[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and <t>other</t> cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail
4. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "other"
    *   Target surface form: "other"
    *   Context: "...even as Chicago and <t>other</t> cities are moving to institute it."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `other%5:00:02:past:00`: belonging to the distant past (early, former).
        2.  `other%5:00:00:past:00`: recently past (e.g., the other evening).
        3.  `other%5:00:00:strange:00`: very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected.
        4.  `other%3:00:00::`: not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied.

    *   The phrase is "Chicago and other cities".
    *   "Other" here refers to cities that are not Chicago.
    *   It indicates additional entities of the same type (cities) besides the one already mentioned (Chicago).

    *   Sense 1: Distant past. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Recently past. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Strange/unusual. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied. (Correct - "other cities" means cities other than Chicago).

    *   The target word "other" in "Chicago and other cities" fits perfectly with sense 4.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: city
Target surface form: cities
Context:
They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other <t>cities</t> are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=city%1:15:01:: | definition=an incorporated administrative district established by state charter | examples=the city raised the tax rate
2. sense_key=city%1:14:00:: | definition=people living in a large densely populated municipality | synonyms=metropolis | examples=the city voted for Republicans in 1994
3. sense_key=city%1:15:00:: | definition=a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts | synonyms=metropolis, urban center | examples=Ancient Troy was a great city

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `city`
    *   Target surface form: `cities`
    *   Context: "...Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious... New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other <t>cities</t> are moving to institute it."
    *   Candidate Senses:
        1.  `city%1:15:01::`: an incorporated administrative district established by state charter (administrative/legal entity).
        2.  `city%1:14:00::`: people living in a large densely populated municipality (the population/residents).
        3.  `city%1:15:00::`: a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts (the physical/geographic urban area).

    *   The sentence says: "...Chicago and other <t>cities</t> are moving to institute it."
    *   "It" refers to the "system of school governance" (specifically, locally elected school boards).
    *   The context discusses "locally elected school boards," "local politicians," and "school governance."
    *   When a "city" institutes a system of governance, it is acting as an administrative/legal entity (the municipal government).

    *   Sense 1: "an incorporated administrative district established by state charter". This fits perfectly because the context is about governance, school boards, and political administration.
    *   Sense 2: "people living in a large densely populated municipality". While people vote, the "city" as an entity institutes the system.
    *   Sense 3: "a large and densely populated urban area". This refers to the physical place/metropolis, not the administrative body that institutes laws or governance systems.

    *   The context mentions "locally elected school boards" and "local politicians."
    *   The action is "moving to institute [a system of school governance]."
    *   This action is performed by the administrative body of the city.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 (incorporated administrative district) is the most precise fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: institute
Target surface form: institute
Context:
They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to <t>institute</t> it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=institute%2:36:00:: | definition=advance or set forth in court; , | synonyms=bring | examples=bring charges; institute proceedings
2. sense_key=institute%2:36:01:: | definition=set up or lay the groundwork for | synonyms=establish, found, plant, constitute | examples=establish a new department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `institute`
    *   Target surface form: `institute`
    *   Context: "...New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to <t>institute</t> it."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `institute%2:36:00::`: advance or set forth in court (synonym: bring; examples: bring charges, institute proceedings).
        2.  `institute%2:36:01::`: set up or lay the groundwork for (synonyms: establish, found, plant, constitute; example: establish a new department).

    *   The sentence discusses "this system of school governance" (locally elected school boards).
    *   New York is disengaging from it.
    *   Chicago and other cities are moving to "institute it" (the system of school governance).
    *   In this context, "institute" means to establish, set up, or implement the system.

    *   Sense 1 is specifically about legal proceedings (court, charges). This does not fit "system of school governance."
    *   Sense 2 is about setting up or establishing something (a department, a system). This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In <t>most</t> states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%3:00:02:: | definition=(superlative of `many' used with count nouns and often preceded by `the') quantifier meaning the greatest in number | examples=who has the most apples?; most people like eggs
2. sense_key=most%3:00:01:: | definition=the superlative of `much' that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by `the'; a quantifier meaning the greatest in amount or extent or degree | examples=made the most money he could; what attracts the most attention?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "most"
    *   Target surface form: "most"
    *   Context: "In <t>most</t> states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Superlative of 'many' (count nouns, greatest in number). Example: "most people like eggs".
        2.  Superlative of 'much' (mass nouns, greatest in amount/extent/degree). Example: "made the most money he could".

    *   The word "most" modifies "states".
    *   "States" is a count noun (you can count one state, two states, etc.).
    *   The meaning is "the majority of states" or "the greatest number of states".

    *   Sense 1: Superlative of 'many', used with count nouns, meaning greatest in number. (Matches "most states").
    *   Sense 2: Superlative of 'much', used with mass nouns, meaning greatest in amount/extent/degree. (Does not match "states").

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: expenditure
Target surface form: expenditures
Context:
If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing <t>expenditures</t> on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=expenditure%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of consuming something | synonyms=consumption, using up
2. sense_key=expenditure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of spending money for goods or services | synonyms=expending
3. sense_key=expenditure%1:21:00:: | definition=money paid out; an amount spent | synonyms=outgo, spending, outlay

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `expenditure`
    *   Target surface form: `expenditures`
    *   Context: "In most states, increasing <t>expenditures</t> on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `expenditure%1:04:01::`: the act of consuming something (consumption, using up).
        2.  `expenditure%1:04:00::`: the act of spending money for goods or services (expending).
        3.  `expenditure%1:21:00::`: money paid out; an amount spent (outgo, spending, outlay).

    *   The sentence discusses "increasing expenditures on education".
    *   It refers to the amount of money being put into the education system.
    *   The context mentions "the influence of money is minimal", reinforcing that "expenditures" refers to the money itself.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of consuming something" (too broad, not specifically about money).
    *   Sense 2: "the act of spending money" (focuses on the *action* of spending).
    *   Sense 3: "money paid out; an amount spent" (focuses on the *amount* of money).

    *   "Increasing expenditures" usually refers to increasing the *amount* of money spent, rather than increasing the *act* of spending.
    *   Synonyms for Sense 3: "spending", "outlay". "Increasing spending on education" is a perfect fit.

    *   Sense 3 is the most accurate description of "expenditures" in the context of budget/funding for education.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on <t>education</t>, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
2. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
3. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
4. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `education`
    *   Target surface form: `education`
    *   Context: "In most states, increasing expenditures on <t>education</t>, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal."

    *   Sense 1: `education%1:04:01` - the profession of teaching.
    *   Sense 2: `education%1:04:00` - the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill (synonyms: instruction, teaching, pedagogy).
    *   Sense 3: `education%1:09:00` - knowledge acquired by learning and instruction.
    *   Sense 4: `education%1:09:01` - the gradual process of acquiring knowledge.
    *   Sense 5: `education%1:07:01` - the result of good upbringing (social behavior).
    *   Sense 6: `education%1:14:00` - the US federal department.

    *   The sentence says "increasing expenditures on education". This refers to the system, the activity, or the process of providing instruction.
    *   The next sentence says "Education takes place in the classroom". This strongly suggests the *activity* of teaching/instructing (Sense 2) rather than the *result* (Sense 3), the *process* of acquiring (Sense 4), the *profession* (Sense 1), or the *department* (Sense 6).
    *   "Expenditures on education" usually refers to the funding of the activities of educating/instructing.

    *   Sense 1 (Profession): "Expenditures on the profession of teaching" is possible, but "Education takes place in the classroom" doesn't fit "the profession" as well as it fits "the activity".
    *   Sense 2 (Activities of educating/instructing): "Expenditures on the activities of educating" and "The activities of educating take place in the classroom." This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 3 (Knowledge acquired): "Expenditures on knowledge acquired" doesn't make much sense.
    *   Sense 4 (Process of acquiring): "Expenditures on the process of acquiring knowledge" is possible, but Sense 2 (the activity of instructing) is a better fit for "expenditures" and "takes place in the classroom" (where the *teaching* happens).
    *   Sense 5 (Upbringing): Not applicable.
    *   Sense 6 (Department): "Expenditures on the Department of Education" is possible, but "The Department of Education takes place in the classroom" is incorrect.

    *   The context emphasizes the *act* of teaching/instructing happening in the classroom.
    *   Sense 2: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill".

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: circumstance
Target surface form: circumstances
Context:
If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current <t>circumstances</t>, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=circumstance%1:11:00:: | definition=formal ceremony about important occasions | examples=pomp and circumstance
2. sense_key=circumstance%1:09:00:: | definition=information that should be kept in mind when making a decision | synonyms=condition, consideration | examples=another consideration is the time it would take
3. sense_key=circumstance%1:26:01:: | definition=a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity
4. sense_key=circumstance%1:26:02:: | definition=the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event | synonyms=context, setting | examples=the historical context

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `circumstance`
    *   Target surface form: `circumstances`
    *   Context: "In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current <t>circumstances</t>, will probably make things worse, not better."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `circumstance%1:11:00::`: formal ceremony about important occasions (e.g., pomp and circumstance).
        2.  `circumstance%1:09:00::`: information that should be kept in mind when making a decision (synonyms: condition, consideration).
        3.  `circumstance%1:26:01::`: a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity.
        4.  `circumstance%1:26:02::`: the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event (synonyms: context, setting).

    *   The sentence says: "In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better."
    *   "Current circumstances" refers to the general state of affairs, the prevailing conditions, or the overall situation in which the decision to increase expenditures is being considered.

    *   Sense 1 (ceremony): Clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (information/consideration): This is more about a specific piece of information used in a decision process ("another consideration is the time it would take"). While "circumstances" can be considerations, "current circumstances" usually refers to the state of the world.
    *   Sense 3 (a condition that accompanies or influences): This is a singular condition.
    *   Sense 4 (the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event): This fits "current circumstances" perfectly. It refers to the overall context or setting (the "set of facts").

    *   Sense 3: "a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity"
    *   Sense 4: "the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event" (synonyms: context, setting)
    *   "In our current circumstances" refers to the overall situation/context of the time. Sense 4 is the most comprehensive fit for the plural "circumstances" used to describe the general state of affairs.

    *   Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: probably
Target surface form: probably
Context:
If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will <t>probably</t> make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=probably%4:02:00:: | definition=with considerable certainty; without much doubt | synonyms=likely, in all likelihood, in all probability, belike | examples=He is probably out of the country; in all likelihood we are headed for war
2. sense_key=probably%4:02:01:: | definition=easy to believe on the basis of available evidence | synonyms=credibly, believably, plausibly | examples=he talked plausibly before the committee; he will probably win the election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `probably`
    *   Target surface form: `probably`
    *   Context: "In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will <t>probably</t> make things worse, not better."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `probably%4:02:00::`: with considerable certainty; without much doubt (synonyms: likely, in all likelihood).
        2.  `probably%4:02:01::`: easy to believe on the basis of available evidence (synonyms: credibly, believably, plausibly).

    *   The sentence is making a prediction/assertion about the outcome of increasing expenditures on education: "will probably make things worse, not better."
    *   The author is expressing a high degree of likelihood or probability that this outcome will occur.

    *   Sense 1: "with considerable certainty; without much doubt" (likely). This fits perfectly. The author believes it is likely that increasing expenditures will make things worse.
    *   Sense 2: "easy to believe on the basis of available evidence" (credibly, plausibly). This sense is more about the *believability* of a claim rather than the *likelihood* of an event occurring. While related, "probably" in the context of "will probably make things worse" is a standard expression of probability/likelihood.

    *   "He is probably out of the country" (Sense 1) matches the structure "will probably make things worse."
    *   "He will probably win the election" is listed under Sense 2 in the provided prompt, but wait... let me re-read the prompt's examples.
    *   Prompt Sense 2 example: "he will probably win the election".
    *   Wait, "he will probably win the election" usually means "it is likely he will win" (Sense 1). Let me look at the synonyms for Sense 2: "credibly, believably, plausibly".
    *   If Sense 2 is "credibly/plausibly", then "he will probably win the election" as an example for Sense 2 is slightly confusing, but the *definition* "easy to believe on the basis of available evidence" is the key.
    *   However, in the target sentence "will probably make things worse", the author is predicting a future outcome based on their analysis. This is the classic use of "probably" meaning "likely".

    *   Sense 1: likely, in all likelihood.
    *   Sense 2: credibly, believably, plausibly.
    *   "will probably make things worse" $\approx$ "will likely make things worse".

    *   Sense 1 is the standard meaning of "probably" when predicting an outcome. Sense 2 is a more niche meaning related to plausibility.

    *   The target sentence is a prediction of a likely outcome. Sense 1 ("with considerable certainty; without much doubt") is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: make
Context:
If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably <t>make</t> things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
2. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
3. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
4. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
5. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
6. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
7. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
8. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
9. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
10. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
11. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
12. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
15. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
16. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
17. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
18. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
19. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
20. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
21. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
22. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
23. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
24. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug
25. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
26. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
27. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
28. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
29. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
30. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
31. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
32. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
33. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
34. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
35. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
36. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
37. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
38. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
39. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
40. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
41. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
42. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
43. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
44. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
45. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
46. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
47. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
48. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
49. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `make`
    *   Target surface form: `make`
    *   Context: "In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably <t>make</t> things worse, not better."

    *   The sentence says "increasing expenditures... will probably make things worse".
    *   Here, "make" means to cause something to be in a certain state (worse).
    *   It's about changing the quality or property of "things" (the situation).

    *   Sense 1: `give certain properties to something` (examples: "get someone mad", "made us look silly"). This fits well. "Make things worse" is giving the property of being "worse" to "things".
    *   Sense 15: `give rise to; cause to happen or occur` (examples: "cause a commotion", "make a stir"). This is more about causing an event than changing a state.
    *   Sense 35: `make or cause to be or to become` (examples: "make a mess", "create a furor"). This is similar to Sense 1, but "make a mess" is more about creating a state/object.
    *   Sense 38: `cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner` (examples: "induced me to buy a VCR"). This is about causing an action.
    *   Sense 32: `compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way` (examples: "Heat makes you sweat"). This is also about causing an action/reaction.

    *   Sense 1: `give certain properties to something` (Synonym: `get`). Example: "get someone mad". "Make things worse" is very similar to "get someone mad" (changing the state/property of the object).
    *   Sense 35: `make or cause to be or to become`. Example: "make a mess". "Make things worse" could fit here, but "worse" is an adjective describing the state, not a noun like "mess".
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 1: "give certain properties to something". "Worse" is a property.

    *   "Make things worse" $\rightarrow$ "Give the property of being worse to things".
    *   Compare with "get someone mad" (Sense 1). "Mad" is a property/state.
    *   Compare with "make a mess" (Sense 35). "Mess" is a noun.

    *   Sense 1: `give certain properties to something` (get someone mad).
    *   Sense 35: `make or cause to be or to become` (make a mess).
    *   Sense 15: `give rise to; cause to happen or occur` (cause a commotion).

    In "make things worse", "worse" is an adjective. Sense 1 specifically mentions giving properties.

    *   Sense 1: `give certain properties to something` (get someone mad).
    *   Sense 35: `make or cause to be or to become` (make a mess).
    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 35 again: "make or cause to be or to become". "Make things worse" fits "cause to become worse".
    *   However, Sense 1's example "get someone mad" is almost identical in structure to "make things worse" (Verb + Object + Adjective).

    Let's double-check Sense 1 again: `give certain properties to something`.
    Example: "get someone mad", "made us look silly".
    "Make things worse" $\rightarrow$ "Give the property of being worse to things".

    Let's check Sense 35 again: `make or cause to be or to become`.
    Example: "make a mess in one's office", "create a furor".
    These examples are Verb + Object (Noun).

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit for Verb + Object + Adjective.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: thing
Target surface form: things
Context:
If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make <t>things</t> worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=thing%1:06:01:: | definition=an entity that is not named specifically | examples=I couldn't tell what the thing was
2. sense_key=thing%1:12:00:: | definition=a persistent illogical feeling of desire or aversion | examples=he has a thing about seafood; she has a thing about him
3. sense_key=thing%1:06:00:: | definition=an artifact | examples=how does this thing work?
4. sense_key=thing%1:04:00:: | definition=an action | examples=how could you do such a thing?
5. sense_key=thing%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement regarded as an object | examples=to say the same thing in other terms; how can you say such a thing?
6. sense_key=thing%1:07:00:: | definition=any attribute or quality considered as having its own existence | examples=the thing I like about her is ...
7. sense_key=thing%1:09:01:: | definition=a special objective | examples=the thing is to stay in bounds
8. sense_key=thing%1:03:00:: | definition=a separate and self-contained entity
9. sense_key=thing%1:09:00:: | definition=a special abstraction | examples=a thing of the spirit; things of the heart
10. sense_key=thing%1:11:00:: | definition=an event | examples=a funny thing happened on the way to the...
11. sense_key=thing%1:26:00:: | definition=a special situation | examples=this thing has got to end; it is a remarkable thing
12. sense_key=thing%1:09:02:: | definition=a vaguely specified concern | synonyms=matter, affair | examples=several matters to attend to; it is none of your affair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `thing`
    *   Target surface form: `things`
    *   Context: "In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make <t>things</t> worse, not better."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "make things worse" is a common idiom. "Things" refers to the general state of affairs, the situation, or the circumstances.

    *   1: an entity that is not named specifically (too generic)
    *   2: a persistent illogical feeling of desire or aversion (incorrect)
    *   3: an artifact (incorrect)
    *   4: an action (incorrect)
    *   5: a statement regarded as an object (incorrect)
    *   6: any attribute or quality (incorrect)
    *   7: a special objective (incorrect)
    *   8: a separate and self-contained entity (too generic)
    *   9: a special abstraction (incorrect)
    *   10: an event (incorrect)
    *   11: a special situation (examples: "this thing has got to end"; "it is a remarkable thing")
    *   12: a vaguely specified concern (synonyms: matter, affair; examples: "several matters to attend to")

    *   "Make things worse" refers to the overall situation or state of affairs.
    *   Sense 11: "a special situation"
    *   Sense 12: "a vaguely specified concern" (synonyms: matter, affair)

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 11 and Sense 12.
    Sense 11: "a special situation" (e.g., "this thing has got to end").
    Sense 12: "a vaguely specified concern" (synonyms: matter, affair).

    In "make things worse", "things" refers to the general state of affairs or the situation.
    Looking at WordNet's typical usage for "things" in "how are things?", it often maps to "situation" or "state of affairs".

    Let's check Sense 11 again: "a special situation".
    Let's check Sense 12 again: "a vaguely specified concern" (matter, affair).

    Actually, "make things worse" is very similar to "make the situation worse".
    Between 11 and 12:
    Sense 11: "a special situation"
    Sense 12: "a vaguely specified concern" (matter, affair)

    Wait, let's look at Sense 11's examples: "this thing has got to end". This refers to a situation.
    Sense 12's examples: "several matters to attend to". This refers to tasks or concerns.

    "Make things worse" refers to the general state of affairs (the situation). Sense 11 seems closer to "situation".

    Let's double-check if there's a better fit.
    Sense 1: entity not named specifically.
    Sense 8: separate and self-contained entity.
    Sense 11: a special situation.
    Sense 12: a vaguely specified concern.

    In the phrase "make things worse", "things" is used in a general sense to mean "the state of affairs".
    Comparing "situation" (11) and "matter/affair" (12).
    "The situation is getting worse" vs "The matter is getting worse".
    "Things are getting worse" is a very common way to describe a situation.

    Let's look at Sense 11 again: "a special situation".
    Let's look at Sense 12 again: "a vaguely specified concern".

    Actually, looking at other WordNet-based datasets or common mappings:
    "Things" in "how are things?" or "make things worse" often maps to the sense of "situation" or "state of affairs".

    Is "a special situation" (11) the same as "the state of affairs"?
    Is "a vaguely specified concern" (12) the same as "the state of affairs"?

    Let's re-read Sense 11: "a special situation". Example: "this thing has got to end".
    Let's re-read Sense 12: "a vaguely specified concern". Synonyms: "matter, affair". Example: "several matters to attend to".

    "Make things worse" -> "Make the situation worse".
    "Things" here is plural. "Make situations worse"? No, it's the general state of affairs.

    Let's consider if Sense 11 is the best fit.
    Sense 11: "a special situation".
    Sense 12: "a vaguely specified concern".

    If I search for "make things worse" in a dictionary, it often refers to the "state of affairs".
    Between "situation" and "matter/affair", "situation" is a better fit for the general state of things.

    Wait, let me look at the senses again.
    11: a special situation
    12: a vaguely specified concern (matter, affair)

    Actually, "things" in "make things worse" is often categorized as "the state of affairs".
    Looking at the provided options, Sense 11 ("a special situation") is the closest to "state of affairs".

    Let's double-check Sense 12 again. "a vaguely specified concern". "Matter" and "affair" can sometimes mean situation (e.g., "the state of affairs"). But "several matters to attend to" suggests tasks.

    Let's re-examine Sense 11: "a special situation". "this thing has got to end". This fits the "state of affairs" meaning better.

    Wait, let me think about Sense 11 vs Sense 12 one more time.
    "Things" (plural) in "make things worse" = the general situation.
    Sense 11: "a special situation".
    Sense 12: "a vaguely specified concern".

    If I have to choose one, Sense 11 feels more like "the situation".

    Let's check if there are any other options.
    Sense 1: entity not named specifically. (Too broad)
    Sense 8: separate and self-contained entity. (Too broad)

    Let's look at Sense 11 again. "a special situation".
    Let's look at Sense 12 again. "a vaguely specified concern".

    Actually, in many WordNet versions, "thing" as in "the state of affairs" is listed.
    Let's see:
    thing.n.01: an entity...
    thing.n.02: an object...
    thing.n.03: a situation... (This matches Sense 11)
    thing.n.04: a matter... (This matches Sense 12)

    In "make things worse", "things" refers to the general situation.
    Sense 11: "a special situation"
    Sense 12: "a vaguely specified concern"

    Let's try to see which one is more common for "make things worse".
    "Make the situation worse" (Sense 11)
    "Make the matter worse" (Sense 12)

    Both are possible. However, "things" in the plural ("make things worse") almost always refers to the general situation/state of affairs.

    Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 11: "this thing has got to end" (the situation)
    Sense 12: "several matters to attend to" (tasks/concerns)

    "Make things worse" is more about the situation than about specific matters to attend to.

    Therefore, Sense 11 is the most likely candidate.

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 11's definition: "a special situation".
    And Sense 12's definition: "a vaguely specified concern".

    If I say "things are looking up", I mean the situation is improving.
    If I say "make things worse", I mean make the situation worse.

    Let's compare "situation" (11) and "concern/matter/affair" (12).
    "The situation is bad" vs "The matter is bad".
    "Things are bad" (Situation).

    I will go with Sense 11.

    Wait, let me re-read Sense 12: "a vaguely specified concern | synonyms=matter, affair | examples=several matters to attend to; it is none of your affair".
    "It is none of your affair" -> "It is none of your business/concern".
    "Several matters to attend to" -> "Several things to do".

    This doesn't fit "make things worse" as well as "situation" does.

    Let's re-read Sense 11: "a special situation | examples=this thing has got to end; it is a remarkable thing".
    "This thing has got to end" -> "This situation has got to end".
    "Make things worse" -> "Make the situation worse".

    This seems like a better fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worse
Target surface form: worse
Context:
If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things <t>worse</t>, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bad%5:00:02:unsound:00 | definition=not financially safe or secure | synonyms=bad, risky, high-risk, speculative | examples=a bad investment; high risk investments
2. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:unhealthy:00 | definition=physically unsound or diseased | synonyms=bad, unfit, unsound | examples=has a bad back; a bad heart
3. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=very intense | synonyms=bad, big | examples=a bad headache; in a big rage
4. sense_key=bad%3:00:00:: | definition=having undesirable or negative qualities | synonyms=bad | examples=a bad report card; his sloppy appearance made a bad impression
5. sense_key=worse%3:00:00:: | definition=(comparative of `bad') inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability | examples=this road is worse than the first one we took; the road is in worse shape than it was
6. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:stale:00 | definition=(of foodstuffs) not in an edible or usable condition | synonyms=bad, spoiled, spoilt | examples=bad meat; a refrigerator full of spoilt food
7. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:nonstandard:03 | definition=nonstandard | synonyms=bad | examples=so-called bad grammar
8. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:evil:00 | definition=characterized by wickedness or immorality | synonyms=bad | examples=led a very bad life
9. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=below average in quality or performance | synonyms=bad | examples=a bad chess player; a bad recital
10. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:uncomfortable:00 | definition=feeling physical discomfort or pain (`tough' is occasionally used colloquially for `bad') | synonyms=bad, tough | examples=my throat feels bad; she felt bad all over
11. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:harmful:00 | definition=capable of harming | synonyms=bad | examples=bad air; smoking is bad for you
12. sense_key=worse%3:00:02:: | definition=changed for the worse in health or fitness | synonyms=worsened | examples=I feel worse today; her cold is worse
13. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:invalid:00 | definition=not capable of being collected | synonyms=bad, uncollectible | examples=a bad (or uncollectible) debt
14. sense_key=regretful%3:00:00:: | definition=feeling or expressing regret or sorrow or a sense of loss over something done or undone | synonyms=regretful, sorry, bad | examples=felt regretful over his vanished youth; regretful over mistakes she had made
15. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:malfunctioning:00 | definition=not working properly | synonyms=bad, defective | examples=a bad telephone connection; a defective appliance
16. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:counterfeit:00 | definition=reproduced fraudulently | synonyms=bad, forged | examples=like a bad penny...; a forged twenty dollar bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `worse`
    *   Target surface form: `worse`
    *   Context: "In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things <t>worse</t>, not better."
    *   Meaning: The situation (things) will become more undesirable or of lower quality/condition.

    *   1: `bad%5:00:02:unsound:00` (financially unsafe) - No.
    *   2: `bad%5:00:00:unhealthy:00` (physically unsound/diseased) - No.
    *   3: `bad%5:00:00:intense:00` (very intense) - No.
    *   4: `bad%3:00:00::` (undesirable or negative qualities) - This is the base adjective "bad".
    *   5: `worse%3:00:00::` (comparative of `bad`) "inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability". Examples: "this road is worse than the first one", "the road is in worse shape than it was".
    *   6: `bad%5:00:00:stale:00` (foodstuffs) - No.
    *   7: `bad%5:00:00:nonstandard:03` (nonstandard grammar) - No.
    *   8: `bad%5:00:00:evil:00` (wickedness/immorality) - No.
    *   9: `bad%5:00:00:inferior:02` (below average quality/performance) - No.
    *   10: `bad%5:00:00:uncomfortable:00` (physical discomfort) - No.
    *   11: `bad%5:00:00:harmful:00` (capable of harming) - No.
    *   12: `worse%3:00:02::` (changed for the worse in health or fitness) - No (this is specifically about health/fitness).
    *   13: `bad%5:00:00:invalid:00` (uncollectible debt) - No.
    *   14: `regretful%3:00:00::` (feeling regret) - No.
    *   15: `bad%5:00:00:malfunctioning:00` (not working properly) - No.
    *   16: `bad%5:00:00:counterfeit:00` (fraudulent) - No.

    *   The sentence says "make things worse, not better."
    *   "Things" refers to the general situation of education/expenditures.
    *   "Worse" here is the comparative of "bad" (meaning undesirable/negative).
    *   Sense 5 is the general comparative of "bad" (inferior in quality, condition, or desirability).
    *   Sense 12 is a specific comparative of "bad" related to health/fitness.

    *   Sense 5: `worse%3:00:00::` (comparative of `bad`) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability.
    *   This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 4 is the base form "bad".
    *   Sense 5 is the comparative "worse".
    *   The target word is "worse".

    *   Sense 5 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: better
Target surface form: better
Context:
If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not <t>better</t>. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=good%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=not forged | synonyms=good, honest | examples=a good dollar bill
2. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthful:00 | definition=tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health | synonyms=good, salutary | examples=beneficial effects of a balanced diet; a good night's sleep
3. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fresh:01 | definition=not left to spoil | synonyms=good, undecomposed, unspoiled, unspoilt | examples=the meat is still good
4. sense_key=well%5:00:00:advisable:00 | definition=wise or advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=well | examples=it would be well to start early
5. sense_key=better%3:00:02:: | definition=(comparative of `good') changed for the better in health or fitness | examples=her health is better now; I feel better
6. sense_key=good%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=thorough | synonyms=good | examples=had a good workout; gave the house a good cleaning
7. sense_key=good%5:00:00:intellectual:00 | definition=appealing to the mind | synonyms=good, serious | examples=good music; a serious book
8. sense_key=full%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | synonyms=full, good | examples=gives full measure; gives good measure
9. sense_key=better%5:00:00:advisable:00 | definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=best | examples=it would be better to speak to him; the White House thought it best not to respond
10. sense_key=good%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=capable of pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=good looks
11. sense_key=good%5:00:00:opportune:00 | definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | synonyms=good, right, ripe | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes; the right time to act
12. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=resulting favorably | synonyms=good, well | examples=it's a good thing that I wasn't there; it is good that you stayed
13. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=effective, good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
14. sense_key=good%3:00:01:: | definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | synonyms=good | examples=good news from the hospital; a good report card
15. sense_key=good%5:00:00:righteous:00 | definition=of moral excellence | synonyms=good, just, upright | examples=a genuinely good person; a just cause
16. sense_key=better%5:00:00:major:01 | definition=more than half | examples=argued for the better part of an hour
17. sense_key=good%5:00:00:discriminating:00 | definition=generally admired | synonyms=good | examples=good taste
18. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=resulting favorably | synonyms=good, well | examples=it's a good thing that I wasn't there; it is good that you stayed
19. sense_key=estimable%5:00:00:reputable:00 | definition=deserving of esteem and respect | synonyms=estimable, good, honorable, respectable | examples=all respectable companies give guarantees; ruined the family's good name
20. sense_key=dear%5:00:00:close:02 | definition=with or in a close or intimate relationship | synonyms=dear, good, near | examples=a good friend; my sisters and brothers are near and dear
21. sense_key=beneficial%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=promoting or enhancing well-being | synonyms=beneficial, good | examples=an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries; the beneficial effects of a temperate climate
22. sense_key=better%3:00:00:: | definition=(comparative of `good') superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another | examples=You're a better man than I am, Gunga Din; a better coat
23. sense_key=dependable%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially sound | synonyms=dependable, good, safe, secure | examples=a good investment; a secure investment
24. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=in excellent physical condition | synonyms=good, sound | examples=good teeth; I still have one good leg
25. sense_key=good%3:00:02:: | definition=morally admirable | synonyms=good
26. sense_key=well%3:00:01:: | definition=in good health especially after having suffered illness or injury | synonyms=well | examples=appears to be entirely well; the wound is nearly well
27. sense_key=good%5:00:00:nice:00 | definition=agreeable or pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=we all had a good time; good manners
28. sense_key=adept%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful | examples=adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 22}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 22}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `better`
    *   Target surface form: `better`
    *   Context: "In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not <t>better</t>."
    *   Meaning: The sentence is contrasting "worse" and "better" in the context of the state of "things" (the situation regarding education expenditures). It means making the situation more desirable, superior, or improved.

    *   1: genuine (not forged) - No.
    *   2: healthful (physical well-being) - No.
    *   3: fresh (not spoiled) - No.
    *   4: advisable (wise/advantageous) - This is for "well" (adverbial/predicative).
    *   5: better (comparative of good - health/fitness) - No.
    *   6: complete (thorough) - No.
    *   7: intellectual (appealing to mind) - No.
    *   8: ample (expected amount) - No.
    *   9: better (comparative of well - wiser/more advantageous) - This is often used as "it would be better to...".
    *   10: pleasing (capable of pleasing) - No.
    *   11: opportune (suitable) - No.
    *   12: fortunate (resulting favorably) - No.
    *   13: effective (exerting force) - No.
    *   14: good (desirable or positive qualities) - This is the base form "good".
    *   15: righteous (moral excellence) - No.
    *   16: better (more than half) - No.
    *   17: discriminating (admired) - No.
    *   18: fortunate (resulting favorably) - No.
    *   19: reputable (deserving esteem) - No.
    *   20: close (intimate relationship) - No.
    *   21: beneficial (promoting well-being) - This is "beneficial/good".
    *   22: better (comparative of `good`) superior to another in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability.
    *   23: sound (financially sound) - No.
    *   24: healthy (physical condition) - No.
    *   25: morally admirable - No.
    *   26: well (good health) - No.
    *   27: nice (agreeable) - No.
    *   28: adept (skilled) - No.

    *   The sentence says "make things worse, not better."
    *   "Worse" is the comparative of "bad".
    *   "Better" is the comparative of "good".
    *   In this context, "better" means "more desirable" or "of higher quality/excellence" regarding the state of "things" (the situation).
    *   Sense 22: `(comparative of 'good') superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability`. This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 9 is the comparative of `well` (advisable). "It would be better to speak to him."
    *   Sense 22 is the comparative of `good` (superior in quality/desirability). "Make things better."
    *   The context "make things worse, not better" refers to the quality/desirability of the situation ("things").

    *   Sense 22 is the most accurate fit for "make things better".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reason
Context:
-- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The <t>reason</t> is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
2. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
5. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `reason`
    *   Target surface form: `reason`
    *   Context: "In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The <t>reason</t> is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal."

    *   Sense 1: `reason%1:10:01::` - an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon.
    *   Sense 2: `reason%1:26:00::` - the state of having good sense and sound judgment (rationality).
    *   Sense 3: `reason%1:09:00::` - the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination (intellect).
    *   Sense 4: `reason%1:10:00::` - a justification for something existing or happening (cause, grounds).
    *   Sense 5: `reason%1:16:00::` - a rational motive for a belief or action (ground).
    *   Sense 6: `reason%1:09:01::` - a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion.

    *   The sentence says: "The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom..."
    *   The "reason" refers back to the previous statement: "increasing expenditures on education... will probably make things worse, not better."
    *   The author is providing an *explanation* for why increasing expenditures won't help.

    *   Sense 1: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon". (Fits well: the phenomenon is that increasing expenditures makes things worse).
    *   Sense 4: "a justification for something existing or happening". (Less about explanation, more about justification/cause).
    *   Sense 5: "a rational motive for a belief or action". (Not a motive for an action, but an explanation for a result).
    *   Sense 6: "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion". (This is close, as the author is justifying a conclusion).

    *   Sense 1 is specifically about an *explanation of the cause*.
    *   Sense 4 is about *justification/cause*.
    *   Sense 6 is about a *fact that justifies a premise/conclusion*.
    *   In the context "The reason is simple: [Explanation]", the word "reason" is used to introduce the explanation for the previously stated claim. This aligns most closely with Sense 1 ("an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon").

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon".
    *   Let's look at Sense 4: "a justification for something existing or happening".
    *   Let's look at Sense 6: "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion".
    *   The author says "increasing expenditures... will probably make things worse... The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom..."
    *   The "reason" here is the *explanation* for the claim.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 6: Sense 1 is an explanation of a cause. Sense 6 is a fact that justifies a conclusion.
    *   The claim "increasing expenditures... will probably make things worse" is a conclusion/prediction. The "reason" provided ("Education takes place in the classroom...") is the fact/explanation that supports that conclusion.
    *   However, in common usage, "The reason is [that]..." usually introduces an explanation.
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 1's example: "the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly". This is almost identical in structure to the target sentence.

    *   Sense 1: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon"
    *   Target: "The reason [why increasing expenditures make things worse] is simple: Education takes place in the classroom..."
    *   This matches the structure and meaning of Sense 1 perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: simple
Target surface form: simple
Context:
-- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is <t>simple</t>: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: | definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples=a simple problem; simple mechanisms
2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00 | definition=lacking mental capacity and subtlety | synonyms=dim-witted, simple-minded
3. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00 | definition=exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity | synonyms=childlike, wide-eyed, round-eyed, dewy-eyed | examples=childlike trust; dewy-eyed innocence
4. sense_key=simple%3:00:01:: | definition=(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions | synonyms=unsubdivided
5. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 | definition=easy and not involved or complicated | synonyms=elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic | examples=an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson
6. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 | definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | synonyms=bare, mere | examples=only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea
7. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=unornamented | examples=a simple country schoolhouse; her black dress--simple to austerity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "simple"
    *   Context: "The reason is <t>simple</t>: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal."
    *   Meaning: The author is stating that the explanation for why increasing expenditures won't help is straightforward, not complex, and easy to understand.

    *   Sense 1: "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved" (e.g., a simple problem).
    *   Sense 2: "lacking mental capacity and subtlety" (dim-witted).
    *   Sense 3: "exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity" (naive).
    *   Sense 4: "(botany) of leaf shapes".
    *   Sense 5: "easy and not involved or complicated" (elementary, uncomplicated).
    *   Sense 6: "apart from anything else; without additions or modifications" (bare, mere).
    *   Sense 7: "unornamented" (plain).

    *   The context "The reason is simple" means the reason is not complex or complicated.
    *   Sense 1 ("not complex or complicated or involved") and Sense 5 ("easy and not involved or complicated") are very similar.
    *   Sense 1 focuses on the structure (few parts, not complex).
    *   Sense 5 focuses on the ease of understanding or execution (easy, elementary).
    *   In the phrase "The reason is simple," it usually means the explanation is straightforward/not complex.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 5:
        *   Sense 1: "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved"
        *   Sense 5: "easy and not involved or complicated"
    *   Usually, "a simple reason" refers to one that is not complex (Sense 1). Sense 5 is often used for tasks or problems that are "easy" to solve.
    *   Let's look at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "a simple problem; simple mechanisms"
        *   Sense 5: "an elementary problem in statistics"
    *   In "The reason is simple," the author is saying the logic is straightforward. This aligns best with "not complex or complicated" (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: not complex or complicated.
    *   Sense 5: easy.
    *   While "easy" is close, "not complex" is the primary meaning when describing a reason or an explanation.

    *   Sense 1: `simple%3:00:02::` (not complex)
    *   Sense 5: `simple%5:00:00:easy:01` (easy)
    *   The context "The reason is simple" is a classic usage of "not complex."

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 1 and Sense 5.
    *   Sense 1: "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved"
    *   Sense 5: "easy and not involved or complicated"
    *   Actually, in many WordNet-based datasets, "The reason is simple" maps to the "not complex" sense.

    *   Sense 1: not complex.
    *   Sense 5: easy.
    *   If a reason is "simple," it means it's not complicated. This fits Sense 1 perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: `simple%3:00:02::`
    *   Sense 2: `simple%5:00:00:retarded:00`
    *   Sense 3: `simple%5:00:00:naive:00`
    *   Sense 4: `simple%3:00:01::`
    *   Sense 5: `simple%5:00:00:easy:01`
    *   Sense 6: `simple%5:00:02:plain:01`
    *   Sense 7: `simple%5:00:00:plain:01`

    *   The reason is not complex. -> Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: Education
Context:
-- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: <t>Education</t> takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department
2. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
3. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
4. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "education"
    *   Target surface form: "Education"
    *   Context: "In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: <t>Education</t> takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal."

    *   Sense 1: US federal department (Department of Education). (Incorrect: The context refers to the process/activity, not the government agency).
    *   Sense 2: The profession of teaching. (Incorrect: The context is about where the act of educating happens, not the career).
    *   Sense 3: The activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill. (Strong candidate: "Education takes place in the classroom" refers to the activity of teaching/learning).
    *   Sense 4: Knowledge acquired by learning and instruction. (Incorrect: Knowledge doesn't "take place in the classroom"; the *process* of acquiring it does).
    *   Sense 5: Result of good upbringing/social behavior. (Incorrect: Not about social breeding).
    *   Sense 6: The gradual process of acquiring knowledge. (Possible, but Sense 3 focuses more on the *activities* of instructing, which fits "takes place in the classroom" slightly better in the context of expenditures and school governance).

    *   The sentence says: "Education takes place in the classroom..."
    *   This refers to the *act* or *activity* of teaching and learning.
    *   Sense 3: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill".
    *   Sense 6: "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge".
    *   Comparing 3 and 6: Sense 3 is more about the *instructional activity* (which happens in a classroom), whereas Sense 6 is the broader *process* of acquiring knowledge (which can happen anywhere, over a lifetime). Given the context of "expenditures on education" and "classroom," Sense 3 (instruction/teaching) is the most precise fit.

    *   Sense 3: activities of educating/instructing.
    *   Context: "Education takes place in the classroom".
    *   This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: influence
Target surface form: influence
Context:
-- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the <t>influence</t> of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=influence%1:09:00:: | definition=a cognitive factor that tends to have an effect on what you do | examples=her wishes had a great influence on his thinking
2. sense_key=influence%1:04:00:: | definition=causing something without any direct or apparent effort
3. sense_key=influence%1:18:00:: | definition=one having power to influence another | examples=she was the most important influence in my life; he was a bad influence on the children
4. sense_key=influence%1:19:00:: | definition=the effect of one thing (or person) on another | examples=the influence of mechanical action
5. sense_key=influence%1:07:00:: | definition=a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc | examples=used her parents' influence to get the job

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `influence`
    *   Target surface form: `influence`
    *   Context: "...Education takes place in the classroom, where the <t>influence</t> of money is minimal."

    *   Sense 1: `a cognitive factor that tends to have an effect on what you do` (Focuses on cognitive/psychological factors affecting behavior).
    *   Sense 2: `causing something without any direct or apparent effort` (This looks like a definition for the verb "influence" or a very specific noun usage, but the phrasing is odd for a noun).
    *   Sense 3: `one having power to influence another` (Refers to a person).
    *   Sense 4: `the effect of one thing (or person) on another` (General effect/impact).
    *   Sense 5: `a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc` (Focuses on power/clout/leverage).

    *   The sentence is: "...where the influence of money is minimal."
    *   Here, "influence of money" refers to the effect that money has on the educational process in the classroom.
    *   Is it a "cognitive factor" (Sense 1)? No.
    *   Is it a "person" (Sense 3)? No.
    *   Is it "power based on prestige" (Sense 5)? While money is power, the context is about the *effect* money has on the outcome (academic performance), not necessarily using money to pull strings (prestige/clout).
    *   Is it "the effect of one thing (or person) on another" (Sense 4)? Yes. The effect of money on the classroom environment/learning.

    *   Sense 4: "the effect of one thing (or person) on another" (Example: "the influence of mechanical action"). This fits perfectly. "The influence of money" = "the effect of money".
    *   Sense 5: "a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc". This usually refers to social capital or political clout (e.g., "using one's influence to get a job"). While money provides power, the sentence is discussing the *impact* (or lack thereof) of spending more money on education.

    *   The author is arguing that increasing expenditures (money) doesn't help because money doesn't have much *effect* (influence) inside the classroom. This aligns best with Sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: money
Target surface form: money
Context:
-- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of <t>money</t> is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=money%1:21:02:: | definition=wealth reckoned in terms of money | examples=all his money is in real estate
2. sense_key=money%1:21:00:: | definition=the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender | examples=we tried to collect the money he owed us
3. sense_key=money%1:21:01:: | definition=the official currency issued by a government or national bank | examples=he changed his money into francs

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "money"
    *   Target surface form: "money"
    *   Context: "...Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of <t>money</t> is minimal."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `money%1:21:02::`: wealth reckoned in terms of money (e.g., "all his money is in real estate")
        2.  `money%1:21:00::`: the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender (e.g., "we tried to collect the money he owed us")
        3.  `money%1:21:01::`: the official currency issued by a government or national bank (e.g., "he changed his money into francs")

    *   The sentence is discussing expenditures on education and the impact of funding/spending on academic performance.
    *   "the influence of money is minimal" in the classroom refers to financial resources, funding, or wealth allocated to education.

    *   Sense 3 (official currency) is too narrow (it's about specific currencies like francs).
    *   Sense 2 (medium of exchange/legal tender) refers to the physical or digital currency used for transactions.
    *   Sense 1 (wealth reckoned in terms of money) refers to financial resources, assets, or funding.

    *   In the context of "increasing expenditures on education" and "the influence of money," the author is talking about financial resources/funding (wealth/capital) rather than the physical coins/bills (medium of exchange) or a specific national currency.
    *   Sense 1 ("wealth reckoned in terms of money") best captures the idea of financial resources or funding.

    *   Sense 1: Wealth/Financial resources.
    *   Sense 2: Cash/Medium of exchange.
    *   Sense 3: Currency.
    *   The context "increasing expenditures" and "influence of money" points toward financial resources/wealth.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decade
Target surface form: Decades
Context:
Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. <t>Decades</t> of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decade%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 10 years | synonyms=decennary, decennium
2. sense_key=decade%1:23:00:: | definition=the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system | synonyms=ten, 10, X, tenner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `decade`
    *   Target surface form: `Decades`
    *   Context: "Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `decade%1:28:00::` - a period of 10 years.
        2.  `decade%1:23:00::` - the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system.

    *   The sentence says "Decades of educational research".
    *   This refers to a length of time (multiple periods of 10 years).
    *   It does not refer to the number 10 itself or the base of the decimal system.

    *   Sense 1: "a period of 10 years" (Fits perfectly).
    *   Sense 2: "the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one" (Does not fit).

    *   The correct sense index is 1.