[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: miss
Target surface form: missing
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are <t>missing</t> this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=miss%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or suffer from the lack of | examples=He misses his mother
2. sense_key=miss%2:31:00:: | definition=leave undone or leave out | synonyms=neglect, pretermit, omit, drop, leave out, overlook | examples=How could I miss that typo?; The workers on the conveyor belt miss one out of ten
3. sense_key=miss%2:42:02:: | definition=be absent | examples=The child had been missing for a week
4. sense_key=miss%2:38:00:: | definition=fail to reach or get to | examples=She missed her train
5. sense_key=miss%2:32:00:: | definition=fail to experience | synonyms=escape | examples=Fortunately, I missed the hurricane
6. sense_key=miss%2:42:01:: | definition=fail to attend an event or activity | examples=I missed the concert; He missed school for a week
7. sense_key=miss%2:42:00:: | definition=be without | synonyms=lack | examples=This soup lacks salt; There is something missing in my jewelry box!
8. sense_key=miss%2:39:00:: | definition=fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind | synonyms=lose | examples=I missed that remark; She missed his point
9. sense_key=miss%2:35:00:: | definition=fail to reach | examples=The arrow missed the target

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `miss`
    *   Target surface form: `missing`
    *   Context: "...about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are <t>missing</t> this gene."
    *   Meaning: The cells do not have the p53 gene.

    *   Sense 1: feel or suffer from the lack of (emotional) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 2: leave undone or leave out (action of omitting) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 3: be absent (e.g., a missing person) - *Close, but usually refers to something that should be there but isn't found.*
    *   Sense 4: fail to reach or get to (e.g., missed train) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 5: fail to experience (e.g., missed the hurricane) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 6: fail to attend an event (e.g., missed school) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 7: be without (synonym: lack) - *Example: "This soup lacks salt; There is something missing in my jewelry box!"* - *This fits perfectly. The cells lack the gene.*
    *   Sense 8: fail to perceive (e.g., missed the remark) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 9: fail to reach (e.g., arrow missed target) - *Incorrect*

    *   Sense 3 ("be absent") vs. Sense 7 ("be without/lack").
    *   In the sentence "cells... are missing this gene", the cells *lack* the gene.
    *   Sense 7 specifically lists "lack" as a synonym and provides the example "There is something missing in my jewelry box!" (meaning it's not there/lacking).
    *   Sense 3 is often used for people or things that have disappeared ("The child had been missing").
    *   The context "missing this gene" is a direct equivalent to "lacking this gene".

    *   Sense 7: "be without | synonyms=lack | examples=This soup lacks salt; There is something missing in my jewelry box!"
    *   This matches the context "cells... are missing this gene" (cells lack this gene).


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: reports
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are <t>reports</t> from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
2. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
3. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
5. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
6. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report
7. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `report`
    *   Target surface form: `reports`
    *   Context: "There also are <t>reports</t> from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses scientific research on the p53 suppressor gene, mentioning researchers in Edinburgh, a report from John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute, and other labs finding similar results.

    *   Sense 1: `report%1:10:01::` - the act of informing by verbal report (synonyms: account).
    *   Sense 2: `report%1:10:00::` - a short account of the news (synonyms: news report, story).
    *   Sense 3: `report%1:10:03::` - a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (synonyms: study, written report).
    *   Sense 4: `report%1:10:02::` - an essay (especially one written as an assignment).
    *   Sense 5: `report%1:11:00::` - a sharp explosive sound.
    *   Sense 6: `report%1:09:00::` - general estimation/reputation.
    *   Sense 7: `report%1:10:04::` - a written evaluation of a student's scholarship (report card).

    *   The context refers to "reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes".
    *   These are scientific findings from laboratories.
    *   The phrase "as yet unpublished" strongly implies that these are written documents (studies/papers) that have not yet been published in a journal.
    *   Sense 3 ("a written document describing the findings of some individual or group") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 1 (verbal report) is less likely given the "unpublished" qualifier, which usually refers to written manuscripts in a scientific context.
    *   Sense 2 (news report) is incorrect because these are lab findings, not news stories.

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yet
Target surface form: yet
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as <t>yet</t> unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yet%4:02:05:: | definition=used after a superlative | synonyms=so far | examples=this is the best so far; the largest drug bust yet
2. sense_key=yet%4:02:06:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, still, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
3. sense_key=yet%4:02:04:: | definition=used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time | synonyms=so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet | examples=So far he hasn't called; the sun isn't up yet
4. sense_key=yet%4:02:03:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
5. sense_key=yet%4:02:02:: | definition=up to the present time | examples=I have yet to see the results; details are yet to be worked out
6. sense_key=yet%4:02:00:: | definition=within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time | synonyms=in time | examples=he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves; sooner or later you will have to face the facts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "yet"
    *   Target surface form: "yet"
    *   Context: "There also are reports from several labs, as <t>yet</t> unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."

    *   Sense 1: used after a superlative (e.g., "the largest drug bust yet"). (Not a superlative here).
    *   Sense 2: despite anything to the contrary (e.g., "however", "nevertheless"). (Not used as a contrastive conjunction here).
    *   Sense 3: used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time (synonyms: "so far", "thus far", "up to now", "hitherto", "heretofore", "as yet"). (Example: "the sun isn't up yet").
    *   Sense 4: to a greater degree or extent (synonyms: "even", "still"). (Not a comparison here).
    *   Sense 5: up to the present time (examples: "I have yet to see the results", "details are yet to be worked out").
    *   Sense 6: within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time (synonyms: "in time"). (Not referring to the future here).

    *   The phrase is "as yet unpublished".
    *   "Unpublished" is a negative state (not published).
    *   "As yet" means "up to now" or "so far".
    *   Looking at Sense 3: "used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time | synonyms=so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet".
    *   Looking at Sense 5: "up to the present time | examples=I have yet to see the results; details are yet to be worked out".

    *   Sense 3 explicitly lists "as yet" as a synonym and mentions its use in negative statements (unpublished is a negative).
    *   Sense 5 is very similar ("up to the present time"), but Sense 3's inclusion of "as yet" as a synonym and the "negative statement" context makes it a stronger match for the specific construction "as yet unpublished".

    *   "as yet unpublished" = "up to now unpublished" or "so far unpublished".
    *   This fits perfectly with Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tissue
Target surface form: tissue
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in <t>tissue</t> taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tissue%1:27:02:: | definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper
2. sense_key=tissue%1:08:00:: | definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "tissue"
    *   Target surface form: "tissue"
    *   Context: "...missing p53 genes in <t>tissue</t> taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `tissue%1:27:02::`: a soft thin (usually translucent) paper (tissue paper).
        2.  `tissue%1:08:00::`: part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function.

    *   The context discusses cancer, genes (p53), tumors, cells, and organs (kidney, brain, skin).
    *   The phrase is "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   This clearly refers to biological tissue (cells of an organism), not paper.

    *   Sense 1: Paper (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 2: Biological tissue (Correct).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: taken
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue <t>taken</t> from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
2. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
3. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
6. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
7. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
8. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
9. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
10. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
11. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
12. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
13. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
14. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
15. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
16. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
17. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia
18. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
19. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
20. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
21. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
22. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
23. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
24. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
25. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
26. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
27. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
28. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
29. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
30. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
31. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
32. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
33. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
34. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
35. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
36. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
37. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
38. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
39. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
40. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
41. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
42. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `take`
    *   Target surface form: `taken`
    *   Context: "...missing p53 genes in tissue <t>taken</t> from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   Sentence context: The text discusses researchers studying the p53 suppressor gene in various cancers. It mentions cells "taken from lung cancer tissue" and tissue "taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."

    *   The phrase is "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   In a medical/research context, "taking tissue" means removing a sample (biopsy) from a patient or a specimen for analysis.
    *   This is a physical removal of a concrete object (tissue) from a source.

    *   1: develop a habit (No)
    *   2: take on a certain form (No)
    *   3: accept or undergo (No)
    *   4: get into one's hands, take physically (Possible, but usually implies grabbing)
    *   5: take into one's possession (No)
    *   6: get into a position of having (No)
    *   7: require as useful (No)
    *   8: take by force (No)
    *   9: remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract (Synonyms: remove, take away, withdraw) (Strong candidate)
    *   10: engage for service (No)
    *   11: ascertain or determine by measuring (No)
    *   12: head into a specified direction (No)
    *   13: carry out (No)
    *   14: pick out, select (No)
    *   15: make use of or accept (No)
    *   16: receive or obtain regularly (No)
    *   17: be stricken by an illness (No)
    *   18: buy, select (No)
    *   19: receive willingly (No)
    *   20: take something or somebody with oneself somewhere (No)
    *   21: be seized or affected (No)
    *   22: take somebody somewhere (No)
    *   23: take into consideration (No)
    *   24: occupy or take on (No)
    *   25: lay claim to (No)
    *   26: be designed to hold (No)
    *   27: be capable of holding (No)
    *   28: proceed along in a vehicle (No)
    *   29: have sex with (No)
    *   30: point or cause to go (No)
    *   31: admit into a group (No)
    *   32: require (time or space) (No)
    *   33: obtain by winning (No)
    *   34: assume, as of positions or roles (No)
    *   35: take as an undesirable consequence (No)
    *   36: have with oneself (No)
    *   37: experience or feel (No)
    *   38: travel or go by means of (No)
    *   39: be a student of (No)
    *   40: make a film or photograph (No)
    *   41: serve oneself to, or consume (No)
    *   42: interpret something (No)

    *   Sense 4: "get into one's hands, take physically" (Example: "Take a cookie!")
    *   Sense 9: "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract" (Synonyms: remove, take away, withdraw)

    In the context of "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers," the tissue was *removed* from the source for the purpose of study. Sense 9 ("remove something concrete") fits the action of a biopsy or tissue sampling much better than Sense 4 ("get into one's hands").

    *   Context: "cells taken from lung cancer tissue" and "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   Action: Removing a sample from a larger mass.
    *   Sense 9: "remove something concrete... synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw". This is the precise meaning of taking a sample in a medical context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brain
Target surface form: brain
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, <t>brain</t> and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brain%1:08:00:: | definition=that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord | synonyms=encephalon
2. sense_key=brain%1:13:00:: | definition=the brain of certain animals used as meat
3. sense_key=brain%1:09:01:: | definition=that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason | synonyms=mind, head, psyche, nous | examples=his mind wandered; I couldn't get his words out of my head
4. sense_key=brain%1:09:00:: | definition=mental ability | synonyms=brainpower, learning ability, mental capacity, mentality, wit | examples=he's got plenty of brains but no common sense
5. sense_key=brain%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality | synonyms=genius, mastermind, brainiac, Einstein | examples=Mozart was a child genius; he's smart but he's no Einstein

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `brain`
    *   Target surface form: `brain`
    *   Context: "...missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, <t>brain</t> and skin cancers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `brain%1:08:00::`: Part of the central nervous system (anatomical).
        2.  `brain%1:13:00::`: Brain as meat.
        3.  `brain%1:09:01::`: Seat of thoughts/feelings (mind).
        4.  `brain%1:09:00::`: Mental ability (brainpower).
        5.  `brain%1:18:00::`: A person with exceptional intellectual ability (genius).

    *   The sentence mentions "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   "Kidney", "brain", and "skin" are listed as locations/organs where cancers were found and tissue was taken.
    *   This refers to the physical, biological organ.

    *   Sense 1: "that part of the central nervous system... enclosed within the skull" (Anatomical organ). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "brain of certain animals used as meat". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: "responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason" (Mind). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: "mental ability". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5: "someone who has exceptional intellectual ability". Not applicable.

    *   The context is medical/biological (genes, tumors, tissue, cancers).
    *   Sense 1 is the anatomical definition.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: at_the_same_time
Target surface form: At the same time
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. <t>At the same time</t>, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=at_the_same_time%4:02:05:: | definition=overlapping in duration | synonyms=concurrently | examples=concurrently with the conference an exhibition of things associated with Rutherford was held; going to school and holding a job at the same time
2. sense_key=at_the_same_time%4:02:03:: | definition=at the same instant | synonyms=simultaneously | examples=they spoke simultaneously

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `at_the_same_time`
    *   Target surface form: "At the same time"
    *   Context: A scientific report about p53 gene mutations in various cancers. The preceding sentences discuss findings about p53 in breast, lung, kidney, brain, and skin cancers. The target sentence is: "<t>At the same time</t>, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `at_the_same_time%4:02:05::` (overlapping in duration / concurrently)
        2.  `at_the_same_time%4:02:03::` (at the same instant / simultaneously)

    *   The text describes a general state of research.
    *   "At the same time" here indicates that while research on p53 is happening (or being reported), other research to find *other* tumor-suppressor genes is also occurring.
    *   This is not referring to a single, precise instant (like two people speaking at once), but rather to a period of time during which multiple research efforts are ongoing.

    *   Sense 1: "overlapping in duration" / "concurrently". This fits the context of ongoing research projects.
    *   Sense 2: "at the same instant" / "simultaneously". This is too precise for the context of scientific research trends.

    *   The phrase "At the same time" in this context is used as a transition to show that another activity is happening concurrently with the previously mentioned activities.
    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: team
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins <t>team</t> and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something
2. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "team"
    *   Target surface form: "team"
    *   Context: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins <t>team</t> and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `team%1:14:01::`: two or more draft animals that work together to pull something.
        2.  `team%1:14:00::`: a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad.

    *   The context refers to "the Johns Hopkins team" working to "pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   This refers to a group of researchers/scientists at Johns Hopkins University.
    *   This is a "cooperative unit" of people working together toward a common goal (scientific research).

    *   Sense 1: Draft animals. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: A cooperative unit. (Correct)

    *   The best sense is index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rush
Target surface form: rushing
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are <t>rushing</t> to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rush%2:36:00:: | definition=cause to occur rapidly | synonyms=induce, stimulate, hasten | examples=the infection precipitated a high fever and allergic reactions
2. sense_key=rush%2:30:00:: | definition=act or move at high speed | synonyms=hasten, hurry, look sharp, festinate | examples=We have to rush!; hurry--it's late!
3. sense_key=rush%2:38:01:: | definition=run with the ball, in football
4. sense_key=rush%2:30:01:: | definition=urge to an unnatural speed | synonyms=hurry | examples=Don't rush me, please!
5. sense_key=rush%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast | synonyms=hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, race, pelt along | examples=He rushed down the hall to receive his guests; The cars raced down the street
6. sense_key=rush%2:33:00:: | definition=attack suddenly
7. sense_key=rush%2:38:10:: | definition=cause to move fast or to rush or race | synonyms=race | examples=The psychologist raced the rats through a long maze

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `rush`
    *   Target surface form: `rushing`
    *   Context: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are <t>rushing</t> to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   Meaning: The researchers are working quickly/hurrying to achieve a goal (pinpointing genes).

    *   Sense 1: `cause to occur rapidly` (e.g., infection precipitating fever). -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: `act or move at high speed` (e.g., "We have to rush!"). -> This is about general speed/hurrying.
    *   Sense 3: `run with the ball, in football`. -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: `urge to an unnatural speed` (e.g., "Don't rush me"). -> This is transitive (someone rushing someone else).
    *   Sense 5: `move fast` (e.g., "He rushed down the hall"). -> This usually implies physical movement from one place to another.
    *   Sense 6: `attack suddenly`. -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 7: `cause to move fast or to rush or race`. -> Transitive.

    *   The context "rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes" means they are hurrying or acting with urgency to complete a task.
    *   Sense 2: `act or move at high speed` (synonyms: hasten, hurry).
    *   Sense 5: `move fast` (synonyms: hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, race, pelt along).
    *   Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 5: Sense 5 often emphasizes physical movement ("down the hall", "raced down the street"). Sense 2 is more general ("act or move at high speed"). "Rushing to pinpoint" is more about the urgency of the action/effort than physical movement.

    *   Sense 2: `act or move at high speed` (synonyms: hasten, hurry).
    *   Sense 5: `move fast` (synonyms: hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, race, pelt along).
    *   In many WordNet versions, "rush" as in "hurry to do something" maps to the general sense of hurrying.
    *   Let's look at the examples:
        *   Sense 2: "We have to rush!; hurry--it's late!"
        *   Sense 5: "He rushed down the hall to receive his guests"
    *   "Rushing to pinpoint" is closer to "hurrying to do something" (Sense 2) than "physically racing down a hall" (Sense 5).

    *   Sense 2: act or move at high speed (hasten, hurry).
    *   Sense 5: move fast (hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, race, pelt along).
    *   The phrase "rushing to [verb]" typically means hurrying to accomplish something. Sense 2 fits this general "hurry" meaning better than the more physically-oriented Sense 5.

    *   Sense 2: act or move at high speed.
    *   Sense 5: move fast.
    *   Wait, let me re-read. "The Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint..."
    *   Is it "acting at high speed" (Sense 2) or "moving fast" (Sense 5)?
    *   Actually, in many contexts, "rush to do something" is treated as "hurry".
    *   Let's check the synonyms again.
        *   Sense 2: hasten, hurry, look sharp, festinate.
        *   Sense 5: hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, race, pelt along.
    *   "Hurry" is a very strong synonym for "rush to [do something]".

    *   Sense 2: act or move at high speed.
    *   Sense 5: move fast.
    *   Sense 2 is broader ("act or move"). Sense 5 is more specific to physical movement ("move fast").
    *   "Rushing to pinpoint" is an action/effort.

    *   Sense 2: act or move at high speed.
    *   Sense 5: move fast.
    *   If I have to choose the *best* one, Sense 2's "act or move" covers the effort of the research team better than Sense 5's "move fast".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint <t>other</t> tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail
2. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
3. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
4. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "other"
    *   Target surface form: "other"
    *   Context: "...the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint <t>other</t> tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `other%5:00:00:strange:00`: very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected.
        2.  `other%5:00:02:past:00`: belonging to the distant past.
        3.  `other%5:00:00:past:00`: recently past.
        4.  `other%3:00:00::`: not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied.

    *   The sentence is: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   The text previously discussed the p53 gene (a tumor-suppressor gene).
    *   "Other tumor-suppressor genes" refers to genes that are tumor-suppressors but are *not* the p53 gene already mentioned.

    *   Sense 1 (strange/unusual): Does not fit. The genes aren't "strange" in the sense of being unusual; they are simply different ones.
    *   Sense 2 (distant past): Does not fit.
    *   Sense 3 (recently past): Does not fit.
    *   Sense 4 (not the same one or ones already mentioned): Fits perfectly. The p53 gene was mentioned; now they are looking for *additional* or *different* tumor-suppressor genes.

    *   Sense 4 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hope
Target surface form: hopes
Context:
The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein <t>hopes</t> soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hope%2:37:00:: | definition=be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes | examples=I am still hoping that all will turn out well
2. sense_key=hope%2:37:01:: | definition=expect and wish | synonyms=trust, desire | examples=I trust you will behave better from now on; I hope she understands that she cannot expect a raise
3. sense_key=hope%2:31:00:: | definition=intend with some possibility of fulfilment | synonyms=go for | examples=I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `hope`
    *   Target surface form: `hopes`
    *   Context: "Dr. Vogelstein <t>hopes</t> soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer."

    *   Sense 1: `be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes` (e.g., "I am still hoping that all will turn out well"). This is more about a state of mind or general optimism.
    *   Sense 2: `expect and wish` (e.g., "I hope she understands..."). This is often about wishing for something to happen, often involving another person's actions or an external outcome.
    *   Sense 3: `intend with some possibility of fulfilment` (e.g., "I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening"). This is about a personal goal or intention that the subject is working towards.

    *   "Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18..."
    *   Dr. Vogelstein is a scientist.
    *   "Isolating a gene" is a professional goal/task he is actively pursuing.
    *   The structure "hopes [to do something]" strongly aligns with Sense 3 ("intend with some possibility of fulfilment").

    *   Sense 1 is too general (state of optimism).
    *   Sense 2 is more about a wish/expectation ("I hope it rains").
    *   Sense 3 is about an intention/goal ("I hope to finish"). Dr. Vogelstein's goal is to isolate the gene.

    *   Sense 3 fits best because it describes an intention to achieve a specific result through effort.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involved
Target surface form: involved
Context:
The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also <t>involved</t> in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved
2. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous | examples=the Byzantine tax structure; Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship
4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved; brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion
5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist; the difficulties in which the question is involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `involved`
    *   Target surface form: `involved`
    *   Context: "...Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also <t>involved</t> in colon cancer."
    *   Additional context: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer... are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer..."

    *   Sense 1: emotionally involved (Not applicable)
    *   Sense 2: connected by participation or association or use (e.g., "the problems involved", "people involved")
    *   Sense 3: highly complex or intricate (e.g., "Byzantine tax structure") (Not applicable)
    *   Sense 4: entangled or hindered (e.g., "mired in details") (Not applicable)
    *   Sense 5: enveloped (e.g., "castle involved in mist") (Not applicable)

    *   The sentence says "chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer."
    *   This means chromosome 18 is *connected* to or *associated* with the development of colon cancer.
    *   This fits Sense 2: "connected by participation or association or use".

    *   Sense 2 is the only one that fits the meaning of "associated with" or "playing a role in" a biological process or disease.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: close
Target surface form: close
Context:
The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are <t>close</t> to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=close%5:00:00:confined:00 | definition=crowded | synonyms=confining | examples=close quarters
2. sense_key=close%5:00:00:accurate:00 | definition=marked by fidelity to an original | synonyms=faithful | examples=a close translation; a faithful copy of the portrait
3. sense_key=close%5:00:00:stingy:00 | definition=giving or spending with reluctance | synonyms=cheeseparing, near, penny-pinching, skinny | examples=our cheeseparing administration; very close (or near) with his money
4. sense_key=close%5:00:00:restrained:00 | definition=strictly confined or guarded | examples=kept under close custody
5. sense_key=close%5:00:00:short:01 | definition=used of hair or haircuts | examples=a close military haircut
6. sense_key=close%5:00:00:tight:01 | definition=fitting closely but comfortably | synonyms=snug, close-fitting | examples=a close fit
7. sense_key=close%3:00:02:: | definition=close in relevance or relationship | examples=a close family; we are all...in close sympathy with...
8. sense_key=close%5:00:00:unventilated:00 | definition=lacking fresh air | synonyms=airless, stuffy, unaired | examples=a dusty airless attic; the dreadfully close atmosphere
9. sense_key=close%5:00:00:uncommunicative:00 | definition=inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information | synonyms=closelipped, closemouthed, secretive, tightlipped | examples=although they knew her whereabouts her friends kept close about it
10. sense_key=close%3:00:05:: | definition=not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances | synonyms=near, nigh | examples=near neighbors; in the near future
11. sense_key=close%5:00:00:equal:00 | definition=(of a contest or contestants) evenly matched | synonyms=tight | examples=a close contest; a close election
12. sense_key=close%5:00:00:private:00 | definition=confined to specific persons | examples=a close secret
13. sense_key=close%3:00:01:: | definition=at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other | examples=close to noon; how close are we to town?
14. sense_key=close%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=rigorously attentive; strict and thorough | examples=close supervision; paid close attention
15. sense_key=close%5:00:00:fine:00 | definition=of textiles | synonyms=tight | examples=a close weave; smooth percale with a very tight weave

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `close`
    *   Target surface form: `close`
    *   Context: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are <t>close</t> to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5."

    *   The sentence says researchers "are close to finding another gene".
    *   This means they are near the point of discovery.
    *   It refers to a distance in "degree" or "circumstances" (progress toward a goal) or "time" (soon).

    *   1. `confined` (crowded) - No.
    *   2. `accurate` (fidelity) - No.
    *   3. `stingy` (reluctant spending) - No.
    *   4. `restrained` (guarded) - No.
    *   5. `short` (haircut) - No.
    *   6. `tight` (fitting) - No.
    *   7. `close in relevance or relationship` (family) - No.
    *   8. `unventilated` (airless) - No.
    *   9. `uncommunicative` (secretive) - No.
    *   10. `not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances` (near, nigh) - This fits well ("close to finding").
    *   11. `equal` (contest) - No.
    *   12. `private` (secret) - No.
    *   13. `at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other` (close to noon, close to town) - This also fits.
    *   14. `careful` (attentive) - No.
    *   15. `fine` (textiles) - No.

    *   Sense 10: "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances" (synonyms: near, nigh).
    *   Sense 13: "at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other".
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 10: "near neighbors; in the near future".
        *   Sense 13: "close to noon; how close are we to town?".
    *   The phrase "close to finding" describes a state of being near a goal (degree/circumstances).
    *   Sense 10 explicitly mentions "degree or circumstances".
    *   Sense 13 focuses more on distance in space or time.
    *   "Close to finding" is more about the *degree* of progress toward a goal.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 10 and 13.
    *   Sense 10: "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances"
    *   Sense 13: "at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other"
    *   Actually, "close to [verb-ing]" usually maps to being near a certain state or result.
    *   Let's check the synonyms for 10: "near, nigh".
    *   Let's check the examples for 13: "close to noon" (time), "close to town" (space).
    *   "Close to finding" is very similar to "near to finding".
    *   Between 10 and 13, 10's inclusion of "degree or circumstances" makes it a slightly better fit for a goal/achievement than 13's "short distance in space or time".

    *   Sense 10: "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances"
    *   Sense 13: "at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other"
    *   In "close to finding", the researchers are not physically close to the gene (they are in Utah and Great Britain), but they are close in terms of their progress (degree/circumstances).
    *   Therefore, Sense 10 is the most accurate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: finding
Context:
The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to <t>finding</t> another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself
2. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
3. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
4. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
5. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
6. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
9. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
10. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
11. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
14. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
15. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
16. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `find`
    *   Target surface form: `finding`
    *   Context: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to <t>finding</t> another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5."

    *   The context describes scientific research into genes related to cancer.
    *   Researchers (Ray White and Walter Bodmer) are "close to finding another gene."
    *   This means they are trying to identify or discover a specific gene that exists but hasn't been pinpointed/identified yet.

    *   1: accept and make use of one's personality... (Incorrect)
    *   2: perceive or be contemporaneous with... (Incorrect)
    *   3: get or find back; recover... (Incorrect)
    *   4: obtain through effort or management (e.g., time, money)... (Incorrect)
    *   5: discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of (detect, observe)... (Possible, but usually refers to detecting something present in a sample).
    *   6: perceive oneself to be in a certain condition... (Incorrect)
    *   7: get something or somebody for a specific purpose... (Incorrect)
    *   8: succeed in reaching; arrive at... (Incorrect)
    *   9: establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (determine, find out, ascertain)... (Possible, but often refers to a result or a value).
    *   10: make a discovery (discover)... (Possible, general).
    *   11: make a discovery, make a new finding (discover) (e.g., Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle). (Very strong match).
    *   12: receive a specified treatment (abstract)... (Incorrect)
    *   13: come to believe on the basis of emotion... (Incorrect)
    *   14: come upon, as if by accident... (Incorrect)
    *   15: decide on and make a declaration about (rule)... (Incorrect)
    *   16: come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost... (Incorrect - the gene wasn't "lost" in the sense of misplaced keys).

    *   Sense 5: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" (detect, observe). Example: "detected high levels of lead".
    *   Sense 9: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" (determine, find out, ascertain). Example: "find the product of two numbers".
    *   Sense 10: "make a discovery" (discover). Example: "found that he had lied to her".
    *   Sense 11: "make a discovery, make a new finding" (discover). Example: "Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle".

    *   The context is about identifying a gene (a biological discovery).
    *   Sense 11 specifically mentions "make a new finding" and gives examples of scientific discoveries (X-rays, elementary particle). This aligns perfectly with "finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer."

    *   Sense 11 is the most precise fit for a scientific discovery of a previously unknown entity (like a gene).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involved
Target surface form: involved
Context:
The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene <t>involved</t> with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved
2. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous | examples=the Byzantine tax structure; Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship
4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist; the difficulties in which the question is involved
5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved; brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `involved`
    *   Target surface form: `involved`
    *   Context: "...Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene <t>involved</t> with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `emotionally involved`
        2.  `connected by participation or association or use`
        3.  `highly complex or intricate`
        4.  `enveloped`
        5.  `entangled or hindered`

    *   The sentence discusses genes and their relationship to cancer.
    *   "another gene involved with some types of colon cancer"
    *   In this context, "involved" means the gene is associated with, plays a role in, or is connected to the development of colon cancer.

    *   Sense 1: Emotionally involved. (Incorrect - genes don't have emotions).
    *   Sense 2: Connected by participation or association or use. (Correct - the gene is associated with/plays a part in the cancer).
    *   Sense 3: Highly complex or intricate. (Incorrect - the gene itself isn't being described as complex here, but rather its relationship to the cancer).
    *   Sense 4: Enveloped. (Incorrect - the gene isn't wrapped in cancer).
    *   Sense 5: Entangled or hindered. (Incorrect - the gene isn't stuck in mire).

    *   Sense 2 fits perfectly: "connected by participation or association". A gene "involved" in a disease is one associated with it.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: type
Target surface form: types
Context:
The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some <t>types</t> of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, case | examples=a real character; a strange character
2. sense_key=type%1:06:00:: | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up
3. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
4. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
5. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
6. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: | definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `type`
    *   Target surface form: `types`
    *   Context: "...finding another gene involved with some <t>types</t> of colon cancer..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `type%1:18:00::`: a person of a specified kind (eccentric).
        2.  `type%1:06:00::`: a small metal block for printing.
        3.  `type%1:10:00::`: all tokens of the same symbol.
        4.  `type%1:14:01::`: (biology) taxonomic group used to define the next higher taxon.
        5.  `type%1:09:00::`: a subdivision of a particular kind of thing.
        6.  `type%1:10:01::`: printed characters.

    *   The phrase is "some types of colon cancer".
    *   Here, "types" refers to different varieties or categories of colon cancer.

    *   Sense 1: Person/eccentric. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Printing block. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Tokens of the same symbol. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Taxonomic group (biology). While this is biology, "types of colon cancer" doesn't refer to a taxonomic group used to define a higher taxon (like a type species). It refers to categories of the disease.
    *   Sense 5: A subdivision of a particular kind of thing. (Correct - "types of colon cancer" means subdivisions/categories of colon cancer).
    *   Sense 6: Printed characters. (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 5 fits perfectly: "a subdivision of a particular kind of thing". Example: "what type of sculpture do you prefer?" matches the usage "types of colon cancer".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: believe
Target surface form: believes
Context:
In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna <t>believes</t> people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=believe%2:31:03:: | definition=be confident about something | synonyms=trust | examples=I believe that he will come back from the war
2. sense_key=believe%2:31:01:: | definition=follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer | examples=When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too
3. sense_key=believe%2:31:02:: | definition=credit with veracity | examples=You cannot believe this man; Should we believe a publication like the National Enquirer?
4. sense_key=believe%2:31:00:: | definition=accept as true; take to be true | examples=I believed his report; We didn't believe his stories from the War
5. sense_key=believe%2:31:04:: | definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | synonyms=think, consider, conceive | examples=I think he is very smart; I believe her to be very smart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `believe`
    *   Target surface form: `believes`
    *   Context: "Dr. Minna <t>believes</t> people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `be confident about something` (trust)
        2.  `follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer`
        3.  `credit with veracity` (trusting a person/source)
        4.  `accept as true; take to be true` (believing a report/story)
        5.  `judge or regard; look upon; judge` (think, consider, conceive)

    *   The sentence is: "Dr. Minna believes [that] people who inherit a defective gene... are especially prone to lung cancer."
    *   Dr. Minna is a scientist expressing a hypothesis or a professional opinion based on evidence.
    *   He is not "following a credo" (Sense 2).
    *   He is not "crediting someone with veracity" (Sense 3).
    *   He is not simply "accepting a report as true" (Sense 4), but rather forming a conclusion or holding a view.
    *   Sense 1 ("be confident about something") and Sense 5 ("judge or regard; look upon; judge; think, consider, conceive") are the closest.

    *   Sense 1: `be confident about something` (Example: "I believe that he will come back from the war"). This often implies trust or confidence in an outcome.
    *   Sense 5: `judge or regard; look upon; judge` (Synonyms: `think`, `consider`, `conceive`). (Example: "I think he is very smart; I believe her to be very smart").

    *   In the context of a scientist stating a theory or a conclusion ("Dr. Minna believes [that]..."), "believes" is used as a synonym for "thinks," "considers," or "hypothesizes."
    *   Comparing "Dr. Minna thinks people who inherit..." vs "Dr. Minna is confident that people who inherit...". While both work, "thinks/considers" (Sense 5) is the standard way to express a professional opinion or a scientific belief about a fact.

    *   Sense 4 is "accept as true" (usually referring to a statement made by someone else).
    *   Sense 5 is "judge or regard" (forming an opinion about the state of the world).
    *   The sentence "Dr. Minna believes people who inherit... are especially prone..." fits the pattern of "Dr. Minna thinks/considers that...".

    *   Sense 1: Confidence/Trust.
    *   Sense 5: Opinion/Judgment/Thought.
    *   Scientific hypotheses are typically categorized under "think/consider" (Sense 5).

    *   Sense 5: `judge or regard; look upon; judge` (Synonyms: `think`, `consider`, `conceive`).
    *   Example: "I believe her to be very smart" $\approx$ "Dr. Minna believes [people who inherit...] [to be] especially prone to lung cancer."

    *   Sense 1: "I believe that he will come back from the war" (Confidence in a future event).
    *   Sense 5: "I think he is very smart" (Opinion/Judgment about a current state).
    *   The target sentence is about a current biological state/fact (people with the gene are prone to cancer), making Sense 5 the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes <t>people</t> who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people
2. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
3. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
4. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "people"
    *   Target surface form: "people"
    *   Context: "Dr. Minna believes <t>people</t> who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer."

    *   Sense 1: "the common people generally" (multitude, masses, hoi polloi).
    *   Sense 2: "members of a family line" (his people have been farmers).
    *   Sense 3: "the body of citizens of a state or country" (citizenry, the Spanish people).
    *   Sense 4: "(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively" (old people, 200 people in the audience).

    *   The sentence discusses people who inherit a defective gene and are prone to lung cancer.
    *   It refers to human beings in general who meet a specific biological criterion (inheriting a defective gene).
    *   It does not refer to "the masses" (Sense 1), "family lines" (Sense 2), or "citizens of a state" (Sense 3).
    *   It refers to human beings collectively/individually as a biological group.

    *   Sense 4 is the general plural for human beings. "People who inherit a defective gene" fits this definition perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherit
Target surface form: inherit
Context:
In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who <t>inherit</t> a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherit%2:40:02:: | definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
2. sense_key=inherit%2:40:00:: | definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
3. sense_key=inherit%2:40:01:: | definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `inherit`
    *   Target surface form: `inherit`
    *   Context: "Dr. Minna believes people who <t>inherit</t> a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `receive from a predecessor` (e.g., problems from a previous chair)
        2.  `obtain from someone after their death` (e.g., a castle from grandparents)
        3.  `receive by genetic transmission` (e.g., good eyesight from my mother)

    *   The sentence mentions "defective gene", "chromosome 3", and "prone to lung cancer".
    *   This clearly refers to biological/genetic inheritance.

    *   Sense 1: General reception from a predecessor (too broad/metaphorical).
    *   Sense 2: Legal/financial inheritance after death (incorrect).
    *   Sense 3: Genetic transmission (perfect fit).

    *   The best sense is index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: copy
Target surface form: copies
Context:
In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two <t>copies</t> of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=copy%1:10:00:: | definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. sense_key=copy%1:10:02:: | definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy
3. sense_key=copy%1:06:00:: | definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
4. sense_key=copy%1:10:01:: | definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `copy`
    *   Target surface form: `copies`
    *   Context: "...people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `copy%1:10:00::`: reproduction of a written record (transcript).
        2.  `copy%1:10:02::`: material suitable for a journalistic account.
        3.  `copy%1:06:00::`: a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing (e.g., clone).
        4.  `copy%1:10:01::`: matter to be printed.

    *   The sentence refers to "two copies of chromosome 3".
    *   In biology, humans have two copies of each chromosome (one from each parent). These are identical (or nearly identical) versions of the same genetic structure.
    *   Sense 1 (written record) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (journalistic material) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 4 (matter to be printed) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 3 (a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing) fits best, as chromosomes in a pair are identical/similar versions of the same genetic blueprint. The example "the clone was a copy of its ancestor" strongly supports the biological application.

    *   Sense 3 is the only one that fits the biological context of genetic duplication/pairs.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: especially
Target surface form: especially
Context:
In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are <t>especially</t> prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=especially%4:02:00:: | definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | synonyms=particularly, peculiarly, specially | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling; a particularly gruesome attack
2. sense_key=especially%4:02:01:: | definition=in a special manner | synonyms=specially | examples=a specially arranged dinner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "especially"
    *   Target surface form: "especially"
    *   Context: "Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are <t>especially</t> prone to lung cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `especially%4:02:00::`: to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common (synonyms: particularly, peculiarly, specially).
        2.  `especially%4:02:01::`: in a special manner (synonyms: specially).

    *   The sentence is: "Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene... are especially prone to lung cancer."
    *   "Especially prone" means they are *more* prone than others, or prone to a greater extent than is common.

    *   Sense 1: "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common". This fits perfectly. If someone is "especially prone," they are more prone than the average person.
    *   Sense 2: "in a special manner". This does not fit. They aren't prone in a "special manner"; they are prone to a "greater degree".

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.