[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, <t>made</t> by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
2. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
3. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
4. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
5. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
6. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
7. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
8. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
9. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
10. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
11. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
12. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
13. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
14. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
15. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
16. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
17. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
18. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
19. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
20. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
21. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
22. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
23. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
24. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
25. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
26. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
27. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
28. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
29. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
30. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
31. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
32. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
33. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
34. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
35. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug
36. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
37. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
38. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
39. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
40. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
41. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
44. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
45. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
46. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
47. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
48. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
49. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `make`
    *   Target surface form: `made`
    *   Context: "...the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, <t>made</t> by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study..."

    *   The sentence says: "the initial discovery... <t>made</t> by a Boston doctor..."
    *   Here, "made" refers to the act of making a "discovery".
    *   "Make a discovery" means to find something, to perform the act of discovering, or to carry out the process that leads to a discovery.

    *   1: be or be capable of being changed or made into (No)
    *   2: perform or carry out (Examples: make a decision; make a move) - *Possible*
    *   3: amount to (No)
    *   4: constitute the essence of (No)
    *   5: earn (No)
    *   6: give certain properties to something (No)
    *   7: calculate as being (No)
    *   8: organize or be responsible for (No)
    *   9: cause to do (No)
    *   10: make by combining materials and parts (No)
    *   11: gather and light materials for (No)
    *   12: carry out or commit (Examples: make a mistake; commit a faux-pas) - *Possible, but usually for negative things*
    *   13: develop into (No)
    *   14: put in order or neaten (No)
    *   15: assure the success of (No)
    *   16: act in a certain way so as to acquire (No)
    *   17: create or manufacture a man-made product (No)
    *   18: give rise to; cause to happen or occur (No)
    *   19: be suitable for (No)
    *   20: behave in a certain way (No)
    *   21: appear to begin an activity (No)
    *   22: create by artistic means (No)
    *   23: head into a specified direction (No)
    *   24: reach in time (No)
    *   25: undergo fabrication or creation (No)
    *   26: make or cause to be or to become (No)
    *   27: bowel movement (No)
    *   28: reach a destination (No)
    *   29: cause to be enjoyable (No)
    *   30: compose or represent (No)
    *   31: create or design (No)
    *   32: induce to have sex (No)
    *   33: charge with a function (No)
    *   34: institute, enact, or establish (No)
    *   35: eliminate urine (No)
    *   36: form by assembling individuals (No)
    *   37: add up to (No)
    *   38: compel (No)
    *   39: change from one form into another (No)
    *   40: proceed along a path (No)
    *   41: make, formulate, or derive in the mind (No)
    *   42: represent fictitiously (No)
    *   43: achieve a point or goal (No)
    *   44: prepare for eating (No)
    *   45: reach a goal (No)
    *   46: make by shaping or bringing together constituents (No)
    *   47: engage in (No)
    *   48: consider as being (No)
    *   49: favor the development of (No)

    *   Sense 2: "perform or carry out" (Examples: make a decision; make a move).
    *   Sense 12: "carry out or commit" (Examples: make a mistake; commit a faux-pas).
    *   Sense 41: "make, formulate, or derive in the mind" (Examples: draw a conclusion).

    "Make a discovery" is a common collocation. Does it fit "perform or carry out"? Yes, making a discovery is performing the act of discovering. Sense 2 is a general sense for "perform or carry out" an action or process.

    Let's re-examine Sense 2: "perform or carry out".
    Examples: "make a decision", "make a move".
    "Make a discovery" fits this pattern perfectly.

    Let's re-examine Sense 12: "carry out or commit".
    Examples: "make a mistake", "commit a faux-pas".
    This sense is typically used for errors or crimes.

    Let's re-examine Sense 41: "make, formulate, or derive in the mind".
    Examples: "draw a conclusion".
    While discovery happens in the mind, "make a discovery" is more about the act of finding something than just formulating a thought.

    Sense 2 is the most general and appropriate for "make a discovery".

    Wait, let me double-check if there's a better one.
    Sense 17: "create or manufacture a man-made product" (No)
    Sense 26: "make or cause to be or to become" (No)
    Sense 31: "create or design" (No)

    Looking at Sense 2 again: "perform or carry out".
    "Make a discovery" = "Carry out a discovery" (though "make" is the standard verb).

    Let's check if "make a discovery" fits any other sense.
    Sense 47: "engage in" (No)
    Sense 41: "make, formulate, or derive in the mind" (No)

    Actually, let's look at Sense 2 again. "make a decision", "make a move". These are actions. "Make a discovery" is also an action/achievement.

    Is there any other sense?
    Sense 18: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur" (No)
    Sense 43: "achieve a point or goal" (No)

    Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 12:
    Sense 2: perform or carry out (neutral/positive)
    Sense 12: carry out or commit (negative)
    "Discovery" is positive.

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: doctor
Target surface form: doctor
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston <t>doctor</t> named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=doctor%1:18:00:: | definition=a licensed medical practitioner | synonyms=doc, physician, MD, Dr., medico | examples=I felt so bad I went to see my doctor
2. sense_key=doctor%1:04:00:: | definition=children take the roles of physician or patient or nurse and pretend they are at the physician's office | examples=the children explored each other's bodies by playing the game of doctor
3. sense_key=doctor%1:18:02:: | definition=(Roman Catholic Church) a title conferred on 33 saints who distinguished themselves through the orthodoxy of their theological teaching | synonyms=Doctor of the Church | examples=the Doctors of the Church greatly influenced Christian thought down to the late Middle Ages
4. sense_key=doctor%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who holds Ph.D. degree (or the equivalent) from an academic institution | synonyms=Dr. | examples=she is a doctor of philosophy in physics

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "doctor"
    *   Target surface form: "doctor"
    *   Context: "...the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston <t>doctor</t> named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `doctor%1:18:00::`: a licensed medical practitioner (physician, MD).
        2.  `doctor%1:04:00::`: children playing a game.
        3.  `doctor%1:18:02::`: Doctor of the Church (Catholic).
        4.  `doctor%1:18:01::`: a person who holds a Ph.D. degree.

    *   The context mentions "discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth," "cancer study," and "National Cancer Institute."
    *   Thaddeus Dryja is described as a "Boston doctor" who made this discovery.
    *   In the context of medical research, cancer, and genes, "doctor" almost always refers to a medical practitioner (MD) or a medical researcher (who is often an MD or PhD).
    *   Comparing sense 1 (medical practitioner) and sense 4 (PhD holder):
        *   Sense 1: "licensed medical practitioner" (physician, MD).
        *   Sense 4: "person who holds Ph.D. degree".
    *   While many researchers have PhDs, the term "doctor" in a medical context (especially when associated with cancer research and clinical findings) typically aligns with the medical practitioner sense (Sense 1), or is used interchangeably. However, looking at the specific phrasing "Boston doctor," it strongly suggests a medical professional.

    *   Sense 1: Medical practitioner.
    *   Sense 2: Game. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Religious title. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: PhD holder. (Possible, but Sense 1 is the primary meaning for someone working in medical/cancer research in this context).

    *   Thaddeus Dryja was a physician (MD).
    *   The context is heavily medical (retinoblastoma, cancer, National Cancer Institute).
    *   Sense 1 is the most fitting.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: name
Target surface form: named
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor <t>named</t> Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=name%2:41:01:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=nominate, make | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
2. sense_key=name%2:41:00:: | definition=create and charge with a task or function | synonyms=appoint, nominate, constitute | examples=nominate a committee
3. sense_key=name%2:32:04:: | definition=make reference to | synonyms=mention, advert, bring up, cite, refer | examples=His name was mentioned in connection with the invention
4. sense_key=name%2:32:07:: | definition=mention and identify by name | examples=name your accomplices!
5. sense_key=name%2:32:03:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=call | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
6. sense_key=name%2:32:09:: | definition=give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of | synonyms=list | examples=List the states west of the Mississippi
7. sense_key=name%2:31:00:: | definition=determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness through a diagnostic analysis | synonyms=diagnose
8. sense_key=name%2:31:01:: | definition=identify as in botany or biology, for example | synonyms=identify, discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe
9. sense_key=name%2:32:02:: | definition=give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property | synonyms=identify | examples=Many senators were named in connection with the scandal; The almanac identifies the auspicious months

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `name`
    *   Target surface form: `named`
    *   Context: "...the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor <t>named</t> Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study..."

    *   Sense 1: charge with a function (e.g., named Head of the Committee).
    *   Sense 2: create and charge with a task (e.g., nominate a committee).
    *   Sense 3: make reference to (e.g., His name was mentioned).
    *   Sense 4: mention and identify by name (e.g., name your accomplices!).
    *   Sense 5: assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to (e.g., They named their son David).
    *   Sense 6: give or make a list of (e.g., List the states).
    *   Sense 7: determine or distinguish the nature of a problem/illness (diagnose).
    *   Sense 8: identify as in botany or biology (identify).
    *   Sense 9: give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name (identify).

    *   The phrase is "a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja".
    *   In this context, "named" is used as a past participle acting as an adjective to identify the doctor by his name.
    *   It means "who is called" or "whose name is".
    *   Looking at the senses:
        *   Sense 5: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=call | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader".
        *   Sense 9: "give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property | synonyms=identify".

    *   Sense 5 is about the *act* of assigning a name (naming a baby, naming a school).
    *   Sense 9 is about *identifying* someone by their name.
    *   Wait, let's look at the usage "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja". This is a very common construction. Is it "assigning a name" or "identifying by name"?
    *   Actually, in "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja", "named" functions as a reduced relative clause: "a doctor [who is] named Thaddeus Dryja".
    *   Does "named" here mean "called"? Yes.
    *   Sense 5: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=call".
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 9: "give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name...".
    *   Usually, "a person named X" is treated as "a person called X".
    *   Let's check Sense 5 again: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=call | examples=They named their son David".
    *   If we say "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja", we aren't necessarily talking about the *act* of naming him, but rather that he *is* named that. However, in many WordNet-style datasets, "named" in this identifying sense ("a man named John") is mapped to the sense of "calling" or "assigning a name".

    *   Sense 5: assign a name / call.
    *   Sense 9: identify / refer to by name.
    *   "A doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" -> The doctor is identified by the name Thaddeus Dryja.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 5: "They named their son David". This is the active process of naming.
    *   Let's look at Sense 9: "Many senators were named in connection with the scandal". This is identifying someone.
    *   Wait, "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" is more like "a doctor called Thaddeus Dryja".
    *   Is there a better sense?
    *   Sense 3: make reference to (mention). No.
    *   Sense 4: mention and identify by name (name your accomplices). No.
    *   Sense 5: assign a name (call).
    *   Sense 9: identify/refer to by name.

    Let's compare "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" with "the senators were named". In the latter, they were identified as suspects. In the former, the name is simply provided as an identifier.

    Actually, looking at common WSD patterns for "named" in "a [noun] named [Name]", it often maps to the sense of "called" or "given the name".

    Let's re-read Sense 5: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=call".
    If "named" = "called", then Sense 5 is the strongest candidate.

    Let's re-read Sense 9: "give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property | synonyms=identify".

    In "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja", the author is *giving the name* of the doctor to identify him.

    Wait, let's look at the examples for Sense 5 again: "They named their son David". This is the *act* of naming.
    "The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader". This is also the *act* of naming.

    Is "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" the *act* of naming? No. It's a state of being called that. But in English, "named" in this context is the past participle of "to name" (meaning to give a name to).

    Let's look at Sense 9 again: "give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name...".
    Example: "Many senators were named in connection with the scandal". This means they were identified.

    If I say "I met a man named Bob", am I identifying him or was he assigned the name Bob? He was assigned the name Bob, and I am now referring to him by that name.

    Let's check other possibilities.
    Sense 3: make reference to.
    Sense 4: mention and identify by name.

    Actually, "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" is most closely aligned with "called". Sense 5 lists "call" as a synonym.

    Let's double-check Sense 9 again. "give the name or identifying characteristics of".
    If the sentence was "The report named Thaddeus Dryja as the doctor", that would be Sense 9.
    But "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" is a modifier.

    Let's look at Sense 5 again. "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to".
    If we treat "named" as "who was named", it fits the passive of Sense 5.

    Let's compare:
    A: "The baby was named John." (Sense 5)
    B: "A man named John entered the room." (Sense 5? Or Sense 9?)

    In B, "named John" is a participial phrase. The action of naming happened in the past. The doctor *was named* Thaddeus Dryja (by his parents).

    Therefore, Sense 5 is the most likely intended sense.

    *   Sense 1: Appoint (No)
    *   Sense 2: Appoint (No)
    *   Sense 3: Mention (No)
    *   Sense 4: Identify accomplices (No)
    *   Sense 5: Assign a name/Call (Yes)
    *   Sense 6: List (No)
    *   Sense 7: Diagnose (No)
    *   Sense 8: Identify (botany) (No)
    *   Sense 9: Identify/Refer to by name (No, this is more like "The witness named the suspect").

    The phrase "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" means "a doctor who is called Thaddeus Dryja". Sense 5's synonym is "call".

    Wait, let me re-read Sense 9 one more time. "give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property | synonyms=identify | examples=Many senators were named in connection with the scandal".
    This is more about *pointing someone out* or *naming them as a culprit/participant*.

    Sense 5 is about the *name itself*. "They named their son David". "A doctor named Thaddeus Dryja".

    Conclusion: Sense 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: open
Target surface form: opened
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has <t>opened</t> a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=open%2:30:01:: | definition=become available | synonyms=open up | examples=an opportunity opened up
2. sense_key=open%2:35:08:: | definition=spread out or open from a closed or folded state | synonyms=unfold, spread, spread out | examples=open the map; spread your arms
3. sense_key=open%2:33:00:: | definition=make the opening move | examples=Kasparov opened with a standard opening
4. sense_key=open%2:42:00:: | definition=have an opening or passage or outlet | examples=The bedrooms open into the hall
5. sense_key=open%2:40:04:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, give | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
6. sense_key=open%2:30:00:: | definition=make available | synonyms=open up | examples=This opens up new possibilities
7. sense_key=open%2:35:06:: | definition=become open | synonyms=open up | examples=The door opened
8. sense_key=open%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to open or to become open | synonyms=open up | examples=Mary opened the car door
9. sense_key=open%2:41:00:: | definition=start to operate or function or cause to start operating or functioning | synonyms=open up | examples=open a business
10. sense_key=open%2:41:01:: | definition=begin or set in action, of meetings, speeches, recitals, etc. | examples=He opened the meeting with a long speech
11. sense_key=open%2:39:10:: | definition=display the contents of a file or start an application as on a computer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `open`
    *   Target surface form: `opened`
    *   Context: "...the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth... has <t>opened</t> a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded."

    *   Sense 1: `become available` (intransitive, e.g., "an opportunity opened up")
    *   Sense 2: `spread out or open from a closed or folded state` (e.g., "open the map")
    *   Sense 3: `make the opening move` (e.g., "Kasparov opened with a standard opening")
    *   Sense 4: `have an opening or passage or outlet` (e.g., "The bedrooms open into the hall")
    *   Sense 5: `afford access to` (e.g., "the door opens to the patio")
    *   Sense 6: `make available` (transitive, e.g., "This opens up new possibilities")
    *   Sense 7: `become open` (e.g., "The door opened")
    *   Sense 8: `cause to open or to become open` (e.g., "Mary opened the car door")
    *   Sense 9: `start to operate or function or cause to start operating or functioning` (e.g., "open a business")
    *   Sense 10: `begin or set in action, of meetings, speeches, recitals, etc.` (e.g., "He opened the meeting")
    *   Sense 11: `display the contents of a file or start an application as on a computer`

    *   The sentence says the discovery "has opened a field of cancer study".
    *   This means the discovery made a new area of research possible or available for exploration.
    *   Comparing this to the senses:
        *   Sense 1 is intransitive ("become available"). The sentence uses "opened" transitively ("opened a field").
        *   Sense 6 is transitive ("make available") and gives the example "This opens up new possibilities". "Opening a field of study" is very similar to "opening up new possibilities".

    *   Sense 6: `make available` (synonym: `open up`, example: `This opens up new possibilities`).
    *   The discovery "opened a field of cancer study" = the discovery "made available" a field of cancer study (or "opened up" a field of cancer study).

    *   Sense 1: Intransitive. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Physical unfolding. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Game move. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Physical passage. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Physical access. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Make available/open up possibilities. (Correct)
    *   Sense 7: Become open. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: Physical opening. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 9: Business operation. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 10: Event start. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 11: Computer file. (Incorrect)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of <t>cancer</t> study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer
2. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
5. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: The text discusses a genetic condition (retinoblastoma), tumors, genetic probes, the National Cancer Institute, and the study of malignant growths.
    *   Specific sentence: "...has opened a field of <t>cancer</t> study, which in recent months has exploded."

    *   Sense 1: `cancer%1:05:00::` - type genus of the family Cancridae (biological genus of crabs).
    *   Sense 2: `cancer%1:15:00::` - the fourth sign of the zodiac.
    *   Sense 3: `cancer%1:17:00::` - a small zodiacal constellation.
    *   Sense 4: `cancer%1:26:00::` - any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.
    *   Sense 5: `cancer%1:18:00::` - (astrology) a person born while the sun is in Cancer.

    *   The context mentions "rare tumor", "retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene", "malignant growth", and "National Cancer Institute".
    *   The phrase "field of cancer study" clearly refers to the medical study of malignant tumors.
    *   This matches Sense 4 perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: recent
Target surface form: recent
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in <t>recent</t> months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=new | examples=recent graduates; a recent addition to the house
2. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=of the immediate past or just previous to the present time | synonyms=late | examples=a late development; their late quarrel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `recent`
    *   Target surface form: `recent`
    *   Context: "...has opened a field of cancer study, which in <t>recent</t> months has exploded."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `new` (e.g., recent graduates, recent addition)
        2.  `of the immediate past or just previous to the present time` (e.g., a late development, their late quarrel)

    *   The phrase is "in recent months".
    *   "Recent months" refers to the months that have just passed leading up to the present time.
    *   Sense 1 (`new`) usually describes something that has just been created or has just entered a state (like a "recent graduate").
    *   Sense 2 (`of the immediate past or just previous to the present time`) describes a period of time that occurred shortly before now.

    *   "Recent months" fits perfectly with "of the immediate past or just previous to the present time".
    *   It does not mean "new months" in the sense of newly created months.

    *   Sense 1: new
    *   Sense 2: of the immediate past or just previous to the present time.
    *   The context "in recent months" clearly aligns with Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent <t>months</t> has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `month`
    *   Target surface form: `months`
    *   Context: "...the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth... has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent <t>months</t> has exploded."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `month%1:28:01::`: one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year (calendar month).
        2.  `month%1:28:00::`: a time unit of approximately 30 days.

    *   The phrase is "in recent months".
    *   "Recent months" typically refers to a period of time spanning several months, not necessarily specific calendar months (like January, February), but rather a duration of time measured in units of months.
    *   Sense 1 refers to the specific divisions of the calendar (January, February, etc.).
    *   Sense 2 refers to the unit of time (approximately 30 days).

    *   When someone says "in recent months," they are usually referring to a duration of time (e.g., the last 3-6 months), which aligns better with the "time unit" definition (Sense 2) than the "calendar division" definition (Sense 1).
    *   Example for Sense 1: "he paid the bill last month" (refers to the previous calendar month).
    *   Example for Sense 2: "he was given a month to pay the bill" (refers to a duration of 30 days).
    *   "In recent months" describes a period of time during which the field of cancer study exploded. This is a duration.

    *   Sense 1: Calendar month (specific division).
    *   Sense 2: Time unit (duration).
    *   "Recent months" = a duration of several months.

    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate. Often "last month" (Sense 1) and "recent months" are treated similarly in some corpora, but strictly speaking, "recent months" refers to a span of time.
    *   If I say "the last three months," am I referring to three calendar divisions or a duration of ~90 days? Usually, it's a duration.
    *   Let's look at the examples again.
        *   Sense 1: "he paid the bill last month" (Calendar month).
        *   Sense 2: "he was given a month to pay the bill" (Time unit).
    *   "In recent months" is more like "for a period of several months." This fits Sense 2 better.

    *   Sense 1: `month%1:28:01::` (calendar month)
    *   Sense 2: `month%1:28:00::` (time unit)
    *   Context: "in recent months"
    *   Comparison: "Recent months" refers to a period of time, not specific calendar divisions.

    *   Actually, looking at WordNet's typical usage:
        *   `month.n.01` (month%1:28:00): a time unit of approximately 30 days.
        *   `month.n.02` (month%1:28:01): one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year.
    *   "Recent months" refers to a duration of time.

    *   Sense 1: Calendar month.
    *   Sense 2: Time unit.
    *   "Recent months" -> Duration -> Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: explode
Target surface form: exploded
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has <t>exploded</t>. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=explode%2:32:02:: | definition=cause to burst as a result of air pressure; of stop consonants like /p/, /t/, and /k/
2. sense_key=explode%2:35:00:: | definition=destroy by exploding | examples=The enemy exploded the bridge
3. sense_key=explode%2:30:00:: | definition=burst outward, usually with noise | synonyms=burst | examples=The champagne bottle exploded
4. sense_key=explode%2:32:00:: | definition=drive from the stage by noisy disapproval
5. sense_key=explode%2:30:02:: | definition=increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner | synonyms=irrupt | examples=The population of India is exploding; The island's rodent population irrupted
6. sense_key=explode%2:31:01:: | definition=show (a theory or claim) to be baseless, or refute and make obsolete
7. sense_key=explode%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to burst with a violent release of energy | synonyms=detonate, blow up, set off | examples=We exploded the nuclear bomb
8. sense_key=explode%2:31:00:: | definition=show a violent emotional reaction | examples=The boss exploded when he heard of the resignation of the secretary
9. sense_key=explode%2:30:03:: | definition=be unleashed; emerge with violence or noise | synonyms=burst forth, break loose | examples=His anger exploded
10. sense_key=explode%2:30:04:: | definition=burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction | synonyms=detonate, blow up | examples=the bomb detonated at noon; The Molotov cocktail exploded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `explode`
    *   Target surface form: `exploded`
    *   Context: "...the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth... has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has <t>exploded</t>."

    *   Sense 1: cause to burst as a result of air pressure (phonetics/physical).
    *   Sense 2: destroy by exploding (e.g., a bridge).
    *   Sense 3: burst outward, usually with noise (e.g., champagne bottle).
    *   Sense 4: drive from the stage by noisy disapproval.
    *   Sense 5: increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner (e.g., population).
    *   Sense 6: show a theory/claim to be baseless (refute).
    *   Sense 7: cause to burst with a violent release of energy (detonate).
    *   Sense 8: show a violent emotional reaction.
    *   Sense 9: be unleashed; emerge with violence or noise (e.g., anger).
    *   Sense 10: burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction (e.g., bomb).

    *   The context refers to a "field of cancer study" that has "exploded."
    *   A field of study cannot physically burst, detonate, or be refuted (in this context, it's about growth/expansion).
    *   "Exploded" here means the field has grown very rapidly in size, scope, or number of researchers/papers.
    *   This matches Sense 5: "increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner."

    *   Sense 5: "increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner | synonyms=irrupt | examples=The population of India is exploding".
    *   This fits perfectly with a field of study growing rapidly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: turn_out
Target surface form: turns out
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It <t>turns out</t> that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=turn_out%2:30:00:: | definition=come, usually in answer to an invitation or summons | examples=How many people turned out that evening?
2. sense_key=turn_out%2:40:03:: | definition=outfit or equip, as with accessories | examples=The actors were turned out lavishly
3. sense_key=turn_out%2:42:02:: | definition=result or end | synonyms=come out | examples=How will the game turn out?
4. sense_key=turn_out%2:36:00:: | definition=bring forth, | synonyms=bear | examples=The apple tree bore delicious apples this year; The unidentified plant bore gorgeous flowers
5. sense_key=turn_out%2:41:03:: | definition=come and gather for a public event | examples=Hundreds of thousands turned out for the anti-war rally in New York
6. sense_key=turn_out%2:35:00:: | definition=put out or expel from a place | synonyms=eject, chuck out, exclude, turf out, boot out | examples=The unruly student was excluded from the game
7. sense_key=turn_out%2:35:01:: | definition=cause to stop operating by disengaging a switch | synonyms=switch off, cut, turn off | examples=Turn off the stereo, please; cut the engine
8. sense_key=turn_out%2:42:00:: | definition=be shown or be found to be | synonyms=prove, turn up | examples=She proved to be right; The medicine turned out to save her life
9. sense_key=turn_out%2:38:00:: | definition=turn outward | synonyms=splay, spread out, rotate | examples=These birds can splay out their toes; ballet dancers can rotate their legs out by 90 degrees
10. sense_key=turn_out%2:36:01:: | definition=produce quickly or regularly, usually with machinery | examples=This factory turns out saws
11. sense_key=turn_out%2:42:01:: | definition=prove to be in the result or end | examples=It turns out that he was right
12. sense_key=turn_out%2:29:00:: | definition=get up and out of bed | synonyms=get up, arise, uprise, rise | examples=I get up at 7 A.M. every day; They rose early

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `turn_out`
    *   Target surface form: `turns out`
    *   Context: "It <t>turns out</t> that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer," says Samuel Broder...
    *   Meaning: In this context, "It turns out that..." is used to introduce a fact that was discovered or became apparent over time.

    *   1: come, usually in answer to an invitation (e.g., "How many people turned out?") - *Incorrect*
    *   2: outfit or equip (e.g., "actors were turned out lavishly") - *Incorrect*
    *   3: result or end (e.g., "How will the game turn out?") - *Close, but usually refers to the outcome of a process.*
    *   4: bring forth (e.g., "apple tree bore delicious apples") - *Incorrect*
    *   5: come and gather for a public event (e.g., "Hundreds of thousands turned out") - *Incorrect*
    *   6: put out or expel (e.g., "student was excluded") - *Incorrect*
    *   7: cause to stop operating (e.g., "Turn off the stereo") - *Incorrect*
    *   8: be shown or be found to be (e.g., "She proved to be right") - *Very close.*
    *   9: turn outward (e.g., "splay out their toes") - *Incorrect*
    *   10: produce quickly or regularly (e.g., "factory turns out saws") - *Incorrect*
    *   11: prove to be in the result or end (e.g., "It turns out that he was right") - *Perfect match for the "It turns out that..." construction.*
    *   12: get up and out of bed (e.g., "I get up at 7 A.M.") - *Incorrect*

    *   Sense 8: "be shown or be found to be" (e.g., "She proved to be right").
    *   Sense 11: "prove to be in the result or end" (e.g., "It turns out that he was right").
    *   The context is "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights...". This matches the exact syntactic pattern and meaning of Sense 11.

    *   Sense 11 is the most precise fit for the "It turns out that [clause]" construction.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studying
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that <t>studying</t> a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%2:31:02:: | definition=consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning | synonyms=analyze, analyse, examine, canvass, canvas | examples=analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial
2. sense_key=study%2:31:04:: | definition=think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes | synonyms=meditate, contemplate | examples=He is meditating in his study
3. sense_key=study%2:31:01:: | definition=learn by reading books | synonyms=hit the books | examples=He is studying geology in his room; I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now
4. sense_key=study%2:39:00:: | definition=give careful consideration to | synonyms=consider | examples=consider the possibility of moving
5. sense_key=study%2:31:03:: | definition=be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning
6. sense_key=study%2:31:00:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, read, take | examples=She is reading for the bar exam

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `study`
    *   Target surface form: `studying`
    *   Context: "It turns out that <t>studying</t> a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer," says Samuel Broder...
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `study%2:31:02::`: consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning (synonyms: analyze, examine).
        2.  `study%2:31:04::`: think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes (synonyms: meditate, contemplate).
        3.  `study%2:31:01::`: learn by reading books (synonyms: hit the books).
        4.  `study%2:39:00::`: give careful consideration to (synonyms: consider).
        5.  `study%2:31:03::`: be a student; follow a course of study.
        6.  `study%2:31:00::`: be a student of a certain subject.

    *   The sentence is: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer..."
    *   The "studying" here refers to scientific research/analysis of a tumor to gain insights into cancer.
    *   It's not about being a student (senses 5, 6), reading books (sense 3), spiritual meditation (sense 2), or simply considering a possibility (sense 4).
    *   It fits the definition of "consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning" (sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: "consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning" (analyze, examine). This perfectly matches scientific research on a tumor.
    *   Sense 4: "give careful consideration to" (consider). This is too general.
    *   Sense 3: "learn by reading books". This is about academic learning, not scientific research/analysis of a biological specimen.

    *   The context is scientific research. "Studying a tumor" means analyzing it to understand how it works. This aligns with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tragic
Target surface form: tragic
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a <t>tragic</t> but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tragic%5:00:00:sad:00 | definition=very sad; especially involving grief or death or destruction | synonyms=tragical | examples=a tragic face; a tragic plight
2. sense_key=tragic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or characteristic of tragedy | examples=tragic hero

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `tragic`
    *   Target surface form: `tragic`
    *   Context: "...studying a <t>tragic</t> but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `tragic%5:00:00:sad:00`: very sad; especially involving grief or death or destruction.
        2.  `tragic%3:01:00::`: of or relating to or characteristic of tragedy (literary/drama sense).

    *   The word "tragic" describes a "tumor" (retinoblastoma).
    *   A tumor is a medical condition that causes suffering, grief, and potentially death.
    *   It is not referring to a literary tragedy or a "tragic hero."

    *   Sense 1: "very sad; especially involving grief or death or destruction." This fits perfectly. A tumor that causes blindness or death is tragic in this sense.
    *   Sense 2: "of or relating to or characteristic of tragedy." This refers to the genre of tragedy (like Sophocles or Shakespeare). This does not fit.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: uncommon
Target surface form: uncommon
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but <t>uncommon</t> tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=uncommon%5:00:00:extraordinary:00 | definition=marked by an uncommon quality; especially superlative or extreme of its kind; -J.R.Lowell | synonyms=rare | examples=what is so rare as a day in June; a rare skill
2. sense_key=uncommon%3:00:00:: | definition=not common or ordinarily encountered; unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind | examples=uncommon birds; frost and floods are uncommon during these months

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `uncommon`
    *   Target surface form: `uncommon`
    *   Context: "...studying a tragic but <t>uncommon</t> tumor made possible some fundamental insights..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `uncommon%5:00:00:extraordinary:00`: marked by an uncommon quality; especially superlative or extreme of its kind; synonyms=rare; examples=what is so rare as a day in June; a rare skill. (Focuses on quality, excellence, or extraordinariness).
        2.  `uncommon%3:00:00::`: not common or ordinarily encountered; unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind; examples=uncommon birds; frost and floods are uncommon during these months. (Focuses on frequency or rarity of occurrence).

    *   The sentence is: "It turns out that studying a tragic but <t>uncommon</t> tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer..."
    *   The context mentions "the rare cancer" earlier in the text ("...faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer").
    *   The word "uncommon" here describes the tumor (retinoblastoma).
    *   Is the tumor "extraordinary" in quality/skill (Sense 1) or "not common/ordinarily encountered" (Sense 2)?
    *   It is clearly referring to the rarity of the disease (frequency of occurrence).

    *   Sense 1: Extraordinary, superlative, extreme quality. (e.g., "a rare skill").
    *   Sense 2: Not common, not ordinarily encountered. (e.g., "uncommon birds").

    *   The tumor is rare (not common), not "extraordinary" in the sense of being superlative or high-quality.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor <t>made</t> possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
2. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
3. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
4. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
5. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
6. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
7. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
8. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
9. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
10. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
11. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
12. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
13. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
14. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
15. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
16. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
17. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
18. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
19. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
22. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
23. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
24. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
25. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
26. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
27. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
28. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
29. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
30. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
31. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
32. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug
33. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
34. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
35. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
36. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
37. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
38. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
39. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
40. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
43. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
44. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
45. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
46. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
47. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
48. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
49. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 36}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 36}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `make`
    *   Target surface form: `made`
    *   Context: "...studying a tragic but uncommon tumor <t>made</t> possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer..."

    *   The sentence is: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer..."
    *   Here, "made possible" means that studying the tumor *caused* the insights to be possible. It enabled or brought about the possibility of these insights.

    *   1: calculate as being (No)
    *   2: behave in a certain way (No)
    *   3: cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable (No - "made our New Year" earlier in the text fits this, but the target is the second "made")
    *   4: compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way (No)
    *   5: reach a goal (No)
    *   6: induce to have sex (No)
    *   7: create or design (No)
    *   8: be or be capable of being changed or made into (No)
    *   9: make, formulate, or derive in the mind (No)
    *   10: achieve a point or goal (No)
    *   11: institute, enact, or establish (No)
    *   12: appear to begin an activity (No)
    *   13: cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner (No)
    *   14: reach a destination (No)
    *   15: make by combining materials and parts (No)
    *   16: have a bowel movement (No)
    *   17: be suitable for (No)
    *   18: make by shaping or bringing together constituents (No)
    *   19: carry out or commit (No)
    *   20: charge with a function (No)
    *   21: add up to (No)
    *   22: put in order or neaten (No)
    *   23: head into a specified direction (No)
    *   24: favor the development of (No)
    *   25: change from one form into another (No)
    *   26: give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally (Synonyms: cause, do) (Possible)
    *   27: reach in time (No)
    *   28: form by assembling individuals or constituents (No)
    *   29: undergo fabrication or creation (No)
    *   30: organize or be responsible for (No)
    *   31: create by artistic means (No)
    *   32: eliminate urine (No)
    *   33: to compose or represent (No)
    *   34: prepare for eating (No)
    *   35: constitute the essence of (No)
    *   36: give certain properties to something (Synonyms: get) (Example: "get someone mad; She made us look silly") (Possible)
    *   37: gather and light materials for (No)
    *   38: engage in (No)
    *   39: act in a certain way so as to acquire (No)
    *   40: proceed along a path (No)
    *   41: assure the success of (No)
    *   42: create or manufacture a man-made product (No)
    *   43: amount to (No)
    *   44: consider as being (No)
    *   45: earn on some commercial or business transaction (No)
    *   46: perform or carry out (No)
    *   47: make or cause to be or to become (Synonyms: create) (Example: "make a mess in one's office; create a furor") (Possible)
    *   48: represent fictitiously (No)
    *   49: develop into (No)

    *   Sense 26: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur"
    *   Sense 36: "give certain properties to something" (Example: "made us look silly")
    *   Sense 47: "make or cause to be or to become" (Example: "make a mess")

    Let's re-examine "made possible".
    "Studying the tumor made possible some fundamental insights."
    This means studying the tumor *caused* the insights to *be* possible.
    It's essentially "caused [the insights] to be possible".

    Looking at Sense 47: "make or cause to be or to become".
    If we plug it in: "studying the tumor [caused to be] possible some fundamental insights". This fits the structure "make [something] [adjective]".

    Looking at Sense 26: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur".
    "studying the tumor [gave rise to] possible some fundamental insights" - doesn't fit grammatically.

    Looking at Sense 36: "give certain properties to something".
    "studying the tumor [gave the property of being possible] to some fundamental insights". This is close, but Sense 47 is more direct ("cause to be").

    Wait, let's look at Sense 47 again: "make or cause to be or to become".
    Example: "make a mess in one's office; create a furor".
    Wait, "make a mess" is more like "create".

    Let's look at Sense 36 again: "give certain properties to something".
    Example: "get someone mad; She made us look silly".
    "Made us look silly" -> "made [someone] [adjective/property]".
    "Made [insights] [possible]" -> "made [something] [adjective/property]".

    Let's compare Sense 36 and Sense 47 again.
    Sense 36: "give certain properties to something" (Example: "made us look silly")
    Sense 47: "make or cause to be or to become" (Example: "make a mess")

    Actually, "made possible" is a very common construction.
    "X made Y possible."
    X caused Y to be possible.

    Is there another sense?
    Sense 13: "cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner" (No, "possible" is not an action).
    Sense 4: "compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way" (No).

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 36: "give certain properties to something".
    If "possible" is the property being given to "insights", this fits.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 47: "make or cause to be or to become".
    If "possible" is the state the insights were caused to be in, this also fits.

    Let's look at the examples for 47 again: "make a mess in one's office; create a furor". These are "make [noun]".
    Let's look at the examples for 36 again: "get someone mad; She made us look silly". These are "make [object] [adjective/complement]".

    "Made possible some fundamental insights" is a slightly inverted version of "made some fundamental insights possible".
    This matches the pattern "make [object] [adjective]".

    Therefore, Sense 36 ("give certain properties to something") is a better fit than Sense 47 ("make or cause to be or to become" - which in the examples is used as "create [noun]").

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 47's definition: "make or cause to be or to become".
    If I "make someone happy", I "cause them to be happy".
    If I "make something possible", I "cause it to be possible".

    Let's look at Sense 36 again: "give certain properties to something".
    "Make someone mad" (mad is a property/state).
    "Make us look silly" (silly is a property/state).

    Both 36 and 47 are very similar. Let's see if there's a nuance.
    Sense 36: "give certain properties to something"
    Sense 47: "make or cause to be or to become"

    Actually, looking at the examples:
    36: "get someone mad", "made us look silly"
    47: "make a mess", "create a furor"

    Sense 47's examples are about *creating* something (a mess, a furor).
    Sense 36's examples are about *changing the state* of something (mad, silly).
    "Possible" is a state.

    Wait, let me look at the senses again. Is there any other?
    Sense 13: "cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner"
    Sense 4: "compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way"

    Let's re-read Sense 36: "give certain properties to something".
    Let's re-read Sense 47: "make or cause to be or to become".

    Actually, "make possible" is often categorized as "cause to be".
    Let's look at the examples for 36 again: "get someone mad", "made us look silly".
    "Mad" and "silly" are adjectives. "Possible" is an adjective.

    Let's look at the examples for 47 again: "make a mess", "create a furor".
    "Mess" and "furor" are nouns.

    So, Sense 36 fits the "make [object] [adjective]" pattern.

    Wait, let me check if there's any other sense that fits "cause to be possible".
    Sense 26: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur"
    "Studying the tumor gave rise to some fundamental insights" (This would work if "possible" wasn't there).
    But the phrase is "made possible some fundamental insights".

    If the sentence was "Studying the tumor made some fundamental insights possible", it's clearly "make [object] [adjective]".

    Let's double-check Sense 36 one more time.
    Sense 36: "give certain properties to something"
    Example: "get someone mad; She made us look silly"
    This seems to be the best fit for "made [insights] possible".

    Wait, let me look at Sense 47 again. "make or cause to be or to become".
    If the definition is "cause to be", then "made possible" (caused to be possible) fits perfectly.
    But the examples "make a mess" and "create a furor" are "make [noun]".

    Let's compare:
    Sense 36: "give certain properties to something" (Examples: mad, silly)
    Sense 47: "make or cause to be or to become" (Examples: mess, furor)

    In many WordNet-style datasets, "make [object] [adjective]" is mapped to the "cause to be" or "give property" sense.

    Let's look at the options again.
    Is there any other?
    Sense 13: "cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner"
    Sense 4: "compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way"

    No, those are for actions.

    Let's think about "made possible" again.
    "Studying the tumor made possible some fundamental insights."
    This is a common way to say "Studying the tumor enabled some fundamental insights."

    If I have to choose between 36 and 47:
    36: "give certain properties to something" (mad, silly)
    47: "make or cause to be or to become" (mess, furor)

    "Possible" is more of a property/state than a created object.
    "Mad" and "silly" are states.
    "Possible" is a state.

    Let's check if there are any other senses.
    Sense 26: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur"
    If "made possible" is treated as a single unit meaning "caused to happen", then 26 might fit.
    But "made possible" literally means "caused to be possible".

    Let's re-examine Sense 36: "give certain properties to something".
    If you make something possible, you are giving it the property of being possible.

    Let's re-examine Sense 47: "make or cause to be or to become".
    If you make something possible, you are causing it to be possible.

    This is tough. Let's look at the examples again.
    36: "get someone mad", "made us look silly"
    47: "make a mess", "create a furor"

    The examples for 36 are definitely "make [object] [adjective]".
    The examples for 47 are "make [noun]".

    Therefore, 36 is the more likely candidate for "make [object] [adjective]".

    Wait, let me look at the context one more time.
    "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer"
    The structure is "made [adjective] [object]". This is just a variation of "made [object] [adjective]" (object-complement inversion), used here because the object ("some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer") is long.

    So the core structure is "make [object] [adjective]".
    Sense 36: "give certain properties to something" (Examples: mad, silly)
    This matches the "make [object] [adjective]" pattern.

    Let's double-check other senses just in case.
    Sense 13: "cause to do" (No)
    Sense 4: "compel to act" (No)
    Sense 26: "cause to happen" (No, that would be "made some fundamental insights happen")

    Final check on Sense 36: "give certain properties to something".
    "Possible" is a property.
    "Mad" is a property.
    "Silly" is a property.
    It fits.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: possible
Target surface form: possible
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made <t>possible</t> some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=possible%3:00:00:: | definition=capable of happening or existing | examples=a breakthrough may be possible next year; anything is possible
2. sense_key=possible%3:00:04:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=potential | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `possible`
    *   Target surface form: `possible`
    *   Context: "...studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made <t>possible</t> some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `possible%3:00:00::` (capable of happening or existing)
        2.  `possible%3:00:04::` (existing in possibility; potential)

    *   The sentence is: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer..."
    *   Here, "made possible" means that the action (studying the tumor) enabled the insights to happen or exist.
    *   The insights were not "potential" insights (which would be sense 2); rather, the act of studying the tumor *allowed* them to occur/be discovered.

    *   Sense 1: "capable of happening or existing" (e.g., "a breakthrough may be possible"). This fits the idea of enabling something to happen.
    *   Sense 2: "existing in possibility" / "potential" (e.g., "possible uses of nuclear power"). This describes a quality of the noun (potential insights), whereas the context "made possible" describes the *feasibility* or *enablement* of the insights.

    *   "Made possible" is a common idiom meaning "enabled" or "allowed to happen."
    *   If we substitute Sense 1: "...made [capable of happening/existing] some fundamental insights..." (Fits well).
    *   If we substitute Sense 2: "...made [potential] some fundamental insights..." (Does not fit the grammatical structure "made [adj] [noun]" in the sense of enabling).

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: insight
Target surface form: insights
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental <t>insights</t> about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=insight%1:09:00:: | definition=grasping the inner nature of things intuitively | synonyms=sixth sense
2. sense_key=insight%1:09:02:: | definition=clear or deep perception of a situation | synonyms=penetration
3. sense_key=insight%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of understanding | synonyms=perceptiveness, perceptivity
4. sense_key=insight%1:09:01:: | definition=the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation | synonyms=brainstorm, brainwave

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `insight`
    *   Target surface form: `insights`
    *   Context: "...studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental <t>insights</t> about the most basic workings of cancer..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `insight%1:09:00::`: grasping the inner nature of things intuitively (synonym: sixth sense)
        2.  `insight%1:09:02::`: clear or deep perception of a situation (synonym: penetration)
        3.  `insight%1:12:00::`: a feeling of understanding (synonyms: perceptiveness, perceptivity)
        4.  `insight%1:09:01::`: the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation (synonyms: brainstorm, brainwave)

    *   The sentence says "studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer".
    *   Here, "insights" refers to the knowledge or understanding gained through scientific research. It's about gaining a deep understanding of how cancer works.

    *   Sense 1: "grasping the inner nature of things intuitively" (sixth sense). This is too mystical/intuitive for scientific research.
    *   Sense 2: "clear or deep perception of a situation" (penetration). This fits well. A "deep perception" or understanding of the "workings of cancer".
    *   Sense 3: "a feeling of understanding" (perceptiveness). This describes a trait or a feeling, not the knowledge gained.
    *   Sense 4: "the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation" (brainstorm, brainwave). This describes an "aha!" moment, whereas the context refers to fundamental knowledge gained from study.

    *   Sense 2 ("clear or deep perception of a situation") is the closest fit for scientific "insights" (deep understandings/discoveries). While "situation" in the gloss might seem narrow, in WordNet, this sense often covers the general concept of deep understanding of a subject.

    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate Sense 2 vs Sense 4.
    *   Sense 4 is more about the *act* of sudden understanding (brainwave).
    *   Sense 2 is more about the *state* or *result* of deep perception/understanding.
    *   In "fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer", the "insights" are the results of the study—the deep understandings achieved.

    *   Let's look at the synonyms again:
        *   Sense 1: sixth sense (No)
        *   Sense 2: penetration (Yes, in the sense of intellectual penetration/depth)
        *   Sense 3: perceptiveness (No, that's a quality of a person)
        *   Sense 4: brainstorm, brainwave (No, that's a sudden idea)

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.