[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: individual
Target surface form: individual
Context:
In the end, the defense says, there were more than 140,000 Twitter messages about the trial that dealt with rape and children tied to their beds in a house that was set ablaze. On Thursday, the widely followed trial of Steven J. Hayes, who was convicted of killing three members of a Cheshire, Conn., family, is set to come to an official end with the judge's imposition of the death sentence voted for by the jury. But lawyers for Mr. Hayes have already made court filings that sketch out appeals arguments that are likely to occupy the courts for years. One of the most provocative is that the intense reporting on the trial - including mainstream reporters' extensive use of Twitter - created a "circus atmosphere" and such widespread, instant saturation with inflammatory details that the jury was improperly swayed by public passions. The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an <t>individual</t>'s fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=individual%1:18:00:: | definition=a single organism
2. sense_key=individual%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul | examples=there was too much for one person to do

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `individual`
    *   Target surface form: `individual`
    *   Context: "...I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an <t>individual</t>'s fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann...
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `individual%1:18:00::` | definition: a single organism
        2.  `individual%1:03:00::` | definition: a human being | synonyms: person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul | examples: there was too much for one person to do

    *   The word "individual" refers to a person (specifically, a defendant in a trial) who has "fair-trial rights."
    *   "Fair-trial rights" are legal rights held by human beings.

    *   Sense 1: "a single organism" (too broad, usually used in biological contexts).
    *   Sense 2: "a human being" (fits perfectly; synonyms like "person" fit the context: "a person's fair-trial rights").

    *   The context clearly refers to a human being in a legal setting. Sense 2 is the correct choice.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: rights
Context:
In the end, the defense says, there were more than 140,000 Twitter messages about the trial that dealt with rape and children tied to their beds in a house that was set ablaze. On Thursday, the widely followed trial of Steven J. Hayes, who was convicted of killing three members of a Cheshire, Conn., family, is set to come to an official end with the judge's imposition of the death sentence voted for by the jury. But lawyers for Mr. Hayes have already made court filings that sketch out appeals arguments that are likely to occupy the courts for years. One of the most provocative is that the intense reporting on the trial - including mainstream reporters' extensive use of Twitter - created a "circus atmosphere" and such widespread, instant saturation with inflammatory details that the jury was improperly swayed by public passions. The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial <t>rights</t>," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%1:14:00:: | definition=those who support political or social or economic conservatism; those who believe that things are better left unchanged | synonyms=right wing
2. sense_key=right%1:07:00:: | definition=an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature; ; - Eleanor Roosevelt | examples=they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights; Certain rights can never be granted to the government but must be kept in the hands of the people
3. sense_key=right%1:08:00:: | definition=the hand that is on the right side of the body | synonyms=right hand | examples=he writes with his right hand but pitches with his left; hit him with quick rights to the body
4. sense_key=right%1:07:01:: | definition=anything in accord with principles of justice | synonyms=rightfulness | examples=he feels he is in the right; the rightfulness of his claim
5. sense_key=right%1:04:00:: | definition=a turn toward the side of the body that is on the south when the person is facing east | examples=take a right at the corner
6. sense_key=right%1:06:00:: | definition=the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's right | synonyms=right field
7. sense_key=right%1:21:00:: | definition=(frequently plural) the interest possessed by law or custom in some intangible thing | examples=mineral rights; film rights
8. sense_key=right%1:15:00:: | definition=location near or direction toward the right side; i.e. the side to the south when a person or object faces east | examples=he stood on the right

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `right`
    *   Target surface form: `rights`
    *   Context: "...affecting an individual's fair-trial <t>rights</t>," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Political/social conservatism (right wing).
        2.  Abstract idea of what is due to a person/body by law, tradition, or nature (e.g., unalienable Rights).
        3.  The hand on the right side of the body.
        4.  Anything in accord with principles of justice (rightfulness).
        5.  A turn toward the right side.
        6.  Right field in baseball.
        7.  Interest possessed by law or custom in some intangible thing (e.g., mineral rights, film rights).
        8.  Location near or direction toward the right side.

    *   The phrase is "fair-trial rights".
    *   This refers to the legal entitlements or protections a person has during a trial to ensure justice.
    *   This fits the definition of "an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature" (Sense 2).
    *   Sense 7 ("interest possessed by law or custom in some intangible thing") usually refers to property-like rights (mineral rights, copyright/film rights), whereas "fair-trial rights" are civil/human rights.

    *   Sense 2: "an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature" (Examples: unalienable Rights). This perfectly matches "fair-trial rights".
    *   Sense 7: "the interest possessed by law or custom in some intangible thing" (Examples: mineral rights; film rights). This is more about ownership/exploitation rights.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: claim
Target surface form: claims
Context:
On Thursday, the widely followed trial of Steven J. Hayes, who was convicted of killing three members of a Cheshire, Conn., family, is set to come to an official end with the judge's imposition of the death sentence voted for by the jury. But lawyers for Mr. Hayes have already made court filings that sketch out appeals arguments that are likely to occupy the courts for years. One of the most provocative is that the intense reporting on the trial - including mainstream reporters' extensive use of Twitter - created a "circus atmosphere" and such widespread, instant saturation with inflammatory details that the jury was improperly swayed by public passions. The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the <t>claims</t> in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=claim%1:10:00:: | definition=an assertion of a right (as to money or property) | examples=his claim asked for damages
2. sense_key=claim%1:04:00:: | definition=demand for something as rightful or due | examples=they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day
3. sense_key=claim%1:10:01:: | definition=a demand especially in the phrase | synonyms=call | examples=the call of duty
4. sense_key=claim%1:07:01:: | definition=an established or recognized right | synonyms=title | examples=a strong legal claim to the property; he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate
5. sense_key=claim%1:07:02:: | definition=an informal right to something | synonyms=title | examples=his claim on her attentions; his title to fame
6. sense_key=claim%1:10:02:: | definition=an assertion that something is true or factual | examples=his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `claim`
    *   Target surface form: `claims`
    *   Context: The text discusses a legal trial. Lawyers for the defendant (Steven J. Hayes) made court filings arguing that intense reporting created a "circus atmosphere" that improperly swayed the jury. The text says, "The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question..." and then, "The trial judge... tersely rejected the <t>claims</t> in a ruling last week..."

    *   Sense 1: `claim%1:10:00::` - an assertion of a right (as to money or property). (Example: damages)
    *   Sense 2: `claim%1:04:00::` - demand for something as rightful or due. (Example: shorter work day)
    *   Sense 3: `claim%1:10:01::` - a demand especially in the phrase (call of duty).
    *   Sense 4: `claim%1:07:01::` - an established or recognized right (title). (Example: legal claim to property)
    *   Sense 5: `claim%1:07:02::` - an informal right to something (title). (Example: claim on her attentions)
    *   Sense 6: `claim%1:10:02::` - an assertion that something is true or factual. (Example: claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims)

    *   The "claims" in the text refer to the lawyers' arguments that the trial was unfair due to media saturation.
    *   This is an assertion that something (the "circus atmosphere" affecting the jury) is true or factual.
    *   It is not a claim for money, property, or a specific right (like a shorter work day).
    *   It matches Sense 6: "an assertion that something is true or factual."

    *   Sense 6: "an assertion that something is true or factual" -> "his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims".
    *   Context: "The trial judge... tersely rejected the claims... saying that the news media were 'carefully controlled' and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion."
    *   This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
On Thursday, the widely followed trial of Steven J. Hayes, who was convicted of killing three members of a Cheshire, Conn., family, is set to come to an official end with the judge's imposition of the death sentence voted for by the jury. But lawyers for Mr. Hayes have already made court filings that sketch out appeals arguments that are likely to occupy the courts for years. One of the most provocative is that the intense reporting on the trial - including mainstream reporters' extensive use of Twitter - created a "circus atmosphere" and such widespread, instant saturation with inflammatory details that the jury was improperly swayed by public passions. The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last <t>week</t>, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "week"
    *   Target surface form: "week"
    *   Context: "...The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last <t>week</t>, saying that the news media were 'carefully controlled'..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `week%1:28:02::`: a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday (calendar week).
        2.  `week%1:28:01::`: hours or days of work in a calendar week (workweek).
        3.  `week%1:28:00::`: any period of seven consecutive days (hebdomad).

    *   The phrase is "last week".
    *   "Last week" typically refers to the previous calendar week (the seven-day period ending on the most recent Saturday/Sunday).
    *   It does not refer to a "workweek" (sense 2).
    *   It refers to a specific, standard unit of time used in calendars to mark the passage of time relative to the current date.

    *   Sense 1: "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday" (calendar week).
    *   Sense 3: "any period of seven consecutive days" (general seven-day period).

    *   In the phrase "last week", "week" almost always refers to the calendar week (the standard unit of time), not just any arbitrary seven-day period.
    *   Example: "I saw him last week" means the previous calendar week.
    *   Example: "It rained for a week" (Sense 3) means a duration of seven days.
    *   "Last week" is a temporal reference to a specific calendar block.

    *   Sense 1 is the "calendar week".
    *   Sense 3 is "any period of seven consecutive days".
    *   "Last week" refers to the previous calendar week.

    *   Sense 1: calendar week.
    *   Sense 2: workweek.
    *   Sense 3: any 7-day period.
    *   "Last week" fits Sense 1 best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evidence
Target surface form: evidence
Context:
On Thursday, the widely followed trial of Steven J. Hayes, who was convicted of killing three members of a Cheshire, Conn., family, is set to come to an official end with the judge's imposition of the death sentence voted for by the jury. But lawyers for Mr. Hayes have already made court filings that sketch out appeals arguments that are likely to occupy the courts for years. One of the most provocative is that the intense reporting on the trial - including mainstream reporters' extensive use of Twitter - created a "circus atmosphere" and such widespread, instant saturation with inflammatory details that the jury was improperly swayed by public passions. The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no <t>evidence</t> the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: | definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: | definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: | definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `evidence`
    *   Target surface form: `evidence`
    *   Context: "...The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were 'carefully controlled' and that there was no <t>evidence</t> the jury was driven by passion."

    *   Sense 1: `evidence%1:09:00::` - basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief (synonym: grounds).
    *   Sense 2: `evidence%1:10:01::` - an indication that makes something evident.
    *   Sense 3: `evidence%1:10:00::` - (law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved.

    *   The context is a legal setting (trial, judge, court filings, jury, fair-trial rights).
    *   The judge is ruling on whether the jury was "driven by passion" based on the reporting.
    *   The judge says there was "no evidence" that the jury was driven by passion.
    *   In a legal context, "evidence" refers to the materials, testimony, or facts presented in court to prove or disprove a claim.

    *   Sense 1 is general "basis for belief."
    *   Sense 2 is a "sign" or "indication."
    *   Sense 3 is specifically the legal definition: "all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved."

    *   The sentence occurs within a legal ruling by a judge in a trial.
    *   The judge is assessing whether a specific claim (jury driven by passion) was supported by the facts/materials presented in the case.
    *   This fits the legal definition (Sense 3) perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer" (General scientific/logical basis).
    *   Sense 2: "his trembling was evidence of his fear" (A sign/symptom).
    *   Sense 3: (Law) means of establishing fact at trial.

    The context is a judge's ruling in a trial. Sense 3 is the legal sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: jury
Target surface form: jury
Context:
On Thursday, the widely followed trial of Steven J. Hayes, who was convicted of killing three members of a Cheshire, Conn., family, is set to come to an official end with the judge's imposition of the death sentence voted for by the jury. But lawyers for Mr. Hayes have already made court filings that sketch out appeals arguments that are likely to occupy the courts for years. One of the most provocative is that the intense reporting on the trial - including mainstream reporters' extensive use of Twitter - created a "circus atmosphere" and such widespread, instant saturation with inflammatory details that the jury was improperly swayed by public passions. The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the <t>jury</t> was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=jury%1:14:01:: | definition=a committee appointed to judge a competition | synonyms=panel
2. sense_key=jury%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `jury`
    *   Target surface form: `jury`
    *   Context: A legal trial involving Steven J. Hayes, a judge, a death sentence, court filings, appeals, and the question of whether the jury was improperly swayed by public passions.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `jury%1:14:01::`: a committee appointed to judge a competition.
        2.  `jury%1:14:00::`: a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law.

    *   The context mentions "trial", "convicted", "killing", "judge's imposition of the death sentence", "voted for by the jury", "court filings", "appeals arguments", "courtroom rules", "fair-trial rights", and "State Superior Court".
    *   All these terms strongly indicate a legal/judicial setting.

    *   Sense 1 refers to a competition (e.g., a talent show or art contest).
    *   Sense 2 refers to a legal body of citizens in a court of law.

    *   The context is clearly about a legal trial. Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: passion
Target surface form: passion
Context:
On Thursday, the widely followed trial of Steven J. Hayes, who was convicted of killing three members of a Cheshire, Conn., family, is set to come to an official end with the judge's imposition of the death sentence voted for by the jury. But lawyers for Mr. Hayes have already made court filings that sketch out appeals arguments that are likely to occupy the courts for years. One of the most provocative is that the intense reporting on the trial - including mainstream reporters' extensive use of Twitter - created a "circus atmosphere" and such widespread, instant saturation with inflammatory details that the jury was improperly swayed by public passions. The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by <t>passion</t>. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=passion%1:26:02:: | definition=the suffering of Jesus at the Crucifixion | synonyms=Passion of Christ
2. sense_key=passion%1:26:01:: | definition=something that is desired intensely | synonyms=rage | examples=his rage for fame destroyed him
3. sense_key=passion%1:12:02:: | definition=a feeling of strong sexual desire
4. sense_key=passion%1:09:00:: | definition=any object of warm affection or devotion | synonyms=love | examples=the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting
5. sense_key=passion%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being intensely emotional | synonyms=heat, warmth
6. sense_key=passion%1:12:00:: | definition=a strong feeling or emotion | synonyms=passionateness
7. sense_key=passion%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action | synonyms=mania, cacoethes

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "passion"
    *   Context: "...there was no evidence the jury was driven by <t>passion</t>."
    *   Broader context: A trial involving a death sentence, claims of a "circus atmosphere," "inflammatory details," and the jury being "improperly swayed by public passions." The judge is rejecting the claim that the jury was driven by "passion."

    *   Sense 1: Suffering of Jesus (Religious) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: Something desired intensely (e.g., rage for fame) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: Strong sexual desire - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: Object of warm affection or devotion (e.g., passion for cock fighting) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5: Trait of being intensely emotional (heat, warmth) - Possible, but usually refers to a personality trait.
    *   Sense 6: A strong feeling or emotion (passionateness) - Very likely. In legal contexts, "crime of passion" or being "driven by passion" refers to strong, often uncontrolled emotions.
    *   Sense 7: An irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action (mania) - Possible, but "strong feeling or emotion" is a more general and fitting description for the jury's state.

    *   The text mentions "public passions" (plural) and the jury being "driven by passion" (singular).
    *   The context is about the jury being swayed by "inflammatory details" and a "circus atmosphere."
    *   This points to the jury acting on strong emotion rather than cold, hard evidence or reason.
    *   Sense 6 ("a strong feeling or emotion") fits best here. Sense 5 is more about a trait, and Sense 7 is more about a specific obsession/mania.

    *   Sense 6: "a strong feeling or emotion"
    *   Context: "...no evidence the jury was driven by passion."
    *   This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: last_word
Target surface form: last word
Context:
But lawyers for Mr. Hayes have already made court filings that sketch out appeals arguments that are likely to occupy the courts for years. One of the most provocative is that the intense reporting on the trial - including mainstream reporters' extensive use of Twitter - created a "circus atmosphere" and such widespread, instant saturation with inflammatory details that the jury was improperly swayed by public passions. The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the <t>last word</t> on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=last_word%1:07:00:: | definition=elegance by virtue of being fashionable | synonyms=chic, chicness, chichi, modishness, smartness, stylishness
2. sense_key=last_word%1:10:00:: | definition=the final statement in a verbal argument | examples=she always gets the last word
3. sense_key=last_word%1:10:01:: | definition=an authoritative statement | examples=my doctor has the last word on the medicines I take

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `last_word`
    *   Target surface form: `last word`
    *   Context: "...The trial judge... tersely rejected the claims... But that is not likely to be the <t>last word</t> on the issue."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `last_word%1:07:00::` - elegance by virtue of being fashionable (chic).
        2.  `last_word%1:10:00::` - the final statement in a verbal argument (e.g., "she always gets the last word").
        3.  `last_word%1:10:01::` - an authoritative statement (e.g., "my doctor has the last word on the medicines I take").

    *   The sentence says: "The trial judge... rejected the claims... But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue."
    *   This means the judge's ruling is likely not the final, definitive, or authoritative decision on the matter, as appeals are expected.

    *   Sense 1 (fashionable) is completely irrelevant.
    *   Sense 2 (final statement in a verbal argument) usually refers to a petty argument or a conversation where someone insists on speaking last.
    *   Sense 3 (an authoritative statement) refers to a definitive or final decision/judgment on a topic.

    *   The context is a legal battle. The judge made a ruling, but the lawyers are filing appeals. The "last word" here refers to the final, authoritative legal determination on whether new technology affects fair-trial rights.
    *   Sense 3 fits best because it describes an authoritative or final decision on a subject.

    *   Sense 2: "she always gets the last word" (interpersonal conflict).
    *   Sense 3: "my doctor has the last word on the medicines I take" (authoritative decision).
    *   The judge's ruling is an authoritative statement, and the text suggests it won't be the *final* authoritative statement.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: issue
Target surface form: issue
Context:
But lawyers for Mr. Hayes have already made court filings that sketch out appeals arguments that are likely to occupy the courts for years. One of the most provocative is that the intense reporting on the trial - including mainstream reporters' extensive use of Twitter - created a "circus atmosphere" and such widespread, instant saturation with inflammatory details that the jury was improperly swayed by public passions. The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the <t>issue</t>. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: | definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
2. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
3. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
4. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
5. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
6. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
7. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication
8. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: | definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: | definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
11. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `issue`
    *   Target surface form: `issue`
    *   Context: "...But that is not likely to be the last word on the <t>issue</t>. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses a legal dispute regarding whether intense media reporting and new technology (Twitter) affected a jury's fairness. A judge rejected the claim, but the author suggests this isn't the end of the discussion.

    *   1: descendants/offspring (Incorrect)
    *   2: periodical number (Incorrect)
    *   3: exit/outlet (Incorrect)
    *   4: act of providing items (Incorrect)
    *   5: situation/event thought about (topic, subject, matter) (Possible)
    *   6: income/profit (Incorrect)
    *   7: act of issuing printed materials (Incorrect)
    *   8: government supplies (Incorrect)
    *   9: becoming visible (Incorrect)
    *   10: consequence/result (Incorrect)
    *   11: an important question that is in dispute and must be settled (Correct)

    *   Sense 5: "some situation or event that is thought about" (topic, subject, matter).
    *   Sense 11: "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled".
    *   The context describes a legal dispute ("claims", "appeals arguments", "grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules"). This is a specific point of contention/dispute in a legal context.
    *   "The last word on the issue" usually refers to a final decision on a disputed point.
    *   Sense 11 fits perfectly: "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled".

    *   Sense 11 is the most precise fit for a legal dispute/contention.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decade
Target surface form: decades
Context:
One of the most provocative is that the intense reporting on the trial - including mainstream reporters' extensive use of Twitter - created a "circus atmosphere" and such widespread, instant saturation with inflammatory details that the jury was improperly swayed by public passions. The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For <t>decades</t>, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decade%1:23:00:: | definition=the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system | synonyms=ten, 10, X, tenner
2. sense_key=decade%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 10 years | synonyms=decennary, decennium

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `decade`
    *   Target surface form: `decades`
    *   Context: "For <t>decades</t>, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `decade%1:23:00::`: the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system (ten).
        2.  `decade%1:28:00::`: a period of 10 years.

    *   The sentence says "For decades, appeals courts have recognized...".
    *   "For decades" refers to a duration of time (multiple periods of 10 years).
    *   Sense 1 refers to the number 10.
    *   Sense 2 refers to a period of 10 years.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct fit for a duration of time.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: coverage
Target surface form: coverage
Context:
One of the most provocative is that the intense reporting on the trial - including mainstream reporters' extensive use of Twitter - created a "circus atmosphere" and such widespread, instant saturation with inflammatory details that the jury was improperly swayed by public passions. The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that <t>coverage</t> of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=coverage%1:10:00:: | definition=the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio or television | synonyms=reporting, reportage | examples=they accused the paper of biased coverage of race relations
2. sense_key=coverage%1:07:00:: | definition=the extent to which something is covered | examples=the dictionary's coverage of standard English is excellent
3. sense_key=coverage%1:21:00:: | definition=the total amount and type of insurance carried | synonyms=insurance coverage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "coverage"
    *   Context: "For decades, appeals courts have recognized that <t>coverage</t> of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness."
    *   Surrounding context: Mentions "intense reporting on the trial", "mainstream reporters", "news media", "carnival atmosphere at trial because of the news media".

    *   Sense 1: "the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio or television" (Synonyms: reporting, reportage).
    *   Sense 2: "the extent to which something is covered" (Example: dictionary's coverage).
    *   Sense 3: "the total amount and type of insurance carried" (Synonyms: insurance coverage).

    *   The context explicitly discusses "reporting on the trial", "reporters", and "news media".
    *   The sentence "coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness" refers to how the media reports on these cases.
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: cases
Context:
One of the most provocative is that the intense reporting on the trial - including mainstream reporters' extensive use of Twitter - created a "circus atmosphere" and such widespread, instant saturation with inflammatory details that the jury was improperly swayed by public passions. The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious <t>cases</t> can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
2. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine
3. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
4. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
5. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
6. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
7. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
8. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
9. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
10. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
11. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
12. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
13. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
14. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
15. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
16. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
17. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
18. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
19. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
20. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 19}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 19}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `case`
    *   Target surface form: `cases`
    *   Context: "For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious <t>cases</t> can raise questions about a trial's fairness."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses a trial, jury, courtroom rules, fair-trial rights, appeals judges, and a specific Supreme Court ruling (Sheppard v. Maxwell).

    *   1: quantity in a case (caseful) - No.
    *   2: glass container (display case) - No.
    *   3: person of a specified kind (eccentric) - No.
    *   4: person subjected to experimental procedures (subject) - No.
    *   5: actual state of things (that was not the case) - No.
    *   6: grammatical case - No.
    *   7: enveloping structure (sheath) - No.
    *   8: temporary state of mind (case of the jitters) - No.
    *   9: occurrence of something (instance) - No.
    *   10: person requiring professional services - No.
    *   11: enclosing frame (casing) - No.
    *   12: statement of facts/reasons to support an argument - No.
    *   13: size/style of type (font) - No.
    *   14: pillowcase - No.
    *   15: housing/outer covering (shell) - No.
    *   16: special set of circumstances (event) - No.
    *   17: compositor's case - No.
    *   18: portable container - No.
    *   19: proceeding in a court of law (lawsuit, suit, cause) - Yes.
    *   20: problem requiring investigation (mystery) - No.

    *   The context is explicitly about legal proceedings ("appeals courts", "trial's fairness", "Supreme Court overturned the conviction").
    *   "Notorious cases" refers to famous legal proceedings/lawsuits.
    *   Sense 19: "a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa". This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 19 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: question
Target surface form: questions
Context:
One of the most provocative is that the intense reporting on the trial - including mainstream reporters' extensive use of Twitter - created a "circus atmosphere" and such widespread, instant saturation with inflammatory details that the jury was improperly swayed by public passions. The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise <t>questions</t> about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=question%1:10:01:: | definition=the subject matter at issue | synonyms=head | examples=the question of disease merits serious discussion; under the head of minor Roman poets
2. sense_key=question%1:10:00:: | definition=an instance of questioning | synonyms=inquiry, enquiry, query, interrogation | examples=there was a question about my training; we made inquiries of all those who were present
3. sense_key=question%1:10:04:: | definition=an informal reference to a marriage proposal | examples=he was ready to pop the question
4. sense_key=question%1:10:03:: | definition=a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply | synonyms=interrogation, interrogative, interrogative sentence | examples=he asked a direct question; he had trouble phrasing his interrogations
5. sense_key=question%1:10:02:: | definition=a formal proposal for action made to a deliberative assembly for discussion and vote | synonyms=motion | examples=he made a motion to adjourn; she called for the question
6. sense_key=question%1:07:00:: | definition=uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something | synonyms=doubt, dubiousness, doubtfulness | examples=the dubiousness of his claim; there is no question about the validity of the enterprise

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `question`
    *   Target surface form: `questions`
    *   Context: "For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise <t>questions</t> about a trial's fairness."

    *   Sense 1: `the subject matter at issue` (synonym: head). Example: "the question of disease merits serious discussion".
    *   Sense 2: `an instance of questioning` (synonyms: inquiry, enquiry, query, interrogation). Example: "there was a question about my training".
    *   Sense 3: `an informal reference to a marriage proposal`.
    *   Sense 4: `a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply` (synonyms: interrogation, interrogative). Example: "he asked a direct question".
    *   Sense 5: `a formal proposal for action made to a deliberative assembly` (synonym: motion).
    *   Sense 6: `uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something` (synonyms: doubt, dubiousness, doubtfulness). Example: "the dubiousness of his claim".

    *   The sentence is: "coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness."
    *   "Raise questions" in this context means to create doubt or uncertainty about whether the trial was fair.
    *   It doesn't mean asking a specific interrogative sentence (Sense 4).
    *   It doesn't mean a formal motion (Sense 5).
    *   It doesn't mean a marriage proposal (Sense 3).
    *   It doesn't mean a specific instance of questioning/interrogation (Sense 2).
    *   It could be Sense 1 (subject matter at issue) or Sense 6 (uncertainty/doubt).

    *   Sense 1: "the subject matter at issue".
    *   Sense 6: "uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something" (synonyms: doubt, dubiousness).
    *   "Raise questions about [something's] fairness" is a common idiom meaning to cast doubt on it or make its fairness uncertain.
    *   If we substitute "doubts" (Sense 6) into the sentence: "...coverage of notorious cases can raise doubts about a trial's fairness." (Fits perfectly).
    *   If we substitute "subject matter" (Sense 1) into the sentence: "...coverage of notorious cases can raise the subject matter at issue about a trial's fairness." (Doesn't fit as well).

    *   Sense 6 specifically deals with uncertainty/doubt. "Raising questions" in the context of fairness, validity, or truth is almost always synonymous with "raising doubts".

    *   Sense 6: uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something.
    *   Context: "raise questions about a trial's fairness" -> raise uncertainty/doubt about whether the trial was fair.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trial
Target surface form: trial
Context:
One of the most provocative is that the intense reporting on the trial - including mainstream reporters' extensive use of Twitter - created a "circus atmosphere" and such widespread, instant saturation with inflammatory details that the jury was improperly swayed by public passions. The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a <t>trial</t>'s fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trial%1:11:01:: | definition=(sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications | examples=the trials for the semifinals began yesterday
2. sense_key=trial%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of testing something | synonyms=test, run | examples=in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately; he called each flip of the coin a new trial
3. sense_key=trial%1:09:00:: | definition=trying something to find out about it | synonyms=trial run, test, tryout | examples=a sample for ten days free trial; a trial of progesterone failed to relieve the pain
4. sense_key=trial%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of undergoing testing | synonyms=test | examples=he survived the great test of battle; candidates must compete in a trial of skill
5. sense_key=trial%1:04:02:: | definition=(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law | examples=he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty; most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial
6. sense_key=trial%1:11:00:: | definition=an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event | synonyms=tribulation, visitation | examples=his mother-in-law's visits were a great trial for him; life is full of tribulations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `trial`
    *   Context: The text discusses a legal proceeding involving a jury, a judge (Jon C. Blue), defense lawyers (Thomas J. Ullmann), a conviction, and the fairness of the process in the face of media coverage.
    *   Target surface form: `trial` (specifically the one in "coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a <t>trial</t>'s fairness").

    *   Sense 1: (sports) preliminary competition. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: act of testing something (experimental). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: trying something to find out about it (sample/test). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: act of undergoing testing (test of skill/battle). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: (law) determination of innocence or guilt by due process of law. (Correct)
    *   Sense 6: annoying/frustrating event (tribulation). (Incorrect)

    *   The context is explicitly legal: "jury", "courtroom rules", "defense lawyer", "trial judge", "conviction", "Supreme Court".
    *   The specific phrase "a trial's fairness" refers to the legal process of determining guilt or innocence.
    *   Sense 5 matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fairness
Target surface form: fairness
Context:
One of the most provocative is that the intense reporting on the trial - including mainstream reporters' extensive use of Twitter - created a "circus atmosphere" and such widespread, instant saturation with inflammatory details that the jury was improperly swayed by public passions. The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's <t>fairness</t>. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fairness%1:07:01:: | definition=the property of having a naturally light complexion | synonyms=paleness, blondness
2. sense_key=fairness%1:07:02:: | definition=the quality of being good looking and attractive | synonyms=comeliness, loveliness, beauteousness
3. sense_key=fairness%1:07:00:: | definition=conformity with rules or standards | synonyms=equity | examples=the judge recognized the fairness of my claim
4. sense_key=fairness%1:09:00:: | definition=ability to make judgments free from discrimination or dishonesty | synonyms=fair-mindedness, candor, candour

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `fairness`
    *   Target surface form: `fairness`
    *   Context: "...appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `fairness%1:07:01::`: light complexion (paleness, blondness)
        2.  `fairness%1:07:02::`: good looking (comeliness, loveliness)
        3.  `fairness%1:07:00::`: conformity with rules or standards (equity; example: "the judge recognized the fairness of my claim")
        4.  `fairness%1:09:00::`: ability to make judgments free from discrimination or dishonesty (fair-mindedness, candor)

    *   The context discusses a trial, jury influence, "fair-trial rights," and appeals courts.
    *   The phrase "a trial's fairness" refers to whether the trial was conducted according to the rules of justice and equity, ensuring a fair process.

    *   Sense 1 (complexion) and Sense 2 (beauty) are completely irrelevant.
    *   Sense 3 (conformity with rules or standards/equity) fits perfectly. The example "the judge recognized the fairness of my claim" is very similar to "a trial's fairness."
    *   Sense 4 (ability to make judgments free from discrimination) refers more to a person's character or trait (fair-mindedness) rather than the quality of a process (like a trial).

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: conviction
Target surface form: conviction
Context:
The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the <t>conviction</t> of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=conviction%1:09:00:: | definition=an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence | synonyms=strong belief, article of faith
2. sense_key=conviction%1:04:00:: | definition=(criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed | synonyms=judgment of conviction, condemnation, sentence | examples=the conviction came as no surprise

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `conviction`
    *   Target surface form: `conviction`
    *   Context: "...the United States Supreme Court overturned the <t>conviction</t> of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `conviction%1:09:00::`: an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence (strong belief, article of faith).
        2.  `conviction%1:04:00::`: (criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed (judgment of conviction, condemnation, sentence).

    *   The sentence mentions "United States Supreme Court", "overturned the conviction", "Dr. Sam Sheppard", "murder of his wife", and "trial".
    *   This is clearly a legal context involving a criminal case.
    *   "Overturned the conviction" means the court reversed the judgment of guilt.

    *   Sense 1 is about belief/faith.
    *   Sense 2 is about a criminal law judgment of guilt.

    *   Sense 2 fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cleveland
Target surface form: Cleveland
Context:
The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a <t>Cleveland</t> osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cleveland%1:15:00:: | definition=the largest city in Ohio; located in northeastern Ohio on Lake Erie; a major Great Lakes port
2. sense_key=cleveland%1:18:00:: | definition=22nd and 24th President of the United States (1837-1908) | synonyms=Grover Cleveland, Stephen Grover Cleveland, President Cleveland

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cleveland`
    *   Target surface form: `Cleveland`
    *   Context: "...the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a <t>Cleveland</t> osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cleveland%1:15:00::`: the largest city in Ohio...
        2.  `cleveland%1:18:00::`: 22nd and 24th President of the United States...

    *   The phrase is "a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard".
    *   In this context, "Cleveland" modifies "osteopath".
    *   It describes where the osteopath is from or where they practice.
    *   This refers to the city of Cleveland, Ohio.

    *   Sense 1: The city in Ohio. (Matches)
    *   Sense 2: The US President. (Does not match)

    *   The correct sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decision
Target surface form: decision
Context:
The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its <t>decision</t>, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decision%1:11:02:: | definition=(boxing) a victory won on points when no knockout has occurred | examples=had little trouble in taking a unanimous decision over his opponent
2. sense_key=decision%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making up your mind about something | synonyms=determination, conclusion | examples=the burden of decision was his; he drew his conclusions quickly
3. sense_key=decision%1:11:01:: | definition=the outcome of a game or contest | examples=the team dropped three decisions in a row
4. sense_key=decision%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of resoluteness as evidenced by firmness of character or purpose | synonyms=decisiveness | examples=a man of unusual decisiveness
5. sense_key=decision%1:09:00:: | definition=a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration | synonyms=determination, conclusion | examples=a decision unfavorable to the opposition; his conclusion took the evidence into account

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `decision`
    *   Target surface form: `decision`
    *   Context: "...the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath... saying in its <t>decision</t>, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a 'carnival atmosphere at trial'..."

    *   Sense 1: (boxing) victory won on points. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: The act of making up your mind. (Process of deciding)
    *   Sense 3: Outcome of a game or contest. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Trait of resoluteness (decisiveness). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: A position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration. (Synonyms: determination, conclusion).

    *   The context refers to a Supreme Court ruling ("overturned the conviction... saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell").
    *   A court's "decision" is a formal judgment or opinion reached after considering the case.
    *   Sense 2 is the *act* of deciding.
    *   Sense 5 is the *result* (the position, opinion, or judgment) of that act.
    *   In "saying in its decision", the word refers to the written judgment/opinion itself.

    *   Sense 5: "a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration" fits perfectly for a legal ruling.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: carnival
Target surface form: carnival
Context:
The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "<t>carnival</t> atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=carnival%1:04:00:: | definition=a festival marked by merrymaking and processions
2. sense_key=carnival%1:04:02:: | definition=a frenetic disorganized (and often comic) disturbance suggestive of a large public entertainment | synonyms=circus | examples=it was so funny it was a circus; the whole occasion had a carnival atmosphere
3. sense_key=carnival%1:04:01:: | definition=a traveling show; having sideshows and rides and games of skill etc. | synonyms=fair, funfair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `carnival`
    *   Target surface form: `carnival`
    *   Context: "...saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a 'carnival atmosphere at trial' because of the news media."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `carnival%1:04:00::`: a festival marked by merrymaking and processions.
        2.  `carnival%1:04:02::`: a frenetic disorganized (and often comic) disturbance suggestive of a large public entertainment | synonyms=circus | examples=it was so funny it was a circus; the whole occasion had a carnival atmosphere.
        3.  `carnival%1:04:01::`: a traveling show; having sideshows and rides and games of skill etc. | synonyms=fair, funfair.

    *   The phrase is "carnival atmosphere at trial".
    *   The context discusses a trial being affected by news media, potentially compromising fair-trial rights.
    *   The word "carnival" here is used metaphorically to describe the chaotic, sensationalized, or disorganized nature of the trial's environment, not a literal festival or a traveling fair.

    *   Sense 1: Literal festival. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: "a frenetic disorganized (and often comic) disturbance suggestive of a large public entertainment". Example: "the whole occasion had a carnival atmosphere". (Matches perfectly)
    *   Sense 3: Literal traveling show/fair. (Incorrect)

    *   The example in Sense 2 ("the whole occasion had a carnival atmosphere") is almost identical to the target phrase ("carnival atmosphere at trial").


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: atmosphere
Target surface form: atmosphere
Context:
The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival <t>atmosphere</t> at trial" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=atmosphere%1:15:00:: | definition=the mass of air surrounding the Earth | synonyms=air | examples=there was great heat as the comet entered the atmosphere; it was exposed to the air
2. sense_key=atmosphere%1:26:01:: | definition=a particular environment or surrounding influence | synonyms=ambiance, ambience | examples=there was an atmosphere of excitement
3. sense_key=atmosphere%1:07:00:: | definition=a distinctive but intangible quality surrounding a person or thing | synonyms=air, aura | examples=an air of mystery; the house had a neglected air
4. sense_key=atmosphere%1:17:00:: | definition=the envelope of gases surrounding any celestial body
5. sense_key=atmosphere%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather or climate at some place | synonyms=atmospheric state | examples=the atmosphere was thick with fog
6. sense_key=atmosphere%1:23:00:: | definition=a unit of pressure: the pressure that will support a column of mercury 760 mm high at sea level and 0 degrees centigrade | synonyms=standard atmosphere, atm, standard pressure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `atmosphere`
    *   Target surface form: `atmosphere`
    *   Context: "...saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a 'carnival <t>atmosphere</t> at trial' because of the news media."

    *   Sense 1: Mass of air surrounding Earth (physical air).
    *   Sense 2: A particular environment or surrounding influence (ambiance, ambience). Example: "atmosphere of excitement".
    *   Sense 3: A distinctive but intangible quality surrounding a person or thing (air, aura). Example: "an air of mystery".
    *   Sense 4: Envelope of gases surrounding any celestial body.
    *   Sense 5: Weather or climate at some place.
    *   Sense 6: Unit of pressure.

    *   The phrase is "carnival atmosphere at trial".
    *   This refers to the mood, feeling, or environment of the trial, which was chaotic or circus-like due to media coverage.
    *   It's not about physical air (Sense 1, 4), weather (Sense 5), or pressure (Sense 6).
    *   It's between Sense 2 (environment/surrounding influence/ambiance) and Sense 3 (intangible quality/aura).

    *   Sense 2: "a particular environment or surrounding influence" (synonyms: ambiance, ambience). Example: "atmosphere of excitement".
    *   Sense 3: "a distinctive but intangible quality surrounding a person or thing" (synonyms: air, aura). Example: "an air of mystery".
    *   "Carnival atmosphere" describes the general mood or environment of the trial proceedings. This aligns closely with "ambiance" or "environment" (Sense 2). Sense 3 usually refers to a quality *of* a person or a specific object (e.g., "the house had a neglected air"). A trial is more of a situation/environment.

    *   "Carnival atmosphere" is very similar to "atmosphere of excitement" (Sense 2).
    *   Sense 2 fits the context of a social or situational environment.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trial
Target surface form: trial
Context:
The claim could force appeals judges to grapple with the question of whether new technology requires new courtroom rules. "As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at <t>trial</t>" because of the news media. The crime is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trial%1:09:00:: | definition=trying something to find out about it | synonyms=trial run, test, tryout | examples=a sample for ten days free trial; a trial of progesterone failed to relieve the pain
2. sense_key=trial%1:11:00:: | definition=an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event | synonyms=tribulation, visitation | examples=his mother-in-law's visits were a great trial for him; life is full of tribulations
3. sense_key=trial%1:04:02:: | definition=(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law | examples=he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty; most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial
4. sense_key=trial%1:11:01:: | definition=(sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications | examples=the trials for the semifinals began yesterday
5. sense_key=trial%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of testing something | synonyms=test, run | examples=in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately; he called each flip of the coin a new trial
6. sense_key=trial%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of undergoing testing | synonyms=test | examples=he survived the great test of battle; candidates must compete in a trial of skill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `trial`
    *   Target surface form: `trial`
    *   Context: "...there was a 'carnival atmosphere at <t>trial</t>' because of the news media."
    *   Surrounding context: "appeals judges", "courtroom rules", "fair-trial rights", "defense lawyer", "trial judge", "State Superior Court", "jury", "conviction", "Supreme Court".

    *   Sense 1: Trying something to find out about it (test run).
    *   Sense 2: An annoying/frustrating event (tribulation).
    *   Sense 3: (law) Determination of innocence or guilt by due process of law.
    *   Sense 4: (sports) Preliminary competition.
    *   Sense 5: Act of testing something (experimental).
    *   Sense 6: Act of undergoing testing (trial of skill).

    *   The context is heavily legal: "courtroom", "judges", "defense lawyer", "jury", "conviction", "Supreme Court".
    *   The specific phrase "carnival atmosphere at trial" refers to the legal proceeding where the guilt or innocence of Dr. Sam Sheppard was determined.
    *   This matches Sense 3 perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: crime
Target surface form: crime
Context:
"As I experienced it during this trial, I think there's a real danger that the inclusion of new technology in the courtroom is affecting an individual's fair-trial rights," said Thomas J. Ullmann, Mr. Hayes's chief defense lawyer. The trial judge, Jon C. Blue of State Superior Court, tersely rejected the claims in a ruling last week, saying that the news media were "carefully controlled" and that there was no evidence the jury was driven by passion. But that is not likely to be the last word on the issue. For decades, appeals courts have recognized that coverage of notorious cases can raise questions about a trial's fairness. In a landmark 1966 ruling, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife, saying in its decision, Sheppard v. Maxwell, that there was a "carnival atmosphere at trial" because of the news media. The <t>crime</t> is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie "The Fugitive." Some lawyers said appeals courts reviewing Mr. Hayes's conviction half a century later might be intrigued by the argument that new rules could be necessary to govern ways of communicating from courtrooms unimagined at the time of Dr. Sheppard's case.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=crime%1:04:00:: | definition=(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act | synonyms=offense, criminal offense, criminal offence, offence, law-breaking | examples=a long record of crimes
2. sense_key=crime%1:04:01:: | definition=an evil act not necessarily punishable by law | examples=crimes of the heart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `crime`
    *   Target surface form: `crime`
    *   Context: "...the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife... The <t>crime</t> is believed by some to have been the inspiration for the television show and the movie 'The Fugitive.'"
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `crime%1:04:00`: (criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act. (Synonyms: offense, criminal offense, etc.)
        2.  `crime%1:04:01`: an evil act not necessarily punishable by law. (Example: crimes of the heart)

    *   The context mentions "the conviction of a Cleveland osteopath, Dr. Sam Sheppard, for the murder of his wife".
    *   Murder is a criminal act punishable by law.
    *   The sentence "The crime is believed by some..." refers back to the murder of his wife.

    *   Sense 1 refers to a criminal law offense (punishable by law).
    *   Sense 2 refers to an evil act not necessarily punishable by law.
    *   Murder is definitely punishable by law.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.