[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dog
Target surface form: dogs
Context:
In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory <t>dogs</t> or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: | definition=a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman | synonyms=frump | examples=she got a reputation as a frump; she's a real dog
2. sense_key=dog%1:06:01:: | definition=metal supports for logs in a fireplace | synonyms=andiron, firedog, dog-iron | examples=the andirons were too hot to touch
3. sense_key=dog%1:06:00:: | definition=a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward | synonyms=pawl, detent, click
4. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: | definition=informal term for a man | examples=you lucky dog
5. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: | definition=a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds | synonyms=domestic dog, Canis familiaris | examples=the dog barked all night
6. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who is morally reprehensible | synonyms=cad, bounder, blackguard, hound, heel | examples=you dirty dog
7. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: | definition=a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll | synonyms=frank, frankfurter, hotdog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `dog`
    *   Target surface form: `dogs`
    *   Context: "A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory <t>dogs</t> or in animal patients at veterinary practises..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `dog%1:18:01`: dull unattractive girl/woman.
        2.  `dog%1:06:01`: metal supports for logs.
        3.  `dog%1:06:00`: hinged catch (pawl).
        4.  `dog%1:18:00`: informal term for a man.
        5.  `dog%1:05:00`: member of the genus Canis (domesticated).
        6.  `dog%1:18:02`: morally reprehensible person.
        7.  `dog%1:13:01`: sausage (hotdog).

    *   The context mentions "veterinary treatment", "animal patients", "veterinary practises", and "laboratory dogs".
    *   This clearly refers to the animal.

    *   Sense 5: "a member of the genus Canis... domesticated by man... occurs in many breeds". This matches perfectly.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: several
Target surface form: several
Context:
In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in <t>several</t> European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=several%5:00:00:some:00 | definition=(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many | examples=several letters came in the mail; several people were injured in the accident
2. sense_key=several%5:00:00:different:00 | definition=distinct and individual | examples=three several times
3. sense_key=several%5:00:00:individual:00 | definition=considered individually | synonyms=respective, various | examples=the respective club members; specialists in their several fields

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "several"
    *   Target surface form: "several"
    *   Context: "...carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in <t>several</t> European countries and in the USA."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `several%5:00:00:some:00`: (used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many.
        2.  `several%5:00:00:different:00`: distinct and individual.
        3.  `several%5:00:00:individual:00`: considered individually (synonyms: respective, various).

    *   The phrase is "several European countries".
    *   Here, "several" is used as a quantifier for "European countries".
    *   It indicates that the studies were conducted in more than a few, but not necessarily a huge number of, European countries.

    *   Sense 1: "of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many". This fits perfectly. "Several European countries" means a few different countries.
    *   Sense 2: "distinct and individual". This is usually used in phrases like "three several times" (though archaic/rare) or to emphasize distinctness. Not the primary meaning here.
    *   Sense 3: "considered individually" (synonyms: respective, various). Example: "specialists in their several fields". This refers to the individual nature of the fields, not the quantity of countries.

    *   The usage in "several European countries" is the standard quantifier meaning "more than two or three". This aligns with Sense 1.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: benefit
Target surface form: benefit
Context:
For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What <t>benefit</t> has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=benefit%1:21:00:: | definition=financial assistance in time of need
2. sense_key=benefit%1:07:00:: | definition=something that aids or promotes well-being | synonyms=welfare | examples=for the benefit of all
3. sense_key=benefit%1:10:00:: | definition=a performance to raise money for a charitable cause

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `benefit`
    *   Target surface form: `benefit`
    *   Context: "What <t>benefit</t> has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `benefit%1:21:00::`: financial assistance in time of need.
        2.  `benefit%1:07:00::`: something that aids or promotes well-being (synonym: welfare).
        3.  `benefit%1:10:00::`: a performance to raise money for a charitable cause.

    *   The context discusses a medication (Cerenia) used to treat vomiting in dogs.
    *   The question asks "What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?"
    *   The answer explains that it was "more effective than the placebo" and resulted in "less vomiting."
    *   In this context, "benefit" refers to the positive effect or advantage the drug provides to the health/well-being of the dogs.

    *   Sense 1 (financial assistance) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (something that aids or promotes well-being) fits perfectly. The reduction of vomiting is a benefit to the dog's well-being.
    *   Sense 3 (charity performance) is incorrect.

    *   The best fit is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: shown
Context:
For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia <t>shown</t> during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
2. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
3. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
4. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
5. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
6. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
7. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
8. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
11. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `show`
    *   Target surface form: `shown`
    *   Context: "What benefit has Cerenia <t>shown</t> during the studies?"
    *   Surrounding context: "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo..."

    *   Sense 1: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment (prove, demonstrate, establish).
    *   Sense 2: be or become visible or noticeable (show up).
    *   Sense 3: indicate a place, direction, person, or thing (indicate, point, designate).
    *   Sense 4: show in, or as in, a picture (picture, depict, render).
    *   Sense 5: provide evidence for (testify, bear witness, prove, evidence).
    *   Sense 6: give an exhibition of to an interested audience (demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate).
    *   Sense 7: take (someone) to their seats (usher).
    *   Sense 8: make visible or noticeable.
    *   Sense 9: indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments (read, register, record).
    *   Sense 10: give expression to (express, evince).
    *   Sense 11: give evidence of, as of records.
    *   Sense 12: finish third or better in a horse or dog race.

    *   The sentence is "What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?"
    *   The following sentence says "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo..."
    *   In this context, "shown" means that the studies provided evidence for the benefit of the drug.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 5:
        *   Sense 1: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment" (prove, demonstrate).
        *   Sense 5: "provide evidence for" (testify, bear witness, prove, evidence).
    *   Wait, let's look at the subject. In "What benefit has Cerenia shown", the subject is "Cerenia" (the drug). In "The results of the studies showed", the subject is "the results".
    *   If the drug "shows" a benefit, it is providing evidence of its own effectiveness.
    *   Sense 5: "provide evidence for" (e.g., "The blood test showed that he was the father"). Here, the blood test (the evidence) shows the fact.
    *   Sense 1: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment" (e.g., "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound"). Here, the experiment (the process) shows the fact.
    *   Let's re-examine the sentence: "What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?"
    *   This is slightly different from "What did the studies show about Cerenia?".
    *   If Cerenia (the drug) is the subject, it is "showing" (manifesting/providing evidence of) a benefit.
    *   Looking at Sense 5 again: "provide evidence for". Example: "The blood test showed that he was the father".
    *   Looking at Sense 1 again: "establish the validity of something... by an experiment". Example: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound".
    *   Looking at Sense 2: "be or become visible or noticeable". Example: "His good upbringing really shows".
    *   Looking at Sense 8: "make visible or noticeable". Example: "She showed her talent for cooking".
    *   Wait, "Cerenia has shown a benefit" is very similar to "She showed her talent". The benefit is a quality or characteristic that became evident.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 5: "provide evidence for".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 1: "establish the validity of something".
    *   Actually, in medical literature, "the drug showed a benefit" usually means the results of the study provided evidence that the drug was beneficial.
    *   Let's compare "The results showed that Cerenia was effective" (Sense 1 or 5) and "Cerenia showed a benefit" (Sense 5 or 8).
    *   If we use Sense 5 ("provide evidence for"), the drug itself is the evidence.
    *   If we use Sense 1 ("establish the validity"), the drug is the means of establishing validity.
    *   Let's look at Sense 5's synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1's synonyms: prove, demonstrate, establish.
    *   In "What benefit has Cerenia shown", "shown" is used in the sense of "demonstrated" or "exhibited".
    *   Sense 6: "give an exhibition of to an interested audience" (demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate). This is usually for a performance or a product demo.
    *   Sense 8: "make visible or noticeable". Example: "She showed her talent for cooking". This fits "Cerenia showed a benefit" quite well.
    *   However, in the context of scientific studies, "showed a benefit" is almost always synonymous with "demonstrated a benefit" or "provided evidence of a benefit".
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
    *   Let's look at Sense 5 again: "provide evidence for".
    *   If the subject is the drug, "Cerenia has shown a benefit", it means the drug's performance provided evidence of a benefit.
    *   Let's check Sense 11: "give evidence of, as of records". (The diary shows his distress). Not records.
    *   Let's check Sense 2: "be or become visible or noticeable". (His good upbringing really shows). This is intransitive. "Cerenia has shown a benefit" is transitive.
    *   Wait, "Cerenia has shown a benefit" (transitive).
    *   Sense 8: "make visible or noticeable". (She showed her talent for cooking).
    *   Sense 5: "provide evidence for". (The blood test showed that he was the father).
    *   In "What benefit has Cerenia shown", the "benefit" is the object.
    *   In Sense 5, the object is usually a clause ("that he was the father") or a fact.
    *   In Sense 8, the object is a quality ("her talent"). "Benefit" is similar to a quality or result.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1: "establish the validity of something". "Cerenia showed a benefit" -> Cerenia established the validity of the benefit? Not quite.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 5: "provide evidence for". "Cerenia showed a benefit" -> Cerenia provided evidence for a benefit. This fits well.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 8: "make visible or noticeable". "Cerenia showed a benefit" -> Cerenia made a benefit visible or noticeable. This also fits.
    *   Comparing Sense 5 and Sense 8: Sense 5 is more about evidence/proof, which is the core of "studies". Sense 8 is more about making something visible.
    *   In the context of "studies", "shown" almost always means "demonstrated" or "provided evidence for".
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: prove, demonstrate, establish.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 5: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence.
    *   "Cerenia has shown a benefit" = "Cerenia has demonstrated a benefit".
    *   Is "demonstrate" in Sense 1 or Sense 6?
    *   Sense 1: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
    *   Sense 6: "give an exhibition of to an interested audience".
    *   Sense 1 fits the "experiment/study" context perfectly.
    *   Wait, let's look at the subject again. "What benefit has Cerenia shown...?"
    *   If the subject is the drug, can it "establish the validity of something"?
    *   "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound." (Experiment = subject, instability = object).
    *   "Cerenia showed a benefit." (Cerenia = subject, benefit = object).
    *   In this case, Cerenia is the subject of the experiment, but the sentence is phrased as if Cerenia is the one doing the showing. This is common in medical writing (e.g., "The drug showed a 20% increase in survival").
    *   This usage is most closely aligned with "demonstrate" in the sense of providing evidence or establishing validity through a study.
    *   Let's double-check Sense 5: "provide evidence for". "The blood test showed that he was the father."
    *   The difference between Sense 1 and Sense 5 is subtle. Sense 1 is more about establishing validity/proving, while Sense 5 is more about providing evidence.
    *   In "What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?", it's asking what was proven or demonstrated.
    *   Let's look at the second sentence: "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo".
    *   Here, "the results" (subject) "showed" (verb) "that Cerenia was more effective" (object clause).
    *   This second "showed" is definitely Sense 1 or 5.
    *   "The results showed that..." = "The results demonstrated that..." (Sense 1) or "The results provided evidence that..." (Sense 5).
    *   Usually, "results show" is Sense 1 (establish validity/demonstrate).
    *   Now back to "What benefit has Cerenia shown?".
    *   If "the results showed that Cerenia was more effective", then "Cerenia showed a benefit".
    *   This means the drug's performance in the study demonstrated the benefit.
    *   Sense 1: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
    *   This fits the context of "during the studies" perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: establish validity (prove, demonstrate) - Fits "studies" and "benefit".
    *   Sense 5: provide evidence for (testify, evidence) - Also fits, but Sense 1's "demonstrate" is a very common synonym for "show" in this context.
    *   Sense 8: make visible or noticeable - Too simple for a scientific study context.
    *   Sense 11: give evidence of, as of records - Not records.

    *   Sense 1: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound."
    *   Context: "What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?"
    *   The "benefit" is like the "instability", and "Cerenia [in the studies]" is like "the experiment".
    *   This matches very well.

    *   Sense 5: "The blood test showed that he was the father."
    *   This is also very close. However, Sense 1 specifically mentions "experiment", which is a closer match to "studies".

    *   Sense 1: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment.
    *   Sense 5: provide evidence for.
    *   In medical literature, "showed a benefit" is almost always "demonstrated a benefit".
    *   "Demonstrate" is a synonym for Sense 1.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 5 again. "provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father".
    *   And Sense 1: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound".
    *   The "experiment" part of Sense 1 is a very strong link to "studies".

    *   "What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?"
    *   "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo..."
    *   Both "shown" and "showed" here refer to the outcome of the studies.
    *   Sense 1 is the most appropriate for outcomes of experiments/studies.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the <t>studies</t>? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
3. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
4. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
5. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
9. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `study`
    *   Target surface form: `studies`
    *   Context: "A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients... What benefit has Cerenia shown during the <t>studies</t>? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo..."
    *   Meaning: The context refers to scientific investigations or clinical trials conducted to test the effectiveness of a medicine (Cerenia).

    *   1: `study%1:04:00::` - a detailed critical inspection (synonym: survey).
    *   2: `study%1:06:00::` - a room used for reading and writing.
    *   3: `study%1:18:00::` - someone who memorizes quickly.
    *   4: `study%1:09:03::` - applying the mind to learning (process).
    *   5: `study%1:09:04::` - a state of deep mental absorption.
    *   6: `study%1:09:02::` - a branch of knowledge (discipline).
    *   7: `study%1:06:01::` - preliminary drawing (sketch).
    *   8: `study%1:10:00::` - a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (synonyms: report, written report).
    *   9: `study%1:09:01::` - attentive consideration and meditation.
    *   10: `study%1:10:01::` - a composition for technique (music).

    *   The context describes "studies" that were "carried out" and had "results."
    *   Sense 1 ("detailed critical inspection") is broad and could fit, but scientific trials are often documented as reports.
    *   Sense 8 ("a written document describing the findings") specifically refers to the report of the investigation.
    *   Wait, let's look closer at Sense 1 vs Sense 8.
    *   "A large number of studies... were carried out." Usually, the *investigation* is carried out, and the *report* is written.
    *   However, in common usage and WordNet's structure, "study" as a scientific investigation often maps to either the process of inspection (Sense 1) or the resulting report (Sense 8).
    *   Let's re-read Sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 8: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group".
    *   In the sentence "A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out", "carried out" strongly suggests the *process* of investigation rather than the *document* itself.
    *   However, "The results of the studies showed..." often refers to the findings documented in those studies.
    *   Let's check if there's a better sense for "scientific study/experiment".
    *   Looking at WordNet (via common knowledge of its structure), `study%1:04:00` (detailed critical inspection) is often used for the act of studying something systematically.
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 8 again.
    *   Sense 1: `study%1:04:00` (detailed critical inspection)
    *   Sense 8: `study%1:10:00` (written document describing findings)
    *   In medical contexts, "studies" usually refers to the clinical trials (the process/investigation).
    *   Example for Sense 8: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale". This refers to the published paper.
    *   Example for Sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection".
    *   Actually, looking at the context "carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients", this describes the *execution* of the research.
    *   Is "detailed critical inspection" the best fit for a clinical trial?
    *   Let's look at other options. None of the others (room, person, discipline, sketch, etc.) fit.
    *   Between 1 and 8:
        *   "Studies were carried out" -> Process (Sense 1).
        *   "Results of the studies showed" -> Could be either, but usually refers back to the investigations.
    *   Wait, let me double-check WordNet's `study%1:04:00`. In many versions of WordNet, `study%1:04:00` is the general term for a systematic investigation.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 8: "a written document describing the findings".
    *   If the text says "studies were carried out", it's almost certainly the investigation (Sense 1) rather than the document (Sense 8). You don't "carry out" a document; you "carry out" an inspection/investigation.

    *   Sense 1: detailed critical inspection.
    *   Sense 8: written document describing findings.
    *   Context: "studies... were carried out".
    *   Conclusion: Sense 1 is the process; Sense 8 is the report. "Carried out" implies the process.

    *   Wait, let me search for "study" in WordNet again.
    *   `study%1:04:00` (detailed critical inspection)
    *   `study%1:10:00` (written document describing the findings)
    *   In the context of "clinical studies", it's the investigation. "Carried out" is the key verb.

    *   Target: "studies"
    *   Context: "A large number of studies... were carried out"
    *   Sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection"
    *   Sense 8: "a written document describing the findings"
    *   "Carried out" matches "inspection/investigation" better than "document".

    *   Wait, let me think if "detailed critical inspection" is the best way to describe a clinical trial.
    *   A clinical trial is a systematic investigation. "Detailed critical inspection" is a bit narrow but is the closest match among the provided options for the *act* of conducting research.
    *   Let's check if Sense 8 is more common for "studies" in medical texts. Often, "the study showed" refers to the paper. But "studies were carried out" refers to the trials.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: "survey". A survey is a type of study.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 8: "report, written report".
    *   "A large number of reports... were carried out" (Incorrect)
    *   "A large number of inspections/surveys... were carried out" (Correct)

    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the most logical choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: result
Target surface form: results
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The <t>results</t> of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=result%1:10:01:: | definition=the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=resultant role
2. sense_key=result%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=solution, answer, resolution, solvent | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book
3. sense_key=result%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
4. sense_key=result%1:11:00:: | definition=something that results | synonyms=resultant, final result, outcome, termination | examples=he listened for the results on the radio

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `result`
    *   Target surface form: `results`
    *   Context: "The <t>results</t> of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `result%1:10:01::`: semantic role of the noun phrase (linguistic sense).
        2.  `result%1:10:00::`: a statement that solves a problem (solution/answer).
        3.  `result%1:19:00::`: a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon (consequence/effect/outcome).
        4.  `result%1:11:00::`: something that results (resultant/final result/outcome).

    *   The sentence is: "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo..."
    *   In the context of scientific studies, "results" refers to the data, findings, or outcomes obtained from the experiment.

    *   Sense 1: Linguistic role. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Solution/Answer to a problem. (Incorrect - while studies seek answers, "results" here refers to the findings/outcomes of the tests).
    *   Sense 3: A phenomenon caused by a previous phenomenon (consequence/effect). (Possible, but usually refers to a causal chain of events).
    *   Sense 4: Something that results (resultant, final result, outcome). Example: "he listened for the results on the radio". (This fits the context of findings from a test or study).

    *   Sense 3 (consequence/effect) vs. Sense 4 (outcome/resultant).
    *   Sense 3 is often used for the *effect* of an action (e.g., "the result of the crash was a traffic jam").
    *   Sense 4 is often used for the *outcome* of a process, test, or competition (e.g., "election results", "test results", "results on the radio").
    *   "The results of the studies" fits the pattern of "test results" or "experimental results".

    *   Sense 4: "something that results", synonyms: "resultant, final result, outcome, termination". Example: "he listened for the results on the radio".
    *   Sense 3: "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon", synonyms: "consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot". Example: "his decision had depressing consequences for business".

    In scientific contexts, "results" are the outcomes/findings of the study. Sense 4 is the most standard fit for "results of a study/test".

    *   Sense 1: No.
    *   Sense 2: No.
    *   Sense 3: No (too focused on causality/consequence).
    *   Sense 4: Yes (outcome of a process/test).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the <t>studies</t> showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
2. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
6. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing
7. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
8. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
9. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
10. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `study`
    *   Target surface form: `studies`
    *   Context: "The results of the <t>studies</t> showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo..."
    *   Surrounding context: "How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients..."

    *   Sense 1: Someone who memorizes quickly (person).
    *   Sense 2: Attentive consideration and meditation (process).
    *   Sense 3: A written document describing the findings of some individual or group (report/written report).
    *   Sense 4: A room used for reading/writing (place).
    *   Sense 5: Preliminary drawing (sketch).
    *   Sense 6: Composition for technique (music).
    *   Sense 7: Applying the mind to learning (process).
    *   Sense 8: A detailed critical inspection (survey).
    *   Sense 9: A branch of knowledge (discipline).
    *   Sense 10: A state of deep mental absorption (state).

    *   The context refers to "studies with Cerenia" that were "carried out" and produced "results" showing effectiveness compared to a placebo.
    *   This describes scientific research/investigations.
    *   Sense 3 ("a written document describing the findings") and Sense 8 ("a detailed critical inspection") are the closest.
    *   In scientific contexts, "studies" often refers to the research projects themselves or the reports documenting them.
    *   Looking at Sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (synonyms: report, written report).
    *   Looking at Sense 8: "a detailed critical inspection" (synonym: survey).
    *   Usually, when we talk about "the results of the studies," we are referring to the research investigations/reports. Sense 3 is the standard WordNet mapping for scientific studies/papers.

    *   "A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out..."
    *   "The results of the studies showed..."
    *   This fits the description of scientific research reports or the investigations themselves. Sense 3 is the most appropriate fit for "scientific study" in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: showed
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies <t>showed</t> that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show
2. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
3. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
4. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
5. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
6. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
7. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
8. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
9. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
10. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
11. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
12. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `show`
    *   Target surface form: `showed`
    *   Context: "The results of the studies <t>showed</t> that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo..."
    *   Meaning: The results of the studies provided evidence or demonstrated that the medicine was effective.

    *   Sense 1: Finish third or better in a race (horse/dog). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Make visible or noticeable. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Give an exhibition (demo, exhibit). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Show in a picture (depict, render). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment (prove, demonstrate, establish). (Strong candidate)
    *   Sense 6: Indicate a reading (gauges/instruments). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Be or become visible or noticeable. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: Give expression to (express, evince). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 9: Indicate a place, direction, person, or thing. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 10: Provide evidence for (testify, bear witness, prove, evidence). (Strong candidate)
    *   Sense 11: Give evidence of, as of records. (Possible, but "results of studies" usually fits "establish validity" or "provide evidence for").
    *   Sense 12: Take someone to their seats (usher). (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 5: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment" (Synonyms: prove, demonstrate, establish). Example: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound."
    *   Sense 10: "provide evidence for" (Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence). Example: "The blood test showed that he was the father."

    *   The context is "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo".
    *   This is a scientific context where studies are used to establish the effectiveness of a drug.
    *   Sense 5 specifically mentions "experiment" and "establish the validity of something".
    *   Sense 10 mentions "provide evidence for" and uses a "blood test" as an example.
    *   Comparing "The experiment demonstrated..." (Sense 5) and "The blood test showed..." (Sense 10).
    *   "The results of the studies showed that..." is very similar to "The experiment demonstrated that...".
    *   Wait, let's look closer at Sense 10: "provide evidence for".
    *   Let's look at Sense 5 again: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
    *   In scientific writing, "the results showed that..." usually means the data provided evidence for a conclusion.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 10 vs Sense 5.
    *   Sense 10: "The blood test showed that he was the father." (Direct evidence/proof).
    *   Sense 5: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound." (Establishing validity through experiment).
    *   The sentence "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo" is essentially saying the studies demonstrated the effectiveness.

    *   Sense 5: establish validity via experiment.
    *   Sense 10: provide evidence for.
    *   Sense 11: give evidence of, as of records.
    *   Usually, "results of studies" are used to *demonstrate* or *establish* a finding. Sense 5's example "The experiment demonstrated..." is a near-perfect match for "The results of the studies showed...".

    *   Sense 5: establish validity... by experiment.
    *   Sense 10: provide evidence for.
    *   In many WordNet-based datasets, "the results showed that" in a scientific context is mapped to the "demonstrate/establish" sense (Sense 5).

    *   Sense 5: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment.
    *   Sense 10: provide evidence for.
    *   The phrase "results of the studies showed that [conclusion]" is the classic way of stating a result that establishes a fact or validity of a hypothesis.

    *   Sense 5: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound"
    *   Context: "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo"
    *   These are structurally and semantically almost identical.

    *   Sense 10: "The blood test showed that he was the father"
    *   This is more about a specific test providing a piece of evidence/proof rather than a study establishing a general validity/effectiveness.

    *   Sense 5 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was <t>more</t> effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "more"
    *   Target surface form: "more"
    *   Context: "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was <t>more</t> effective than the placebo..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `more%4:02:00::`: used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs (synonyms: to a greater extent; examples: more interesting; more beautiful).
        2.  `more%4:02:01::`: comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent (examples: he works more now; they eat more than they should).

    *   The word "more" is used in the phrase "more effective".
    *   "Effective" is an adjective.
    *   "More" is modifying the adjective "effective" to create a comparative form.

    *   Sense 1: "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs". This fits perfectly. "More effective" is the comparative form of "effective".
    *   Sense 2: "comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent". This is used as an adverb or pronoun (e.g., "he works more"). In "more effective", "more" is not acting as the comparative of "much" in the sense of quantity/degree of an action, but as a marker for the comparative degree of the adjective "effective".

    *   The usage "more effective" clearly aligns with Sense 1 (forming the comparative of an adjective).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effective
Target surface form: effective
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more <t>effective</t> than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effective%3:00:00:: | definition=producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; -LewisMumford | synonyms=effectual, efficacious | examples=an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation; effective teaching methods
2. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=ready for service | examples=the fort was held by about 100 effective soldiers
3. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:actual:00 | definition=existing in fact; not theoretical; real | examples=a decline in the effective demand; confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done
4. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
5. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00 | definition=works well as a means or remedy | examples=an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat
6. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively; -G.B.Shaw | synonyms=efficient | examples=people who will do nothing unless they get something out of it for themselves are often highly effective persons...; effective personnel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "effective"
    *   Context: "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more <t>effective</t> than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo..."
    *   Meaning: The medicine (Cerenia) worked better than the placebo in treating/preventing vomiting.

    *   Sense 1: producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect (synonyms: effectual, efficacious). Example: effective teaching methods.
    *   Sense 2: ready for service (e.g., effective soldiers).
    *   Sense 3: existing in fact; not theoretical; real (e.g., effective demand).
    *   Sense 4: exerting force or influence (e.g., the law is effective immediately).
    *   Sense 5: works well as a means or remedy (e.g., a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat).
    *   Sense 6: able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively (synonyms: efficient) (e.g., effective personnel).

    *   The context is about a medicine (Cerenia) and its ability to treat/prevent vomiting compared to a placebo.
    *   Sense 1 is general ("producing an intended result").
    *   Sense 5 specifically mentions "works well as a means or remedy" and gives the example of a "lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat." This is a perfect match for a medicine treating a condition.

    *   Sense 1 is very similar to Sense 5. However, Sense 5's definition "works well as a means or remedy" is more specific to medical treatments/remedies.
    *   Sense 6 is about competence/efficiency of people or systems.
    *   Senses 2, 3, and 4 are clearly incorrect.

    *   Sense 5: "works well as a means or remedy" -> "Cerenia was more effective than the placebo" (Cerenia is a remedy for vomiting).

    *   Sense 1: "producing or capable of producing an intended result"
    *   Sense 5: "works well as a means or remedy"
    *   In medical contexts, "effective" usually maps to "efficacious" (Sense 1 synonym) or "works well as a remedy" (Sense 5). Sense 5 is the most precise fit for a drug's efficacy.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: placebo
Target surface form: placebo
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the <t>placebo</t>: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=placebo%1:06:00:: | definition=an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug
2. sense_key=placebo%1:04:00:: | definition=(Roman Catholic Church) vespers of the office for the dead

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "placebo"
    *   Target surface form: "placebo"
    *   Context: A text discussing the efficacy of a drug called Cerenia in dogs, comparing it to a "placebo" in studies to see if it reduces vomiting.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `placebo%1:06:00::`: an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug.
        2.  `placebo%1:04:00::`: (Roman Catholic Church) vespers of the office for the dead.

    *   The context is medical/veterinary research ("studies", "effective", "medicine", "vomiting", "dogs").
    *   The word "placebo" is used in the phrase "Cerenia was more effective than the placebo" and "dogs that received a placebo".
    *   This clearly refers to an inert substance used as a control in a clinical trial.

    *   Sense 1 matches the medical/experimental context perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 is a religious term and is completely irrelevant.

    *   The best sense index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: less
Target surface form: less
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: <t>less</t> vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=less%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=(usually preceded by `no') lower in quality | examples=no less than perfect
2. sense_key=less%5:00:00:fewer:00 | definition=(nonstandard in some uses but often idiomatic with measure phrases) fewer | examples=less than three weeks; no less than 50 people attended
3. sense_key=less%3:00:00:: | definition=(comparative of `little' usually used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning not as great in amount or degree | examples=of less importance; less time to spend with the family

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "less"
    *   Target surface form: "less"
    *   Context: "...less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `less%5:00:00:inferior:02`: lower in quality (usually preceded by 'no').
        2.  `less%5:00:00:fewer:00`: fewer (used with count nouns, often nonstandard).
        3.  `less%3:00:00::`: comparative of 'little', used with mass nouns, meaning not as great in amount or degree.

    *   The phrase is "less vomiting".
    *   "Vomiting" in this context is used as a mass noun (the act or amount of vomiting).
    *   The sentence compares the amount of vomiting in two groups (medicine vs. placebo).
    *   It means "a smaller amount of vomiting".

    *   Sense 1 (inferior quality): Does not fit. "Vomiting" isn't being judged by quality.
    *   Sense 2 (fewer): Used for countable items. "Vomiting" is not a countable noun here (you wouldn't say "fewer vomitings").
    *   Sense 3 (not as great in amount or degree): Fits perfectly. "Vomiting" is a mass noun, and the sentence refers to a smaller amount/degree of it.

    *   Sense 3 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: see
Target surface form: seen
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was <t>seen</t> in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=see%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=consider, reckon, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
2. sense_key=see%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight | examples=You have to be a good observer to see all the details; Can you see the bird in that tree?
3. sense_key=see%2:39:12:: | definition=go or live through | synonyms=experience, go through | examples=We had many trials to go through; he saw action in Viet Nam
4. sense_key=see%2:31:03:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
5. sense_key=see%2:41:10:: | definition=go to see a place, as for entertainment | synonyms=visit | examples=We went to see the Eiffel Tower in the morning
6. sense_key=see%2:41:12:: | definition=go to see for a social visit | examples=I went to see my friend Mary the other day
7. sense_key=see%2:31:13:: | definition=make sense of; assign a meaning to | synonyms=interpret, construe | examples=What message do you see in this letter?; How do you interpret his behavior?
8. sense_key=see%2:39:02:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
9. sense_key=see%2:33:00:: | definition=match or meet | examples=I saw the bet of one of my fellow players
10. sense_key=see%2:38:00:: | definition=come together | synonyms=meet, run into, encounter, run across, come across | examples=I'll probably see you at the meeting; How nice to see you again!
11. sense_key=see%2:31:02:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
12. sense_key=see%2:39:11:: | definition=observe as if with an eye | examples=The camera saw the burglary and recorded it
13. sense_key=see%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind | synonyms=visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy, figure | examples=I can't see him on horseback!; I can see what will happen
14. sense_key=see%2:41:11:: | definition=go to see for professional or business reasons | examples=You should see a lawyer; We had to see a psychiatrist
15. sense_key=see%2:35:09:: | definition=receive as a specified guest | examples=the doctor will see you now; The minister doesn't see anybody before noon
16. sense_key=see%2:31:01:: | definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realize, realise | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point
17. sense_key=see%2:39:13:: | definition=observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect | synonyms=examine | examples=The customs agent examined the baggage; I must see your passport before you can enter the country
18. sense_key=see%2:38:03:: | definition=accompany or escort | synonyms=escort | examples=I'll see you to the door
19. sense_key=see%2:39:03:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=watch, view, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
20. sense_key=see%2:31:08:: | definition=deliberate or decide | examples=See whether you can come tomorrow; let's see--which movie should we see tonight?
21. sense_key=see%2:41:14:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=attend, take care, look | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
22. sense_key=see%2:32:00:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
23. sense_key=see%2:41:00:: | definition=date regularly; have a steady relationship with | synonyms=go steady, go out, date | examples=Did you know that she is seeing an older man?; He is dating his former wife again!
24. sense_key=see%2:39:05:: | definition=see and understand, have a good eye | examples=The artist must first learn to see

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `see`
    *   Target surface form: `seen`
    *   Context: "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was <t>seen</t> in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo..."

    *   The sentence describes the results of a clinical study on a drug (Cerenia).
    *   "less vomiting was seen in dogs" means that the researchers observed or recorded fewer instances of vomiting.
    *   It's a formal/scientific context describing observations.

    *   1: deem to be (consider) - No.
    *   2: perceive by sight (basic vision) - Possible, but usually refers to the physical act of seeing.
    *   3: go or live through (experience) - No.
    *   4: be careful or certain to do something - No.
    *   5: go to see a place (visit) - No.
    *   6: go to see for a social visit - No.
    *   7: make sense of (interpret) - No.
    *   8: perceive or be contemporaneous with (witness, find) - "We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school." This fits the idea of observing a phenomenon or finding a result.
    *   9: match or meet - No.
    *   10: come together (meet) - No.
    *   11: get to know or become aware of (learn) - No.
    *   12: observe as if with an eye (camera) - No.
    *   13: imagine (visualize) - No.
    *   14: go to see for professional reasons - No.
    *   15: receive as a specified guest - No.
    *   16: perceive mentally (understand) - No.
    *   17: observe, check out, and look over carefully (examine) - No.
    *   18: accompany or escort - No.
    *   19: see or watch (view a show) - No.
    *   20: deliberate or decide - No.
    *   21: take charge of or deal with - No.
    *   22: find out, learn, or determine with certainty - No.
    *   23: date regularly - No.
    *   24: see and understand (artistic eye) - No.

    *   Sense 2: "perceive by sight" (basic vision).
    *   Sense 8: "perceive or be contemporaneous with" (synonyms: witness, find). Example: "We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school."
    *   In scientific writing, "was seen" often means "was observed" or "was found."
    *   Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 8: Sense 2 is the basic act of seeing. Sense 8 is more about witnessing a phenomenon or finding a result in a certain context. "Less vomiting was seen" is closer to "Less vomiting was observed/found."

    *   Sense 8: "perceive or be contemporaneous with" | synonyms=witness, find.
    *   Example: "You'll see a lot of cheating in this school" (meaning you'll find/witness it).
    *   Context: "less vomiting was seen in dogs" (meaning less vomiting was witnessed/found/observed).

    *   Sense 2 is very literal (seeing a bird in a tree).
    *   Sense 8 is more about observing a trend or occurrence.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 8 again. "perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find".
    *   Is there any other sense?
    *   Sense 12: "observe as if with an eye" (camera). No.
    *   Sense 17: "examine". No.
    *   Sense 19: "watch, view, catch, take in". No.

    *   "Less vomiting was seen" = "Less vomiting was observed/witnessed/found."
    *   Sense 8 fits "witness" and "find" well.

    *   Sense 2: "perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight"
    *   Sense 8: "perceive or be contemporaneous with" (witness, find)
    *   In the context of a study, "seen" is a synonym for "observed" or "found." Sense 8's synonyms "witness" and "find" align better with this usage than the basic visual perception of Sense 2.

    *   Sense 8: "perceive or be contemporaneous with" | synonyms=witness, find | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school.
    *   This matches the usage of "seen" in "less vomiting was seen" (meaning it was observed/found to occur).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dog
Target surface form: dogs
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in <t>dogs</t> that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dog%1:06:00:: | definition=a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward | synonyms=pawl, detent, click
2. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: | definition=a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds | synonyms=domestic dog, Canis familiaris | examples=the dog barked all night
3. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: | definition=informal term for a man | examples=you lucky dog
4. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: | definition=a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman | synonyms=frump | examples=she got a reputation as a frump; she's a real dog
5. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: | definition=a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll | synonyms=frank, frankfurter, hotdog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie
6. sense_key=dog%1:06:01:: | definition=metal supports for logs in a fireplace | synonyms=andiron, firedog, dog-iron | examples=the andirons were too hot to touch
7. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who is morally reprehensible | synonyms=cad, bounder, blackguard, hound, heel | examples=you dirty dog

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `dog`
    *   Target surface form: `dogs`
    *   Context: The text discusses "Cerenia," a medicine used to treat vomiting in "laboratory dogs," "animal patients at veterinary practises," and "dogs that received the medicine."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `dog%1:06:00::`: A hinged catch (mechanical).
        2.  `dog%1:05:00::`: A member of the genus Canis (domesticated animal).
        3.  `dog%1:18:00::`: Informal term for a man.
        4.  `dog%1:18:01::`: Unattractive woman.
        5.  `dog%1:13:01::`: Sausage (hotdog).
        6.  `dog%1:06:01::`: Metal supports for logs (andiron).
        7.  `dog%1:18:02::`: Morally reprehensible person.

    *   The context mentions "laboratory dogs," "veterinary practises," "vomiting," and "medicine."
    *   This clearly refers to the domesticated animal.

    *   Sense 2: "a member of the genus Canis... domesticated by man... occurs in many breeds." This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the <t>medicine</t> than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
2. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine
4. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `medicine`
    *   Target surface form: `medicine`
    *   Context: "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the <t>medicine</t> than in dogs that received a placebo..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `medicine%1:06:00::`: something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease (synonyms: medication, medicament, medicinal drug).
        2.  `medicine%1:04:00::`: the learned profession... (synonyms: practice of medicine).
        3.  `medicine%1:04:02::`: punishment for one's actions (synonyms: music).
        4.  `medicine%1:09:00::`: the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques (synonyms: medical specialty).

    *   The context discusses "Cerenia," which is described as blocking a receptor to treat/prevent vomiting in dogs.
    *   The sentence says "dogs that received the medicine," contrasting it with "dogs that received a placebo."
    *   This clearly refers to a substance (a drug/medication) used for treatment.

    *   Sense 1: "something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease" (medication, medicinal drug). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "the learned profession" (medical school). Does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: "punishment for one's actions". Does not fit.
    *   Sense 4: "branches of medical science". Does not fit.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dog
Target surface form: dogs
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in <t>dogs</t> that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: | definition=informal term for a man | examples=you lucky dog
2. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who is morally reprehensible | synonyms=cad, bounder, blackguard, hound, heel | examples=you dirty dog
3. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: | definition=a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll | synonyms=frank, frankfurter, hotdog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie
4. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: | definition=a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman | synonyms=frump | examples=she got a reputation as a frump; she's a real dog
5. sense_key=dog%1:06:01:: | definition=metal supports for logs in a fireplace | synonyms=andiron, firedog, dog-iron | examples=the andirons were too hot to touch
6. sense_key=dog%1:06:00:: | definition=a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward | synonyms=pawl, detent, click
7. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: | definition=a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds | synonyms=domestic dog, Canis familiaris | examples=the dog barked all night

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `dog`
    *   Target surface form: `dogs`
    *   Context: The text discusses "Cerenia," a medicine used to treat vomiting in "laboratory dogs," "animal patients at veterinary practises," and "dogs that received the medicine."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Informal term for a man.
        2.  Someone morally reprehensible.
        3.  A sausage (hotdog).
        4.  A dull unattractive woman.
        5.  Metal supports for logs (andiron).
        6.  A hinged catch (pawl).
        7.  A member of the genus Canis (domesticated dog).

    *   The context mentions "veterinary practises," "laboratory dogs," and "vomiting animals."
    *   This clearly refers to the animal (Canis familiaris).

    *   Sense 7: "a member of the genus Canis... domesticated by man... occurs in many breeds." This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: placebo
Target surface form: placebo
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a <t>placebo</t>, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=placebo%1:04:00:: | definition=(Roman Catholic Church) vespers of the office for the dead
2. sense_key=placebo%1:06:00:: | definition=an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "placebo"
    *   Target surface form: "placebo"
    *   Context: A text discussing the efficacy of a drug called Cerenia in dogs, comparing it to a "placebo" in studies to see if it reduces vomiting.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `placebo%1:04:00::` - (Roman Catholic Church) vespers of the office for the dead.
        2.  `placebo%1:06:00::` - an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug.

    *   The context is medical/veterinary research ("studies", "effective", "medicine", "vomiting", "dogs").
    *   The word "placebo" is used in the phrase "more effective than the placebo" and "dogs that received a placebo".
    *   This clearly refers to an inert substance used as a control in a clinical trial.

    *   Sense 1 is about a religious service.
    *   Sense 2 is about an inert medication used in experiments.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the <t>treatment</t> or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
2. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `treatment`
    *   Target surface form: `treatment`
    *   Context: "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the <t>treatment</t> or in the prevention of vomiting."
    *   Additional context: The text discusses a medicine (Cerenia) used for dogs to stop vomiting.

    *   Sense 1: `treatment%1:04:01::` - management of someone or something (handling). Example: handling of prisoners.
    *   Sense 2: `treatment%1:10:00::` - extended communication/discussion on a topic. Example: discussion of modal logic.
    *   Sense 3: `treatment%1:07:00::` - manner of dealing with something artistically. Example: treatment of space in architecture.
    *   Sense 4: `treatment%1:04:00::` - care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury). Synonym: intervention.

    *   The context is about a medicine (Cerenia) used to treat vomiting in dogs.
    *   The phrase "both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting" clearly refers to medical care/intervention to relieve a symptom (vomiting).
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The <t>treatment</t> of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
3. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased
4. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "treatment"
    *   Target surface form: "treatment"
    *   Context: "The <t>treatment</t> of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection..."
    *   Surrounding context: Mentions "Cerenia" (a medicine), "neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor", "vomiting", "placebo", "injection", "tablet".

    *   Sense 1: "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)" (Synonym: intervention)
    *   Sense 2: "a manner of dealing with something artistically" (Example: treatment of space in architecture)
    *   Sense 3: "an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic" (Synonyms: discussion, discourse)
    *   Sense 4: "the management of someone or something" (Synonym: handling; Example: treatment of water sewage)

    *   The context is clearly medical/veterinary.
    *   It discusses using a medicine (Cerenia) to stop vomiting in dogs.
    *   "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection..." refers to the medical care/procedure to relieve the illness (vomiting).
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.