[User]
Which numbered sense of "book" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together) | examples=I am reading a good book on economics
2. definition=physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together | synonyms=volume | examples=he used a large book as a doorstop
3. definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | synonyms=record, record book | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'; his name is in all the record books
4. definition=a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance | synonyms=script, playscript
5. definition=a record in which commercial accounts are recorded | synonyms=ledger, leger, account book, book of account | examples=they got a subpoena to examine our books
6. definition=a collection of playing cards satisfying the rules of a card game
7. definition=a collection of rules or prescribed standards on the basis of which decisions are made | synonyms=rule book | examples=they run things by the book around here
8. definition=the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | synonyms=Koran, Quran, al-Qur'an
9. definition=the sacred writings of the Christian religions | synonyms=Bible, Christian Bible, Good Book, Holy Scripture, Holy Writ, Scripture | examples=he went to carry the Word to the heathen
10. definition=a major division of a long written composition | examples=the book of Isaiah
11. definition=a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together on one edge | examples=he bought a book of stamps

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "book" (marked with `<t>book</t>`) is used in the provided context.

2.  **Examine the Context:**
    "As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

3.  **Analyze the Usage of "book":**
    The phrase is: "remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.)"
    Here, "book" refers to a published work, specifically a scholarly summary/analysis of immigration knowledge.

4.  **Evaluate the Senses:**

    *   **1. definition=a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together) | examples=I am reading a good book on economics** (Matches the context: a published work/summary.)
    *   **2. definition=physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together | synonyms=volume | examples=he used a large book as a doorstop** (Too physical/literal; the context refers to the content/publication.)
    *   **3. definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | synonyms=record, record book | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'; his name is in all the record books** (Possible, but Sense 1 is more precise for a scholarly publication.)
    *   **4. definition=a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance | synonyms=script, playscript** (Incorrect.)
    *   **5. definition=a record in which commercial accounts are recorded | synonyms=ledger, leger, account book, book of account | examples=they got a subpoena to examine our books** (Incorrect.)
    *   **6. definition=a collection of playing cards satisfying the rules of a card game** (Incorrect.)
    *   **7. definition=a collection of rules or prescribed standards on the basis of which decisions are made | synonyms=rule book | examples=they run things by the book around here** (Incorrect.)
    *   **8. definition=the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | synonyms=Koran, Quran, al-Qur'an** (Incorrect.)
    *   **9. definition=the sacred writings of the Christian religions | synonyms=Bible, Christian Bible, Good Book, Holy Scripture, Holy Writ, Scripture | examples=he went to carry the Word to the heathen** (Incorrect.)
    *   **10. definition=a major division of a long written composition | examples=the book of Isaiah** (Incorrect.)
    *   **11. definition=a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together on one edge | examples=he bought a book of stamps** (Incorrect.)

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct definition, as the context refers to a published, written work (a book).


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "immigration" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t> (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) | synonyms=in-migration
2. definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to know which numbered sense of "immigration" (1 or 2) is used in the provided context.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt..." (Focus on people coming into France).
    *   "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society." (Focus on the impact of these people).
    *   "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly."
    *   "As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t> (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."
    *   "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

3.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) | synonyms=in-migration
    *   Sense 2: definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony

4.  **Match Context to Senses:**
    *   The context discusses the *fear of invasion* and the *impact* (burden/problem vs. positive impact on growth/wages) of people coming into France.
    *   Sense 1 focuses on the *act* or *process* of migration (migration into a place, settling there).
    *   Sense 2 focuses on the *group* or *flow* of immigrants (the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval).

5.  **Determine the Best Fit:**
    *   The text uses "immigrants" (plural, referring to the people) and discusses "migration flows" and the "positive impact of migration flows."
    *   While the text discusses the *impact* (which relates to the *body* of immigrants), the core concept being debated is the movement/settlement of people into the country.
    *   However, the specific reference is to the *knowledge* about migration flows and their economic impact.
    *   Let's re-examine the phrasing: "positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants." This emphasizes the *flow* and the *result* of that flow.

    *   If we look at the structure of the provided senses:
        *   Sense 1: migration *into* a place (the process/act).
        *   Sense 2: the *body* of immigrants (the group/mass).

    *   The text is discussing the *phenomenon* of migration and its consequences. The reference to "migration flows" and the discussion of the economic impact of admitting immigrants strongly aligns with the concept of the *group* or *body* of people involved in the flow (Sense 2), although Sense 1 (the act of moving) is foundational.

    *   Let's consider the examples: Sense 2 uses "the increased immigration strengthened the colony." The context discusses the "positive impact of migration flows." This fits the idea of a collective group/flow.

6.  **Conclusion:** The context is discussing the collective group of people (immigrants/migration flows) and their overall effect. Sense 2 defines "the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval."

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "people" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional <t>People</t>: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "people" (<t>People</t>) is used in the provided context. The answer should be only the number.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional <t>People</t>: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

3.  **Determine the Meaning of "People" in Context:**
    The context discusses:
    *   Immigration (immigrants).
    *   Economic impact (burden, growth, wages, employment).
    *   Migration flows.
    *   Consensus among specialists regarding the positive impact of migration.

    The usage is abstract, referring to groups of individuals (immigrants, citizens, the general population) in a socio-economic or political sense.

4.  **Evaluate the Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience. (Focuses on a collective group of humans.)
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people. (Focuses on the population/citizenship of a nation.)
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive? (Focuses on lineage/ancestry.)
    *   **Sense 4:** definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people. (Focuses on the general populace/common people.)

5.  **Match Context to Senses:**

    *   The text discusses "immigrants," "migration flows," and the economic impact of admitting them. This relates strongly to the population/citizenship of a country (Sense 2) or the general group of human beings (Sense 1).
    *   The discussion is about *migration* and *economic growth*, not necessarily the "common people" (Sense 4) in a class-based sense, nor is it about family lineage (Sense 3).
    *   The reference is to a book about how migration shaped the world, implying a broad, collective group of humans or citizens.

    *   *Revisiting Sense 1:* "any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively." This is broad and fits the discussion of immigrants and migration flows.
    *   *Revisiting Sense 2:* "the body of citizens of a state or country." This is also highly relevant, as the context is about French society and immigration policy.

    *   *Refining the choice:* The context is about the *impact* of migration flows on *countries* (French economy, growth, employment). While Sense 1 is technically correct (people are human beings), Sense 2 specifically addresses the political/societal unit (citizens/body of a state) which is central to the discussion of immigration policy and national territory.

    *   Let's check the examples:
        *   Sense 1 example: "there were at least 200 people in the audience." (General count)
        *   Sense 2 example: "the Spanish people." (National body of citizens)

    *   The context is about immigration *into* a country and the resulting societal/economic changes. This aligns best with the concept of the population/citizens of a state.

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 2 is the most precise fit for "people" when discussing national immigration, society, and economic policy.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "migration" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How <t>Migration</t> Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
2. definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
3. definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
4. definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of "migration" (marked with `<t>Migration</t>`) is used in the provided context.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt..." (Focus on people moving into a territory).
    *   "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society." (Focus on immigrants/people moving).
    *   "In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." (Focus on the issue of immigration).
    *   "...there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants." (Focus on migration flows/immigrants).
    *   "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment." (Focus on the policy/movement of people).

3.  **Analyze the Target Word/Phrase:** The context uses "migration" and "immigration" repeatedly, referring to the movement of people (immigrants, migration flows).

4.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another. (Matches the context: movement of immigrants/people).
    *   Sense 2: definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period). (Less relevant; the context focuses on flows and individuals, not necessarily groups migrating together).
    *   Sense 3: definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule. (Irrelevant).
    *   Sense 4: definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding. (Irrelevant).

5.  **Conclusion:** The context is entirely about the movement of people (immigrants, migration flows). Sense 1 is the correct definition.

6.  **Final Output Generation:** Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "future" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our <t>Future</t>, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=the time yet to come | synonyms=hereafter, futurity, time to come
2. definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future | synonyms=future tense
3. definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "future" (marked with `<t></t>`) is used in the provided context.

2.  **Examine the Context:**
    "As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our <t>Future</t>, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

3.  **Analyze the Target Word/Phrase:** The target is `<t>Future</t>`. It appears in the phrase: "How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".

4.  **Evaluate the Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** definition=the time yet to come | synonyms=hereafter, futurity, time to come
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future | synonyms=future tense
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

5.  **Match the Context to the Senses:**

    *   The context uses "Future" in the title of a book: "How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   The phrase "Will Define Our Future" refers to the period of time that is yet to come, the time that is yet to be shaped by migration.

    *   *Check Sense 1:* "the time yet to come". This matches the meaning of "Future" as a period of time.
    *   *Check Sense 2:* "a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future". "Future" itself is a noun (or adjective), not a tense. (Incorrect)
    *   *Check Sense 3:* "bulk commodities... for delivery at a specified future date". This refers to goods/products, not time. (Incorrect)

6.  **Conclusion:** The context uses the sense of "future" meaning "the time yet to come." This corresponds to Sense 1.

7.  **Final Output Generation:** Return only the number 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "specialist" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among <t>specialists</t> on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning | synonyms=specializer, specialiser
2. definition=practices one branch of medicine | synonyms=medical specialist

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "specialist" (marked with `<t></t>`) is used in the provided context and return only the number.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    "In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among <t>specialists</t> on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

3.  **Analyze the Target Word Usage:** The word is "specialists".
    The phrase is: "there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment..."

4.  **Analyze the Senses Provided:**
    *   Sense 1: definition=an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning | synonyms=specializer, specialiser
    *   Sense 2: definition=practices one branch of medicine | synonyms=medical specialist

5.  **Match Usage to Senses:**
    *   The context discusses economists (Goldin and Cameron) and "wide consensus among specialists" regarding economic growth, wages, and employment.
    *   The term "specialists" here refers to experts in economics or related fields.

    *   *Check Sense 1:* "an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning." This fits the context of economists/experts in migration/economics.
    *   *Check Sense 2:* "practices one branch of medicine." This does not fit the context (the context is about economics/migration, not medicine).

6.  **Conclusion:** The context uses the sense of "specialist" meaning an expert in a field of study/occupation. This corresponds to Sense 1.

7.  **Final Output Generation:** Return the number 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "impact" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive <t>impact</t> of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=the striking of one body against another
2. definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | synonyms=wallop | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking; the book packs a wallop
3. definition=influencing strongly | synonyms=impingement, encroachment | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture
4. definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | synonyms=shock | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "impact" (<t>impact</t>) is used in the provided context. The answer should be only the number.

2.  **Examine the Context:**
    "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive <t>impact</t> of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

3.  **Locate the Target Word and its Usage:** The word is "<t>impact</t>".
    The phrase is: "the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment..."

4.  **Determine the Meaning of "impact" in Context:** The context discusses the effect or consequence that migration flows have on economic growth, wages, and employment. The phrase "positive impact" means a positive effect or consequence.

5.  **Evaluate the Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** definition=the striking of one body against another. (Physical collision) -> *Does not fit the context.*
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | synonyms=wallop | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking; the book packs a wallop -> *This means a strong effect or consequence. This fits the context ("positive impact").*
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=influencing strongly | synonyms=impingement, encroachment | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture -> *This means exerting influence or pressure. While related, the context is about the resulting effect (positive/negative), not the act of influencing itself.*
    *   **Sense 4:** definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | synonyms=shock | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle -> *Does not fit the context.*

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 2 (a forceful consequence; a strong effect) is the correct meaning used in the sentence.

7.  **Final Output Generation:** Return only the number 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "migration" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of <t>migration</t> flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
2. definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
3. definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
4. definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "migration" (marked with `<t>migration</t>`) is used in the provided context. I must return only the number.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." (Focus: Immigrants, movement, burden/problem).
    *   "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of <t>migration</t> flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment." (Focus: <t>migration</t> flows, economic growth, wages, employment).

3.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   1. definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another (Relates to people moving).
    *   2. definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period) (Relates to groups moving).
    *   3. definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule (Irrelevant - chemistry).
    *   4. definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding (Irrelevant - animals/birds/fishes).

4.  **Match Context to Senses:**
    *   The context discusses "immigrants," "flows," "economic growth," and "employment." This clearly refers to the movement of people.
    *   Sense 1: "the movement of persons from one country or locality to another." (Strong match).
    *   Sense 2: "a group of people migrating together." (Less specific than the general movement/flow discussed in the economic context).
    *   Sense 3 & 4: Irrelevant.

5.  **Conclusion:** The core meaning of "migration" in this context is the movement of people (persons/immigrants). This corresponds to Sense 1.

6.  **Final Output Generation:** Return only the number 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "flow" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration <t>flows</t> on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases) | synonyms=flowing
2. definition=the amount of fluid that flows in a given time | synonyms=flow rate, rate of flow
3. definition=the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression | synonyms=stream
4. definition=any uninterrupted stream or discharge
5. definition=something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously | synonyms=stream | examples=a stream of people emptied from the terminal; the museum had planned carefully for the flow of visitors
6. definition=dominant course (suggestive of running water) of successive events or ideas | synonyms=stream, current | examples=two streams of development run through American history; stream of consciousness
7. definition=the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause; ; --Hippocrates; --Aristotle | synonyms=menstruation, menses, menstruum, catamenia, period | examples=the women were sickly and subject to excessive menstruation; a woman does not take the gout unless her menses be stopped

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "flow" (marked with `<t>flows</t>`) is used in the provided context and return only the number.

2.  **Locate the Target Word and Context:**
    The target word is `<t>flows</t>`.
    The relevant sentence is: "As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration <t>flows</t> on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

3.  **Analyze the Usage of "flows":**
    The phrase is "the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth..."
    Here, "flows" is used as a noun, referring to the movement or movement of people/migration itself, and its resulting impact.

4.  **Evaluate the Senses:**

    *   **1. definition=the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases) | synonyms=flowing:** (Focuses on physical motion of fluids.)
    *   **2. definition=the amount of fluid that flows in a given time | synonyms=flow rate, rate of flow:** (Focuses on quantity/rate.)
    *   **3. definition=the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression | synonyms=stream:** (Focuses on the action/progression.)
    *   **4. definition=any uninterrupted stream or discharge:** (Focuses on an uninterrupted stream/discharge.)
    *   **5. definition=something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously | synonyms=stream | examples=a stream of people emptied from the terminal; the museum had planned carefully for the flow of visitors:** (Focuses on the continuous movement/stream, often used metaphorically for people/events.)
    *   **6. definition=dominant course (suggestive of running water) of successive events or ideas | synonyms=stream, current | examples=two streams of development run through American history; stream of consciousness:** (Focuses on the dominant course/trend.)
    *   **7. definition=the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus...:** (Irrelevant.)

5.  **Match Usage to Senses:**
    The context discusses the impact of *migration* (people moving) on economics.
    *   Sense 1 (physical fluid motion) is too literal.
    *   Sense 2 (rate/amount) is possible but less descriptive of the movement itself.
    *   Sense 3 (act of flowing) is possible.
    *   Sense 4 (uninterrupted stream/discharge) is possible.
    *   Sense 5 (something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously; examples: "a stream of people") fits perfectly, especially when discussing migration (a stream of people).
    *   Sense 6 (dominant course/current) is possible but Sense 5 is a better fit for describing the physical/social movement of people.

6.  **Conclusion:** The usage "impact of migration flows" strongly aligns with the definition of a continuous movement or stream, particularly when applied to people. Sense 5 is the best fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "employment" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and <t>employment</t> in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=the state of being employed or having a job | synonyms=employ | examples=they are looking for employment; he was in the employ of the city
2. definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=work | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
3. definition=the act of giving someone a job | synonyms=engagement
4. definition=the act of using | synonyms=use, usage, utilization, utilisation, exercise | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs; skilled in the utilization of computers

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "employment" (<t>employment</t>) is used in the provided context.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and <t>employment</t> in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

3.  **Examine the Target Word in Context:**
    *   "...there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants." (Here, 'employment' is listed alongside 'economic growth' and 'wages' as a positive impact.)
    *   "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment." (Here, 'employment' is harmed.)

4.  **Analyze the Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** definition=the state of being employed or having a job | synonyms=employ | examples=they are looking for employment; he was in the employ of the city
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=work | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=the act of giving someone a job | synonyms=engagement
    *   **Sense 4:** definition=the act of using | synonyms=use, usage, utilization, utilisation, exercise

5.  **Match Context to Senses:**

    *   The context discusses the *impact* of migration on economic factors (growth, wages, employment).
    *   The phrase "positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment" refers to the state or condition of people having jobs/being employed, or the overall state of the labor market.
    *   The phrase "harms employment" refers to the state of people having jobs or the overall labor market condition.

    *   *Check Sense 1:* "the state of being employed or having a job." This aligns perfectly with the discussion of the overall condition of the labor market and the impact on people's job status.
    *   *Check Sense 2:* "the occupation for which you are paid." While related, the context is discussing the macro-level effect on the labor market, not defining a specific job title.
    *   *Check Sense 3:* "the act of giving someone a job." (Incorrect - not about the act of hiring.)
    *   *Check Sense 4:* "the act of using." (Incorrect - not about utilization.)

6.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct meaning.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "country" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in <t>countries</t>, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The goal is to identify which numbered sense of "country" (marked by `<t></t>`) is used in the provided context.

2.  **Examine the Context:**
    "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in <t>countries</t>, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

3.  **Analyze the Target Word:** The target word is "countries".

4.  **Determine the Meaning of "countries" in Context:**
    The sentence is: "...there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in <t>countries</t>, which admit immigrants."
    The context is discussing economic growth, wages, and employment related to immigration. The word "countries" here refers to sovereign political entities that have specific economic and social structures (i.e., nations/states).

5.  **Evaluate the Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations. (Focuses on the political/governmental structure.)
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries. (Focuses on the physical territory.)
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation. (Focuses on the inhabitants.)
    *   **Sense 4:** definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country. (Focuses on geography/rurality.)
    *   **Sense 5:** definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country. (Focuses on a defined geographical region.)

6.  **Match Context to Senses:**
    The context discusses economic impact and immigration policies within political entities. While "countries" inherently involves territory (Sense 2), in the context of economic policy, political organization, and admitting immigrants, it primarily refers to the political/economic unit (a state/nation).

    *   Sense 1 (politically organized body of people under a single government) fits the discussion of economic policy and immigration laws best.
    *   Sense 2 (territory) is relevant but secondary to the political/economic function described.

7.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the most appropriate definition for "countries" when used in the context of economic and political discussion regarding immigration.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "immigration" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining <t>immigration</t> leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Senses:
1. definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) | synonyms=in-migration
2. definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of "immigration" (1 or 2) is used in the context provided.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."
    *   "Restraining <t>immigration</t> leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."
    *   "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages."
    *   The context discusses the economic impact (burden, cost, growth, wages, employment) of immigrants and the policy of restraining/controlling them.

3.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) | synonyms=in-migration. (Focuses on the *act* or *process* of moving to settle.)
    *   Sense 2: definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony. (Focuses on the *group* or *flow* of people.)

4.  **Match Context to Senses:**
    *   The context uses terms like "immigration problem," "migration flows," "positive impact of migration flows," and discusses the effect of "restraining immigration" on economic growth.
    *   The discussion is about the overall phenomenon, the flow, and the resulting economic effects of people moving into a country.

5.  **Evaluate the Options:**
    *   The text refers to "migration flows" and the general concept of immigrants impacting the economy.
    *   Sense 1 is the *process* of moving to settle.
    *   Sense 2 is the *body* or *flow* of immigrants.

    *   The phrase "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth" refers to controlling the flow/process of people entering.
    *   The discussion about the "positive impact of migration flows" refers to the collective movement.

    *   While Sense 1 is technically correct (migration *is* moving to settle), Sense 2 (the body/flow of immigrants) is often used when discussing macro-level economic impacts and consensus among specialists regarding migration *flows*. The context is focused on the collective impact of the group of immigrants.

6.  **Conclusion:** The context deals with the collective phenomenon and the flow of people (the body of immigrants) and its economic consequences. Sense 2 fits this focus better than Sense 1, which is more focused on the definition of the act of settling.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "growth" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic <t>growth</t> and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Senses:
1. definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
5. definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of "growth" (marked with `<t>growth</t>`) is used in the provided context. The answer should be only the number.

2.  **Locate the Target Word and Context:**
    *   Target word: `<t>growth</t>`
    *   Sentence containing it: "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic <t>growth</t> and harms employment."
    *   Surrounding context: "As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration... there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

3.  **Analyze the Meaning of "growth" in Context:**
    *   The context discusses economic impacts, immigration, wages, and employment.
    *   "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth..."
    *   "Anaemic" implies weak, lacking vitality, or insufficient.
    *   Therefore, "growth" here refers to economic or demographic expansion/increase.

4.  **Evaluate the Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
        *   *Relevance:* Biological growth. (Unlikely, context is economic.)

    *   **Sense 2:** definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
        *   *Relevance:* Progression/development. (Possible, but less direct than increase.)

    *   **Sense 3:** definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
        *   *Relevance:* Increase, increment, growth of population. (Highly relevant to economic/demographic context.)

    *   **Sense 4:** definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
        *   *Relevance:* Physical vegetation. (Irrelevant.)

    *   **Sense 5:** definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
        *   *Relevance:* Beginning/emergence. (Irrelevant.)

    *   **Sense 6:** definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
        *   *Relevance:* Pathology. (Irrelevant.)

    *   **Sense 7:** definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair
        *   *Relevance:* General state of being grown. (Too vague, Sense 3 is much more specific to the context.)

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 3 (a process of becoming larger or more numerous) best fits the economic context where "growth" is discussed in terms of positive or negative economic outcomes (e.g., growth of population, growth of employment, economic growth).


[User]
Which numbered sense of "employment" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms <t>employment</t>. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Senses:
1. definition=the state of being employed or having a job | synonyms=employ | examples=they are looking for employment; he was in the employ of the city
2. definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=work | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
3. definition=the act of giving someone a job | synonyms=engagement
4. definition=the act of using | synonyms=use, usage, utilization, utilisation, exercise | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs; skilled in the utilization of computers

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "employment" (<t>employment</t>) is used in the provided context.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms <t>employment</t>."
    *   "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages."

3.  **Examine the Target Word in Context:** The phrase is "harms employment." This refers to the economic state or condition of having jobs/work available.

4.  **Analyze the Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** definition=the state of being employed or having a job | synonyms=employ | examples=they are looking for employment; he was in the employ of the city
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=work | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=the act of giving someone a job | synonyms=engagement
    *   **Sense 4:** definition=the act of using | synonyms=use, usage, utilization, utilisation, exercise

5.  **Match Context to Senses:**

    *   The context discusses how restraining immigration harms the overall economic situation, specifically mentioning the replacement of native workers and the resulting negative impact on the labor market/jobs.
    *   Sense 1 ("the state of being employed or having a job") fits the idea of the overall condition of the labor market or the availability of jobs.
    *   Sense 2 ("the occupation for which you are paid") focuses more on the specific job itself or the act of working.

6.  **Conclusion:** The context uses "employment" in the sense of the state or condition of having jobs/being employed. This corresponds to Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "fear" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. <t>Fears</t> about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Senses:
1. definition=an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight) | synonyms=fearfulness, fright
2. definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=concern, care | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
3. definition=a feeling of profound respect for someone or something | synonyms=reverence, awe, veneration | examples=the fear of God; the Chinese reverence for the dead

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of "fear" (marked with `<t>Fears</t>`) is used in the provided context. The answer should be only the number.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. <t>Fears</t> about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor."

3.  **Analyze the Target Word/Phrase:** `<t>Fears</t>`

4.  **Analyze the Senses Provided:**
    *   Sense 1: definition=an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight) | synonyms=fearfulness, fright
    *   Sense 2: definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=concern, care | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
    *   Sense 3: definition=a feeling of profound respect for someone or something | synonyms=reverence, awe, veneration | examples=the fear of God; the Chinese reverence for the dead

5.  **Match the Contextual Usage to the Senses:**
    *   The context discusses "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers..."
    *   The core meaning here is apprehension or worry about a potential negative outcome (immigrants replacing workers, downward pressure on wages).

    *   *Check Sense 1:* "an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)." This aligns well with the idea of fearing economic harm or replacement.
    *   *Check Sense 2:* "an anxious feeling (synonyms=concern, care)." This also aligns with worry/anxiety.
    *   *Check Sense 3:* "a feeling of profound respect (synonyms=reverence, awe)." This does not fit the context.

6.  **Refine the Distinction between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Sense 1 emphasizes *pain/danger* and *action* (flee/fight).
    *   Sense 2 emphasizes *anxiety* and *worry*.
    *   The phrase "Fears about the impact of immigrants" refers to worries and anxieties about economic consequences. Sense 2 (an anxious feeling) is a very strong fit for general worry/concern. Sense 1 (anticipation of specific pain/danger) is also applicable, but Sense 2 captures the general state of anxiety/concern implied by the discussion of economic harm.

    *   Let's re-read the context: "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers..." This is a concern/anxiety about a potential negative outcome.

    *   Let's look at the examples provided for Sense 2: "they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction." This is a classic example of an anxious feeling/concern.

    *   Let's look at the examples provided for Sense 1: "the fear of God." This is a specific, profound dread/danger.

    *   The context uses "Fears" in the sense of general apprehension or worry regarding economic consequences. This aligns best with Sense 2 (an anxious feeling/concern).

7.  **Conclusion:** The usage is that of an anxious feeling or concern. This corresponds to Sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "impact" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the <t>impact</t> of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Senses:
1. definition=the striking of one body against another
2. definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | synonyms=wallop | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking; the book packs a wallop
3. definition=influencing strongly | synonyms=impingement, encroachment | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture
4. definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | synonyms=shock | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "impact" (<t>impact</t>) is used in the provided context. Only the number should be returned.

2.  **Examine the Context:**
    "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the <t>impact</t> of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor."

3.  **Locate the Target Word and its Usage:** The target is "<t>impact</t>".
    The relevant sentence is: "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages."

4.  **Analyze the Contextual Meaning of "impact":**
    "Fears about the impact of immigrants..." This refers to the effect or consequence that immigrants have on wages/workers.

5.  **Evaluate the Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** definition=the striking of one body against another. (Physical collision) -> *Does not fit the context.*
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | synonyms=wallop | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking; the book packs a wallop -> *This means effect/consequence. This fits the context ("Fears about the impact").*
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=influencing strongly | synonyms=impingement, encroachment | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture -> *This means influencing/pressuring. While related, Sense 2 (consequence/effect) is a better fit for "the impact of immigrants."*
    *   **Sense 4:** definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | synonyms=shock | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle -> *Does not fit the context.*

6.  **Conclusion:** The context uses "impact" to mean "effect" or "consequence" (a strong effect). This corresponds to Sense 2.

7.  **Final Check:** The phrase "Fears about the impact of immigrants" refers to the consequences or effects of immigration on the labor market. Sense 2 defines impact as "a forceful consequence; a strong effect." This is the correct sense.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "notion" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the <t>notion</t> that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Senses:
1. definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
2. definition=a general inclusive concept
3. definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
4. definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "notion" (marked with <t>notion</t>) is used in the provided context.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the <t>notion</t> that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor."

3.  **Determine the Meaning of "notion" in Context:**
    The sentence is: "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers..."
    Here, "notion" refers to an idea, a belief, or a concept held by people (the fear that immigrants will replace native workers).

4.  **Evaluate the Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
        *   *Match Check:* The context discusses a "fear" or "belief" (a vague idea/opinion) about immigrants replacing workers. This aligns well with "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" (or lack thereof, in this case, a fear/belief).

    *   **Sense 2:** definition=a general inclusive concept
        *   *Match Check:* While "notion" is a concept, the specific usage here is more about a specific *idea* or *belief* rather than a broad, inclusive concept (like "democracy" or "nature").

    *   **Sense 3:** definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
        *   *Match Check:* The context is discussing economic/social fears, not odd or fanciful ideas. (No match).

    *   **Sense 4:** definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions
        *   *Match Check:* The context is not about physical items. (No match).

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 (a vague idea, belief, or opinion) is the correct fit for the usage of "notion" in the provided text.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "worker" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native <t>workers</t>, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Senses:
1. definition=a person who works at a specific occupation | examples=he is a good worker
2. definition=a member of the working class (not necessarily employed) | synonyms=proletarian, prole | examples=workers of the world--unite!
3. definition=sterile member of a colony of social insects that forages for food and cares for the larvae
4. definition=a person who acts and gets things done | synonyms=actor, doer | examples=he's a principal actor in this affair; when you want something done get a doer

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of the word "worker" (<t>workers</t>) is used in the provided context.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The text discusses immigration, economic growth, wages, and employment.
    *   It mentions fears that immigrants are "liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages."
    *   It counters this fear: "But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor."

3.  **Analyze the Target Word in Context:** The phrase is "replace native workers" and "local labor." The context is clearly about economic roles, employment, and labor markets.

4.  **Evaluate the Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** definition=a person who works at a specific occupation | examples=he is a good worker. (Focuses on occupation/job.)
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=a member of the working class (not necessarily employed) | synonyms=proletarian, prole | examples=workers of the world--unite! (Focuses on social class/labor group.)
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=sterile member of a colony of social insects that forages for food and cares for the larvae. (Biological/insect sense.)
    *   **Sense 4:** definition=a person who acts and gets things done | synonyms=actor, doer | examples=he's a principal actor in this affair; when you want something done get a doer. (Focuses on action/doer.)

5.  **Match Context to Senses:**
    *   The context is discussing economic labor, employment, and labor markets (native workers, unskilled ones, local labor).
    *   Sense 1 (person who works at a specific occupation) fits the discussion of "workers" in an economic sense.
    *   Sense 2 (member of the working class) also fits, but Sense 1 is more directly tied to the concept of *labor* and *employment* being discussed (replacing specific jobs).
    *   Sense 3 and 4 are irrelevant.

6.  **Refine the Choice (1 vs. 2):** The text specifically refers to "native workers" and "unskilled ones" in the context of economic replacement and wages. This strongly aligns with the concept of people engaged in specific jobs or labor roles. Sense 1 is the most precise fit for discussing employment and occupation.

7.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct sense.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "one" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled <t>ones</t>, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Senses:
1. definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one
2. definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of "one" (marked with `<t></t>`) is used in the provided context. The answer should be only the number.

2.  **Locate the Target Word:** The target word is `<t>ones</t>`.

3.  **Analyze the Context surrounding the target word:**
    "...Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled <t>ones</t>, exerting downward pressure on wages."

4.  **Determine the Meaning of "ones" in context:** The phrase refers to "unskilled ones" (meaning unskilled workers/people). It is used in a plural sense, referring to a group of people.

5.  **Analyze the Provided Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one
        *   *Focus:* Numerical quantity (1).

    *   **Sense 2:** definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered
        *   *Focus:* A single entity/person.

6.  **Match the Context to the Senses:**
    *   The context uses "unskilled ones" to refer to a group of workers (plural).
    *   Sense 1 is about the number 'one' (or the concept of unity/singularity in a numerical sense).
    *   Sense 2 is about a single person or thing.

7.  **Re-evaluate the usage of "ones" in the context:**
    *   "unskilled ones" refers to unskilled workers. This is a plural noun referring to people.
    *   If the text meant "unskilled *one*", it would be singular. Since it is "ones," it is plural.
    *   Does "ones" fit Sense 2 ("a single person or thing")? No, because "ones" is plural.
    *   Does "ones" fit Sense 1 (related to the concept of 'one' or unity)? Sense 1 focuses heavily on the numeral 'one' or the concept of singularity.

8.  **Critical Re-examination of the Prompt/Senses:** The prompt asks which *sense of "one"* is used. The word used is "ones" (plural).

    *   Let's assume the question is flawed and is asking about the *root* meaning of the word, or that the provided senses are meant to capture the usage.

    *   If we look at the structure: "unskilled ones" (referring to workers). This is a collective noun/plural.

    *   If we strictly interpret the provided senses:
        *   Sense 1: Focuses on the number 1.
        *   Sense 2: Focuses on a single person/thing.

    *   The word "ones" (plural) is not directly defined by either sense, but it is derived from the concept of "one."

    *   *Self-Correction/Alternative Interpretation:* Often in these types of questions, if the word is plural (ones), it is meant to be contrasted with the singular (one). However, the task is to identify the sense *used*.

    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "he is the best one; this is the one I ordered." (Singular usage).
    *   The context uses "unskilled ones" (Plural usage).

    *   If the context intended to use the singular form, it would be "unskilled one." Since it uses "ones," it is plural.

    *   Let's reconsider Sense 1: "definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one"
        *   This sense deals with the concept of 'one' and unity. While "ones" is plural, it is fundamentally derived from the concept of 'one'.

    *   Let's reconsider Sense 2: "definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered"
        *   This sense is about singularity.

    *   The context is discussing a group of workers ("unskilled ones"). This leans toward Sense 2 (referring to people/things), even though it is plural.

    *   *Final Check:* If the text had said "the one," Sense 2 would be perfect. Since it says "ones," and it refers to people, Sense 2 (a single person or thing) is the closest semantic category, even if the number is pluralized.

    *   However, let's look at the provided examples for Sense 2 again: "he is the best one; this is the one I ordered." This strongly emphasizes singularity.

    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one." This emphasizes the number 'one'.

    *   The context is about *people* (workers). Therefore, the sense referring to a person/thing (Sense 2) is the most relevant category, despite the pluralization.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "pressure" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward <t>pressure</t> on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Senses:
1. definition=the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit) | synonyms=pressure level, force per unit area | examples=the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure
2. definition=a force that compels | examples=the public brought pressure to bear on the government
3. definition=the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure | synonyms=press, pressing | examples=he gave the button a press; he used pressure to stop the bleeding
4. definition=the state of demanding notice or attention | synonyms=imperativeness, insistence, insistency, press | examples=the insistence of their hunger; the press of business matters
5. definition=the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin | synonyms=pressure sensation | examples=the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal
6. definition=an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
7. definition=the pressure exerted by the atmosphere | synonyms=atmospheric pressure, air pressure

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify which numbered sense of "pressure" (marked with <t>pressure</t>) is used in the provided context.

2.  **Examine the Context:**
    "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward <t>pressure</t> on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor."

3.  **Locate the Target Word and Phrase:** The target is "<t>pressure</t> on wages."

4.  **Determine the Meaning of "Pressure on wages":** In an economic context, "pressure on wages" means exerting force or influence to reduce or lower the level of wages.

5.  **Evaluate the Senses:**

    *   **Sense 1:** definition=the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit) | synonyms=pressure level, force per unit area | examples=the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure (Physical/Mechanical force). (Does not fit economic context well.)
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=a force that compels | examples=the public brought pressure to bear on the government (Force/Influence). (Fits the idea of exerting influence/force.)
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure | synonyms=press, pressing | examples=he gave the button a press; he used pressure to stop the bleeding (Action of pressing). (Possible, but Sense 2 is often better for abstract influence.)
    *   **Sense 4:** definition=the state of demanding notice or attention | synonyms=imperativeness, insistence, insistency, press | examples=the insistence of their hunger; the press of business matters (Demand for attention/insistence). (Does not fit economic context.)
    *   **Sense 5:** definition=the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin | synonyms=pressure sensation | examples=the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal (Physical sensation on skin). (Does not fit economic context.)
    *   **Sense 6:** definition=an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress (Distress/Oppression). (Does not fit the economic context of lowering wages.)
    *   **Sense 7:** definition=the pressure exerted by the atmosphere | synonyms=atmospheric pressure, air pressure (Physical force of air). (Does not fit economic context.)

6.  **Compare Best Fits (Sense 2 vs. Sense 3):**
    The phrase is "exerting downward pressure on wages." This describes an influence or force applied to a system (wages).
    *   Sense 2: "a force that compels." (Fits the idea of economic force/influence.)
    *   Sense 3: "the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure." (Fits the idea of exerting force.)

    In the context of economic analysis ("exerting downward pressure on wages"), Sense 2 (a force that compels/influences) is the most appropriate interpretation, describing the economic force exerted by immigrants on the wage structure.

7.  **Final Check:** The context uses "pressure" metaphorically to mean influence or force applied to wages. Sense 2 captures this idea best.