[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: country
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the <t>country</t>, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
2. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
3. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `country`
    *   Target surface form: `country`
    *   Context: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the <t>country</t>, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
    *   Key clues: "the oldest bell-ringing group in the country", "Britain's most prestigious churches", "This being Britain".

    *   Sense 1: `country%1:14:01::` - the people who live in a nation or country (nation, land).
    *   Sense 2: `country%1:14:00::` - a politically organized body of people under a single government (state, nation, land, commonwealth).
    *   Sense 3: `country%1:15:00::` - the territory occupied by a nation (state, land).
    *   Sense 4: `country%1:15:01::` - an area outside of cities and towns (rural area).
    *   Sense 5: `country%1:15:02::` - a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (area).

    *   The context refers to "the oldest bell-ringing group in the country" and immediately links it to "Britain's most prestigious churches" and "This being Britain".
    *   The "country" here refers to the entire nation of Britain.
    *   Is it the *people* (Sense 1), the *political entity* (Sense 2), or the *territory* (Sense 3)?
    *   "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country" usually refers to the geographical/territorial extent of the nation (Sense 3) or the nation as a whole.
    *   Comparing Sense 2 (political body) and Sense 3 (territory):
        *   Sense 2: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" (e.g., "African nations").
        *   Sense 3: "the territory occupied by a nation" (e.g., "he visited several European countries").
    *   In the phrase "the oldest... in the country", "country" typically refers to the geographical area/territory of the nation. If you say "the tallest building in the country", you mean the territory.

    *   Sense 1 (people): Not the people, but the place where the group exists.
    *   Sense 2 (political body): While Britain is a political body, "in the country" usually denotes the spatial/territorial extent.
    *   Sense 3 (territory): Fits best. "The oldest group in the [territory of Britain]".
    *   Sense 4 (rural): Not referring to the countryside here, but the whole of Britain.
    *   Sense 5 (region): Too vague; Britain is a defined nation.

    *   Sense 3 is the standard meaning for "in the country" when referring to a nation's territory.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: found
Target surface form: founded
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, <t>founded</t> in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=detect%2:39:00:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, find, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
2. sense_key=determine%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
3. sense_key=found%2:41:00:: | definition=set up or found | synonyms=establish, set up, launch | examples=She set up a literacy program
4. sense_key=found%2:36:00:: | definition=set up or lay the groundwork for | synonyms=establish, plant, constitute, institute | examples=establish a new department
5. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | synonyms=find | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
6. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=find, feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
7. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=find, regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
8. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | synonyms=find | examples=The arrow found its mark
9. sense_key=found%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, base, ground | examples=base a claim on some observation
10. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=find, happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
11. sense_key=line_up%2:40:00:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up, find | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
12. sense_key=recover%2:40:00:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, find, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
13. sense_key=rule%2:32:00:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule, find | examples=find someone guilty
14. sense_key=receive%2:30:01:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, find, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
15. sense_key=find_oneself%2:30:00:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself, find | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself
16. sense_key=discover%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover, find | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
17. sense_key=witness%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
18. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | synonyms=find | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
19. sense_key=discover%2:31:00:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover, find | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `found`
    *   Target surface form: `founded`
    *   Context: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, <t>founded</t> in 1637, remains male-only..."
    *   Meaning: The group was established or set up in 1637.

    *   Sense 1: detect (discover existence) - No.
    *   Sense 2: determine (calculate/investigate) - No.
    *   Sense 3: found (set up or found) - Synonyms: establish, set up, launch. Example: "She set up a literacy program." (Strong candidate)
    *   Sense 4: found (set up or lay the groundwork for) - Synonyms: establish, plant, constitute, institute. Example: "establish a new department." (Strong candidate)
    *   Sense 5: find (obtain through effort) - No.
    *   Sense 6: find (believe based on emotion) - No.
    *   Sense 7: find (come upon after searching) - No.
    *   Sense 8: find (succeed in reaching) - No.
    *   Sense 9: found (use as a basis for) - No.
    *   Sense 10: find (come upon by accident) - No.
    *   Sense 11: line up (get for a purpose) - No.
    *   Sense 12: recover (get back) - No.
    *   Sense 13: rule (decide/declare) - No.
    *   Sense 14: receive (receive treatment) - No.
    *   Sense 15: find oneself (personality/abilities) - No.
    *   Sense 16: discover (make a discovery) - No.
    *   Sense 17: witness (perceive/contemporaneous) - No.
    *   Sense 18: find (perceive oneself in a condition) - No.
    *   Sense 19: discover (make a discovery) - No.

    *   Sense 3: "set up or found" (Synonyms: establish, set up, launch). Example: "She set up a literacy program."
    *   Sense 4: "set up or lay the groundwork for" (Synonyms: establish, plant, constitute, institute). Example: "establish a new department."

    *   The context is about the "Ancient Society of College Youths," which is an organization/group.
    *   "Founded in 1637" means the organization was established.
    *   Both Sense 3 and Sense 4 are very similar. Let's look closer at the nuances.
    *   Sense 3: "set up or found" (establish, set up, launch).
    *   Sense 4: "set up or lay the groundwork for" (establish, plant, constitute, institute).
    *   Usually, "founding" an organization (like a society) fits Sense 3 ("set up or found") better than "laying the groundwork for" (Sense 4), although they are nearly identical.
    *   Wait, let's re-examine the WordNet structure if possible. Often, "found" (the verb meaning to establish) is split into "founding an organization" and "founding a theory/idea".
    *   Sense 3: "set up or found" (establish, set up, launch).
    *   Sense 4: "set up or lay the groundwork for" (establish, plant, constitute, institute).
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 3: "She set up a literacy program." (An organization/program)
        *   Sense 4: "establish a new department." (A department within an organization)
    *   The "Ancient Society of College Youths" is a society/organization. Sense 3 seems slightly more appropriate for the creation of the entity itself.

    *   Wait, let me double-check the senses again.
    *   Sense 3: `found%2:41:00::` definition=set up or found | synonyms=establish, set up, launch
    *   Sense 4: `found%2:36:00::` definition=set up or lay the groundwork for | synonyms=establish, plant, constitute, institute
    *   In many WordNet versions, `found%2:41:00` is the primary sense for establishing an organization.

    *   Target: "The oldest bell-ringing group... founded in 1637"
    *   This is clearly the act of establishing the group.
    *   Sense 3: "set up or found" (establish, set up, launch).
    *   Sense 4: "set up or lay the groundwork for" (establish, plant, constitute, institute).
    *   Sense 3 is the most direct fit for "founding" a society.

    *   Sense 3: set up or found (establish, set up, launch)
    *   Sense 4: set up or lay the groundwork for (establish, plant, constitute, institute)
    *   The "Ancient Society of College Youths" is a group/society. "Founded" here means it was established. Sense 3 is the most standard fit for this usage.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remain
Target surface form: remains
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, <t>remains</t> male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remain%2:42:03:: | definition=continue in a place, position, or situation | synonyms=stay, stay on, continue | examples=After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please
2. sense_key=remain%2:42:01:: | definition=stay behind | synonyms=persist, stay | examples=The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up
3. sense_key=remain%2:42:05:: | definition=be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc. | examples=There remains the question of who pulled the trigger; Carter remains the only President in recent history under whose Presidency the U.S. did not fight a war
4. sense_key=remain%2:30:00:: | definition=stay the same; remain in a certain state | synonyms=stay, rest | examples=The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it; rest assured

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `remain`
    *   Target surface form: `remains`
    *   Context: "...the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, <t>remains</t> male-only..."
    *   Meaning: The society continues to be male-only. It has stayed in that state since its founding.

    *   Sense 1: `continue in a place, position, or situation` (e.g., "stayed on in Cambridge"). This often implies physical location or a role.
    *   Sense 2: `stay behind` (e.g., "The smell stayed in the room"). This implies persistence after others have gone or changed.
    *   Sense 3: `be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc.` (e.g., "There remains the question..."). This often refers to what is left over.
    *   Sense 4: `stay the same; remain in a certain state` (e.g., "The dress remained wet").

    *   The context is "remains male-only".
    *   "Male-only" is a state or condition.
    *   The society is continuing to be in that state.
    *   Sense 4 specifically mentions "remain in a certain state" and gives the example "The dress remained wet". "Male-only" is analogous to "wet" (a state/attribute).
    *   Sense 1 is more about position/situation (like a job or a city).
    *   Sense 2 is about persisting after something else.
    *   Sense 3 is about being left over.

    *   Sense 4: "stay the same; remain in a certain state". This fits perfectly.

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 3's example: "Carter remains the only President...". This looks like a state too.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc."
    *   Let's re-read Sense 4: "stay the same; remain in a certain state".
    *   "Male-only" is a state. "The dress remained wet" is a state.
    *   "Carter remains the only President" is more about being the only one *left* or *still* being the only one in a set.
    *   Actually, looking at the WordNet structure (though I shouldn't rely on external keys, I should use the provided glosses), "remain in a certain state" (Sense 4) is the most direct fit for "remains male-only".

    *   Sense 1: continue in a place, position, or situation.
    *   Sense 2: stay behind.
    *   Sense 3: be left.
    *   Sense 4: stay the same; remain in a certain state.

    "The Ancient Society of College Youths... remains male-only."
    This is clearly describing a state that has not changed.

    Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fact
Target surface form: fact
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a <t>fact</t> that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fact%1:09:01:: | definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case
2. sense_key=fact%1:26:01:: | definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact; how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell
3. sense_key=fact%1:09:02:: | definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts
4. sense_key=fact%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `fact`
    *   Target surface form: `fact`
    *   Context: "...the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a <t>fact</t> that's particularly galling to women..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `fact%1:09:01::`: a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred.
        2.  `fact%1:26:01::`: an event known to have happened or something known to have existed.
        3.  `fact%1:09:02::`: a concept whose truth can be proved.
        4.  `fact%1:10:01::`: a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened.

    *   The sentence says: "...remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women..."
    *   The "fact" refers to the state of the Ancient Society of College Youths remaining male-only.
    *   This is a piece of information about a current circumstance (the society is male-only).

    *   Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred." (Fits well: the circumstance is that the society is male-only).
    *   Sense 2: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed." (This is more about a specific event or a historical existence, whereas "male-only" is a current state/circumstance).
    *   Sense 3: "a concept whose truth can be proved." (This is more about scientific or logical facts).
    *   Sense 4: "a statement or assertion of verified information..." (This refers to the *statement* of the fact, not the fact itself. The text says "remains male-only, a fact...", where "fact" refers back to the situation, not the sentence stating it).

    *   The phrase "remains male-only, a fact that's..." uses "fact" as an appositive referring to the preceding clause/situation.
    *   Sense 1 describes a "piece of information about circumstances that exist". The circumstance is that the group is male-only. This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: piece of information about circumstances.
    *   Sense 2: event known to have happened.
    *   Sense 3: concept whose truth can be proved.
    *   Sense 4: statement or assertion.

    The "fact" here is the circumstance of the group being male-only. Sense 1 is the most accurate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: particularly
Target surface form: particularly
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's <t>particularly</t> galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=particularly%4:02:01:: | definition=uniquely or characteristically; ; ; - John Knowles | synonyms=peculiarly | examples=these peculiarly cinematic elements; a peculiarly French phenomenon
2. sense_key=particularly%4:02:00:: | definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | synonyms=peculiarly, especially, specially | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling; a particularly gruesome attack
3. sense_key=particularly%4:02:02:: | definition=specifically or especially distinguished from others | synonyms=in particular | examples=loves Bach, particularly his partitas; recommended one book in particular

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "particularly"
    *   Context: "...the Ancient Society of College Youths... remains male-only, a fact that's <t>particularly</t> galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches..."
    *   Meaning: The fact that the group is male-only is *especially* or *to a greater degree* galling to women (compared to others or compared to a normal level of galling).

    *   Sense 1: "uniquely or characteristically" (e.g., "peculiarly French phenomenon"). This implies a characteristic trait of a specific group or thing.
    *   Sense 2: "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common" (e.g., "particularly fussy", "particularly gruesome"). This is an intensifier meaning "especially" or "very".
    *   Sense 3: "specifically or especially distinguished from others" (e.g., "loves Bach, particularly his partitas"). This is used for singling out a specific item from a set.

    *   The sentence says the fact is "particularly galling".
    *   Is it "uniquely/characteristically galling" (Sense 1)? No, it's not a characteristic of "galling" to be this way.
    *   Is it "specifically distinguished from others" (Sense 3)? No, it's not singling out one "galling" thing from a list of other "galling" things in a categorical way (though it is singling out the fact, the word "particularly" modifies the adjective "galling").
    *   Is it "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common" (Sense 2)? Yes. It means it is *very* galling or *especially* galling.

    *   "particularly galling" $\approx$ "especially galling" or "very galling".
    *   This matches Sense 2: "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to <t>women</t> because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `woman`
    *   Target surface form: `women`
    *   Context: "...a fact that's particularly galling to <t>women</t> because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `woman%1:18:00::`: an adult female person (as opposed to a man)
        2.  `woman%1:14:00::`: women as a class (womanhood, fair sex)
        3.  `woman%1:18:02::`: a human female employed to do housework (charwoman)
        4.  `woman%1:18:01::`: a female person who plays a significant role in the life of a particular man (wife/mistress)

    *   The sentence discusses the exclusion of women from the Ancient Society of College Youths.
    *   It mentions that a growing number of women have entered the field of bell-ringing.
    *   The phrase "particularly galling to women" refers to adult female persons who are ringers or wish to be ringers.

    *   Sense 1: "an adult female person (as opposed to a man)". This fits perfectly. The text contrasts women with the "male-dominated field" and "male-only" group.
    *   Sense 2: "women as a class". While it refers to women generally, the context is about the individuals (the ringers) who are excluded. However, "galling to women" could be seen as a class, but usually, in this context, it refers to the people themselves. Let's re-evaluate.
    *   Sense 3: "housework". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: "wife/mistress". Not applicable.

    *   Sense 1 is the general term for adult female persons.
    *   Sense 2 is more abstract ("womanhood").
    *   The sentence "more than a third of the ringers today are women" clearly uses Sense 1 (counting individuals).
    *   The sentence "particularly galling to women" refers to those individuals.

    *   Sense 1 is the most direct and accurate fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: group
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the <t>group</t> is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group
2. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
3. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `group`
    *   Target surface form: `group`
    *   Context: "...The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths... remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the <t>group</t> is the sole source of ringers..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `group%1:09:00::`: Mathematical group (closed, associative, identity, inverse).
        2.  `group%1:03:00::`: Any number of entities (members) considered as a unit.
        3.  `group%1:27:00::`: Chemistry (atoms bound together).

    *   The context refers to "the Ancient Society of College Youths," which is described as a "bell-ringing group."
    *   It consists of "ringers" (people).
    *   It is a "society" (an organization of people).
    *   Therefore, it is a collection of entities (people) considered as a unit.

    *   Sense 1 (Mathematical) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (Entities as a unit) fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 3 (Chemistry) is incorrect.

    *   The best sense is index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of <t>ringers</t> for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg
4. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `ringer`
    *   Target surface form: `ringers`
    *   Context: The text discusses people who ring church bells in Britain, mentioning "small, rural parishes," "inner-city churches," "the council's program to attract and train ringers," "the once male-dominated field," "the Ancient Society of College Youths," and "Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `ringer%1:18:00`: a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses.
        2.  `ringer%1:18:01`: a person who is almost identical to another.
        3.  `ringer%1:04:00`: (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe...
        4.  `ringer%1:18:02`: a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation).

    *   The context explicitly mentions "bells need to be rung," "train ringers," "bell-ringing group," and "St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
    *   This aligns perfectly with sense 4: "a person who rings church bells."

    *   Sense 1: False pretenses (not applicable).
    *   Sense 2: Look-alike (not applicable).
    *   Sense 3: Horseshoe game (not applicable).
    *   Sense 4: Church bell ringer (perfect match).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's <t>most</t> prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. sense_key=most%4:02:02:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded
3. sense_key=most%4:02:01:: | definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "most"
    *   Target surface form: "most"
    *   Context: "...the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's <t>most</t> prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `most%4:02:00::`: used to form the superlative (to the highest degree). Example: "the king cobra is the most dangerous snake".
        2.  `most%4:02:02::`: slightly short of or not quite accomplished (almost). Example: "the job is (just) about done".
        3.  `most%4:02:01::`: very. Example: "a most welcome relief".

    *   The phrase is "Britain's most prestigious churches".
    *   "Most" is modifying the adjective "prestigious".
    *   It is used here to indicate the highest degree of prestige among churches in Britain.
    *   This is a classic superlative construction ("the most [adjective]").

    *   Sense 1: "used to form the superlative" / "to the highest degree". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "almost" / "nearly". This does not fit ("almost prestigious churches" makes no sense here).
    *   Sense 3: "very". While "most" can mean "very" (e.g., "a most welcome relief"), in the context of "Britain's most prestigious churches", it is clearly comparing the prestige of these churches to all others in Britain, making it a superlative.

    *   The target word "most" is used to form the superlative of "prestigious".
    *   Sense 1 is the correct match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: churches
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious <t>churches</t>, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week
4. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `church`
    *   Target surface form: `churches`
    *   Context: "...the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious <t>churches</t>, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `church%1:04:00::`: a service conducted in a house of worship (church service).
        2.  `church%1:06:00::`: a place for public (especially Christian) worship (church building).
        3.  `church%1:14:01::`: the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church.
        4.  `church%1:14:00::`: one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship (Christian church).

    *   The sentence mentions "Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
    *   St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey are physical buildings/places of worship.
    *   The context discusses "ringers" (bell ringers) who need to be at these locations to ring the bells.
    *   Therefore, "churches" refers to the physical buildings/places of worship.

    *   Sense 1: Service (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Place for public worship / church building (Correct)
    *   Sense 3: Body of people (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Denomination/Group of Christians (Incorrect)

    *   The target word "churches" refers to the physical structures (St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey).
    *   Sense 2 matches this definition.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: woman
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no <t>woman</t> has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
3. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation
4. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `woman`
    *   Target surface form: `woman`
    *   Context: "This being Britain, no <t>woman</t> has filed an equal-opportunity suit..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `woman%1:18:01`: a female person who plays a significant role (wife/mistress/girlfriend) in a man's life.
        2.  `woman%1:18:02`: a human female employed to do housework (charwoman).
        3.  `woman%1:14:00`: women as a class (womanhood).
        4.  `woman%1:18:00`: an adult female person (as opposed to a man).

    *   The sentence is: "This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit..."
    *   The context discusses women entering the field of bell-ringing, facing discrimination (male-only groups), and the lack of legal action (equal-opportunity suits).
    *   The word "woman" here refers to any individual adult female person who might have been discriminated against.

    *   Sense 1 (partner): Incorrect. The context is about professional/hobbyist discrimination, not romantic relationships.
    *   Sense 2 (housekeeper): Incorrect. The context is about bell-ringers, not domestic workers.
    *   Sense 3 (class/womanhood): This refers to the collective concept of women. While the text discusses women as a group, the specific phrase "no woman has filed" refers to an individual person (singular "woman").
    *   Sense 4 (adult female person): This is the general definition of a woman as an individual. "No woman [individual adult female] has filed an equal-opportunity suit."

    *   The sentence "no woman has filed" uses "woman" as a count noun referring to an individual.
    *   Sense 4 is the standard definition for an individual adult female.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: file
Target surface form: filed
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has <t>filed</t> an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=file%2:32:00:: | definition=place in a container for keeping records | synonyms=file away | examples=File these bills, please
2. sense_key=file%2:32:01:: | definition=file a formal charge against | synonyms=charge, lodge | examples=The suspect was charged with murdering his wife
3. sense_key=file%2:35:00:: | definition=smooth with a file | examples=file one's fingernails
4. sense_key=file%2:38:00:: | definition=proceed in line | examples=The students filed into the classroom
5. sense_key=file%2:32:02:: | definition=record in a public office or in a court of law | synonyms=register | examples=file for divorce; file a complaint

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `file`
    *   Target surface form: `filed`
    *   Context: "This being Britain, no woman has <t>filed</t> an equal-opportunity suit..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `file%2:32:00::`: place in a container for keeping records (e.g., "File these bills, please")
        2.  `file%2:32:01::`: file a formal charge against (e.g., "The suspect was charged with murdering his wife")
        3.  `file%2:35:00::`: smooth with a file (e.g., "file one's fingernails")
        4.  `file%2:38:00::`: proceed in line (e.g., "The students filed into the classroom")
        5.  `file%2:32:02::`: record in a public office or in a court of law (e.g., "file for divorce; file a complaint")

    *   The phrase is "filed an equal-opportunity suit".
    *   A "suit" in this context refers to a lawsuit (a legal action).
    *   "Filing a suit" means officially submitting a legal document to a court to start a legal process.

    *   Sense 1: Organizing papers in a folder. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: "file a formal charge against". This is close, but usually refers to criminal charges.
    *   Sense 3: Smoothing a surface. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Walking in a line. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: "record in a public office or in a court of law". Examples: "file for divorce; file a complaint". This fits perfectly with "filed an equal-opportunity suit".

    *   Sense 2 ("file a formal charge against") vs. Sense 5 ("record in a public office or in a court of law").
    *   A "suit" (lawsuit) is a civil action. "Filing a suit" is the act of recording the complaint in court.
    *   Sense 5 specifically mentions "record in a public office or in a court of law" and gives the example "file a complaint".
    *   Sense 2 is more about the *charge* itself (often criminal).
    *   In legal terminology, you "file a lawsuit" or "file a complaint". Sense 5 is the standard definition for this action.

    *   Sense 5 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: suit
Target surface form: suit
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity <t>suit</t>, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=suit%1:10:01:: | definition=a man's courting of a woman; seeking the affections of a woman (usually with the hope of marriage) | synonyms=courtship, wooing, courting | examples=its was a brief and intense courtship
2. sense_key=suit%1:06:00:: | definition=a set of garments (usually including a jacket and trousers or skirt) for outerwear all of the same fabric and color | synonyms=suit of clothes | examples=they buried him in his best suit
3. sense_key=suit%1:18:00:: | definition=(slang) a businessman dressed in a business suit | examples=all the suits care about is the bottom line
4. sense_key=suit%1:06:01:: | definition=playing card in any of four sets of 13 cards in a pack; each set has its own symbol and color | examples=a flush is five cards in the same suit; in bridge you must follow suit
5. sense_key=suit%1:10:00:: | definition=a petition or appeal made to a person of superior status or rank
6. sense_key=suit%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, case, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `suit`
    *   Target surface form: `suit`
    *   Context: "This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity <t>suit</t>, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer..."
    *   Key phrase: "filed an equal-opportunity suit"

    *   Sense 1: Courting/wooing (not applicable).
    *   Sense 2: Set of garments (not applicable).
    *   Sense 3: Businessman (slang) (not applicable).
    *   Sense 4: Playing card set (not applicable).
    *   Sense 5: Petition or appeal to a superior (possible, but usually "filed a suit" in a legal context refers to a lawsuit).
    *   Sense 6: Proceeding in a court of law (lawsuit, case) (fits perfectly with "filed an equal-opportunity suit").

    *   "Filed a suit" is a standard collocation for initiating a legal action.
    *   "Equal-opportunity suit" refers to a legal claim regarding discrimination.
    *   Sense 6 specifically mentions "proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy" and lists "lawsuit" as a synonym.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extent
Target surface form: extent
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the <t>extent</t> of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent
2. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `extent`
    *   Target surface form: `extent`
    *   Context: "...but the <t>extent</t> of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `extent%1:07:00::`: distance, area, or volume (physical size).
        2.  `extent%1:26:00::`: point or degree to which something extends (magnitude, scale, severity).

    *   The phrase is "the extent of the problem".
    *   "Problem" is an abstract concept.
    *   "Extent" here refers to how large, severe, or widespread the problem is (the degree of the problem).

    *   Sense 1: Physical distance/area/volume (e.g., "vast extent of the desert"). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: Point or degree (e.g., "extent of the damage"). This fits perfectly with "extent of the problem".

    *   The correct sense is index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the <t>problem</t> surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?
3. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "problem"
    *   Context: The text discusses the struggle to attract and train ringers, specifically the exclusion of women from the Ancient Society of College Youths. It mentions that while no lawsuits have been filed, "the extent of the <t>problem</t> surfaced this summer in a series of letters..."
    *   Meaning of "problem" here: The "problem" refers to the systemic exclusion of women and the sexist attitudes associated with it (the "male-only" policy and the derogatory letters).

    *   Sense 1: `problem%1:26:00::` - "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (Synonym: job). Example: "she and her husband are having problems".
    *   Sense 2: `problem%1:09:00::` - "a source of difficulty" (Synonym: trouble). Example: "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?".
    *   Sense 3: `problem%1:10:00::` - "a question raised for consideration or solution". Example: "our homework consisted of ten problems to solve".

    *   Sense 3 is clearly for mathematical or logical problems (homework). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 1 refers to a "state of difficulty" (often personal or situational, like marital problems).
    *   Sense 2 refers to a "source of difficulty" (the cause or the issue itself).

    *   The text says "the extent of the problem surfaced". The "problem" is the exclusion of women and the resulting sexism. This is a "source of difficulty" or a "trouble" (Sense 2) rather than just a "state of difficulty" (Sense 1).
    *   Wait, let's look closer at Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
        *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"
        *   Sense 2: "a source of difficulty"
    *   In "the extent of the problem surfaced", the "problem" is the situation of gender discrimination. Is the discrimination the *source* of the difficulty or the *state* of difficulty?
    *   Usually, "the problem" in a social context (like discrimination) is viewed as the source of the trouble or the issue itself.
    *   Let's check the synonyms: Sense 1 (job), Sense 2 (trouble). "The extent of the trouble surfaced" fits better than "The extent of the job surfaced".
    *   Comparing "state of difficulty" (1) and "source of difficulty" (2): The exclusion of women is the *source* of the conflict/difficulty.

    *   Sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems" (general difficulties).
    *   Sense 2: "what's the problem?" (what is the source of the trouble?).
    *   In the context, "the problem" refers to the gender exclusion. This is the core issue/source of the conflict.

    *   Sense 1: state of difficulty.
    *   Sense 2: source of difficulty.
    *   The "problem" is the exclusion of women. The exclusion is the *source* of the difficulty/unfairness.

    *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"
    *   Sense 2: "a source of difficulty"
    *   If I say "the problem is that women are excluded", the exclusion is the source.
    *   If I say "we have a problem", it could be either.
    *   "The extent of the problem surfaced" suggests the magnitude of the issue (the source of the trouble).

    *   Sense 1: state of difficulty.
    *   Sense 2: source of difficulty.
    *   In many WordNet-based datasets, "problem" as a social issue or a specific obstacle is mapped to "source of difficulty" (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems" (plural, state of difficulty).
    *   Sense 2: "what's the problem?" (singular, source of difficulty).
    *   The context uses "the problem" (singular).

    *   Sense 1: state of difficulty.
    *   Sense 2: source of difficulty.
    *   The exclusion of women is the *source* of the difficulty.

    *   Sense 1: state of difficulty.
    *   Sense 2: source of difficulty.
    *   Looking at the examples again: "one trouble after another delayed the job" (Sense 2). The exclusion of women is like a "trouble" that is being discussed.

    *   Sense 1: state of difficulty.
    *   Sense 2: source of difficulty.
    *   The "problem" is the exclusion of women. This is the *source* of the difficulty.

    *   Sense 1: state of difficulty.
    *   Sense 2: source of difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: question for consideration.
    *   The context is about a social issue (discrimination). This is a "source of difficulty" (Sense 2).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: surface
Target surface form: surfaced
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem <t>surfaced</t> this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=surface%2:35:00:: | definition=put a coat on; cover the surface of; furnish with a surface | synonyms=coat | examples=coat the cake with chocolate
2. sense_key=surface%2:30:00:: | definition=appear or become visible; make a showing | synonyms=come on, come out, turn up, show up | examples=She turned up at the funeral; I hope the list key is going to surface again
3. sense_key=surface%2:38:00:: | definition=come to the surface | synonyms=come up, rise up, rise

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `surface`
    *   Target surface form: `surfaced`
    *   Context: "...but the extent of the problem <t>surfaced</t> this summer in a series of letters to 'The Ringing World'..."
    *   Meaning: The problem became known, visible, or apparent.

    *   Sense 1: `put a coat on; cover the surface of; furnish with a surface` (e.g., coating a cake). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: `appear or become visible; make a showing` (synonyms: come on, come out, turn up, show up). -> This fits well. The "extent of the problem" became visible/known.
    *   Sense 3: `come to the surface` (synonyms: come up, rise up, rise). -> This usually refers to physical movement from underwater or underground to the surface.

    *   The context is metaphorical/abstract ("the extent of the problem surfaced").
    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "appear or become visible" and "make a showing," which aligns with a problem becoming apparent.
    *   Sense 3 is more literal (physical surfacing).

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: summer
Target surface form: summer
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this <t>summer</t> in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=summer%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of finest development, happiness, or beauty | examples=the golden summer of his life
2. sense_key=summer%1:28:00:: | definition=the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox | synonyms=summertime | examples=they spent a lazy summer at the shore

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "summer"
    *   Target surface form: "summer"
    *   Context: "...the extent of the problem surfaced this <t>summer</t> in a series of letters to 'The Ringing World'..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `summer%1:28:01::`: the period of finest development, happiness, or beauty (metaphorical).
        2.  `summer%1:28:00::`: the warmest season of the year (literal).

    *   The sentence says "the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters".
    *   "This summer" refers to a specific time period in the calendar year.
    *   It is not referring to a "period of finest development, happiness, or beauty" (metaphorical).

    *   Sense 1: Metaphorical (golden summer of life). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: Literal season (warmest season of the year). Applicable.

    *   The correct sense is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: series
Target surface form: series
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a <t>series</t> of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=series%1:14:00:: | definition=similar things placed in order or happening one after another | examples=they were investigating a series of bank robberies
2. sense_key=series%1:09:00:: | definition=(mathematics) the sum of a finite or infinite sequence of expressions
3. sense_key=series%1:24:00:: | definition=(electronics) connection of components in such a manner that current flows first through one and then through the other | examples=the voltage divider consisted of a series of fixed resistors
4. sense_key=series%1:14:01:: | definition=a group of postage stamps having a common theme or a group of coins or currency selected as a group for study or collection | examples=the Post Office issued a series commemorating famous American entertainers; his coin collection included the complete series of Indian-head pennies
5. sense_key=series%1:11:00:: | definition=(sports) several contests played successively by the same teams | examples=the visiting team swept the series
6. sense_key=series%1:10:01:: | definition=a serialized set of programs | synonyms=serial | examples=a comedy series; the Masterworks concert series
7. sense_key=series%1:10:00:: | definition=a periodical that appears at scheduled times | synonyms=serial, serial publication

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "series"
    *   Target surface form: "series"
    *   Context: "...the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a <t>series</t> of letters to 'The Ringing World,' a weekly newspaper for ringers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Similar things placed in order or happening one after another (e.g., bank robberies).
        2.  (Mathematics) Sum of a sequence.
        3.  (Electronics) Connection of components.
        4.  Postage stamps or coins.
        5.  (Sports) Several contests played successively.
        6.  Serialized set of programs (e.g., comedy series).
        7.  Periodical that appears at scheduled times.

    *   The phrase is "a series of letters".
    *   Letters sent to a newspaper are individual items (similar things) that happened one after another or are grouped together.
    *   This fits the general definition of "similar things placed in order or happening one after another".

    *   Sense 1: "similar things placed in order or happening one after another" (Example: "a series of bank robberies"). This fits "a series of letters" perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Math (No).
    *   Sense 3: Electronics (No).
    *   Sense 4: Stamps/Coins (No).
    *   Sense 5: Sports (No).
    *   Sense 6: TV/Radio programs (No).
    *   Sense 7: Periodical (No).

    *   The target word "series" refers to a sequence of letters. This is a classic usage of Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: letter
Target surface form: letters
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of <t>letters</t> to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=letter%1:10:02:: | definition=an award earned by participation in a school sport | synonyms=varsity letter | examples=he won letters in three sports
2. sense_key=letter%1:10:03:: | definition=a strictly literal interpretation (as distinct from the intention) | examples=he followed instructions to the letter; he obeyed the letter of the law
3. sense_key=letter%1:10:00:: | definition=a written message addressed to a person or organization | synonyms=missive | examples=mailed an indignant letter to the editor
4. sense_key=letter%1:18:00:: | definition=owner who lets another person use something (housing usually) for hire
5. sense_key=letter%1:10:01:: | definition=the conventional characters of the alphabet used to represent speech | synonyms=letter of the alphabet, alphabetic character | examples=his grandmother taught him his letters

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `letter`
    *   Target surface form: `letters`
    *   Context: "...the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of <t>letters</t> to 'The Ringing World,' a weekly newspaper for ringers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Award earned by participation in school sport (varsity letter).
        2.  Strictly literal interpretation (letter of the law).
        3.  Written message addressed to a person or organization (missive).
        4.  Owner who lets another person use something (landlord).
        5.  Conventional characters of the alphabet.

    *   The context mentions "a series of letters to 'The Ringing World,' a weekly newspaper".
    *   This clearly refers to written messages sent to a publication (letters to the editor).

    *   Sense 1: School sport award. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Literal interpretation. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Written message addressed to a person or organization. (Correct)
    *   Sense 4: Person who lets housing. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Alphabet characters. (Incorrect)

    *   The best sense is index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: newspaper
Target surface form: newspaper
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly <t>newspaper</t> for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=newspaper%1:27:00:: | definition=cheap paper made from wood pulp and used for printing newspapers | synonyms=newsprint | examples=they used bales of newspaper every day
2. sense_key=newspaper%1:14:00:: | definition=a business firm that publishes newspapers | synonyms=paper, newspaper publisher | examples=Murdoch owns many newspapers
3. sense_key=newspaper%1:10:00:: | definition=a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements | synonyms=paper | examples=he read his newspaper at breakfast
4. sense_key=newspaper%1:06:00:: | definition=the physical object that is the product of a newspaper publisher | synonyms=paper | examples=when it began to rain he covered his head with a newspaper

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `newspaper`
    *   Target surface form: `newspaper`
    *   Context: "...the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to 'The Ringing World,' a weekly <t>newspaper</t> for ringers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `newspaper%1:27:00::`: cheap paper made from wood pulp (newsprint).
        2.  `newspaper%1:14:00::`: a business firm that publishes newspapers (publisher).
        3.  `newspaper%1:10:00::`: a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements (the publication itself).
        4.  `newspaper%1:06:00::`: the physical object that is the product of a newspaper publisher (the physical paper).

    *   The context describes "The Ringing World" as a "weekly newspaper for ringers."
    *   "The Ringing World" is the name of a publication.
    *   It is described as "weekly," which refers to the frequency of publication.
    *   Letters were written *to* it, implying it's a publication/medium for communication.

    *   Sense 1 (newsprint) is incorrect; it's not talking about the material.
    *   Sense 2 (business firm) is possible, but "weekly" describes the publication frequency, not the firm itself.
    *   Sense 3 (daily or weekly publication) fits perfectly. "The Ringing World" is a weekly publication.
    *   Sense 4 (physical object) is incorrect; the context refers to the publication as an entity/medium, not a specific physical copy.

    *   Sense 3: "a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements". This matches "weekly newspaper for ringers".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for <t>ringers</t>. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `ringer`
    *   Target surface form: `ringers`
    *   Context: The text discusses a program to attract and train "ringers," mentions "bell-ringing group," "Ancient Society of College Youths," "ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches," "St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey," and "The Ringing World, a weekly newspaper for ringers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Horseshoes (successful throw).
        2.  Person almost identical to another (dead ringer).
        3.  Contestant entered under false pretenses.
        4.  Person who rings church bells.

    *   The context explicitly mentions "bell-ringing group," "church bells," "St. Paul's Cathedral," and "Westminster Abbey."
    *   The target word "ringers" refers to the people performing this activity.

    *   Sense 4: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer" matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: writer
Target surface form: writer
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One <t>writer</t>, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=writer%1:18:00:: | definition=writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay) | synonyms=author
2. sense_key=writer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is able to write and has written something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `writer`
    *   Target surface form: `writer`
    *   Context: "One <t>writer</t>, signing his letter as 'Red-blooded, balanced male,' remarked on the 'frequency of women fainting in peals...'"
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `writer%1:18:00::`: writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay) | synonyms=author
        2.  `writer%1:18:01::`: a person who is able to write and has written something

    *   The context describes a person who wrote a letter to a weekly newspaper ("The Ringing World").
    *   The person is identified as "One writer, signing his letter as 'Red-blooded, balanced male'".
    *   There is no indication that this person writes professionally for pay. They are simply someone who wrote a letter to an editor/newspaper.

    *   Sense 1: Professional writer (author).
    *   Sense 2: Someone who has written something.

    *   The person in the text wrote a letter. This fits Sense 2 perfectly. It does not necessarily fit Sense 1 (professional).

    *   Sense 2 is the most accurate description of a person who wrote a letter to a newspaper.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sign
Target surface form: signing
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, <t>signing</t> his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sign%2:32:00:: | definition=be engaged by a written agreement | examples=He signed to play the casino on Dec. 18; The soprano signed to sing the new opera
2. sense_key=sign%2:32:02:: | definition=mark with one's signature; write one's name (on) | synonyms=subscribe | examples=She signed the letter and sent it off; Please sign here
3. sense_key=sign%2:35:02:: | definition=place signs, as along a road | examples=sign an intersection; This road has been signed
4. sense_key=sign%2:32:03:: | definition=make the sign of the cross over someone in order to call on God for protection; consecrate | synonyms=bless
5. sense_key=sign%2:41:01:: | definition=engage by written agreement | synonyms=contract, sign on, sign up | examples=They signed two new pitchers for the next season
6. sense_key=sign%2:32:04:: | definition=communicate in sign language | examples=I don't know how to sign, so I could not communicate with my deaf cousin
7. sense_key=sign%2:32:01:: | definition=communicate silently and non-verbally by signals or signs | synonyms=signal, signalize, signalise | examples=He signed his disapproval with a dismissive hand gesture; The diner signaled the waiters to bring the menu
8. sense_key=sign%2:41:00:: | definition=approve and express assent, responsibility, or obligation | synonyms=ratify | examples=All parties ratified the peace treaty; Have you signed your contract yet?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `sign`
    *   Target surface form: `signing`
    *   Context: "One writer, <t>signing</t> his letter as 'Red-blooded, balanced male,' remarked on..."
    *   Meaning: The writer wrote their name (or a pseudonym) at the end of the letter.

    *   Sense 1: `be engaged by a written agreement` (e.g., sports contract) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: `mark with one's signature; write one's name (on)` (e.g., "She signed the letter and sent it off") - Correct.
    *   Sense 3: `place signs, as along a road` - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: `make the sign of the cross` - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: `engage by written agreement` (e.g., "signed two new pitchers") - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 6: `communicate in sign language` - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 7: `communicate silently and non-verbally by signals or signs` - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 8: `approve and express assent, responsibility, or obligation` (ratify) - Incorrect.

    *   The context "signing his letter as 'Red-blooded, balanced male'" clearly refers to writing a name or signature on a document (the letter). This matches Sense 2 perfectly.