[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: down
Target surface form: down
Context:
It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled <t>down</t> the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=down%4:02:06:: | definition=from an earlier time | examples=the story was passed down from father to son
2. sense_key=down%4:02:03:: | definition=paid in cash at time of purchase | examples=put ten dollars down on the necklace
3. sense_key=down%4:02:02:: | definition=away from a more central or a more northerly place | examples=was sent down to work at the regional office; worked down on the farm
4. sense_key=down%4:02:04:: | definition=in an inactive or inoperative state | examples=the factory went down during the strike; the computer went down again
5. sense_key=down%4:02:05:: | definition=to a lower intensity | examples=he slowly phased down the light until the stage was completely black
6. sense_key=down%4:02:00:: | definition=spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position | synonyms=downwards, downward, downwardly | examples=don't fall down; rode the lift up and skied down

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "down"
    *   Target surface form: "down"
    *   Context: "...experimentally crawled <t>down</t> the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `down%4:02:06::`: from an earlier time (e.g., passed down).
        2.  `down%4:02:03::`: paid in cash (e.g., put ten dollars down).
        3.  `down%4:02:02::`: away from a more central or a more northerly place (e.g., sent down to the regional office).
        4.  `down%4:02:04::`: inactive or inoperative (e.g., computer went down).
        5.  `down%4:02:05::`: to a lower intensity (e.g., phased down the light).
        6.  `down%4:02:00::`: spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position (e.g., skied down).

    *   The phrase is "crawled down the length of chromosome 17".
    *   "Crawled down" here is used metaphorically to describe moving along the length of a linear structure (the chromosome).
    *   It implies movement from one end toward the other along a path.

    *   Sense 1 (time): Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2 (money): Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3 (central/northerly): Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4 (inactive): Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5 (intensity): Not applicable.
    *   Sense 6 (spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position): This is the closest. While "down the length" isn't necessarily "higher to lower" in a gravitational sense, "down" is frequently used to describe movement along a path or length (e.g., "walk down the street"). In WordNet, "down" in the sense of "along" is often grouped with spatial movement.

    *   Wait, let me re-examine Sense 6: "spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position".
    *   Is there a better sense for "along"?
    *   Looking at the provided options again:
        1. from an earlier time
        2. paid in cash
        3. away from a more central or a more northerly place
        4. inactive or inoperative
        5. to a lower intensity
        6. spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position

    *   None of these explicitly say "along". However, in many linguistic frameworks, "down the street" or "down the length of" is categorized under the general spatial movement sense of "down" (Sense 6). Let's check if Sense 3 ("away from a more central... place") fits. No, that's more about geography.

    *   Let's re-read Sense 6: "spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position".
    *   In the context of a chromosome, "down the length" means moving from one end to the other. This is a spatial movement.

    *   Is there any other possibility?
        *   Sense 1: Time (No)
        *   Sense 2: Money (No)
        *   Sense 3: Central/Northerly (No)
        *   Sense 4: Inactive (No)
        *   Sense 5: Intensity (No)
        *   Sense 6: Spatial/Metaphorical (Yes)

    *   Comparing "down the length" to "skied down" or "fall down". While "down the length" is more "along" than "downwards", among the choices provided, Sense 6 is the only one that deals with spatial movement along a path or from one point to another.

    *   Wait, let me double-check if "down" meaning "along" is usually mapped to a different sense in WordNet. Often, "down" (along) is treated as a variation of the spatial sense.

    *   Let's look at the options again.
        Sense 3: "away from a more central or a more northerly place".
        Sense 6: "spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position".

    *   "Crawled down the length of chromosome 17". This is definitely spatial. It's not about northerly/centrality. It's not about time, money, intensity, or inactivity.

    *   Therefore, Sense 6 is the only viable option.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: length
Target surface form: length
Context:
It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the <t>length</t> of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=length%1:07:00:: | definition=the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place | examples=the length of the table was 5 feet
2. sense_key=length%1:06:00:: | definition=a section of something that is long and narrow | examples=a length of timber; a length of tubing
3. sense_key=length%1:07:01:: | definition=continuance in time | synonyms=duration | examples=the ceremony was of short duration; he complained about the length of time required
4. sense_key=length%1:07:02:: | definition=the property of being the extent of something from beginning to end | examples=the editor limited the length of my article to 500 words
5. sense_key=length%1:07:03:: | definition=size of the gap between two places | synonyms=distance | examples=the distance from New York to Chicago; he determined the length of the shortest line segment joining the two points

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "length"
    *   Context: "...experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."
    *   Meaning: The researchers are moving along the physical (or linear) extent of the chromosome from one end toward the other.

    *   Sense 1: "the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place" (Example: length of the table).
    *   Sense 2: "a section of something that is long and narrow" (Example: a length of timber).
    *   Sense 3: "continuance in time" (Synonym: duration).
    *   Sense 4: "the property of being the extent of something from beginning to end" (Example: length of my article).
    *   Sense 5: "size of the gap between two places" (Synonym: distance).

    *   The phrase "crawled down the length of chromosome 17" implies moving along the entire linear extent of the chromosome.
    *   Sense 1 describes the linear extent in space from one end to the other.
    *   Sense 2 refers to a specific piece/section (e.g., "a length of rope"), which doesn't fit "the length of chromosome 17" as well as the total extent does.
    *   Sense 3 is temporal (duration), which is incorrect.
    *   Sense 4 is the *property* of being a certain extent (e.g., "the length is 5 meters"), whereas here it's the physical extent itself.
    *   Sense 5 is the distance between two points.

    *   "Crawled down the length of [something]" usually refers to the physical dimension/extent of that object.
    *   Sense 1: "the linear extent in space from one end to the other". This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: Linear extent.
    *   Sense 2: A piece/section.
    *   Sense 4: The property of extent.
    *   In "crawled down the length of chromosome 17", "the length" refers to the physical span of the chromosome. Sense 1 is the most accurate description of this linear extent.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: look_for
Target surface form: looking for
Context:
It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, <t>looking for</t> the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=look_for%2:35:00:: | definition=try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of | synonyms=search, seek | examples=The police are searching for clues; They are searching for the missing man in the entire county
2. sense_key=look_for%2:37:00:: | definition=be excited or anxious about | synonyms=anticipate, look to

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `look_for`
    *   Target surface form: `looking for`
    *   Context: "...the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, <t>looking for</t> the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `look_for%2:35:00::`: try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of (synonyms: search, seek).
        2.  `look_for%2:37:00::`: be excited or anxious about (synonyms: anticipate, look to).

    *   The researchers are "experimentally crawling down the length of chromosome 17" to find "the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."
    *   This describes a search process to locate or discover a specific piece of DNA.

    *   Sense 1: "try to locate or discover" matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "be excited or anxious about" does not fit the context of a scientific search.

    *   The correct sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: common
Target surface form: common
Context:
It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest <t>common</t> bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=common%3:00:01:: | definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man; a common sailor
2. sense_key=common%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | synonyms=coarse | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded; produced...the common cloths used by the poorer population
3. sense_key=common%3:00:02:: | definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good; common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community
4. sense_key=common%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency
5. sense_key=common%5:00:00:shared:00 | definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | synonyms=mutual | examples=a common friend; the mutual interests of management and labor
6. sense_key=common%5:00:00:unrefined:01 | definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | synonyms=coarse, rough-cut, uncouth, vulgar | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind; behavior that branded him as common
7. sense_key=common%5:00:00:lowborn:00 | definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | synonyms=plebeian, vulgar, unwashed | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly; behavior that branded him as common
8. sense_key=common%5:00:00:familiar:02 | definition=commonly encountered | synonyms=usual | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting
9. sense_key=common%5:00:00:informal:02 | definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | synonyms=vernacular, vulgar | examples=common parlance; a vernacular term

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "common"
    *   Target surface form: "common"
    *   Context: "...looking for the smallest <t>common</t> bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."
    *   Meaning: The researchers are looking for a piece of genetic material that is *shared* or *present in all* the tumor cells they are studying.

    *   Sense 1: having no special distinction; average or ordinary. (Not fitting)
    *   Sense 2: inferior quality. (Not fitting)
    *   Sense 3: belonging to a community as a whole; public. (Not fitting - this is about social/public ownership)
    *   Sense 4: to be expected; standard. (Not fitting)
    *   Sense 5: common to or shared by two or more parties; mutual. (Fits well: "shared by two or more parties" -> shared by all tumor cells)
    *   Sense 6: lacking refinement. (Not fitting)
    *   Sense 7: associated with the great masses. (Not fitting)
    *   Sense 8: commonly encountered; usual. (Not fitting - it's not that the bit of material is "usual" in a general sense, but that it is *shared* across the specific samples)
    *   Sense 9: everyday language. (Not fitting)

    *   The phrase "common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells" clearly indicates that the genetic material is shared across all the cells being examined.
    *   Sense 5 ("common to or shared by two or more parties") is the precise meaning here.

    *   Sense 5: `common%5:00:00:shared:00` | definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | synonyms=mutual | examples=a common friend; the mutual interests of management and labor.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bit
Target surface form: bit
Context:
It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common <t>bit</t> of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bit%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance of some kind | synonyms=piece | examples=it was a nice piece of work; he had a bit of good luck
2. sense_key=bit%1:06:01:: | definition=piece of metal held in horse's mouth by reins and used to control the horse while riding | examples=the horse was not accustomed to a bit
3. sense_key=bit%1:10:01:: | definition=a small fragment | synonyms=snatch | examples=overheard snatches of their conversation
4. sense_key=bit%1:13:00:: | definition=a small amount of solid food; a mouthful | synonyms=morsel, bite | examples=all they had left was a bit of bread
5. sense_key=bit%1:06:02:: | definition=the part of a key that enters a lock and lifts the tumblers
6. sense_key=bit%1:23:01:: | definition=a small piece or quantity of something | synonyms=spot | examples=a spot of tea; a bit of paper
7. sense_key=bit%1:23:00:: | definition=a unit of measurement of information (from binary + digit); the amount of information in a system having two equiprobable states | examples=there are 8 bits in a byte
8. sense_key=bit%1:17:00:: | definition=a small fragment of something broken off from the whole | synonyms=chip, flake, fleck, scrap | examples=a bit of rock caught him in the eye
9. sense_key=bit%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinitely short time | synonyms=moment, mo, minute, second | examples=wait just a moment; in a mo
10. sense_key=bit%1:10:00:: | definition=a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program | synonyms=act, routine, number, turn | examples=he did his act three times every evening; she had a catchy little routine
11. sense_key=bit%1:06:00:: | definition=the cutting part of a drill; usually pointed and threaded and is replaceable in a brace or bitstock or drill press | examples=he looked around for the right size bit

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bit`
    *   Target surface form: `bit`
    *   Context: "...looking for the smallest common <t>bit</t> of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene."

    *   1: an instance of some kind (piece) - "nice piece of work"
    *   2: horse's mouth piece
    *   3: a small fragment (snatch) - "snatches of conversation"
    *   4: small amount of food (morsel)
    *   5: part of a key
    *   6: a small piece or quantity of something (spot) - "spot of tea", "bit of paper"
    *   7: unit of information (binary digit)
    *   8: a small fragment of something broken off from the whole (chip, flake, scrap) - "bit of rock"
    *   9: an indefinitely short time (moment)
    *   10: short theatrical performance (act)
    *   11: cutting part of a drill

    *   The context refers to "the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."
    *   It further clarifies: "Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene."
    *   The "bit" here refers to a physical (though microscopic) segment or piece of a larger structure (chromosome 17).

    *   Sense 1: "an instance of some kind" (too abstract).
    *   Sense 3: "a small fragment" (synonym: snatch). Usually used for sounds or information.
    *   Sense 6: "a small piece or quantity of something" (synonyms: spot). "Bit of paper" fits the general idea of a small piece.
    *   Sense 8: "a small fragment of something broken off from the whole" (synonyms: chip, flake, scrap). "Bit of rock".

    *   Sense 6 is very general ("a small piece or quantity of something").
    *   Sense 8 is more specific to something "broken off from the whole".
    *   In genetics, a "bit of genetic material lost" implies a segment that was once part of the whole chromosome but is now missing (broken off/deleted).
    *   However, looking at the synonyms for Sense 6 ("spot", "bit of paper") and Sense 8 ("chip", "flake", "scrap"), Sense 6 often covers general "pieces" of things.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 6 vs Sense 8.
    *   Sense 6: "a small piece or quantity of something" (e.g., a bit of paper).
    *   Sense 8: "a small fragment of something broken off from the whole" (e.g., a bit of rock).
    *   The context says "smallest common bit of genetic material lost". This is a segment of DNA.
    *   Is it a "fragment broken off" (Sense 8) or just a "small piece" (Sense 6)?
    *   Usually, in these WordNet-style tasks, "bit of [material]" where it's a physical piece often maps to Sense 6 if it's just a piece, or Sense 8 if it's a fragment/scrap.
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1: "an instance of some kind | synonyms=piece". "a piece of work". Not this.
    *   Let's look at Sense 6 again: "a small piece or quantity of something".
    *   Let's look at Sense 8 again: "a small fragment of something broken off from the whole".
    *   Genetic material "lost" suggests it was broken off.
    *   However, "bit of genetic material" is a very common way to say "a small piece".
    *   Let's compare "bit of paper" (6) and "bit of rock" (8). A bit of paper is a piece. A bit of rock is a fragment.
    *   DNA is a molecule. A "bit of genetic material" is a segment.
    *   Looking at the provided synonyms for 6 (spot) and 8 (chip, flake, fleck, scrap).
    *   "Scrap" (8) might fit "scrap of genetic material".
    *   But "bit of paper" (6) is a very standard usage for a small piece of a larger sheet.
    *   Actually, let's look at the context again: "smallest common bit of genetic material lost".
    *   In many WordNet versions, "bit" as in "a small piece" is often mapped to the most general "small piece" sense.
    *   Let's check Sense 6 again: "a small piece or quantity of something".
    *   Let's check Sense 8 again: "a small fragment of something broken off from the whole".
    *   If the DNA was "lost", it was effectively broken off from the chromosome.
    *   But is "bit" here used to mean "fragment" or just "piece"?
    *   "Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene." The author uses "piece" as a synonym in the next sentence.
    *   Sense 6 synonyms: spot.
    *   Sense 8 synonyms: chip, flake, fleck, scrap.
    *   Sense 1 synonyms: piece. (Wait, Sense 1 says "an instance of some kind | synonyms=piece | examples=it was a nice piece of work"). This "piece" is figurative.
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 6: "a small piece or quantity of something".
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 8: "a small fragment of something broken off from the whole".
    *   Usually, "a bit of [substance]" (like a bit of gold, a bit of wood, a bit of DNA) is Sense 6. Sense 8 is more for things that are shattered or flaked.
    *   Let's double-check Sense 6 examples: "a bit of paper". Paper is a material. DNA is a material.
    *   Let's double-check Sense 8 examples: "a bit of rock caught him in the eye". This is a fragment/chip.
    *   The "bit of genetic material" is a segment, not necessarily a "chip" or "flake".

    *   Sense 6: a small piece or quantity of something.
    *   Sense 8: a small fragment of something broken off from the whole.
    *   The context "lost in all tumor cells" implies it's a deletion. A deletion is a piece that is gone.
    *   However, "bit of genetic material" is a very common phrase for a small segment.
    *   Comparing "bit of paper" (6) and "bit of rock" (8), "bit of paper" is a more general "piece".
    *   Let's look at the synonyms again. Sense 6: spot. Sense 8: chip, flake, fleck, scrap.
    *   "Scrap" is close, but "bit of paper" (6) is a very strong parallel to "bit of genetic material".

    *   Wait, I just noticed Sense 1 has "synonyms=piece". But the example is "nice piece of work". That's a different kind of "piece".
    *   Sense 6: "a small piece or quantity of something". This is the most general sense for a physical piece.

    *   Sense 6: "a small piece or quantity of something"
    *   Sense 8: "a small fragment of something broken off from the whole"
    *   If I have a "bit of paper", it's a small piece. If I have a "bit of rock", it's a fragment.
    *   Genetic material is more like a string (DNA). A "bit" of a string is a segment/piece.
    *   Sense 6 seems more appropriate for a general "piece" of a substance.

    *   Sense 6: "a small piece or quantity of something"
    *   Sense 8: "a small fragment of something broken off from the whole"
    *   The DNA was "lost", meaning it was removed. This makes it a fragment broken off from the whole chromosome.
    *   But "bit of genetic material" is used as a unit of measurement here ("smallest common bit"). This suggests "piece" in the sense of a segment.
    *   Let's look at Sense 6 again. "a bit of paper".
    *   Let's look at Sense 8 again. "a bit of rock".
    *   Actually, in many WordNet-based datasets, "a bit of [material]" is Sense 6.

    *   Sense 6: a small piece or quantity of something.
    *   Sense 8: a small fragment of something broken off from the whole.
    *   If the context is "the smallest common bit... lost", it's referring to the segment that is missing.
    *   Is a missing segment a "fragment broken off" or just a "small piece"?
    *   It's a small piece of the original.
    *   Let's try to find this specific example or similar ones in WSD corpora.
    *   "bit of genetic material" -> usually "small piece".
    *   Sense 6 is the most general and likely.

    *   Sense 1: instance (no)
    *   Sense 2: horse bit (no)
    *   Sense 3: snatch (no)
    *   Sense 4: morsel (no)
    *   Sense 5: key bit (no)
    *   Sense 6: small piece/quantity (yes)
    *   Sense 7: binary digit (no)
    *   Sense 8: fragment broken off (maybe)
    *   Sense 9: moment (no)
    *   Sense 10: act (no)
    *   Sense 11: drill bit (no)

    *   Sense 6: "a small piece or quantity of something"
    *   Sense 8: "a small fragment of something broken off from the whole"
    *   The phrase "smallest common bit" suggests they are looking for the minimum overlapping *segment*. "Segment" is a "piece".
    *   Sense 6 is the better fit for "piece of genetic material".

    *   Sense 6: "a small piece or quantity of something"
    *   Sense 8: "a small fragment of something broken off from the whole"
    *   If you have a "bit of paper", you might have torn it (broken it off).
    *   If you have a "bit of rock", it's definitely a fragment.
    *   The distinction is subtle. However, "bit of genetic material" is almost always treated as "a small piece".

    *   Sense 6: "a small piece or quantity of something"
    *   Sense 8: "a small fragment of something broken off from the whole"
    *   Wait, "scrap" is a synonym for Sense 8. "A scrap of genetic material" is possible.
    *   But "a bit of paper" (Sense 6) is a very common way to describe a small piece of a larger material.
    *   Let's go with Sense 6.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 6 again. Synonyms: "spot". Example: "a spot of tea; a bit of paper".
    *   Wait, "a spot of tea" is a "small quantity". "A bit of paper" is a "small piece".
    *   Sense 8: "a small fragment of something broken off from the whole". Synonyms: "chip, flake, fleck, scrap". Example: "a bit of rock caught him in the eye".
    *   The "bit of genetic material" was "lost", meaning it was deleted from the chromosome. This is very similar to a "chip" or "scrap" being broken off.
    *   However, the researchers are looking for the "smallest common bit", which refers to the *region* or *segment*.
    *   A "region" or "segment" is more of a "piece" (Sense 6) than a "fragment broken off" (Sense 8).
    *   Let's re-read: "looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene."
    *   The author uses "piece" to refer back to "bit".
    *   Sense 6: "a small piece or quantity of something".
    *   Sense 8: "a small fragment of something broken off from the whole".
    *   If the author says "Such a piece of DNA", and Sense 6 is "a small piece", it's a very strong match.

    *   Sense 6: a small piece or quantity of something.
    *   Sense 8: a small fragment of something broken off from the whole.
    *   The "bit" is the *part* that is missing. It's a segment.
    *   Sense 6 is the most general and fits "piece" perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: genetic
Target surface form: genetic
Context:
It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of <t>genetic</t> material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=genetic%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | synonyms=genic, genetical | examples=genic combinations; genetic code
2. sense_key=genetic%3:01:01:: | definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
3. sense_key=genetic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | synonyms=genetical | examples=genetic research
4. sense_key=genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00 | definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | synonyms=familial, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible | examples=an inherited disease; familial traits

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `genetic`
    *   Target surface form: `genetic`
    *   Context: "...looking for the smallest common bit of <t>genetic</t> material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `genetic%3:01:02::`: of or relating to or produced by or being a gene (synonyms: genic, genetical; examples: genic combinations; genetic code)
        2.  `genetic%3:01:01::`: pertaining to or referring to origin (examples: genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work)
        3.  `genetic%3:01:00::`: of or relating to the science of genetics (synonyms: genetical; examples: genetic research)
        4.  `genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00`: occurring among members of a family usually by heredity (synonyms: familial, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible; examples: an inherited disease; familial traits)

    *   The phrase is "genetic material".
    *   The context mentions "gene", "chromosome 17", "gene probes", and "DNA".
    *   "Genetic material" refers to the actual physical substance (DNA/RNA) that carries genetic information (genes).

    *   Sense 1: "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene". This fits "genetic material" perfectly, as DNA is the material that *is* or *relates to* genes.
    *   Sense 2: "pertaining to or referring to origin". This is about etymology or origins (e.g., literary work). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: "of or relating to the science of genetics". This refers to the field of study (e.g., genetic research). "Genetic material" is not the science itself, but the object of study.
    *   Sense 4: "occurring among members of a family usually by heredity". This refers to inherited traits or diseases. While genes are inherited, "genetic material" in this context refers to the physical DNA sequence lost in tumor cells, not the pattern of inheritance across a family.

    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "being a gene" or "relating to a gene". DNA is the material that constitutes genes. "Genetic material" is a standard term for DNA/RNA.

    *   Sense 1: `genetic%3:01:02::` (of or relating to or produced by or being a gene)
    *   Sense 3: `genetic%3:01:00::` (of or relating to the science of genetics)
    *   Comparing "genetic material" (the substance) vs "genetic research" (the science). "Material" is the substance, making Sense 1 the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: material
Target surface form: material
Context:
It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic <t>material</t> lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=material%1:10:00:: | definition=information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form | examples=the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography
2. sense_key=material%1:27:00:: | definition=the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object | synonyms=stuff | examples=coal is a hard black material; wheat is the stuff they use to make bread
3. sense_key=material%1:06:00:: | definition=artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers | synonyms=fabric, cloth, textile | examples=the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent; woven cloth originated in Mesopotamia around 5000 BC
4. sense_key=material%1:18:00:: | definition=a person judged suitable for admission or employment | examples=he was university material; she was vice-presidential material
5. sense_key=material%1:06:01:: | definition=things needed for doing or making something | examples=writing materials; useful teaching materials

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `material`
    *   Target surface form: `material`
    *   Context: "...looking for the smallest common bit of genetic <t>material</t> lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Information (data, ideas, observations) for a finished form.
        2.  Tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object (synonym: stuff).
        3.  Fabric/cloth/textile.
        4.  A person suitable for admission/employment.
        5.  Things needed for doing or making something.

    *   The context refers to "genetic material" and "a piece of DNA".
    *   DNA is a physical substance (a molecule) that makes up the genetic structure of an organism.
    *   Sense 1 (information) is tempting because DNA carries information, but "genetic material" usually refers to the physical substance (DNA/RNA) itself.
    *   Sense 2 (tangible substance) fits best because DNA is the physical "stuff" that makes up the genetic makeup.
    *   Sense 3 (fabric) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 4 (person) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 5 (things needed for making something) is incorrect.

    *   "Genetic material" is a standard term referring to the physical DNA/RNA.
    *   Sense 2: "the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object". DNA is the tangible substance that makes up the genome.

    *   Sense 1: "information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form". This is more about source material for a book or a project.
    *   Sense 2: "the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object". This fits the physical nature of DNA.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lose
Target surface form: lost
Context:
It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material <t>lost</t> in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lose%2:40:02:: | definition=fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense | examples=She lost her purse when she left it unattended on her seat
2. sense_key=lose%2:39:00:: | definition=allow to go out of sight | examples=The detective lost the man he was shadowing after he had to stop at a red light
3. sense_key=lose%2:35:00:: | definition=place (something) where one cannot find it again | synonyms=misplace, mislay | examples=I misplaced my eyeglasses
4. sense_key=lose%2:40:01:: | definition=miss from one's possessions; lose sight of | examples=I've lost my glasses again!
5. sense_key=lose%2:37:00:: | definition=suffer the loss of a person through death or removal | examples=She lost her husband in the war; The couple that wanted to adopt the child lost her when the biological parents claimed her
6. sense_key=lose%2:39:01:: | definition=fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind | synonyms=miss | examples=I missed that remark; She missed his point
7. sense_key=lose%2:40:06:: | definition=fail to make money in a business; make a loss or fail to profit | synonyms=turn a loss | examples=I lost thousands of dollars on that bad investment!; The company turned a loss after the first year
8. sense_key=lose%2:33:00:: | definition=fail to win | examples=We lost the battle but we won the war
9. sense_key=lose%2:40:00:: | definition=fail to get or obtain | examples=I lost the opportunity to spend a year abroad
10. sense_key=lose%2:30:03:: | definition=be set at a disadvantage | synonyms=suffer | examples=This author really suffers in translation
11. sense_key=lose%2:33:01:: | definition=retreat | synonyms=fall back, drop off, fall behind, recede

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `lose`
    *   Target surface form: `lost`
    *   Context: "...looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material <t>lost</t> in all tumor cells."
    *   Meaning: The genetic material is no longer present in the tumor cells. It has been deleted or removed.

    *   Sense 1: `fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense` (Example: She lost her purse).
    *   Sense 2: `allow to go out of sight` (Example: The detective lost the man).
    *   Sense 3: `place (something) where one cannot find it again` (Synonyms: misplace, mislay).
    *   Sense 4: `miss from one's possessions; lose sight of` (Example: I've lost my glasses again!).
    *   Sense 5: `suffer the loss of a person through death or removal`.
    *   Sense 6: `fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind` (Synonyms: miss).
    *   Sense 7: `fail to make money in a business`.
    *   Sense 8: `fail to win`.
    *   Sense 9: `fail to get or obtain`.
    *   Sense 10: `be set at a disadvantage`.
    *   Sense 11: `retreat`.

    *   The context describes "gene losses" and "genetic material lost in all tumor cells."
    *   This means the cells "ceased to have" that specific genetic material.
    *   Sense 1 ("fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have") fits best. It covers the physical loss of a part of the genome.
    *   Sense 3 and 4 imply misplacing something that still exists but is not found.
    *   Sense 5 is about people.
    *   Sense 9 is about failing to obtain something.

    *   Sense 1: "cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense". This perfectly describes a deletion of genetic material.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor <t>cells</t>. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
2. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
6. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
7. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cell`
    *   Target surface form: `cells`
    *   Context: "...looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor <t>cells</t>."
    *   Surrounding context: "colon cancer", "gene", "molecular biologists", "tumor", "chromosome 17", "DNA".

    *   Sense 1: Mobile phone. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Prison cell. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Electric cell/battery. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Monk/nun's room. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Small compartment (e.g., honeycomb). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Political unit/cadre. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: (biology) basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. (Correct)

    *   The context is explicitly biological, discussing cancer, genes, and tumors. "Tumor cells" refers to the biological units that make up the tumor. This matches Sense 7 perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: piece
Target surface form: piece
Context:
Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a <t>piece</t> of DNA would probably constitute a gene. When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=piece%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance of some kind | synonyms=bit | examples=it was a nice piece of work; he had a bit of good luck
2. sense_key=piece%1:21:00:: | definition=a share of something | synonyms=slice | examples=a slice of the company's revenue
3. sense_key=piece%1:06:02:: | definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | synonyms=man | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board; he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage
4. sense_key=piece%1:06:04:: | definition=a work of art of some artistic value | synonyms=objet d'art, art object | examples=this store sells only objets d'art; it is not known who created this piece
5. sense_key=piece%1:10:02:: | definition=an artistic or literary composition | examples=he wrote an interesting piece on Iran; the children acted out a comic piece to amuse the guests
6. sense_key=piece%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of indeterminate length (usually short) marked by some action or condition | synonyms=while, spell, patch | examples=he was here for a little while; I need to rest for a piece
7. sense_key=piece%1:17:00:: | definition=a portion of a natural object | synonyms=part | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite
8. sense_key=piece%1:06:00:: | definition=a separate part of a whole | examples=an important piece of the evidence
9. sense_key=piece%1:13:00:: | definition=a serving that has been cut from a larger portion | synonyms=slice | examples=a piece of pie; a slice of bread
10. sense_key=piece%1:10:01:: | definition=a musical work that has been created | synonyms=musical composition, opus, composition, piece of music | examples=the composition is written in four movements
11. sense_key=piece%1:06:03:: | definition=a portable gun | synonyms=firearm, small-arm | examples=he wore his firearm in a shoulder holster
12. sense_key=piece%1:07:00:: | definition=a distance | examples=it is down the road a piece
13. sense_key=piece%1:06:05:: | definition=an item that is an instance of some type | examples=he designed a new piece of equipment; she bought a lovely piece of china

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "piece"
    *   Context: "looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a <t>piece</t> of DNA would probably constitute a gene."
    *   Meaning: A small part or segment of DNA.

    *   1: an instance of some kind (e.g., piece of work, bit of luck) - *No*
    *   2: a share of something (e.g., slice of revenue) - *No*
    *   3: game equipment (e.g., chess piece) - *No*
    *   4: a work of art (e.g., objet d'art) - *No*
    *   5: an artistic or literary composition (e.g., piece on Iran) - *No*
    *   6: a period of indeterminate length (e.g., for a piece) - *No*
    *   7: a portion of a natural object (e.g., piece of granite, river into three parts) - *Possible*
    *   8: a separate part of a whole (e.g., piece of the evidence) - *Possible*
    *   9: a serving cut from a larger portion (e.g., piece of pie) - *No*
    *   10: a musical work - *No*
    *   11: a portable gun - *No*
    *   12: a distance - *No*
    *   13: an item that is an instance of some type (e.g., piece of equipment) - *No*

    *   Sense 7: "a portion of a natural object" (synonym: part). Examples: "analyzed the river into three parts", "piece of granite".
    *   Sense 8: "a separate part of a whole". Example: "an important piece of the evidence".

    *   DNA is a natural biological molecule/object.
    *   The context mentions "the smallest common bit of genetic material".
    *   "Piece of DNA" refers to a segment or portion of the DNA molecule.
    *   Sense 7 specifically mentions "portion of a natural object". DNA is a natural object.
    *   Sense 8 is more general ("separate part of a whole").

    *   Sense 7: "a portion of a natural object" (synonyms: part).
    *   Sense 8: "a separate part of a whole".
    *   Comparing "piece of granite" (Sense 7) to "piece of DNA", they are very similar (both are physical, natural substances).
    *   Comparing "piece of the evidence" (Sense 8) to "piece of DNA", the evidence is more abstract.

    *   DNA is a physical, natural substance. Sense 7 fits best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: probably
Target surface form: probably
Context:
Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would <t>probably</t> constitute a gene. When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=probably%4:02:01:: | definition=easy to believe on the basis of available evidence | synonyms=credibly, believably, plausibly | examples=he talked plausibly before the committee; he will probably win the election
2. sense_key=probably%4:02:00:: | definition=with considerable certainty; without much doubt | synonyms=likely, in all likelihood, in all probability, belike | examples=He is probably out of the country; in all likelihood we are headed for war

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "probably"
    *   Target surface form: "probably"
    *   Context: "Such a piece of DNA would <t>probably</t> constitute a gene."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `probably%4:02:01::`: easy to believe on the basis of available evidence (credibly, believably, plausibly).
        2.  `probably%4:02:00::`: with considerable certainty; without much doubt (likely, in all likelihood).

    *   The sentence is: "Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene."
    *   The researchers are looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells.
    *   They are making a prediction or stating a likelihood: if they find this specific piece of DNA, it is *likely* (with considerable certainty) to be a gene.

    *   Sense 1 (credibly/plausibly): This sense refers to whether a statement or person is believable. Example: "he talked plausibly before the committee."
    *   Sense 2 (likely/in all probability): This sense refers to the probability of an event or state of affairs. Example: "He is probably out of the country."

    *   In "Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene," the word "probably" is used to express the likelihood that the DNA piece is a gene. This matches Sense 2 ("with considerable certainty; without much doubt"). It does not mean "credibly" or "plausibly" in the sense of a person's testimony being believable.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: constitute
Target surface form: constitute
Context:
Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably <t>constitute</t> a gene. When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=constitute%2:36:00:: | definition=set up or lay the groundwork for | synonyms=establish, found, plant, institute | examples=establish a new department
2. sense_key=constitute%2:42:00:: | definition=form or compose | synonyms=represent, make up, comprise, be | examples=This money is my only income; The stone wall was the backdrop for the performance
3. sense_key=constitute%2:42:03:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, make | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
4. sense_key=constitute%2:41:00:: | definition=create and charge with a task or function | synonyms=appoint, name, nominate | examples=nominate a committee

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `constitute`
    *   Target surface form: `constitute`
    *   Context: "Such a piece of DNA would probably <t>constitute</t> a gene."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "constitute" means that a specific piece of DNA would *be* or *make up* a gene.

    *   Sense 1: `set up or lay the groundwork for` (establish, found). (Incorrect: Not about establishing an organization or department).
    *   Sense 2: `form or compose` (represent, make up, comprise, be). Example: "This money is my only income." (Fits well: The DNA piece *is* the gene).
    *   Sense 3: `to compose or represent` (form, make). Example: "This wall forms the background..." (Also fits well).
    *   Sense 4: `create and charge with a task or function` (appoint, name). (Incorrect: Not about appointing a person/committee).

    *   Sense 2: `form or compose` (synonyms: represent, make up, comprise, be).
    *   Sense 3: `to compose or represent` (synonyms: form, make).
    *   Looking closer at the WordNet structure (though the keys are provided), Sense 2 and Sense 3 are very similar.
    *   Sense 2: "form or compose" (synonyms: represent, make up, comprise, be). Example: "This money is my only income."
    *   Sense 3: "to compose or represent" (synonyms: form, make). Example: "This wall forms the background of the stage setting."
    *   In the sentence "Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene," the DNA piece *is* the gene (or makes up the gene).
    *   Comparing "This money is my only income" (Sense 2) with "This wall forms the background" (Sense 3).
    *   "This money is my only income" is a statement of identity/composition (X constitutes Y).
    *   "This wall forms the background" is more about physical arrangement/composition.
    *   "A piece of DNA would constitute a gene" is more like "This money is my only income" (X is Y).

    *Wait*, let me re-evaluate Sense 2 and 3.
    Sense 2: `form or compose` (represent, make up, comprise, be).
    Sense 3: `to compose or represent` (form, make).

    Actually, in many WordNet versions, Sense 2 (constitute%2:42:00) is the general "be equivalent to" or "make up" sense.
    Example: "This money is my only income" -> The money *constitutes* the income.
    Example: "Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene" -> The DNA *constitutes* the gene.

    Sense 3 (constitute%2:42:03) is often more about physical composition.
    Example: "The branches made a roof."

    The DNA piece *is* the gene in this context. Sense 2's synonym "be" and example "This money is my only income" align best with "DNA constitutes a gene."

    *Self-Correction:* Let's look at the synonyms again.
    Sense 2: represent, make up, comprise, be.
    Sense 3: form, make.

    "Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene."
    Does it "make up" a gene? Yes.
    Does it "be" a gene? Yes.
    Does it "form" a gene? Yes.

    Usually, "constitute" in the sense of "be equivalent to" or "amount to" is Sense 2.
    "This money is my only income" = This money constitutes my only income.
    "This piece of DNA constitutes a gene" = This piece of DNA is a gene.

    Sense 2 seems the most precise fit for "X is Y" or "X makes up Y".

    Sense 2: `constitute%2:42:00`
    Sense 3: `constitute%2:42:03`
    (Note: The indices provided in the prompt are 1, 2, 3, 4).

    Sense 2: form or compose (represent, make up, comprise, be)
    Sense 3: to compose or represent (form, make)

    Looking at the examples:
    Sense 2: "This money is my only income" (X is Y)
    Sense 3: "The branches made a roof" (X physically forms Y)

    "A piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene."
    Is it physical formation (like branches making a roof) or identity/equivalence (like money being income)?
    It's more about identity/equivalence in a biological definition. The piece of DNA *is* the gene.

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the better fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: found
Context:
"It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene. When they <t>found</t> it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over. His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
2. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
3. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
4. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
5. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
6. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
7. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
8. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
9. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
12. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
13. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
14. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
15. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `find`
    *   Target surface form: `found`
    *   Context: "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers... experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells... When they <t>found</t> it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious..."

    *   The researchers were "looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells."
    *   They "experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17."
    *   They "found it last winter."
    *   The "it" refers to the "smallest common bit of genetic material."

    *   Sense 1: come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost (e.g., glasses, gloves).
    *   Sense 2: make a discovery, make a new finding (e.g., X-rays, new elementary particle).
    *   Sense 3: establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (e.g., product of two numbers, elusive particle).
    *   Sense 4: discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of (e.g., lead in water).
    *   Sense 8: make a discovery (e.g., found that he had lied).
    *   Sense 13: come upon, as if by accident (e.g., idea in Plato).

    *   The researchers were conducting a systematic search ("experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17") to identify a specific piece of DNA.
    *   This is a scientific discovery process.
    *   Sense 2 ("make a discovery, make a new finding") and Sense 3 ("establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study") are very close.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle."
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 3: "find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize."
    *   The context describes a search for a specific physical entity (a bit of genetic material) that was previously unknown/unidentified.
    *   Sense 2 focuses on the act of discovery (making a new finding).
    *   Sense 3 focuses on establishing a result through investigation/experiment.
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 4: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" (e.g., "found traces of lead in the paint"). This is also close.
    *   However, the context says they were "looking for" it and then they "found it." This implies a search for a specific target.
    *   Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 3 again:
        *   Sense 2: "make a discovery, make a new finding" (Synonym: discover).
        *   Sense 3: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" (Synonyms: determine, find out, ascertain).
    *   The researchers were looking for a specific piece of DNA. Finding it is a discovery.
    *   Let's re-read the context: "looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material... When they found it..."
    *   This sounds like they were searching for a specific location/entity on the chromosome.
    *   Sense 2's example "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle" is very similar to finding a specific gene/DNA sequence.
    *   Sense 3's example "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize" is also very similar.
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1: "come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost." This usually applies to everyday objects (glasses, gloves).
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "make a discovery, make a new finding."
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study."
    *   The process described ("experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17") is an investigation/experiment.
    *   However, "found it" in "When they found it last winter" refers to the object they were looking for.
    *   In scientific contexts, "finding a gene" is typically categorized as a discovery.
    *   Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 3 more closely.
        *   Sense 2: discover (e.g., X-rays, new particle).
        *   Sense 3: determine/ascertain (e.g., product of numbers, elusive particle).
    *   Actually, Sense 2 and Sense 3 are extremely similar. Let's check the synonyms.
        *   Sense 2: discover.
        *   Sense 3: determine, find out, ascertain.
    *   "Finding a gene" is more about discovery (Sense 2) than determining a value or ascertaining a fact (Sense 3).
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 4: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" (detect, observe). "We found traces of lead in the paint." This is more about detection.
    *   The researchers were searching for a specific *piece* of DNA.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2 vs Sense 3.
        *   Sense 2: "make a discovery, make a new finding"
        *   Sense 3: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study"
    *   The act of "finding the gene" is the discovery itself.
    *   Let's look at the examples again.
        *   Sense 2: "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle"
        *   Sense 3: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize"
    *   These examples are almost identical in meaning. This is tricky.
    *   Let's look at the nuance. Sense 2 is "make a discovery." Sense 3 is "establish after... investigation."
    *   The context says they "experimentally crawled down the length... looking for... When they found it..."
    *   This emphasizes the process of investigation leading to the result.
    *   However, "found it" refers to the object (the bit of genetic material).
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again. "Roentgen discovered X-rays."
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again. "find the product of two numbers."
    *   Actually, Sense 2 seems more appropriate for discovering a new entity (like a gene), while Sense 3 is often used for determining a value or a specific fact.
    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 2 and Sense 3 one more time.
        *   Sense 2: make a discovery, make a new finding.
        *   Sense 3: establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study.
    *   If the focus is on the *result* (the discovery of the gene), it's Sense 2. If the focus is on the *process* of establishing it through study, it's Sense 3.
    *   The sentence "When they found it last winter" focuses on the moment the discovery was made.
    *   Let's check Sense 2's synonyms: "discover".
    *   Let's check Sense 3's synonyms: "determine, find out, ascertain".
    *   "They discovered the gene" vs "They determined the gene." "Discovered" is much more natural.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is a stronger candidate.

    *   Sense 1: "come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost" (glasses, gloves). This is for things that were already known to exist but were misplaced. The gene wasn't "lost" in that sense; it was unknown.
    *   Sense 4: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" (detect, observe). "We found traces of lead." This is more about detection of something already there.
    *   Sense 8: "make a discovery" (e.g., "found that he had lied"). This is usually followed by a "that" clause (finding a fact).

    *   Sense 2: "make a discovery, make a new finding" (Synonym: discover). Example: "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle."
    *   This matches "found [the smallest common bit of genetic material]" perfectly.

    *   Wait, I just noticed Sense 3 also has "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize."
    *   Let's look at the difference between "a new elementary particle" (Sense 2) and "the elusive particle" (Sense 3).
    *   "A new particle" (Sense 2) = discovery of something previously unknown.
    *   "The elusive particle" (Sense 3) = establishing the identity/location of something that was sought after.
    *   In the context, they were "looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells." This was a specific target they were seeking.
    *   Does this make it "the elusive particle" (Sense 3) or "a new particle" (Sense 2)?
    *   Actually, the "smallest common bit" was the target of their search.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study."
    *   The researchers "experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17." This is a clear "investigation/experiment."
    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "make a discovery, make a new finding."
    *   This is also true.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms again.
        *   Sense 2: discover.
        *   Sense 3: determine, find out, ascertain.
    *   "They discovered the gene" (Sense 2) vs "They determined the gene" (Sense 3).
    *   In scientific literature, "finding a gene" is almost always "discovering" it.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 3 again: "find the product of two numbers." This is very different from finding a gene.
    *   The "elusive particle" example in Sense 3 might be about *determining* its properties or *ascertaining* its existence after a long search.
    *   But "found it" in the context "When they found it last winter" is a simple discovery of the target.

    *   Sense 2: make a discovery, make a new finding.
    *   Sense 3: establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study.
    *   The context: "looking for the smallest common bit... When they found it..."
    *   This is the classic "search and find" pattern, but in a scientific context.
    *   If it's a scientific discovery, Sense 2 is the most direct fit.

    *   Sense 1: "come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost"
    *   Wait, "find the location of something that was missed or lost."
    *   Could the "smallest common bit of genetic material" be considered "lost" or "missed"? No, not in the way glasses are lost.
    *   But Sense 1 is "come upon after searching."
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 2.
    *   Sense 1: "Did you find your glasses?"
    *   Sense 2: "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle."
    *   The gene is much more like the elementary particle than the glasses.

    *   Sense 2: discover.
    *   Sense 3: determine, find out, ascertain.
    *   "They found the gene" = "They discovered the gene."
    *   This points strongly to Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: last
Target surface form: last
Context:
"It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene. When they found it <t>last</t> winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over. His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unalterable:00 | definition=not to be altered or undone | synonyms=final | examples=the judge's decision is final; the arbiter will have the last say
2. sense_key=last%3:00:00:: | definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
3. sense_key=last%5:00:00:dying:00 | definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites
4. sense_key=last%5:00:00:ultimate:00 | definition=conclusive in a process or progression | synonyms=final, net | examples=the final answer; a last resort
5. sense_key=last%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
6. sense_key=last%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=highest in extent or degree | synonyms=utmost | examples=to the last measure of human endurance; whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually
7. sense_key=last%5:00:00:worst:00 | definition=lowest in rank or importance | synonyms=last-place, lowest | examples=last prize; in last place
8. sense_key=last%5:00:00:closing:00 | definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
9. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unlikely:00 | definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected; the last man they would have chosen for the job

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "last"
    *   Target surface form: "last"
    *   Context: "When they found it <t>last</t> winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over."

    *   Sense 1: unalterable (final decision)
    *   Sense 2: coming after all others in time/space/degree (the last time I saw Paris)
    *   Sense 3: dying (last words)
    *   Sense 4: ultimate (conclusive, last resort)
    *   Sense 5: immediately past (last Thursday, the last chapter we read)
    *   Sense 6: high (utmost degree)
    *   Sense 7: worst (lowest rank)
    *   Sense 8: closing (concluding words)
    *   Sense 9: unlikely (the last person we would have suspected)

    *   The phrase is "last winter".
    *   In this context, "last winter" refers to the winter immediately preceding the current time or the time being discussed in the narrative.
    *   This matches Sense 5: "immediately past" (Example: "last Thursday").

    *   Sense 2 ("coming after all others") usually refers to the final item in a sequence (e.g., "the last day of the month"). While "last winter" could technically be the final winter of something, in the phrase "found it last winter", it clearly means the most recent winter.
    *   Sense 5 ("immediately past") is the standard meaning for "last [time period]" (last week, last year, last winter).