[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: shown
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as <t>shown</t> in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
2. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
5. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
6. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
7. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
8. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
9. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show
10. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
11. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
12. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: length

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `show`
    *   Target surface form: `shown`
    *   Context: "Finally, as <t>shown</t> in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices..."
    *   Meaning: The table presents data or evidence that demonstrates a specific fact (Democrats allocate more staff to district offices).

    *   Sense 1: indicate a certain reading (gauges/instruments) - No.
    *   Sense 2: be or become visible or noticeable - No.
    *   Sense 3: provide evidence for (testify, bear witness, prove, evidence) - Possible.
    *   Sense 4: establish the validity of something (prove, demonstrate, establish) - Possible.
    *   Sense 5: take someone to their seats (usher) - No.
    *   Sense 6: make visible or noticeable - No.
    *   Sense 7: give an exhibition of (demo, exhibit, present) - No.
    *   Sense 8: indicate a place, direction, person, or thing - No.
    *   Sense 9: finish third or better in a race - No.
    *   Sense 10: give expression to (express, evince) - No.
    *   Sense 11: give evidence of, as of records (The diary shows his distress) - Possible.
    *   Sense 12: show in, or as in, a picture (picture, depict, render) - Possible (a table is a visual representation).

    *   Sense 3: "provide evidence for" (e.g., "The blood test showed that he was the father").
    *   Sense 4: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment" (e.g., "The experiment demonstrated the instability...").
    *   Sense 11: "give evidence of, as of records" (e.g., "The diary shows his distress").
    *   Sense 12: "show in, or as in, a picture" (e.g., "This scene depicts country life").

    *   The phrase "as shown in the table" is a standard way of saying "as demonstrated by the data in the table" or "as evidenced by the table."
    *   Sense 4 (establish validity/demonstrate) fits well when a table is used to prove a point.
    *   Sense 3 (provide evidence for) is very similar.
    *   Sense 11 (give evidence of, as of records) is also close, but "records" usually refers to diaries, logs, etc., whereas a table is a summary of data.
    *   Sense 12 (depict/render) is usually for images/paintings, not data tables.

    *   Sense 3: provide evidence for.
    *   Sense 4: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment.

    In academic writing, "as shown in Table X" usually means "as demonstrated by the data presented in Table X." This aligns closely with Sense 4 (demonstrate/establish validity). However, Sense 3 (provide evidence for) is also very strong.

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 4: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture."
    Let's look at the examples for Sense 3: "The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence."

    Wait, let's look at Sense 11 again: "give evidence of, as of records" (Example: "The diary shows his distress"). A table is a record of data.

    Actually, "as shown in the table" is most frequently mapped to "demonstrate" or "indicate" in the sense of presenting data to support a claim.

    Comparing Sense 3 and Sense 4:
    Sense 3: provide evidence for.
    Sense 4: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment.

    A table is an "example" or "explanation" (or a presentation of data) used to establish the validity of the claim that "Democrats allocate a higher proportion...".

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 12: "show in, or as in, a picture". A table is a visual representation. But "depict" or "render" doesn't quite fit a data table.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 3: "provide evidence for". This is very general and fits well.

    Let's look at the context again: "Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion..."
    This is essentially saying "The table provides evidence that Democrats allocate..."

    Is there a better fit?
    Sense 4: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
    Sense 3: "provide evidence for".

    In many WordNet-based datasets, "shown in the table" is often categorized under "demonstrate" (Sense 4).

    Let's double-check Sense 11: "give evidence of, as of records". A table is a record. But "The diary shows his distress" is more about revealing a state of mind than presenting data to prove a point.

    Let's compare Sense 3 and 4 again.
    Sense 3: provide evidence for (testify, bear witness, prove, evidence).
    Sense 4: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment (prove, demonstrate, establish).

    "As shown in the table" is almost synonymous with "As demonstrated in the table."

    Let's check if there's any other sense.
    Sense 6: "make visible or noticeable". (Too simple).
    Sense 8: "indicate a place, direction, person, or thing". (No).

    Between 3 and 4, Sense 4's "demonstrate" is a very common synonym for "show" when referring to tables/figures in academic texts.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 3 again: "provide evidence for".
    Example: "The blood test showed that he was the father."
    This is very similar to "The table showed that Democrats allocate..."

    Let's look at Sense 4 again: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
    Example: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound."

    A table is more like the "experiment" or the "example" used to demonstrate the point.

    Let's search for "as shown in the table" in WSD contexts. Often, it's "demonstrate" (Sense 4).

    Let's re-read Sense 3: "provide evidence for".
    Let's re-read Sense 4: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".

    The table is the *means* by which the fact is shown.
    "As shown in the table" -> "As [it is] demonstrated in the table".

    Let's consider Sense 11 one more time: "give evidence of, as of records".
    If the table is considered a "record", this could work. But "records" in Sense 11 usually means historical records or personal logs.

    Let's compare Sense 3 and 4 again.
    Sense 3: provide evidence for.
    Sense 4: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment.

    If I have to choose the *best* one:
    "The table shows that..." = "The table demonstrates that..." (Sense 4)
    "The table shows that..." = "The table provides evidence that..." (Sense 3)

    Sense 4 specifically mentions "by an example, explanation or experiment". A table is a way of presenting an explanation or evidence.

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 4: prove, demonstrate, establish.
    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 3: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence.

    "Demonstrate" (Sense 4) feels slightly more appropriate for a data table than "testify" or "bear witness" (Sense 3).

    Wait, let me look at Sense 12 again: "show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render".
    Could a table be a "picture"? In some contexts, yes, but "depict" is usually for images.

    Let's think about "as shown in the table" again.
    "As [is] shown in the table"
    This is a passive construction.
    "The table shows [that] Democrats allocate..."
    This is the active version.

    If the table is the subject, it is *demonstrating* the fact.

    Let's try to find this specific example or similar ones in WSD corpora (like SemCor).
    In SemCor, "show" in the context of "shown in the figure/table" is often mapped to the sense of "demonstrate" or "be visible".

    Wait, "be visible" is Sense 2 or 6.
    Sense 2: "be or become visible or noticeable"
    Sense 6: "make visible or noticeable"

    "As shown in the table" could mean "As [it is made] visible in the table".
    But the table isn't just making the numbers visible; it's demonstrating a trend or a fact.

    Let's re-examine Sense 4: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
    This fits the academic purpose of the table.

    Let's re-examine Sense 3: "provide evidence for".
    This also fits.

    Is there a nuance?
    Sense 3: "The blood test showed that he was the father." (The test is the evidence).
    Sense 4: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound." (The experiment is the process of establishing validity).

    A table is more like the blood test (the evidence) than the experiment (the process).

    Wait, let's look at Sense 11 again: "give evidence of, as of records".
    "The diary shows his distress that evening."
    A table is a record of data.

    Let's compare:
    - The table provides evidence for the claim. (Sense 3)
    - The table demonstrates the claim. (Sense 4)
    - The table gives evidence of the claim, as a record does. (Sense 11)

    Actually, Sense 4's "demonstrate" is very common for this. Let's look at the synonyms again.
    Sense 4: prove, demonstrate, establish.
    Sense 3: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence.

    "Demonstrate" is the most natural fit for "shown in the table".

    Let's double-check Sense 6: "make visible or noticeable".
    "Show me your etchings, please."
    "As shown in the table" could be "As [it is made] visible in the table".

    But in the context of "Democrats allocate a higher proportion...", the table is not just making the numbers visible, it's *showing* (demonstrating) the fact.

    Let's look at Sense 4 again. "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
    A table is an example/explanation of the data.

    Let's consider Sense 3 again. "provide evidence for".
    "The blood test showed that he was the father."
    This is almost exactly the same structure as "The table showed that Democrats allocate...".

    Wait, let me search for "show" in WordNet again.
    Sense 3: provide evidence for.
    Sense 4: establish the validity of something.

    If the table is just presenting the data, it's providing evidence (Sense 3). If it's being used to prove a point, it's demonstrating (Sense 4).

    In the context: "Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion..."
    The author is using the table to support their argument. This is "demonstrating" or "providing evidence for".

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 4 again: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound."
    This is very similar to "The table demonstrated that Democrats allocate...".

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 3 again: "The blood test showed that he was the father."
    This is also very similar.

    Is there a difference between "provide evidence for" and "establish the validity of"?
    "Provide evidence for" is slightly weaker than "establish the validity of".
    A table usually *provides evidence* rather than *establishing the validity* (which might require a more complex analysis).

    However, in common usage, "show" in "as shown in the table" is often synonymous with "demonstrate".

    Let's re-read Sense 11: "give evidence of, as of records".
    "The diary shows his distress that evening."
    This is about a record revealing something. A table is a record.

    Let's compare Sense 3 and Sense 11.
    Sense 3: provide evidence for (testify, bear witness, prove, evidence).
    Sense 11: give evidence of, as of records.

    Sense 3 is more general. Sense 11 is specifically for records.

    Let's look at the context again. The table is a summary of data.
    "as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion..."

    If I search for "as shown in the table" and "WordNet", I often see it associated with "demonstrate".

    Let's try to see if Sense 4 is the best fit.
    Sense 4: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment.
    Synonyms: prove, demonstrate, establish.

    This seems to be the most professional/academic fit for "as shown in the table".

    Wait, let me look at Sense 12 one more time. "show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render".
    If the table is viewed as a figure/picture, "shown in the table" could be Sense 12.
    But "depict" and "render" are really for artistic or illustrative representations, not data tables.

    Let's reconsider Sense 3: "provide evidence for".
    "The blood test showed that he was the father."
    This is a very strong match for "The table showed that Democrats allocate...".

    Let's compare Sense 3 and Sense 4 one last time.
    Sense 3: provide evidence for.
    Sense 4: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment.

    In the sentence "as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion...", the table is the *evidence* being provided.

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 4: "prove, demonstrate, establish".
    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 3: "testify, bear witness, prove, evidence".

    "Demonstrate" (Sense 4) is a very common synonym for "show" in this context.

    Let's think about the phrase "as shown in the table".
    It's almost a formulaic expression in academic writing.
    "As shown in Figure 1..."
    "As shown in Table 2..."

    This usually means "As can be seen" or "As is demonstrated".
    "As can be seen" would be Sense 6 (make visible).
    "As is demonstrated" would be Sense 4.

    Let's look at Sense 6: "make visible or noticeable".
    Example: "Show me your etchings, please."
    This is more about physical visibility.

    Let's look at Sense 4 again. "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
    A table is a way of presenting an example or explanation of the data to establish the validity of a claim.

    Let's check Sense 3 again. "provide evidence for".
    "The blood test showed that he was the father."
    This is also very close.

    Wait, I just found a similar example in a WSD dataset where "shown in the table" was mapped to "demonstrate".

    Let's double-check the sense keys.
    Sense 3: show%2:32:00
    Sense 4: show%2:31:00

    Let's re-read the definitions.
    3: provide evidence for
    4: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment

    If the table is used to *prove* the point, Sense 4 is better. If it's just *evidence*, Sense 3 is better.
    The context says: "Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion..."
    This is the final piece of evidence in a series of arguments (First, Second, Finally).
    The author is using the table to *demonstrate* their point.

    Let's go with Sense 4.

    Wait, let me think about Sense 11 again. "give evidence of, as of records".
    "The diary shows his distress that evening."
    A table is a record. But "distress" is an internal state, while "allocate a higher proportion" is a factual data point. Sense 11 seems more about revealing something hidden in a record.

    Let's compare Sense 3 and 4 again.
    Sense 3: provide evidence for.
    Sense 4: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment.

    Actually, "provide evidence for" (Sense 3) is a very good fit for a table.
    But "demonstrate" (Sense 4) is also very good.

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 4 again: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound."
    This is very similar to "The table demonstrated the difference in allocation."

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 3 again: "The blood test showed that he was the father."
    This is also very similar.

    Is there any


status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: shown
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as <t>shown</t> in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
2. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
5. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
6. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
7. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
8. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
9. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show
10. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
11. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
12. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 12. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `show`
    *   Target surface form: `shown`
    *   Context: "Finally, as <t>shown</t> in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices..."
    *   Meaning: The table presents data or evidence that demonstrates a specific fact (Democrats allocate more staff to district offices).

    *   1: indicate a certain reading (gauges/instruments) - No.
    *   2: be or become visible or noticeable - No.
    *   3: provide evidence for (testify, bear witness, prove, evidence) - Possible.
    *   4: establish the validity of something (prove, demonstrate, establish) - Possible.
    *   5: take someone to their seats (usher) - No.
    *   6: make visible or noticeable - No.
    *   7: give an exhibition of (demo, exhibit, present) - No.
    *   8: indicate a place, direction, person, or thing - No.
    *   9: finish third or better in a race - No.
    *   10: give expression to (express, evince) - No.
    *   11: give evidence of, as of records (The diary shows his distress) - Possible.
    *   12: show in, or as in, a picture (picture, depict, render) - Possible (a table is a visual representation).

    *   Sense 3: "provide evidence for" (The blood test showed that he was the father).
    *   Sense 4: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment" (The experiment demonstrated the instability...).
    *   Sense 11: "give evidence of, as of records" (The diary shows his distress).
    *   Sense 12: "show in, or as in, a picture" (This scene depicts country life).

    *   The phrase "as shown in the table" is a standard way of saying "as demonstrated by the data in the table" or "as presented in the table."
    *   Sense 4 (establish validity/demonstrate) fits well when a table is used to prove a point.
    *   Sense 12 (depict/render) is usually for images/paintings, not data tables.
    *   Sense 3 (provide evidence for) is very similar to Sense 4.
    *   Sense 11 (give evidence of, as of records) is close, but "records" usually refers to diaries, logs, etc., rather than a summary table.

    *   Sense 4: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment" (Synonyms: prove, demonstrate, establish).
    *   Sense 3: "provide evidence for" (Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence).

    In academic writing, "as shown in the table" typically means "as demonstrated by the data presented in the table." This aligns most closely with Sense 4 (demonstrate/establish validity).

    Wait, let's look at Sense 12 again: "show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render". A table is a visual representation. But "depict" isn't quite right for a data table.

    Let's look at Sense 3 again: "provide evidence for".

    Let's look at Sense 4 again: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".

    Actually, "as shown in the table" is often used to point to the evidence.

    Let's compare Sense 3 and Sense 4.
    Sense 3: "The blood test showed that he was the father."
    Sense 4: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound."

    The table is providing the evidence (Sense 3) or demonstrating the point (Sense 4).

    Let's check Sense 11: "give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening". A table is a record of data.

    However, "as shown in the table" is most frequently mapped to "demonstrate" or "indicate" in these types of datasets.

    Looking at the options again:
    Sense 3: provide evidence for.
    Sense 4: establish the validity of something.

    In the context "as shown in the table, Democrats allocate...", the table is being used to *demonstrate* or *provide evidence* for the claim.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 4: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". A table is an example/explanation of the data.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 3: "provide evidence for".

    Often, "show" in "shown in the table" is treated as "demonstrate" (Sense 4).

    Let's double-check Sense 12: "show in, or as in, a picture". A table is not exactly a picture.

    Let's look at Sense 3 again. "The blood test showed that he was the father." This is very similar to "The table showed that Democrats allocate...".

    Wait, let's look at Sense 4 again. "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound." This is also very similar.

    Is there a nuance? Sense 4 is more about *establishing validity* (proving a hypothesis), while Sense 3 is more about *providing evidence*.

    In the context: "Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion..." The author is using the table to support their argument.

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 4: prove, demonstrate, establish.
    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 3: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence.

    "Demonstrate" (Sense 4) feels slightly more appropriate for a table in a research paper than "testify" or "bear witness" (Sense 3).

    Let's check Sense 11 again: "give evidence of, as of records". A table is a record. "The diary shows his distress". "The table shows the allocation".

    Actually, looking at common WSD patterns for "shown in the table", it often maps to "demonstrate" or "indicate".

    Let's compare Sense 3 and 4 again.
    Sense 3: provide evidence for.
    Sense 4: establish the validity of something.

    If I have to choose the *best* one:
    "As shown in the table" -> "As demonstrated in the table".
    Sense 4 synonyms include "demonstrate".

    Let's check Sense 6: "make visible or noticeable". (Too simple).
    Let's check Sense 8: "indicate a place, direction, person, or thing". (No).

    Between 3 and 4, 4 is more about the *process* of proving/demonstrating, which fits the academic context of using a table to support a claim.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 3 again. "The blood test showed that he was the father." This is a direct observation from a test. A table is a summary of observations.

    Let's try Sense 4.

    Wait, let me search for "show" in WordNet for "shown in the table".
    Often, "show" meaning "to make clear" or "to demonstrate" is Sense 4.

    Let's re-read Sense 4: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
    The table serves as the "example" or "explanation" (data) to establish the validity of the claim that Democrats allocate more staff to district offices.

    Let's re-read Sense 3: "provide evidence for".
    The table provides evidence for the claim.

    This is very close. Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 3: "The blood test showed that he was the father."
    Sense 4: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound."

    The "blood test" is a piece of evidence. The "experiment" is a process to establish validity. A "table" is a presentation of evidence.

    Actually, "as shown in the table" is almost always used to mean "as can be seen" or "as is demonstrated".

    Let's look at Sense 12 again: "show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render".
    Could a table be a "picture" in a broad sense? "The table depicts the allocation..." No, that's not common.

    Let's look at Sense 11: "give evidence of, as of records".
    "The diary shows his distress".
    "The table shows the allocation".
    This is also very close.

    Let's think about the most common mapping. In many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "show" in the context of a table or figure is often mapped to "demonstrate" or "indicate".

    Sense 4: establish the validity of something... synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish.
    Sense 3: provide evidence for... synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence.

    "Demonstrate" is a very strong fit for "shown in the table".

    Let's double-check Sense 6: "make visible or noticeable".
    "Show me your etchings, please."
    "As shown in the table" could mean "as made visible in the table". But that's less likely in a formal academic context.

    Let's consider Sense 4 again. "The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture." This is about proving something. The author is using the table to prove that Democrats allocate more staff.

    Final check:
    Sense 3: provide evidence for.
    Sense 4: establish the validity of something.
    Sense 11: give evidence of, as of records.

    If the table *is* the evidence, Sense 3 or 11. If the table *demonstrates* the point, Sense 4.
    "As shown in the table" = "As demonstrated by the table".

    Let's go with Sense 4.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


attempt_kind: initial

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: table
Target surface form: table
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the <t>table</t>, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=table%1:06:01:: | definition=a piece of furniture having a smooth flat top that is usually supported by one or more vertical legs | examples=it was a sturdy table
2. sense_key=table%1:14:01:: | definition=a company of people assembled at a table for a meal or game | examples=he entertained the whole table with his witty remarks
3. sense_key=table%1:17:00:: | definition=flat tableland with steep edges | synonyms=mesa | examples=the tribe was relatively safe on the mesa but they had to descend into the valley for water
4. sense_key=table%1:13:01:: | definition=food or meals in general | synonyms=board | examples=she sets a fine table; room and board
5. sense_key=table%1:14:00:: | definition=a set of data arranged in rows and columns | synonyms=tabular array | examples=see table 1
6. sense_key=table%1:06:02:: | definition=a piece of furniture with tableware for a meal laid out on it | examples=I reserved a table at my favorite restaurant

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `table`
    *   Target surface form: `table`
    *   Context: "...Finally, as shown in the <t>table</t>, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices... the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Furniture (smooth flat top)
        2.  Company of people at a meal/game
        3.  Flat tableland (mesa)
        4.  Food or meals in general
        5.  Set of data arranged in rows and columns (tabular array)
        6.  Furniture with tableware laid out

    *   The context mentions "as shown in the table" and "personal staffing differences noted in the table".
    *   The text is discussing economic/political data (budgets, attendance rates, staffing proportions).
    *   This clearly refers to a data table (a tabular array of information).

    *   Sense 5: "a set of data arranged in rows and columns | synonyms=tabular array | examples=see table 1" matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democrat
Target surface form: Democrats
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, <t>Democrats</t> allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democrat%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Democratic Party
2. sense_key=democrat%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate of democratic principles | synonyms=populist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `democrat`
    *   Target surface form: `Democrats`
    *   Context: The text discusses GOP senators, Democratic Party members, roll-call votes, House and Senate attendance rates, and party control. It explicitly compares "GOP senators" (Republicans) with "Democrats".
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `democrat%1:18:01::`: a member of the Democratic Party.
        2.  `democrat%1:18:00::`: an advocate of democratic principles (populist).

    *   The context mentions "GOP senators", "Republicans", "Democratic House attendance rate", and "control of that body changed party hands".
    *   This clearly refers to the political party (Democratic Party) in the United States, not a general advocate of democracy.

    *   Sense 1: Member of the Democratic Party. (Matches perfectly)
    *   Sense 2: Advocate of democratic principles. (Does not match the specific party context)

    *   The correct sense index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: proportion
Target surface form: proportion
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher <t>proportion</t> of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proportion%1:07:00:: | definition=magnitude or extent | synonyms=dimension | examples=a building of vast proportions
2. sense_key=proportion%1:07:01:: | definition=harmonious arrangement or relation of parts or elements within a whole (as in a design); - John Ruskin | synonyms=proportionality, balance | examples=in all perfectly beautiful objects there is found the opposition of one part to another and a reciprocal balance
3. sense_key=proportion%1:24:00:: | definition=the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole
4. sense_key=proportion%1:25:00:: | definition=balance among the parts of something | synonyms=symmetry
5. sense_key=proportion%1:24:01:: | definition=the relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity, magnitude, or degree | synonyms=ratio | examples=an inordinate proportion of the book is given over to quotations; a dry martini has a large proportion of gin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "proportion"
    *   Context: "Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher <t>proportion</t> of their personal staffs to district offices..."
    *   Meaning: The sentence is talking about the percentage or fraction of staff members assigned to district offices compared to the total staff.

    *   Sense 1: magnitude or extent (e.g., "a building of vast proportions") - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: harmonious arrangement or relation of parts (e.g., design, balance) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole (mathematical definition of a fraction/percentage) - Fits well.
    *   Sense 4: balance among the parts of something (symmetry) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: the relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity, magnitude, or degree (ratio) - Also fits, but Sense 3 is more specific to "part of a whole" (staff in district offices vs. total staff).

    *   Sense 3: "the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole"
    *   Sense 5: "the relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity, magnitude, or degree" (synonym: ratio).
    *   In the context "higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices", it refers to the part (staff in district offices) relative to the whole (total personal staff). This is exactly what Sense 3 describes. Sense 5 is more general (could be a ratio between two different things, not necessarily part-to-whole).

    *   "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices"
    *   This means (Staff in district offices) / (Total staff) is higher for Democrats than for Republicans.
    *   This matches Sense 3 perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their <t>personal</t> staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings
2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
3. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
4. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
5. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `personal`
    *   Target surface form: `personal`
    *   Context: "...Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their <t>personal</t> staffs to district offices..."
    *   Other occurrences of "personal staff" in the text: "allocated personal staff budgets", "primary duty of personal staff", "personal staffing decisions", "personal staffing differences".

    *   Sense 1: `personal%3:01:00` - indicating grammatical person (e.g., personal verb endings). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: `personal%5:00:00:physical:00` - intimately concerning a person's body or physical being (e.g., personal hygiene). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: `personal%3:00:00` - concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality (e.g., a personal favor; for your personal use). -> This fits the idea of staff assigned to a specific individual (the legislator) rather than a committee or the party.
    *   Sense 4: `personal%3:01:01` - of or arising from personality (e.g., personal magnetism). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: `personal%5:00:00:subjective:00` - particular to a given individual. -> This is similar to Sense 3, but Sense 3's "concerning or affecting a particular person" is a better fit for "personal staff" (staff belonging to/assigned to a specific person).

    *   "Personal staff" in a political context refers to the employees hired by an individual member of Congress to assist them in their duties, as opposed to "committee staff" (mentioned later in the text: "...over other resources such as committee staff").
    *   This means the staff is assigned to a *particular person* (the legislator).
    *   Sense 3: "concerning or affecting a particular person..."
    *   Sense 5: "particular to a given individual."

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 3 vs Sense 5.
    Sense 3: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality" (Example: "a personal favor", "for your personal use").
    Sense 5: "particular to a given individual".

    In the phrase "personal staff", the staff is for the *use* of the individual legislator. This aligns well with "for your personal use" in Sense 3.

    Wait, let's look at the WordNet structure if possible.
    Sense 3 is often used for things belonging to or used by a specific person.
    Sense 5 is often used for subjective views (e.g., "my personal opinion").

    Comparing "personal staff" to "personal use" (Sense 3) vs "personal opinion" (Sense 5). "Personal staff" is much closer to "personal use" (resources allocated to a specific person).

    *   Sense 1: Grammatical (No)
    *   Sense 2: Physical (No)
    *   Sense 3: Concerning/affecting a particular person/private life (Yes - "personal use")
    *   Sense 4: Personality (No)
    *   Sense 5: Subjective/particular to an individual (No - usually refers to opinions/perspectives)

    The context contrasts "personal staff" with "committee staff". This confirms that "personal" here means "assigned to the individual member". This fits Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: staff
Target surface form: staffs
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal <t>staffs</t> to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=staff%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) the system of five horizontal lines on which the musical notes are written | synonyms=stave
2. sense_key=staff%1:27:00:: | definition=building material consisting of plaster and hair; used to cover external surfaces of temporary structure (as at an exposition) or for decoration
3. sense_key=staff%1:10:01:: | definition=a rod carried as a symbol
4. sense_key=staff%1:14:01:: | definition=personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task | examples=the hospital has an excellent nursing staff; the general relied on his staff to make routine decisions
5. sense_key=staff%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong rod or stick with a specialized utilitarian purpose | examples=he walked with the help of a wooden staff
6. sense_key=staff%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of teachers and administrators at a school | synonyms=faculty | examples=the dean addressed the letter to the entire staff of the university

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `staff`
    *   Target surface form: `staffs`
    *   Context: "Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal <t>staffs</t> to district offices..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo, GOP senators, personal staff budgets, congressional Republicans, Democrats, and personal staffing decisions. It's clearly about political personnel.

    *   Sense 1: (music) system of five horizontal lines. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: building material (plaster and hair). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: a rod carried as a symbol. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task. (Correct - fits "personal staffs" in a political/office context).
    *   Sense 5: a strong rod or stick. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: the body of teachers and administrators at a school (faculty). (Incorrect - this is a specific type of staff, but the context is political/congressional).

    *   The context refers to "personal staff budgets" and "personal staffing decisions" regarding members of Congress.
    *   Sense 4 ("personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task") perfectly describes the aides and employees hired by senators and representatives.

    *   Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: office
Target surface form: offices
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district <t>offices</t> -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=office%1:04:02:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, spot, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury
2. sense_key=office%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
3. sense_key=office%1:04:00:: | definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
4. sense_key=office%1:26:00:: | definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office
5. sense_key=office%1:06:00:: | definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | synonyms=business office | examples=he rented an office in the new building
6. sense_key=office%1:14:00:: | definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | synonyms=office staff | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
7. sense_key=office%1:14:01:: | definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `office`
    *   Target surface form: `offices`
    *   Context: "...Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district <t>offices</t> -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."

    *   Sense 1: `office%1:04:02` - a job in an organization (position, post).
    *   Sense 2: `office%1:04:01` - actions/activities assigned to a person (function, role).
    *   Sense 3: `office%1:04:00` - religious rite.
    *   Sense 4: `office%1:26:00` - holding power (being in office).
    *   Sense 5: `office%1:06:00` - place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed (business office).
    *   Sense 6: `office%1:14:00` - professional or clerical workers in an office (office staff).
    *   Sense 7: `office%1:14:01` - an administrative unit of government (agency, bureau).

    *   The text mentions "district offices" and "Washington offices".
    *   It discusses allocating "personal staffs" to these offices.
    *   It describes these offices as places "where local benefit-seeking duties matter more".
    *   This clearly refers to physical locations (places of business/work) where staff members are stationed.

    *   Sense 5 (`office%1:06:00`) is "place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 7 (`office%1:14:01`) is "an administrative unit of government". While a district office is part of a government operation, the context emphasizes the physical location (district vs. Washington) and the allocation of staff *to* those locations. Sense 5 is the more precise fit for the physical workspace.

    *   Sense 1: Not a job title.
    *   Sense 2: Not a function/role.
    *   Sense 3: Not religious.
    *   Sense 4: Not about holding power.
    *   Sense 6: Not referring to the people (the staff are allocated *to* the offices).
    *   Sense 7: "Administrative unit" is broader; "place of business" (Sense 5) fits the spatial contrast between "district" and "Washington".

    *   The target word is "offices".
    *   Context: "district offices" vs "Washington offices".
    *   Sense 5: "place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed".
    *   This is the most accurate description of a district office in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where <t>local</t> benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia
2. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
3. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `local`
    *   Target surface form: `local`
    *   Context: "...Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where <t>local</t> benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `local%3:00:02::`: affecting only a restricted part or area of the body (medical context).
        2.  `local%3:00:01::`: relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area (administrative/governmental context).
        3.  `local%3:01:01::`: of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood (general locality context).

    *   The sentence discusses "district offices," "benefit-seeking duties," and "national policy making activities."
    *   It contrasts "local benefit-seeking" with "national policy making."
    *   The context is political science/economics, specifically regarding congressional staff and their roles in serving their districts (local) versus the nation (national).

    *   Sense 1 (medical) is completely irrelevant.
    *   Sense 2 (administrative/governmental): "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area." This fits perfectly with "district offices" and the contrast with "national policy making."
    *   Sense 3 (characteristic of a locality): "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood." While "local" in a general sense, Sense 2 is more specific to the administrative/governmental nature of "district offices" and "benefit-seeking" (pork barrel politics/constituent services).

    *   The text mentions "district offices" and "national policy making."
    *   "Local benefit-seeking" refers to the activities of a representative serving their specific district (administrative/governmental jurisdiction).
    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area." This aligns precisely with the "district offices" vs. "Washington offices" (national) distinction.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: duty
Target surface form: duties
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking <t>duties</t> matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=duty%1:04:02:: | definition=work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons | examples=the duties of the job
2. sense_key=duty%1:04:00:: | definition=the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; ; - John D.Rockefeller Jr | synonyms=responsibility, obligation | examples=we must instill a sense of duty in our children; every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty
3. sense_key=duty%1:21:00:: | definition=a government tax on imports or exports | synonyms=tariff | examples=they signed a treaty to lower duties on trade between their countries

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `duty`
    *   Target surface form: `duties`
    *   Context: "...Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking <t>duties</t> matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."

    *   Sense 1: `duty%1:04:02::` - "work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons" (Example: "the duties of the job").
    *   Sense 2: `duty%1:04:00::` - "the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force" (Synonyms: responsibility, obligation).
    *   Sense 3: `duty%1:21:00::` - "a government tax on imports or exports" (Synonym: tariff).

    *   The context discusses "personal staff budgets," "personal staff," "local benefit-seeking," and "district offices."
    *   The phrase is "local benefit-seeking duties."
    *   In this context, "duties" refers to the tasks or work that the personal staff members are expected to perform (specifically, seeking benefits for their local district).
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 1 ("work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons," e.g., "the duties of the job").
    *   Sense 2 is more about the *feeling* or *concept* of duty (moral obligation).
    *   Sense 3 is about taxes/tariffs, which is completely irrelevant here.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: national
Target surface form: national
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and <t>national</t> policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=national%3:01:02:: | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
2. sense_key=national%5:00:00:domestic:00 | definition=inside the country | synonyms=home, interior, internal | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior; the nation's internal politics
3. sense_key=national%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero; national anthem
4. sense_key=national%3:00:00:: | definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy
5. sense_key=national%3:00:01:: | definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government; national elections
6. sense_key=national%5:00:00:public:00 | definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
7. sense_key=national%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "national"
    *   Context: "...where local benefit-seeking duties matter more and <t>national</t> policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
    *   Key phrase: "national policy making activities"
    *   Contrast: "local benefit-seeking duties" vs. "national policy making activities".

    *   Sense 1: characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation (e.g., national trait) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 2: inside the country (domestic, internal) - *Possible, but usually refers to internal vs. foreign.*
    *   Sense 3: of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country (e.g., national hero) - *Too general.*
    *   Sense 4: limited to or in the interests of a particular nation (e.g., national interests) - *Focuses on "limited to" or "interests".*
    *   Sense 5: concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country (e.g., the national government; national elections) - *Fits well. "National policy making" refers to policies that apply to the entire nation, as opposed to "local benefit-seeking".*
    *   Sense 6: owned or maintained for the public by the national government (e.g., national parks) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 7: of or relating to nationality (e.g., national origin) - *Incorrect.*

    *   The context contrasts "local" (district offices) with "national" (Washington offices).
    *   "Local benefit-seeking" refers to things benefiting a specific district.
    *   "National policy making" refers to activities that affect the entire country.
    *   Sense 5 ("concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country") perfectly captures this distinction.

    *   Sense 3 is very general ("of or relating to").
    *   Sense 5 is more specific ("concerned with or applicable to... an entire nation").
    *   In the context of "national policy making" vs "local benefit-seeking", the "entire nation" aspect is the key differentiator.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: policy
Target surface form: policy
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national <t>policy</t> making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=policy%1:10:02:: | definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy
2. sense_key=policy%1:10:00:: | definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. sense_key=policy%1:09:00:: | definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `policy`
    *   Target surface form: `policy`
    *   Context: "...to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking... national <t>policy</t> making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `policy%1:10:02::`: written contract or certificate of insurance.
        2.  `policy%1:10:00::`: a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government.
        3.  `policy%1:09:00::`: a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group.

    *   The context discusses "national policy making" in the context of GOP and Democratic senators/representatives, roll-call votes, and legislative duties.
    *   It contrasts "national policy making" with "local benefit-seeking."
    *   This clearly refers to the creation of laws, regulations, or general courses of action for the government/country.

    *   Sense 1 (Insurance): Irrelevant.
    *   Sense 2 (Line of argument rationalizing government action): This is close, but "policy making" usually refers to the actual plan or course of action being decided upon, not just the *argument* rationalizing it.
    *   Sense 3 (Plan of action adopted by an individual or social group): A government is a social group. A "national policy" is a plan of action adopted by the government.

    *   Sense 2: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government"
    *   Sense 3: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group"
    *   In the phrase "national policy making," "policy" refers to the actual goals, laws, and strategies (the plan of action) the government implements. While Sense 2 mentions government, it limits "policy" to the *argument* rationalizing the action. Sense 3 is broader and fits the standard meaning of "public policy" or "national policy" (the plan/course of action).

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 2: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government".
    *   Let me re-read Sense 3: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group".
    *   In political science, "policy making" is the process of creating a "plan of action" (Sense 3).
    *   Looking at WordNet's typical structure, "policy" as in government policy is often categorized as a plan of action.

    *   Sense 2 is very specific ("line of argument").
    *   Sense 3 is more general ("plan of action").
    *   "National policy making" refers to the creation of the plan of action for the nation.

    *   Sense 1: Insurance (No)
    *   Sense 2: Argument for government action (Too narrow)
    *   Sense 3: Plan of action (Fits best)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: making
Target surface form: making
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy <t>making</t> activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=making%1:04:00:: | definition=the act that results in something coming to be | synonyms=devising, fashioning | examples=the devising of plans; the fashioning of pots and pans
2. sense_key=making%1:07:00:: | definition=an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something | synonyms=qualification | examples=her qualifications for the job are excellent; one of the qualifications for admission is an academic degree
3. sense_key=making%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something | examples=the recipe listed all the makings for a chocolate cake

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `making`
    *   Target surface form: `making`
    *   Context: "...national policy <t>making</t> activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `making%1:04:00::`: the act that results in something coming to be (synonyms: devising, fashioning).
        2.  `making%1:07:00::`: an attribute that must be met or complied with (synonym: qualification).
        3.  `making%1:06:00::`: (usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something.

    *   The phrase is "national policy making activities".
    *   "Policy making" refers to the process of creating, devising, or establishing policies.
    *   This fits the definition of "the act that results in something coming to be" (Sense 1).
    *   It does not fit "qualification" (Sense 2).
    *   It does not fit "components needed for making something" (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 1: "the act that results in something coming to be" (e.g., "the devising of plans"). "Policy making" is essentially the devising of policies.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: activity
Target surface form: activities
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making <t>activities</t> matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=activity%1:22:00:: | definition=an organic process that takes place in the body | synonyms=bodily process, body process, bodily function | examples=respiratory activity
2. sense_key=activity%1:26:01:: | definition=(chemistry) the capacity of a substance to take part in a chemical reaction | examples=catalytic activity
3. sense_key=activity%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=action, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
4. sense_key=activity%1:22:01:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, action | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
5. sense_key=activity%1:04:00:: | definition=any specific behavior | examples=they avoided all recreational activity
6. sense_key=activity%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active; moving or acting rapidly and energetically | synonyms=activeness | examples=the level of activity declines with age

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `activity`
    *   Target surface form: `activities`
    *   Context: "...where local benefit-seeking duties matter more and national policy making <t>activities</t> matter less relative to Washington offices."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `activity%1:22:00`: organic process in the body (bodily process).
        2.  `activity%1:26:01`: chemistry (capacity for chemical reaction).
        3.  `activity%1:26:00`: state of being active (action, activeness).
        4.  `activity%1:22:01`: process in nature (natural process).
        5.  `activity%1:04:00`: any specific behavior (e.g., recreational activity).
        6.  `activity%1:07:00`: trait of being active (activeness).

    *   The phrase is "national policy making activities".
    *   "Policy making activities" refers to the specific things people do when they are making policy (drafting bills, debating, negotiating, etc.).
    *   It's not a bodily process (1), a chemical reaction (2), a natural process (4), or a general trait of being active (6).
    *   It's between "the state of being active" (3) and "any specific behavior" (5).

    *   Sense 3: "the state of being active" (synonyms: action, activeness). Example: "his sphere of activity".
    *   Sense 5: "any specific behavior". Example: "they avoided all recreational activity".

    *   "National policy making activities" refers to the specific tasks or behaviors involved in policy making.
    *   Comparing "state of being active" vs "specific behavior":
        *   "Policy making activities" are the actual things done (the behaviors/tasks).
        *   Sense 5 ("any specific behavior") fits better for "activities" used in the plural to describe a set of tasks or actions.
        *   Sense 3 is more about the general state or sphere of action.

    *   "Recreational activity" (Sense 5) is very similar in structure to "policy making activities".
    *   "Sphere of activity" (Sense 3) refers to a domain.

    *   Sense 5: "any specific behavior" -> "policy making activities" (the behaviors associated with making policy).
    *   Sense 3: "the state of being active" -> doesn't fit as well for plural "activities" in this context.

    *   Sense 5 is the most appropriate for "activities" meaning tasks or actions performed.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: relative
Target surface form: relative
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less <t>relative</t> to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=relative%5:00:00:proportionate:00 | definition=properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by `to' | synonyms=proportional | examples=the punishment ought to be proportional to the crime; earnings relative to production
2. sense_key=relative%3:00:00:: | definition=estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete | synonyms=comparative | examples=a relative stranger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `relative`
    *   Target surface form: `relative`
    *   Context: "...Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less <t>relative</t> to Washington offices."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `relative%5:00:00:proportionate:00`: properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by `to`. Synonyms: proportional. Examples: "the punishment ought to be proportional to the crime", "earnings relative to production".
        2.  `relative%3:00:00::`: estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete. Synonyms: comparative. Examples: "a relative stranger".

    *   The sentence says: "...national policy making activities matter less <t>relative</t> to Washington offices."
    *   This is comparing the importance of national policy making activities in district offices versus Washington offices.
    *   It's a comparison of degree/importance.
    *   The structure is "X matters less relative to Y".

    *   Sense 1: "properly related in size or degree... usually followed by 'to'". This fits the "relative to" structure and the comparison of degree (how much they matter).
    *   Sense 2: "estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete". This usually describes a quality (e.g., "relative success", "relative stranger"). It doesn't fit the "relative to [something else]" comparative structure as well as Sense 1 does in this specific grammatical usage.

    *   "National policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
    *   This means: Compared to how much they matter in Washington offices, they matter less in district offices.
    *   This is a comparison of degree.
    *   Sense 1's definition "properly related in size or degree" and the example "earnings relative to production" align well with comparing the degree of importance in two different locations.

    *   Sense 1: Proportionate/related in degree.
    *   Sense 2: Comparative/not absolute.
    *   In the phrase "relative to", it almost always maps to the sense of "in comparison with" or "proportionate to". Sense 1 explicitly mentions "usually followed by 'to'".

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.