous. Both senses capture this perception.

However, Sense 1 ("give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect") is often the most precise fit when describing how an action or situation is viewed by others or generally perceived (i.e., the *appearance* of the action). Sense 2 ("seem to be true, probable, or apparent") is often used when evaluating a proposition (e.g., "It seems that the earth is round").

Here, the focus is on the *quality* of the action (blasphemousness), which is an impression or outward aspect.

Let's re-examine the examples:
Sense 1: "She seems to be sleeping" (outward aspect). "This appears to be a very difficult problem" (outward aspect/impression).
Sense 2: "It seems that he is very gifted" (propositional truth). "It appears that the weather... is very bad" (propositional truth).

The structure "it seems [adjective] to [verb]" strongly aligns with Sense 1, where the action/state gives the impression of the adjective.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

Wait, the instructions require me to return the index number corresponding to the chosen sense.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.

Let me double-check the provided indices in the prompt structure.
1. sense_key=seem%2:39:00::
2. sense_key=seem%2:39:01::
3. sense_key=seem%2:42:00::
4. sense_key=seem%2:39:02::

I chose Sense 1. The required output format is `{"sense_index": 3}` if I chose the third sense. Since I chose the first sense, the index should be 1.

Wait, the provided example output in the prompt is `{"sense_index": 3}`. This suggests I might have miscounted or misinterpreted the indexing in the prompt structure, or perhaps the intended answer is Sense 2 (index 2) or Sense 3 (index 3).

Let's assume the provided example output `{"sense_index": 3}` is a template and not a hint about the correct answer, and stick to my linguistic analysis.

My analysis points strongly to Sense 1.

If I must choose Sense 2 (index 2): "It seems almost blasphemous..." (It is apparent/probable that it is blasphemous). This is also very strong.
If I must choose Sense 3 (index 3): "Appear to exist." (Irrelevant).

Between Sense 1 (Impression) and Sense 2 (Apparent Truth), they are very close.
"It seems almost blasphemous" is a judgment of the nature of the action.
If I treat "blasphemous" as a state/quality, Sense 1 (impression/outward aspect) is slightly better.
If I treat the entire clause as a proposition being evaluated, Sense 2 (apparent truth) is better.

In common usage, when describing how an action is perceived, Sense 1 is often preferred.

Let's re-read the prompt constraints: "Choose the single best indexed sense."

If I assume the provided solution structure implies that the correct index is 3, I must justify Sense 3.
Sense 3: definition=appear to exist. Context: "it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them." This makes no sense.

I must ignore the example output structure if it contradicts my linguistic finding. I will proceed with Sense 1.

Sense 1: give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect.
Context: The act of challenging gives the impression of being blasphemous. (Strong fit).

Final decision: Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: blasphemous
Target surface form: blasphemous
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost <t>blasphemous</t> to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=blasphemous%5:00:00:irreverent:00 | definition=grossly irreverent toward what is held to be sacred | synonyms=profane, sacrilegious | examples=blasphemous rites of a witches' Sabbath; profane utterances against the Church
2. sense_key=blasphemous%5:00:00:dirty:02 | definition=characterized by profanity or cursing | synonyms=blue, profane | examples=foul-mouthed and blasphemous; blue language

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "blasphemous" based on the provided context and two candidate senses.

Context: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost <t>blasphemous</t> to challenge them."

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=blasphemous%5:00:00:irreverent:00 | definition=grossly irreverent toward what is held to be sacred | synonyms=profane, sacrilegious | examples=blasphemous rites of a witches' Sabbath; profane utterances against the Church
2. sense_key=blasphemous%5:00:00:dirty:02 | definition=characterized by profanity or cursing | synonyms=blue, profane | examples=foul-mouthed and blasphemous; blue language

Analysis:
The context refers to "cherished metaphysical beliefs" that dominate society. Challenging these beliefs is described as "blasphemous."
"Metaphysical beliefs" are things held to be sacred or fundamental truths within a system of thought.
Sense 1 defines "blasphemous" as "grossly irreverent toward what is held to be sacred." This aligns perfectly with challenging deeply held, sacred (metaphysical) beliefs.
Sense 2 defines "blasphemous" as "characterized by profanity or cursing" (dirty language). This relates to vulgarity, not challenging philosophical or religious dogma.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: challenge
Target surface form: challenge
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to <t>challenge</t> them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=challenge%2:32:01:: | definition=take exception to | synonyms=dispute, gainsay | examples=She challenged his claims
2. sense_key=challenge%2:32:00:: | definition=issue a challenge to | examples=Fischer challenged Spassky to a match
3. sense_key=challenge%2:32:03:: | definition=ask for identification | examples=The illegal immigrant was challenged by the border guard
4. sense_key=challenge%2:32:02:: | definition=raise a formal objection in a court of law | synonyms=take exception

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
Thinking Process:

1.  **Analyze the Context:** The sentence is: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to <t>challenge</t> them."
2.  **Identify the Target Word:** challenge.
3.  **Analyze the Object of the Action:** The object is "them," which refers to "cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature."
4.  **Determine the Meaning in Context:** The speaker is suggesting that questioning or opposing these deeply held beliefs is difficult ("almost blasphemous"). Therefore, 'challenge' means to question, dispute, or oppose the validity or existence of these beliefs.
5.  **Evaluate Candidate Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1 (challenge%2:32:01):** Definition: take exception to. Synonyms: dispute, gainsay. Example: She challenged his claims.
        *   *Fit:* This perfectly matches the context. To "take exception to" or "dispute" a belief is exactly what is meant here.
    *   **Sense 2 (challenge%2:32:00):** Definition: issue a challenge to. Example: Fischer challenged Spassky to a match.
        *   *Fit:* This implies a competitive contest (like a sporting match). It does not fit the context of questioning abstract beliefs.
    *   **Sense 3 (challenge%2:32:03):** Definition: ask for identification. Example: The illegal immigrant was challenged by the border guard.
        *   *Fit:* This is irrelevant (security/identification).
    *   **Sense 4 (challenge%2:32:02):** Definition: raise a formal objection in a court of law. Synonyms: take exception.
        *   *Fit:* While "take exception" is a synonym, the context is philosophical/social, not legal. Sense 1 is broader and fits the general act of disputing a belief, whereas Sense 4 is restricted to legal settings.

6.  **Select the Best Sense:** Sense 1 ("take exception to," "dispute") is the most accurate and general fit for questioning deeply held beliefs.

7.  **Format the Output:** Return the index of Sense 1. (Note: The provided indices are 1, 2, 3, 4 corresponding to the listed senses).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: here
Target surface form: Here
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. <t>Here</t> is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "Here" in the given context.

Context:
"...These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. <t>Here</t> is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. ""

Target word: Here

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here (Spatial location)
2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree (Circumstance/Point)
3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please (Direction/Movement towards)
4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon (Time)

Analysis:
The sentence is: "Here is an example."
The word "Here" is introducing an illustration or a specific instance that supports the preceding argument (the dominance of certain beliefs).

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. Spatial location: "Here is an example" does not mean "in this physical place is an example." (Unlikely)
2. Circumstance/Point: "Here is an example" means "In this regard/On this point, here is an example." This fits perfectly. It signals a transition or a specific point being made.
3. Direction/Movement: "Here is an example" does not mean "come to this place is an example." (Incorrect usage)
4. Time: "Here is an example" does not mean "at this time is an example." (Incorrect usage)

Sense 2, "in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail," is the best fit for "Here is an example," where "Here" functions as an introductory adverbial phrase meaning "To illustrate this point."

Therefore, the best sense is sense_key=here%4:02:02.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: example
Target surface form: example
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an <t>example</t>. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=example%1:09:00:: | definition=an item of information that is typical of a class or group | synonyms=illustration, instance, representative | examples=this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome; there is an example on page 10
2. sense_key=example%1:09:02:: | definition=a representative form or pattern | synonyms=model | examples=I profited from his example
3. sense_key=example%1:09:01:: | definition=something to be imitated | synonyms=exemplar, model, good example | examples=an exemplar of success; a model of clarity
4. sense_key=example%1:10:00:: | definition=punishment intended as a warning to others | synonyms=deterrent example, lesson, object lesson | examples=they decided to make an example of him
5. sense_key=example%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=case, instance | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
6. sense_key=example%1:04:00:: | definition=a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding | synonyms=exercise | examples=you must work the examples at the end of each chapter in the textbook

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "example" based on the provided context and candidate senses.

Context:
"Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an <t>example</t>. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. ""

Target word: example

Analysis of the context around "example":
"These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, 'Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? 'the near-unanimous answer would be, 'Yes, of course.' "

The word "example" is immediately followed by a scenario (a hypothetical survey question and the expected answer). This scenario serves to illustrate the point made previously (the dominance of certain beliefs).

Analysis of candidate senses:

1. sense_key=example%1:09:00:: | definition=an item of information that is typical of a class or group | synonyms=illustration, instance, representative | examples=this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome; there is an example on page 10
    * This fits well. The subsequent text provides a representative case/instance of how these beliefs manifest.

2. sense_key=example%1:09:02:: | definition=a representative form or pattern | synonyms=model | examples=I profited from his example
    * Less likely. It's not describing a pattern itself, but an instance of the pattern.

3. sense_key=example%1:09:01:: | definition=something to be imitated | synonyms=exemplar, model, good example | examples=an exemplar of success; a model of clarity
    * Unlikely. The context is providing evidence/illustration, not something to be copied.

4. sense_key=example%1:10:00:: | definition=punishment intended as a warning to others | synonyms=deterrent example, lesson, object lesson | examples=they decided to make an example of him
    * Incorrect meaning.

5. sense_key=example%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=case, instance | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
    * This is very close to sense 1. The scenario provided is an "instance" or "case" illustrating the point.

6. sense_key=example%1:04:00:: | definition=a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding | synonyms=exercise | examples=you must work the examples at the end of each chapter in the textbook
    * Incorrect meaning.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 5:
Sense 1: "an item of information that is typical of a class or group" (synonyms: illustration, instance, representative)
Sense 5: "an occurrence of something" (synonyms: case, instance)

The context uses the example to illustrate a general point about how beliefs dominate society. The scenario provided (asking parents about creativity) is a *representative* illustration of this dominance. Sense 1, with its emphasis on "typical" and "representative," captures the function of the example in the discourse better than the more general "occurrence" (Sense 5).

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ask
Target surface form: ask
Context:
It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to <t>ask</t> a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ask%2:32:00:: | definition=inquire about | synonyms=inquire, enquire | examples=I asked about their special today; He had to ask directions several times
2. sense_key=ask%2:32:01:: | definition=make a request or demand for something to somebody | examples=She asked him for a loan
3. sense_key=ask%2:32:02:: | definition=direct or put; seek an answer to | examples=ask a question
4. sense_key=ask%2:32:05:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=require, expect | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
5. sense_key=ask%2:32:04:: | definition=address a question to and expect an answer from | examples=Ask your teacher about trigonometry; The children asked me about their dead grandmother
6. sense_key=ask%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, postulate, need, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
7. sense_key=ask%2:32:09:: | definition=require or ask for as a price or condition | examples=He is asking $200 for the table; The kidnappers are asking a million dollars in return for the release of their hostage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "ask" in the provided context.

Context: "Here is an example. If I were to <t>ask</t> a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?

Target word: ask

Analysis of the context:
The speaker is proposing a hypothetical action: "If I were to ask a sample of American parents, 'Do you wish...?'"
The action involves posing a question ("Do you wish...") to a group of people (parents) and expecting a response.

Analysis of candidate senses:

1. sense_key=ask%2:32:00:: | definition=inquire about | synonyms=inquire, enquire | examples=I asked about their special today; He had to ask directions several times
(This is about inquiring about a topic, not necessarily posing a direct question to get a specific answer.)

2. sense_key=ask%2:32:01:: | definition=make a request or demand for something to somebody | examples=She asked him for a loan
(This is about requesting an object or action, not posing a question.)

3. sense_key=ask%2:32:02:: | definition=direct or put; seek an answer to | examples=ask a question
(This aligns well. The speaker is directing a question to the parents to seek their answer.)

4. sense_key=ask%2:32:05:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=require, expect | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
(This is about requiring or expecting something, not posing a question.)

5. sense_key=ask%2:32:04:: | definition=address a question to and expect an answer from | examples=Ask your teacher about trigonometry; The children asked me about their dead grandmother
(This is a very strong match. The speaker is addressing a specific question ("Do you wish...") to the parents and expecting an answer.)

6. sense_key=ask%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, postulate, need, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
(This is about necessity/requirement, not questioning.)

7. sense_key=ask%2:32:09:: | definition=require or ask for as a price or condition | examples=He is asking $200 for the table; The kidnappers are asking a million dollars in return for the release of their hostage
(This is about demanding payment/conditions.)

Comparison between 3 and 5:
Sense 3: "direct or put; seek an answer to" (General act of asking a question)
Sense 5: "address a question to and expect an answer from" (Specific act of posing a question to someone to elicit a response)

The context explicitly states the speaker is addressing a specific question ("Do you wish...") to a specific group ("a sample of American parents") and anticipates a response ("the near-unanimous answer would be, 'Yes, of course.'"). Sense 5 captures this interactional aspect (addressing someone to get an answer) more precisely than Sense 3.

Therefore, sense_key=ask%2:32:04 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sample
Target surface form: sample
Context:
It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to ask a <t>sample</t> of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sample%1:09:00:: | definition=a small part of something intended as representative of the whole
2. sense_key=sample%1:09:01:: | definition=items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population | synonyms=sample distribution, sampling
3. sense_key=sample%1:17:00:: | definition=all or part of a natural object that is collected and preserved as an example of its class

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "sample" in the given context.

Context: "Here is an example. If I were to ask a <t>sample</t> of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?

Target word: sample

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sample%1:09:00:: | definition=a small part of something intended as representative of the whole
2. sense_key=sample%1:09:01:: | definition=items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population | synonyms=sample distribution, sampling
3. sense_key=sample%1:17:00:: | definition=all or part of a natural object that is collected and preserved as an example of its class

Analysis:
The phrase is "a sample of American parents".
The context involves asking a group of parents a question ("Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children?").
When researchers or speakers refer to "a sample of parents," they mean a subset of the larger population of American parents, chosen to represent that population.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **a small part of something intended as representative of the whole:** This perfectly matches the idea of selecting a subset (a sample) of parents to represent all American parents.
2. **items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population | synonyms=sample distribution, sampling:** This is very close to sense 1, but focuses heavily on the statistical/hypothetical testing aspect. While the act of taking a sample is statistical, the definition provided in sense 1 is a more general and direct fit for "a sample of parents" in a survey context. Sense 2 emphasizes the *process* and *purpose* (testing hypotheses), whereas sense 1 emphasizes the *nature* of the group (representative part).
3. **all or part of a natural object that is collected and preserved as an example of its class:** This refers to physical specimens (e.g., a rock sample, a biological sample) and is irrelevant here.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 1: "a small part of something intended as representative of the whole."
Sense 2: "items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population."

In the context of a survey ("If I were to ask a sample of American parents..."), the primary function of the sample is representation. Sense 1 captures this core meaning most accurately and broadly. Sense 2 is more specialized (statistical methodology).

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.