[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: gives
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London <t>gives</t> an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
2. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
3. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
4. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
5. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
6. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
7. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
8. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
9. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
10. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
11. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
12. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
13. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
14. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister
15. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
16. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
17. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
18. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
19. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
20. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
21. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
22. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
23. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
24. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
25. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
26. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
27. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
28. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
29. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
30. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
31. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
32. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
33. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
34. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
35. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
36. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
37. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
38. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
39. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
40. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
41. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
42. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
43. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
44. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 33}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 33}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `give`
    *   Target surface form: `gives`
    *   Context: "A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London <t>gives</t> an idea of the work involved."
    *   Meaning: In this sentence, "a look... gives an idea" means that observing the practice provides or conveys an understanding/idea of the work involved.

    *   1: contribute to some cause (No)
    *   2: perform for an audience (No)
    *   3: be flexible under stress (No)
    *   4: give entirely to a person/cause (No)
    *   5: transfer possession (No)
    *   6: give food to (No)
    *   7: cause to have (abstract/physical) (e.g., "gave him a black eye") (No)
    *   8: break down (No)
    *   9: place into hands/custody (No)
    *   10: cause to happen/responsible for (e.g., "gave the team the victory") (No)
    *   11: bring about (establish) (No)
    *   12: give medicine (No)
    *   13: give or convey physically (apply) (No)
    *   14: proffer a body part (No)
    *   15: submit for consideration (No)
    *   16: allow to have or take (No)
    *   17: leave with temporarily (No)
    *   18: deliver in exchange (No)
    *   19: convey or reveal information (e.g., "Give one's name") (Maybe, but "gives an idea" is more about providing a sense of something)
    *   20: move in order to make room (No)
    *   21: manifest or show (e.g., "gives promise of real creativity", "gave evidence of tampering") (Strong candidate: "gives an idea" is similar to "gives evidence" or "shows")
    *   22: present to view (No)
    *   23: afford access to (No)
    *   24: accord by verdict (No)
    *   25: propose (No)
    *   26: give as a present (No)
    *   27: dedicate (No)
    *   28: convey or communicate (smile, look, gesture) (No)
    *   29: offer in good faith (No)
    *   30: occur (No)
    *   31: execute and deliver (No)
    *   32: consent to sexual intercourse (No)
    *   33: be the cause or source of (synonyms: yield, afford; example: "Our meeting afforded much interesting information") (Strong candidate: "A look... gives an idea" is very similar to "Our meeting afforded much interesting information")
    *   34: emit or utter (No)
    *   35: guide or direct (No)
    *   36: transmit knowledge or skills (No)
    *   37: bestow officially (No)
    *   38: organize or be responsible for (No)
    *   39: endure the loss of (No)
    *   40: inflict as a punishment (No)
    *   41: convey (compliment, regards, attention) (No)
    *   42: estimate duration/outcome (No)
    *   43: bestow (render) (No)
    *   44: give or supply (render, yield, generate) (No)

    *   Sense 21: "manifest or show" (Examples: "gives promise of real creativity", "gave evidence of tampering").
    *   Sense 33: "be the cause or source of" (Synonyms: yield, afford; Example: "Our meeting afforded much interesting information").

    *   "A look... gives an idea of the work involved."
    *   Does it *manifest* an idea (Sense 21) or is it the *source* of the idea (Sense 33)?
    *   Comparing "gives an idea" to "afforded much interesting information" (Sense 33) seems like a very close match. "A look... afforded an idea" makes perfect sense.
    *   Comparing "gives an idea" to "gives promise" or "gave evidence" (Sense 21) also works, but "afforded information" (Sense 33) is almost a direct parallel to "gives an idea".

    *   Sense 33: "be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information"
    *   Sense 21: "manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering"

    "A look... gives an idea" means the look provides the information necessary to form an idea. This aligns well with "Our meeting afforded much interesting information."

    Let's double-check Sense 19: "convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name". This is more about explicitly stating something.

    Let's double-check Sense 44: "give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk". This is more about production.

    Sense 33's example "Our meeting afforded much interesting information" is the closest match to "A look... gives an idea of the work involved."

    Wait, let me re-read Sense 21 again: "manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering".
    "A look... gives an idea" could be seen as "A look... shows an idea". But "affords information" (Sense 33) is a better fit for "gives an idea".

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 33 vs Sense 21.
    Sense 33: "be the cause or source of" (afford information).
    Sense 21: "manifest or show" (give evidence).

    "A look... gives an idea" -> The look is the source of the idea.
    "The office gave evidence of tampering" -> The office showed evidence.

    Actually, "gives an idea" is very similar to "gives an impression" or "gives a sense".
    If I say "The look gives an idea of the work," I mean the look *provides* the information.

    Let's look at Sense 33 again: "be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information".
    This fits perfectly. The look is the source of the idea.

    Let's check Sense 21 again: "manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering".
    This also fits, but "afforded information" is a stronger parallel to "gives an idea".

    Let's consider if there are any other options.
    Sense 19: "convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name". (Too simple).
    Sense 11: "bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth". (Not quite).

    Comparing Sense 33 and Sense 21 one more time.
    Sense 33: "Our meeting afforded much interesting information"
    Sense 21: "The office gave evidence of tampering"

    "A look... gives an idea" is more like "A look... provides information" than "A look... manifests evidence".

    Therefore, Sense 33 is the best fit.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: idea
Target surface form: idea
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an <t>idea</t> of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=idea%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about | synonyms=thought | examples=it was not a good idea; the thought never entered my mind
2. sense_key=idea%1:09:01:: | definition=your intention; what you intend to do | synonyms=mind | examples=he had in mind to see his old teacher; the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces
3. sense_key=idea%1:09:02:: | definition=an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth | synonyms=estimate, estimation, approximation | examples=an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take
4. sense_key=idea%1:09:03:: | definition=a personal view | examples=he has an idea that we don't like him
5. sense_key=idea%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) melodic subject of a musical composition | synonyms=theme, melodic theme, musical theme | examples=the theme is announced in the first measures; the accompanist picked up the idea and elaborated it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `idea`
    *   Target surface form: `idea`
    *   Context: "A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an <t>idea</t> of the work involved."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `idea%1:09:00`: content of cognition; main thing thinking about (thought).
        2.  `idea%1:09:01`: intention; what you intend to do (mind).
        3.  `idea%1:09:02`: approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth (estimate, approximation).
        4.  `idea%1:09:03`: personal view.
        5.  `idea%1:10:00`: (music) melodic subject.

    *   The sentence says: "A look at a Thursday night practice... gives an idea of the work involved."
    *   In this context, "gives an idea of" means it provides a general understanding, a rough estimate, or a sense of the scale/nature of the work.
    *   Comparing with the senses:
        *   Sense 1 (thought/cognition): Too general.
        *   Sense 2 (intention): Doesn't fit.
        *   Sense 3 (approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth): "An estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take." This fits well. "Gives an idea of the work involved" is similar to "gives an estimate/approximation of the work involved."
        *   Sense 4 (personal view): Doesn't fit.
        *   Sense 5 (musical theme): While the context is about bells (music-adjacent), the word "idea" here isn't referring to a melodic theme.

    *   "Gives an idea of the work involved" $\approx$ "Gives an approximation/estimate of the effort/work involved."
    *   Sense 3 specifically mentions "approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth" and provides the example "a rough idea how long it would take." This aligns perfectly with "an idea of the work involved."

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work
Target surface form: work
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the <t>work</t> involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work%1:06:00:: | definition=a product produced or accomplished through the effort or activity or agency of a person or thing | synonyms=piece of work | examples=it is not regarded as one of his more memorable works; the symphony was hailed as an ingenious work
2. sense_key=work%1:06:02:: | definition=the total output of a writer or artist (or a substantial part of it) | synonyms=oeuvre, body of work | examples=he studied the entire Wagnerian oeuvre; Picasso's work can be divided into periods
3. sense_key=work%1:19:00:: | definition=(physics) a manifestation of energy; the transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force | examples=work equals force times distance
4. sense_key=work%1:06:01:: | definition=a place where work is done | synonyms=workplace | examples=he arrived at work early today
5. sense_key=work%1:04:00:: | definition=activity directed toward making or doing something | examples=she checked several points needing further work
6. sense_key=work%1:09:00:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=study | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
7. sense_key=work%1:04:01:: | definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=employment | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "work"
    *   Target surface form: "work"
    *   Context: "A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the <t>work</t> involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle... each pulling a rope..."
    *   Meaning: The "work" refers to the physical and mental effort required to ring the bells (standing in a specific stance, pulling ropes, memorizing patterns).

    *   Sense 1: A product produced (e.g., a symphony). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Total output of a writer/artist (oeuvre). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Physics definition (force x distance). (Incorrect - while physical, it's used in a general sense of effort here, not a physics calculation).
    *   Sense 4: A place where work is done (workplace). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Activity directed toward making or doing something. (Strong candidate: the activity of bell ringing).
    *   Sense 6: Applying the mind to learning (study). (Partially true because they memorize patterns, but the context emphasizes the physical act: "shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle... pulling a rope").
    *   Sense 7: Occupation for which you are paid (employment). (Incorrect - bell ringing in a church is typically a hobby/volunteer activity).

    *   The sentence says "gives an idea of the work involved."
    *   The following sentence describes the physical exertion: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle... each pulling a rope."
    *   Sense 5 ("activity directed toward making or doing something") fits best as it encompasses the general effort and activity involved in the task.

    *   Sense 5: "activity directed toward making or doing something"
    *   Example: "she checked several points needing further work"
    *   In the context of "the work involved" in bell ringing, it refers to the effort/activity of the task.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involved
Target surface form: involved
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work <t>involved</t>. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist; the difficulties in which the question is involved
2. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved; brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion
3. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous | examples=the Byzantine tax structure; Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship
5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "involved"
    *   Target surface form: "involved"
    *   Context: "A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work <t>involved</t>."
    *   Surrounding text describes the process of bell ringing (rounds, changes, methods, peals, the physical stance of the ringers).

    *   Sense 1: enclosed/enveloped (e.g., "castle involved in mist").
    *   Sense 2: encumbered/entangled (e.g., "mired in details").
    *   Sense 3: connected by participation or association or use (e.g., "the problems involved", "number of people involved").
    *   Sense 4: complex/intricate (e.g., "Byzantine tax structure").
    *   Sense 5: emotionally attached.

    *   The phrase is "the work involved".
    *   In this context, "involved" refers to the work that is *connected to* or *required for* the activity of bell ringing.
    *   Comparing this to the examples in Sense 3: "the problems involved" is almost identical in structure and meaning to "the work involved".

    *   Sense 1 (enclosed): No.
    *   Sense 2 (encumbered): No.
    *   Sense 3 (connected by participation/association/use): Yes.
    *   Sense 4 (complex): While the work might be complex, "the work involved" is a standard idiom meaning "the work required/associated with the task".
    *   Sense 5 (emotionally attached): No.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved <t>ringers</t> stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
4. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `ringer`
    *   Target surface form: `ringers`
    *   Context: The text describes people ringing church bells in a specific pattern (change ringing) at St. Mary Abbot church in London. It mentions "ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound," "Ringers memorize patterns," and "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle... each pulling a rope."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `ringer%1:18:02::`: a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)
        2.  `ringer%1:04:00::`: (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit...
        3.  `ringer%1:18:01::`: a person who is almost identical to another
        4.  `ringer%1:18:00::`: a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses

    *   The context explicitly mentions "bells," "church," "pulling a rope," and "ringing chamber."
    *   Sense 1 specifically defines a "person who rings church bells."

    *   Sense 1 is the perfect match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stand
Target surface form: stand
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers <t>stand</t> in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stand%2:35:10:: | definition=be available for stud services | examples=male domestic animals such as stallions serve selected females
2. sense_key=stand%2:31:01:: | definition=have or maintain a position or stand on an issue | examples=Where do you stand on the War?
3. sense_key=stand%2:42:02:: | definition=be in effect; be or remain in force | examples=The law stands!
4. sense_key=stand%2:42:01:: | definition=be tall; have a height of; copula | examples=She stands 6 feet tall
5. sense_key=stand%2:35:01:: | definition=put into an upright position | synonyms=stand up, place upright | examples=Can you stand the bookshelf up?
6. sense_key=stand%2:33:00:: | definition=withstand the force of something | synonyms=resist, fend | examples=The trees resisted her; stand the test of time
7. sense_key=stand%2:42:06:: | definition=remain inactive or immobile | examples=standing water
8. sense_key=stand%2:31:00:: | definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | synonyms=digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, tolerate | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism; The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks
9. sense_key=stand%2:35:00:: | definition=be standing; be upright | synonyms=stand up | examples=We had to stand for the entire performance!
10. sense_key=stand%2:42:03:: | definition=occupy a place or location, also metaphorically | examples=We stand on common ground
11. sense_key=stand%2:42:00:: | definition=hold one's ground; maintain a position; be steadfast or upright | synonyms=remain firm | examples=I am standing my ground and won't give in!
12. sense_key=stand%2:42:04:: | definition=be in some specified state or condition | examples=I stand corrected

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `stand`
    *   Target surface form: `stand`
    *   Context: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers <t>stand</t> in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance..."
    *   Meaning: The ringers are physically positioned upright on their feet in a circle.

    *   1: be available for stud services (Incorrect)
    *   2: have or maintain a position or stand on an issue (Incorrect)
    *   3: be in effect; be or remain in force (Incorrect)
    *   4: be tall; have a height of (Incorrect)
    *   5: put into an upright position (Incorrect - this is transitive/causative)
    *   6: withstand the force of something (Incorrect)
    *   7: remain inactive or immobile (Incorrect - they are pulling ropes)
    *   8: put up with something or somebody unpleasant (Incorrect)
    *   9: be standing; be upright (Correct - describes the physical posture of being on one's feet)
    *   10: occupy a place or location (Possible, but "be upright" is more specific to the posture described: "one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance")
    *   11: hold one's ground; maintain a position (Incorrect)
    *   12: be in some specified state or condition (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 9: "be standing; be upright" (synonym: stand up).
    *   Sense 10: "occupy a place or location".
    *   The context emphasizes the *posture* ("one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance"), which strongly aligns with "be upright" (Sense 9). While they are also occupying a location (Sense 10), the specific description of the stance makes Sense 9 the better fit.

    *   Sense 9: "be standing; be upright"
    *   Context: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance..."
    *   This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: circle
Target surface form: circle
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a <t>circle</t>, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=circle%1:06:00:: | definition=any circular or rotating mechanism | synonyms=round | examples=the machine punched out metal circles
2. sense_key=circle%1:25:00:: | definition=ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point | examples=he calculated the circumference of the circle
3. sense_key=circle%1:06:02:: | definition=a curved section or tier of seats in a hall or theater or opera house; usually the first tier above the orchestra | synonyms=dress circle | examples=they had excellent seats in the dress circle
4. sense_key=circle%1:06:03:: | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, rope, roofy, roach
5. sense_key=circle%1:14:00:: | definition=an unofficial association of people or groups | synonyms=set, band, lot | examples=the smart set goes there; they were an angry lot
6. sense_key=circle%1:04:00:: | definition=movement once around a course | synonyms=lap, circuit | examples=he drove an extra lap just for insurance
7. sense_key=circle%1:25:01:: | definition=something approximating the shape of a circle | examples=the chairs were arranged in a circle
8. sense_key=circle%1:06:01:: | definition=a road junction at which traffic streams circularly around a central island | synonyms=traffic circle, rotary, roundabout | examples=the accident blocked all traffic at the rotary

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "circle"
    *   Target surface form: "circle"
    *   Context: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a <t>circle</t>, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance..."
    *   Meaning: The ringers are standing in a physical arrangement that forms a circular shape.

    *   Sense 1: any circular or rotating mechanism (e.g., machine punching metal circles). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve... (mathematical definition). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: a curved section or tier of seats in a hall or theater... -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: street names for flunitrazepan. -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: an unofficial association of people or groups (social circle). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 6: movement once around a course (lap). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 7: something approximating the shape of a circle (e.g., chairs arranged in a circle). -> Correct.
    *   Sense 8: a road junction (traffic circle). -> Incorrect.

    *   The context "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle" matches the example "the chairs were arranged in a circle" in Sense 7.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: foot
Target surface form: foot
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one <t>foot</t> ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=foot%1:10:00:: | definition=(prosody) a group of 2 or 3 syllables forming the basic unit of poetic rhythm | synonyms=metrical foot, metrical unit
2. sense_key=foot%1:06:00:: | definition=lowest support of a structure | synonyms=foundation, base, fundament, groundwork, substructure, understructure | examples=it was built on a base of solid rock; he stood at the foot of the tower
3. sense_key=foot%1:05:01:: | definition=the pedal extremity of vertebrates other than human beings | synonyms=animal foot
4. sense_key=foot%1:14:00:: | definition=an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot | synonyms=infantry | examples=there came ten thousand horsemen and as many fully-armed foot
5. sense_key=foot%1:23:00:: | definition=a linear unit of length equal to 12 inches or a third of a yard | synonyms=ft | examples=he is six feet tall
6. sense_key=foot%1:15:00:: | definition=the lower part of anything | examples=curled up on the foot of the bed; the foot of the page
7. sense_key=foot%1:05:00:: | definition=any of various organs of locomotion or attachment in invertebrates | synonyms=invertebrate foot
8. sense_key=foot%1:04:00:: | definition=travel by walking | examples=he followed on foot; the swiftest of foot
9. sense_key=foot%1:06:01:: | definition=a support resembling a pedal extremity | examples=one foot of the chair was on the carpet
10. sense_key=foot%1:18:00:: | definition=a member of a surveillance team who works on foot or rides as a passenger
11. sense_key=foot%1:08:01:: | definition=the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint | synonyms=human foot, pes | examples=his bare feet projected from his trousers; armored from head to foot

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `foot`
    *   Target surface form: `foot`
    *   Context: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one <t>foot</t> ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Prosody (poetic rhythm)
        2.  Lowest support of a structure (foundation)
        3.  Pedal extremity of non-human vertebrates
        4.  Army unit (infantry)
        5.  Linear unit of length (12 inches)
        6.  Lower part of anything (foot of the bed)
        7.  Organ of locomotion in invertebrates
        8.  Travel by walking
        9.  Support resembling a pedal extremity (chair foot)
        10. Surveillance team member
        11. Human foot (below ankle joint)

    *   The sentence is: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one <t>foot</t> ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance..."
    *   "one foot ahead of the other" describes the distance between the ringers.
    *   In this context, "foot" refers to a measurement of distance.

    *   Sense 5: "a linear unit of length equal to 12 inches or a third of a yard"
    *   This matches the context perfectly.

    *   Sense 11 (human foot) might be considered if it meant "one [human] foot ahead of the other", but the phrasing "one foot ahead" is a standard way to express a distance of 12 inches. Even if it meant the physical foot, the phrase "one foot ahead" usually denotes the unit of measurement in this specific construction. Let's re-read: "one foot ahead of the other". If it meant the body part, it would more likely be "one foot in front of the other". "One foot ahead" strongly suggests the unit of length.

    *   Sense 5 is the linear unit of length.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ahead
Target surface form: ahead
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot <t>ahead</t> of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ahead%4:02:06:: | definition=toward the future; forward in time | synonyms=forward | examples=I like to look ahead in imagination to what the future may bring; I look forward to seeing you
2. sense_key=ahead%4:02:04:: | definition=to a different or a more advanced time (meaning advanced either toward the present or toward the future) | examples=moved the appointment ahead from Tuesday to Monday; pushed the deadline ahead from Tuesday to Wednesday
3. sense_key=ahead%4:02:00:: | definition=at or in the front | synonyms=in front, before | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy
4. sense_key=ahead%4:02:01:: | definition=ahead of time; in anticipation | synonyms=in advance, beforehand | examples=when you pay ahead (or in advance) you receive a discount; We like to plan ahead
5. sense_key=ahead%4:02:02:: | definition=in a forward direction | synonyms=onward, onwards, forward, forwards, forrader | examples=go ahead; the train moved ahead slowly
6. sense_key=ahead%4:02:05:: | definition=to a more advanced or advantageous position | examples=a young man sure to get ahead; pushing talented students ahead
7. sense_key=ahead%4:02:03:: | definition=leading or ahead in a competition | synonyms=out front, in the lead | examples=the horse was three lengths ahead going into the home stretch; ahead by two pawns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "ahead"
    *   Target surface form: "ahead"
    *   Context: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot <t>ahead</t> of the other in a prize-fighter's stance..."
    *   Meaning: The physical position of one foot relative to the other (one foot in front of the other).

    *   Sense 1: toward the future; forward in time (Temporal)
    *   Sense 2: to a different or more advanced time (Temporal)
    *   Sense 3: at or in the front (Spatial/Positional) - Synonyms: in front, before. Example: "I see the lights of a town ahead".
    *   Sense 4: ahead of time; in anticipation (Temporal)
    *   Sense 5: in a forward direction (Directional/Movement) - Synonyms: onward, forward. Example: "go ahead".
    *   Sense 6: to a more advanced or advantageous position (Metaphorical/Success)
    *   Sense 7: leading or ahead in a competition (Competitive)

    *   The phrase "one foot ahead of the other" describes a physical stance.
    *   This is a spatial relationship where one foot is positioned in front of the other.
    *   Sense 3 ("at or in the front") fits this spatial description best.

    *   Sense 3: "at or in the front" / "in front, before".
    *   Context: "one foot ahead of the other" $\approx$ "one foot in front of the other".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stance
Target surface form: stance
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's <t>stance</t>, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stance%1:09:00:: | definition=a rationalized mental attitude | synonyms=position, posture
2. sense_key=stance%1:07:00:: | definition=standing posture

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "stance"
    *   Target surface form: "stance"
    *   Context: "...Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `stance%1:09:00::`: a rationalized mental attitude (synonyms: position, posture - in a metaphorical sense).
        2.  `stance%1:07:00::`: standing posture.

    *   The sentence describes the physical position of the ringers: "stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance".
    *   This clearly refers to a physical way of standing (posture), not a mental attitude or opinion.

    *   Sense 1: Mental attitude (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 2: Standing posture (Correct).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pull
Target surface form: pulling
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each <t>pulling</t> a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pull%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move in a certain direction by exerting a force upon, either physically or in an abstract sense | synonyms=draw | examples=A declining dollar pulled down the export figures for the last quarter
2. sense_key=pull%2:35:02:: | definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | synonyms=attract, pull in, draw, draw in | examples=Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers
3. sense_key=pull%2:33:13:: | definition=take sides with; align oneself with; show strong sympathy for | synonyms=root for | examples=We all rooted for the home team; I'm pulling for the underdog
4. sense_key=pull%2:41:00:: | definition=perform an act, usually with a negative connotation | synonyms=perpetrate, commit | examples=perpetrate a crime; pull a bank robbery
5. sense_key=pull%2:35:04:: | definition=apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion | examples=Pull the rope; Pull the handle towards you
6. sense_key=pull%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to move by pulling | synonyms=draw, force | examples=draw a wagon; pull a sled
7. sense_key=pull%2:38:00:: | definition=steer into a certain direction | examples=pull one's horse to a stand; Pull the car over
8. sense_key=pull%2:35:10:: | definition=remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense | synonyms=extract, pull out, pull up, take out, draw out | examples=pull weeds; extract a bad tooth
9. sense_key=pull%2:35:03:: | definition=hit in the direction that the player is facing when carrying through the swing | examples=pull the ball
10. sense_key=pull%2:29:00:: | definition=strain abnormally | synonyms=overstretch | examples=I pulled a muscle in my leg when I jumped up; The athlete pulled a tendon in the competition
11. sense_key=pull%2:35:01:: | definition=tear or be torn violently | synonyms=rend, rip, rive | examples=The curtain ripped from top to bottom; pull the cooked chicken into strips
12. sense_key=pull%2:38:01:: | definition=move into a certain direction | examples=the car pulls to the right
13. sense_key=pull%2:38:03:: | definition=bring, take, or pull out of a container or from under a cover | synonyms=draw, pull out, get out, take out | examples=draw a weapon; pull out a gun
14. sense_key=pull%2:38:02:: | definition=operate when rowing a boat | examples=pull the oars
15. sense_key=pull%2:35:05:: | definition=strip of feathers | synonyms=pluck, tear, deplume, deplumate, displume | examples=pull a chicken; pluck the capon
16. sense_key=pull%2:30:11:: | definition=take away | examples=pull the old soup cans from the supermarket shelf
17. sense_key=pull%2:38:04:: | definition=rein in to keep from winning a race | examples=pull a horse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "pulling" (lemma: "pull")
    *   Context: "...each <t>pulling</t> a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber."
    *   Action: Ringers are pulling ropes to ring bells.

    *   Sense 1: cause to move in a certain direction by exerting a force (abstract or physical).
    *   Sense 2: attract/direct toward oneself (psychological/physical attributes).
    *   Sense 3: take sides with/root for.
    *   Sense 4: perform an act (negative connotation).
    *   Sense 5: apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion (Example: "Pull the rope").
    *   Sense 6: cause to move by pulling (Example: "draw a wagon").
    *   Sense 7: steer into a certain direction.
    *   Sense 8: remove/extract.
    *   Sense 9: hit in a certain direction (sports).
    *   Sense 10: strain abnormally (muscle).
    *   Sense 11: tear/rip.
    *   Sense 12: move into a certain direction (car).
    *   Sense 13: bring out of a container.
    *   Sense 14: operate when rowing a boat.
    *   Sense 15: strip of feathers.
    *   Sense 16: take away.
    *   Sense 17: rein in a horse.

    *   The context describes ringers pulling ropes to ring bells.
    *   Sense 5 specifically mentions "Pull the rope" and "apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion."
    *   Sense 6 is "cause to move by pulling" (like a wagon), which is slightly different (the rope itself is being pulled, but the goal is the action of pulling the rope to ring the bell).
    *   Sense 1 is more general ("cause to move in a certain direction").
    *   Sense 5 is the most precise fit for the physical action of pulling a rope.

    *   Sense 5: "apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion" (Example: "Pull the rope"). This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rope
Target surface form: rope
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a <t>rope</t> that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rope%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong line
2. sense_key=rope%1:06:01:: | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, roofy, roach, forget me drug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `rope`
    *   Target surface form: `rope`
    *   Context: "...each pulling a <t>rope</t> that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `rope%1:06:00::` | definition: a strong line
        2.  `rope%1:06:01::` | definition: street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms: R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, roofy, roach, forget me drug

    *   The context describes bell ringers in a church.
    *   They are "pulling a rope" that goes through a hole in the ceiling to ring bells.
    *   This clearly refers to a physical object (a strong line), not a drug.

    *   Sense 1: "a strong line" (Matches the physical object used for bell ringing).
    *   Sense 2: "street names for flunitrazepan" (Does not match).

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: small
Target surface form: small
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a <t>small</t> hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=small%5:00:00:inferior:01 | definition=low or inferior in station or quality | synonyms=humble, low, lowly, modest | examples=a humble cottage; a lowly parish priest
2. sense_key=small%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=not large but sufficient in size or amount | synonyms=modest | examples=a modest salary; modest inflation
3. sense_key=small%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=little | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
4. sense_key=small%5:00:00:fine:00 | definition=have fine or very small constituent particles | examples=a small misty rain
5. sense_key=small%5:00:00:decreased:00 | definition=made to seem smaller or less (especially in worth) | synonyms=belittled, diminished | examples=her comments made me feel small
6. sense_key=small%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=little | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
7. sense_key=small%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=little, minuscule | examples=little a; small a
8. sense_key=small%5:00:00:little:03 | definition=slight or limited; especially in degree or intensity or scope | examples=a series of death struggles with small time in between
9. sense_key=small%5:00:00:limited:00 | definition=limited in size or scope | synonyms=minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized | examples=a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation
10. sense_key=small%3:00:00:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=little | examples=a little dining room; a little house

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `small`
    *   Target surface form: `small`
    *   Context: "...each pulling a rope that disappears through a <t>small</t> hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber."
    *   Target word usage: "small hole"

    *   Sense 1: inferior in station or quality (humble cottage) - No.
    *   Sense 2: moderate (not large but sufficient) (modest salary) - No.
    *   Sense 3: young/immature (small children) - No.
    *   Sense 4: fine constituent particles (small misty rain) - No.
    *   Sense 5: decreased/belittled (made me feel small) - No.
    *   Sense 6: soft voice (still small voice) - No.
    *   Sense 7: lowercase (small a) - No.
    *   Sense 8: slight or limited in degree/intensity/scope (small time in between) - No.
    *   Sense 9: limited in size or scope (small business, pocket-size) - This refers more to scale/scope of an organization or operation.
    *   Sense 10: limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent (a little dining room; a little house) - This refers to physical size/magnitude.

    *   The context is "a small hole". This is a physical description of the size of the hole.
    *   Sense 10 ("limited or below average in... magnitude or extent") fits physical size (like "a little dining room").
    *   Sense 9 ("limited in size or scope") often refers to scale (like "small business").
    *   Comparing Sense 9 and Sense 10: Sense 10 is the general sense for physical size (magnitude/extent).

    *   Sense 10: "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent" (Examples: a little dining room; a little house). A hole is a physical entity, and its size is its magnitude/extent.

    *   Sense 1: No.
    *   Sense 2: No.
    *   Sense 3: No.
    *   Sense 4: No.
    *   Sense 5: No.
    *   Sense 6: No.
    *   Sense 7: No.
    *   Sense 8: No.
    *   Sense 9: No (usually refers to scale/scope).
    *   Sense 10: Yes (physical size).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hole
Target surface form: hole
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small <t>hole</t> in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hole%1:25:00:: | definition=an unoccupied space
2. sense_key=hole%1:26:00:: | definition=informal terms for a difficult situation | synonyms=fix, jam, mess, muddle, pickle, kettle of fish | examples=he got into a terrible fix; he made a muddle of his marriage
3. sense_key=hole%1:26:01:: | definition=a fault | examples=he shot holes in my argument
4. sense_key=hole%1:17:01:: | definition=an opening into or through something
5. sense_key=hole%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening deliberately made in or through something
6. sense_key=hole%1:08:00:: | definition=informal terms for the mouth | synonyms=trap, cakehole, maw, yap, gob
7. sense_key=hole%1:17:02:: | definition=a depression hollowed out of solid matter | synonyms=hollow
8. sense_key=hole%1:06:01:: | definition=one playing period (from tee to green) on a golf course | synonyms=golf hole | examples=he played 18 holes

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `hole`
    *   Target surface form: `hole`
    *   Context: "...each pulling a rope that disappears through a small <t>hole</t> in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `hole%1:25:00::`: an unoccupied space
        2.  `hole%1:26:00::`: informal terms for a difficult situation
        3.  `hole%1:26:01::`: a fault
        4.  `hole%1:17:01::`: an opening into or through something
        5.  `hole%1:06:00::`: an opening deliberately made in or through something
        6.  `hole%1:08:00::`: informal terms for the mouth
        7.  `hole%1:17:02::`: a depression hollowed out of solid matter
        8.  `hole%1:06:01::`: one playing period (from tee to green) on a golf course

    *   The context describes a rope going "through a small hole in the high ceiling".
    *   This is a physical opening in a ceiling.
    *   Is it an "opening into or through something" (Sense 4) or an "opening deliberately made in or through something" (Sense 5)?
    *   A hole in a ceiling for a bell rope is almost certainly deliberately made.
    *   Let's compare Sense 4 and Sense 5.
        *   Sense 4: `an opening into or through something` (General)
        *   Sense 5: `an opening deliberately made in or through something` (Specific)
    *   In the context of architecture (a ceiling in a ringing chamber), the hole for the rope is a designed feature.

    *   Sense 1: Unoccupied space (No)
    *   Sense 2: Difficult situation (No)
    *   Sense 3: A fault (No)
    *   Sense 4: Opening into or through something (Possible)
    *   Sense 5: Opening deliberately made in or through something (More specific and accurate)
    *   Sense 6: Mouth (No)
    *   Sense 7: Depression hollowed out (No - a ceiling hole is a puncture/opening, not a depression/hollow)
    *   Sense 8: Golf hole (No)

    *   Sense 4 is the general category.
    *   Sense 5 is the specific category for man-made openings.
    *   Since the hole is in a ceiling of a church for the purpose of bell ringing, it was deliberately made.

    *   Wait, let me double-check the WordNet hierarchy if possible or think about how these are usually distinguished.
    *   Sense 4 (`hole%1:17:01`) is often used for natural holes or general openings.
    *   Sense 5 (`hole%1:06:00`) is for holes made by humans or tools.
    *   A hole in a ceiling for a rope is definitely deliberately made.

    *   Sense 4: `an opening into or through something`
    *   Sense 5: `an opening deliberately made in or through something`
    *   The context "small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber" strongly implies a deliberate architectural feature.

    *   Sense 5 is the most precise fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: high
Target surface form: high
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the <t>high</t> ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=high%3:00:03:: | definition=used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency | synonyms=high-pitched
2. sense_key=high%5:00:00:superior:01 | definition=standing above others in quality or position | synonyms=eminent | examples=people in high places; the high priest
3. sense_key=high%3:00:01:: | definition=(literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like `knee-high') | examples=a high mountain; high ceilings
4. sense_key=high%5:00:00:malodorous:00 | definition=(used of the smell of meat) smelling spoiled or tainted | synonyms=gamey, gamy
5. sense_key=high%5:00:00:elated:00 | definition=happy and excited and energetic | synonyms=in high spirits
6. sense_key=high%5:00:00:intoxicated:00 | definition=slightly and pleasantly intoxicated from alcohol or a drug (especially marijuana) | synonyms=mellow
7. sense_key=high%3:00:02:: | definition=greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount | examples=a high temperature; a high price

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "high"
    *   Target surface form: "high"
    *   Context: "...each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the <t>high</t> ceiling of the ringing chamber."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  High pitch/frequency.
        2.  Superior quality/position.
        3.  Great elevation or upward extension (example: "high ceilings").
        4.  Smelling spoiled (meat).
        5.  Elated/happy.
        6.  Intoxicated.
        7.  Greater than normal in degree/intensity/amount.

    *   The word "high" modifies "ceiling".
    *   A ceiling is a physical structure at the top of a room.
    *   "High ceiling" refers to the distance from the floor to the ceiling (elevation/upward extension).

    *   Sense 3: "(literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension... examples=a high mountain; high ceilings".
    *   This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ceiling
Target surface form: ceiling
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high <t>ceiling</t> of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ceiling%1:07:00:: | definition=(meteorology) altitude of the lowest layer of clouds
2. sense_key=ceiling%1:07:01:: | definition=maximum altitude at which a plane can fly (under specified conditions)
3. sense_key=ceiling%1:06:00:: | definition=the overhead upper surface of a covered space | examples=he hated painting the ceiling
4. sense_key=ceiling%1:10:00:: | definition=an upper limit on what is allowed | synonyms=roof, cap | examples=he put a ceiling on the number of women who worked for him; there was a roof on salaries

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "ceiling"
    *   Target surface form: "ceiling"
    *   Context: "...each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high <t>ceiling</t> of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  (meteorology) altitude of the lowest layer of clouds.
        2.  maximum altitude at which a plane can fly.
        3.  the overhead upper surface of a covered space.
        4.  an upper limit on what is allowed.

    *   The context mentions a "ringing chamber" (a room) and a "high ceiling" with a "small hole" in it.
    *   It also mentions sound being "muffled by the ceiling."
    *   This clearly refers to the physical overhead surface of a room.

    *   Sense 1: Meteorology (clouds) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: Aviation (altitude) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: Overhead upper surface of a covered space - Correct.
    *   Sense 4: Upper limit (metaphorical/financial) - Incorrect.

    *   The best sense is index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: chamber
Target surface form: chamber
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing <t>chamber</t>. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=chamber%1:06:01:: | definition=a room used primarily for sleeping | synonyms=bedroom, sleeping room, sleeping accommodation, bedchamber
2. sense_key=chamber%1:08:00:: | definition=an enclosed volume in the body | examples=the chambers of his heart were healthy
3. sense_key=chamber%1:06:00:: | definition=a natural or artificial enclosed space
4. sense_key=chamber%1:06:02:: | definition=a room where a judge transacts business
5. sense_key=chamber%1:14:00:: | definition=a deliberative or legislative or administrative or judicial assembly | examples=the upper chamber is the senate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "chamber"
    *   Target surface form: "chamber"
    *   Context: "...each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing <t>chamber</t>."
    *   Contextual clues: "ringing chamber", "high ceiling", "ropes", "church", "ringers". This refers to the physical room where bell ringers stand.

    *   Sense 1: "a room used primarily for sleeping" (bedroom) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: "an enclosed volume in the body" (heart chambers) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: "a natural or artificial enclosed space" (general room/space) - Fits.
    *   Sense 4: "a room where a judge transacts business" (courtroom) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: "a deliberative or legislative or administrative or judicial assembly" (Senate) - Incorrect.

    *   The "ringing chamber" is a specific room (an artificial enclosed space) in a church. Sense 3 is the most general and accurate description of a room in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: speak
Target surface form: speaks
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one <t>speaks</t>, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=speak%2:32:01:: | definition=exchange thoughts; talk with | synonyms=talk | examples=We often talk business; Actions talk louder than words
2. sense_key=speak%2:39:00:: | definition=make a characteristic or natural sound | examples=The drums spoke
3. sense_key=speak%2:32:03:: | definition=give a speech to | synonyms=address | examples=The chairman addressed the board of trustees
4. sense_key=speak%2:32:02:: | definition=use language | synonyms=talk | examples=the baby talks already; the prisoner won't speak
5. sense_key=speak%2:32:00:: | definition=express in speech | synonyms=talk, utter, mouth, verbalize, verbalise | examples=She talks a lot of nonsense; This depressed patient does not verbalize

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `speak`
    *   Target surface form: `speaks`
    *   Context: "No one <t>speaks</t>, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves..."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "No one speaks" means that the people (the ringers) are not talking or using language to communicate.

    *   Sense 1: `exchange thoughts; talk with` (synonym: talk). This implies a conversation between two or more people.
    *   Sense 2: `make a characteristic or natural sound` (example: The drums spoke). This is metaphorical/non-human.
    *   Sense 3: `give a speech to` (synonym: address). This implies a formal address.
    *   Sense 4: `use language` (synonyms: talk). Example: "the prisoner won't speak". This refers to the act of producing speech/using language in general.
    *   Sense 5: `express in speech` (synonyms: talk, utter, mouth, verbalize). This refers to the act of putting thoughts into words.

    *   The sentence "No one speaks" describes a state of silence among the ringers.
    *   Sense 1 (exchange thoughts) is close, but "no one speaks" usually refers to the general act of talking/using language rather than specifically the exchange of thoughts (though it often implies it).
    *   Sense 4 (use language) is the most general sense of producing speech. "The prisoner won't speak" is very similar to "No one speaks" in terms of the absence of vocalization/language use.
    *   Sense 5 (express in speech) is more about the content being expressed.

    *   Sense 1: `exchange thoughts; talk with` (Interpersonal communication)
    *   Sense 4: `use language` (The physical/cognitive act of speaking)
    *   In "No one speaks," the focus is on the silence—the absence of any talking. Sense 4 is the most fundamental definition of "speak" in the sense of "to talk."

    *   Sense 1: "We often talk business" (Conversation)
    *   Sense 4: "the prisoner won't speak" (Refusal to use language/talk)
    *   "No one speaks" in the ringing chamber is more like "the prisoner won't speak" (silence) than "we talk business" (conversation).

    *   Sense 4 is the best fit for the general act of using language/talking.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rope
Target surface form: ropes
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the <t>ropes</t> seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rope%1:06:01:: | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, roofy, roach, forget me drug
2. sense_key=rope%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong line

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `rope`
    *   Target surface form: `ropes`
    *   Context: A description of bell ringing (campanology). Ringers pull ropes that go through the ceiling to ring bells. "the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves".
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `rope%1:06:01::`: street names for flunitrazepan (drug).
        2.  `rope%1:06:00::`: a strong line.

    *   The context describes physical ropes used to ring church bells.
    *   Sense 1 is about a drug (flunitrazepam).
    *   Sense 2 is about a strong line (physical rope).

    *   Sense 2 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seem
Target surface form: seems
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes <t>seems</t> to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seem%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, appear | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=seem%2:39:02:: | definition=appear to one's own mind or opinion | examples=I seem to be misunderstood by everyone; I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters
3. sense_key=seem%2:42:00:: | definition=appear to exist | examples=There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now
4. sense_key=seem%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=appear | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `seem`
    *   Target surface form: `seems`
    *   Context: "...the snaking of the ropes <t>seems</t> to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling."

    *   Sense 1: `give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect` (Synonyms: look, appear). Example: "She seems to be sleeping."
    *   Sense 2: `appear to one's own mind or opinion`. Example: "I seem to be misunderstood by everyone."
    *   Sense 3: `appear to exist`. Example: "There seems no reason to go ahead..."
    *   Sense 4: `seem to be true, probable, or apparent`. Example: "It seems that he is very gifted."

    *   The sentence is: "the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves".
    *   The author is describing the *impression* given by the sound of the ropes.
    *   It's an observation about the outward aspect/impression of the sound.
    *   Sense 1 focuses on giving a certain impression or outward aspect.
    *   Sense 4 focuses on something being true, probable, or apparent (often used with "It seems that...").
    *   Sense 2 is about internal perception/opinion ("I seem to...").
    *   Sense 3 is about existence ("There seems...").

    *   "The snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound..."
    *   Does it "give a certain impression" (Sense 1)? Yes.
    *   Is it "true, probable, or apparent" (Sense 4)? It's close, but Sense 1 is more about the sensory impression (outward aspect).
    *   Comparing "She seems to be sleeping" (Sense 1) with "the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound" (Target). Both describe an observation of a state/action.
    *   Comparing "It seems that he is very gifted" (Sense 4) with the target. Sense 4 is often used for conclusions or probabilities.

    *   Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect"
    *   Sense 4: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent"
    *   The sound of the ropes *gives the impression* of being as loud as the bells. This fits Sense 1 better than Sense 4, which is more about a logical conclusion or a general state of affairs.

    *   Sense 1: "She seems to be sleeping" (Observation of appearance/impression).
    *   Target: "the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound" (Observation of auditory impression).
    *   This is a strong match.