[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inspiration
Target surface form: inspiration
Context:
"As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the <t>inspiration</t> for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inspiration%1:09:01:: | definition=a sudden intuition as part of solving a problem
2. sense_key=inspiration%1:09:00:: | definition=(theology) a special influence of a divinity on the minds of human beings | synonyms=divine guidance | examples=they believe that the books of Scripture were written under divine guidance
3. sense_key=inspiration%1:09:02:: | definition=arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity
4. sense_key=inspiration%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of inhaling; the drawing in of air (or other gases) as in breathing | synonyms=inhalation, aspiration, intake, breathing in
5. sense_key=inspiration%1:04:01:: | definition=arousing to a particular emotion or action | synonyms=stirring
6. sense_key=inspiration%1:06:00:: | definition=a product of your creative thinking and work | synonyms=brainchild | examples=he had little respect for the inspirations of other artists; after years of work his brainchild was a tangible reality

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "inspiration"
    *   Context: "The crime is believed by some to have been the <t>inspiration</t> for the television show and the movie 'The Fugitive.'"
    *   Meaning: The crime served as the basis or the creative spark for the creation of the show and movie.

    *   Sense 1: "a sudden intuition as part of solving a problem" (Doesn't fit; it's not about solving a problem).
    *   Sense 2: "(theology) a special influence of a divinity..." (Doesn't fit; not religious).
    *   Sense 3: "arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity" (This describes the *process* of being inspired).
    *   Sense 4: "the act of inhaling..." (Doesn't fit; not breathing).
    *   Sense 5: "arousing to a particular emotion or action" (Doesn't fit; not about stirring emotion).
    *   Sense 6: "a product of your creative thinking and work" (Wait, "brainchild"). Let's re-read. "The crime is believed... to have been the inspiration for the television show..."

    *   Sense 3: "arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity".
    *   Sense 6: "a product of your creative thinking and work".

    Wait, let's look at the sentence again: "The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show..."
    Is the crime the *product* (Sense 6)? No, the show is the product. The crime is the *source* that aroused the creativity.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 3: "arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity".
    If the crime was the "inspiration", it means the crime *caused* the arousal of the mind to create the show.

    Let's check if there's a better sense.
    Sense 1: intuition.
    Sense 2: divine.
    Sense 3: arousal of the mind...
    Sense 4: breathing.
    Sense 5: stirring.
    Sense 6: product.

    Actually, looking at common WordNet usage, "inspiration" as the source of a creative work often falls under "arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity" (Sense 3) or sometimes a separate sense not listed here. But among these choices:
    - Sense 6 is the *result* (the brainchild). The crime is not the brainchild; the show is.
    - Sense 3 is the *stimulus* or the *state* of being inspired.

    Let's double-check Sense 3 again: "arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity".
    If I say "The sunset was the inspiration for the painting," the sunset provided the arousal/stimulus.

    Let's look at Sense 5: "arousing to a particular emotion or action". This is more about motivation (e.g., "his speech was an inspiration to us all").

    Comparing Sense 3 and Sense 6:
    Sense 6: "a product of your creative thinking and work" (synonym: brainchild).
    Example: "he had little respect for the inspirations of other artists". In this example, "inspirations" refers to the works themselves.
    But in the target sentence: "The crime... was the inspiration for the television show". The crime is not the product; it's the source.

    Therefore, Sense 3 is the most appropriate, as it refers to the creative spark/stimulus.

    Wait, let me search for "inspiration" in WordNet again.
    Often, "inspiration" is used to mean "the person or thing that inspires".
    Sense 3: "arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity".
    If the crime is the "inspiration", it is the thing that caused the "arousal of the mind".

    Let's re-read Sense 6: "a product of your creative thinking and work".
    If the crime was the "inspiration", it cannot be the "product".

    Let's re-read Sense 3: "arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity".
    This fits best as the source of the creative process.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 5 again: "arousing to a particular emotion or action".
    "The crime... was the inspiration for the television show".
    Is it "arousing to a particular action" (the action of making a show)?
    Usually, "inspiration" in the context of art refers to the creative spark (Sense 3).

    Let's check if there are other possibilities.
    Sense 1: intuition.
    Sense 2: divine.
    Sense 3: arousal of the mind...
    Sense 4: breathing.
    Sense 5: stirring.
    Sense 6: product.

    If the crime is the "inspiration", it is the *source* of the arousal. Sense 3 describes the arousal itself. In English, we often use the word "inspiration" to refer to both the stimulus and the resulting state.

    Example: "The beauty of the mountains was the inspiration for the poem."
    Here, "inspiration" = the thing that aroused the mind to creativity.

    Sense 3: "arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity".
    This is the most fitting among the choices.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: conviction
Target surface form: conviction
Context:
The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's <t>conviction</t> half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=conviction%1:09:00:: | definition=an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence | synonyms=strong belief, article of faith
2. sense_key=conviction%1:04:00:: | definition=(criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed | synonyms=judgment of conviction, condemnation, sentence | examples=the conviction came as no surprise

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `conviction`
    *   Target surface form: `conviction`
    *   Context: "Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's <t>conviction</t> half a century later might be intrigued by the argument..."
    *   Surrounding context: Mentions of "trial judge", "jury", "appeals courts", "overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath", "murder of his wife", "death penalty".

    *   Sense 1: `conviction%1:09:00::` - an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence (strong belief, article of faith).
    *   Sense 2: `conviction%1:04:00::` - (criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed (judgment of conviction, condemnation, sentence).

    *   The context is clearly legal/criminal.
    *   "appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction" refers to the legal judgment of guilt.
    *   This matches Sense 2 perfectly.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: half
Target surface form: half
Context:
The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction <t>half</t> a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=half%1:28:00:: | definition=one of two divisions into which some games or performances are divided: the two divisions are separated by an interval
2. sense_key=half%1:23:00:: | definition=one of two equal parts of a divisible whole | synonyms=one-half | examples=half a loaf; half an hour

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "half"
    *   Target surface form: "half"
    *   Context: "...Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction <t>half</t> a century later might be intrigued..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `half%1:28:00::`: one of two divisions into which some games or performances are divided (e.g., halftime in football).
        2.  `half%1:23:00::`: one of two equal parts of a divisible whole (e.g., half a loaf, half an hour).

    *   The phrase is "half a century later".
    *   "A century" is a divisible whole (100 years).
    *   "Half a century" means 50 years (one of two equal parts of 100 years).

    *   Sense 1 refers to sports or performance divisions. This does not fit.
    *   Sense 2 refers to one of two equal parts of a divisible whole. This fits perfectly ("half a century").

    *   The correct sense is index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: century
Target surface form: century
Context:
The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a <t>century</t> later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=century%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 100 years
2. sense_key=century%1:23:00:: | definition=ten 10s | synonyms=hundred, 100, C, one C

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `century`
    *   Target surface form: `century`
    *   Context: "...Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a <t>century</t> later might be intrigued by the argument..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `century%1:28:00::` | definition: a period of 100 years
        2.  `century%1:23:00::` | definition: ten 10s | synonyms: hundred, 100, C, one C

    *   The phrase is "half a century later".
    *   In this context, "century" refers to a span of time (100 years).
    *   "Half a century" means 50 years.

    *   Sense 1: "a period of 100 years" (Time duration).
    *   Sense 2: "ten 10s" (The number 100).

    *   The context "half a century later" clearly refers to a duration of time, not the number 100 in a mathematical or counting sense.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: argument
Target surface form: argument
Context:
The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the <t>argument</t> that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=argument%1:09:00:: | definition=a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value determines the dependent variable; if f(x)=y, x is the independent variable
2. sense_key=argument%1:10:01:: | definition=a summary of the subject or plot of a literary work or play or movie | synonyms=literary argument | examples=the editor added the argument to the poem
3. sense_key=argument%1:10:02:: | definition=a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true | synonyms=statement | examples=it was a strong argument that his hypothesis was true
4. sense_key=argument%1:09:01:: | definition=a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning | synonyms=argumentation, logical argument, line of reasoning, line | examples=I can't follow your line of reasoning
5. sense_key=argument%1:10:03:: | definition=a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement | synonyms=controversy, contention, contestation, disputation, disceptation, tilt | examples=they were involved in a violent argument
6. sense_key=argument%1:10:04:: | definition=(computer science) a reference or value that is passed to a function, procedure, subroutine, command, or program | synonyms=parameter
7. sense_key=argument%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal | synonyms=argumentation, debate | examples=the argument over foreign aid goes on and on

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "argument"
    *   Context: "Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the <t>argument</t> that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case."
    *   Meaning: The "argument" here refers to a specific claim or assertion being made by lawyers to the court (that new rules are necessary).

    *   Sense 1: Variable in math/logic. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Summary of a literary work. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: A fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true. (Strong candidate)
    *   Sense 4: A course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning. (Strong candidate)
    *   Sense 5: A contentious speech act; a dispute. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Computer science parameter. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: A discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition (debate). (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 3: "a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true" (Synonym: statement).
    *   Sense 4: "a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning" (Synonyms: argumentation, line of reasoning).

    *   The text says: "...intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary..."
    *   This is a specific claim/assertion being put forward to the court.
    *   While it involves reasoning (Sense 4), the phrase "the argument that [proposition]" typically refers to the assertion itself (Sense 3).
    *   Let's look at the examples:
        *   Sense 3: "it was a strong argument that his hypothesis was true" (Matches the structure "argument that [proposition]").
        *   Sense 4: "I can't follow your line of reasoning" (Focuses on the process/method).

    *   The context "the argument that new rules could be necessary" aligns perfectly with the example for Sense 3 ("a strong argument that his hypothesis was true").

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rule
Target surface form: rules
Context:
The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new <t>rules</t> could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rule%1:09:03:: | definition=a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct | synonyms=principle | examples=their principles of composition characterized all their works
2. sense_key=rule%1:10:01:: | definition=(linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice | synonyms=linguistic rule
3. sense_key=rule%1:09:04:: | definition=(mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems | synonyms=formula | examples=he determined the upper bound with Descartes' rule of signs; he gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials
4. sense_key=rule%1:10:03:: | definition=any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order | examples=the rule of St. Dominic
5. sense_key=rule%1:28:00:: | definition=the duration of a monarch's or government's power | examples=during the rule of Elizabeth
6. sense_key=rule%1:09:00:: | definition=a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior | synonyms=regulation | examples=it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast; short haircuts were the regulation
7. sense_key=rule%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths | synonyms=ruler
8. sense_key=rule%1:10:02:: | definition=directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted | examples=he knew the rules of chess
9. sense_key=rule%1:09:02:: | definition=a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system | synonyms=principle | examples=the principle of the conservation of mass; the principle of jet propulsion
10. sense_key=rule%1:26:00:: | definition=dominance or power through legal authority | synonyms=dominion | examples=France held undisputed dominion over vast areas of Africa; the rule of Caesar
11. sense_key=rule%1:09:01:: | definition=something regarded as a normative example | synonyms=convention, normal, pattern, formula | examples=the convention of not naming the main character; violence is the rule not the exception
12. sense_key=rule%1:10:00:: | definition=prescribed guide for conduct or action | synonyms=prescript

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 12}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 12}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `rule`
    *   Target surface form: `rules`
    *   Context: "...Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new <t>rules</t> could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case."

    *   The context discusses legal proceedings, courtrooms, and the need for "new rules" to "govern ways of communicating from courtrooms."
    *   These "rules" are intended to regulate behavior or procedures within a legal/judicial setting.

    *   Sense 1: basic generalization accepted as true (principle). (Too abstract)
    *   Sense 2: linguistic practice. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: mathematical procedure (formula). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: religious order regulations. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: duration of a monarch's power. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: principle or condition that customarily governs behavior (regulation). (Possible)
    *   Sense 7: measuring stick (ruler). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: directions for a game or sport. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 9: rule/law concerning natural phenomenon. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 10: dominance or power through legal authority (dominion). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 11: normative example (convention). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 12: prescribed guide for conduct or action (prescript). (Possible)

    *   Sense 6: "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior" (synonym: regulation).
    *   Sense 12: "prescribed guide for conduct or action" (synonym: prescript).

    *   In a legal context, "rules" (like rules of evidence or rules of court) are formal prescriptions or regulations that govern how the court operates.
    *   Sense 6 mentions "regulation" and "customarily governs behavior."
    *   Sense 12 mentions "prescribed guide for conduct or action."

    Let's look closer at Sense 6 vs Sense 12.
    Sense 6: "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior" (e.g., "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast"). This often refers to personal habits or general social regulations.
    Sense 12: "prescribed guide for conduct or action" (synonym: prescript). This feels slightly more formal and aligned with legal "rules of procedure."

    Wait, let's re-examine Sense 6 again. "short haircuts were the regulation".
    Let's look at Sense 12 again. "prescribed guide for conduct or action".

    Actually, looking at WordNet's hierarchy (if I recall), "regulation" (Sense 6) and "prescript" (Sense 12) are very close. However, in the context of "rules to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms," these are formal regulations.

    Let's check if there's a better fit.
    Sense 6: "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior"
    Sense 12: "prescribed guide for conduct or action"

    In legal terms, "rules of court" are prescriptions.
    Let's compare "regulation" (6) and "prescript" (12).
    A "regulation" is often a rule made and maintained by an authority.
    A "prescript" is an authoritative rule.

    Looking at the context: "new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms". This implies formal guidelines or regulations.

    Let's re-read Sense 6: "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior".
    Let's re-read Sense 12: "prescribed guide for conduct or action".

    Actually, Sense 6's example "short haircuts were the regulation" suggests a formal requirement.
    Sense 12's "prescribed guide for conduct or action" is very broad.

    Let's look at the synonyms again.
    Sense 6: regulation.
    Sense 12: prescript.

    In many WordNet versions, "rule" as in "court rules" or "rules of the game" is often mapped to "regulation" or "prescript".
    Wait, Sense 8 is "directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted". This is a specific type of rule.
    Sense 6 is more general behavior.
    Sense 12 is a "prescribed guide".

    Let's think about "rules of court". They are formal regulations.
    If I have to choose between 6 and 12:
    6: "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior"
    12: "prescribed guide for conduct or action"

    "Prescribed guide" (12) sounds more like a formal rule (like a law or a court rule) than "customarily governs" (6).

    Let's double-check Sense 6 again. "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast". That's a personal rule. "short haircuts were the regulation". That's a formal rule.

    Let's look at Sense 12 again. "prescribed guide for conduct or action".

    Actually, in many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "rules" in a legal/procedural context are often mapped to the sense of "regulation" or "prescript".

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 6: "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior".
    Let's re-evaluate Sense 12: "prescribed guide for conduct or action".

    If the rules are "necessary to govern ways of communicating", they are being *prescribed* to guide action.

    Let's search for "rule" in WordNet.
    rule%1:09:00 (Sense 6): a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior.
    rule%1:10:00 (Sense 12): prescribed guide for conduct or action.

    Looking at the examples for 6: "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast". This is a habit.
    Looking at the definition for 12: "prescribed guide for conduct or action". This is more general and fits formal rules better.

    Wait, let me check Sense 6 again. "short haircuts were the regulation". This is a formal rule.

    Let's compare:
    6: principle/condition that customarily governs behavior.
    12: prescribed guide for conduct or action.

    "Rules to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms" are not "customary"; they are "prescribed" (or need to be prescribed).

    Therefore, Sense 12 is a better fit than Sense 6.

    *   Sense 1: Principle (too general)
    *   Sense 2: Linguistic (no)
    *   Sense 3: Math (no)
    *   Sense 4: Religious (no)
    *   Sense 5: Duration of power (no)
    *   Sense 6: Customary behavior/regulation (possible, but "customary" is a weak fit)
    *   Sense 7: Ruler (no)
    *   Sense 8: Game rules (no)
    *   Sense 9: Natural law (no)
    *   Sense 10: Dominion (no)
    *   Sense 11: Normative example (no)
    *   Sense 12: Prescribed guide for conduct or action (best fit)

    The context is about creating new formal guidelines (rules) for courtroom communication. This matches "prescribed guide for conduct or action" (Sense 12).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: way
Target surface form: ways
Context:
The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern <t>ways</t> of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=way%1:23:00:: | definition=space for movement | synonyms=room, elbow room | examples=room to pass; make way for
2. sense_key=way%1:07:02:: | definition=the property of distance in general | examples=it's a long way to Moscow; he went a long ways
3. sense_key=way%1:09:01:: | definition=a general category of things; used in the expression `in the way of' | examples=they didn't have much in the way of clothing
4. sense_key=way%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of things generally | examples=that's the way it is; I felt the same way
5. sense_key=way%1:07:01:: | definition=how something is done or how it happens | synonyms=manner, mode, style, fashion | examples=her dignified manner; his rapid manner of talking
6. sense_key=way%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=path, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
7. sense_key=way%1:04:01:: | definition=how a result is obtained or an end is achieved | synonyms=means, agency | examples=a means of control; an example is the best agency of instruction
8. sense_key=way%1:04:02:: | definition=a journey or passage | examples=they are on the way
9. sense_key=way%1:09:00:: | definition=doing as one pleases or chooses | examples=if I had my way
10. sense_key=way%1:21:00:: | definition=a portion of something divided into shares | examples=they split the loot three ways
11. sense_key=way%1:06:00:: | definition=any artifact consisting of a road or path affording passage from one place to another | examples=he said he was looking for the way out
12. sense_key=way%1:15:00:: | definition=a line leading to a place or point | synonyms=direction | examples=he looked the other direction; didn't know the way home

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `way`
    *   Target surface form: `ways`
    *   Context: "...new rules could be necessary to govern <t>ways</t> of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case."

    *   1: space for movement (room, elbow room) - *Incorrect*
    *   2: property of distance (long way) - *Incorrect*
    *   3: general category of things (in the way of) - *Incorrect*
    *   4: condition of things generally (that's the way it is) - *Incorrect*
    *   5: how something is done or how it happens (manner, mode, style, fashion) - *Possible*
    *   6: a course of conduct (path, way of life) - *Incorrect*
    *   7: how a result is obtained or an end is achieved (means, agency) - *Possible*
    *   8: a journey or passage (on the way) - *Incorrect*
    *   9: doing as one pleases (if I had my way) - *Incorrect*
    *   10: a portion of something divided into shares (split three ways) - *Incorrect*
    *   11: artifact consisting of a road or path (way out) - *Incorrect*
    *   12: a line leading to a place or point (direction) - *Incorrect*

    *   The phrase is "ways of communicating".
    *   Does it mean "the manner in which communication is done" (Sense 5) or "the means by which communication is achieved" (Sense 7)?
    *   Sense 5: "how something is done or how it happens" (manner, mode, style, fashion).
    *   Sense 7: "how a result is obtained or an end is achieved" (means, agency).
    *   "Ways of communicating" usually refers to the methods or means used to communicate (e.g., social media, email, live streaming).
    *   Let's look at the context: "...new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case."
    *   The "ways" here are the methods/means (like the internet, smartphones, etc.) that didn't exist in 1966.
    *   Comparing Sense 5 (manner/mode) and Sense 7 (means/agency):
        *   Sense 5 (manner) is more about *how* someone speaks (e.g., "his rapid manner of talking").
        *   Sense 7 (means) is more about the *instrument* or *method* used to achieve the goal (e.g., "a means of control").
    *   "Ways of communicating" in this context refers to the *means* (the technology/channels) of communication.

    *   Sense 5: manner, mode, style, fashion.
    *   Sense 7: means, agency.
    *   "Ways of communicating" = "Means of communicating".

    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate Sense 5. "Mode" is listed as a synonym for Sense 5. "Mode of communication" is a very common phrase.
    *   Let's look at Sense 7 again: "how a result is obtained or an end is achieved".
    *   Is communicating a "result" or an "end"? Or is it an activity?
    *   If it's an activity, "the way it is done" (Sense 5) might be better.
    *   Let's check "means of communication" vs "mode of communication". Both are common.
    *   However, "means" (Sense 7) often refers to the tool or agency. "Mode" (Sense 5) often refers to the manner.
    *   In the context of "unimagined at the time", it's referring to the *technological means* (internet, etc.).
    *   Let's re-read Sense 5: "how something is done or how it happens".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 7: "how a result is obtained or an end is achieved".
    *   Actually, "ways of communicating" often maps to "means of communication".
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 7: "a means of control", "an example is the best agency of instruction".
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 5: "her dignified manner", "his rapid manner of talking".
    *   The context "ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time" strongly suggests the *means* (the tools/channels) rather than the *manner* (the style) of communication.

    *   Sense 5: manner, mode, style, fashion.
    *   Sense 7: means, agency.
    *   "Ways of communicating" = "Means of communicating".
    *   If I say "There are many ways to communicate," I usually mean "There are many means (email, phone, etc.) to communicate."

    *   Sense 5: "how something is done"
    *   Sense 7: "how a result is obtained"
    *   Is "communicating" the result? No, communication is the process.
    *   Wait, "means of communication" is a standard phrase. "Means" is a synonym for Sense 7.
    *   Let's double-check Sense 5 again. "Mode" is a synonym. "Mode of communication" is also standard.
    *   But "mode" in Sense 5 is grouped with "manner, style, fashion," which suggests the *way* something is performed, not the *tool* used.
    *   The context "unimagined at the time" points toward the tools/technology (means).

    *   Sense 7: means, agency.
    *   Example: "a means of control".
    *   "Ways of communicating" -> "Means of communicating". This fits well.

    *   Sense 5: manner, mode, style, fashion.
    *   Example: "his rapid manner of talking".
    *   This is about the *style* of talking, not the *method* of communication.

    *   The "ways of communicating" that were "unimagined" in 1966 are the *means* (internet, social media, etc.).

    *   Sense 7 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: case
Context:
The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's <t>case</t>. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
2. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
3. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
4. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
5. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
6. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
7. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
10. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
11. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
12. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
13. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
14. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
15. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
16. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
17. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
18. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
19. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine
20. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "case"
    *   Context: "...new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's <t>case</t>."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses a trial judge, appeals courts, a landmark 1966 ruling by the US Supreme Court, the conviction of Dr. Sam Sheppard for murder, and the "carnival atmosphere at trial."

    *   1: enclosing frame (door/window) - No.
    *   2: person subjected to experimental procedures - No.
    *   3: housing/outer covering - No.
    *   4: portable container - No.
    *   5: printing receptacle - No.
    *   6: size/style of type - No.
    *   7: enveloping structure (animal/plant) - No.
    *   8: problem requiring investigation (e.g., Perry Mason) - Possible, but usually refers to the mystery/crime.
    *   9: special set of circumstances - No.
    *   10: statement of facts/reasons for argument - No.
    *   11: comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law (lawsuit, suit, cause) - Very likely.
    *   12: person of a specified kind (eccentric) - No.
    *   13: pillowcase - No.
    *   14: state of mind (jitters) - No.
    *   15: person requiring professional services - No.
    *   16: grammatical case - No.
    *   17: occurrence of something (instance) - No.
    *   18: actual state of things - No.
    *   19: glass container (display case) - No.
    *   20: quantity contained in a case - No.

    *   Sense 8: "a problem requiring investigation" (e.g., "the case of the missing heir").
    *   Sense 11: "a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy" (synonyms: lawsuit, suit, cause).

    The context refers to "Dr. Sheppard's case" in the context of a "landmark 1966 ruling," "the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction," and "carnival atmosphere at trial." This clearly refers to the legal proceedings (the trial and subsequent appeals) rather than just the crime/mystery itself.

    Sense 11 is the most precise fit for a legal proceeding.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reason
Context:
But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general <t>reason</t> for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
3. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
4. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
5. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `reason`
    *   Target surface form: `reason`
    *   Context: "There is a general <t>reason</t> for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials...
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `reason%1:16:00::`: a rational motive for a belief or action (synonym: ground)
        2.  `reason%1:10:00::`: a justification for something existing or happening (synonyms: cause, grounds)
        3.  `reason%1:26:00::`: the state of having good sense and sound judgment (synonyms: rationality, reasonableness)
        4.  `reason%1:10:01::`: an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon
        5.  `reason%1:09:01::`: a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion (example: "there is reason to believe he is lying")
        6.  `reason%1:09:00::`: the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination (synonyms: understanding, intellect)

    *   The phrase is "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media".
    *   This means there is a justification or a logical basis for being concerned.
    *   Compare with the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "the reason that war was declared" (motive)
        *   Sense 2: "he had no cause to complain" (justification for existing/happening)
        *   Sense 5: "there is reason to believe he is lying" (fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion)

    *   Sense 2: "a justification for something existing or happening" (synonyms: cause, grounds). Example: "he had no cause to complain".
    *   Sense 5: "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion". Example: "there is reason to believe he is lying".

    *   "There is a general reason for concern" is very similar to "there is reason to believe".
    *   In "reason for concern", "reason" acts as a justification or ground for the feeling of concern.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "a justification for something existing or happening". Concern is a state/feeling that exists.
    *   Let's look at Sense 5 again: "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion". "Concern" isn't exactly a premise or conclusion, but the *state* of being concerned is justified by facts.

    *   Wait, let's re-examine Sense 2: "a justification for something existing or happening". Example: "he had no cause to complain". "Cause to complain" is almost identical in structure to "reason for concern".
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 5: "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion". Example: "there is reason to believe he is lying".

    *   "There is a general reason for concern"
    *   If we replace "reason" with "cause" (Sense 2 synonym): "There is a general cause for concern." (Very common phrase).
    *   If we replace "reason" with "fact that logically justifies" (Sense 5): "There is a general fact that logically justifies concern." (A bit clunky).

    *   Sense 2: "a justification for something existing or happening" (synonyms: cause, grounds).
    *   Sense 5: "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion".

    Actually, "reason for concern" is a standard idiom. Let's see which sense fits better.
    "He had no cause to complain" (Sense 2)
    "There is reason to believe" (Sense 5)

    "Reason for concern" is more like "cause for concern".
    Sense 2 synonyms: cause, grounds.
    Sense 5 example: "there is reason to believe he is lying".

    Wait, "reason to believe" (Sense 5) and "reason for concern" are very similar. Let's look closer.
    Sense 5: "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion".
    Sense 2: "a justification for something existing or happening".

    Is "concern" a premise/conclusion or something existing/happening?
    Concern is a state of mind (something existing).

    Let's check Sense 2 again: "a justification for something existing or happening".
    Example: "he had no cause to complain". (Complaining is the action/happening).
    Example: "they had good reason to rejoice". (Rejoicing is the action/happening).

    Let's check Sense 5 again: "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion".
    Example: "there is reason to believe he is lying". (Believing is the premise/conclusion).

    "Reason for concern" -> "Reason to be concerned".
    Is "being concerned" a premise/conclusion or an action/state?
    It's more of a state/feeling.

    Let's look at the phrase "cause for concern". "Cause" is a synonym for Sense 2.
    "There is a general reason for concern" = "There is a general cause for concern".

    Let's double-check Sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action".
    "The reason that war was declared". (Motive).
    "Reason for concern" isn't really a motive *for* the concern, but the *justification* for it.

    Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 5 again:
    Sense 2: justification for something existing or happening.
    Sense 5: fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion.

    "Reason for concern" is almost always used to mean there is a justification for the feeling of concern.
    If I say "There is reason to believe X", I am saying there is evidence (a fact) that justifies the conclusion X.
    If I say "There is reason for concern", I am saying there is a justification for the state of being concerned.

    Let's look at the WordNet senses again.
    Sense 2: `reason%1:10:00::` | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
    Sense 5: `reason%1:09:01::` | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

    "Reason for concern" is very similar to "reason to believe".
    However, "cause for concern" is a very common phrase, and "cause" is a synonym for Sense 2.

    Let's try to see if "reason for concern" fits Sense 5's "fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion".
    Premise: "The new media might impact trials."
    Conclusion: "We should be concerned."
    The "reason" is the fact that justifies this conclusion.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again. "a justification for something existing or happening".
    Something existing: "concern".
    Justification: "reason".

    Let's search for "reason for concern" in a dictionary or corpus.
    It's often used interchangeably with "cause for concern".
    "Cause" is listed as a synonym for Sense 2.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 5: "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion".
    Example: "there is reason to believe he is lying".
    This is almost the exact same structure as "there is reason for concern" (there is reason to be concerned).

    Let's look at the difference between "reason to believe" and "reason to complain".
    "Reason to believe" -> Sense 5.
    "Reason to complain" -> Sense 2.

    Is "concern" more like "believe" or "complain"?
    "Believe" is a cognitive act (forming a conclusion).
    "Complain" is an action/expression of a state.
    "Concern" is a state of anxiety/worry.

    Actually, "reason for concern" often means "there are grounds for being concerned".
    "Grounds" is a synonym for both Sense 1 and Sense 2.
    Sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action" (synonym: ground)
    Sense 2: "a justification for something existing or happening" (synonyms: cause, grounds)

    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "a rational motive for a belief or action".
    Is "concern" a belief or action? It's more of a feeling/state.

    Let's look at Sense 2 again: "a justification for something existing or happening".
    "Concern" is something existing.

    Let's look at Sense 5 again: "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion".
    "There is reason to believe" (Sense 5).
    "There is reason for concern" (?).

    If I say "There is reason for concern", I'm saying "It is reasonable to be concerned" or "There are facts that justify being concerned".

    Let's compare:
    "There is reason to believe" (Sense 5)
    "There is reason to rejoice" (Sense 2)
    "There is reason for concern"

    "Rejoice" and "concern" are both emotional states/responses.
    "Believe" is a cognitive conclusion.

    Therefore, "reason for concern" is more similar to "reason to rejoice" (Sense 2) than to "reason to believe" (Sense 5).

    Sense 2: justification for something existing or happening.
    Synonyms: cause, grounds.
    Example: "he had no cause to complain", "they had good reason to rejoice".
    "Reason for concern" fits this perfectly.

    Sense 5: a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion.
    Example: "there is reason to believe he is lying".
    This is more about evidence for a specific claim.

    "There is a general reason for concern" means there is a general justification for the state of concern.

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action".
    "The reason that war was declared".
    This is more like the *purpose* or *motive* (why they did it).
    "Reason for concern" is not the *motive* for the concern, but the *justification* for it.

    So, Sense 2 seems the strongest.

    Wait, let me re-read Sense 5 one more time. "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion".
    If the "conclusion" is "we should be concerned", then Sense 5 could work.
    But "reason to rejoice" (Sense 2) is so similar to "reason for concern".

    Let's check "cause for concern" again.
    "Cause" is a synonym for Sense 2.
    "There is a general cause for concern." (Perfect fit).

    Let's check "grounds for concern".
    "Grounds" is a synonym for Sense 1 and Sense 2.
    Sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action".
    Sense 2: "a justification for something existing or happening".

    "Concern" is not really an action or a belief (Sense 1), but a state (Sense 2).

    Final check:
    Sense 2: justification for something existing or happening.
    Context: "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media".
    This means there is a justification for the existence of concern.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 5 again. "there is reason to believe he is lying".
    Is "reason for concern" more like "reason to believe" or "reason to rejoice"?
    "Reason to believe" (Sense 5)
    "Reason to rejoice" (Sense 2)
    "Reason for concern" (Sense 2)

    Let's think about "reason to believe" vs "reason to be concerned".
    "Believe" is a mental state, but it's specifically about the truth of a proposition.
    "Concerned" is an emotional state.
    "Rejoice" is an emotional state.

    Sense 2 seems more appropriate for emotional states or general justifications for a state of being.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: concern
Target surface form: concern
Context:
But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for <t>concern</t> about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=concern%1:09:00:: | definition=something that interests you because it is important or affects you | examples=the safety of the ship is the captain's concern
2. sense_key=concern%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of sympathy for someone or something | examples=She felt strong concern for those less fortunate
3. sense_key=concern%1:09:01:: | definition=something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness | synonyms=worry, headache, vexation | examples=New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry
4. sense_key=concern%1:14:00:: | definition=a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it | synonyms=business, business concern, business organization, business organisation | examples=he bought his brother's business; a small mom-and-pop business
5. sense_key=concern%1:12:01:: | definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=care, fear | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `concern`
    *   Target surface form: `concern`
    *   Context: "There is a general reason for <t>concern</t> about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials...
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses the potential for news media to affect the fairness of trials (referencing the Sam Sheppard case and the "carnival atmosphere"). Professor Donohue is talking about the impact of new media on trial fairness.

    *   Sense 1: `something that interests you because it is important or affects you` (e.g., "the safety of the ship is the captain's concern").
    *   Sense 2: `a feeling of sympathy for someone or something` (e.g., "She felt strong concern for those less fortunate").
    *   Sense 3: `something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness` (synonyms: worry, headache, vexation; e.g., "New York traffic is a constant concern").
    *   Sense 4: `a commercial or industrial enterprise` (synonyms: business).
    *   Sense 5: `an anxious feeling` (synonyms: care, fear; e.g., "they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction").

    *   The sentence is: "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media".
    *   Is it a business (Sense 4)? No.
    *   Is it sympathy (Sense 2)? No.
    *   Is it something that interests someone because it's important (Sense 1)? Possibly, but the context is about the *negative* impact on trial fairness.
    *   Is it a source of anxiety/worry (Sense 3) or the feeling of anxiety itself (Sense 5)?
        *   Sense 3: "something or someone that causes anxiety" (the *source*).
        *   Sense 5: "an anxious feeling" (the *emotion*).

    *   "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media."
    *   If we replace "concern" with "worry" (Sense 3 synonym): "There is a general reason for worry about the impact..." (Works well).
    *   If we replace "concern" with "fear" (Sense 5 synonym): "There is a general reason for fear about the impact..." (Works well).
    *   Wait, let's look closer at Sense 3 vs Sense 5.
        *   Sense 3: "something or someone that causes anxiety" (e.g., "New York traffic is a constant concern"). In the sentence "reason for concern", is "concern" the *thing* causing anxiety or the *feeling* of anxiety?
        *   Usually, "reason for concern" refers to the existence of a worrying situation (Sense 3) or the feeling that arises from it (Sense 5).
        *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness".
        *   Let's re-read Sense 5: "an anxious feeling".
        *   In "reason for concern", "concern" is often used as an uncountable noun meaning "worry" or "anxiety".
        *   Example for Sense 3: "New York traffic is a constant concern." (Traffic = the concern).
        *   Example for Sense 5: "they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction." (Fear = the concern).
        *   In "reason for concern", the "concern" is the state of being worried.

    *   Sense 1: "something that interests you because it is important or affects you".
    *   Sense 3: "something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness".
    *   Sense 5: "an anxious feeling".

    Let's look at the phrase "reason for concern".
    If I say "There is reason for concern," I mean there is a reason to be worried.
    Is "concern" here the *feeling* of worry (Sense 5) or the *thing* that is worrying (Sense 3)?
    Actually, in "reason for concern", "concern" usually refers to the feeling of anxiety/worry.

    Let's compare:
    - "The impact of new media is a concern." (Sense 3 - the impact is the source of anxiety).
    - "There is reason for concern about the impact of new media." (Sense 5 - there is reason to feel anxiety).

    Wait, let's check the synonyms again.
    Sense 3: worry, headache, vexation.
    Sense 5: care, fear.

    If we use "worry" in "reason for worry", "worry" can be either the feeling or the thing. But "fear" (Sense 5) fits "reason for fear" perfectly.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 3: "something or someone that causes anxiety".
    If "concern" = "something that causes anxiety", then "reason for [something that causes anxiety]" doesn't make as much sense as "reason for [an anxious feeling]".

    Wait, let me double-check common usage. "Reason for concern" is extremely common.
    If I say "There is reason for concern," I am saying "There is reason to be concerned."
    "Concerned" is the state of feeling anxiety.
    Therefore, "concern" in "reason for concern" is the noun form of that feeling.

    Sense 5: "an anxious feeling" (synonyms: care, fear).
    Sense 3: "something or someone that causes anxiety" (synonyms: worry, headache).

    Let's test Sense 3 again: "New York traffic is a constant concern." (Traffic is the source).
    In the target sentence: "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media."
    The *impact of the new media* is the source of the concern. The *concern* itself is the feeling.

    Therefore, Sense 5 ("an anxious feeling") is a better fit than Sense 3 ("something that causes anxiety").

    Wait, let me look at Sense 1 again: "something that interests you because it is important or affects you".
    "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media."
    This could also mean it's something that should be our interest/attention. But the context of "carnival atmosphere" and "fairness" strongly suggests anxiety/worry.

    Let's re-verify Sense 3 vs Sense 5.
    Sense 3: "something or someone that causes anxiety"
    Sense 5: "an anxious feeling"
    "Reason for concern" -> Reason for [an anxious feeling].
    If it were Sense 3, it would be "Reason for [something that causes anxiety]", which is redundant because the "reason" *is* the "something that causes anxiety".

    Example: "The lack of rain is a cause for concern."
    Here, "concern" is the feeling of worry. The "lack of rain" is the cause.
    So "concern" = "an anxious feeling".

    Sense 5 seems the most accurate.

    Wait, let me check Sense 3 again. "New York traffic is a constant concern."
    In this case, "concern" = "a source of anxiety".
    If we say "The impact of new media is a concern," then "concern" = Sense 3.
    But the sentence is "reason for concern about the impact".
    This means the "impact" is the *reason* for the "concern".
    If the "impact" is the reason, then "concern" must be the *result* (the feeling).

    Sense 5: "an anxious feeling".

    Let's double-check the synonyms for Sense 3: worry, headache, vexation.
    "Reason for worry" (worry as a feeling).
    Wait, "worry" can be both a feeling and a source of anxiety.
    Sense 3 says "something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness".
    Sense 5 says "an anxious feeling".

    In "reason for concern", "concern" is the feeling.

    Let's look at the options one more time.
    1. something that interests you...
    2. feeling of sympathy...
    3. something that causes anxiety...
    4. commercial enterprise...
    5. an anxious feeling...

    The most precise fit for "reason for concern" is "an anxious feeling".

    Wait, let me search for "reason for concern" in a dictionary or corpus.
    Cambridge Dictionary: "concern (noun): a feeling of worry about a situation".
    This matches Sense 5.

    Let's check Sense 3 again: "something that causes anxiety".
    If the sentence was "The impact of new media is a major concern," then Sense 3 would be perfect.
    But "reason for concern about the impact" means the impact is the *cause* and the concern is the *feeling*.

    Final check:
    Context: "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media"
    Sense 5: "an anxious feeling"
    Sense 3: "something or someone that causes anxiety"
    The "impact of the new media" is the thing causing the anxiety.
    The "concern" is the feeling.

    Therefore, Sense 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: impact
Target surface form: impact
Context:
But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the <t>impact</t> of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=impact%1:11:00:: | definition=the striking of one body against another
2. sense_key=impact%1:04:01:: | definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | synonyms=shock | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle
3. sense_key=impact%1:19:00:: | definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | synonyms=wallop | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking; the book packs a wallop
4. sense_key=impact%1:04:00:: | definition=influencing strongly | synonyms=impingement, encroachment | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `impact`
    *   Target surface form: `impact`
    *   Context: "There is a general reason for concern about the <t>impact</t> of the new media" in high-profile trials...
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `impact%1:11:00::`: the striking of one body against another (Physical collision)
        2.  `impact%1:04:01::`: the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat (Combat shock)
        3.  `impact%1:19:00::`: a forceful consequence; a strong effect (Effect/Influence)
        4.  `impact%1:04:00::`: influencing strongly (Impingement/Encroachment)

    *   The sentence is: "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media in high-profile trials."
    *   Here, "impact" refers to the effect or consequence that new media has on the fairness of high-profile trials.

    *   Sense 1 (Physical collision) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (Combat shock) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 3 (Forceful consequence; a strong effect) fits perfectly. Example: "the book had an important impact on my thinking".
    *   Sense 4 (Influencing strongly/impingement) is more about encroachment or intrusion. While related, "impact" in the context of "the impact of [something]" usually maps to the result/effect (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 3: "a forceful consequence; a strong effect".
    *   Context: "the impact of the new media" = the effect of the new media.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trial
Target surface form: trials
Context:
But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile <t>trials</t>, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trial%1:09:00:: | definition=trying something to find out about it | synonyms=trial run, test, tryout | examples=a sample for ten days free trial; a trial of progesterone failed to relieve the pain
2. sense_key=trial%1:11:01:: | definition=(sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications | examples=the trials for the semifinals began yesterday
3. sense_key=trial%1:11:00:: | definition=an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event | synonyms=tribulation, visitation | examples=his mother-in-law's visits were a great trial for him; life is full of tribulations
4. sense_key=trial%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of undergoing testing | synonyms=test | examples=he survived the great test of battle; candidates must compete in a trial of skill
5. sense_key=trial%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of testing something | synonyms=test, run | examples=in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately; he called each flip of the coin a new trial
6. sense_key=trial%1:04:02:: | definition=(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law | examples=he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty; most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `trial`
    *   Target surface form: `trials`
    *   Context: The text discusses court cases, appeals courts, convictions, the Supreme Court, "carnival atmosphere at trial", "courtrooms", and "making trials fairer".
    *   Specific sentence: "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile <t>trials</t>, said John J. Donohue III...

    *   Sense 1: Trying something to find out about it (e.g., free trial, medical trial).
    *   Sense 2: Preliminary sports competition (e.g., Olympic trials).
    *   Sense 3: Annoying/frustrating event (e.g., tribulations).
    *   Sense 4: Act of undergoing testing (e.g., trial of skill).
    *   Sense 5: Act of testing something (e.g., experimental trials).
    *   Sense 6: (law) Determination of innocence or guilt by due process of law (e.g., fair trial, go to trial).

    *   The context is explicitly legal: "appeals courts", "conviction", "Supreme Court", "courtrooms", "fairer".
    *   The word "trials" refers to the legal proceedings to determine guilt or innocence.
    *   This matches Sense 6 perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: connecticut
Target surface form: Connecticut
Context:
But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the <t>Connecticut</t> death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=connecticut%1:15:01:: | definition=one of the British colonies that formed the United States
2. sense_key=connecticut%1:17:00:: | definition=a river in the northeastern United States; flows south from northern New Hampshire along the border between New Hampshire and Vermont and through Massachusetts and Connecticut where it empties into Long Island Sound | synonyms=Connecticut River
3. sense_key=connecticut%1:15:00:: | definition=a New England state; one of the original 13 colonies | synonyms=Nutmeg State, Constitution State, CT

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: connecticut
    *   Target surface form: Connecticut
    *   Context: "...John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the <t>Connecticut</t> death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `connecticut%1:15:01::` (British colony)
        2.  `connecticut%1:17:00::` (River)
        3.  `connecticut%1:15:00::` (New England state)

    *   The phrase is "the Connecticut death penalty".
    *   Death penalty laws are established and enforced by states (political entities), not rivers or former colonies (in the context of a modern law professor's study).
    *   Therefore, "Connecticut" refers to the state of Connecticut.

    *   Sense 1: British colony (historical).
    *   Sense 2: River (geographical feature).
    *   Sense 3: New England state (modern political entity).

    *   Sense 3 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a <t>report</t> that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
2. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
3. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
4. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
5. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
6. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `report`
    *   Target surface form: `report`
    *   Context: "...said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a <t>report</t> that said it was arbitrarily enforced."

    *   Sense 1: `report%1:10:01::` - the act of informing by verbal report (account).
    *   Sense 2: `report%1:10:04::` - a written evaluation of a student's scholarship (report card).
    *   Sense 3: `report%1:11:00::` - a sharp explosive sound (gun firing).
    *   Sense 4: `report%1:10:00::` - a short account of the news (news report, story).
    *   Sense 5: `report%1:10:02::` - an essay (assignment, composition).
    *   Sense 6: `report%1:10:03::` - a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (study, written report).
    *   Sense 7: `report%1:09:00::` - the general estimation that the public has for a person (reputation).

    *   The context says: "...John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced."
    *   The "report" was written by a professor after he "studied" a specific topic (the Connecticut death penalty).
    *   The report contains findings ("said it was arbitrarily enforced").
    *   This matches the definition of a "written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (Sense 6).

    *   Sense 1 (verbal account): No, he "wrote" it.
    *   Sense 2 (report card): No, not about a student.
    *   Sense 3 (explosive sound): No.
    *   Sense 4 (news report): While it could be reported in the news, the act of a professor studying a topic and writing a document about the findings is a formal study/report, not a short news story.
    *   Sense 5 (student essay): No, he is a professor, not a student doing an assignment.
    *   Sense 6 (written document describing findings): Yes, this fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 7 (reputation): No.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: appeal
Target surface form: appeals
Context:
For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some <t>appeals</t> judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer. The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=appeal%1:10:00:: | definition=earnest or urgent request | synonyms=entreaty, prayer | examples=an entreaty to stop the fighting; an appeal for help
2. sense_key=appeal%1:10:02:: | definition=request for a sum of money | synonyms=solicitation, collection, ingathering | examples=an appeal to raise money for starving children
3. sense_key=appeal%1:07:00:: | definition=attractiveness that interests or pleases or stimulates | synonyms=appealingness, charm | examples=his smile was part of his appeal to her
4. sense_key=appeal%1:04:00:: | definition=(law) a legal proceeding in which the appellant resorts to a higher court for the purpose of obtaining a review of a lower court decision and a reversal of the lower court's judgment or the granting of a new trial | examples=their appeal was denied in the superior court

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `appeal`
    *   Target surface form: `appeals`
    *   Context: "Professor Donohue said some <t>appeals</t> judges might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer."
    *   Surrounding context: "appeals courts", "overturned the conviction", "reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction", "higher court", "legal proceeding".

    *   Sense 1: earnest or urgent request (e.g., appeal for help).
    *   Sense 2: request for a sum of money (e.g., appeal to raise money).
    *   Sense 3: attractiveness that interests or pleases (e.g., his smile was part of his appeal).
    *   Sense 4: (law) a legal proceeding in which the appellant resorts to a higher court for the purpose of obtaining a review of a lower court decision...

    *   The word "appeals" modifies "judges".
    *   "Appeals judges" are judges who hear appeals (legal proceedings to review lower court decisions).
    *   The context is entirely legal (courts, convictions, rulings, Supreme Court).
    *   Sense 4 specifically refers to the legal proceeding of appealing a lower court's decision.

    *   Sense 4 is the only one that fits the legal context of "appeals judges" (judges who preside over appeals).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: judge
Target surface form: judges
Context:
For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case. "There is a general reason for concern about the impact of the new media" in high-profile trials, said John J. Donohue III, a Stanford Law School professor who studied the Connecticut death penalty and wrote a report that said it was arbitrarily enforced. Professor Donohue said some appeals <t>judges</t> might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer. The Twitter issue is just one of many outlined by Mr. Hayes's lawyers that are likely to be argued for years, delaying an execution.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=judge%1:18:00:: | definition=a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice | synonyms=justice, jurist
2. sense_key=judge%1:18:01:: | definition=an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality | synonyms=evaluator

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `judge`
    *   Target surface form: `judges`
    *   Context: "Professor Donohue said some appeals <t>judges</t> might be intrigued by the idea that limiting instant communication from courtrooms might make trials fairer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `judge%1:18:00::`: a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice (synonyms: justice, jurist).
        2.  `judge%1:18:01::`: an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality (synonyms: evaluator).

    *   The sentence mentions "appeals judges", "courtrooms", "trials", and "conviction".
    *   The context is clearly legal/judicial.
    *   "Appeals judges" refers to the public officials who preside over appeals courts.

    *   Sense 1: Public official in a court of justice. (Matches perfectly)
    *   Sense 2: Authority estimating worth/quality (e.g., a talent judge). (Does not match)

    *   The correct sense is index 1.