[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evidence
Target surface form: evidence
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is <t>evidence</t> that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: | definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
2. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: | definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved
3. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: | definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `evidence`
    *   Target surface form: `evidence`
    *   Context: "There is <t>evidence</t> that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `evidence%1:10:01::`: an indication that makes something evident (e.g., trembling as evidence of fear).
        2.  `evidence%1:10:00::`: (law) means by which fact is established at trial.
        3.  `evidence%1:09:00::`: basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief (synonym: grounds; example: evidence that smoking causes lung cancer).

    *   The sentence is: "There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer..."
    *   This is in the context of scientific research (tumor-suppressor genes, research teams, laboratories).
    *   The "evidence" refers to the scientific data or knowledge that supports the belief/theory that inheriting defective genes increases cancer risk.

    *   Sense 1: "an indication that makes something evident" (usually a sign or symptom, like trembling).
    *   Sense 2: Legal evidence (not applicable here).
    *   Sense 3: "your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief" (synonym: grounds). The example "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling" is almost identical in nature to the target sentence ("evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes...").

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit because it describes the body of knowledge/data supporting a scientific conclusion.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if <t>people</t> inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "people"
    *   Target surface form: "people"
    *   Context: "There is evidence that if <t>people</t> inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `people%1:14:02`: members of a family line.
        2.  `people%1:14:01`: the body of citizens of a state or country.
        3.  `people%1:14:00`: (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively.
        4.  `people%1:14:03`: the common people generally.

    *   The sentence discusses genetic inheritance and cancer susceptibility.
    *   "if people inherit defective versions of these genes..."
    *   In this context, "people" refers to human beings in general who might possess these genes.

    *   Sense 1 (family line): While the text mentions "certain families" later, the word "people" here refers to any human beings who inherit the genes, not specifically a particular family line.
    *   Sense 2 (citizens of a state): Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3 (any group of human beings): This fits perfectly. It refers to human beings in general.
    *   Sense 4 (common people/masses): Not applicable.

    *   The most appropriate sense is Sense 3.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherit
Target surface form: inherit
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people <t>inherit</t> defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherit%2:40:01:: | definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother
2. sense_key=inherit%2:40:00:: | definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
3. sense_key=inherit%2:40:02:: | definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `inherit`
    *   Target surface form: `inherit`
    *   Context: "There is evidence that if people <t>inherit</t> defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `receive by genetic transmission` (Example: "I inherited my good eyesight from my mother")
        2.  `obtain from someone after their death` (Example: "I inherited a castle from my French grandparents")
        3.  `receive from a predecessor` (Example: "The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair")

    *   The sentence discusses "defective versions of these genes" and how they make people "prone to cancer," explaining why cancers "haunt certain families."
    *   This clearly refers to biological/genetic transmission from parents to offspring.

    *   Sense 1: `receive by genetic transmission` - Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: `obtain from someone after their death` - This refers to legal inheritance (money, property). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: `receive from a predecessor` - This refers to inheriting a situation or role. Not applicable.

    *   The correct sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: version
Target surface form: versions
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective <t>versions</t> of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=version%1:04:00:: | definition=manual turning of a fetus in the uterus (usually to aid delivery)
2. sense_key=version%1:10:01:: | definition=an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint | examples=his version of the fight was different from mine
3. sense_key=version%1:10:02:: | definition=a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form | synonyms=adaptation | examples=the play is an adaptation of a short novel
4. sense_key=version%1:10:00:: | definition=a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language | synonyms=translation, interlingual rendition, rendering
5. sense_key=version%1:09:00:: | definition=a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something | synonyms=interpretation, reading
6. sense_key=version%1:09:01:: | definition=something a little different from others of the same type | synonyms=variant, variation, edition | examples=an experimental version of the night fighter; a variant of the same word

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `version`
    *   Target surface form: `versions`
    *   Context: "There is evidence that if people inherit defective <t>versions</t> of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Manual turning of a fetus (medical).
        2.  Interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint (e.g., "his version of the fight").
        3.  Written work recast in a new form (adaptation).
        4.  Written communication in a second language (translation).
        5.  Mental representation of meaning (interpretation).
        6.  Something a little different from others of the same type (variant, variation, edition).

    *   The sentence discusses "defective versions of these genes."
    *   In genetics, a "version" of a gene is called an allele or a variant.
    *   The context refers to genetic mutations or variations that are inherited.

    *   Sense 1: Fetus turning (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 2: Viewpoint/Interpretation (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 3: Adaptation of a novel (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 4: Translation (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 5: Mental representation (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 6: "something a little different from others of the same type" (Synonyms: variant, variation). This fits perfectly with the genetic context (a variant of a gene).

    *   Sense 6 is the only one that fits the biological/genetic context of a "variant" or "variation" of a gene.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: especially
Target surface form: especially
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are <t>especially</t> prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=especially%4:02:00:: | definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | synonyms=particularly, peculiarly, specially | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling; a particularly gruesome attack
2. sense_key=especially%4:02:01:: | definition=in a special manner | synonyms=specially | examples=a specially arranged dinner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "especially"
    *   Target surface form: "especially"
    *   Context: "There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are <t>especially</t> prone to cancer..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `especially%4:02:00::`: to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common (synonyms: particularly, peculiarly, specially).
        2.  `especially%4:02:01::`: in a special manner (synonyms: specially).

    *   The sentence says: "...they are especially prone to cancer..."
    *   "Prone to cancer" means likely to develop cancer.
    *   "Especially prone" means *more* likely than usual or to a greater degree than is common.

    *   Sense 1: "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common". This fits perfectly. If someone is "especially prone," they are prone to a greater extent than the average person.
    *   Sense 2: "in a special manner". This doesn't fit. Being prone to cancer isn't done "in a special manner."

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to <t>cancer</t>, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
3. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: The text discusses p53 genes, lung and breast cancers, tumor-suppressing genes, malignant growths in the brain, skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix, and genetic defects.
    *   Target sentence: "There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to <t>cancer</t>, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families."

    *   Sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division..." (Medical/Disease)
    *   Sense 2: "a small zodiacal constellation..." (Astronomy)
    *   Sense 3: "type genus of the family Cancridae" (Biology/Crabs)
    *   Sense 4: "the fourth sign of the zodiac..." (Astrology)
    *   Sense 5: "(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer" (Astrology/Person)

    *   The context is entirely medical/biological, focusing on genetics, tumors, and diseases.
    *   The target word "cancer" refers to the disease caused by uncontrolled cell division.
    *   This matches Sense 1 perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: explain
Target surface form: explaining
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps <t>explaining</t>, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=explain%2:32:00:: | definition=make plain and comprehensible | synonyms=explicate | examples=He explained the laws of physics to his students
2. sense_key=explain%2:32:02:: | definition=serve as a reason or cause or justification of | synonyms=excuse | examples=Your need to sleep late does not excuse your late arrival at work; Her recent divorce may explain her reluctance to date again
3. sense_key=explain%2:32:01:: | definition=define | examples=The committee explained their plan for fund-raising to the Dean

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `explain`
    *   Target surface form: `explaining`
    *   Context: "...if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps <t>explaining</t>, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families."

    *   Sense 1: `make plain and comprehensible` (explicate). Example: "He explained the laws of physics to his students." (Focus: teaching, clarifying).
    *   Sense 2: `serve as a reason or cause or justification of` (excuse). Example: "Her recent divorce may explain her reluctance to date again." (Focus: causality, reason).
    *   Sense 3: `define`. Example: "The committee explained their plan for fund-raising to the Dean." (Focus: detailing, defining).

    *   The sentence says: "if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining... why some cancers seem to haunt certain families."
    *   Here, "explaining" means that the inheritance of defective genes *serves as the reason or cause* for why certain families are haunted by cancer.
    *   This matches Sense 2: "serve as a reason or cause or justification of".

    *   Sense 1 (make plain) is about a person explaining a concept to someone else.
    *   Sense 3 (define) is about detailing a plan or definition.
    *   Sense 2 (serve as a reason) fits perfectly: "The fact that people inherit defective genes explains why some cancers haunt certain families."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: finally
Target surface form: finally
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, <t>finally</t>, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=finally%4:02:03:: | definition=the item at the end | synonyms=last, lastly, in conclusion | examples=last, I'll discuss family values
2. sense_key=finally%4:02:02:: | definition=after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay | synonyms=eventually
3. sense_key=finally%4:02:00:: | definition=as the end result of a succession or process | synonyms=ultimately, in the end, at last, at long last | examples=ultimately he had to give in; at long last the winter was over

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "finally"
    *   Context: "...perhaps explaining, <t>finally</t>, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families."
    *   Surrounding text: Discusses research on tumor-suppressor genes, p53 gene, and how inheriting defective versions makes people prone to cancer.

    *   Sense 1: "the item at the end" (last, lastly, in conclusion). Used for lists or concluding a speech/text.
    *   Sense 2: "after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay" (eventually). Focuses on the passage of time.
    *   Sense 3: "as the end result of a succession or process" (ultimately, in the end, at last). Focuses on the culmination of a process or a final explanation.

    *   The sentence is: "There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families."
    *   Here, "finally" suggests that after a series of discoveries and research (the "process" of understanding tumor-suppressor genes), we are now reaching the explanation for a long-standing mystery (why cancers haunt families).
    *   It's not a list (Sense 1).
    *   While time has passed (Sense 2), the emphasis is more on the *result* of the scientific process/evidence leading to an explanation.
    *   Sense 3 ("as the end result of a succession or process") fits best because the scientific investigation is the process, and the explanation is the end result.

    *   Sense 1: "lastly" (No)
    *   Sense 2: "eventually" (Possible, but usually implies a delay)
    *   Sense 3: "ultimately" (Yes, "perhaps ultimately explaining why...")

    *   Sense 3 is the most appropriate for a conclusion reached through a process of discovery.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancers
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some <t>cancers</t> seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
3. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancers`
    *   Context: The text discusses p53 genes, lung and breast cancers, tumor-suppressing genes, malignant growths in the brain, skin, kidney, etc., and hereditary tendencies.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cancer%1:26:00::`: malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal cell division.
        2.  `cancer%1:17:00::`: zodiacal constellation.
        3.  `cancer%1:05:00::`: genus Cancer (crabs).
        4.  `cancer%1:15:00::`: fourth sign of the zodiac.
        5.  `cancer%1:18:00::`: person born under Cancer.

    *   The context is clearly medical/biological, discussing genes, tumors, and diseases.
    *   "lung and breast cancers", "lethal forms of the disease", "tumor-suppressing genes", "cancer of the brain".
    *   This aligns perfectly with sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: Malignant growth/tumor. (Correct)
    *   Sense 2: Constellation. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Genus of crabs. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Zodiac sign. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Person born under the sign. (Incorrect)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seem
Target surface form: seem
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers <t>seem</t> to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seem%2:42:00:: | definition=appear to exist | examples=There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now
2. sense_key=seem%2:39:02:: | definition=appear to one's own mind or opinion | examples=I seem to be misunderstood by everyone; I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters
3. sense_key=seem%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, appear | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
4. sense_key=seem%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=appear | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `seem`
    *   Target surface form: `seem`
    *   Context: "...perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers <t>seem</t> to haunt certain families."

    *   Sense 1: `appear to exist` (e.g., "There seems no reason...")
    *   Sense 2: `appear to one's own mind or opinion` (e.g., "I seem to be misunderstood...")
    *   Sense 3: `give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect` (e.g., "She seems to be sleeping")
    *   Sense 4: `seem to be true, probable, or apparent` (e.g., "It seems that he is very gifted")

    *   The sentence is: "...perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families."
    *   The author is discussing the observation that certain cancers appear more frequently in some families than others.
    *   "Seem to haunt" here means that based on the evidence/observations, it appears to be true that these cancers affect certain families.

    *   Sense 1 (appear to exist) doesn't fit well; it's not about the existence of the "seeming" but the nature of the occurrence.
    *   Sense 2 (one's own mind/opinion) is too subjective/internal.
    *   Sense 3 (outward aspect/impression) usually refers to a visual or immediate impression (e.g., "she seems tired").
    *   Sense 4 (seem to be true, probable, or apparent) fits best. The observation that cancers haunt certain families is an apparent pattern or a probable truth based on the evidence.

    *   Sense 3: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" (look, appear).
    *   Sense 4: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" (appear).
    *   In "cancers seem to haunt certain families," the "haunting" isn't an outward aspect or a visual impression (Sense 3), but rather a pattern that appears to be true based on data/observation (Sense 4).

    *   Sense 4 is the most appropriate for describing a perceived pattern or a probable fact.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: certain
Target surface form: certain
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt <t>certain</t> families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance | synonyms=sure | examples=be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through; be sure to lock the doors
2. sense_key=certain%3:00:05:: | definition=established irrevocably | synonyms=sealed | examples=his fate is sealed
3. sense_key=certain%3:00:02:: | definition=having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured | synonyms=sure | examples=felt certain of success; was sure (or certain) she had seen it
4. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:definite:00 | definition=definite but not specified or identified | examples=set aside a certain sum each week; to a certain degree
5. sense_key=certain%3:00:03:: | definition=certain to occur; destined or inevitable; ; ; - Benjamin Franklin | synonyms=sure | examples=he was certain to fail; his fate is certain
6. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:reliable:00 | definition=reliable in operation or effect | synonyms=sure | examples=a quick and certain remedy; a sure way to distinguish the two
7. sense_key=certain%3:00:01:: | definition=established beyond doubt or question; definitely known | examples=what is certain is that every effect must have a cause; it is certain that they were on the bus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "certain"
    *   Context: "...perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt <t>certain</t> families."
    *   Sentence meaning: Some cancers seem to affect specific families (likely those with genetic predispositions).

    *   Sense 1: careful (e.g., "be certain to disconnect the iron") - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 2: established irrevocably (e.g., "his fate is sealed") - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 3: feeling no doubt/confident (e.g., "felt certain of success") - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 4: definite but not specified or identified (e.g., "set aside a certain sum", "a certain degree") - *Correct* (In this context, "certain families" means specific families, though they aren't explicitly named in the text).
    *   Sense 5: certain to occur/inevitable (e.g., "he was certain to fail") - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 6: reliable in operation (e.g., "a quick and certain remedy") - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 7: established beyond doubt (e.g., "what is certain is that...") - *Incorrect*

    *   "certain families" refers to specific, though unnamed, families. This matches the definition "definite but not specified or identified".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: family
Target surface form: families
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain <t>families</t>. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=family%1:18:00:: | definition=a person having kinship with another or others | synonyms=kin, kinsperson | examples=he's kin; he's family
2. sense_key=family%1:14:02:: | definition=a social unit living together | synonyms=household, house, home, menage | examples=he moved his family to Virginia; It was a good Christian household
3. sense_key=family%1:14:05:: | definition=an association of people who share common beliefs or activities | synonyms=fellowship | examples=the message was addressed not just to employees but to every member of the company family; the church welcomed new members into its fellowship
4. sense_key=family%1:14:04:: | definition=a collection of things sharing a common attribute | synonyms=class, category | examples=there are two classes of detergents
5. sense_key=family%1:14:03:: | definition=(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera | examples=sharks belong to the fish family
6. sense_key=family%1:14:06:: | definition=a loose affiliation of gangsters in charge of organized criminal activities | synonyms=syndicate, crime syndicate, mob
7. sense_key=family%1:14:01:: | definition=people descended from a common ancestor | synonyms=family line, folk, kinfolk, kinsfolk, sept, phratry | examples=his family has lived in Massachusetts since the Mayflower
8. sense_key=family%1:14:00:: | definition=primary social group; parents and children | synonyms=family unit | examples=he wanted to have a good job before starting a family

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `family`
    *   Target surface form: `families`
    *   Context: "...if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain <t>families</t>."
    *   Key phrase: "inherit defective versions of these genes", "haunt certain families".

    *   Sense 1: A person having kinship (individual).
    *   Sense 2: A social unit living together (household).
    *   Sense 3: Association of people sharing beliefs/activities (fellowship).
    *   Sense 4: Collection of things sharing a common attribute (class/category).
    *   Sense 5: (Biology) Taxonomic group (genera).
    *   Sense 6: Organized crime (mob).
    *   Sense 7: People descended from a common ancestor (family line, kinfolk).
    *   Sense 8: Primary social group (parents and children).

    *   The context discusses inheriting defective genes.
    *   Inheritance happens through biological descent from ancestors.
    *   "Haunt certain families" refers to hereditary patterns across generations.
    *   Sense 7 ("people descended from a common ancestor") fits perfectly with the concept of genetic inheritance and hereditary diseases.
    *   Sense 8 ("parents and children") is too narrow (nuclear family).
    *   Sense 2 ("social unit living together") is about the household, not necessarily genetic kinship.

    *   Sense 7: "people descended from a common ancestor" / "family line, folk, kinfolk". This aligns with the genetic context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: story
Target surface form: story
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The <t>story</t> of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=story%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, level, storey | examples=what level is the office on?
2. sense_key=story%1:10:02:: | definition=a trivial lie | synonyms=fib, tale, tarradiddle, taradiddle | examples=he told a fib about eating his spinach; how can I stop my child from telling stories?
3. sense_key=story%1:10:01:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=report, news report, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=story%1:10:03:: | definition=a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program | synonyms=narrative, narration, tale | examples=his narrative was interesting; Disney's stories entertain adults as well as children
5. sense_key=story%1:10:04:: | definition=a record or narrative description of past events | synonyms=history, account, chronicle | examples=a history of France; he gave an inaccurate account of the plot to kill the president
6. sense_key=story%1:10:00:: | definition=a piece of fiction that narrates a chain of related events | examples=he writes stories for the magazines

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `story`
    *   Target surface form: `story`
    *   Context: "The <t>story</t> of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `story%1:06:00::`: floor/level of a building.
        2.  `story%1:10:02::`: trivial lie/fib.
        3.  `story%1:10:01::`: short account of news/report.
        4.  `story%1:10:03::`: narrative/tale (writing, drama, cinema).
        5.  `story%1:10:04::`: record or narrative description of past events (history, account, chronicle).
        6.  `story%1:10:00::`: piece of fiction.

    *   The sentence says: "The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s..."
    *   This refers to the history, development, or chronological account of the scientific understanding of tumor-suppressor genes.
    *   It is not a floor of a building (1).
    *   It is not a lie (2).
    *   It is not a short news report (3).
    *   It is not a fictional narrative or a movie/play (4, 6).
    *   It is a record or narrative description of past events (the scientific discovery process), which aligns with "history, account, chronicle".

    *   Sense 5: "a record or narrative description of past events" (synonyms: history, account, chronicle).
    *   Example: "a history of France".
    *   The "story of tumor-suppressor genes" is essentially the "history of tumor-suppressor genes".

    *   Sense 3 (news report) is too narrow.
    *   Sense 4 (narrative/tale) is often used for storytelling/fiction or specific accounts, but Sense 5 specifically mentions "past events" and "history", which fits the scientific context of "goes back to the 1970s".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: go_back
Target surface form: goes back
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes <t>goes back</t> to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=go_back%2:30:00:: | definition=regain a former condition after a financial loss | synonyms=recover, recuperate | examples=We expect the stocks to recover to $2.90; The company managed to recuperate
2. sense_key=go_back%2:42:00:: | definition=belong to an earlier time | synonyms=date back, date from | examples=This story dates back 200 years
3. sense_key=go_back%2:32:00:: | definition=return in thought or speech to something | synonyms=recur

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `go_back`
    *   Target surface form: `goes back`
    *   Context: "The story of tumor-suppressor genes <t>goes back</t> to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects."

    *   Sense 1: `regain a former condition after a financial loss` (Synonyms: recover, recuperate). Example: "stocks to recover to $2.90".
    *   Sense 2: `belong to an earlier time` (Synonyms: date back, date from). Example: "This story dates back 200 years".
    *   Sense 3: `return in thought or speech to something` (Synonyms: recur).

    *   The sentence is: "The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s..."
    *   This refers to the origin or the time when the story/history began.
    *   Comparing with the senses:
        *   Sense 1 (financial recovery) is irrelevant.
        *   Sense 2 (belong to an earlier time/date back) fits perfectly. "The story... dates back to the 1970s."
        *   Sense 3 (return in thought or speech) does not fit the temporal origin context.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: name
Target surface form: named
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician <t>named</t> Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=name%2:32:04:: | definition=make reference to | synonyms=mention, advert, bring up, cite, refer | examples=His name was mentioned in connection with the invention
2. sense_key=name%2:31:01:: | definition=identify as in botany or biology, for example | synonyms=identify, discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe
3. sense_key=name%2:31:00:: | definition=determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness through a diagnostic analysis | synonyms=diagnose
4. sense_key=name%2:32:07:: | definition=mention and identify by name | examples=name your accomplices!
5. sense_key=name%2:32:03:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=call | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
6. sense_key=name%2:41:00:: | definition=create and charge with a task or function | synonyms=appoint, nominate, constitute | examples=nominate a committee
7. sense_key=name%2:32:09:: | definition=give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of | synonyms=list | examples=List the states west of the Mississippi
8. sense_key=name%2:32:02:: | definition=give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property | synonyms=identify | examples=Many senators were named in connection with the scandal; The almanac identifies the auspicious months
9. sense_key=name%2:41:01:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=nominate, make | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `name`
    *   Target surface form: `named`
    *   Context: "...when a pediatrician <t>named</t> Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects."

    *   The sentence describes a person (a pediatrician) who has a specific name (Alfred G. Knudson Jr.).
    *   "a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr." means the pediatrician's name is Alfred G. Knudson Jr.

    *   Sense 1: make reference to (mention, cite) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 2: identify as in botany or biology - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 3: diagnose a problem or illness - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 4: mention and identify by name (e.g., "name your accomplices!") - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 5: assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to (synonym: call; examples: "They named their son David") - *This fits the pattern of assigning/having a name.*
    *   Sense 6: create and charge with a task (appoint) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 7: give or make a list of (list) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 8: give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name (identify) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 9: charge with a function (nominate) - *Incorrect.*

    *   The phrase "a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr." is a passive construction (or a reduced relative clause: "who was named...").
    *   Sense 5: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to" / "call".
    *   Example: "The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader."
    *   In the context "a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr.", the pediatrician was given the name Alfred G. Knudson Jr.

    *   Sense 8 is "give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name". This is more about identifying someone in a specific instance (e.g., "Many senators were named in connection with the scandal").
    *   Sense 5 is about the act of naming someone (assigning the name). "A person named X" is the standard way to use Sense 5 in a descriptive sense.

    *   Sense 5: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to" / "call".
    *   Context: "a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr."
    *   This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: propose
Target surface form: proposed
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. <t>proposed</t> that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=propose%2:31:01:: | definition=propose or intend | synonyms=aim, purpose, purport | examples=I aim to arrive at noon
2. sense_key=propose%2:41:00:: | definition=put forward; nominate for appointment to an office or for an honor or position | synonyms=nominate | examples=The President nominated her as head of the Civil Rights Commission
3. sense_key=propose%2:32:00:: | definition=make a proposal, declare a plan for something | synonyms=suggest, advise | examples=the senator proposed to abolish the sales tax
4. sense_key=propose%2:31:00:: | definition=present for consideration, examination, criticism, etc. | synonyms=project | examples=He proposed a new plan for dealing with terrorism; She proposed a new theory of relativity
5. sense_key=propose%2:32:01:: | definition=ask (someone) to marry you | synonyms=declare oneself, offer, pop the question | examples=he popped the question on Sunday night; she proposed marriage to the man she had known for only two months

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `propose`
    *   Target surface form: `proposed`
    *   Context: "...a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. <t>proposed</t> that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer..."
    *   Key phrase: "proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects."

    *   Sense 1: `propose or intend` (aim, purpose, purport) - Example: "I aim to arrive at noon." (Incorrect: This is about intention/goal).
    *   Sense 2: `put forward; nominate for appointment...` (nominate) - Example: "The President nominated her..." (Incorrect: This is about nominating a person for a position).
    *   Sense 3: `make a proposal, declare a plan for something` (suggest, advise) - Example: "the senator proposed to abolish the sales tax." (Close, but this is more about a plan of action).
    *   Sense 4: `present for consideration, examination, criticism, etc.` (project) - Example: "He proposed a new plan for dealing with terrorism; She proposed a new theory of relativity." (Very close: presenting a theory or hypothesis for consideration).
    *   Sense 5: `ask (someone) to marry you` (declare oneself, offer, pop the question) - Example: "he popped the question..." (Incorrect: Not about marriage).

    *   The context says Knudson "proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects" and then follows with "He theorized that...".
    *   This is the presentation of a scientific hypothesis or theory.
    *   Sense 4 specifically mentions "She proposed a new theory of relativity." This matches the context perfectly.
    *   Sense 3 is about declaring a *plan* (like a policy change), whereas Sense 4 is about presenting an *idea/theory* for consideration/examination.

    *   Sense 4: "present for consideration, examination, criticism, etc." (Example: "She proposed a new theory of relativity").
    *   Context: "proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects."
    *   This is a clear match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stem
Target surface form: stemmed
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma <t>stemmed</t> from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stem%2:42:00:: | definition=grow out of, have roots in, originate in | examples=The increase in the national debt stems from the last war
2. sense_key=stem%2:42:03:: | definition=cause to point inward | examples=stem your skis
3. sense_key=stem%2:30:01:: | definition=remove the stem from | examples=for automatic natural language processing, the words must be stemmed
4. sense_key=stem%2:30:00:: | definition=stop the flow of a liquid | synonyms=stanch, staunch, halt | examples=staunch the blood flow; stem the tide

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `stem`
    *   Target surface form: `stemmed`
    *   Context: "...a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma <t>stemmed</t> from two separate genetic defects."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `stem%2:42:00::`: grow out of, have roots in, originate in (Example: "The increase in the national debt stems from the last war")
        2.  `stem%2:42:03::`: cause to point inward (Example: "stem your skis")
        3.  `stem%2:30:01::`: remove the stem from (Example: "the words must be stemmed")
        4.  `stem%2:30:00::`: stop the flow of a liquid (Synonyms: stanch, staunch, halt)

    *   The sentence is: "...proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects."
    *   In this context, "stemmed from" means that retinoblastoma (a type of cancer) originated from or was caused by two separate genetic defects.

    *   Sense 1: "grow out of, have roots in, originate in". This matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "cause to point inward". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: "remove the stem from". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: "stop the flow of a liquid". Not applicable.

    *   The correct sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: separate
Target surface form: separate
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two <t>separate</t> genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=separate%5:00:00:detached:00 | definition=standing apart; not attached to or supported by anything | synonyms=freestanding | examples=a freestanding bell tower; a house with a separate garage
2. sense_key=separate%3:00:00:: | definition=independent; not united or joint | examples=a problem consisting of two separate issues; they went their separate ways
3. sense_key=separate%5:00:02:segregated:00 | definition=separated according to race, sex, class, or religion | examples=separate but equal; girls and boys in separate classes
4. sense_key=separate%5:00:02:unconnected:00 | definition=have the connection undone; having become separate | synonyms=disjoined

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `separate`
    *   Target surface form: `separate`
    *   Context: "...Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two <t>separate</t> genetic defects."
    *   Meaning: The sentence describes two distinct or independent genetic defects that lead to retinoblastoma.

    *   Sense 1: `separate%5:00:00:detached:00` - standing apart; not attached to or supported by anything (e.g., freestanding bell tower). -> *Physical detachment. Not applicable here.*
    *   Sense 2: `separate%3:00:00::` - independent; not united or joint (e.g., two separate issues). -> *Abstract independence/distinctness. This fits "two separate genetic defects" well.*
    *   Sense 3: `separate%5:00:02:segregated:00` - separated according to race, sex, class, or religion. -> *Social segregation. Not applicable.*
    *   Sense 4: `separate%5:00:02:unconnected:00` - have the connection undone; having become separate. -> *Process of becoming disconnected. Not applicable.*

    *   The context refers to "two separate genetic defects." This means the defects are distinct, independent, or not the same one.
    *   Sense 2 ("independent; not united or joint") perfectly matches this usage (like "two separate issues").


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: genetic
Target surface form: genetic
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate <t>genetic</t> defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=genetic%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | synonyms=genic, genetical | examples=genic combinations; genetic code
2. sense_key=genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00 | definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | synonyms=familial, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible | examples=an inherited disease; familial traits
3. sense_key=genetic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | synonyms=genetical | examples=genetic research
4. sense_key=genetic%3:01:01:: | definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `genetic`
    *   Target surface form: `genetic`
    *   Context: "...proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate <t>genetic</t> defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other."

    *   Sense 1: `of or relating to or produced by or being a gene` (Synonyms: genic, genetical; Examples: genetic code)
    *   Sense 2: `occurring among members of a family usually by heredity` (Synonyms: familial, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible; Examples: an inherited disease)
    *   Sense 3: `of or relating to the science of genetics` (Synonyms: genetical; Examples: genetic research)
    *   Sense 4: `pertaining to or referring to origin` (Examples: genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work)

    *   The sentence says "retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects."
    *   The following sentence explains: "an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other."
    *   This refers specifically to defects *in the genes* themselves.
    *   Sense 1 focuses on the gene itself ("of or relating to or produced by or being a gene").
    *   Sense 2 focuses on the inheritance/family aspect ("occurring among members of a family usually by heredity").
    *   Sense 3 focuses on the science/study of genetics.
    *   Sense 4 focuses on origin (etymology/history).

    *   While the context mentions inheritance ("inherited a damaged copy"), the phrase "genetic defects" refers to the nature of the defects (they are defects *of the genes*).
    *   Sense 1: "of or relating to... a gene". A genetic defect is a defect relating to a gene.
    *   Sense 2: "occurring among members of a family usually by heredity". While the defect is inherited, "genetic defect" is a standard term for a mutation in the DNA/gene.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2: "Genetic defect" usually means a mutation in the gene (Sense 1). "Hereditary defect" (Sense 2) means it's passed down. The text says "inherited a damaged copy of a gene", which links the "genetic defect" directly to the "gene".
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 2: familial, hereditary, inherited. If the author meant "hereditary defects", they could have used that. But "genetic defects" specifically points to the biological unit (the gene).
    *   Wait, let's re-read Sense 1: "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "occurring among members of a family usually by heredity".
    *   In the context of "two separate genetic defects" where one is inherited and the other (implied by the "two-hit hypothesis" of Knudson) is often somatic (acquired), Sense 1 is more accurate because not all "genetic defects" are inherited (some are spontaneous mutations), although the text mentions inheritance here.
    *   Actually, Knudson's hypothesis is specifically about the "two-hit" model: one inherited (germline) and one acquired (somatic), or two acquired. Both are "genetic defects" (mutations in the gene), but only one is "hereditary" (Sense 2). Therefore, "genetic" here refers to the gene itself (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: Relating to a gene. (Fits "genetic defects" perfectly).
    *   Sense 2: Relating to heredity. (Fits the "inherited" part, but "genetic defect" is broader and refers to the gene).
    *   Sense 3: Relating to the science. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 4: Relating to origin. (Incorrect).

    *   "genetic defects" -> defects in the genes.
    *   Sense 1: "of or relating to... a gene".
    *   This is the most precise fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: defect
Target surface form: defects
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic <t>defects</t>. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=defect%1:26:00:: | definition=an imperfection in an object or machine | synonyms=fault, flaw | examples=a flaw caused the crystal to shatter; if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer
2. sense_key=defect%1:07:00:: | definition=a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something (especially on a person's body) | synonyms=blemish, mar | examples=a facial blemish
3. sense_key=defect%1:26:01:: | definition=an imperfection in a bodily system | examples=visual defects; this device permits detection of defects in the lungs
4. sense_key=defect%1:07:01:: | definition=a failing or deficiency | synonyms=shortcoming | examples=that interpretation is an unfortunate defect of our lack of information

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `defect`
    *   Target surface form: `defects`
    *   Context: "...retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic <t>defects</t>. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other."
    *   Key phrases: "genetic defects", "damaged copy of a gene".

    *   Sense 1: `defect%1:26:00::` - an imperfection in an object or machine (fault, flaw).
    *   Sense 2: `defect%1:07:00::` - a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something (blemish, mar).
    *   Sense 3: `defect%1:26:01::` - an imperfection in a bodily system (examples: visual defects, defects in the lungs).
    *   Sense 4: `defect%1:07:01::` - a failing or deficiency (shortcoming).

    *   The context refers to "genetic defects" and "damaged copy of a gene" leading to cancer (retinoblastoma).
    *   This is clearly an imperfection in a biological/bodily system (the genetic makeup).
    *   Sense 3 specifically mentions "imperfection in a bodily system" and gives examples like "visual defects" and "defects in the lungs". Genetic defects fit perfectly into this category.
    *   Sense 1 is for objects/machines.
    *   Sense 2 is for appearance/blemishes.
    *   Sense 4 is for abstract failings/shortcomings.

    *   Sense 3 is the most accurate fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: theorize
Target surface form: theorized
Context:
Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He <t>theorized</t> that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=theorize%2:31:02:: | definition=construct a theory about | examples=Galileo theorized the motion of the stars
2. sense_key=theorize%2:31:01:: | definition=form or construct theories | examples=he thinks and theorizes all day
3. sense_key=theorize%2:31:00:: | definition=to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds | synonyms=speculate, theorise, conjecture, hypothesize, hypothesise, hypothecate | examples=Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `theorize`
    *   Target surface form: `theorized`
    *   Context: "He <t>theorized</t> that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `theorize%2:31:02::`: construct a theory about (Example: Galileo theorized the motion of the stars)
        2.  `theorize%2:31:01::`: form or construct theories (Example: he thinks and theorizes all day)
        3.  `theorize%2:31:00::`: to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds (Synonyms: speculate, conjecture, hypothesize; Example: Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps)

    *   The sentence is: "He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other."
    *   Here, "theorized" is followed by a "that" clause, indicating a specific hypothesis or belief about how something works.
    *   It describes a scientific hypothesis proposed by Alfred G. Knudson Jr.

    *   Sense 1 (`construct a theory about`): This usually takes a direct object (e.g., "theorized the motion of the stars"). In the context, "theorized" is followed by a complement clause ("that..."), not a direct object noun phrase.
    *   Sense 2 (`form or construct theories`): This is more about the general activity of theorizing (e.g., "he theorizes all day").
    *   Sense 3 (`to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds`): This fits the usage of proposing a hypothesis (synonyms: hypothesize, speculate). The example "Scientists supposed that..." mirrors the structure "He theorized that...".

    *   The context "He theorized that..." is a classic use of "theorize" meaning to hypothesize or speculate based on available evidence but without definitive proof yet. This aligns perfectly with Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: eye
Target surface form: eye
Context:
Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the <t>eye</t> cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=eye%1:08:00:: | definition=the organ of sight | synonyms=oculus, optic
2. sense_key=eye%1:09:00:: | definition=good discernment (either visually or as if visually) | examples=she has an eye for fresh talent; he has an artist's eye
3. sense_key=eye%1:09:01:: | definition=attention to what is seen | examples=he tried to catch her eye
4. sense_key=eye%1:15:00:: | definition=an area that is approximately central within some larger region | synonyms=center, centre, middle, heart | examples=it is in the center of town; they ran forward into the heart of the struggle
5. sense_key=eye%1:06:00:: | definition=a small hole or loop (as in a needle) | examples=the thread wouldn't go through the eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `eye`
    *   Target surface form: `eye`
    *   Context: "...proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the <t>eye</t> cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `eye%1:08:00::`: the organ of sight
        2.  `eye%1:09:00::`: good discernment
        3.  `eye%1:09:01::`: attention to what is seen
        4.  `eye%1:15:00::`: an area that is approximately central
        5.  `eye%1:06:00::`: a small hole or loop

    *   The sentence mentions "retinoblastoma" and "eye cancer".
    *   Retinoblastoma is a cancer of the retina, which is part of the eye (the organ of sight).
    *   The context is medical/biological, referring to a specific organ where cancer occurs.

    *   Sense 1: "the organ of sight" - Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "good discernment" - Does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: "attention to what is seen" - Does not fit.
    *   Sense 4: "an area that is approximately central" - Does not fit.
    *   Sense 5: "a small hole or loop" - Does not fit.

    *   The target word "eye" in "eye cancer" refers to the organ of sight.
    *   This corresponds to sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye <t>cancer</t>, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
2. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
3. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
4. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer
5. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: The text discusses tumor-suppressing genes, malignant growths, genetic defects, and specific types of cancer (brain, skin, kidney, prostate, cervix, retinoblastoma). The specific sentence is: "He theorized that in the eye <t>cancer</t>, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Zodiac sign (Cancer the Crab).
        2.  Constellation.
        3.  Malignant growth/tumor caused by abnormal cell division.
        4.  Genus Cancer (crabs).
        5.  Person born under the sign of Cancer.

    *   The context is medical/biological, specifically discussing tumors and genetic mutations.
    *   "eye cancer" clearly refers to a malignant growth in the eye.
    *   Sense 3 ("any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division") fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: Astrology (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Astronomy (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Medical/Biology (Correct)
    *   Sense 4: Zoology (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Astrology (Incorrect)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherit
Target surface form: inherited
Context:
Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant <t>inherited</t> a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherit%2:40:01:: | definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother
2. sense_key=inherit%2:40:02:: | definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. sense_key=inherit%2:40:00:: | definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `inherit`
    *   Target surface form: `inherited`
    *   Context: "He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant <t>inherited</t> a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `inherit%2:40:01::`: receive by genetic transmission (Example: I inherited my good eyesight from my mother)
        2.  `inherit%2:40:02::`: receive from a predecessor (Example: The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair)
        3.  `inherit%2:40:00::`: obtain from someone after their death (Example: I inherited a castle from my French grandparents)

    *   The sentence discusses "eye cancer," "infant," "damaged copy of a gene," and "from one parent."
    *   This clearly refers to biological/genetic transmission.

    *   Sense 1: "receive by genetic transmission" - Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "receive from a predecessor" - Too general, usually refers to roles or situations.
    *   Sense 3: "obtain from someone after their death" - Refers to legal inheritance (money, property).

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a <t>damaged</t> copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation
2. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `damaged`
    *   Target surface form: `damaged`
    *   Context: "...an infant inherited a <t>damaged</t> copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00`: being unjustly brought into disrepute (e.g., discredited politician, damaged reputation).
        2.  `damaged%3:00:00::`: harmed or injured or spoiled (e.g., damaged goods, damaged buildings).

    *   The word "damaged" describes a "copy of a gene".
    *   In genetics, a "damaged copy of a gene" refers to a mutation or a defect (as mentioned earlier in the text: "defective versions of these genes", "genetic defects").
    *   Sense 1 refers to reputation/disrepute. This is clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 refers to being harmed, injured, or spoiled. While "spoiled" or "harmed" might seem slightly off for a gene in a colloquial sense, in a schematic WordNet sense, "harmed or injured or spoiled" is the general category for physical or structural impairment, which fits a genetic mutation/defect.

    *   Sense 1: Disreputable (No)
    *   Sense 2: Harmed/Injured/Spoiled (Yes - in the sense of being defective or mutated).