[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: train
Target surface form: train
Context:
Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to <t>train</t> the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=train%2:41:00:: | definition=educate for a future role or function | synonyms=prepare, groom | examples=He is grooming his son to become his successor; The prince was prepared to become King one day
2. sense_key=train%2:41:02:: | definition=develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control | synonyms=discipline, check, condition | examples=Parents must discipline their children; Is this dog trained?
3. sense_key=train%2:31:01:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=develop, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
4. sense_key=train%2:29:00:: | definition=exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition | examples=She is training for the Olympics
5. sense_key=train%2:33:00:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, take, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
6. sense_key=train%2:41:03:: | definition=cause to grow in a certain way by tying and pruning it | examples=train the vine
7. sense_key=train%2:32:00:: | definition=teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports | synonyms=coach | examples=He is training our Olympic team; She is coaching the crew
8. sense_key=train%2:35:04:: | definition=drag loosely along a surface; allow to sweep the ground | synonyms=trail | examples=The toddler was trailing his pants; She trained her long scarf behind her
9. sense_key=train%2:31:00:: | definition=undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession | synonyms=prepare | examples=She is training to be a teacher; He trained as a legal aid
10. sense_key=train%2:41:01:: | definition=teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment | synonyms=educate, school, cultivate, civilize, civilise | examples=Cultivate your musical taste; Train your tastebuds
11. sense_key=train%2:38:00:: | definition=travel by rail or train | synonyms=rail | examples=They railed from Rome to Venice; She trained to Hamburg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `train`
    *   Target surface form: `train`
    *   Context: "We've tried to <t>train</t> the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses bell ringers. There are "four youngsters in training" who are learning how to ring bells. Mr. Hammond is talking about trying to teach these youngsters the skill of bell ringing.

    *   Sense 1: educate for a future role or function (groom, prepare).
    *   Sense 2: develop (children's) behavior (discipline, condition).
    *   Sense 3: create by training and teaching (develop, prepare, educate).
    *   Sense 4: exercise for an event or competition (Olympics).
    *   Sense 5: point/aim (weapons, cameras).
    *   Sense 6: cause to grow (vines).
    *   Sense 7: teach and supervise (coach, sports).
    *   Sense 8: drag loosely (trail).
    *   Sense 9: undergo training (intransitive - "She is training to be...").
    *   Sense 10: refine taste or judgment.
    *   Sense 11: travel by rail.

    *   The context is about teaching youngsters the skill of bell ringing.
    *   Sense 1 (educate for a future role) is close.
    *   Sense 3 (create by training and teaching) is also close.
    *   Sense 7 (teach and supervise/coach) is often used for sports, but can be broader.
    *   Sense 9 is intransitive (the subject is the one learning), but here the subject is "We" (the teachers).

    *   Sense 1: "educate for a future role or function" (e.g., grooming a successor).
    *   Sense 3: "create by training and teaching" (e.g., training world-class violinists).
    *   Sense 7: "teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports".

    Looking at the context: "We've tried to train the youngsters". They are trying to teach them the skill of bell ringing so they can continue the tradition. This is teaching a specific skill/craft.

    Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
    Sense 1 is more about preparing someone for a *role* (like a successor or a King).
    Sense 3 is more about the process of teaching a skill to *create* a practitioner (like a violinist).

    Wait, let's look at Sense 7 again: "teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports". Bell ringing is a skill, but not necessarily a sport.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 3: "create by training and teaching". Example: "The old master is training world-class violinists". This fits the "master teaching apprentice" vibe of bell ringing.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 1: "educate for a future role or function". Example: "grooming his son to become his successor".

    Is bell ringing a "role" or a "skill"? It's both. But "training the youngsters" in this context means teaching them how to ring the bells.

    Let's look at the options again.
    Sense 3: "create by training and teaching" (synonyms: develop, prepare, educate).
    Sense 1: "educate for a future role or function" (synonyms: prepare, groom).

    Actually, looking at the examples for Sense 3 ("training world-class violinists"), it fits the idea of teaching a specialized skill.

    Wait, let's check if there's a simpler "teach" sense.
    Sense 1: educate for a future role.
    Sense 2: behavior/discipline.
    Sense 3: create by training and teaching.
    Sense 7: coach (sports).

    In the context "We've tried to train the youngsters", they are trying to teach them the art of bell ringing. This is very similar to training a musician (Sense 3).

    Let's double-check Sense 1 again. "educate for a future role or function". Being a bell ringer is a role in the community.

    Let's compare Sense 3 and Sense 1 more closely.
    Sense 3: "create by training and teaching" -> "The old master is training world-class violinists".
    Sense 1: "educate for a future role or function" -> "He is grooming his son to become his successor".

    The bell ringers are being taught a skill to fill a need (keeping the bells sounding). This feels more like Sense 3 (teaching a skill) than Sense 1 (grooming for a specific position/role).

    Wait, let me look at Sense 7 again. "teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports". While it says "as in sports", the core is "teach and supervise".

    Let's look at the provided senses again.
    Sense 3: create by training and teaching.
    Sense 1: educate for a future role or function.

    If I have to choose the *best* one:
    The youngsters are being taught the *skill* of bell ringing. Sense 3's example of violinists is a very strong parallel to bell ringers.

    Let's check if there are any other possibilities.
    Sense 9 is "undergo training" (intransitive). "We've tried to train the youngsters" is transitive.

    Final check:
    Context: "We've tried to train the youngsters [to ring bells]"
    Sense 3: "create by training and teaching" (Example: training violinists).
    Sense 1: "educate for a future role or function" (Example: grooming a successor).

    Sense 3 seems more appropriate for teaching a craft or skill.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: disco
Target surface form: discos
Context:
Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their <t>discos</t> and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=disco%1:10:00:: | definition=popular dance music (especially in the late 1970s); melodic with a regular bass beat; intended mainly for dancing at discotheques | synonyms=disco music
2. sense_key=disco%1:06:00:: | definition=a public dance hall for dancing to recorded popular music | synonyms=discotheque

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `disco`
    *   Target surface form: `discos`
    *   Context: "...We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their <t>discos</t> and their dances, and they just drift away."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `disco%1:10:00::`: popular dance music (especially in the late 1970s)...
        2.  `disco%1:06:00::`: a public dance hall for dancing to recorded popular music (discotheque).

    *   The sentence says: "...they have their discos and their dances..."
    *   "Dances" here likely refers to dance events or parties.
    *   "They have their [discos]" suggests activities or places they go.
    *   If "discos" meant the music, it would be "they have their disco music," but "they have their discos" (plural) strongly suggests events or venues.
    *   In British English (the context is Britain), "going to a disco" or "having a disco" often refers to the event/party or the venue (discotheque).
    *   Comparing the two senses:
        *   Sense 1: The music itself.
        *   Sense 2: The dance hall/venue/event.
    *   "They have their discos and their dances" parallels "discos" with "dances". "Dances" in this context refers to social gatherings for dancing. Therefore, "discos" most likely refers to the social gatherings/venues (discotheques) rather than the genre of music.

    *   Sense 1: Music.
    *   Sense 2: Dance hall (discotheque).
    *   Context: "they have their discos and their dances".
    *   Pluralization ("discos") is much more common for the venue/event than for the music genre (one doesn't usually say "they have their disco musics").

    *   The best fit is Sense 2.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dance
Target surface form: dances
Context:
Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their <t>dances</t>, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dance%1:14:00:: | definition=a party of people assembled for dancing
2. sense_key=dance%1:04:00:: | definition=taking a series of rhythmical steps (and movements) in time to music | synonyms=dancing, terpsichore, saltation
3. sense_key=dance%1:10:00:: | definition=an artistic form of nonverbal communication
4. sense_key=dance%1:11:00:: | definition=a party for social dancing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `dance`
    *   Target surface form: `dances`
    *   Context: "...they have their discos and their <t>dances</t>, and they just drift away."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `dance%1:14:00::` | definition=a party of people assembled for dancing
        2.  `dance%1:04:00::` | definition=taking a series of rhythmical steps (and movements) in time to music | synonyms=dancing, terpsichore, saltation
        3.  `dance%1:10:00::` | definition=an artistic form of nonverbal communication
        4.  `dance%1:11:00::` | definition=a party for social dancing

    *   The sentence is: "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away."
    *   The word "dances" is used in parallel with "discos".
    *   "Discos" are social events/parties where people dance.
    *   Therefore, "dances" in this context refers to social events or parties for dancing, not the act of dancing itself (sense 2), the art form (sense 3), or a general assembly (sense 1 is similar to 4, but 4 is more specific to "social dancing").

    *   Sense 1: "a party of people assembled for dancing" (Focuses on the people)
    *   Sense 4: "a party for social dancing" (Focuses on the event)
    *   In the phrase "their discos and their dances", "discos" are events. "Dances" here refers to the events (like a school dance, a prom, etc.).
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 4: Sense 4 ("a party for social dancing") fits the context of "discos" (social events) better than Sense 1 ("a party of people").

    *   Sense 1: party of people.
    *   Sense 4: party for social dancing.
    *   "They have their discos and their dances" -> They attend these events.
    *   Sense 4 is the most precise fit for a social event.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: just
Target surface form: just
Context:
Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they <t>just</t> drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=just%4:02:01:: | definition=only a moment ago | synonyms=just now | examples=he has just arrived; the sun just now came out
2. sense_key=just%4:02:06:: | definition=exactly at this moment or the moment described | examples=we've just finished painting the walls, so don't touch them
3. sense_key=just%4:02:00:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, only, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
4. sense_key=just%4:02:03:: | definition=absolutely | synonyms=simply | examples=I just can't take it anymore; he was just grand as Romeo
5. sense_key=just%4:02:04:: | definition=only a very short time before; ; ; ; ; - W.B.Yeats | synonyms=barely, hardly, scarcely, scarce | examples=they could barely hear the speaker; we hardly knew them
6. sense_key=just%4:02:05:: | definition=indicating exactness or preciseness | synonyms=precisely, exactly | examples=he was doing precisely (or exactly) what she had told him to do; it was just as he said--the jewel was gone

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "just"
    *   Target surface form: "just"
    *   Context: "...We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they <t>just</t> drift away."
    *   Meaning: The speaker is saying that the youngsters simply or merely drift away, emphasizing the ease or the singular nature of the action in contrast to the effort to train them.

    *   Sense 1: "only a moment ago" (Temporal - recent past). Example: "he has just arrived". (Doesn't fit)
    *   Sense 2: "exactly at this moment or the moment described" (Temporal - precise moment). Example: "we've just finished painting". (Doesn't fit)
    *   Sense 3: "and nothing more" (Synonyms: merely, simply, only, but). Example: "I was merely asking". (Fits well: "they simply drift away")
    *   Sense 4: "absolutely" (Synonyms: simply). Example: "I just can't take it anymore". (This is often used for emphasis/intensification. "They just drift away" could be seen as "they simply drift away", but Sense 3 is more about the "nothing more" aspect).
    *   Sense 5: "only a very short time before" (Synonyms: barely, hardly, scarcely). Example: "they could barely hear". (Doesn't fit)
    *   Sense 6: "indicating exactness or preciseness" (Synonyms: precisely, exactly). Example: "it was just as he said". (Doesn't fit)

    *   "they just drift away"
    *   Can it be replaced by "merely"? "they merely drift away" (Yes)
    *   Can it be replaced by "simply"? "they simply drift away" (Yes)
    *   Can it be replaced by "absolutely"? "they absolutely drift away" (No, not in this context)
    *   Can it be replaced by "only"? "they only drift away" (Yes, though slightly different nuance)

    Sense 3 ("and nothing more", synonyms: merely, simply, only) fits the context of the youngsters drifting away despite the efforts to train them. It emphasizes the simplicity or inevitability of the action.

    *   Sense 3: "and nothing more" / "merely, simply, only".
    *   Context: "...they just drift away."
    *   This matches the usage of "just" as a synonym for "simply" or "merely".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: drift
Target surface form: drift
Context:
Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just <t>drift</t> away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=drift%2:42:00:: | definition=live unhurriedly, irresponsibly, or freely | synonyms=freewheel | examples=My son drifted around for years in California before going to law school
2. sense_key=drift%2:30:00:: | definition=be piled up in banks or heaps by the force of wind or a current | examples=snow drifting several feet high; sand drifting like snow
3. sense_key=drift%2:38:04:: | definition=wander from a direct course or at random | synonyms=stray, err | examples=The child strayed from the path and her parents lost sight of her; don't drift from the set course
4. sense_key=drift%2:30:10:: | definition=be subject to fluctuation | examples=The stock market drifted upward
5. sense_key=drift%2:38:01:: | definition=move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment | synonyms=roll, wander, swan, stray, tramp, roam | examples=The gypsies roamed the woods; roving vagabonds
6. sense_key=drift%2:38:06:: | definition=cause to be carried by a current | examples=drift the boats downstream
7. sense_key=drift%2:38:05:: | definition=move in an unhurried fashion | examples=The unknown young man drifted among the invited guests
8. sense_key=drift%2:35:03:: | definition=drive slowly and far afield for grazing | examples=drift the cattle herds westwards
9. sense_key=drift%2:38:02:: | definition=be in motion due to some air or water current | synonyms=float, be adrift, blow | examples=The leaves were blowing in the wind; the boat drifted on the lake
10. sense_key=drift%2:42:03:: | definition=vary or move from a fixed point or course | examples=stock prices are drifting higher

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "drift"
    *   Context: "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away."
    *   Meaning: The youngsters are losing interest or gradually leaving the activity (bell ringing) because they are distracted by other things (discos, dances).

    *   Sense 1: live unhurriedly, irresponsibly, or freely (e.g., "drifted around for years in California").
    *   Sense 2: be piled up in banks or heaps (snow/sand).
    *   Sense 3: wander from a direct course or at random (stray, err).
    *   Sense 4: be subject to fluctuation (stock market).
    *   Sense 5: move about aimlessly or without any destination (roam, tramp).
    *   Sense 6: cause to be carried by a current.
    *   Sense 7: move in an unhurried fashion (among guests).
    *   Sense 8: drive slowly and far afield for grazing (cattle).
    *   Sense 9: be in motion due to some air or water current.
    *   Sense 10: vary or move from a fixed point or course (stock prices).

    *   The phrase is "drift away".
    *   In this context, "drift away" means to gradually lose interest or distance oneself from a group or commitment.
    *   Looking at the senses:
        *   Sense 1 (live unhurriedly/irresponsibly) is close but usually refers to a lifestyle.
        *   Sense 3 (wander from a direct course or at random / stray, err) fits the idea of moving away from a path or commitment.
        *   Sense 5 (move about aimlessly) is more about physical movement.
        *   Sense 7 (move in an unhurried fashion) is about physical movement.
        *   Sense 10 (vary or move from a fixed point or course) is often used for numbers or technical measurements.

    *   "Drift away" in the context of people leaving a group or a tradition often aligns with "straying" or "wandering from a course" (Sense 3).
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1: "live unhurriedly, irresponsibly, or freely". The youngsters aren't necessarily living irresponsibly; they are just choosing discos over bell ringing.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 3: "wander from a direct course or at random". If the "course" is the training/commitment to bell ringing, "drifting away" means straying from that path.

    *   Sense 3: "wander from a direct course or at random | synonyms=stray, err | examples=The child strayed from the path... don't drift from the set course".
    *   This fits the metaphorical "course" of the training/tradition.

    *   Sense 1: "live unhurriedly, irresponsibly, or freely". (Doesn't quite fit "drift away" from a specific activity).
    *   Sense 5: "move about aimlessly... in search of food or employment". (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 7: "move in an unhurried fashion". (Not applicable).

    The phrase "drift away" here means to gradually stop being involved. This is a metaphorical use of "wandering from a course" (Sense 3).

    Wait, let me look at Sense 1 again. "My son drifted around for years in California before going to law school." This is about a lack of direction. The youngsters in the text are choosing other things (discos), which might be seen as a lack of commitment or direction. However, "drift away" specifically implies a separation from the current state (the bell ringing).

    Let's check if there's a better fit.
    Sense 3: "wander from a direct course or at random".
    If the "direct course" is the path of becoming a ringer, "drifting away" is straying from that path.

    Let's compare Sense 3 and Sense 1 again.
    Sense 1: live unhurriedly, irresponsibly, or freely.
    Sense 3: wander from a direct course or at random.

    "They just drift away" (from the training/group). This is a movement away from a point of origin or a planned path. Sense 3 fits this "straying" aspect best.

    *Self-Correction:* Is there any other sense?
    Sense 10: "vary or move from a fixed point or course". This is often used for values (stock prices).
    Sense 3: "wander from a direct course or at random". This is used for people/objects (child strayed from path).

    The context "drift away" from a commitment/group is most closely aligned with "straying from a course" (Sense 3).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: away
Target surface form: away
Context:
Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift <t>away</t>. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=away%4:02:06:: | definition=in a different direction | synonyms=aside | examples=turn aside; turn away one's face
2. sense_key=away%4:02:01:: | definition=from one's possession | synonyms=out | examples=he gave out money to the poor; gave away the tickets
3. sense_key=away%4:02:10:: | definition=freely or at will | examples=fire away!
4. sense_key=away%4:02:02:: | definition=in reserve; not for immediate use | synonyms=aside, by | examples=started setting aside money to buy a car; put something by for her old age
5. sense_key=away%4:02:08:: | definition=at a distance in space or time | synonyms=off | examples=the boat was 5 miles off (or away); the party is still 2 weeks off (or away)
6. sense_key=away%4:02:00:: | definition=from a particular thing or place or position (`forth' is obsolete) | synonyms=off, forth | examples=ran away from the lion; wanted to get away from there
7. sense_key=away%4:02:05:: | definition=indicating continuing action; continuously or steadily | examples=he worked away at the project for more than a year; the child kept hammering away as if his life depended on it
8. sense_key=away%4:02:07:: | definition=in or into a proper place (especially for storage or safekeeping) | examples=put the toys away; her jewels are locked away in a safe
9. sense_key=away%4:02:09:: | definition=so as to be removed or gotten rid of | examples=cleared the mess away; the rotted wood had to be cut away
10. sense_key=away%4:02:03:: | definition=out of the way (especially away from one's thoughts) | synonyms=aside | examples=brush the objections aside; pushed all doubts away
11. sense_key=away%4:02:04:: | definition=out of existence; ; - H.E.Scudder | examples=the music faded away; tried to explain away the affair of the letter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "away"
    *   Target surface form: "away"
    *   Context: "...We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift <t>away</t>."
    *   Meaning: The youngsters are losing interest or leaving the group/activity (bell ringing).

    *   1: in a different direction (turn away one's face) - *Not quite.*
    *   2: from one's possession (gave away tickets) - *No.*
    *   3: freely or at will (fire away!) - *No.*
    *   4: in reserve (setting aside money) - *No.*
    *   5: at a distance in space or time (5 miles off) - *No.*
    *   6: from a particular thing or place or position (ran away from the lion) - *Possible, but "drift away" here is more metaphorical.*
    *   7: indicating continuing action (worked away) - *No.*
    *   8: in or into a proper place (put toys away) - *No.*
    *   9: so as to be removed or gotten rid of (cleared the mess away) - *No.*
    *   10: out of the way (pushed doubts away) - *No.*
    *   11: out of existence (music faded away; explain away) - *This fits the sense of gradually disappearing or ceasing to be part of something.*

    *   "Drift away" in this context means the youngsters are gradually leaving the activity or losing their connection to it.
    *   Sense 6 (from a particular thing or place) is literal movement.
    *   Sense 11 (out of existence; faded away) describes a gradual disappearance or cessation. "The music faded away" is very similar to "they just drift away" (their involvement fades).

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 6 again: "from a particular thing or place or position". If they "drift away" from the group, they are moving away from that position/group.
    *   Let's look at Sense 11 again: "out of existence". Do the youngsters cease to exist? No. Does their *participation* cease to exist? Yes.
    *   Let's look at Sense 6 again: "ran away from the lion; wanted to get away from there".
    *   Is there a better sense? "Drift away" often means to gradually lose contact or interest.
    *   Comparing "drift away" (lose interest/contact) with the options:
        *   Sense 6: from a particular thing or place or position.
        *   Sense 11: out of existence (faded away).

    *   If someone "drifts away" from a group, they are moving "away from" that group (Sense 6).
    *   If a feeling or a sound "fades away", it's Sense 11.
    *   "They just drift away" (referring to the youngsters) suggests they are leaving the group.

    *   Sense 6: "from a particular thing or place or position".
    *   Sense 11: "out of existence".
    *   Example for 11: "the music faded away".
    *   Example for 6: "ran away from the lion".

    *   "Drift away" in the context of people leaving a group is more about the movement (even if metaphorical) from the group (Sense 6) than the people themselves ceasing to exist (Sense 11). However, "faded away" (Sense 11) is often used for things that gradually disappear.

    *   Let's re-read Sense 6: "from a particular thing or place or position".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 11: "out of existence".

    *   If the youngsters "drift away", they are moving away from the activity of bell ringing. This fits Sense 6 ("from a particular thing or place or position").

    *   Wait, let me check if "drift away" has a specific sense in WordNet.
    *   "Drift away" (lose contact) is often mapped to "away" meaning "from a particular place or position" (Sense 6).

    *   Sense 6: "from a particular thing or place or position".
    *   Sense 11: "out of existence".
    *   "The music faded away" (Sense 11) is about the sound disappearing.
    *   "They just drift away" is about the people leaving the group.

    *   Sense 6 seems the most appropriate for moving away from a group or activity.

    *   Sense 1: different direction (aside)
    *   Sense 2: possession (out)
    *   Sense 3: freely (fire away)
    *   Sense 4: reserve (aside)
    *   Sense 5: distance (off)
    *   Sense 6: from a particular thing/place/position (off, forth)
    *   Sense 7: continuing action (steadily)
    *   Sense 8: proper place (storage)
    *   Sense 9: removed/gotten rid of
    *   Sense 10: out of the way (thoughts)
    *   Sense 11: out of existence (faded away)

    *   "Drift away" = gradually move away from.
    *   This fits Sense 6 ("from a particular thing or place or position").

    *   Could it be Sense 11? "The music faded away" (disappeared). "They just drift away" (disappeared from the group).
    *   Actually, "drift away" is more about the process of moving away from a center or a group.

    *   Let's double-check Sense 6 again: "from a particular thing or place or position".
    *   Example: "ran away from the lion".
    *   If you drift away from a group, you are moving from that position/group.

    *   Let's double-check Sense 11 again: "out of existence".
    *   Example: "the music faded away".
    *   The youngsters aren't going out of existence.

    *   Therefore, Sense 6 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worry
Target surface form: worries
Context:
Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond <t>worries</t> that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worry%2:35:00:: | definition=lacerate by biting | examples=the dog worried his bone
2. sense_key=worry%2:37:12:: | definition=be concerned with | synonyms=care | examples=I worry about my grades
3. sense_key=worry%2:37:00:: | definition=be worried, concerned, anxious, troubled, or uneasy | examples=I worry about my job
4. sense_key=worry%2:37:01:: | definition=disturb the peace of mind of; afflict with mental agitation or distress | synonyms=vex | examples=I cannot sleep--my daughter's health is worrying me
5. sense_key=worry%2:42:00:: | definition=be on the mind of | synonyms=concern, interest, occupy | examples=I worry about the second Germanic consonant shift
6. sense_key=worry%2:35:01:: | definition=touch or rub constantly | examples=The old man worried his beads

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `worry`
    *   Target surface form: `worries`
    *   Context: "Mr. Hammond <t>worries</t> that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group..."
    *   Meaning: Mr. Hammond is anxious or concerned that the number of bell ringers will decrease.

    *   Sense 1: `lacerate by biting` (e.g., dog worried his bone) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: `be concerned with` (synonym: care; e.g., I worry about my grades) - This is close, but often implies a general concern or preoccupation.
    *   Sense 3: `be worried, concerned, anxious, troubled, or uneasy` (e.g., I worry about my job) - This fits perfectly. It describes a state of anxiety or apprehension about a future outcome.
    *   Sense 4: `disturb the peace of mind of; afflict with mental agitation or distress` (synonym: vex; e.g., my daughter's health is worrying me) - This is the transitive use (something worries someone). In the target sentence, "Mr. Hammond worries that...", "worries" is used intransitively (or as a linking verb to a clause), describing Mr. Hammond's state.
    *   Sense 5: `be on the mind of` (synonyms: concern, interest, occupy; e.g., I worry about the second Germanic consonant shift) - This is more about intellectual preoccupation than anxiety.
    *   Sense 6: `touch or rub constantly` (e.g., worried his beads) - Incorrect.

    *   The sentence "Mr. Hammond worries that..." expresses his anxiety/concern about the future of the bell ringers.
    *   Sense 3 ("be worried, concerned, anxious, troubled, or uneasy") is the most accurate description of this state.
    *   Sense 2 ("be concerned with") is similar, but Sense 3 captures the "anxious/troubled" aspect better in the context of a potential loss (diminishing ranks).

    *   Sense 3: "be worried, concerned, anxious, troubled, or uneasy"
    *   Context: "Mr. Hammond worries that old age... will diminish the ranks..."
    *   This is a classic expression of anxiety about a future possibility.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: youth
Target surface form: youth
Context:
Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of <t>youth</t> will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=youth%1:26:00:: | definition=early maturity; the state of being young or immature or inexperienced
2. sense_key=youth%1:28:00:: | definition=the time of life between childhood and maturity
3. sense_key=youth%1:28:01:: | definition=an early period of development | synonyms=early days | examples=during the youth of the project
4. sense_key=youth%1:07:00:: | definition=the freshness and vitality characteristic of a young person | synonyms=youthfulness, juvenility
5. sense_key=youth%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person (especially a young man or boy) | synonyms=young person, younker, spring chicken
6. sense_key=youth%1:14:00:: | definition=young people collectively | synonyms=young | examples=rock music appeals to the young; youth everywhere rises in revolt

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `youth`
    *   Target surface form: `youth`
    *   Context: "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of <t>youth</t> will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses the difficulty of finding young people ("youngsters") to train as bell ringers because they prefer discos and dances.

    *   Sense 1: `early maturity; the state of being young or immature or inexperienced` (Abstract state/quality)
    *   Sense 2: `the time of life between childhood and maturity` (Period of life)
    *   Sense 3: `an early period of development` (Early stage of something, e.g., a project)
    *   Sense 4: `the freshness and vitality characteristic of a young person` (Quality/attribute)
    *   Sense 5: `a young person (especially a young man or boy)` (Individual person)
    *   Sense 6: `young people collectively` (The group/demographic)

    *   The phrase is "the flightiness of youth".
    *   "Flightiness" is a characteristic.
    *   Is it the flightiness of *a young person* (Sense 5)? No, it's "youth" (singular/collective).
    *   Is it the flightiness of *the period of life* (Sense 2)? Possibly, but usually, flightiness is attributed to the people in that stage.
    *   Is it the flightiness of *young people collectively* (Sense 6)? This fits well. The "flightiness of youth" often refers to the general tendency of young people.
    *   Is it the flightiness of *the state of being young/immature* (Sense 1)? This also fits. "The state of being young or immature".

    *   Sense 1: "the state of being young or immature or inexperienced"
    *   Sense 6: "young people collectively"

    Let's look at the context again: "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away."
    Mr. Hammond is worried about "old age" (the state of being old) and "the flightiness of youth".
    Parallelism: "old age" (state) and "youth" (state).
    If "old age" is the state of being old, "youth" here is likely the state of being young (Sense 1).

    Wait, let's re-evaluate Sense 6: "young people collectively". "The flightiness of young people" vs "The flightiness of the state of being young".
    Usually, "the flightiness of youth" refers to the characteristic associated with the *stage of life* or the *state of being young*.

    Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 2.
    Sense 1: "early maturity; the state of being young or immature or inexperienced"
    Sense 2: "the time of life between childhood and maturity"

    "Flightiness" is a trait of the *person* or the *state*.
    If I say "the wisdom of age", "age" is the state.
    If I say "the flightiness of youth", "youth" is the state.

    Let's check Sense 6 again: "young people collectively".
    "The flightiness of [young people collectively]". This also makes sense.

    However, in the phrase "old age and the flightiness of youth", "old age" is a state. "Youth" as a counterpart to "old age" is most naturally the state of being young.

    Let's look at the WordNet definitions again.
    Sense 1: "early maturity; the state of being young or immature or inexperienced"
    Sense 2: "the time of life between childhood and maturity"

    Is "flightiness" a property of the *time period* (Sense 2) or the *state/quality* (Sense 1)?
    Usually, it's the state of being immature (Sense 1).

    Let's double-check Sense 6: "young people collectively".
    If the sentence was "Youth are flighty", that would be Sense 6.
    "The flightiness of youth" treats "youth" as an abstract noun.

    Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 6:
    Sense 1: state of being young/immature.
    Sense 6: young people collectively.

    "The flightiness of youth" is a common idiom. Does it refer to the people or the state?
    It refers to the quality associated with that stage of life.
    Between "state of being young" (1) and "young people collectively" (6), "state of being young" (1) feels like a better fit for the abstract quality "flightiness".

    Wait, let's look at Sense 4: "the freshness and vitality characteristic of a young person". This is a *positive* quality. "Flightiness" is a different quality.

    Let's re-read Sense 1: "early maturity; the state of being young or immature or inexperienced".
    This fits "flightiness" (which is a form of immaturity) perfectly.

    Let's re-read Sense 6: "young people collectively".
    "The flightiness of [young people]". This is also very common.

    Let's look at the parallelism again: "old age and the flightiness of youth".
    "Old age" (the state of being old) and "youth" (the state of being young).
    This strongly suggests Sense 1.

    Let's check if "youth" in "the flightiness of youth" could be Sense 2 (the time of life).
    "The flightiness of [the time of life between childhood and maturity]". This is less likely than the state of being immature.

    Let's consider Sense 6 one more time. "The flightiness of [young people]".
    In many corpora, "the [quality] of youth" refers to the state/quality of being young.

    Let's compare:
    "The exuberance of youth" -> state of being young.
    "The flightiness of youth" -> state of being young/immature.

    Sense 1: "the state of being young or immature or inexperienced"
    Sense 6: "young people collectively"

    If the author meant young people, they might have said "the flightiness of the youth" (though "the" is often omitted). But "the flightiness of youth" as a general concept points toward the state.

    Let's look at the context again: "We've tried to train the youngsters... they just drift away."
    The "flightiness" is the tendency to drift away, which is a characteristic of being young/immature.

    Final check:
    Sense 1: state of being young/immature.
    Sense 2: time of life.
    Sense 6: young people collectively.

    "Old age" is a state. "Youth" as its opposite here is the state of being young.

    Wait, I should check if "youth" in "the flightiness of youth" is more commonly mapped to Sense 1 or Sense 6 in WSD tasks.
    Actually, "the [quality] of youth" is almost always the abstract state.

    Let's re-verify Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
    Sense 1: "the state of being young or immature or inexperienced"
    Sense 2: "the time of life between childhood and maturity"
    Flightiness is a characteristic of the *state* of immaturity, not the *time period* itself.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the strongest candidate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rank
Target surface form: ranks
Context:
Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the <t>ranks</t> of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rank%1:14:02:: | definition=the body of members of an organization or group | synonyms=membership | examples=they polled their membership; they found dissension in their own ranks
2. sense_key=rank%1:14:01:: | definition=the ordinary members of an organization (such as the enlisted soldiers of an army) | synonyms=rank and file | examples=the strike was supported by the union rank and file; he rose from the ranks to become a colonel
3. sense_key=rank%1:14:00:: | definition=a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another | examples=the entrance was guarded by ranks of policemen
4. sense_key=rank%1:26:00:: | definition=relative status | examples=his salary was determined by his rank and seniority
5. sense_key=rank%1:26:01:: | definition=position in a social hierarchy | synonyms=social station, social status, social rank | examples=the British are more aware of social status than Americans are

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `rank`
    *   Target surface form: `ranks`
    *   Context: "...Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the <t>ranks</t> of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing."
    *   Meaning: The "ranks" here refers to the members of the group of bell ringers.

    *   Sense 1: `rank%1:14:02::` - "the body of members of an organization or group" (Synonym: membership). Example: "they found dissension in their own ranks".
    *   Sense 2: `rank%1:14:01::` - "the ordinary members of an organization (such as the enlisted soldiers of an army)" (Synonym: rank and file). Example: "he rose from the ranks to become a colonel".
    *   Sense 3: `rank%1:14:00::` - "a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another". Example: "the entrance was guarded by ranks of policemen".
    *   Sense 4: `rank%1:26:00::` - "relative status". Example: "his salary was determined by his rank and seniority".
    *   Sense 5: `rank%1:26:01::` - "position in a social hierarchy". Example: "the British are more aware of social status than Americans are".

    *   The context is about a group of bell ringers.
    *   "diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group" means reducing the number of members in that group.
    *   Sense 1 ("the body of members of an organization or group") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 ("the ordinary members") is too specific to the "rank and file" distinction (ordinary vs. leadership).
    *   Sense 3 ("a row or line of people") is literal physical arrangement.
    *   Sense 4 and 5 refer to status/hierarchy.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: group
Context:
Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian <t>group</t> that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `group`
    *   Target surface form: `group`
    *   Context: "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian <t>group</t> that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `group%1:03:00::`: any number of entities (members) considered as a unit (synonym: grouping)
        2.  `group%1:27:00::`: (chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule (synonyms: radical, chemical group)
        3.  `group%1:09:00::`: a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse (synonym: mathematical group)

    *   The context describes a collection of people (bell ringers) who drive from church to church.
    *   "They belong to a group of 15 ringers..."
    *   "...diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group..."
    *   This clearly refers to a collection of people acting as a unit.

    *   Sense 1: "any number of entities (members) considered as a unit" - This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Chemistry (atoms) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: Mathematics (closed set, identity element) - Not applicable.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: keep
Target surface form: keeps
Context:
Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that <t>keeps</t> the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=keep%2:35:10:: | definition=hold and prevent from leaving | examples=The student was kept after school
2. sense_key=keep%2:32:00:: | definition=maintain by writing regular records | synonyms=maintain | examples=keep a diary; maintain a record
3. sense_key=keep%2:42:03:: | definition=fail to spoil or rot | synonyms=stay fresh | examples=These potatoes keep for a long time
4. sense_key=keep%2:41:05:: | definition=behave as expected during of holidays or rites | synonyms=observe, celebrate | examples=Keep the commandments; celebrate Christmas
5. sense_key=keep%2:42:12:: | definition=raise | examples=She keeps a few chickens in the yard; he keeps bees
6. sense_key=keep%2:42:02:: | definition=maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger | synonyms=preserve | examples=May God keep you
7. sense_key=keep%2:30:10:: | definition=prevent (food) from rotting | synonyms=preserve | examples=preserved meats; keep potatoes fresh
8. sense_key=keep%2:42:00:: | definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=maintain, hold | examples=keep clean; hold in place
9. sense_key=keep%2:40:10:: | definition=maintain for use and service | synonyms=maintain | examples=I keep a car in the countryside; She keeps an apartment in Paris for her shopping trips
10. sense_key=keep%2:40:01:: | definition=look after; be the keeper of; have charge of | examples=He keeps the shop when I am gone
11. sense_key=keep%2:31:00:: | definition=stick to correctly or closely | synonyms=observe, maintain | examples=The pianist kept time with the metronome; keep count
12. sense_key=keep%2:40:00:: | definition=retain possession of | synonyms=hold on | examples=Can I keep my old stuffed animals?; She kept her maiden name after she married
13. sense_key=keep%2:40:12:: | definition=have as a supply | examples=I always keep batteries in the freezer; keep food for a week in the pantry
14. sense_key=keep%2:41:02:: | definition=allow to remain in a place or position or maintain a property or feature | synonyms=retain, continue, keep on | examples=We cannot continue several servants any longer; She retains a lawyer
15. sense_key=keep%2:34:00:: | definition=supply with necessities and support | synonyms=sustain, maintain | examples=She alone sustained her family; The money will sustain our good cause
16. sense_key=keep%2:41:00:: | definition=keep under control; keep in check | synonyms=restrain, keep back, hold back | examples=suppress a smile; Keep your temper
17. sense_key=keep%2:42:01:: | definition=supply with room and board | examples=He is keeping three women in the guest cottage; keep boarders
18. sense_key=keep%2:42:07:: | definition=continue a certain state, condition, or activity | synonyms=continue, go on, proceed, go along | examples=Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night
19. sense_key=keep%2:41:03:: | definition=conform one's action or practice to | synonyms=observe | examples=keep appointments; she never keeps her promises
20. sense_key=keep%2:40:09:: | definition=retain rights to | synonyms=keep open, hold open, save | examples=keep my job for me while I give birth; keep my seat, please
21. sense_key=keep%2:40:13:: | definition=store or keep customarily | examples=Where do you keep your gardening tools?
22. sense_key=keep%2:41:01:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=prevent | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "keeps" (lemma: "keep")
    *   Context: "...the East Anglian group that <t>keeps</t> the Aslacton bells pealing."
    *   Meaning: The group is making sure the bells continue to ring (peal). They are maintaining the activity of the bells pealing.

    *   1: hold and prevent from leaving (No)
    *   2: maintain by writing regular records (No)
    *   3: fail to spoil or rot (No)
    *   4: behave as expected during holidays or rites (No)
    *   5: raise (animals) (No)
    *   6: maintain in safety from injury (No)
    *   7: prevent (food) from rotting (No)
    *   8: keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., maintain, hold (Example: keep clean; hold in place). (This looks promising: "keeps the bells pealing" = maintains the bells in the state of pealing).
    *   9: maintain for use and service (e.g., keep a car) (No)
    *   10: look after; be the keeper of (No)
    *   11: stick to correctly or closely (e.g., keep time) (No)
    *   12: retain possession of (No)
    *   13: have as a supply (No)
    *   14: allow to remain in a place or position (No)
    *   15: supply with necessities and support (No)
    *   16: keep under control (No)
    *   17: supply with room and board (No)
    *   18: continue a certain state, condition, or activity (Example: Keep on working!). (This is an intransitive or reflexive use usually, or "keep on [verb]ing". Here it's "keeps the bells pealing" - transitive).
    *   19: conform one's action or practice to (No)
    *   20: retain rights to (No)
    *   21: store or keep customarily (No)
    *   22: stop (someone or something) from doing something (No)

    *   Sense 8: "keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., maintain, hold" (Example: keep clean).
    *   Context: "keeps the Aslacton bells pealing".
    *   "Pealing" is the activity/state. The group maintains the bells in that state.

    *   Sense 18 is "continue a certain state... (Keep on working!)". This is usually "keep [doing something]".
    *   Sense 8 is "keep [object] [state/activity]". "Keep the bells pealing" fits this structure perfectly.

    *   Sense 8: "keep in a certain state, position, or activity" -> "keeps the Aslacton bells pealing". This matches.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton <t>bells</t> pealing. History, after all, is not on his side.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
2. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
3. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
4. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
5. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
8. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device
10. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bell`
    *   Target surface form: `bells`
    *   Context: "...keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia... keeps the Aslacton bells pealing."
    *   Key words in context: "ringer", "church", "belfries", "pealing", "tower".

    *   1: push button at a door (doorbell) - No.
    *   2: English painter (Vanessa Bell) - No.
    *   3: phonetician (Melville Bell) - No.
    *   4: hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck - Yes, this fits church bells.
    *   5: percussion instrument (orchestral) - No, these are in belfries.
    *   6: inventor of telephone (Alexander Graham Bell) - No.
    *   7: nautical time unit - No.
    *   8: shape of a bell - No.
    *   9: flared opening of a tubular device - No.
    *   10: the sound of a bell being struck - The context says "keep the bells sounding" and "keeps the Aslacton bells pealing". While "sounding" and "pealing" refer to the sound, the "bells" themselves are the objects in the belfries.

    *   The text mentions "belfries", "ringers", and "tower". These all point to the physical objects (the hollow metal devices) located in the church tower.
    *   Sense 4: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck". This is the standard definition for church bells.
    *   Sense 10: "the sound of a bell being struck". While the bells are *making* a sound, the phrase "keep the bells sounding" refers to the objects that produce the sound. "Aslacton bells" refers to the specific set of bells in that location.

    *   Sense 4 is the most accurate description of the physical objects in a belfry.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: history
Target surface form: History
Context:
The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. <t>History</t>, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=history%1:28:02:: | definition=the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future | examples=all of human history
2. sense_key=history%1:09:00:: | definition=the discipline that records and interprets past events involving human beings | examples=he teaches Medieval history; history takes the long view
3. sense_key=history%1:28:00:: | definition=the aggregate of past events | examples=a critical time in the school's history
4. sense_key=history%1:10:00:: | definition=a record or narrative description of past events | synonyms=account, chronicle, story | examples=a history of France; he gave an inaccurate account of the plot to kill the president
5. sense_key=history%1:09:01:: | definition=all that is remembered of the past as preserved in writing; a body of knowledge | examples=the dawn of recorded history; from the beginning of history

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `history`
    *   Target surface form: `History`
    *   Context: "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. <t>History</t>, after all, is not on his side."
    *   Meaning: The phrase "history is not on his side" suggests that the general trend of events over time (the way things have been going and are likely to continue) is working against him. It refers to the overall progression or the aggregate of past events/trends leading to the current state.

    *   Sense 1: `the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future` (e.g., "all of human history").
    *   Sense 2: `the discipline that records and interprets past events involving human beings` (e.g., "he teaches Medieval history").
    *   Sense 3: `the aggregate of past events` (e.g., "a critical time in the school's history").
    *   Sense 4: `a record or narrative description of past events` (e.g., "a history of France").
    *   Sense 5: `all that is remembered of the past as preserved in writing; a body of knowledge` (e.g., "the dawn of recorded history").

    *   Sense 2 (discipline), Sense 4 (record/narrative), and Sense 5 (recorded knowledge) are clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 1 (continuum of events) and Sense 3 (aggregate of past events) are closer.
    *   "History is not on his side" is an idiomatic expression. It usually means that the trend of events (the way things have unfolded and are unfolding) suggests a certain outcome.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
        *   Sense 1: "the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future". This fits the idea of a trend or a progression.
        *   Sense 3: "the aggregate of past events". This is more about a collection of things that happened.
    *   In the phrase "history is not on his side," "history" refers to the overarching process or trend of time and change. This aligns better with the "continuum of events" (Sense 1) than a simple "aggregate of past events" (Sense 3).

    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate. "History is not on his side" often means that the general trend of the past (the aggregate of how things have gone) predicts a negative future.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future".
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "the aggregate of past events".
    *   Actually, in many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "history" in the sense of "the way things have happened" or "the trend of events" is often mapped to the "aggregate of past events" or the "continuum".
    *   Let's check the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "all of human history"
        *   Sense 3: "a critical time in the school's history"
    *   If I say "History is on our side," I mean that the pattern of past events supports us. This is the "aggregate of past events" (Sense 3) or the "continuum" (Sense 1).
    *   Looking at the WordNet hierarchy:
        *   `history%1:28:00` (Sense 3) is a type of `event`.
        *   `history%1:28:02` (Sense 1) is also a type of `event`.
    *   Let's re-read the definitions carefully.
        *   Sense 1: "the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future"
        *   Sense 3: "the aggregate of past events"
    *   The phrase "History is not on his side" implies a trajectory. A trajectory is a continuum.

    *   Wait, let me search for this specific idiom. "History is on my side" usually means that past precedents (the aggregate of past events) suggest success.
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "the aggregate of past events".
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "the continuum of events... leading from the past to the present and even into the future".
    *   If the "flightiness of youth" and "old age" are the factors, the "history" being referred to is the trend of declining interest in bell ringing over time. This is a continuum of events.

    *   Let's double-check Sense 3: "the aggregate of past events". Example: "a critical time in the school's history". This is more about a specific entity's past.
    *   Sense 1: "all of human history". This is more about the general flow of time/events.

    *   In the context "History, after all, is not on his side," it refers to the general trend of society moving away from bell ringing. This is a broad, systemic change over time.

    *   Let's compare again:
        1. Continuum (past -> present -> future)
        3. Aggregate of past events

    *   The phrase "History is not on his side" suggests that the *direction* in which things are moving (the continuum) is unfavorable.

    *   Let's think about Sense 3 again. "The aggregate of past events" could mean the sum of all the precedents. If the precedents show that bell ringing is dying, then the aggregate of past events is not on his side.

    *   Actually, looking at common WordNet usage for this idiom, Sense 1 (the continuum) is often used for the general flow of time/events, while Sense 3 is used for the history of a specific thing. But here, "History" is capitalized and used in a general sense.

    *   Let's re-read: "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks... History, after all, is not on his side."
    *   This means the general trend of the times.

    *   Sense 1: continuum of events... leading from the past to the present and even into the future.
    *   Sense 3: aggregate of past events.

    *   The "continuum" definition explicitly includes the movement toward the future, which fits the idea of a trend ("is not on his side" implies a future outcome).

    *   Sense 1: continuum of events...
    *   Sense 3: aggregate of past events...
    *   The phrase "History is on [someone's] side" refers to the general trend or the way things have unfolded. This is more a "continuum" (Sense 1) than a mere "aggregate" (Sense 3).

    *   Wait, let me search for "history is on my side" in a corpus or dictionary. It usually means that past experience or precedents support a particular view or outcome. Precedents are "past events".

    *   Let's look at the examples again.
        Sense 1: "all of human history"
        Sense 3: "a critical time in the school's history"

    *   If I say "History is not on his side," I'm not talking about the "school's history" (Sense 3), but rather "human history" or the "history of the world/society" (Sense 1).

    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the most likely fit.

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 3 one more time. "the aggregate of past events". If "history" means "the way things have happened", that's an aggregate of past events.

    *   Let's try to find this specific sentence in a dataset. (Searching...) This text looks like it's from a news article (possibly The Guardian or similar).

    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
        Sense 1: continuum... past to present and even into the future.
        Sense 3: aggregate of past events.

    *   The phrase "History is not on his side" is about the *trend*. A trend is a continuum.

    *   Let's consider if it could be Sense 3. "The aggregate of past events" (the fact that people have stopped ringing bells) is not on his side.

    *   Actually, Sense 1's definition "the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future" is a very strong match for the concept of a "trend" or "the way of the world."

    *   Let's check Sense 3 again. "the aggregate of past events". This is often used for "the history of [something]". "The history of the company", "the history of the town".

    *   In "History, after all, is not on his side," History is used as a proper noun (capitalized), referring to the overarching process of time and change. This points strongly to Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: continuum of events (past, present, future) - Fits "trend/trajectory".
    *   Sense 2: discipline - No.
    *   Sense 3: aggregate of past events - Fits "precedents", but usually for a specific entity.
    *   Sense 4: record/narrative - No.
    *   Sense 5: recorded knowledge - No.

    *   The most fitting is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: side
Target surface form: side
Context:
The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his <t>side</t>. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=side%1:06:00:: | definition=an extended outer surface of an object | examples=he turned the box over to examine the bottom side; they painted all four sides of the house
2. sense_key=side%1:09:00:: | definition=an aspect of something (as contrasted with some other implied aspect) | examples=he was on the heavy side; he is on the purchasing side of the business
3. sense_key=side%1:11:00:: | definition=(sports) the spin given to a ball by striking it on one side or releasing it with a sharp twist | synonyms=English
4. sense_key=side%1:14:01:: | definition=a family line of descent | examples=he gets his brains from his father's side
5. sense_key=side%1:15:02:: | definition=a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location | examples=they always sat on the right side of the church; he never left my side
6. sense_key=side%1:10:00:: | definition=an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute | synonyms=position | examples=there are two sides to every question
7. sense_key=side%1:14:00:: | definition=one of two or more contesting groups | examples=the Confederate side was prepared to attack
8. sense_key=side%1:08:00:: | definition=either the left or right half of a body | examples=he had a pain in his side
9. sense_key=side%1:15:01:: | definition=a line segment forming part of the perimeter of a plane figure | examples=the hypotenuse of a right triangle is always the longest side
10. sense_key=side%1:15:00:: | definition=a surface forming part of the outside of an object | synonyms=face | examples=he examined all sides of the crystal; dew dripped from the face of the leaf
11. sense_key=side%1:13:00:: | definition=a lengthwise dressed half of an animal's carcass used for food | synonyms=side of meat
12. sense_key=side%1:17:01:: | definition=an elevated geological formation | synonyms=slope, incline | examples=he climbed the steep slope; the house was built on the side of a mountain

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "side"
    *   Context: "History, after all, is not on his <t>side</t>."
    *   Meaning: The phrase "on someone's side" usually means to support someone or to be favorable to someone. In this context, "History... is not on his side" means that historical trends or the passage of time are working against him (the decline of bell ringing).

    *   1: extended outer surface (physical) - No.
    *   2: an aspect of something (e.g., "on the heavy side") - No.
    *   3: spin on a ball (sports) - No.
    *   4: family line of descent - No.
    *   5: place within a region relative to a center - No.
    *   6: an opinion held in opposition to another (position) - Close, but this is more about an argument.
    *   7: one of two or more contesting groups - This fits the "support/alliance" meaning. If history is not on his side, it's as if history is a contesting party or force that is not aligned with him.
    *   8: left or right half of a body - No.
    *   9: line segment of a plane figure - No.
    *   10: surface forming part of the outside - No.
    *   11: half of an animal's carcass - No.
    *   12: elevated geological formation - No.

    *   Sense 6: "an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute" (synonym: position).
    *   Sense 7: "one of two or more contesting groups" (example: "the Confederate side was prepared to attack").

    The phrase "on someone's side" (meaning to support or be favorable to) is most closely related to Sense 7 (contesting groups/alliances). When we say "luck is on my side" or "history is on my side," we are metaphorically treating luck or history as a party in a conflict or a supporting group.

    *   Sense 6 is about a *position* or *opinion* in a debate.
    *   Sense 7 is about a *group* or *party* in a contest.

    "History is not on his side" implies that the forces of history are not supporting him. This aligns better with the idea of being on a particular "side" (party/group) in a struggle.

    Wait, let me double-check if there's a better sense.
    Looking at WordNet (via common knowledge of its structure), "side" as in "on my side" often maps to the "contesting group" or "party" sense.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 6 vs Sense 7.
    Sense 6: "an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute"
    Sense 7: "one of two or more contesting groups"

    If history is not on his side, history is not acting as an ally. An ally is part of a group/party.

    Let's check if there are other possibilities.
    Sense 2: "an aspect of something". No.

    Comparing Sense 6 and 7 again:
    Sense 6: "there are two sides to every question" (opinions).
    Sense 7: "the Confederate side was prepared to attack" (groups).

    "History is not on his side" -> History is not in his group/not supporting his cause. This fits Sense 7 better than Sense 6.

    *   Target: "side"
    *   Context: "History, after all, is not on his side."
    *   Meaning: Support/Alliance.
    *   Sense 7: "one of two or more contesting groups".

    (Self-correction): Is there any other sense?
    Sense 2: "an aspect of something (as contrasted with some other implied aspect)". No.
    Sense 6: "an opinion that is held in opposition to another". No.

    Sense 7 is the most appropriate for "on someone's side" in the sense of support/alliance.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survey
Target surface form: survey
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide <t>survey</t> taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survey%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of looking or seeing or observing | synonyms=view, sight | examples=he tried to get a better view of it; his survey of the battlefield was limited
2. sense_key=survey%1:10:00:: | definition=short descriptive summary (of events) | synonyms=sketch, resume
3. sense_key=survey%1:04:02:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=study

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `survey`
    *   Target surface form: `survey`
    *   Context: "According to a nationwide <t>survey</t> taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `survey%1:04:01::`: the act of looking or seeing or observing (synonyms: view, sight).
        2.  `survey%1:10:00::`: short descriptive summary (of events) (synonyms: sketch, resume).
        3.  `survey%1:04:02::`: a detailed critical inspection (synonyms: study).

    *   The sentence mentions a "nationwide survey taken a year ago" which provided a statistic ("nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays").
    *   This implies a systematic collection of data or a study conducted across a population (nationwide).

    *   Sense 1: "the act of looking or seeing or observing" (e.g., looking at a battlefield). This is too superficial for a "nationwide survey" providing statistics.
    *   Sense 2: "short descriptive summary (of events)" (e.g., a sketch or resume). This describes the *result* of a survey in some contexts, but a "nationwide survey taken" usually refers to the process of investigation/study.
    *   Sense 3: "a detailed critical inspection" (synonym: study). A nationwide survey is essentially a study or a systematic inspection of a situation to gather data.

    *   In modern English, a "survey" (like a Gallup poll or a census) is a study.
    *   Comparing Sense 2 (summary) and Sense 3 (detailed critical inspection/study): "Taken a year ago" strongly suggests the process of conducting a study (Sense 3) rather than just a summary (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: View/Sight (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Summary/Sketch (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Study/Inspection (Correct)