[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: call
Target surface form: called
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene <t>called</t> p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful
3. sense_key=call%2:32:01:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=telephone, call up, phone, ring | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
4. sense_key=call%2:32:09:: | definition=utter a sudden loud cry | synonyms=shout, shout out, cry, yell, scream, holler | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle; I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me
5. sense_key=call%2:32:05:: | definition=order, request, or command to come | synonyms=send for | examples=She was called into the director's office; Call the police!
6. sense_key=call%2:41:00:: | definition=pay a brief visit | synonyms=visit, call in | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. sense_key=call%2:41:04:: | definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'; The new dean calls meetings every week
8. sense_key=call%2:32:13:: | definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. sense_key=call%2:32:04:: | definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!; A transmitter in Samoa was heard calling
10. sense_key=call%2:32:03:: | definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. sense_key=call%2:42:09:: | definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. sense_key=call%2:41:14:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=address | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
13. sense_key=call%2:41:12:: | definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. sense_key=call%2:40:09:: | definition=demand payment of (a loan) | synonyms=call in | examples=Call a loan
15. sense_key=call%2:40:05:: | definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | synonyms=bid | examples=He called his trump
16. sense_key=call%2:38:00:: | definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance | synonyms=call off
17. sense_key=call%2:32:06:: | definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. sense_key=call%2:32:10:: | definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | synonyms=predict, foretell, prognosticate, forebode, anticipate, promise | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. sense_key=call%2:32:12:: | definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. sense_key=call%2:32:07:: | definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. sense_key=call%2:32:08:: | definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. sense_key=call%2:32:11:: | definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. sense_key=call%2:32:15:: | definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. sense_key=call%2:32:14:: | definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty; They called him to active military duty
25. sense_key=call%2:31:13:: | definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name; The auctioneer called the bids
26. sense_key=call%2:31:00:: | definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. sense_key=call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. sense_key=call%2:29:05:: | definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "called" in the given context.
The target lemma is "call".
The target surface form is "called".
The context is: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene <t>called</t> p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."

I need to analyze how "called" is used here. It is used to assign a name ("p53") to a thing (a gene).

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
This sense matches perfectly. The gene is being assigned the name "p53".

2. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful
This is about describing a quality, not assigning a proper name like "p53".

3. sense_key=call%2:32:01:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=telephone, call up, phone, ring | (Irrelevant)

4. sense_key=call%2:32:09:: | definition=utter a sudden loud cry | (Irrelevant)

5. sense_key=call%2:32:05:: | definition=order, request, or command to come | (Irrelevant)

6. sense_key=call%2:41:00:: | definition=pay a brief visit | (Irrelevant)

7. sense_key=call%2:41:04:: | definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | (Irrelevant)

8. sense_key=call%2:32:13:: | definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | (Irrelevant)

9. sense_key=call%2:32:04:: | definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | (Irrelevant)

10. sense_key=call%2:32:03:: | definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | (Irrelevant)

11. sense_key=call%2:42:09:: | definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | (Irrelevant)

12. sense_key=call%2:41:14:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=address | (Less precise than sense 1, as sense 1 covers naming/labeling generally, while this focuses on greeting/addressing.)

13. sense_key=call%2:41:12:: | definition=make a stop in a harbour | (Irrelevant)

14. sense_key=call%2:40:09:: | definition=demand payment of (a loan) | (Irrelevant)

15. sense_key=call%2:40:05:: | definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | (Irrelevant)

16. sense_key=call%2:38:00:: | definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance | (Irrelevant)

17. sense_key=call%2:32:06:: | definition=indicate a decision in regard to | (Irrelevant)

18. sense_key=call%2:32:10:: | definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | (Irrelevant)

19. sense_key=call%2:32:12:: | definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | (Irrelevant)

20. sense_key=call%2:32:07:: | definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | (Irrelevant)

21. sense_key=call%2:32:08:: | definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | (Irrelevant)

22. sense_key=call%2:32:11:: | definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | (Irrelevant)

23. sense_key=call%2:32:15:: | definition=order or request or give a command for | (Irrelevant)

24. sense_key=call%2:32:14:: | definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | (Irrelevant)

25. sense_key=call%2:31:13:: | definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | (Irrelevant)

26. sense_key=call%2:31:00:: | definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | (Irrelevant)

27. sense_key=call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | (This is close, but sense 1 is more precise for assigning a proper name.)

28. sense_key=call%2:29:05:: | definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | (Irrelevant)

The context "a gene called p53" clearly uses "called" in the sense of naming or labeling. Sense 1 is the definitive match.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: impair
Target surface form: impaired
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if <t>impaired</t>, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=impair%2:30:00:: | definition=make worse or less effective | examples=His vision was impaired
2. sense_key=impair%2:30:01:: | definition=make imperfect | synonyms=mar, spoil, deflower, vitiate | examples=nothing marred her beauty

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
"sense_index": 1
}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{
"sense_index": 1
}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the target word and context:**
    *   Target lemma: impair
    *   Target surface form: impaired
    *   Context sentence: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if <t>impaired</t>, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."
    *   The context links the state of the p53 gene (being 'impaired') directly to the outcome of cells turning cancerous.

2.  **Analyze the candidate senses:**
    *   **Sense 1 (impair%2:30:00):** Definition = make worse or less effective. Example = His vision was impaired.
    *   **Sense 2 (impair%2:30:01):** Definition = make imperfect. Synonyms = mar, spoil, deflower, vitiate. Example = nothing marred her beauty.

3.  **Evaluate the fit:**
    *   The p53 gene is a "cancer-suppressor."
    *   If a cancer-suppressor gene is *impaired*, it fails to suppress cancer, leading to cells becoming cancerous.
    *   "Making worse or less effective" (Sense 1) perfectly describes the failure of a protective gene. If it is impaired, its function is diminished or destroyed, making it less effective at preventing cancer.
    *   "Making imperfect" (Sense 2) is too general and doesn't capture the functional, biological failure implied here. While a non-functional gene is imperfect, the core meaning in this scientific context is functional degradation leading to a negative outcome (cancer).

4.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1, "make worse or less effective," is the most precise fit for a gene's function being compromised, leading to disease.

5.  **Format the output:** The instruction requires returning only a JSON object with the sense index. Since the candidates are numbered 1 and 2, the chosen sense is 1. (Wait, the prompt structure implies the final output should be a JSON object with a sense index, but the provided candidates are numbered 1 and 2. I must ensure I map the chosen sense to the required output format.)

*Self-Correction/Refinement:* The prompt asks me to choose the single best indexed sense. I chose Sense 1. I must return the JSON structure as requested.

*Final check of instructions:*
1. Choose the single best indexed sense. (Sense 1)
2. Do not hedge. (Done)
3. Choose the single best indexed sense. (Done)
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. (I will use the index corresponding to my choice, which is 1).

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: turn
Target surface form: turns
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, <t>turns</t> healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=turn%2:38:00:: | definition=change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense | examples=Turn towards me; The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face
2. sense_key=turn%2:30:04:: | definition=undergo a transformation or a change of position or action | synonyms=change state | examples=We turned from Socialism to Capitalism; The people turned against the President when he stole the election
3. sense_key=turn%2:42:00:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=become | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
4. sense_key=turn%2:38:02:: | definition=cause to move around or rotate | examples=turn a key; turn your palm this way
5. sense_key=turn%2:30:00:: | definition=change to the contrary | synonyms=change by reversal, reverse | examples=The trend was reversed; the tides turned against him
6. sense_key=turn%2:38:03:: | definition=pass to the other side of | synonyms=move around | examples=turn the corner; move around the obstacle
7. sense_key=turn%2:30:03:: | definition=pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become | synonyms=grow | examples=The weather turned nasty; She grew angry
8. sense_key=turn%2:35:08:: | definition=let (something) fall or spill from a container | synonyms=release | examples=turn the flour onto a plate
9. sense_key=turn%2:38:04:: | definition=move around an axis or a center | examples=The wheels are turning
10. sense_key=turn%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to move around a center so as to show another side of | synonyms=turn over | examples=turn a page of a book
11. sense_key=turn%2:38:06:: | definition=to send or let go | examples=They turned away the crowd at the gate of the governor's mansion
12. sense_key=turn%2:36:00:: | definition=to break and turn over earth especially with a plow | synonyms=plow, plough | examples=Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week; turn the earth in the Spring
13. sense_key=turn%2:35:06:: | definition=shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel | examples=turn the legs of the table; turn the clay on the wheel
14. sense_key=turn%2:30:09:: | definition=change color | examples=In Vermont, the leaves turn early
15. sense_key=turn%2:29:00:: | definition=twist suddenly so as to sprain | synonyms=twist, sprain, wrench, wrick, rick | examples=wrench one's ankle; The wrestler twisted his shoulder
16. sense_key=turn%2:42:13:: | definition=cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics | examples=The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him; The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold
17. sense_key=turn%2:41:10:: | definition=accomplish by rotating | examples=turn a somersault; turn cartwheels
18. sense_key=turn%2:40:13:: | definition=get by buying and selling | examples=the company turned a good profit after a year
19. sense_key=turn%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move along an axis or into a new direction | examples=turn your face to the wall; turn the car around
20. sense_key=turn%2:38:14:: | definition=channel one's attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something | examples=The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction; people turn to mysticism at the turn of a millennium
21. sense_key=turn%2:35:11:: | definition=cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form | synonyms=flex, bend, deform, twist | examples=bend the rod; twist the dough into a braid
22. sense_key=turn%2:35:10:: | definition=alter the functioning or setting of | examples=turn the dial to 10; turn the heat down
23. sense_key=turn%2:33:13:: | definition=direct at someone | examples=She turned a smile on me; They turned their flashlights on the car
24. sense_key=turn%2:32:14:: | definition=have recourse to or make an appeal or request for help or information to | synonyms=call on | examples=She called on her Representative to help her; She turned to her relatives for help
25. sense_key=turn%2:30:01:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, ferment, work | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
26. sense_key=turn%2:30:14:: | definition=become officially one year older | examples=She is turning 50 this year

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "turns" in the given context.
The target lemma is "turn".
The context sentence is: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."

I need to analyze the meaning of "turns" in this specific context: "turns healthy colon cells cancerous."
This describes a biological process where a healthy state changes into a cancerous state.

Let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=turn%2:38:00:: change orientation or direction (Physical movement) - No.
2. sense_key=turn%2:30:04:: undergo a transformation or a change of position or action (Intransitive change) - Possible, but the subject (gene) is causing the change in the object (cells).
3. sense_key=turn%2:42:00:: undergo a change or development (Intransitive change) - No, the gene is causing the change.
4. sense_key=turn%2:38:02:: cause to move around or rotate (Physical action) - No.
5. sense_key=turn%2:30:00:: change to the contrary (Reversal) - No.
6. sense_key=turn%2:38:03:: pass to the other side of (Movement) - No.
7. sense_key=turn%2:30:03:: pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become (Intransitive change) - No, the gene is causing the change.
8. sense_key=turn%2:35:08:: let (something) fall or spill from a container (Action) - No.
9. sense_key=turn%2:38:04:: move around an axis or a center (Rotation) - No.
10. sense_key=turn%2:38:01:: cause to move around a center so as to show another side of (Rotation) - No.
11. sense_key=turn%2:38:06:: to send or let go (Action) - No.
12. sense_key=turn%2:36:00:: to break and turn over earth especially with a plow (Agriculture) - No.
13. sense_key=turn%2:35:06:: shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel (Crafting) - No.
14. sense_key=turn%2:30:09:: change color (Specific change) - No, the change is from healthy to cancerous (state/condition).
15. sense_key=turn%2:29:00:: twist suddenly so as to sprain (Physical action) - No.
16. sense_key=turn%2:42:13:: cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics (Transitive change/transformation) - Yes. The gene *causes* the cells to change from healthy to cancerous. This matches the definition and the context perfectly.
17. sense_key=turn%2:41:10:: accomplish by rotating (Action) - No.
18. sense_key=turn%2:40:13:: get by buying and selling (Earning) - No.
19. sense_key=turn%2:38:13:: cause to move along an axis or into a new direction (Directional change) - No.
20. sense_key=turn%2:38:14:: channel one's attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something (Focus) - No.
21. sense_key=turn%2:35:11:: cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form (Deformation) - No.
22. sense_key=turn%2:35:10:: alter the functioning or setting of (Adjustment) - No.
23. sense_key=turn%2:33:13:: direct at someone (Gaze/Focus) - No.
24. sense_key=turn%2:32:14:: have recourse to or make an appeal or request for help or information to (Appeal) - No.
25. sense_key=turn%2:30:01:: go sour or spoil (Intransitive change) - No.
26. sense_key=turn%2:30:14:: become officially one year older (Age) - No.

Sense 16, "cause to change or turn into something different; assume new characteristics," is the best fit. The gene (subject) causes the cells (object) to change from healthy to cancerous.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: healthy
Target surface form: healthy
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns <t>healthy</t> colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=healthy%3:00:00:: | definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby; staying fit and healthy
2. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
3. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:wholesome:00 | definition=promoting health; healthful; ; ; ; ; - C.B.Davis | synonyms=salubrious, good for you | examples=a healthy diet; clean healthy air
4. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:reasonable:00 | definition=exercising or showing good judgment | synonyms=intelligent, levelheaded, sound | examples=healthy scepticism; a healthy fear of rattlesnakes
5. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:considerable:00 | definition=large in amount or extent or degree | synonyms=goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, sizable, sizeable | examples=it cost a considerable amount; a goodly amount

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "healthy" in the given context.

Context: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns <t>healthy</t> colon cells cancerous."

Target word: healthy

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=healthy%3:00:00:: | definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby; staying fit and healthy
2. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
3. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:wholesome:00 | definition=promoting health; healthful; ; ; ; ; - C.B.Davis | synonyms=salubrious, good for you | examples=a healthy diet; clean healthy air
4. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:reasonable:00 | definition=exercising or showing good judgment | synonyms=intelligent, levelheaded, sound | examples=healthy scepticism; a healthy fear of rattlesnakes
5. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:considerable:00 | definition=large in amount or extent or degree | synonyms=goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, sizable, sizeable | examples=it cost a considerable amount; a goodly amount

Analysis:
The word "healthy" modifies "colon cells". The context describes a gene (p53) that, when impaired, turns these cells "cancerous". Therefore, the cells must be in a state of good, non-diseased health before the impairment occurs.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **sense_key=healthy%3:00:00::** Definition: having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease. This fits perfectly with describing cells that are not diseased (i.e., not cancerous).
2. **sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:sound:00** (Financial/Economic). Irrelevant.
3. **sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:wholesome:00** (Promoting health/healthful). While related to health, this sense often refers to things that *promote* health (like a diet or air). When describing the state of a cell, sense 1 (having good health) is more direct than sense 3 (being healthful/promoting health). However, sense 3's examples include "a healthy diet," which describes something that *is* healthy, aligning with the state of the cells.
4. **sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:reasonable:00** (Judgement). Irrelevant.
5. **sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:considerable:00** (Large amount). Irrelevant.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
Sense 1: "having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease." (The cells *are* healthy.)
Sense 3: "promoting health; healthful." (The cells *are* healthful/good for you.)

In the context of cell biology, describing a cell that is not cancerous as "healthy" means it is in a state of good health, free from disease (Sense 1). While Sense 3 is related, Sense 1 is the most precise description of the *state* of the cells before they become cancerous.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: colon
Target surface form: colon
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy <t>colon</t> cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=colon%1:08:00:: | definition=the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
2. sense_key=colon%1:23:01:: | definition=the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos | synonyms=El Salvadoran colon
3. sense_key=colon%1:23:00:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos | synonyms=Costa Rican colon
4. sense_key=colon%1:15:00:: | definition=a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal | synonyms=Aspinwall
5. sense_key=colon%1:10:00:: | definition=a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "colon" based on the provided context.

Context:
"...Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy <t>colon</t> cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

Target word: colon

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=colon%1:08:00:: | definition=the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted (Anatomical structure)
2. sense_key=colon%1:23:01:: | definition=the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos (Currency)
3. sense_key=colon%1:23:00:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos (Currency)
4. sense_key=colon%1:15:00:: | definition=a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal; synonyms=Aspinwall (Place name)
5. sense_key=colon%1:10:00:: | definition=a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter) (Punctuation)

Analysis of the context:
The sentence reads: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."
The context is highly scientific, discussing genes (p53), cancer, and cell types.
The word "colon" is modifying "cells" (healthy colon cells).

Evaluating the senses:
1. Anatomical structure (part of the large intestine): This fits perfectly with "colon cells" in a medical/biological context.
2. Currency (El Salvador): Irrelevant.
3. Currency (Costa Rica): Irrelevant.
4. Place name (Panama Canal): Irrelevant.
5. Punctuation mark: Irrelevant.

The best fit is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon <t>cells</t> cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "cells" in the provided context.
The context is about cancer research, specifically mentioning a gene (p53) that, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous.

Target word: cells
Context snippet: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon <t>cells</t> cancerous."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb (General compartment)
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals (Biological unit)
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as a result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell (Battery/Electrochemistry)
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre (Political unit)
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone (Phone)
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle (Room)
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell (Room)

Analysis:
The context explicitly links "cells" to "colon" and describes them as "healthy" which become "cancerous" when a gene (p53) is impaired. This is a biological context related to anatomy and disease.

Sense 2: "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms..." This perfectly matches the description of colon cells becoming cancerous.

Other senses are clearly irrelevant:
1. Compartment (too general, not specific to biological units in this context).
3. Battery (electrochemistry).
4. Political unit.
5. Phone.
6. Room (monk).
7. Room (prison).

The best fit is Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancerous
Target surface form: cancerous
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells <t>cancerous</t>. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malignant:02 | definition=relating to or affected with cancer | examples=a cancerous growth
2. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malign:00 | definition=like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads | examples=remorse was cancerous within him; pornography is cancerous to the moral development of our children

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "cancerous" in the given context.

Context: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells <t>cancerous</t>. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

Target word: cancerous

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malignant:02 | definition=relating to or affected with cancer | examples=a cancerous growth
2. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malign:00 | definition=like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads | examples=remorse was cancerous within him; pornography is cancerous to the moral development of our children

Analysis:
The context discusses a gene (p53) that, when impaired, turns "healthy colon cells cancerous." This is a biological/medical context related to the disease cancer.
Sense 1: "relating to or affected with cancer." This perfectly matches the biological meaning of a cell becoming cancerous (affected with cancer).
Sense 2: "like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads." This is a metaphorical or abstract sense (e.g., moral decay, bad habits) and does not fit the context of cell biology.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that <t>report</t>, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "Soon after that <t>report</t>, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."
2.  **Determine the meaning of 'report' in context:** The preceding text discusses scientific findings ("researchers reported finding a gene called p53"). The word 'report' here refers to the communication or announcement of those findings. The subsequent action ("two other research teams uncovered evidence") happened *after* this communication/finding was made public or documented.
3.  **Examine the candidate senses:**
    *   1. `report%1:10:03`: a written document describing the findings... (Study, written report). Plausible, as scientific findings are often documented.
    *   2. `report%1:10:01`: the act of informing by verbal report (Account). Plausible, as it relates to informing others of findings.
    *   3. `report%1:10:00`: a short account of the news (News report, story, account, write up). This sense covers the general idea of communicating findings or events.
    *   4. `report%1:11:00`: a sharp explosive sound. (Irrelevant).
    *   5. `report%1:10:04`: a written evaluation of a student's scholarship. (Irrelevant).
    *   6. `report%1:10:02`: an essay. (Irrelevant).
    *   7. `report%1:09:00`: the general estimation that the public has for a person. (Irrelevant).
4.  **Compare the plausible senses (1, 2, 3):**
    *   The context is highly scientific/academic.
    *   Sense 1 (written document describing findings) is very specific to scientific literature.
    *   Sense 2 (act of informing by verbal report) is about the action of telling.
    *   Sense 3 (a short account of the news/story) is a broader term for the communication of findings.

5.  **Refine the choice:** In scientific writing, "reported finding" often means the results were published or announced (a form of account/story/document). Since the context is about the sequence of scientific discoveries, 'report' functions as the announcement or documentation of the p53 gene discovery. Sense 3, "a short account of the news," captures the idea of the announcement or published finding most generally and appropriately for the flow of the narrative (Event A happened, then Event B happened). While Sense 1 is technically accurate for the *format* (a paper), Sense 3 captures the *function* (the communication of the finding) which is what the temporal marker "Soon after that report" refers to.

6.  **Final Selection:** Sense 3 is the best fit for the general communication of scientific findings in a narrative context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two <t>other</t> research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "other" in the given context.

Context: "Soon after that report, two <t>other</t> research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

Target word: "other"

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Analysis:
The sentence structure is: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence..."
"That report" refers to the finding of the p53 gene.
The word "other" here modifies "research teams."
It implies that these teams are distinct from the teams involved in the initial report (or the teams mentioned previously, if any, but primarily distinct from the group associated with the initial finding).

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00: definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied. This perfectly matches the usage. The teams are different from the ones who made the initial report.
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00: definition=recently past. This is temporal and does not fit modifying "research teams."
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00: definition=belonging to the distant past. This is temporal and does not fit modifying "research teams."
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00: definition=very unusual. While "other" can sometimes mean unusual, in this context ("two other research teams"), it functions as a quantifier/distinguisher, meaning 'additional' or 'different from the ones already known/mentioned', not necessarily 'unusual'.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit. It means 'not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied'.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index. Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: teams
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research <t>teams</t> uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "teams" (plural of "team") in the provided context.

Context: "Soon after that report, two other research <t>teams</t> uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

Target lemma: team
Target surface form: teams

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Analysis:
The context mentions "research teams" and discusses scientific findings (cancer, p53 gene, evidence).
Sense 1 defines a "cooperative unit," often in sports, but also applicable to research groups.
Sense 2 defines a group of draft animals (e.g., horses pulling a plow).

In the sentence, "two other research teams uncovered evidence...", the word "research" modifies "teams." This clearly indicates a group of people working together on scientific research.

Sense 1 ("a cooperative unit") fits perfectly with "research teams."
Sense 2 ("draft animals") is completely irrelevant to the context.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

Constraint Checklist & Confidence Score:
1. Choose single best indexed sense: Yes.
2. Use context, synonyms, examples: Yes (Context points to cooperative/research group).
3. Do not answer with WordNet sense key: Yes.
4. Return only JSON object: Yes.

Confidence Score: 5/5

Final Answer Generation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evidence
Target surface form: evidence
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered <t>evidence</t> that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: | definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: | definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: | definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "evidence" in the provided context.

Context: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered <t>evidence</t> that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: | definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: | definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: | definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

Analysis:
The context describes scientific research ("research teams uncovered evidence") related to finding a specific gene (p53) in cancer tissues (lung and breast cancers). The evidence supports the claim that the damaged p53 gene is present in these cancers.

Let's evaluate the senses:

1. **sense_key=evidence%1:09:00 (Basis for belief/knowledge):** This sense refers to the supporting data or knowledge used to form a conclusion. In scientific research, findings (like the presence of a gene in specific tissues) serve as the basis for the conclusion (that the gene is present). This fits well.
2. **sense_key=evidence%1:10:01 (Indication that makes something evident):** This sense refers to a sign or symptom. While the finding *is* an indication, the context implies the *body of findings* or *data* that confirms the hypothesis. "Uncovered evidence" here suggests gathering proof/data, which aligns strongly with sense 1, but sense 2 is also plausible if we view the gene presence as a single indicator.
3. **sense_key=evidence%1:10:00 (Legal evidence):** This sense is specific to judicial trials. The context is cancer research, not a court case. This sense is incorrect.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
The phrase "uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present..." suggests that the research teams gathered data/findings (the evidence) which then allowed them to conclude the gene's presence.
Sense 1 ("knowledge on which to base belief") captures the idea of scientific findings supporting a hypothesis.
Sense 2 ("an indication that makes something evident") captures the idea of a sign.

In scientific discourse, when researchers "uncover evidence," they are typically referring to the data, results, or findings that serve as the foundation for their scientific claim. Sense 1, "your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief," is the most comprehensive and accurate description of scientific findings used to support a hypothesis.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

Wait, I need to check the provided indices carefully.
Sense 1: evidence%1:09:00
Sense 2: evidence%1:10:01
Sense 3: evidence%1:10:00

The best fit is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the <t>same</t> damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "same" in the given context.

Context: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the <t>same</t> damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

Target word: "same"

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Analysis:
The phrase is "the same damaged p53 gene".
The context refers to a specific gene (p53) that was previously reported/discovered ("that report"). The new finding is that this specific gene (the one previously identified as damaged) is present in new tissues (lung and breast cancers).

1. sense_key=same%3:00:02 (same in identity): This sense means identical or referring to the exact same entity. "The same damaged p53 gene" implies that the gene found in lung and breast cancers is the *identical* gene that was previously identified/reported. This fits perfectly.
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00 (closely similar): This suggests similarity, but the context implies identity (the specific gene).
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04 (equal in amount or value): This relates to quantity or value, which is not the primary meaning here.
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 (unchanged in character or nature): This relates to persistence over time, which is not the meaning here.

Conclusion: Sense 1, "same in identity," is the best fit.

Mapping to the required output format:
The best sense is sense_key=same%3:00:02. I must return the index number.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same <t>damaged</t> p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "damaged" in the given context.

Context: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same <t>damaged</t> p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

Target word: damaged
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Analysis:
The word "damaged" modifies "p53 gene".
The context is about cancer research, specifically mentioning that the p53 gene, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous.
The phrase is "the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

Sense 1: "harmed or injured or spoiled". This relates to physical or functional impairment. A gene that is present in cancer tissue and is associated with cancer (as implied by the preceding text about p53 being impaired and causing cancer) is functionally damaged or mutated/impaired. This fits the biological context.

Sense 2: "being unjustly brought into disrepute". This relates to reputation or social standing. This is completely irrelevant to a gene.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct sense. The gene is functionally damaged/mutated, which is consistent with the definition "harmed or injured or spoiled" in a biological context.

I need to return the JSON object with the index of the chosen sense.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: present
Target surface form: present
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is <t>present</t> in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=present%3:00:01:: | definition=temporal sense; intermediate between past and future; now existing or happening or in consideration | examples=the present leader; articles for present use
2. sense_key=present%3:00:02:: | definition=being or existing in a specified place | examples=the murderer is present in this room; present at the wedding

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is <t>present</t> in tissue from lung and breast cancers."
2.  **Analyze the target word:** "present".
3.  **Analyze the surrounding words/phrases:** "damaged p53 gene", "in tissue from lung and breast cancers".
4.  **Determine the meaning in context:** The gene is located within or found within the tissue samples of these cancers. This relates to location or existence within a specific sample/place (the tissue).
5.  **Evaluate Candidate Sense 1:**
    *   `sense_key=present%3:00:01`
    *   `definition=temporal sense; intermediate between past and future; now existing or happening or in consideration`
    *   *Relevance:* This is about time (now, currently). The context is about physical location/presence in tissue, not time. (Low relevance).
6.  **Evaluate Candidate Sense 2:**
    *   `sense_key=present%3:00:02`
    *   `definition=being or existing in a specified place`
    *   *Relevance:* The gene is "in tissue from lung and breast cancers." The tissue is the specified place/location. This matches the definition perfectly. (High relevance).
7.  **Select the best sense:** Sense 2.
8.  **Format the output:** JSON object with the sense index.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tissue
Target surface form: tissue
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in <t>tissue</t> from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tissue%1:08:00:: | definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. sense_key=tissue%1:27:02:: | definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "tissue" in the provided context.

Context: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in <t>tissue</t> from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."

Target word: tissue

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tissue%1:08:00:: | definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. sense_key=tissue%1:27:02:: | definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper

Analysis:
The context discusses cancer, p53 genes, lung cancers, and breast cancers. The phrase is "present in <t>tissue</t> from lung and breast cancers."
When discussing genes and cancer, the biological material being studied is almost certainly biological tissue (the physical material from the affected organs).

Sense 1: "part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function." This perfectly matches biological tissue derived from cancerous organs.
Sense 2: "a soft thin (usually translucent) paper." This refers to paper products and is completely irrelevant to the context of cancer research and genetics.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the <t>most</t> common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. sense_key=most%4:02:01:: | definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. sense_key=most%4:02:02:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "most" in the given context.

Context: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the <t>most</t> common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."

Target word: most

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. sense_key=most%4:02:01:: | definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. sense_key=most%4:02:02:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Analysis:
The phrase is "the most common and lethal forms".
"Common" and "lethal" are adjectives describing the forms of the disease.
"Most" here modifies these adjectives to indicate the highest degree of commonness and lethality among the forms of the disease.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. sense_key=most%4:02:00: Definition is "used to form the superlative". Synonyms include "to the highest degree". This perfectly matches the usage in "the most common and lethal forms" (superlative degree).
2. sense_key=most%4:02:01: Definition is "very". This is an intensifier, but in this specific construction ("the most common"), it functions as a superlative marker, not just a general intensifier like "very".
3. sense_key=most%4:02:02: Definition is "all but" or "almost". This sense is clearly incorrect as it implies exclusion or near-completion, which is not the case here.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit. It functions as the superlative marker ("to the highest degree").


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: common
Target surface form: common
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most <t>common</t> and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=common%3:00:02:: | definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good; common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community
2. sense_key=common%3:00:01:: | definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man; a common sailor
3. sense_key=common%5:00:00:shared:00 | definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | synonyms=mutual | examples=a common friend; the mutual interests of management and labor
4. sense_key=common%5:00:00:familiar:02 | definition=commonly encountered | synonyms=usual | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting
5. sense_key=common%5:00:00:informal:02 | definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | synonyms=vernacular, vulgar | examples=common parlance; a vernacular term
6. sense_key=common%5:00:00:lowborn:00 | definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | synonyms=plebeian, vulgar, unwashed | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly; behavior that branded him as common
7. sense_key=common%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | synonyms=coarse | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded; produced...the common cloths used by the poorer population
8. sense_key=common%5:00:00:unrefined:01 | definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | synonyms=coarse, rough-cut, uncouth, vulgar | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind; behavior that branded him as common
9. sense_key=common%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "common" in the given context.

Context: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most <t>common</t> and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."

Target word: common
Collocates: most, lethal forms of the disease

The word "common" here describes the types of cancers (colon, lung, breast). It is paired with "lethal" and refers to how frequently or widely these forms occur among the population.

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. **common%3:00:02:: | definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public** (Relates to community ownership/participation). Not relevant to frequency of disease.
2. **common%3:00:01:: | definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual** (Relates to being ordinary or frequently encountered). This fits the idea of high prevalence.
3. **common%5:00:00:shared:00 | definition=common to or shared by two or more parties** (Relates to sharing). Not relevant.
4. **common%5:00:00:familiar:02 | definition=commonly encountered** (Relates to frequency/encounter). This is a strong candidate.
5. **common%5:00:00:informal:02 | definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language** (Relates to language style). Not relevant.
6. **common%5:00:00:lowborn:00 | definition=of or associated with the great masses of people** (Relates to social class). Not relevant.
7. **common%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=of low or inferior quality or value** (Relates to quality). Not relevant.
8. **common%5:00:00:unrefined:01 | definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste** (Relates to quality/manners). Not relevant.
9. **common%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=to be expected; standard** (Relates to expectation/standard). This is also a strong candidate, overlapping with sense 2 and 4.

Comparing the strong candidates (2, 4, 9):

*   Sense 2: "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual." This captures the meaning of high prevalence/frequency.
*   Sense 4: "commonly encountered." This is a subset of Sense 2.
*   Sense 9: "to be expected; standard." This focuses more on expectation, whereas the context emphasizes prevalence ("most common and lethal forms").

In the context of disease types, "most common" means "most frequently occurring" or "most prevalent." Sense 2, with its definition including "widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual," best captures this meaning of high frequency/prevalence without implying lack of quality (which might be confused with sense 7 or 8).

Sense 2 is the most comprehensive fit for describing the prevalence of the cancers.

Final choice: sense_key=common%3:00:01.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: form
Target surface form: forms
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal <t>forms</t> of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=form%1:10:00:: | definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
2. sense_key=form%1:09:01:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
3. sense_key=form%1:09:00:: | definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
4. sense_key=form%1:07:01:: | definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
5. sense_key=form%1:08:00:: | definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
6. sense_key=form%1:03:00:: | definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
7. sense_key=form%1:07:00:: | definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features
8. sense_key=form%1:10:01:: | definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
9. sense_key=form%1:14:02:: | definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
10. sense_key=form%1:10:02:: | definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
11. sense_key=form%1:07:03:: | definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
12. sense_key=form%1:26:00:: | definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
13. sense_key=form%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
14. sense_key=form%1:07:02:: | definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
15. sense_key=form%1:06:00:: | definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
16. sense_key=form%1:06:01:: | definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "forms" (lemma: "form") in the given context.

Context: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal <t>forms</t> of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."

The word "forms" is used here to categorize or classify different types of cancer (colon, lung, breast) under the general category of "the disease."

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. `form%1:10:00`: phonological/orthographic sound/appearance. (Irrelevant)
2. `form%1:09:01`: a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality. Synonyms: kind, sort, variety. (Highly relevant. Cancers are different kinds/sorts of the disease.)
3. `form%1:09:00`: a perceptual structure (shape, pattern). (Irrelevant)
4. `form%1:07:01`: spatial attributes (shape, configuration). (Irrelevant)
5. `form%1:08:00`: alternative names for the human body. (Irrelevant)
6. `form%1:03:00`: spatial arrangement. (Irrelevant)
7. `form%1:07:00`: visual appearance. (Irrelevant)
8. `form%1:10:01`: printed document. (Irrelevant)
9. `form%1:14:02`: (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways. (Possible, but sense 2 is broader and fits better for classifying major types of cancer.)
10. `form%1:10:02`: arrangement of elements in a composition. (Irrelevant)
11. `form%1:07:03`: a particular mode in which something is manifested. (Relates to manifestation, but sense 2, 'kind/sort', is a more direct fit for classifying types.)
12. `form%1:26:00`: state of matter. (Irrelevant)
13. `form%1:14:00`: body of students. (Irrelevant)
14. `form%1:07:02`: ability to perform well. (Irrelevant)
15. `form%1:06:00`: life-size dummy. (Irrelevant)
16. `form%1:06:01`: mold for setting concrete. (Irrelevant)

The context clearly uses "forms" to mean different types or varieties of the disease.

Sense 2: `form%1:09:01` - "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality" (synonyms: kind, sort, variety). This perfectly matches the usage: colon, lung, and breast cancers are different *kinds* or *sorts* of cancer (the disease).

Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: kill
Target surface form: killing
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively <t>killing</t> almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=kill%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly | examples=This man killed several people when he tried to rob a bank; The farmer killed a pig for the holidays
2. sense_key=kill%2:41:01:: | definition=thwart the passage of | synonyms=shoot down, defeat, vote down, vote out | examples=kill a motion; he shot down the student's proposal
3. sense_key=kill%2:30:08:: | definition=end or extinguish by forceful means | synonyms=stamp out | examples=Stamp out poverty!
4. sense_key=kill%2:42:00:: | definition=be fatal | examples=cigarettes kill; drunken driving kills
5. sense_key=kill%2:39:00:: | definition=be the source of great pain for | examples=These new shoes are killing me!
6. sense_key=kill%2:37:00:: | definition=overwhelm with hilarity, pleasure, or admiration | examples=The comedian was so funny, he was killing me!
7. sense_key=kill%2:35:06:: | definition=hit with so much force as to make a return impossible, in racket games | examples=She killed the ball
8. sense_key=kill%2:35:05:: | definition=hit with great force | examples=He killed the ball
9. sense_key=kill%2:35:02:: | definition=deprive of life | examples=AIDS has killed thousands in Africa
10. sense_key=kill%2:35:01:: | definition=cause the death of, without intention | examples=She was killed in the collision of three cars
11. sense_key=kill%2:34:00:: | definition=drink down entirely | synonyms=toss off, pop, bolt down, belt down, pour down, down | examples=He downed three martinis before dinner; She killed a bottle of brandy that night
12. sense_key=kill%2:30:00:: | definition=mark for deletion, rub off, or erase | synonyms=obliterate, wipe out | examples=kill these lines in the President's speech
13. sense_key=kill%2:30:04:: | definition=tire out completely | examples=The daily stress of her work is killing her
14. sense_key=kill%2:30:03:: | definition=cause to cease operating | examples=kill the engine
15. sense_key=kill%2:30:02:: | definition=destroy a vitally essential quality of or in | examples=Eating artichokes kills the taste of all other foods

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the context:** The sentence is: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively <t>killing</t> almost 200,000 Americans a year."
2.  **Identify the target word and its form:** Target lemma is 'kill', target surface form is 'killing'.
3.  **Determine the semantic role:** The cancers (a disease/condition) are performing the action of 'killing' Americans. This refers to the effect of the disease on human life.
4.  **Examine the candidate senses:**
    *   1. cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly (Active, intentional killing). *Cancers are not intentionally killing.*
    *   2. thwart the passage of (Defeat/stop). *Irrelevant.*
    *   3. end or extinguish by forceful means (Stamp out). *Irrelevant.*
    *   4. be fatal (Adjectival/Predicative sense, describing something that causes death). *This fits the idea that the cancers are causing death.*
    *   5. be the source of great pain for. *Possible, but 'killing' here refers to death, not just pain.*
    *   6. overwhelm with hilarity, pleasure, or admiration. *Irrelevant.*
    *   7. hit with so much force as to make a return impossible (Racket games). *Irrelevant.*
    *   8. hit with great force. *Irrelevant.*
    *   9. deprive of life (Active, often used for agents like AIDS). *This is a strong candidate, as the cancers are depriving people of life.*
    *   10. cause the death of, without intention (Passive/Resultative). *The context is active ('cancers are killing'), not passive ('were killed').*
    *   11. drink down entirely. *Irrelevant.*
    *   12. mark for deletion, rub off, or erase. *Irrelevant.*
    *   13. tire out completely. *Irrelevant.*
    *   14. cause to cease operating. *Irrelevant.*
    *   15. destroy a vitally essential quality of or in. *Irrelevant.*
5.  **Compare the best candidates (4 and 9):**
    *   Sense 4: "be fatal" (e.g., "cigarettes kill"). This sense often functions as a predicate adjective or a general statement of lethality.
    *   Sense 9: "deprive of life" (e.g., "AIDS has killed thousands"). This is a direct action verb meaning to cause death.
6.  **Select the best fit:** The structure is "cancers... collectively killing Americans." This is an active verb phrase describing the action of causing death. Sense 9 ("deprive of life") is the most precise match for the active, non-intentional causation of death by a disease. Sense 4 ("be fatal") is slightly more abstract or predicative, while Sense 9 captures the dynamic action described by the present participle 'killing'.

7.  **Final check:** "Cancers are killing Americans" = "Cancers are depriving Americans of life." This is accurate. Sense 9 is the best fit.