[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: territory
Target surface form: territory
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national <t>territory</t> by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=territory%1:15:01:: | definition=the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state | synonyms=soil | examples=American troops were stationed on Japanese soil
2. sense_key=territory%1:15:00:: | definition=a region marked off for administrative or other purposes | synonyms=district, territorial dominion, dominion
3. sense_key=territory%1:09:00:: | definition=an area of knowledge or interest | examples=his questions covered a lot of territory

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `territory`
    *   Target surface form: `territory`
    *   Context: "...the fear of invasion of the national <t>territory</t> by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `territory%1:15:01::`: the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state (synonym: soil).
        2.  `territory%1:15:00::`: a region marked off for administrative or other purposes (synonyms: district, territorial dominion, dominion).
        3.  `territory%1:09:00::`: an area of knowledge or interest.

    *   The sentence mentions "invasion of the national territory".
    *   "National territory" refers to the land/geographical area of a country (France, in this context).
    *   "Invasion" implies crossing a border into a sovereign state's land.

    *   Sense 3 (area of knowledge) is clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (region marked off for administrative purposes) is too narrow or generic (like a school district or a sales territory).
    *   Sense 1 (geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state) fits perfectly with "national territory" and the concept of "invasion".

    *   Sense 1: "the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state" -> Matches "national territory".


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: horde
Target surface form: hordes
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by <t>hordes</t> of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=horde%1:14:00:: | definition=a vast multitude | synonyms=host, legion
2. sense_key=horde%1:14:01:: | definition=a moving crowd | synonyms=drove, swarm
3. sense_key=horde%1:14:02:: | definition=a nomadic community

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `horde`
    *   Target surface form: `hordes`
    *   Context: "...the fear of invasion of the national territory by <t>hordes</t> of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `horde%1:14:00::` - a vast multitude (synonyms: host, legion)
        2.  `horde%1:14:01::` - a moving crowd (synonyms: drove, swarm)
        3.  `horde%1:14:02::` - a nomadic community

    *   The sentence discusses the "fear of invasion" by "hordes of Polish plumbers."
    *   This is a metaphorical or hyperbolic use of "hordes" to describe a large number of people (immigrants/workers).
    *   It doesn't refer to a "nomadic community" (Sense 3).
    *   It doesn't specifically refer to a "moving crowd" in the sense of a physical mass of people moving together at one moment (Sense 2), but rather a large quantity/number of people arriving.
    *   "A vast multitude" (Sense 1) fits best as it describes a large number of people, often used in a slightly negative or overwhelming context (like "invasion").

    *   Sense 1: "a vast multitude" (host, legion). This fits the idea of a large, overwhelming number of people.
    *   Sense 2: "a moving crowd" (drove, swarm). While they are moving into the country, "hordes" here refers more to the sheer number (multitude) than the act of crowding/swarming in a specific physical location.
    *   Sense 3: "a nomadic community". Definitely not.

    *   In the context of "invasion... by hordes of [people]", the word "hordes" is typically used to emphasize the large, overwhelming number. "Vast multitude" is the most accurate description of this usage.

    *   Sense 1: vast multitude.
    *   Sense 2: moving crowd.
    *   Sense 3: nomadic community.
    *   The context "invasion... by hordes of Polish plumbers" implies a large number of people. Sense 1 is the most general and fitting for "a large number of people" in this hyperbolic sense.

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 2 ("moving crowd"). "Drove" and "swarm" are often used for people moving. However, "invasion" and "hordes" together strongly suggest a "vast multitude" (Sense 1).

    *   Let's look at the synonyms:
        *   Sense 1: host, legion.
        *   Sense 2: drove, swarm.
    *   "Legion" and "host" often carry the connotation of a large army or multitude, which fits "invasion" better than "drove" or "swarm" (which often imply animals or disorganized crowds).

    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: left
Target surface form: Left
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the <t>Left</t> and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=left%1:15:00:: | definition=location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east | examples=she stood on the left
2. sense_key=left%1:06:00:: | definition=the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's left | synonyms=left field | examples=the batter flied out to left
3. sense_key=left%1:08:00:: | definition=the hand that is on the left side of the body | synonyms=left hand | examples=jab with your left
4. sense_key=left%1:14:00:: | definition=those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare | synonyms=left wing
5. sense_key=left%1:04:00:: | definition=a turn toward the side of the body that is on the north when the person is facing east | examples=take a left at the corner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "left"
    *   Target surface form: "Left"
    *   Context: "There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject... the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the <t>Left</t> and on the Right."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Location/direction (left side).
        2.  Baseball (left field).
        3.  Hand (left hand).
        4.  Political (those who support social/political/economic change).
        5.  Turn (turn toward the left).

    *   The context mentions "the Left and the Right," "minister of the interior," "Jacques Chirac," "Michel Rocard," and "French economy and on French society."
    *   This clearly refers to political ideologies/groups.

    *   Sense 4: "those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare" (synonym: left wing). This matches the political context perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: Right
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the <t>Right</t>. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%1:06:00:: | definition=the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's right | synonyms=right field
2. sense_key=right%1:04:00:: | definition=a turn toward the side of the body that is on the south when the person is facing east | examples=take a right at the corner
3. sense_key=right%1:15:00:: | definition=location near or direction toward the right side; i.e. the side to the south when a person or object faces east | examples=he stood on the right
4. sense_key=right%1:08:00:: | definition=the hand that is on the right side of the body | synonyms=right hand | examples=he writes with his right hand but pitches with his left; hit him with quick rights to the body
5. sense_key=right%1:21:00:: | definition=(frequently plural) the interest possessed by law or custom in some intangible thing | examples=mineral rights; film rights
6. sense_key=right%1:07:00:: | definition=an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature; ; - Eleanor Roosevelt | examples=they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights; Certain rights can never be granted to the government but must be kept in the hands of the people
7. sense_key=right%1:07:01:: | definition=anything in accord with principles of justice | synonyms=rightfulness | examples=he feels he is in the right; the rightfulness of his claim
8. sense_key=right%1:14:00:: | definition=those who support political or social or economic conservatism; those who believe that things are better left unchanged | synonyms=right wing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `right`
    *   Target surface form: `Right`
    *   Context: "There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac... the fear of invasion... was felt both on the Left and on the <t>Right</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Right field (baseball)
        2.  A turn toward the right
        3.  Location/direction toward the right side
        4.  The right hand
        5.  Legal/customary interest (e.g., mineral rights)
        6.  Abstract idea of what is due (human rights)
        7.  Accordance with justice (rightfulness)
        8.  Supporters of political/social/economic conservatism (right wing)

    *   The context mentions "the Left and the Right," "Jacques Chirac," "Michel Rocard," and "political or social or economic conservatism."
    *   This clearly refers to the political spectrum.

    *   Sense 8: "those who support political or social or economic conservatism; those who believe that things are better left unchanged | synonyms=right wing"
    *   This matches the context perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: side
Target surface form: sides
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both <t>sides</t> see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=side%1:17:01:: | definition=an elevated geological formation | synonyms=slope, incline | examples=he climbed the steep slope; the house was built on the side of a mountain
2. sense_key=side%1:09:00:: | definition=an aspect of something (as contrasted with some other implied aspect) | examples=he was on the heavy side; he is on the purchasing side of the business
3. sense_key=side%1:11:00:: | definition=(sports) the spin given to a ball by striking it on one side or releasing it with a sharp twist | synonyms=English
4. sense_key=side%1:10:00:: | definition=an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute | synonyms=position | examples=there are two sides to every question
5. sense_key=side%1:13:00:: | definition=a lengthwise dressed half of an animal's carcass used for food | synonyms=side of meat
6. sense_key=side%1:15:02:: | definition=a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location | examples=they always sat on the right side of the church; he never left my side
7. sense_key=side%1:14:00:: | definition=one of two or more contesting groups | examples=the Confederate side was prepared to attack
8. sense_key=side%1:06:00:: | definition=an extended outer surface of an object | examples=he turned the box over to examine the bottom side; they painted all four sides of the house
9. sense_key=side%1:08:00:: | definition=either the left or right half of a body | examples=he had a pain in his side
10. sense_key=side%1:14:01:: | definition=a family line of descent | examples=he gets his brains from his father's side
11. sense_key=side%1:15:01:: | definition=a line segment forming part of the perimeter of a plane figure | examples=the hypotenuse of a right triangle is always the longest side
12. sense_key=side%1:15:00:: | definition=a surface forming part of the outside of an object | synonyms=face | examples=he examined all sides of the crystal; dew dripped from the face of the leaf

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `side`
    *   Target surface form: `sides`
    *   Context: "There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject... Both <t>sides</t> see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."
    *   Key entities: "the Left" and "the Right" (political factions).
    *   Usage: "Both sides" refers to the Left and the Right.

    *   1: Geological formation (slope) - No.
    *   2: Aspect of something - No.
    *   3: Spin on a ball - No.
    *   4: Opinion held in opposition (position) - Possible, but "sides" here refers to the groups holding the opinions.
    *   5: Carcass of animal - No.
    *   6: Place relative to center - No.
    *   7: One of two or more contesting groups - Yes. "The Left" and "the Right" are contesting political groups.
    *   8: Extended outer surface - No.
    *   9: Left or right half of body - No.
    *   10: Family line - No.
    *   11: Line segment of plane figure - No.
    *   12: Surface forming part of outside - No.

    *   Sense 4: "an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute" (synonym: position).
    *   Sense 7: "one of two or more contesting groups" (example: "the Confederate side was prepared to attack").

    In the sentence "Both sides see immigrants as a burden...", "sides" refers to the political entities (the Left and the Right) who *hold* the views. They are the groups, not the opinions themselves. Therefore, Sense 7 is the most accurate.

    *   Sense 7: "one of two or more contesting groups".
    *   Context: "the Left and the Right... Both sides".
    *   Match: Perfect.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a <t>burden</t> on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse
3. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
4. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `burden`
    *   Target surface form: `burden`
    *   Context: "Both sides see immigrants as a <t>burden</t> on the French economy and on French society."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `burden%1:09:01::`: an onerous or difficult concern (synonyms: load, encumbrance, onus; example: burden of responsibility).
        2.  `burden%1:09:00::`: the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse.
        3.  `burden%1:06:01::`: weight to be borne or conveyed (synonyms: load, loading).
        4.  `burden%1:10:00::`: the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work (synonyms: effect, essence, core, gist).

    *   The sentence says "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."
    *   In this context, "burden" refers to something that is perceived as a strain, a cost, or a difficult responsibility/concern for the economy and society.

    *   Sense 1: "an onerous or difficult concern" (load, encumbrance, onus). This fits well. Being a "burden on the economy" means being an onerous concern or a strain.
    *   Sense 2: "the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse." (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: "weight to be borne or conveyed" (load, loading). This usually refers to physical weight (e.g., a burden of bricks). While "burden" can be metaphorical, Sense 1 is specifically tailored to the "onerous concern" aspect.
    *   Sense 4: "the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work." (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 1 is the most appropriate for a metaphorical "burden" meaning a strain or an onerous responsibility/concern on a society or economy.

    *   Sense 1: `burden%1:09:01::`
    *   Sense 2: `burden%1:09:00::`
    *   Sense 3: `burden%1:06:01::`
    *   Sense 4: `burden%1:10:00::`
    *   The index for Sense 1 is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: economy
Target surface form: economy
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French <t>economy</t> and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=economy%1:14:00:: | definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption | synonyms=economic system
2. sense_key=economy%1:07:00:: | definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | synonyms=thriftiness | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy
3. sense_key=economy%1:09:01:: | definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort
4. sense_key=economy%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | synonyms=saving | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day; there was a saving of 50 cents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `economy`
    *   Target surface form: `economy`
    *   Context: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French <t>economy</t> and on French society."
    *   Surrounding context: Mentions "economic viewpoint", "unemployed", "foreign workers", "burden on the French economy".

    *   Sense 1: `economy%1:14:00::` - the system of production and distribution and consumption (synonym: economic system).
    *   Sense 2: `economy%1:07:00::` - frugality in the expenditure of money or resources (synonym: thriftiness).
    *   Sense 3: `economy%1:09:01::` - the efficient use of resources (example: economy of effort).
    *   Sense 4: `economy%1:04:00::` - an act of economizing; reduction in cost (synonym: saving).

    *   The sentence "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy" refers to the national economic system of France (production, distribution, consumption, labor market, etc.).
    *   Sense 1 (economic system) fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 (thriftiness) does not fit.
    *   Sense 3 (efficient use of resources) does not fit.
    *   Sense 4 (saving/reduction in cost) does not fit.

    *   The target word "economy" in "French economy" clearly refers to the economic system of the country. This matches Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: society
Target surface form: society
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French <t>society</t>. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=society%1:14:01:: | definition=a formal association of people with similar interests | synonyms=club, social club, guild, gild, lodge, order | examples=he joined a golf club; they formed a small lunch society
2. sense_key=society%1:14:00:: | definition=an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
3. sense_key=society%1:14:02:: | definition=the fashionable elite | synonyms=high society, beau monde, smart set, bon ton
4. sense_key=society%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=company, companionship, fellowship | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `society`
    *   Target surface form: `society`
    *   Context: "...Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French <t>society</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `society%1:14:01::`: a formal association of people with similar interests (club, guild).
        2.  `society%1:14:00::`: an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization.
        3.  `society%1:14:02::`: the fashionable elite (high society).
        4.  `society%1:26:00::`: the state of being with someone (company, companionship).

    *   The sentence discusses immigrants as a burden on the "French economy and on French society."
    *   "French society" here refers to the overall community, the people, the cultural and social structure of France.
    *   It does not refer to a specific club (Sense 1), the high-society elite (Sense 3), or the act of being in someone's company (Sense 4).
    *   It fits the definition of "an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization" (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: Club/Association (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Extended social group/Community (Correct)
    *   Sense 3: High society/Elite (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Companionship (Incorrect)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: difference
Target surface form: difference
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only <t>difference</t> resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean
2. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference
3. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder
4. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
5. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `difference`
    *   Context: "The only <t>difference</t> resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses consensus between the Left and Right on immigration (both see it as a burden). It states that the only thing that distinguishes them is the "degree of generosity."

    *   Sense 1: a variation that deviates from the standard or norm (deviation, divergence).
    *   Sense 2: a significant change (e.g., "the difference in her is amazing").
    *   Sense 3: the number that remains after subtraction (mathematical).
    *   Sense 4: the quality of being unlike or dissimilar (e.g., "differences between jazz and rock").
    *   Sense 5: a disagreement or argument (dispute, conflict).

    *   The text says "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity."
    *   This means the only *distinguishing feature* or *point of dissimilarity* between the Left and the Right in this specific context is the degree of generosity.
    *   It is not a mathematical subtraction (Sense 3).
    *   It is not a "significant change" over time (Sense 2).
    *   It is not a "deviation from a norm" (Sense 1).
    *   It is not a "disagreement/argument" (Sense 5) - although they are political opponents, the word "difference" here refers to the *distinction* between their positions, not the act of arguing.
    *   It fits Sense 4: "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar." The Left and Right are similar in many ways (consensus), but they are *unlike* in the degree of generosity.

    *   Sense 4: "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar" / "there are many differences between jazz and rock".
    *   In the context: "The only difference [between the Left and the Right] resides in the degree of generosity." This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: degree
Target surface form: degree
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the <t>degree</t> of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree; a second degree burn
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
4. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | synonyms=academic degree | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
7. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `degree`
    *   Target surface form: `degree`
    *   Context: "The only difference resides in the <t>degree</t> of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Seriousness (e.g., murder in the second degree).
        2.  Specific identifiable position in a continuum/series/process (synonyms: level, stage, point).
        3.  Position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality (synonyms: grade, level).
        4.  Academic award.
        5.  Highest power of a term (math).
        6.  Measure for arcs and angles.
        7.  Unit of temperature.

    *   The phrase is "the degree of generosity".
    *   "Generosity" is a quality.
    *   "Degree of generosity" refers to how much generosity is being shown (the amount or intensity of the quality).

    *   Sense 1: Seriousness (burns, crimes) - No.
    *   Sense 2: Specific identifiable position in a continuum/series/process (level, stage, point). Example: "a remarkable degree of frankness".
    *   Sense 3: Position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality (grade, level). Example: "a moderate grade of intelligence".
    *   Sense 4: Academic degree - No.
    *   Sense 5: Math power - No.
    *   Sense 6: Angles - No.
    *   Sense 7: Temperature - No.

    *   Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" (synonyms: level, stage, point). Example: "a remarkable degree of frankness".
    *   Sense 3: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" (synonyms: grade, level). Example: "a moderate grade of intelligence".

    *   "Generosity" is a quality.
    *   "Degree of generosity" describes the *amount* or *intensity* of that quality.
    *   Sense 3 specifically mentions "intensity or amount or quality".
    *   Sense 2 mentions "continuum or series or especially in a process".

    Let's look at the examples again:
    Sense 2: "a remarkable degree of frankness" (Frankness is a quality).
    Sense 3: "a moderate grade of intelligence" (Intelligence is a quality).

    Wait, Sense 2 and Sense 3 are very similar. Let's re-read the definitions carefully.
    Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"
    Sense 3: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"

    "Degree of generosity" fits "position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" (Sense 3) very well.
    Does it fit "specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" (Sense 2)? Not as well as Sense 3.

    Let's check WordNet's typical usage for these.
    Sense 3 (degree%1:07:00) is often used for "amount" or "extent".
    Sense 2 (degree%1:26:01) is often used for "stage" or "step".

    In "degree of generosity", we are talking about the *extent* or *amount* of generosity.

    Sense 3: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"
    Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"

    "Generosity" is a quality. The "degree of generosity" is the amount/intensity of that quality. This aligns perfectly with Sense 3.

    Let's double-check Sense 2's example: "a remarkable degree of frankness". Frankness is also a quality. This makes it tricky.
    However, Sense 3's definition explicitly mentions "intensity or amount or quality".

    Let's look at the synonyms:
    Sense 2: level, stage, point.
    Sense 3: grade, level.

    Actually, looking at WordNet (the source of these glosses), `degree%1:07:00` (Sense 3) is the most general sense for "extent" or "amount".

    Let's re-evaluate:
    "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity..."
    This means "how much generosity".

    Sense 3: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"
    Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"

    Sense 3 is the better fit for "amount of a quality".

    Wait, let me look at the sense keys provided:
    1. degree%1:07:01 (seriousness)
    2. degree%1:26:01 (position in continuum/series/process)
    3. degree%1:07:00 (position on scale of intensity/amount/quality)

    Comparing 2 and 3 again:
    Sense 3 (degree%1:07:00) is the standard sense for "extent" (e.g., "to a certain degree", "a high degree of...").
    Sense 2 (degree%1:26:01) is more about a "step" or "stage".

    "Degree of generosity" = "Extent of generosity".
    This is Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generosity
Target surface form: generosity
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of <t>generosity</t>, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generosity%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time | synonyms=generousness
2. sense_key=generosity%1:04:00:: | definition=acting generously | synonyms=unselfishness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `generosity`
    *   Target surface form: `generosity`
    *   Context: The text discusses political views on immigration in France. It mentions that both the Left and Right see immigrants as a burden, but they differ in the "degree of generosity" they are willing to grant to immigrants.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `generosity%1:07:00::`: the trait of being willing to give your money or time (synonym: generousness).
        2.  `generosity%1:04:00::`: acting generously (synonym: unselfishness).

    *   The context refers to the "degree of generosity" a political party or leader "deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   This refers to the *trait* or *quality* of being generous (willing to provide resources, rights, or acceptance) rather than the specific *act* of acting generously in a single instance.
    *   Sense 1 focuses on the "trait of being willing to give," which fits the description of a political stance or a general disposition ("degree of generosity").
    *   Sense 2 focuses on "acting generously" (the act itself).

    *   Sense 1: "the trait of being willing to give your money or time" (broadly, the quality of generosity).
    *   Sense 2: "acting generously" (the behavior/action).
    *   The phrase "degree of generosity" strongly suggests a quality or trait (a measurable characteristic of a policy or person) rather than a specific action.

    *   Sense 1 is the trait/quality.
    *   Sense 2 is the act.
    *   "Degree of generosity" refers to the trait.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his <t>program</t>, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
2. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
3. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
4. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
5. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
6. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours
7. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
8. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `program`
    *   Target surface form: `program`
    *   Context: "In his <t>program</t>, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."
    *   Surrounding context: Discussion of political views (Right vs. Left), Jacques Chirac, Michel Rocard, François Hollande, immigration, electoral assets.

    *   Sense 1: Academic studies (curriculum).
    *   Sense 2: Radio/TV show.
    *   Sense 3: System of projects/services for public need (e.g., public works).
    *   Sense 4: Computer science (code).
    *   Sense 5: Series of steps/goals (general plan).
    *   Sense 6: Performance at a public presentation.
    *   Sense 7: Document stating aims/principles of a political party (platform).
    *   Sense 8: Announcement of events (theatrical/sporting).

    *   The context mentions François Hollande (a politician) and his views on immigration in the context of political parties (Left and Right).
    *   "In his program" refers to the set of goals, policies, or principles he is proposing as a political figure.
    *   Sense 7 specifically mentions "a document stating the aims and principles of a political party" and synonyms "platform, political platform, political program." This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 5 (general plan) is close, but Sense 7 is more specific to the political context provided.
    *   Sense 3 (public services) is about the implementation of services, whereas "program" here refers to the political platform/manifesto.

    *   Sense 7 is the most precise fit for a politician's "program" in the context of electoral assets and party lines.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration <t>problem</t> to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `problem`
    *   Target surface form: `problem`
    *   Context: "...saying that co-development would allow our immigration <t>problem</t> to be solved." and "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `problem%1:09:00::`: a source of difficulty (synonym: trouble)
        2.  `problem%1:10:00::`: a question raised for consideration or solution (e.g., homework problems)
        3.  `problem%1:26:00::`: a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved (synonym: job)

    *   The text discusses immigration as a "burden" and a "problem" that needs to be "solved."
    *   It's not a mathematical or academic question (eliminating sense 2).
    *   It's not just a "source of difficulty" (like a broken car or a specific obstacle), but rather a broader "state of difficulty" or a systemic issue that needs resolution.
    *   Comparing sense 1 ("source of difficulty") and sense 3 ("state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"):
        *   Sense 1: "what's the problem?" (often refers to a specific cause of trouble).
        *   Sense 3: "she and her husband are having problems" (refers to a situation/state of difficulty).
    *   In the context of "immigration problem to be solved," it refers to the overall situation/state of affairs regarding immigration that is perceived as problematic.

    *   Sense 1: Source of difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: State of difficulty that needs to be resolved.
    *   The phrase "immigration problem" usually refers to the situation/state of affairs. "Solved" fits well with "state of difficulty that needs to be resolved."

    *   Sense 1: "a source of difficulty" (trouble).
    *   Sense 3: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (job).
    *   Wait, looking at the examples for Sense 3: "she and her husband are having problems" (relational/situational difficulty).
    *   Looking at Sense 1: "one trouble after another delayed the job".
    *   "Immigration problem" is a systemic issue. Is it a "source of difficulty" or a "state of difficulty"?
    *   Usually, "the problem of [X]" refers to the situation as a whole.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
    *   Sense 1: "a source of difficulty".
    *   Sense 3: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
    *   The context says "immigration problem to be solved." This aligns strongly with "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved."

    *   Sense 1: "what's the problem?" (often a specific cause).
    *   Sense 3: "having problems" (a general state of difficulty).
    *   "Immigration problem" is a general state/situation.

    *   Sense 1: source of difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: state of difficulty.
    *   "Immigration problem" is more of a state/situation than a single source.

    *   Sense 1: `problem%1:09:00::`
    *   Sense 2: `problem%1:10:00::`
    *   Sense 3: `problem%1:26:00::`
    *   The context "immigration problem to be solved" fits Sense 3 best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: notion
Target surface form: notion
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This <t>notion</t> of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: | definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
2. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
3. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions
4. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: | definition=a general inclusive concept

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `notion`
    *   Target surface form: `notion`
    *   Context: "This <t>notion</t> of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `notion%1:09:01::`: an odd or fanciful or capricious idea (whim, whimsy).
        2.  `notion%1:09:02::`: a vague idea in which some confidence is placed (impression, feeling, belief, opinion).
        3.  `notion%1:06:00::`: small personal articles or clothing or sewing items.
        4.  `notion%1:09:00::`: a general inclusive concept.

    *   The sentence refers to "the notion of immigration being a burden and a problem".
    *   This is a conceptual idea or a belief held by political parties (the Left and the Right).
    *   It's not a "whim" (sense 1).
    *   It's not "sewing items" (sense 3).
    *   Is it a "vague idea/belief/opinion" (sense 2) or a "general inclusive concept" (sense 4)?

    *   Sense 2: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" (synonyms: impression, feeling, belief, opinion).
    *   Sense 4: "a general inclusive concept".

    *   The text says: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden... This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem..."
    *   The "notion" here is the specific idea/belief that immigration is a burden.
    *   While "concept" (sense 4) could fit, "belief" or "opinion" (sense 2) fits better because it's a specific viewpoint held by political actors.
    *   However, let's look at how "notion" is typically used in this academic/political critique context. "The notion that X is Y" often refers to a conceptualization or a belief.
    *   Comparing "general inclusive concept" (sense 4) vs "vague idea/belief/opinion" (sense 2).
    *   "Immigration being a burden" is more of a belief or a conceptual framework than a "general inclusive concept" (which usually refers to something like "the notion of justice" or "the notion of freedom").
    *   Wait, let's re-read sense 2: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed". Is the idea that immigration is a burden "vague"? Not necessarily. Is it a "belief" or "opinion"? Yes.
    *   Let's re-read sense 4: "a general inclusive concept".
    *   In many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "notion" meaning "idea" or "belief" is often mapped to the general concept sense if it's a conceptualization.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for sense 2: impression, feeling, belief, opinion.
    *   Let's look at the context again: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden... This notion... may be an electoral asset". This strongly suggests a belief or a prevailing idea.

    *   Sense 2: belief, opinion.
    *   Sense 4: general inclusive concept.
    *   "The notion of immigration being a burden" = "The belief that immigration is a burden".
    *   Is it a "general inclusive concept"? Not really. It's a specific claim/belief.

    *   Sense 1: Whim (No)
    *   Sense 2: Belief/Opinion (Yes)
    *   Sense 3: Sewing (No)
    *   Sense 4: General concept (Maybe, but less precise than belief/opinion here).

    *   "The notion that..." is a very common way to introduce a belief or a premise.
    *   Sense 2's synonyms "belief, opinion" fit perfectly.

    *   Sense 2: `notion%1:09:02::`
    *   Sense 4: `notion%1:09:00::`
    *   Looking at WordNet's hierarchy:
        *   `notion%1:09:00` (concept) is the superordinate of `notion%1:09:02` (belief/opinion).
        *   Usually, the most specific sense is preferred. "Immigration being a burden" is a specific belief/opinion.

    *   Wait, let me double-check the "vague" part of sense 2. "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed". Is the political stance "vague"? Not necessarily.
    *   Let's look at sense 4 again: "a general inclusive concept".
    *   Actually, in many contexts, "the notion of [X]" where X is a proposition (like "immigration being a burden") is treated as a "concept" or "idea".
    *   Let's compare:
        *   "The notion of justice" -> Concept (Sense 4).
        *   "The notion that the earth is flat" -> Belief (Sense 2).
        *   "The notion of immigration being a burden" -> This is a proposition/belief.

    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.

    *   Sense 1: whim (No)
    *   Sense 2: belief/opinion (Yes)
    *   Sense 3: sewing (No)
    *   Sense 4: general concept (No)

    *   Wait, let me re-read the candidate senses provided in the prompt.
    *   1: odd/fanciful idea
    *   2: vague idea/belief/opinion
    *   3: sewing items
    *   4: general inclusive concept

    *   The context "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem" refers to the belief held by the Left and Right. This aligns best with "belief, opinion" in sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a <t>burden</t> and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `burden`
    *   Target surface form: `burden`
    *   Context: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society... This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `burden%1:09:00::`: central idea expanded in a document/discourse.
        2.  `burden%1:06:01::`: weight to be borne or conveyed (physical load).
        3.  `burden%1:10:00::`: central meaning or theme of a speech/literary work.
        4.  `burden%1:09:01::`: an onerous or difficult concern (load, encumbrance, onus).

    *   The context describes immigrants as a "burden on the French economy and on French society."
    *   It links "burden" with "problem."
    *   It discusses the economic impact (positive vs. negative).
    *   This is not a physical weight (sense 2).
    *   This is not the central theme of a document or speech (senses 1 and 3).
    *   This is a metaphorical "weight" or "onerous concern" (sense 4).

    *   Sense 4: "an onerous or difficult concern" with synonyms like "load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus."
    *   Example: "the burden of responsibility."
    *   In the context "burden on the French economy," it refers to something that is seen as a cost, a strain, or a difficult concern. This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `problem`
    *   Target surface form: `problem`
    *   Context: "...saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." and "This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>, may be an electoral asset..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `problem%1:09:00::`: a source of difficulty (synonym: trouble)
        2.  `problem%1:10:00::`: a question raised for consideration or solution (e.g., homework problems)
        3.  `problem%1:26:00::`: a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved (synonym: job)

    *   The text discusses immigration as a "burden" and a "problem" that needs to be "solved."
    *   It's referring to a societal/political issue (immigration) that is perceived as causing difficulty or needing a resolution.

    *   Sense 1: "a source of difficulty" (e.g., "what's the problem?"). This fits well.
    *   Sense 2: "a question raised for consideration or solution" (e.g., math problems). This is too academic/formal in the sense of a puzzle or exercise.
    *   Sense 3: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (e.g., "having problems"). This also fits.

    *   Sense 1 (source of difficulty) vs. Sense 3 (state of difficulty).
    *   "Immigration problem" usually refers to the *situation* or the *issue* (the state of difficulty) rather than a specific *source* of difficulty (though the immigrants themselves are being framed as the source in the text, the "problem" is the overall situation).
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "one trouble after another delayed the job" (source of delay).
        *   Sense 3: "she and her husband are having problems" (state of difficulty).
    *   In the context "immigration problem to be solved" and "immigration being a burden and a problem", it describes a systemic issue or a state of affairs that is problematic.
    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate Sense 1. "A source of difficulty" often maps to "trouble". "Immigration is a problem" -> "Immigration is a source of difficulty".
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 3. "A state of difficulty that needs to be resolved". "The immigration problem" -> "The state of difficulty regarding immigration that needs to be resolved".

    *   Sense 1: `problem%1:09:00` (source of difficulty)
    *   Sense 3: `problem%1:26:00` (state of difficulty)
    *   In many WordNet-based datasets, "social problems" or "political problems" are often mapped to the "state of difficulty" or "source of difficulty".
    *   Let's look at the synonyms. Sense 1: trouble. Sense 3: job.
    *   "Immigration is a trouble" (doesn't sound right). "Immigration is a job" (definitely not).
    *   Wait, the synonym "job" for Sense 3 is very specific ("it is always a job to contact him").
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "a source of difficulty". "Immigration is a source of difficulty". This fits the "burden" description well.

    *   Sense 1: source of difficulty.
    *   Sense 2: question/exercise.
    *   Sense 3: state of difficulty.
    *   "Immigration problem" is a common phrase for a societal issue.
    *   Comparing "source of difficulty" (1) and "state of difficulty" (3).
    *   If someone says "the problem is X", X is the source. If someone says "we have a problem", they are in a state of difficulty.
    *   The text says "our immigration problem to be solved" and "immigration being a burden and a problem".
    *   This suggests that immigration (the phenomenon) is being characterized as the problem. Therefore, it is the *source* of the difficulty.

    *   Sense 1: `problem%1:09:00` (source of difficulty)
    *   Sense 3: `problem%1:26:00` (state of difficulty)
    *   Actually, looking at common WSD patterns for "social problem", it often aligns with "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" or "a source of difficulty".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 1: "a source of difficulty". Example: "what's the problem?"
    *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved". Example: "she and her husband are having problems".
    *   "Immigration problem" is more like a "state of difficulty" (the situation) than a single "source" (though the text frames immigration as the source).
    *   However, "burden" is a strong synonym for "source of difficulty".

    *   Sense 1: source of difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: state of difficulty.
    *   In the phrase "immigration problem", "immigration" modifies "problem". The "problem" is the difficulty caused by immigration.
    *   If the "problem" is the "state of difficulty", then "immigration problem" = "the state of difficulty related to immigration".
    *   If the "problem" is the "source of difficulty", then "immigration problem" = "the source of difficulty which is immigration".
    *   The text says "immigration being a burden and a problem". This equates immigration with the problem. This points strongly to Sense 1 (the source).

    *   Sense 1: source of difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: state of difficulty.
    *   Example for Sense 3: "she and her husband are having problems". This refers to marital strife (a state of difficulty).
    *   Example for Sense 1: "one trouble after another delayed the job". This refers to specific things that caused delays (sources of difficulty).
    *   "Immigration" in this context is being treated as the thing causing the trouble (the burden).

    *   Sense 1: source of difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: state of difficulty.
    *   Wait, "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (Sense 3) fits "immigration problem to be solved" very well.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms again. Sense 1: trouble. Sense 3: job.
    *   "Immigration is a trouble" (No). "Immigration is a job" (No).
    *   Wait, "trouble" as a synonym for "source of difficulty" (Sense 1) is very common. "What's the trouble?" = "What's the problem?".
    *   Let's try Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: source of difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: state of difficulty.
    *   If I say "The problem is the lack of funding", the lack of funding is the *source*.
    *   If I say "We have a funding problem", the "funding problem" is the *state* of having insufficient funds.
    *   "Immigration problem" is like "funding problem". It's the state of difficulty.

    *   Sense 1: source of difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: state of difficulty.
    *   "Immigration being a burden and a problem".
    *   If immigration is the problem, it is the source.
    *   If the "immigration problem" is the state, then the state is the problem.
    *   This is subtle. Let's look at the examples again.
    *   Sense 1: "what's the problem?" (asking for the source of the trouble).
    *   Sense 3: "she and her husband are having problems" (they are in a state of difficulty).
    *   "Our immigration problem" sounds more like "having problems" (Sense 3) than "what is the problem?" (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: source of difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: state of difficulty.
    *   Actually, in many WordNet versions, "social problem" is categorized under the "state of difficulty" sense.
    *   Let's double-check the "burden" part. "Immigration being a burden and a problem".
    *   A burden is a source of difficulty.
    *   If "problem" is used as a synonym for "burden", Sense 1 is better.

    *   Sense 1: source of difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: state of difficulty.
    *   "Immigration problem to be solved" -> Sense 3 (state of difficulty that needs to be resolved).
    *   "Immigration being a burden and a problem" -> Sense 1 (source of difficulty).
    *   The prompt asks for the sense of the word in the second instance ("...burden and a <t>problem</t>"), but the context includes the first instance ("immigration problem to be solved").
    *   In "burden and a problem", "problem" is parallel to "burden". A burden is something that causes hardship (a source).

    *   Sense 1: source of difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: state of difficulty.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 3 again: "she and her husband are having problems". This is plural. "It is always a job to contact him". This is singular.
    *   The synonym "job" for Sense 3 is very weird. "It is always a job to contact him" means it's a difficult task.
    *   Is "immigration" a "job" (difficult task)? No.
    *   Is "immigration" a "trouble" (source of difficulty)? Yes, in the context of the text.

    *   Sense 1: source of difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: state of difficulty.
    *   If the text says "immigration is a problem", it means immigration is the *cause* of the difficulty.
    *   Sense 1: "a source of difficulty".
    *   This seems the most fitting.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: book
Target surface form: book
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=book%1:10:00:: | definition=a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together) | examples=I am reading a good book on economics
2. sense_key=book%1:10:02:: | definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | synonyms=record, record book | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'; his name is in all the record books
3. sense_key=book%1:14:00:: | definition=a collection of rules or prescribed standards on the basis of which decisions are made | synonyms=rule book | examples=they run things by the book around here
4. sense_key=book%1:10:05:: | definition=the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | synonyms=Koran, Quran, al-Qur'an
5. sense_key=book%1:21:00:: | definition=a record in which commercial accounts are recorded | synonyms=ledger, leger, account book, book of account | examples=they got a subpoena to examine our books
6. sense_key=book%1:14:01:: | definition=a collection of playing cards satisfying the rules of a card game
7. sense_key=book%1:10:03:: | definition=a major division of a long written composition | examples=the book of Isaiah
8. sense_key=book%1:06:00:: | definition=physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together | synonyms=volume | examples=he used a large book as a doorstop
9. sense_key=book%1:10:04:: | definition=the sacred writings of the Christian religions | synonyms=Bible, Christian Bible, Good Book, Holy Scripture, Holy Writ, Scripture | examples=he went to carry the Word to the heathen
10. sense_key=book%1:06:02:: | definition=a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together on one edge | examples=he bought a book of stamps
11. sense_key=book%1:10:01:: | definition=a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance | synonyms=script, playscript

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `book`
    *   Target surface form: `book`
    *   Context: "...As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus..."

    *   Sense 1: a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together). Example: "I am reading a good book on economics".
    *   Sense 2: a compilation of known facts (record book).
    *   Sense 3: a collection of rules (rule book).
    *   Sense 4: the Koran.
    *   Sense 5: a record of commercial accounts (ledger).
    *   Sense 6: a collection of playing cards.
    *   Sense 7: a major division of a long written composition (e.g., Book of Isaiah).
    *   Sense 8: physical objects consisting of pages bound together (volume).
    *   Sense 9: the Bible.
    *   Sense 10: a number of sheets (stamps, tickets).
    *   Sense 11: a script for a play.

    *   The context mentions a "recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration".
    *   It provides a title: "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   It mentions a publisher: "Princeton University Press".
    *   It mentions page count: "352 pp.".
    *   This clearly refers to a published written work on a specific subject (economics/immigration).

    *   Sense 1 ("a written work or composition that has been published") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 8 ("physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together") refers more to the physical object (the volume) rather than the intellectual work/composition. The context emphasizes the content ("summarising the most recent knowledge") and the publication details. Sense 1 is the standard sense for a published non-fiction work.

    *   Sense 1: "a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)" - Matches.
    *   Sense 8: "physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together" - Less fitting than Sense 1 because the focus is on the work/composition.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: immigration
Target surface form: immigration
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t> (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=immigration%1:04:00:: | definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) | synonyms=in-migration
2. sense_key=immigration%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "immigration"
    *   Target surface form: "immigration"
    *   Context: "...summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t> (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future...)"
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `immigration%1:04:00::`: migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)
        2.  `immigration%1:14:00::`: the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval

    *   The sentence is: "As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t>..."
    *   The book title is "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   The context discusses the general phenomenon, the economic impact, and the general concept of people moving from one country to another.
    *   Sense 1 refers to the *process* or *phenomenon* of migration into a place.
    *   Sense 2 refers to the *group of people* (the body of immigrants) arriving during a specific time.

    *   "knowledge of immigration" refers to the knowledge of the *phenomenon* or *process* of people moving into a country, not knowledge of a specific group of people arriving in a specific interval.
    *   The surrounding text discusses "migration flows", "economic growth", and "restraining immigration", all of which point to the general process/phenomenon.

    *   Sense 1: migration into a place (general process).
    *   Sense 2: the body of immigrants (specific group/interval).
    *   The context clearly refers to the general process/phenomenon.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: People
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional <t>People</t>: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
2. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
3. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people
4. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "people"
    *   Target surface form: "People"
    *   Context: "...summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional <t>People</t>: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.)..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `people%1:14:02`: members of a family line.
        2.  `people%1:14:00`: (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively.
        3.  `people%1:14:03`: the common people generally (masses).
        4.  `people%1:14:01`: the body of citizens of a state or country (citizenry).

    *   The word "People" appears in the title of a book: "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   The context discusses immigration, migration flows, and the impact of immigrants on economic growth.
    *   "Exceptional People" in this context refers to the individuals who migrate—the human beings moving from one place to another.

    *   Sense 1 (family line): Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2 (any group of human beings): This fits. Immigrants are human beings. "Exceptional People" refers to the individuals/groups of people who migrate.
    *   Sense 3 (common people/masses): While immigrants might be seen as "the masses," the title "Exceptional People" suggests a focus on the individuals or the general category of human beings who migrate, rather than a class-based distinction like "the hoi polloi."
    *   Sense 4 (citizenry of a state): The book is about migration *between* states, not the citizenry of a single state.

    *   The book title "Exceptional People" refers to the migrants themselves as human beings. Sense 2 is the most general and accurate description for "people" when referring to individuals or groups of humans.

    *   Sense 2: `(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively`. This is the standard plural of "person" and fits perfectly here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: migration
Target surface form: Migration
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How <t>Migration</t> Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=migration%1:04:00:: | definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
2. sense_key=migration%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
3. sense_key=migration%1:11:01:: | definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
4. sense_key=migration%1:11:00:: | definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `migration`
    *   Target surface form: `Migration`
    *   Context: A text discussing immigrants, the French economy, and a book titled "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `migration%1:04:00::`: the movement of persons from one country or locality to another.
        2.  `migration%1:14:00::`: a group of people migrating together.
        3.  `migration%1:11:01::`: (chemistry) movement of an atom or radical.
        4.  `migration%1:11:00::`: periodic passage of animals.

    *   The context is about people moving from one country to another (Polish plumbers, immigrants, French economy, "migration flows").
    *   The specific instance is in the title of a book: "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   This clearly refers to the movement of people between countries/localities.

    *   Sense 1: "the movement of persons from one country or locality to another" - Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a group of people migrating together" - This refers to the *group* itself, not the *process* or *phenomenon* of moving. The context "How Migration Shaped Our World" refers to the phenomenon/process.
    *   Sense 3: Chemistry - Irrelevant.
    *   Sense 4: Animals - Irrelevant.

    *   The best fit is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: future
Target surface form: Future
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our <t>Future</t>, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=future%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future | synonyms=future tense
2. sense_key=future%1:28:00:: | definition=the time yet to come | synonyms=hereafter, futurity, time to come
3. sense_key=future%1:06:00:: | definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `future`
    *   Target surface form: `Future`
    *   Context: "...a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our <t>Future</t>, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.)..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `future%1:10:00::`: a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future (future tense).
        2.  `future%1:28:00::`: the time yet to come (hereafter, futurity, time to come).
        3.  `future%1:06:00::`: bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date.

    *   The word "Future" appears in the title of a book: "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   The phrase "Will Define Our Future" refers to the impact of migration on the time yet to come.

    *   Sense 1 (verb tense) is clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 3 (commodities/finance) is clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (the time yet to come) fits perfectly.

    *   The best sense is index 2.