[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involving
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study <t>involving</t> 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
2. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
6. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved
7. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `involve`
    *   Target surface form: `involving`
    *   Context: "...the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study <t>involving</t> 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease..." and "...in a study involving 1,725 patients..."

    *   Sense 1: engage as a participant (e.g., "Don't involve me in your family affairs!")
    *   Sense 2: connect closely and often incriminatingly (e.g., "This new ruling affects your business")
    *   Sense 3: have as a necessary feature (e.g., "This decision involves many changes")
    *   Sense 4: require as useful, just, or proper (e.g., "success usually requires hard work")
    *   Sense 5: contain as a part (e.g., "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses")
    *   Sense 6: make complex or intricate or complicated (adjective/verb)
    *   Sense 7: occupy or engage the interest of (e.g., "His story completely involved me")

    *   The phrase is "a study involving 571 patients".
    *   In this context, "involving" means the study *included* or *had as participants* these patients.
    *   Let's look at the candidate senses again.
    *   Sense 1: "engage as a participant". This fits well. The patients are participants in the study.
    *   Sense 5: "contain as a part". A study "contains" patients as part of its sample.
    *   Sense 3: "have as a necessary feature". Not quite.
    *   Sense 2: "connect closely". Not incriminating.

    *   Sense 1: "engage as a participant".
    *   Sense 5: "contain as a part".
    *   In medical literature, "a study involving X patients" usually means the patients were the participants.
    *   Comparing "engage as a participant" (Sense 1) vs "contain as a part" (Sense 5).
    *   Example for Sense 1: "Don't involve me in your family affairs!" (Active engagement).
    *   Example for Sense 5: "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses" (Composition/inclusion).
    *   A study "involving" patients is more about the composition of the study group (the sample size) than actively "engaging" them in the sense of a social interaction, although they are technically participants.
    *   However, "engage as a participant" is a very strong match for "patients in a study".
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 5: "contain as a part". A study doesn't "contain" patients in the same way a dinner "contains" courses.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "engage as a participant". This is the standard meaning when people are the object of "involve" in a study or project.

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 1 vs Sense 5.
    *   Sense 1: "engage as a participant".
    *   Sense 5: "contain as a part".
    *   If I say "The study involved 500 people", am I saying the study *contained* 500 people or *engaged* 500 people as participants?
    *   Usually, "involve" in the context of a study means the participants were part of the study.
    *   Let's look at other WordNet-style definitions for "involve". Often, "involve" meaning "to include" is mapped to "contain as a part" or "include".
    *   Looking at Sense 1: "engage as a participant". This is often used for people.
    *   Looking at Sense 5: "contain as a part". This is more general.
    *   In "a study involving 571 patients", the patients are the participants.

    *   Sense 1: "engage as a participant"
    *   Sense 5: "contain as a part"
    *   If the context is "a study involving patients", the patients are participants. Sense 1 specifically mentions "participant".

    *   Sense 1: "engage as a participant" -> "Don't involve me in your family affairs!"
    *   Sense 5: "contain as a part" -> "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses"
    *   A study involving patients is very similar to "engaging participants".

    *   Wait, let me think about "contain as a part" again. Does a study "contain" patients? Not really. It "includes" them.
    *   Does it "engage them as participants"? Yes.

    *   Let's check if there's a better fit.
    *   Sense 2: connect closely (no)
    *   Sense 3: necessary feature (no)
    *   Sense 4: require (no)
    *   Sense 6: complex (no)
    *   Sense 7: interest (no)

    *   Between 1 and 5, Sense 1 ("engage as a participant") is much more specific to people in a study.

    *   "a study involving 571 patients"
    *   "a study involving 1,725 patients"
    *   The patients are the participants of the study.
    *   Sense 1: "engage as a participant".

    *   Wait, let me search for "involve" in WordNet for "study involving patients".
    *   Often, "involve" in this sense is listed as "include".
    *   Is "contain as a part" (Sense 5) a synonym for "include"? Yes.
    *   Is "engage as a participant" (Sense 1) a synonym for "include"? Not exactly.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 1: "engage as a participant".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 5: "contain as a part".
    *   If the study "involved" patients, it means the patients were *part of* the study.
    *   Let's look at the example for Sense 5: "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses". The courses are parts of the dinner. The patients are parts of the study's sample.
    *   Let's look at the example for Sense 1: "Don't involve me in your family affairs!". This is more about being drawn into a situation.

    *   Actually, "a study involving X patients" is almost always interpreted as "a study that included X patients".
    *   "Include" is often mapped to "contain as a part".

    *   Let's search for "involve" + "study" + "patients" in a corpus.
    *   "The study involved 100 patients."
    *   This means the study *included* 100 patients.
    *   Does "include" mean "engage as a participant" or "contain as a part"?
    *   In the context of a study, the patients *are* the participants.
    *   However, "contain as a part" (Sense 5) is a broader definition of "include".

    *   Let's re-examine Sense 1: "engage as a participant".
    *   If you "involve" someone in a study, you are engaging them as a participant.
    *   If the study "involves" 500 people, it means it has 500 people as participants.

    *   Let's compare:
        1. "The study involved 500 patients." (The patients were participants).
        2. "The dinner involved six courses." (The courses were parts of the dinner).
        3. "The project involved several stages." (The stages were parts of the project).

    *   In sentence 1, the patients are people. In sentences 2 and 3, the objects are not people.
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "participant".
    *   Sense 5 is "contain as a part".

    *   If I have to choose the *best* sense:
        "Engage as a participant" (Sense 1) is very specific to people.
        "Contain as a part" (Sense 5) is more general.

    *   Let's look at the examples again.
        Sense 1: "Don't involve me in your family affairs!" (This is more like "implicate" or "draw into").
        Sense 5: "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses" (This is "consists of" or "includes").

    *   "A study involving 571 patients" means the study *consisted of* or *included* 571 patients.
    *   This matches Sense 5 ("contain as a part") better than Sense 1 ("engage as a participant" in the sense of "don't involve me in your affairs").

    *   Wait, let me think again. "Engage as a participant" could also mean "to make someone take part in something".
    *   If a study "involves" patients, it means the patients *took part* in the study.
    *   This is exactly what "engage as a participant" means.

    *   Let's try to find this specific WordNet sense mapping.
    *   WordNet `involve.n.01` (or similar):
        - involve (v):
            - engage as a participant (Sense 1)
            - connect closely (Sense 2)
            - have as a necessary feature (Sense 3)
            - require (Sense 4)
            - contain as a part (Sense 5)

    *   If the sentence is "The study involved 500 patients", is it "containing them as a part" or "engaging them as participants"?
    *   In most linguistic datasets (like SemCor), "involve" in the context of "a study involving X people" is often mapped to the sense of "include" or "contain as a part".

    *   Let's double-check Sense 1 again: "engage as a participant".
    *   Example: "Don't involve me in your family affairs!"
    *   This example is about *bringing someone into* a situation, often against their will or in a complicated way.
    *   Sense 5: "contain as a part".
    *   Example: "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses".
    *   This is about the *composition* of the dinner.
    *   A study's composition is its participants.

    *   Let's think about "The study involved 500 patients" vs "The study included 500 patients".
    *   They are interchangeable.
    *   "Include" = "contain as a part".

    *   Let's think about "The study involved 500 patients" vs "The study engaged 500 patients as participants".
    *   They are also similar, but "involved" is more about the composition of the study.

    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. "Engage as a participant".
    *   If you "involve" someone in a crime, you "engage them as a participant" (often incriminatingly, which is Sense 2).
    *   If you "involve" someone in a project, you "engage them as a participant".

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 5 again: "contain as a part".
    *   "The study involved 500 patients."
    *   Is the patient a "part" of the study? Yes, the sample is part of the study.

    *   Let's search for "involve" in a dictionary (like Merriam-Webster).
    *   1. to request the attention or participation of: "involved the whole family in the decision"
    *   2. to include as a part: "the project involves a lot of hard work"
    *   3. to connect with: "he was involved in the robbery"

    *   In "a study involving 571 patients", it's more like "the study included 571 patients".
    *   This matches "include as a part" (Sense 5).

    *   Let's re-verify Sense 1: "engage as a participant".
    *   If the study "involved" the patients, it "engaged" them as participants.
    *   This is also very close.

    *   Let's look at the examples again.
    *   Sense 1: "Don't involve me in your family affairs!"
    *   Sense 5: "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses"

    *   The "family affairs" example is about *bringing someone into* a situation.
    *   The "six courses" example is about *what something consists of*.
    *   "A study involving 571 patients" is about *what the study consists of* (its sample).

    *   Therefore, Sense 5 is a better fit.

    *   Wait, let me search for "involve" in WordNet one more time.
    *   Sense 1: involve (v) - engage as a participant.
    *   Sense 5: involve (v) - contain as a part.
    *   In many contexts, "a study involving X" is treated as "a study including X".
    *   "Include" is a synonym for "contain as a part".

    *   Let's double-check Sense 1 again. "Engage as a participant".
    *   If I say "The study involved 500 patients", am I saying the study *engaged* them? Yes.
    *   But the most natural synonym is "included".

    *   Let's try to find this exact sentence or similar ones in a WSD dataset.
    *   (Searching...)
    *   In many cases, "involve" meaning "include" is mapped to the "contain as a part" sense.

    *   Let's re-read the context: "...in one study involving 571 patients... in a study involving 1,725 patients..."
    *   This is describing the *scope* or *composition* of the study.
    *   "The study involved 571 patients" = "The study's sample consisted of 571 patients."
    *   This matches "contain as a part" (Sense 5).

    *   Let's just be sure it's not Sense 1.
    *   Sense 1: "engage as a participant".
    *   If the study "involved" the patients, it did "engage them as participants".
    *   But "involving 571 patients" is used as an adjective phrase to describe the study.
    *   "A study [that included] 571 patients".
    *   "A study [that contained] 571 patients [as its sample]".

    *   Let's compare "The study involved 500 patients" with "The study engaged 500 patients".
    *   "Engaged" sounds more like the *action* of recruiting them.
    *   "Involved" (in this context) describes the *state* of the study's composition.

    *   Sense 5: "contain as a part".
    *   Example: "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses".
    *   The courses are the components of the dinner.
    *   The patients are the components (the sample) of the study.

    *   This seems like the most consistent fit.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 <t>patients</t> with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `patient`
    *   Target surface form: `patients`
    *   Context: A medical text discussing clinical studies for the drug Alimta (pemetrexed). Specifically, "...one study involving 571 <t>patients</t> with locally advanced or metastatic disease..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `patient%1:18:00::`: a person who requires medical care.
        2.  `patient%1:10:00::`: the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause.

    *   The word "patients" refers to people participating in a clinical study for cancer treatment.
    *   These people have "locally advanced or metastatic disease" and are receiving medical treatment/study.
    *   This clearly fits the definition of "a person who requires medical care."

    *   Sense 1: Medical patient (person).
    *   Sense 2: Linguistic patient (semantic role).

    *   The context is medical, not linguistic. Sense 1 is the correct choice.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: locally
Target surface form: locally
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with <t>locally</t> advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=locally%4:02:01:: | definition=to a restricted area of the body | synonyms=topically | examples=apply this medicine topically
2. sense_key=locally%4:02:00:: | definition=by a particular locality | examples=it was locally decided

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "locally"
    *   Target surface form: "locally"
    *   Context: "...in one study involving 571 patients with <t>locally</t> advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `locally%4:02:01::` (definition: to a restricted area of the body; synonyms: topically)
        2.  `locally%4:02:00::` (definition: by a particular locality)

    *   The phrase is "locally advanced or metastatic disease".
    *   In medical terminology, "locally advanced" refers to a cancer that has grown into nearby tissues but has not yet spread to distant parts of the body (metastasis).
    *   This refers to the *location* or *extent* of the disease within the body.

    *   Sense 1: "to a restricted area of the body" (synonym: topically). This is often used for treatments (e.g., "apply locally"), but in the context of "locally advanced disease," it describes the spread of the disease being restricted to the local area/region of the body.
    *   Sense 2: "by a particular locality" (e.g., "locally decided"). This refers to geographic locations (towns, cities, regions).

    *   "Locally advanced" in oncology means the tumor has spread to nearby lymph nodes or tissues but not to distant organs. This fits the concept of being restricted to a specific area of the body.
    *   Sense 2 (geographic locality) is clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 1 (restricted area of the body) is the correct medical application here.

    *   Sense 1: "to a restricted area of the body".
    *   Context: "locally advanced... disease".
    *   Match: Yes.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: advanced
Target surface form: advanced
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally <t>advanced</t> or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:progressive:01 | definition=ahead of the times | synonyms=forward-looking, innovative, modern | examples=the advanced teaching methods; had advanced views on the subject
2. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:civilized:00 | definition=(of societies) highly developed especially in technology or industry | examples=advanced societies; an advanced country technologically
3. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:front:00 | definition=situated ahead or going before | synonyms=advance, in advance | examples=an advance party; at that time the most advanced outpost was still east of the Rockies
4. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:high-tech:00 | definition=ahead in development; complex or intricate | synonyms=sophisticated | examples=advanced technology; a sophisticated electronic control system
5. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:late:02 | definition=comparatively late in a course of development | examples=the illness had reached an advanced stage; an advanced state of exhaustion
6. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:precocious:00 | definition=farther along in physical or mental development | examples=the child's skeletal age was classified as `advanced'; children in the advanced classes in elementary school read far above grade average
7. sense_key=advanced%5:00:00:late:00 | definition=far along in time | synonyms=ripe | examples=a man of advanced age; advanced in years
8. sense_key=advanced%5:00:02:high:02 | definition=at a higher level in training or knowledge or skill | examples=an advanced degree; an advanced text in physics

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "advanced"
    *   Target surface form: "advanced"
    *   Context: "...in one study involving 571 patients with locally <t>advanced</t> or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past."
    *   Domain: Medical (oncology/cancer treatment).

    *   Sense 1: ahead of the times (innovative, modern).
    *   Sense 2: (of societies) highly developed (technology/industry).
    *   Sense 3: situated ahead or going before (advance party).
    *   Sense 4: ahead in development; complex or intricate (sophisticated technology).
    *   Sense 5: comparatively late in a course of development (e.g., "the illness had reached an advanced stage").
    *   Sense 6: farther along in physical or mental development (precocious child).
    *   Sense 7: far along in time (advanced age).
    *   Sense 8: at a higher level in training or knowledge or skill (advanced degree).

    *   The phrase is "locally advanced or metastatic disease".
    *   In medical terminology, "advanced disease" (especially cancer) refers to a disease that has progressed significantly, spread locally, or metastasized.
    *   This matches Sense 5: "comparatively late in a course of development" with the example "the illness had reached an advanced stage".

    *   Sense 1 (innovative): No.
    *   Sense 2 (societies): No.
    *   Sense 3 (situated ahead): No.
    *   Sense 4 (high-tech): No.
    *   Sense 5 (late in development/illness): Yes.
    *   Sense 6 (precocious): No.
    *   Sense 7 (age): No.
    *   Sense 8 (skill/knowledge): No.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
The active substance in Alimta, pemetrexed, is a cytotoxic medicine (a medicine that kills cells that are dividing, such as cancer cells), which belongs to the group antimetabolites. In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
2. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense
3. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `past`
    *   Target surface form: `past`
    *   Context: "...patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>." and "...patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `past%1:28:01::`: a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret).
        2.  `past%1:10:00::`: a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past.
        3.  `past%1:28:00::`: the time that has elapsed.

    *   The phrase "in the past" refers to a time before the current moment or the start of the study.
    *   It describes whether patients had received chemotherapy previously.

    *   Sense 1: "a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret)". This is usually used for personal history or secrets (e.g., "a dark past"). Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 2: "a verb tense". This is a linguistic term. Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 3: "the time that has elapsed". This refers to the general concept of time before now. "In the past" is a common idiom meaning "at some time in the period before now".

    *   Sense 3 is the only one that fits the general meaning of "previously" or "in former times" in a medical/clinical context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also <t>compared</t> with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
2. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb
3. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
4. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `compare`
    *   Target surface form: `compared`
    *   Context: "Alimta was also <t>compared</t> with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients..."
    *   Overall context: A medical text describing clinical studies where the effects of one drug (Alimta) are evaluated against another (gemcitabine) to see which is more effective (measured by survival time).

    *   Sense 1: `consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous` (liken, equate). Example: "compare the Han dynasty to the Romans". (This is more about metaphor or analogy).
    *   Sense 2: `to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb`. (Grammatical sense).
    *   Sense 3: `be comparable`. Example: "This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes". (This is about quality/status).
    *   Sense 4: `examine and note the similarities or differences of`. Example: "John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes...". (This is about analysis/evaluation).

    *   The text describes clinical trials.
    *   "The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone."
    *   "the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel..."
    *   "Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine..."
    *   The goal is to "examine and note the similarities or differences" (specifically, the difference in effectiveness/survival rates) between the treatments.

    *   Sense 1 (liken/equate) is not correct because they aren't saying Alimta is *like* gemcitabine; they are testing them against each other.
    *   Sense 2 (grammar) is irrelevant.
    *   Sense 3 (be comparable) is usually used in the sense of "cannot compare to" (not as good as). While "compared with" can sometimes overlap, the context here is a scientific study.
    *   Sense 4 (examine similarities/differences) fits perfectly. A clinical trial is a systematic examination to note differences in outcomes.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer <t>medicine</t>), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
2. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
3. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `medicine`
    *   Target surface form: `medicine`
    *   Context: "...the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine)... Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer <t>medicine</t>)..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `medicine%1:06:00::`: something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease (medication, medicament, medicinal drug).
        2.  `medicine%1:04:00::`: the learned profession... (practice of medicine).
        3.  `medicine%1:09:00::`: the branches of medical science... (medical specialty).
        4.  `medicine%1:04:02::`: punishment for one's actions (take your medicine).

    *   The context mentions "docetaxel (another anticancer medicine)" and "gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine)".
    *   Docetaxel and gemcitabine are specific drugs used to treat cancer.
    *   Therefore, "medicine" here refers to a medicinal drug or medication.

    *   Sense 1: "something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease" (medication, medicinal drug). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "the learned profession..." (medical school). Does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: "the branches of medical science..." (medical specialty). Does not fit.
    *   Sense 4: "punishment for one's actions". Does not fit.

    *   The best sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: study
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a <t>study</t> involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
6. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
7. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
8. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
9. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
10. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `study`
    *   Target surface form: `study`
    *   Context: "...Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a <t>study</t> involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses clinical trials for a drug (Alimta), mentioning "one main study in 456 patients", "one study involving 571 patients", and "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."

    *   1: Someone who memorizes quickly (person). (Incorrect)
    *   2: Applying the mind to learning (process/activity). (Incorrect)
    *   3: Composition for technique (music/art). (Incorrect)
    *   4: State of deep mental absorption. (Incorrect)
    *   5: Branch of knowledge (discipline). (Incorrect)
    *   6: A written document describing the findings of some individual or group (report). (Possible, but usually refers to the *paper*).
    *   7: Attentive consideration and meditation. (Incorrect)
    *   8: A room used for reading/writing. (Incorrect)
    *   9: Preliminary drawing (sketch). (Incorrect)
    *   10: A detailed critical inspection (survey). (Possible).

    *   The context refers to clinical trials. A clinical trial is a systematic investigation/inspection to evaluate the effects of a drug.
    *   Sense 6: "a written document describing the findings..."
    *   Sense 10: "a detailed critical inspection" (synonym: survey).
    *   Wait, let's look at the context again: "in a study involving 1,725 patients". This refers to the *investigation* or *trial* itself, not necessarily the written report of it (though the report describes the study).
    *   In medical contexts, "a study" usually refers to the research project/investigation.
    *   Comparing Sense 6 and Sense 10:
        *   Sense 6 is a "written document".
        *   Sense 10 is a "detailed critical inspection" (survey).
    *   Is there a better sense? Let's re-examine the list.
    *   Actually, looking at WordNet's structure (though not provided here, I'm recalling), "study" as a clinical trial often falls under "detailed critical inspection" or "investigation".
    *   Let's check Sense 10 again: "a detailed critical inspection" (synonym: survey).
    *   Let's check Sense 6 again: "a written document describing the findings".
    *   The sentence "in a study involving 1,725 patients" describes the *process* or the *group* being studied, which fits "detailed critical inspection" (Sense 10) better than "written document" (Sense 6). You don't usually say "a written document involving 1,725 patients"; you say "a study involving 1,725 patients".

    *   Sense 10: "a detailed critical inspection" (synonym: survey).
    *   In many WordNet versions, "study" as in "a scientific study" is mapped to a sense like "a detailed investigation". Sense 10's "detailed critical inspection" is the closest match for a clinical trial/scientific investigation.

    *   Sense 6: "a written document describing the findings..."
    *   Sense 10: "a detailed critical inspection"
    *   Context: "in a study involving 1,725 patients".
    *   The "study" here is the clinical trial. A clinical trial is an investigation/inspection of the drug's effects.

    *   Sense 10 is the best fit for a scientific/medical study (investigation).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involving
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study <t>involving</t> 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
2. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
5. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved
6. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
7. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `involve`
    *   Target surface form: `involving`
    *   Context: "...in a study <t>involving</t> 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `contain as a part` (e.g., Dinner involves six courses)
        2.  `occupy or engage the interest of` (e.g., His story involved me)
        3.  `require as useful, just, or proper` (e.g., success requires hard work)
        4.  `engage as a participant` (e.g., Don't involve me in your family affairs!)
        5.  `make complex or intricate or complicated` (e.g., The situation was rather involved)
        6.  `connect closely and often incriminatingly` (e.g., This new ruling affects your business)
        7.  `have as a necessary feature` (e.g., This decision involves many changes)

    *   The sentence is: "...in a study involving 1,725 patients..."
    *   In this context, "involving" describes the participants of the study.
    *   The study "involved" 1,725 patients. This means the patients were participants in the study.

    *   Sense 1: `contain as a part`. A study doesn't "contain" patients as a part in the same way a dinner contains courses.
    *   Sense 2: `occupy or engage the interest of`. Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: `require as useful, just, or proper`. Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: `engage as a participant`. This fits perfectly. The study engaged 1,725 patients as participants.
    *   Sense 5: `make complex`. Not applicable.
    *   Sense 6: `connect closely and often incriminatingly`. Not applicable.
    *   Sense 7: `have as a necessary feature`. Not applicable.

    *   "A study involving X patients" is a standard way of saying "A study that had X patients as participants."
    *   Sense 4: `engage as a participant`.

    *   Sense 1 (contain as a part) is sometimes used for components of a process, but "participants" are specifically people engaged in an activity.
    *   Sense 4 is the most precise fit for people in a study.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 <t>patients</t> who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `patient`
    *   Target surface form: `patients`
    *   Context: A medical text discussing clinical studies of the drug Alimta (pemetrexed) for treating malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. It mentions studies involving "456 patients", "571 patients", and "1,725 patients".
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `patient%1:18:00::`: a person who requires medical care.
        2.  `patient%1:10:00::`: the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause.

    *   The word "patients" refers to the people participating in the clinical trials for the drug Alimta.
    *   These people have diseases (mesothelioma, lung cancer) and are receiving medical treatment (chemotherapy).
    *   This clearly matches the definition of "a person who requires medical care".

    *   Sense 1: Medical patient. (Matches)
    *   Sense 2: Linguistic/semantic role. (Does not match)

    *   The correct sense index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the <t>past</t>. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense
2. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
3. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `past`
    *   Target surface form: `past`
    *   Context: "...in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the <t>past</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `past%1:10:00::`: a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past (past tense).
        2.  `past%1:28:00::`: the time that has elapsed (past times, yesteryear).
        3.  `past%1:28:01::`: an earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret).

    *   The sentence is: "...patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past."
    *   "In the past" here refers to the time preceding the study. It means "previously" or "at any time before now."

    *   Sense 1: Verb tense. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: The time that has elapsed. (Fits well: "in the past" = during the time that has elapsed before the current point).
    *   Sense 3: An earlier period in someone's life (often secret). (Incorrect: This is about medical history, not a secret personal history).

    *   Sense 2 is the general term for time gone by. "In the past" is a common idiom meaning "previously."

    *   Sense 2: "the time that has elapsed" (synonyms: past times, yesteryear).
    *   Sense 3: "a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret)".
    *   The context is medical history. While it is a period in the patients' lives, it's not a "secret" or a "personal history" in the sense of Sense 3. It's simply the time before the study.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three <t>studies</t>, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
2. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
3. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
4. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
6. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
7. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
8. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
9. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing
10. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `study`
    *   Target surface form: `studies`
    *   Context: "How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients... In all three <t>studies</t>, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
    *   The word "studies" refers to the clinical trials/investigations conducted to test the effectiveness of the drug Alimta.

    *   1: a state of deep mental absorption (Incorrect)
    *   2: a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (Synonyms: report, written report) (Possible, but usually refers to the paper itself)
    *   3: attentive consideration and meditation (Incorrect)
    *   4: a room used for reading and writing (Incorrect)
    *   5: preliminary drawing (Incorrect)
    *   6: applying the mind to learning (Incorrect)
    *   7: a detailed critical inspection (Synonyms: survey) (Possible, as a clinical study is a detailed inspection/investigation)
    *   8: someone who memorizes quickly (Incorrect)
    *   9: a composition for technique (Incorrect)
    *   10: a branch of knowledge (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 2: "a written document describing the findings..."
    *   Sense 7: "a detailed critical inspection" (Synonym: survey)

    Looking at the context: "Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients... In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
    In medical contexts, a "study" is an investigation or a clinical trial. While the results are published in a "written document" (Sense 2), the "study" itself is the process of investigation/inspection of the drug's effects.

    Wait, let's re-evaluate Sense 2 vs Sense 7.
    Sense 2: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group"
    Sense 7: "a detailed critical inspection"

    In the sentence "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived," the "studies" are the clinical trials. A clinical trial is a systematic investigation (inspection) to determine the efficacy of a drug.

    Let's check if there's a better fit.
    Sense 2 is often used for the published paper.
    Sense 7 is "a detailed critical inspection".

    Actually, looking at WordNet's structure (though not provided here, I recall), "study" as a clinical trial often falls under "investigation" or "survey". Sense 7's synonym "survey" fits the idea of a systematic examination.

    Let's re-read Sense 2: "a written document describing the findings".
    The text says "Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients". This refers to the trial itself, not just the paper.

    Is there any other sense?
    Sense 7: "a detailed critical inspection".

    Let's compare "study" (clinical trial) with "detailed critical inspection".
    A clinical trial is a detailed inspection of the drug's effects.

    Let's double-check Sense 2 again. "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale". This often refers to the research project *and* the resulting paper.

    However, "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived" refers to the design of the research projects.

    Let's look at Sense 7 again: "a detailed critical inspection".
    If I search for "study" in WordNet, usually "study" as in "scientific study" is categorized as an investigation.

    Wait, let me look at the candidate senses again.
    Sense 2: a written document describing the findings...
    Sense 7: a detailed critical inspection...

    In the context of "one main study in 456 patients", it's the investigation/trial. "Detailed critical inspection" (Sense 7) is a closer fit for the act of investigating than "written document" (Sense 2).

    Let's re-verify.
    Sense 2: report, written report.
    Sense 7: survey.

    A clinical trial is more like a survey/inspection of a population than a written report (though it results in one).

    Let's check if "study" as in "clinical study" is typically mapped to Sense 2 or Sense 7 in these datasets.
    Often, "study" meaning "a scientific investigation" is mapped to the sense of "detailed inspection" or "investigation".

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale". This is very similar to how scientific studies are cited.
    But the context "one main study in 456 patients" describes the *conduct* of the study (the number of patients), not the document.

    Therefore, Sense 7 ("a detailed critical inspection") is a better fit for the investigation itself.

    Wait, let me think again. Is "detailed critical inspection" really the best fit for a clinical trial?
    A clinical trial is a systematic investigation. "Inspection" can mean "the act of examining something".

    Let's look at Sense 2 again. "a written document describing the findings".
    If the text says "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was...", it could be referring to the documents. But it's more likely referring to the trials.

    Let's search for "study" in WordNet again.
    study (noun)
    - a room...
    - a preliminary drawing...
    - a state of deep mental absorption...
    - attentive consideration...
    - applying the mind to learning...
    - a branch of knowledge...
    - a detailed critical inspection (survey)
    - a written document describing the findings...
    - someone who memorizes...
    - a composition...

    Comparing "detailed critical inspection" and "written document describing the findings".
    "Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients".
    You don't study something "in a written document"; you study something "in a trial/investigation".
    The "study" is the investigation.

    Thus, Sense 7 is the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: main
Target surface form: main
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the <t>main</t> measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=main%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=most important element | synonyms=chief, primary, principal, master | examples=the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass
2. sense_key=main%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=of force; of the greatest possible intensity | examples=by main strength
3. sense_key=main%3:00:02:: | definition=(of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence | synonyms=independent | examples=the main (or independent) clause in a complex sentence has at least a subject and a verb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `main`
    *   Target surface form: `main`
    *   Context: "In all three studies, the <t>main</t> measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `main%5:00:00:important:00`: most important element (synonyms: chief, primary, principal, master).
        2.  `main%5:00:00:intense:00`: of force; of the greatest possible intensity.
        3.  `main%3:00:02::`: (of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence.

    *   The sentence is: "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
    *   Here, "main" modifies "measure of effectiveness".
    *   It means the *primary* or *most important* measure used to determine effectiveness.

    *   Sense 1: "most important element" (chief, primary, principal). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "of force; of the greatest possible intensity". This does not fit (e.g., "main strength").
    *   Sense 3: "(of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone". This is a linguistic term and does not fit.

    *   The best fit is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: measure
Target surface form: measure
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main <t>measure</t> of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=measure%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals; used as a reference in making measurements | synonyms=measuring stick, measuring rod
2. sense_key=measure%1:03:00:: | definition=how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify | synonyms=quantity, amount
3. sense_key=measure%1:10:01:: | definition=(prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse | synonyms=meter, metre, beat, cadence
4. sense_key=measure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule | synonyms=measurement, measuring, mensuration | examples=the measurements were carefully done; his mental measurings proved remarkably accurate
5. sense_key=measure%1:10:00:: | definition=musical notation for a repeating pattern of musical beats | synonyms=bar | examples=the orchestra omitted the last twelve bars of the song
6. sense_key=measure%1:04:01:: | definition=any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal | synonyms=step | examples=the situation called for strong measures; the police took steps to reduce crime
7. sense_key=measure%1:10:02:: | definition=a statute in draft before it becomes law | synonyms=bill | examples=they held a public hearing on the bill
8. sense_key=measure%1:10:03:: | definition=a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated | synonyms=standard, criterion, touchstone | examples=the schools comply with federal standards; they set the measure for all subsequent work
9. sense_key=measure%1:06:01:: | definition=a container of some standard capacity that is used to obtain fixed amounts of a substance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `measure`
    *   Target surface form: `measure`
    *   Context: "In all three studies, the main <t>measure</t> of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "measure" refers to the metric or criterion used to determine if the treatment was effective (survival time).

    *   Sense 1: Measuring instrument (e.g., ruler). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Quantity or amount. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Prosody/meter in verse. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: The act or process of assigning numbers (measurement). (Incorrect - this is the *action*, not the *criterion*)
    *   Sense 5: Musical notation (bar). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Maneuver/step toward a goal. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Statute/bill. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: A basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated (standard, criterion, touchstone). (Correct - "how long the patients survived" is the criterion/standard for effectiveness).
    *   Sense 9: Container of standard capacity. (Incorrect)

    *   The sentence says "the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
    *   This fits perfectly with "a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated" (Sense 8). Synonyms like "criterion" or "standard" fit well here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: long
Target surface form: long
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how <t>long</t> the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=long%4:02:03:: | definition=for an extended distance
2. sense_key=long%4:02:00:: | definition=for an extended time or at a distant time | examples=a promotion long overdue; something long hoped for

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "long"
    *   Target surface form: "long"
    *   Context: "...the main measure of effectiveness was how <t>long</t> the patients survived."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `long%4:02:03::` (for an extended distance)
        2.  `long%4:02:00::` (for an extended time or at a distant time)

    *   The phrase is "how long the patients survived."
    *   "Survived" refers to the duration of life/existence.
    *   "How long" in this context refers to the amount of time.

    *   Sense 1: "for an extended distance" (spatial)
    *   Sense 2: "for an extended time or at a distant time" (temporal)

    *   The context is clearly temporal (survival time).
    *   Sense 2 is the correct match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the <t>patients</t> survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `patient`
    *   Target surface form: `patients`
    *   Context: A medical text discussing studies on the drug Alimta for treating malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. The specific sentence is: "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the <t>patients</t> survived."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `patient%1:18:00::`: a person who requires medical care.
        2.  `patient%1:10:00::`: the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause.

    *   The context is clearly medical.
    *   The "patients" mentioned are the people participating in clinical trials for cancer treatments (Alimta, cisplatin, docetaxel, gemcitabine).
    *   These people are receiving medical care/treatment.
    *   Sense 1 describes a person requiring medical care.
    *   Sense 2 describes a linguistic/semantic role (the "patient" in a sentence).

    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 is a technical term in linguistics and does not fit the context of a medical study.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survive
Target surface form: survived
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients <t>survived</t>. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survive%2:42:03:: | definition=live longer than | synonyms=outlive, outlast | examples=She outlived her husband by many years
2. sense_key=survive%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
3. sense_key=survive%2:42:00:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, live, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
4. sense_key=survive%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) | synonyms=pull through, pull round, come through, make it | examples=He survived the cancer against all odds

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `survive`
    *   Target surface form: `survived`
    *   Context: "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients <t>survived</t>."
    *   Domain: Medical study (oncology - Alimta, chemotherapy, lung cancer, mesothelioma).

    *   Sense 1: `live longer than` (outlive, outlast). Example: "She outlived her husband." (Comparative survival).
    *   Sense 2: `continue to live through hardship or adversity` (last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up). Example: "We went without water and food for 3 days." (General endurance/persistence).
    *   Sense 3: `support oneself` (exist, live, subsist). Example: "he could barely exist on such a low wage." (Financial/basic needs).
    *   Sense 4: `continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)` (pull through, pull round, come through, make it). Example: "He survived the cancer against all odds." (Recovery/survival of a specific event).

    *   The sentence is "how long the patients survived."
    *   In medical trials (especially oncology), "overall survival" (OS) refers to the length of time from the start of treatment (or diagnosis) until death from any cause.
    *   It's not about outliving someone else (Sense 1).
    *   It's not about financial support (Sense 3).
    *   It's not specifically about "pulling through" or recovering from the cancer (Sense 4), although it's related. "How long they survived" refers to the duration of their life after the intervention.
    *   Sense 2: "continue to live through hardship or adversity" (synonyms: last, live, live on). In the context of a terminal illness, "surviving" is the act of continuing to live despite the disease.

    *   Sense 2: "continue to live through hardship or adversity" (synonyms: last, live).
    *   Sense 4: "continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)" (synonyms: pull through, make it).
    *   Wait, let's look closer. "How long the patients survived" is a measure of time.
    *   Sense 2 synonyms include "last" and "live". "How long they lasted" or "how long they lived".
    *   Sense 4 is more about the *outcome* of a specific event (e.g., "He survived the crash").
    *   In clinical trials, "survival" is the duration of life. Sense 2's definition "continue to live through hardship or adversity" fits the context of living with a disease.

    *   Sense 1: Comparative (No)
    *   Sense 2: Continue to live (Yes - "how long they lived")
    *   Sense 3: Subsist (No)
    *   Sense 4: Recover/Pull through (No - "how long" implies a duration, not just a binary outcome of surviving the event).

    *   Sense 2: "continue to live through hardship or adversity" (synonyms: last, live, live on).
    *   Sense 4: "continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)" (synonyms: pull through, make it).
    *   If the sentence was "The patients survived the cancer," Sense 4 would be strong.
    *   But "how long the patients survived" refers to the duration of their life. Sense 2's "continue to live" and "last" fit the temporal aspect ("how long") better.

    *   Sense 2: "continue to live through hardship or adversity"
    *   Sense 4: "continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)"
    *   Actually, looking at WordNet's structure for `survive`:
        *   `survive` (verb)
            *   `survive` (continue to live) -> Sense 2
            *   `survive` (outlive) -> Sense 1
            *   `survive` (pull through) -> Sense 4
            *   `survive` (subsist) -> Sense 3
    *   In "how long the patients survived", the meaning is "how long they continued to live". This aligns best with Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: benefit
Target surface form: benefit
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What <t>benefit</t> has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=benefit%1:21:00:: | definition=financial assistance in time of need
2. sense_key=benefit%1:07:00:: | definition=something that aids or promotes well-being | synonyms=welfare | examples=for the benefit of all
3. sense_key=benefit%1:10:00:: | definition=a performance to raise money for a charitable cause

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `benefit`
    *   Target surface form: `benefit`
    *   Context: A medical text discussing clinical trials for a drug called Alimta. It asks, "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?" and answers, "Alimta increased the survival time of patients..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `benefit%1:21:00::`: financial assistance in time of need.
        2.  `benefit%1:07:00::`: something that aids or promotes well-being (synonym: welfare).
        3.  `benefit%1:10:00::`: a performance to raise money for a charitable cause.

    *   The context is about the effectiveness of a drug (Alimta) in increasing survival time for cancer patients.
    *   "Benefit" here refers to the positive outcome or advantage gained from the treatment.
    *   Sense 1 (financial assistance) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 3 (charity performance) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (something that aids or promotes well-being) fits best, as increasing survival time is a positive outcome that promotes well-being/health.

    *   Sense 2: "something that aids or promotes well-being". This aligns with the medical context of a drug providing a positive health outcome.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: shown
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta <t>shown</t> during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
2. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
5. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
6. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
9. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
10. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
11. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show
12. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `show`
    *   Target surface form: `shown`
    *   Context: "What benefit has Alimta <t>shown</t> during the studies?"
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses clinical studies of a drug (Alimta) for treating cancer, comparing its effectiveness (survival time) against other treatments.

    *   Sense 1: give evidence of, as of records (e.g., diary shows distress).
    *   Sense 2: show in a picture (depict, render).
    *   Sense 3: provide evidence for (testify, bear witness, prove, evidence) (e.g., blood test showed fatherhood).
    *   Sense 4: be or become visible or noticeable (show up).
    *   Sense 5: give expression to (express, evince).
    *   Sense 6: take someone to their seats (usher).
    *   Sense 7: indicate a place, direction, person, or thing (indicate, point).
    *   Sense 8: indicate a certain reading (gauges/instruments).
    *   Sense 9: make visible or noticeable (show talent, show etchings).
    *   Sense 10: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment (prove, demonstrate, establish) (e.g., experiment demonstrated instability).
    *   Sense 11: finish third or better in a race.
    *   Sense 12: give an exhibition of to an interested audience (demo, exhibit).

    *   The sentence asks: "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?"
    *   The "studies" are clinical trials (experiments).
    *   The "benefit" is the result/outcome (increased survival time).
    *   The drug "showed" a benefit, meaning the results of the clinical trials *demonstrated* or *established* that the drug was beneficial.

    *   Sense 3: "provide evidence for" (e.g., blood test showed...). This is close.
    *   Sense 10: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment" (e.g., experiment demonstrated...). This fits perfectly because the context is clinical studies (experiments) establishing the effectiveness (validity of the benefit) of the drug.

    *   Sense 3 is often used for a specific test result (like a blood test).
    *   Sense 10 is specifically about establishing validity through an experiment or study.
    *   The context mentions "three studies" and "main measure of effectiveness." This strongly aligns with "establish the validity... by an experiment."

    *   Sense 10: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment"
    *   Context: "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?"
    *   This matches the "experiment" part of the definition.