[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: call
Target surface form: calling
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, <t>calling</t> the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful
3. sense_key=call%2:32:01:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=telephone, call up, phone, ring | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
4. sense_key=call%2:32:09:: | definition=utter a sudden loud cry | synonyms=shout, shout out, cry, yell, scream, holler | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle; I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me
5. sense_key=call%2:32:05:: | definition=order, request, or command to come | synonyms=send for | examples=She was called into the director's office; Call the police!
6. sense_key=call%2:41:00:: | definition=pay a brief visit | synonyms=visit, call in | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. sense_key=call%2:41:04:: | definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'; The new dean calls meetings every week
8. sense_key=call%2:32:13:: | definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. sense_key=call%2:32:04:: | definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!; A transmitter in Samoa was heard calling
10. sense_key=call%2:32:03:: | definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. sense_key=call%2:42:09:: | definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. sense_key=call%2:41:14:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=address | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
13. sense_key=call%2:41:12:: | definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. sense_key=call%2:40:09:: | definition=demand payment of (a loan) | synonyms=call in | examples=Call a loan
15. sense_key=call%2:40:05:: | definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | synonyms=bid | examples=He called his trump
16. sense_key=call%2:38:00:: | definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance | synonyms=call off
17. sense_key=call%2:32:06:: | definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. sense_key=call%2:32:10:: | definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | synonyms=predict, foretell, prognosticate, forebode, anticipate, promise | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. sense_key=call%2:32:12:: | definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. sense_key=call%2:32:07:: | definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. sense_key=call%2:32:08:: | definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. sense_key=call%2:32:11:: | definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. sense_key=call%2:32:15:: | definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. sense_key=call%2:32:14:: | definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty; They called him to active military duty
25. sense_key=call%2:31:13:: | definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name; The auctioneer called the bids
26. sense_key=call%2:31:00:: | definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. sense_key=call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. sense_key=call%2:29:05:: | definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "calling" (a present participle of "call") based on the provided context and a list of candidate WordNet senses for "call".

Context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, <t>calling</t> the faithful to evensong."

The word "calling" here describes the action of the bells. Bells make a sound. This sound is directed towards "the faithful" (the congregation) with the purpose of inviting them to "evensong" (a service).

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. `call%2:32:02`: assign a specified proper name to (Naming). -> Incorrect.
2. `call%2:32:00`: ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun (Labeling). -> Incorrect.
3. `call%2:32:01`: get or try to get into communication (by telephone). -> Incorrect (not about phones).
4. `call%2:32:09`: utter a sudden loud cry (Shouting). -> Possible, but usually implies a sharp, sudden cry, not the sustained sound of bells inviting people.
5. `call%2:32:05`: order, request, or command to come (Summoning). -> This fits the *function* of the bells (summoning the faithful), but the sense definition is about the *act* of ordering/requesting, not the *sound* itself.
6. `call%2:41:00`: pay a brief visit. -> Incorrect.
7. `call%2:41:04`: call a meeting; invite or command to meet. -> Similar to sense 5, focuses on the command/invitation aspect.
8. `call%2:32:13`: read aloud to check for omissions or absentees (Roll call). -> Incorrect.
9. `call%2:32:04`: send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message. -> This relates to signaling, which bells do.
10. `call%2:32:03`: utter a characteristic note or cry. -> This is highly relevant. Bells produce characteristic notes/sounds.
11. `call%2:42:09`: stop or postpone because of adverse conditions. -> Incorrect.
12. `call%2:41:14`: greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name. -> Incorrect.
13. `call%2:41:12`: make a stop in a harbour. -> Incorrect.
14. `call%2:40:09`: demand payment of (a loan). -> Incorrect.
15. `call%2:40:05`: make a demand (in card games). -> Incorrect.
16. `call%2:38:00`: give the calls (to the dancers). -> Incorrect.
17. `call%2:32:06`: indicate a decision (in sports). -> Incorrect.
18. `call%2:32:10`: make a prediction about. -> Incorrect.
19. `call%2:32:12`: require the presentation of for redemption. -> Incorrect.
20. `call%2:32:07`: challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement. -> Incorrect.
21. `call%2:32:08`: declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee. -> Incorrect.
22. `call%2:32:11`: lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal. -> Incorrect (bells are not imitating animals).
23. `call%2:32:15`: order or request or give a command for. -> This is a strong functional fit (commanding attendance).
24. `call%2:32:14`: order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity. -> This is also a strong functional fit (summoning the faithful).
25. `call%2:31:13`: utter in a loud voice or announce. -> This describes the *action* of the sound, which is what the bells are doing.
26. `call%2:31:00`: challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of. -> Incorrect.
27. `call%2:31:05`: consider or regard as being. -> Incorrect.
28. `call%2:29:05`: rouse somebody from sleep with a call. -> Possible, but "calling the faithful to evensong" is a specific invitation, not just waking them up.

Comparing the best candidates:
*   Sense 10 (`utter a characteristic note or cry`): Focuses on the *sound* produced by the bells.
*   Sense 25 (`utter in a loud voice or announce`): Focuses on the *act* of announcing/calling out.
*   Sense 23/24 (`order, summon, or request`): Focuses on the *purpose* of the sound (invitation/summons).

In the context "the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong," the primary function described is the act of summoning or announcing the time/event.

Sense 24: "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role." This perfectly captures the idea of the bells summoning the faithful to the duty of attending evensong.
Sense 23: "order or request or give a command for." This is slightly broader but also fits.
Sense 25: "utter in a loud voice or announce." This describes the mechanism (the sound) but misses the directed purpose (the summons).

Since the phrase is "calling the faithful to evensong," the sense that emphasizes the *summoning* or *inviting* aspect (Sense 24 or 23) is the most precise fit for the semantic role of "calling" here. Sense 24 is more specific about summoning for a duty/activity.

Let's choose Sense 24: order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role.

Final check: Bells are summoning the faithful (duty/activity) to evensong. This matches Sense 24.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: faithful
Target surface form: faithful
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the <t>faithful</t> to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=faithful%1:14:01:: | definition=any loyal and steadfast following
2. sense_key=faithful%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=congregation, fold

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
"sense_index": 2
}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{
"sense_index": 2
}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "faithful" in the given context.

Context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the <t>faithful</t> to evensong."

Target word: faithful

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=faithful%1:14:01:: | definition=any loyal and steadfast following
2. sense_key=faithful%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=congregation, fold

Analysis:
The context describes a church and the sound of bells calling people to "evensong" (a religious service). The word "faithful" refers to the people being called.

Sense 1: "any loyal and steadfast following." This is a general definition of loyalty, which could apply, but it is broad.
Sense 2: "a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church." This definition is highly specific to the religious setting (church, evensong) and aligns perfectly with the concept of parishioners attending services. The synonym "congregation" strongly supports this interpretation.

Conclusion: Sense 2 is the most precise and contextually appropriate meaning.

The instructions require returning a JSON object with the sense index. Since the candidates are numbered 1 and 2, I must choose the index corresponding to Sense 2.

Wait, the provided instructions state: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}". This implies there might be a misunderstanding of how the indexing works, or perhaps the provided candidates are just examples and I should map my choice to a hypothetical index.

Let's re-examine the prompt structure. The candidates are listed as 1 and 2. If I choose Sense 2, the index is 2.

If the required output format is strictly `{"sense_index": 3}`, and my chosen sense is Sense 2, I cannot fulfill the format requirement without making an arbitrary change.

Assuming the instruction "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}" is a template error and I should use the actual index of the chosen sense (Sense 2).

Let's assume the user intended for me to use the index of the chosen sense (2).

If I must strictly adhere to the output format `{"sense_index": 3}`, I must assume that Sense 2 maps to index 3 in the hidden system, which is impossible to know.

Given the ambiguity, I will proceed by selecting the correct sense (Sense 2) and using its corresponding index (2), unless the prompt implies a fixed mapping I am unaware of. Since the prompt asks me to choose the single best indexed sense, and Sense 2 is the best, I will use index 2.

*Self-Correction/Re-reading:* The prompt provides two candidates, labeled 1 and 2. I choose 2. I must return a JSON object.

If I strictly follow the example output `{"sense_index": 3}`, I am forced to output 3, even if my choice is 2. This is a common issue in poorly constructed prompts. I will prioritize semantic correctness (Sense 2) and assume the example output index (3) was a placeholder error, and I should use the correct index (2).

However, if I must match the *exact* format provided in the example, I must output 3. Let's assume the system expects me to output 3 regardless of the input data, which is highly unlikely for a WSD task.

Let's assume the provided example `{"sense_index": 3}` is a template and I should replace the number 3 with my chosen index, which is 2.

Chosen sense index: 2.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evensong
Target surface form: evensong
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to <t>evensong</t>. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evensong%1:28:00:: | definition=the sixth of the seven canonical hours of the divine office; early evening; now often made a public service on Sundays | synonyms=vespers
2. sense_key=evensong%1:10:00:: | definition=(Anglican Church) a daily evening service with prayers prescribed in the Book of Common Prayer | synonyms=Evening Prayer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 2
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "evensong" based on the provided context and two candidate senses.

Context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have."

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=evensong%1:28:00:: | definition=the sixth of the seven canonical hours of the divine office; early evening; now often made a public service on Sundays | synonyms=vespers
2. sense_key=evensong%1:10:00:: | definition=(Anglican Church) a daily evening service with prayers prescribed in the Book of Common Prayer | synonyms=Evening Prayer

Analysis:
The context describes a scene in an ancient stone church, where the sound of bells is "calling the faithful to evensong." This strongly suggests a religious service or ritual.

Sense 1: Defines evensong as "the sixth of the seven canonical hours of the divine office; early evening; now often made a public service on Sundays." Synonyms include "vespers." This is a general definition related to the time and the service.

Sense 2: Defines evensong as "(Anglican Church) a daily evening service with prayers prescribed in the Book of Common Prayer." Synonyms include "Evening Prayer." This is a specific definition tied to the Anglican tradition, which aligns perfectly with the setting (English church, ancient stone church, calling the faithful).

Comparison:
Both senses are highly relevant. Sense 1 is broader (canonical hours, vespers). Sense 2 is more specific (Anglican Church service, Book of Common Prayer, Evening Prayer).

The context mentions "ancient stone church" and "parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels" in England, which strongly points to the Anglican tradition. The phrase "calling the faithful to evensong" refers to attending a specific, prescribed service.

Sense 2, defining it as a specific daily evening service within the Anglican Church structure, is a more precise and contextually fitting description of what the faithful are being called to attend in this specific English church setting. While Sense 1 is technically correct, Sense 2 captures the nature of the event (a prescribed service) more accurately in the context of a modern church gathering.

I will choose Sense 2.

Mapping to the required output format:
The instruction asks for a JSON object like `{"sense_index": 3}`. Since I am choosing Sense 2, the index should be 2 (assuming 1-based indexing for the candidates).

Wait, the instructions say: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}". This implies I must use the index provided in the prompt's example, but since I am choosing Sense 2, I must use 2. I will assume the example index (3) was arbitrary and I should use the correct index (2).

Sense 1 -> Index 1
Sense 2 -> Index 2


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stop
Target surface form: stop
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels <t>stop</t> to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stop%2:38:00:: | definition=come to a halt, stop moving | synonyms=halt | examples=the car stopped; She stopped in front of a store window
2. sense_key=stop%2:42:00:: | definition=put an end to a state or an activity | synonyms=discontinue, cease, give up, quit, lay off | examples=Quit teasing your little brother
3. sense_key=stop%2:41:00:: | definition=stop from happening or developing | synonyms=halt, block, kibosh | examples=Block his election; Halt the process
4. sense_key=stop%2:38:02:: | definition=interrupt a trip | synonyms=stop over | examples=we stopped at Aunt Mary's house; they stopped for three days in Florence
5. sense_key=stop%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to stop | examples=stop a car; stop the thief
6. sense_key=stop%2:30:05:: | definition=prevent completion | synonyms=break, break off, discontinue | examples=stop the project; break off the negotiations
7. sense_key=stop%2:33:00:: | definition=hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of | synonyms=check, turn back, arrest, contain, hold back | examples=Arrest the downward trend; Check the growth of communism in South East Asia
8. sense_key=stop%2:35:00:: | definition=seize on its way | synonyms=intercept | examples=The fighter plane was ordered to intercept an aircraft that had entered the country's airspace
9. sense_key=stop%2:42:13:: | definition=have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical | synonyms=end, finish, terminate, cease | examples=the bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed; Your rights stop where you infringe upon the rights of other
10. sense_key=stop%2:35:12:: | definition=render unsuitable for passage | synonyms=barricade, block, blockade, block off, block up, bar | examples=block the way; barricade the streets
11. sense_key=stop%2:30:12:: | definition=stop and wait, as if awaiting further instructions or developments | synonyms=hold on | examples=Hold on a moment!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "stop" in the given context.

Context: "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels <t>stop</t> to chat at the church door, as members here always have."

Target word: stop

Analysis of the context:
The parishioners are gathered near the church door. The action described is "stop to chat". This implies they paused their movement or activity (perhaps walking or coming from elsewhere) specifically to engage in conversation.

Analysis of candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stop%2:38:00:: | definition=come to a halt, stop moving | synonyms=halt | examples=the car stopped; She stopped in front of a store window. (Fits the idea of pausing movement.)
2. sense_key=stop%2:42:00:: | definition=put an end to a state or an activity | synonyms=discontinue, cease, give up, quit, lay off | (Doesn't fit; they are pausing, not ending their existence or activity permanently.)
3. sense_key=stop%2:41:00:: | definition=stop from happening or developing | synonyms=halt, block, kibosh | (Doesn't fit; they are not preventing something.)
4. sense_key=stop%2:38:02:: | definition=interrupt a trip | synonyms=stop over | examples=we stopped at Aunt Mary's house; they stopped for three days in Florence. (This is a specific type of pausing/halting, often related to travel, but the general concept of pausing fits.)
5. sense_key=stop%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to stop | examples=stop a car; stop the thief. (This is causative, not describing the action of the parishioners.)
6. sense_key=stop%2:30:05:: | definition=prevent completion | synonyms=break, break off, discontinue | (Doesn't fit.)
7. sense_key=stop%2:33:00:: | definition=hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of | synonyms=check, turn back, arrest, contain, hold back | (Doesn't fit.)
8. sense_key=stop%2:35:00:: | definition=seize on its way | synonyms=intercept | (Doesn't fit.)
9. sense_key=stop%2:42:13:: | definition=have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical | synonyms=end, finish, terminate, cease | (Doesn't fit.)
10. sense_key=stop%2:35:12:: | definition=render unsuitable for passage | synonyms=barricade, block, blockade, block off, block up, bar | (Doesn't fit.)
11. sense_key=stop%2:30:12:: | definition=stop and wait, as if awaiting further instructions or developments | synonyms=hold on | examples=Hold on a moment! (This implies waiting, which is part of pausing to chat, but sense 1 is broader and more direct.)

Comparing the best candidates:
Sense 1 (come to a halt, stop moving): "The parishioners... stop to chat." They cease moving/walking to engage in conversation. This is a perfect fit.
Sense 4 (interrupt a trip): While they are pausing, the context doesn't necessarily imply they were on a long journey, just that they were near the church. Sense 1 is more general and accurate for a momentary pause.
Sense 11 (stop and wait): They are pausing to chat, which involves waiting, but Sense 1 captures the physical act of ceasing motion, which is the primary meaning here.

Sense 1 is the most accurate description of the action "stop to chat" in this physical setting.

Final selection: sense_key=stop%2:38:00.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the <t>church</t> door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "church" based on the provided context and candidate senses.

Context: "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the <t>church</t> door, as members here always have."

Target word: "church"

Candidate Senses:
1. `church%1:14:00`: one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship (Synonyms: Christian church) -> Refers to a denomination/group.
2. `church%1:06:00`: a place for public (especially Christian) worship (Synonyms: church building) -> Refers to the physical structure.
3. `church%1:04:00`: a service conducted in a house of worship (Synonyms: church service) -> Refers to the event/activity.
4. `church%1:14:01`: the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church (Examples: our church is hosting a picnic next week) -> Refers to the congregation/community.

Analysis of the context:
"The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the <t>church</t> door..."

1. "Parishioners" are members of a local church community (related to sense 4).
2. They are stopping at the "door" of the church.
3. The presence of a "door" strongly suggests a physical structure (sense 2).

Comparing the candidates:
* Sense 1 (Group/Denomination): Unlikely, as they are standing at a door.
* Sense 2 (Place/Building): Highly likely, as they are at the "door."
* Sense 3 (Service/Event): Unlikely, as they are standing at a door, not attending a service.
* Sense 4 (Congregation/People): Unlikely, as the word refers to the location where they are standing, not the group itself (the group is the parishioners).

The context clearly points to the physical building where the parishioners gather.

Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: door
Target surface form: door
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church <t>door</t>, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=door%1:06:00:: | definition=a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle | examples=he knocked on the door; he slammed the door as he left
2. sense_key=door%1:06:01:: | definition=the entrance (the space in a wall) through which you enter or leave a room or building; the space that a door can close | synonyms=doorway, room access, threshold | examples=he stuck his head in the doorway
3. sense_key=door%1:07:00:: | definition=anything providing a means of access (or escape) | examples=we closed the door to Haitian immigrants; education is the door to success
4. sense_key=door%1:06:04:: | definition=a structure where people live or work (usually ordered along a street or road) | examples=the office next door; they live two doors up the street from us
5. sense_key=door%1:06:03:: | definition=a room that is entered via a door | examples=his office is the third door down the hall on the left

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "door" in the given context.

Context: "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church <t>door</t>, as members here always have."

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=door%1:06:00:: | definition=a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle | examples=he knocked on the door; he slammed the door as he left
2. sense_key=door%1:06:01:: | definition=the entrance (the space in a wall) through which you enter or leave a room or building; the space that a door can close | synonyms=doorway, room access, threshold | examples=he stuck his head in the doorway
3. sense_key=door%1:07:00:: | definition=anything providing a means of access (or escape) | examples=we closed the door to Haitian immigrants; education is the door to success
4. sense_key=door%1:06:04:: | definition=a structure where people live or work (usually ordered along a street or road) | examples=the office next door; they live two doors up the street from us
5. sense_key=door%1:06:03:: | definition=a room that is entered via a door | examples=his office is the third door down the hall on the left

Analysis:
The phrase is "at the church door". The church is a building. The word "door" here refers to the physical entrance point of the church where people gather ("stop to chat").

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. Sense 1 (barrier): This is a physical door (the object). This is plausible, but often when people gather "at the door," they are referring to the entrance area/threshold.
2. Sense 2 (entrance/space): This refers to the opening or threshold. This fits well with the idea of gathering "at" the entrance of a building.
3. Sense 3 (means of access/metaphorical): This is clearly metaphorical ("education is the door to success") and does not fit the physical context of a church entrance.
4. Sense 4 (structure/house): This refers to adjacent buildings ("next door"). This is incorrect.
5. Sense 5 (room): This refers to a specific room ("his office is the third door"). This is incorrect.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 1 focuses on the physical object (the barrier).
Sense 2 focuses on the entrance/space (the opening/threshold).

In common usage, when people say they are "at the door" of a building, they are usually referring to the entrance area (Sense 2), which encompasses both the physical door and the threshold/vestibule. However, Sense 1 (a swinging or sliding barrier) is also a very strong candidate for the physical object.

Let's re-examine the definition of Sense 1: "a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle".
Let's re-examine the definition of Sense 2: "the entrance (the space in a wall) through which you enter or leave a room or building; the space that a door can close".

If the context implies the physical object they are leaning against or standing near, Sense 1 is accurate. If it implies the location/point of entry, Sense 2 is accurate.

Given the phrase "stop to chat at the church door," it is highly likely they are gathered near the entrance point. Both senses are related to the physical entrance. However, Sense 2, defining it as "the entrance (the space in a wall)... the space that a door can close," often captures the functional location better than Sense 1, which focuses purely on the barrier mechanism.

In many linguistic contexts, when referring to the location of entry, the sense of the 'entrance' (Sense 2) is preferred over the sense of the 'barrier' (Sense 1).

Let's check the examples:
Sense 1: "he knocked on the door; he slammed the door as he left" (Focus on the action/object).
Sense 2: "he stuck his head in the doorway" (Focus on the space/opening).

Since the action is "stop to chat at," the location (the entrance/doorway) is the key element. Sense 2 is the best fit for the location of gathering.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: member
Target surface form: members
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as <t>members</t> here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=member%1:18:00:: | definition=one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | synonyms=fellow member | examples=only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty
2. sense_key=member%1:24:00:: | definition=anything that belongs to a set or class | examples=snakes are members of the class Reptilia; members of the opposite sex
3. sense_key=member%1:08:00:: | definition=an external body part that projects from the body | synonyms=extremity, appendage | examples=it is important to keep the extremities warm
4. sense_key=member%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations) | examples=the library was a member of the interlibrary loan association; Canada is a member of the United Nations
5. sense_key=member%1:08:01:: | definition=the male organ of copulation (`member' is a euphemism) | synonyms=penis, phallus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "members" (plural of "member") based on the provided context.

Context: "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as <t>members</t> here always have."

Target word: members
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=member%1:18:00:: | definition=one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | synonyms=fellow member | examples=only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty
2. sense_key=member%1:24:00:: | definition=anything that belongs to a set or class | examples=snakes are members of the class Reptilia; members of the opposite sex
3. sense_key=member%1:08:00:: | definition=an external body part that projects from the body | synonyms=extremity, appendage | examples=it is important to keep the extremities warm
4. sense_key=member%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations) | examples=the library was a member of the interlibrary loan association; Canada is a member of the United Nations
5. sense_key=member%1:08:01:: | definition=the male organ of copulation (`member' is a euphemism) | synonyms=penis, phallus

Analysis:
1. **Contextual clues:** The sentence mentions "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels." Parishioners are members of a church community/congregation. The word "members" follows this reference.
2. **Sense 1:** "one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)." This perfectly matches the idea of parishioners being members of a church group.
3. **Sense 2:** "anything that belongs to a set or class." While parishioners belong to a class, the context implies active participation in a social group, making Sense 1 more specific and appropriate.
4. **Sense 3:** "an external body part." Incorrect.
5. **Sense 4:** "an organization that is a member of another organization." Incorrect (members are people, not organizations).
6. **Sense 5:** "the male organ of copulation." Incorrect.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: here
Target surface form: here
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members <t>here</t> always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "here" in the given context.

Context: "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members <t>here</t> always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614."

Target word: "here" (in the phrase "as members here always have").

Let's analyze the context surrounding the target word:
"The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have."

The sentence describes the parishioners stopping to chat at the church door. The phrase "as members here always have" refers to the members (parishioners) being in this specific location (the church/church door) habitually.

Now let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
   * This sense means "in or at this place." This fits the idea of members being habitually present at the church door/church.

2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
   * This sense refers to a situation or point, not a physical location. This does not fit.

3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
   * This sense is directional (movement towards). The context describes a state of being ("always have"), not movement. This does not fit.

4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon
   * This sense refers to time. The context refers to a physical location (the church). This does not fit.

Comparing Sense 1 and the context:
Sense 1: "in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is"
Context: "as members here always have."
The members are habitually present *at this place* (the church). This is a perfect match for Sense 1.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: always
Target surface form: always
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here <t>always</t> have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=always%4:02:00:: | definition=at all times; all the time and on every occasion | synonyms=ever, e'er | examples=I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time
2. sense_key=always%4:02:04:: | definition=without variation or change, in every case | synonyms=constantly, invariably | examples=constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time
3. sense_key=always%4:02:03:: | definition=without interruption | synonyms=constantly, forever, perpetually, incessantly | examples=the world is constantly changing
4. sense_key=always%4:02:02:: | definition=at any time or in any event | examples=you can always resign if you don't like it; you could always take a day off
5. sense_key=always%4:02:01:: | definition=forever; throughout all time | examples=we will always be friends; I shall treasure it always

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "always" in the given context.

Context: "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here <t>always</t> have."

Target word: always

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=always%4:02:00:: | definition=at all times; all the time and on every occasion | synonyms=ever, e'er | examples=I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time
2. sense_key=always%4:02:04:: | definition=without variation or change, in every case | synonyms=constantly, invariably | examples=constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time
3. sense_key=always%4:02:03:: | definition=without interruption | synonyms=constantly, forever, perpetually, incessantly | examples=the world is constantly changing
4. sense_key=always%4:02:02:: | definition=at any time or in any event | examples=you can always resign if you don't like it; you could always take a day off
5. sense_key=always%4:02:01:: | definition=forever; throughout all time | examples=we will always be friends; I shall treasure it always

Analysis of the context:
"The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have."
The phrase "always have" refers to a habitual action or state of being (stopping to chat at the church door). It implies that this action happens regularly, consistently, or habitually in the past and continues to be true.

Evaluation of senses:
1. **sense_key=always%4:02:00**: "at all times; all the time and on every occasion." This fits the idea of a regular, repeated action (habitual).
2. **sense_key=always%4:02:04**: "without variation or change, in every case." This emphasizes consistency or inevitability. While related, the context describes a routine behavior, not necessarily an absolute, unchanging law.
3. **sense_key=always%4:02:03**: "without interruption." This usually applies to processes or states (e.g., constant noise, perpetual motion). While chatting might be continuous, the focus here is on the frequency of the action (stopping to chat), not the lack of breaks during the chat.
4. **sense_key=always%4:02:02**: "at any time or in any event." This suggests possibility or contingency (e.g., you can always take a day off). This does not fit the habitual past action described.
5. **sense_key=always%4:02:01**: "forever; throughout all time." This is too strong for a habitual social custom; it implies eternal existence.

Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 1 ("at all times; all the time and on every occasion") strongly captures the meaning of a repeated, habitual action ("they always stop to chat").
Sense 2 ("without variation or change, in every case") emphasizes the unchanging nature of the behavior.

In the structure "members here always have [stopped to chat]", the meaning is that this is a consistent, routine occurrence. Sense 1, focusing on frequency and occurrence ("on every occasion"), is the most precise fit for describing a habitual action in this narrative context.

Therefore, sense_key=always%4:02:00 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tower
Target surface form: tower
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the <t>tower</t>, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "tower" in the given context.

Context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the <t>tower</t>, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614."

Target word: "tower" (in the phrase "In the tower")

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Analysis:
1. **Contextual clues:** The text describes an "ancient stone church," "bells cascading from its tower," and "five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells." This clearly indicates a part of a church building where bells are housed and rung.
2. **Evaluating senses:**
    * Sense 1: "a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building." This perfectly matches the description of a church tower (a structure attached to a larger building, used for bells).
    * Sense 2: "anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower." This is too general and doesn't capture the specific architectural/functional meaning here.
    * Sense 3: "a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships." This is irrelevant to the context of a church and bells.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the best fit.

The required output format is a JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: man
Target surface form: men
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five <t>men</t> and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=man%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman) | synonyms=adult male | examples=there were two women and six men on the bus
2. sense_key=man%1:18:03:: | definition=someone who serves in the armed forces; a member of a military force | synonyms=serviceman, military man, military personnel | examples=two men stood sentry duty
3. sense_key=man%1:18:04:: | definition=the generic use of the word to refer to any human being | examples=it was every man for himself
4. sense_key=man%1:05:01:: | definition=any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage | synonyms=homo, human being, human
5. sense_key=man%1:18:08:: | definition=a male subordinate | examples=the chief stationed two men outside the building; he awaited word from his man in Havana
6. sense_key=man%1:18:06:: | definition=an adult male person who has a manly character (virile and courageous competent) | examples=the army will make a man of you
7. sense_key=man%1:18:05:: | definition=a manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer | synonyms=valet, valet de chambre, gentleman, gentleman's gentleman | examples=Jeeves was Bertie Wooster's man
8. sense_key=man%1:18:07:: | definition=a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman | examples=she takes good care of her man
9. sense_key=man%1:15:00:: | definition=one of the British Isles in the Irish Sea | synonyms=Isle of Man
10. sense_key=man%1:06:00:: | definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | synonyms=piece | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board; he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage
11. sense_key=man%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=world, human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "men" (plural of "man") based on the provided context.

Context: "In the tower, five <t>men</t> and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614."

Target word: men (referring to people).

Candidate senses analysis:
1. sense_key=man%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman) | synonyms=adult male | Context fit: High. The context refers to people (in the tower) who are pulling ropes, and they are explicitly contrasted with "women."
2. sense_key=man%1:18:03:: | definition=someone who serves in the armed forces; a member of a military force | synonyms=serviceman, military man, military personnel | Context fit: Low. There is no mention of military service.
3. sense_key=man%1:18:04:: | definition=the generic use of the word to refer to any human being | synonyms=N/A | Context fit: Low. The context specifies "men and women," indicating a distinction based on gender, not a generic reference to humanity.
4. sense_key=man%1:05:01:: | definition=any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage | synonyms=homo, human being, human | Context fit: Low. Too broad; the context is about specific individuals.
5. sense_key=man%1:18:08:: | definition=a male subordinate | synonyms=N/A | Context fit: Low. No hierarchical relationship is implied.
6. sense_key=man%1:18:06:: | definition=an adult male person who has a manly character (virile and courageous competent) | synonyms=N/A | Context fit: Low. The context describes their activity (pulling ropes), not their character.
7. sense_key=man%1:18:05:: | definition=a manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer | synonyms=valet, valet de chambre, gentleman's gentleman | Context fit: Low. They are bell ringers, not servants.
8. sense_key=man%1:18:07:: | definition=a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman | synonyms=N/A | Context fit: Low. No romantic or relational context is present.
9. sense_key=man%1:15:00:: | definition=one of the British Isles in the Irish Sea | synonyms=Isle of Man | Context fit: None.
10. sense_key=man%1:06:00:: | definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | synonyms=piece | Context fit: None.
11. sense_key=man%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=world, human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans | Context fit: Low. Similar to sense 3 and 4, too broad.

The context clearly refers to specific adult males participating in an activity, contrasted with women. Sense 1, "an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)," is the most accurate fit.

The target word is "men," which is the plural of "man." Sense 1 is defined for "man" (singular), but it represents the correct semantic category (adult male).

Therefore, sense_key=man%1:18:00 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and <t>women</t> pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "women" (plural of "woman") based on the provided context.

Context: "In the tower, five men and <t>women</t> pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614."

Target word: women

Candidate Senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Analysis:
The context describes people participating in an activity (change-ringing/pulling ropes on bells) in a church tower. The group consists of "five men and women." These women are performing the action alongside the men.

1. Sense 1: "an adult female person (as opposed to a man)". This is a general definition of an individual adult female. This fits the context where they are individuals participating in the activity.
2. Sense 2: "a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man". This implies a specific relationship, which is not suggested by the context of ringing bells.
3. Sense 3: "a human female employed to do housework". This is clearly incorrect, as they are in a church tower ringing bells, not doing domestic labor.
4. Sense 4: "women as a class". This refers to the concept of womanhood generally, not specific individuals participating in the activity.

Comparing Sense 1 and the context: The women are individuals who are part of the group performing the task. Sense 1, "an adult female person (as opposed to a man)," is the most accurate and general description of the individuals mentioned.

Let's re-examine the options. Sense 1 is the most appropriate general sense for individuals performing an action.

I must choose the single best indexed sense. Sense 1 fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pull
Target surface form: pull
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women <t>pull</t> rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pull%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to move by pulling | synonyms=draw, force | examples=draw a wagon; pull a sled
2. sense_key=pull%2:35:02:: | definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | synonyms=attract, pull in, draw, draw in | examples=Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers
3. sense_key=pull%2:38:01:: | definition=move into a certain direction | examples=the car pulls to the right
4. sense_key=pull%2:35:04:: | definition=apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion | examples=Pull the rope; Pull the handle towards you
5. sense_key=pull%2:41:00:: | definition=perform an act, usually with a negative connotation | synonyms=perpetrate, commit | examples=perpetrate a crime; pull a bank robbery
6. sense_key=pull%2:38:03:: | definition=bring, take, or pull out of a container or from under a cover | synonyms=draw, pull out, get out, take out | examples=draw a weapon; pull out a gun
7. sense_key=pull%2:38:00:: | definition=steer into a certain direction | examples=pull one's horse to a stand; Pull the car over
8. sense_key=pull%2:29:00:: | definition=strain abnormally | synonyms=overstretch | examples=I pulled a muscle in my leg when I jumped up; The athlete pulled a tendon in the competition
9. sense_key=pull%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move in a certain direction by exerting a force upon, either physically or in an abstract sense | synonyms=draw | examples=A declining dollar pulled down the export figures for the last quarter
10. sense_key=pull%2:38:02:: | definition=operate when rowing a boat | examples=pull the oars
11. sense_key=pull%2:38:04:: | definition=rein in to keep from winning a race | examples=pull a horse
12. sense_key=pull%2:35:01:: | definition=tear or be torn violently | synonyms=rend, rip, rive | examples=The curtain ripped from top to bottom; pull the cooked chicken into strips
13. sense_key=pull%2:35:03:: | definition=hit in the direction that the player is facing when carrying through the swing | examples=pull the ball
14. sense_key=pull%2:35:05:: | definition=strip of feathers | synonyms=pluck, tear, deplume, deplumate, displume | examples=pull a chicken; pluck the capon
15. sense_key=pull%2:35:10:: | definition=remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense | synonyms=extract, pull out, pull up, take out, draw out | examples=pull weeds; extract a bad tooth
16. sense_key=pull%2:33:13:: | definition=take sides with; align oneself with; show strong sympathy for | synonyms=root for | examples=We all rooted for the home team; I'm pulling for the underdog
17. sense_key=pull%2:30:11:: | definition=take away | examples=pull the old soup cans from the supermarket shelf

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "pull" in the given context.

Context: "In the tower, five men and women <t>pull</t> rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614."

Target word: pull

Analysis of the context:
The action involves men and women in a tower, acting on ropes attached to bells, and doing so "rhythmically." This describes the physical action of operating a mechanism (the bells) using ropes.

Analysis of candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pull%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to move by pulling | synonyms=draw, force | examples=draw a wagon; pull a sled (General pulling force)
2. sense_key=pull%2:35:02:: | definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | synonyms=attract, pull in, draw, draw in (Attraction)
3. sense_key=pull%2:38:01:: | definition=move into a certain direction | examples=the car pulls to the right (Movement/Direction)
4. sense_key=pull%2:35:04:: | definition=apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion | examples=Pull the rope; Pull the handle towards you (Applying force to move something towards the actor/source)
5. sense_key=pull%2:41:00:: | definition=perform an act, usually with a negative connotation | synonyms=perpetrate, commit (Committing an act)
6. sense_key=pull%2:38:03:: | definition=bring, take, or pull out of a container or from under a cover | synonyms=draw, pull out, get out, take out (Extraction)
7. sense_key=pull%2:38:00:: | definition=steer into a certain direction | examples=pull one's horse to a stand; Pull the car over (Steering)
8. sense_key=pull%2:29:00:: | definition=strain abnormally | synonyms=overstretch | examples=I pulled a muscle in my leg when I jumped up; The athlete pulled a tendon in the competition (Injury)
9. sense_key=pull%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move in a certain direction by exerting a force upon, either physically or in an abstract sense | synonyms=draw | examples=A declining dollar pulled down the export figures for the last quarter (Causing movement/change)
10. sense_key=pull%2:38:02:: | definition=operate when rowing a boat | examples=pull the oars (Specific action related to rowing/operating)
11. sense_key=pull%2:38:04:: | definition=rein in to keep from winning a race | examples=pull a horse (Controlling speed/direction)
12. sense_key=pull%2:35:01:: | definition=tear or be torn violently | synonyms=rend, rip, rive | examples=The curtain ripped from top to bottom; pull the cooked chicken into strips (Tearing)
13. sense_key=pull%2:35:03:: | definition=hit in the direction that the player is facing when carrying through the swing | examples=pull the ball (Sports action)
14. sense_key=pull%2:35:05:: | definition=strip of feathers | synonyms=pluck, tear, deplume, deplumate, displume (Feathers)
15. sense_key=pull%2:35:10:: | definition=remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense | synonyms=extract, pull out, pull up, take out, draw out (Extraction/Removal)
16. sense_key=pull%2:33:13:: | definition=take sides with; align oneself with; show strong sympathy for | synonyms=root for | examples=We all rooted for the home team; I'm pulling for the underdog (Support)
17. sense_key=pull%2:30:11:: | definition=take away | examples=pull the old soup cans from the supermarket shelf (Removal)

Matching the context ("pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells"):
The action is applying force to ropes to make the bells move.

Sense 4: "apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion" (Examples: Pull the rope; Pull the handle towards you). This fits the physical action of pulling a rope.
Sense 1: "cause to move by pulling" (General). This is also very relevant.
Sense 10: "operate when rowing a boat" (Examples: pull the oars). This is a specific type of pulling action used for operation, which is highly relevant to operating bells/mechanisms.

Comparing 4, 1, and 10:
The context is about operating a mechanism (bells) using ropes.
Sense 4 is general force application.
Sense 1 is general causation by pulling.
Sense 10 is specific to operating a boat with oars, but it captures the essence of using pulling motion to operate something.

Since the action is specifically about operating the bells, Sense 4 ("apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion") is a very precise description of what happens when you pull a rope to make a bell ring (the force is applied to the rope, causing the bell/mechanism to move).

Let's re-examine Sense 4: "apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion." When pulling a rope, the motion of the rope segment is towards the person pulling it (the source of the motion/force application). This is a perfect fit for the physical action described.

Sense 1 is too broad. Sense 10 is too specific (rowing). Sense 4 describes the mechanism of the action perfectly in this context.

I choose Sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rope
Target surface form: ropes
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on <t>ropes</t> attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rope%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong line
2. sense_key=rope%1:06:01:: | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, roofy, roach, forget me drug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "ropes" in the given context.
The target lemma is "rope".
The target surface form is "ropes".

Context:
"In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on <t>ropes</t> attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rope%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong line
2. sense_key=rope%1:06:01:: | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, roofy, roach, forget me drug

Analysis:
The context describes people pulling on "ropes" that are "attached to the same five bells" in a church tower, as part of "change-ringing."
This usage clearly refers to physical lines or cords used to operate the bells.

Sense 1: "a strong line". This matches the physical description of ropes used to pull bells.
Sense 2: "street names for flunitrazepan" (a drug). This is completely irrelevant to the context of a church tower and bells.

Conclusion: Sense 1 is the correct sense.

The instructions require returning only a JSON object with the sense index.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the <t>same</t> five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{
  "sense_index": 1
}
```

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "same" in the given context.

Context: "In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the <t>same</t> five bells that first sounded here in 1614."

Target word: "same"

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Analysis:
The phrase is "the same five bells".
This means the bells being pulled are the exact same five bells that sounded in 1614.

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. **same in identity**: This fits perfectly. The bells are identical in their physical existence (they are *the* five bells).
2. **closely similar or comparable**: This suggests similarity (e.g., five bells that sound similar), but the context implies they are the specific, original five bells.
3. **equal in amount or value**: This relates to quantity or value, which is less precise than identity here. While they are five bells, the emphasis is on *which* five bells (the original ones).
4. **unchanged in character or nature**: This refers to stasis or continuity (e.g., the village stayed the same), which doesn't apply to the bells themselves in this construction.

Conclusion: Sense 1, "same in identity," is the most accurate interpretation of "the same five bells."

I need to return the JSON object with the correct sense index.
Sense 1 corresponds to index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five <t>bells</t> that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "bells" (plural of "bell") based on the provided context.

Context analysis:
The passage describes a scene in an ancient stone church in England.
Key phrases:
1. "the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong." (Suggests sound/function)
2. "In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five <t>bells</t> that first sounded here in 1614." (Suggests physical objects being rung/played)
3. "enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening." (Refers to the sound/performance of bells)

The target word is "bells" in the phrase "the same five bells".

Candidate senses analysis:
1. `bell%1:06:00`: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck." (Physical object, fits the description of bells in a church tower.)
2. `bell%1:06:02`: "a push button at an outer door..." (Doorbell. Incorrect context.)
3. `bell%1:11:00`: "the sound of a bell being struck." (Abstract concept/sound. While the context mentions sound, the specific phrase "five bells" refers to the physical objects being pulled.)
4. `bell%1:28:00`: "(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units..." (Nautical time. Incorrect context.)
5. `bell%1:25:00`: "the shape of a bell." (Shape. Incorrect context.)
6. `bell%1:18:02`: "a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell..." (Person. Incorrect context.)
7. `bell%1:18:01`: "English painter..." (Person. Incorrect context.)
8. `bell%1:18:00`: "United States inventor... of the telephone..." (Person. Incorrect context.)
9. `bell%1:06:04`: "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer..." (Instrument. While church bells are instruments, this definition usually refers to smaller, tuned sets like glockenspiel or tubular bells. Sense 1 is a more general and accurate description of the large church bells.)
10. `bell%1:06:03`: "the flared opening of a tubular device." (Part of a bell. Incorrect context.)

Comparison between Sense 1 and Sense 9:
Sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck." (General definition of a bell.)
Sense 9: "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer..." (Specific type of instrument.)

The context describes large church bells being rung by people pulling ropes ("five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells"). These are traditional, large, struck bells, which fit the general definition of Sense 1 perfectly. While they function as instruments (Sense 9), Sense 1 is the most fundamental and accurate description of the physical object being referenced ("five bells").

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: first
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that <t>first</t> sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%4:02:00:: | definition=before anything else | synonyms=firstly, foremost, first of all, first off | examples=first we must consider the garter snake
2. sense_key=first%4:02:02:: | definition=the initial time | synonyms=for the first time | examples=when Felix first saw a garter snake
3. sense_key=first%4:02:03:: | definition=before another in time, space, or importance | examples=I was here first; let's do this job first
4. sense_key=first%4:02:01:: | definition=prominently forward | synonyms=foremost | examples=he put his best foot foremost

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "first" in the given context.

Context: "In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that <t>first</t> sounded here in 1614."

Target word: "first"

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%4:02:00:: | definition=before anything else | synonyms=firstly, foremost, first of all, first off | examples=first we must consider the garter snake (Focuses on sequence/order of actions/points)
2. sense_key=first%4:02:02:: | definition=the initial time | synonyms=for the first time | examples=when Felix first saw a garter snake (Focuses on the event happening for the first time)
3. sense_key=first%4:02:03:: | definition=before another in time, space, or importance | examples=I was here first; let's do this job first (Focuses on precedence/earliest occurrence)
4. sense_key=first%4:02:01:: | definition=prominently forward | synonyms=foremost | examples=he put his best foot foremost (Focuses on physical position/prominence)

Analysis of the context:
"...the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614."
The word "first" modifies "sounded." It indicates when these bells began sounding in this location. The phrase "in 1614" provides a specific historical starting point.

Comparing with senses:
1. (before anything else/firstly): This is too general, usually used for listing or prioritizing actions.
2. (the initial time/for the first time): This fits well. It refers to the initial occurrence of the sound event.
3. (before another in time, space, or importance): This also fits well, specifically the "in time" aspect. It means they were the first bells to sound here.
4. (prominently forward): Irrelevant.

Distinguishing between Sense 2 and Sense 3:
Sense 2: "the initial time" (e.g., *when Felix first saw a garter snake* - focusing on the experience of the event).
Sense 3: "before another in time, space, or importance" (e.g., *I was here first* - focusing on precedence relative to others).

In the context, "first sounded here in 1614" means that 1614 was the initial time these bells began sounding in Aslacton. Both senses capture this, but Sense 3, with its focus on precedence ("before another in time"), is a very strong fit for establishing the starting point of an event relative to its history. Sense 2 is also plausible, but Sense 3 captures the temporal precedence more precisely, which is the core meaning here (they were the first bells to sound *at this location*).

Let's re-examine the examples:
Sense 2 example: *when Felix first saw a garter snake* (Focus on the novelty of the experience).
Sense 3 example: *I was here first* (Focus on temporal precedence/claim).

Since the context is establishing the historical beginning of the bells' use in that location ("first sounded here in 1614"), Sense 3 ("before another in time") is the most accurate description of the function of "first" here—it establishes temporal precedence.

Therefore, Sense 3 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sound
Target surface form: sounded
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first <t>sounded</t> here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sound%2:39:06:: | definition=appear in a certain way | examples=This sounds interesting
2. sense_key=sound%2:39:00:: | definition=make a certain noise or sound | synonyms=go | examples=She went `Mmmmm'; The gun went `bang'
3. sense_key=sound%2:39:03:: | definition=give off a certain sound or sounds | examples=This record sounds scratchy
4. sense_key=sound%2:39:02:: | definition=announce by means of a sound | examples=sound the alarm
5. sense_key=sound%2:32:00:: | definition=utter with vibrating vocal chords | synonyms=voice, vocalize, vocalise
6. sense_key=sound%2:39:01:: | definition=cause to sound | examples=sound the bell; sound a certain note
7. sense_key=sound%2:30:00:: | definition=measure the depth of (a body of water) with a sounding line | synonyms=fathom

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "sounded" (past tense of "sound") based on the provided context.

Context:
"...In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first <t>sounded</t> here in 1614."

Target word: sounded (past tense of sound)

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sound%2:39:06:: | definition=appear in a certain way | examples=This sounds interesting (Relates to perception/quality)
2. sense_key=sound%2:39:00:: | definition=make a certain noise or sound | synonyms=go | examples=She went `Mmmmm'; The gun went `bang' (Relates to producing noise)
3. sense_key=sound%2:39:03:: | definition=give off a certain sound or sounds | examples=This record sounds scratchy (Relates to emitting noise/quality)
4. sense_key=sound%2:39:02:: | definition=announce by means of a sound | examples=sound the alarm (Relates to signaling)
5. sense_key=sound%2:32:00:: | definition=utter with vibrating vocal chords | synonyms=voice, vocalize, vocalise (Relates to human speech/vocalization)
6. sense_key=sound%2:39:01:: | definition=cause to sound | examples=sound the bell; sound a certain note (Relates to causing a sound)
7. sense_key=sound%2:30:00:: | definition=measure the depth of (a body of water) with a sounding line | synonyms=fathom (Relates to measurement)

Analysis of the context:
The sentence describes bells in a church tower. The bells "sounded" here in 1614.
The action is related to the bells existing and producing sound historically.

Evaluating the senses:
1. (appear in a certain way): Incorrect. The bells didn't "appear" in a certain way; they made a noise.
2. (make a certain noise or sound): Plausible. The bells made a noise.
3. (give off a certain sound or sounds): Plausible. The bells emitted sound.
4. (announce by means of a sound): Possible, but too specific. While bells announce, the core meaning here is the physical act of the bells producing sound.
5. (utter with vibrating vocal chords): Incorrect. Bells are not vocal chords.
6. (cause to sound): This sense is usually transitive (e.g., *I sounded the bell*). Here, the bells themselves are the subject, so the intransitive meaning is needed.
7. (measure depth): Incorrect.

Comparing 2 and 3:
Sense 2: "make a certain noise or sound." (Intransitive, focusing on the production of noise).
Sense 3: "give off a certain sound or sounds." (Intransitive, focusing on emission).

In the context of bells, both 2 and 3 are very close. However, when referring to an object (like a bell) that produces noise, "make a sound" (Sense 2) is often the most direct and common usage, especially when describing the historical existence of the noise-making object. "Give off a sound" (Sense 3) is also correct, but Sense 2 captures the fundamental action of the bell producing the noise.

Let's re-examine the relationship between the bells and the action. The bells *were* the source of the sound.

If I use Sense 2: "The bells that first made a certain noise or sound here in 1614." (Fits perfectly).
If I use Sense 3: "The bells that first gave off a certain sound or sounds here in 1614." (Also fits perfectly).

In many linguistic resources, the distinction between "make a sound" and "give off a sound" is subtle, but "make a sound" (Sense 2) is the primary definition for objects producing noise.

I will choose Sense 2 as the best fit for the intransitive action of a bell producing noise.