[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: wash_away
Target surface form: washed away
Context:
They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly <t>washed away</t>. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=wash_away%2:30:00:: | definition=remove by the application of water or other liquid and soap or some other cleaning agent | synonyms=wash, wash out, wash off | examples=he washed the dirt from his coat; The nurse washed away the blood
2. sense_key=wash_away%2:30:01:: | definition=eliminate | examples=wash away all the differences

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `wash_away`
    *   Target surface form: `washed away`
    *   Context: "...We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly <t>washed away</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `wash_away%2:30:00::`: remove by the application of water or other liquid and soap or some other cleaning agent (literal cleaning).
        2.  `wash_away%2:30:01::`: eliminate (figurative removal/disappearance).

    *   The sentence discusses the effect of early schooling on performance.
    *   "the difference is quickly washed away" means the performance gap or advantage disappears or is eliminated over time.
    *   There is no actual water, soap, or cleaning agent involved.

    *   Sense 1 is literal (cleaning with water).
    *   Sense 2 is figurative (eliminate).
    *   The context clearly fits Sense 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sum_up
Target surface form: sum up
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us <t>sum up</t> what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sum_up%2:42:00:: | definition=be a summary of | synonyms=summarize, summarise, sum | examples=The abstract summarizes the main ideas in the paper
2. sense_key=sum_up%2:32:03:: | definition=determine the sum of | synonyms=total, tot, tot up, sum, summate, tote up | examples=Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town
3. sense_key=sum_up%2:32:00:: | definition=give a summary (of) | synonyms=summarize, summarise, resume | examples=he summed up his results; I will now summarize

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `sum_up`
    *   Target surface form: `sum up`
    *   Context: "Let us <t>sum up</t> what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `be a summary of` (e.g., "The abstract summarizes the main ideas") - This is an intransitive/linking use or where the subject is the summary itself.
        2.  `determine the sum of` (e.g., "Add all the people...") - This is mathematical addition.
        3.  `give a summary (of)` (e.g., "he summed up his results") - This is the act of summarizing information.

    *   The speaker says, "Let us sum up what we do know..."
    *   The speaker is proposing to provide a summary of the knowledge regarding education and reforms.
    *   This is an active process of summarizing information, not a mathematical calculation (Sense 2) and not describing something that *is* a summary (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: "be a summary of" (The abstract summarizes...) -> The subject is the summary.
    *   Sense 3: "give a summary (of)" (he summed up his results) -> The subject is the person doing the summarizing.
    *   In the context "Let us sum up...", "us" is the subject performing the action of summarizing. This matches Sense 3.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do <t>know</t> about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
3. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
4. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
6. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
7. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
8. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
9. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!
10. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
11. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `know`
    *   Target surface form: `know`
    *   Context: "Let us sum up what we do <t>know</t> about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work..."
    *   Surrounding context: The author is discussing education policies, child development, and the effectiveness of reforms. The sentence "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance..." precedes it.

    *   Sense 1: be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about. (Example: "I know that the President lied...")
    *   Sense 2: know the nature or character of. (Example: "we all knew her as a big show-off")
    *   Sense 3: have fixed in the mind (skills/languages). (Example: "I know Latin")
    *   Sense 4: know how to do or perform something. (Example: "She knows how to knit")
    *   Sense 5: accept (someone) to be what is claimed/authority. (Example: "The Crown Prince was acknowledged...")
    *   Sense 6: be able to distinguish, recognize as being different. (Example: "The child knows right from wrong")
    *   Sense 7: have sexual intercourse with.
    *   Sense 8: have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations. (Example: "I know the feeling!")
    *   Sense 9: perceive as familiar. (Example: "I know this voice!")
    *   Sense 10: be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object. (Example: "Do you know my sister?")
    *   Sense 11: be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt. (Example: "I know that I left the key on the table")

    *   The phrase is "what we do know about education and about those education reforms".
    *   This refers to the body of knowledge, facts, and evidence available regarding education and reforms.
    *   It's not about knowing a person (Sense 10), a language (Sense 3), a skill (Sense 4), or a feeling (Sense 8).
    *   It's not about sexual intercourse (Sense 7) or recognizing authority (Sense 5).
    *   It's not about distinguishing right from wrong (Sense 6) or perceiving a voice (Sense 9).
    *   The choice is between Sense 1 (possess knowledge or information about) and Sense 11 (be aware of the truth of something/regard as true beyond any doubt).

    *   Sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about"
    *   Sense 11: "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt"
    *   In the context "what we do know about education", the author is referring to the collective information, data, and findings (knowledge) about education. This aligns more closely with "possess knowledge or information about" (Sense 1) than with a personal belief or faith in a specific truth (Sense 11). Sense 11 often implies a conviction about a specific proposition ("I know that I left the key"), whereas Sense 1 is broader and covers possessing information about a subject.

    *   "Let us sum up what we do know about education..."
    *   This is about the state of knowledge/information on the topic.
    *   Sense 1: "possess knowledge or information about" fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about <t>education</t> and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
4. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
5. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `education`
    *   Target surface form: `education`
    *   Context: "Let us sum up what we do know about <t>education</t> and about those education reforms that do work and do not work..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses a governors' conference on education, child-development policy, extending the educational system to pre-kindergarten, child-care vs. educational programs, schooling, and education reforms.

    *   Sense 1: `education%1:04:01::` - the profession of teaching. (Not the focus here; it's about the system/process, not just the job).
    *   Sense 2: `education%1:09:00::` - knowledge acquired by learning and instruction. (This refers to the *result* or the *state* of being educated).
    *   Sense 3: `education%1:07:01::` - the result of good upbringing (social behavior). (Not applicable here).
    *   Sense 4: `education%1:04:00::` - the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill. (Synonyms: instruction, teaching, pedagogy).
    *   Sense 5: `education%1:09:01::` - the gradual process of acquiring knowledge. (Example: "education is a preparation for life").
    *   Sense 6: `education%1:14:00::` - the US federal department. (Not referring to the Department of Education specifically, but the concept/system).

    *   The sentence is: "Let us sum up what we do know about <t>education</t> and about those education reforms that do work and do not work..."
    *   The author is talking about the system, the methods, the policies, and the activities involved in schooling and learning (reforms, child-development policy, educational system).
    *   Sense 4 ("the activities of educating or instructing") and Sense 5 ("the gradual process of acquiring knowledge") are close.
    *   However, "education reforms" strongly suggests the *system* or the *activities* of educating (Sense 4) rather than the internal *process* of acquiring knowledge (Sense 5).
    *   Looking at the context: "extending the educational system", "child-care program, not an educational program", "exposure to schooling". These all point toward the organized activities/system of instruction.

    *   Sense 4: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill" (Synonyms: instruction, teaching, pedagogy).
    *   Sense 5: "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge".
    *   In the phrase "what we do know about education", the author is referring to the field/practice of educating children. This aligns best with Sense 4.

    *   Sense 1: Profession (No)
    *   Sense 2: Knowledge acquired (No)
    *   Sense 3: Upbringing (No)
    *   Sense 4: Activities of educating/instructing (Yes)
    *   Sense 5: Process of acquiring knowledge (Less likely than 4 in the context of "reforms" and "systems")
    *   Sense 6: Federal Department (No)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those <t>education</t> reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "education"
    *   Target surface form: "education"
    *   Context: "Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those <t>education</t> reforms that do work and do not work..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses governors' conferences on education, child-development policy, the educational system, pre-kindergarten years, child-care programs, schooling, and parental involvement in schools.

    *   Sense 1: `education%1:04:00` - the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill (instruction, teaching, pedagogy).
    *   Sense 2: `education%1:04:01` - the profession of teaching.
    *   Sense 3: `education%1:09:01` - the gradual process of acquiring knowledge.
    *   Sense 4: `education%1:09:00` - knowledge acquired by learning and instruction.
    *   Sense 5: `education%1:07:01` - the result of good upbringing (breeding).
    *   Sense 6: `education%1:14:00` - the US federal department.

    *   The phrase is "those education reforms".
    *   "Education reforms" refers to changes made to the *system* or *activities* of educating/instructing people.
    *   It's not referring to the *profession* of teaching (Sense 2), the *process* of acquiring knowledge (Sense 3), the *knowledge* itself (Sense 4), *breeding* (Sense 5), or the *Department of Education* (Sense 6).
    *   It refers to the general field or activity of instructing/educating (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill". This fits "education reforms" perfectly, as reforms target the activities, methods, and systems of instruction.

    *   Sense 1: activities of educating/instructing.
    *   Sense 3: process of acquiring knowledge.
    *   In "education reforms", the reforms are applied to the *system/activity* of educating, not the *internal process* of the student acquiring knowledge.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reform
Target surface form: reforms
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education <t>reforms</t> that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reform%1:04:01:: | definition=a campaign aimed to correct abuses or malpractices | examples=the reforms he proposed were too radical for the politicians
2. sense_key=reform%1:04:02:: | definition=self-improvement in behavior or morals by abandoning some vice | examples=the family rejoiced in the drunkard's reform
3. sense_key=reform%1:04:00:: | definition=a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses | examples=justice was for sale before the reform of the law courts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `reform`
    *   Target surface form: `reforms`
    *   Context: "...Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education <t>reforms</t> that do work and do not work..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `reform%1:04:01`: a campaign aimed to correct abuses or malpractices (e.g., "the reforms he proposed were too radical for the politicians")
        2.  `reform%1:04:02`: self-improvement in behavior or morals by abandoning some vice (e.g., "the family rejoiced in the drunkard's reform")
        3.  `reform%1:04:00`: a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses (e.g., "justice was for sale before the reform of the law courts")

    *   The context discusses "education reforms".
    *   It refers to policies or changes implemented in the educational system (like extending the system to pre-kindergarten years).
    *   The phrase "those education reforms that do work and do not work" suggests specific initiatives, programs, or campaigns intended to improve the system.

    *   Sense 1: "a campaign aimed to correct abuses or malpractices". This fits well with "education reforms" as these are typically organized efforts/campaigns to change the system.
    *   Sense 2: "self-improvement in behavior or morals". This is clearly incorrect (not about a person's behavior).
    *   Sense 3: "a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses". This refers to the *result* of the reform process.

    *   Sense 1 (campaign/initiative) vs. Sense 3 (the resulting change).
    *   In the phrase "those education reforms that do work and do not work", the author is talking about the *measures* or *initiatives* themselves (the "reforms" being implemented), rather than the abstract state of having been changed.
    *   Example for Sense 1: "the reforms he proposed were too radical". This matches the context of proposing/implementing educational changes.
    *   Example for Sense 3: "justice was for sale before the reform of the law courts". This refers to the event or the resulting state.

    *   "Education reforms" usually refers to the specific policies or programs introduced to improve education. This aligns more closely with "a campaign aimed to correct abuses or malpractices" (Sense 1) than the resulting change (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 1: Campaign/Initiative.
    *   Sense 3: The change itself.
    *   "Those education reforms that do work and do not work" -> The initiatives/policies.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 1 and Sense 3.
    *   Sense 1: "a campaign aimed to correct abuses or malpractices"
    *   Sense 3: "a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses"
    *   In common usage, "education reforms" refers to the set of changes/policies.
    *   If I say "the reform worked", I usually mean the policy/campaign worked.
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "the reforms he proposed" (Proposed changes/campaigns).
        *   Sense 3: "the reform of the law courts" (The act of changing or the result).
    *   The context "those education reforms that do work and do not work" sounds like it's referring to the proposed/implemented changes (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: campaign/initiative.
    *   Sense 3: the change/improvement.
    *   "Education reforms" are typically the initiatives.

    *   Sense 1: `reform%1:04:01`
    *   Sense 2: `reform%1:04:02`
    *   Sense 3: `reform%1:04:00`
    *   Wait, the indices provided in the prompt are 1, 2, 3.
    *   Sense 1 = `reform%1:04:01`
    *   Sense 2 = `reform%1:04:02`
    *   Sense 3 = `reform%1:04:00`

    *   Let's double-check Sense 1 vs Sense 3 again.
    *   Sense 1: "a campaign aimed to correct abuses or malpractices"
    *   Sense 3: "a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses"
    *   "Education reforms" are the specific measures taken. This is a "campaign" or a set of "proposed changes".
    *   If the author says "reforms that do work", they are talking about the measures/campaigns.

    *   Sense 1: `reform%1:04:01`
    *   Sense 3: `reform%1:04:00`
    *   In many WordNet-based datasets, "reform" as a policy/initiative is mapped to the "campaign" sense.

    *   Sense 1: campaign aimed to correct...
    *   Sense 3: change for the better...
    *   "Education reforms" = the policies/campaigns.

    *   Sense 1: `reform%1:04:01`
    *   Sense 2: `reform%1:04:02`
    *   Sense 3: `reform%1:04:00`
    *   The target is "reforms".
    *   Sense 1 fits best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work
Target surface form: work
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do <t>work</t> and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work%2:36:12:: | definition=make something, usually for a specific function | synonyms=shape, form, mold, mould, forge | examples=She molded the rice balls carefully; Form cylinders from the dough
2. sense_key=work%2:35:02:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, operate, go, run | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
3. sense_key=work%2:41:10:: | definition=have and exert influence or effect | synonyms=influence, act upon | examples=The artist's work influenced the young painter; She worked on her friends to support the political candidate
4. sense_key=work%2:36:00:: | definition=shape, form, or improve a material | synonyms=work on, process | examples=work stone into tools; process iron
5. sense_key=work%2:29:00:: | definition=give a workout to | synonyms=exercise, work out | examples=Some parents exercise their infants; My personal trainer works me hard
6. sense_key=work%2:41:03:: | definition=have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected | synonyms=act | examples=The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought; How does your idea work in practice?
7. sense_key=work%2:41:01:: | definition=cause to work | synonyms=put to work | examples=he is working his servants hard
8. sense_key=work%2:35:00:: | definition=make uniform | synonyms=knead | examples=knead dough; work the clay until it is soft
9. sense_key=work%2:38:02:: | definition=move in an agitated manner | examples=His fingers worked with tension
10. sense_key=work%2:41:02:: | definition=exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity | examples=I will work hard to improve my grades; she worked hard for better living conditions for the poor
11. sense_key=work%2:41:04:: | definition=operate in a certain place, area, or specialty | examples=She works the night clubs; The salesman works the Midwest
12. sense_key=work%2:42:10:: | definition=behave in a certain way when handled | examples=This dough does not work easily; The soft metal works well
13. sense_key=work%2:41:00:: | definition=be employed | synonyms=do work | examples=Is your husband working again?; My wife never worked
14. sense_key=work%2:41:05:: | definition=proceed towards a goal or along a path or through an activity | examples=work your way through every problem or task; She was working on her second martini when the guests arrived
15. sense_key=work%2:31:13:: | definition=find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of | synonyms=solve, work out, figure out, puzzle out, lick | examples=did you solve the problem?; Work out your problems with the boss
16. sense_key=work%2:37:10:: | definition=gratify and charm, usually in order to influence | examples=the political candidate worked the crowds
17. sense_key=work%2:30:10:: | definition=arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion | examples=The stitches of the hem worked loose after she wore the skirt many times
18. sense_key=work%2:41:11:: | definition=operate in or through | examples=Work the phones
19. sense_key=work%2:34:10:: | definition=use or manipulate to one's advantage | synonyms=exploit | examples=He exploit the new taxation system; She knows how to work the system
20. sense_key=work%2:36:09:: | definition=prepare for crops | synonyms=cultivate, crop | examples=Work the soil; cultivate the land
21. sense_key=work%2:38:00:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=make | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
22. sense_key=work%2:30:14:: | definition=cause to undergo fermentation | synonyms=ferment | examples=We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content; The vintner worked the wine in big oak vats
23. sense_key=work%2:39:10:: | definition=provoke or excite | examples=The rock musician worked the crowd of young girls into a frenzy
24. sense_key=work%2:36:01:: | definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | synonyms=bring, play, wreak, make for | examples=I cannot work a miracle; wreak havoc
25. sense_key=work%2:30:13:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, turn, ferment | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
26. sense_key=work%2:41:12:: | definition=cause to operate or function | examples=This pilot works the controls; Can you work an electric drill?
27. sense_key=work%2:35:14:: | definition=move into or onto | examples=work the raisins into the dough; the student worked a few jokes into his presentation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `work`
    *   Target surface form: `work`
    *   Context: "...Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do <t>work</t> and do not work..."
    *   Meaning: The author is talking about education reforms that are effective or successful.

    *   1: make something (shape, form) - No.
    *   2: perform as expected when applied (function, operate, go, run) - This is for machines/devices (e.g., washing machine).
    *   3: have and exert influence or effect (influence, act upon) - This is more about exerting influence on someone/something.
    *   4: shape, form, or improve a material - No.
    *   5: give a workout to - No.
    *   6: have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected (act) - Examples: "The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought; How does your idea work in practice?" - This fits "education reforms that do work".
    *   7: cause to work - No.
    *   8: make uniform (knead) - No.
    *   9: move in an agitated manner - No.
    *   10: exert oneself (mental/physical work) - No.
    *   11: operate in a certain place - No.
    *   12: behave in a certain way when handled (dough, metal) - No.
    *   13: be employed - No.
    *   14: proceed towards a goal - No.
    *   15: find the solution to - No.
    *   16: gratify and charm - No.
    *   17: arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion - No.
    *   18: operate in or through - No.
    *   19: use or manipulate to one's advantage - No.
    *   20: prepare for crops - No.
    *   21: proceed along a path - No.
    *   22: cause to undergo fermentation - No.
    *   23: provoke or excite - No.
    *   24: cause to happen or to occur as a consequence - No.
    *   25: go sour or spoil - No.
    *   26: cause to operate or function - No.
    *   27: move into or onto - No.

    *   Sense 2: "perform as expected when applied" (synonyms: function, operate, go, run). Examples: "The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in." (Focuses on mechanical function).
    *   Sense 6: "have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected" (synonyms: act). Examples: "The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought; How does your idea work in practice?" (Focuses on effectiveness/success of a process, idea, or system).

    The context "education reforms that do work" refers to the effectiveness of the reforms in achieving a desired outcome, which aligns perfectly with Sense 6.

    *   Sense 6: "have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected".
    *   Context: "education reforms that do work".
    *   Match: High.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work
Target surface form: work
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not <t>work</t>: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work%2:37:10:: | definition=gratify and charm, usually in order to influence | examples=the political candidate worked the crowds
2. sense_key=work%2:29:00:: | definition=give a workout to | synonyms=exercise, work out | examples=Some parents exercise their infants; My personal trainer works me hard
3. sense_key=work%2:38:00:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=make | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
4. sense_key=work%2:41:11:: | definition=operate in or through | examples=Work the phones
5. sense_key=work%2:30:10:: | definition=arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion | examples=The stitches of the hem worked loose after she wore the skirt many times
6. sense_key=work%2:35:14:: | definition=move into or onto | examples=work the raisins into the dough; the student worked a few jokes into his presentation
7. sense_key=work%2:41:12:: | definition=cause to operate or function | examples=This pilot works the controls; Can you work an electric drill?
8. sense_key=work%2:36:00:: | definition=shape, form, or improve a material | synonyms=work on, process | examples=work stone into tools; process iron
9. sense_key=work%2:30:13:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, turn, ferment | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
10. sense_key=work%2:31:13:: | definition=find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of | synonyms=solve, work out, figure out, puzzle out, lick | examples=did you solve the problem?; Work out your problems with the boss
11. sense_key=work%2:41:04:: | definition=operate in a certain place, area, or specialty | examples=She works the night clubs; The salesman works the Midwest
12. sense_key=work%2:35:00:: | definition=make uniform | synonyms=knead | examples=knead dough; work the clay until it is soft
13. sense_key=work%2:42:10:: | definition=behave in a certain way when handled | examples=This dough does not work easily; The soft metal works well
14. sense_key=work%2:30:14:: | definition=cause to undergo fermentation | synonyms=ferment | examples=We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content; The vintner worked the wine in big oak vats
15. sense_key=work%2:41:02:: | definition=exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity | examples=I will work hard to improve my grades; she worked hard for better living conditions for the poor
16. sense_key=work%2:41:10:: | definition=have and exert influence or effect | synonyms=influence, act upon | examples=The artist's work influenced the young painter; She worked on her friends to support the political candidate
17. sense_key=work%2:41:00:: | definition=be employed | synonyms=do work | examples=Is your husband working again?; My wife never worked
18. sense_key=work%2:36:01:: | definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | synonyms=bring, play, wreak, make for | examples=I cannot work a miracle; wreak havoc
19. sense_key=work%2:41:01:: | definition=cause to work | synonyms=put to work | examples=he is working his servants hard
20. sense_key=work%2:35:02:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, operate, go, run | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
21. sense_key=work%2:41:03:: | definition=have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected | synonyms=act | examples=The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought; How does your idea work in practice?
22. sense_key=work%2:36:12:: | definition=make something, usually for a specific function | synonyms=shape, form, mold, mould, forge | examples=She molded the rice balls carefully; Form cylinders from the dough
23. sense_key=work%2:34:10:: | definition=use or manipulate to one's advantage | synonyms=exploit | examples=He exploit the new taxation system; She knows how to work the system
24. sense_key=work%2:39:10:: | definition=provoke or excite | examples=The rock musician worked the crowd of young girls into a frenzy
25. sense_key=work%2:41:05:: | definition=proceed towards a goal or along a path or through an activity | examples=work your way through every problem or task; She was working on her second martini when the guests arrived
26. sense_key=work%2:38:02:: | definition=move in an agitated manner | examples=His fingers worked with tension
27. sense_key=work%2:36:09:: | definition=prepare for crops | synonyms=cultivate, crop | examples=Work the soil; cultivate the land

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 21}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 21}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `work`
    *   Target surface form: `work`
    *   Context: "...Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work..."
    *   Target word: `work` (in "do work and do not work")

    *   The sentence discusses "education reforms that do work and do not work."
    *   In this context, "work" refers to whether the reforms are effective, successful, or produce the desired outcome.

    *   1: gratify and charm (No)
    *   2: give a workout to (No)
    *   3: proceed along a path (No)
    *   4: operate in or through (No)
    *   5: arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion (No)
    *   6: move into or onto (No)
    *   7: cause to operate or function (No)
    *   8: shape, form, or improve a material (No)
    *   9: go sour or spoil (No)
    *   10: find the solution to (No)
    *   11: operate in a certain place (No)
    *   12: make uniform (No)
    *   13: behave in a certain way when handled (No)
    *   14: cause to undergo fermentation (No)
    *   15: exert oneself (No)
    *   16: have and exert influence or effect (No - this is more about influencing people/things)
    *   17: be employed (No)
    *   18: cause to happen or to occur (No)
    *   19: cause to work (No)
    *   20: perform as expected when applied (usually refers to machines/tools: "washing machine won't go")
    *   21: have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected (Synonym: act. Example: "The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought; How does your idea work in practice?")
    *   22: make something (No)
    *   23: use or manipulate to one's advantage (No)
    *   24: provoke or excite (No)
    *   25: proceed towards a goal (No)
    *   26: move in an agitated manner (No)
    *   27: prepare for crops (No)

    *   Sense 20: "perform as expected when applied" (Examples: washing machine, car). This is more about mechanical function.
    *   Sense 21: "have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected" (Examples: voting process, idea in practice). This fits "education reforms" perfectly.

    *   The context is "education reforms that do work and do not work."
    *   This means reforms that are effective or produce the desired result.
    *   Sense 21 specifically mentions "have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected" and gives the example "How does your idea work in practice?" which is very similar to "Do these reforms work?".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parental
Target surface form: Parental
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "<t>Parental</t> involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parental%3:01:00:: | definition=designating the generation of organisms from which hybrid offspring are produced
2. sense_key=parental%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or characteristic of or befitting a parent | synonyms=maternal, paternal | examples=parental guidance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `parental`
    *   Target surface form: `Parental`
    *   Context: "...Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- '<t>Parental</t> involvement' is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `parental%3:01:00::`: designating the generation of organisms from which hybrid offspring are produced (biological/genetic context).
        2.  `parental%3:00:00::`: relating to or characteristic of or befitting a parent (general/social context). Synonyms: maternal, paternal. Example: parental guidance.

    *   The sentence is "Parental involvement is a bad idea."
    *   The following sentence clarifies: "Parents are too likely to blame schools..."
    *   This refers to the involvement of parents (fathers/mothers) in their children's education.

    *   Sense 1 is about hybrid offspring and biological generations. This is not applicable here.
    *   Sense 2 is about things relating to or characteristic of a parent. "Parental involvement" fits perfectly here, as it refers to the involvement of parents.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involvement
Target surface form: involvement
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental <t>involvement</t> "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involvement%1:24:00:: | definition=a connection of inclusion or containment | examples=he escaped involvement in the accident; there was additional involvement of the liver and spleen
2. sense_key=involvement%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of sharing in the activities of a group | synonyms=engagement, participation, involution | examples=the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities
3. sense_key=involvement%1:26:01:: | definition=the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.) | synonyms=participation
4. sense_key=involvement%1:09:00:: | definition=a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something | synonyms=interest | examples=an interest in music
5. sense_key=involvement%1:26:00:: | definition=a usually secretive or illicit sexual relationship | synonyms=affair, affaire, intimacy, liaison, amour

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "involvement"
    *   Context: "Parental <t>involvement</t> "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   General meaning: The author is talking about parents taking part in or being engaged with their children's schooling/education.

    *   Sense 1: connection of inclusion or containment (e.g., involvement in an accident, involvement of the liver). -> *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 2: the act of sharing in the activities of a group (synonyms: engagement, participation). Example: "students' engagement in class activities". -> *Strong candidate.*
    *   Sense 3: the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.) (synonym: participation). -> *Possible, but Sense 2 is more about active participation in activities.*
    *   Sense 4: a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something (synonym: interest). -> *Possible, but "parental involvement" usually refers to the act of participating in school activities, not just being interested.*
    *   Sense 5: a usually secretive or illicit sexual relationship. -> *Incorrect.*

    *   "Parental involvement" in the context of education typically refers to parents participating in school functions, helping with homework, attending PTA meetings, etc.
    *   Sense 2 ("the act of sharing in the activities of a group") fits this perfectly. The "group" here is the educational environment/school system.
    *   Sense 3 ("the condition of sharing in common with others") is more about a shared state or partnership rather than the active participation described in educational contexts.
    *   Sense 4 ("interest") is too passive.

    *   Sense 2: "the act of sharing in the activities of a group" / "engagement, participation".
    *   Context: "Parental involvement" (parents participating in the school's activities).
    *   This matches the standard usage of "parental involvement" in education.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bad
Target surface form: bad
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a <t>bad</t> idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=below average in quality or performance | examples=a bad chess player; a bad recital
2. sense_key=bad%3:00:00:: | definition=having undesirable or negative qualities | examples=a bad report card; his sloppy appearance made a bad impression
3. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:malfunctioning:00 | definition=not working properly | synonyms=defective | examples=a bad telephone connection; a defective appliance
4. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:stale:00 | definition=(of foodstuffs) not in an edible or usable condition | synonyms=spoiled, spoilt | examples=bad meat; a refrigerator full of spoilt food
5. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:unhealthy:00 | definition=physically unsound or diseased | synonyms=unfit, unsound | examples=has a bad back; a bad heart
6. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:nonstandard:03 | definition=nonstandard | examples=so-called bad grammar
7. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:invalid:00 | definition=not capable of being collected | synonyms=uncollectible | examples=a bad (or uncollectible) debt
8. sense_key=bad%5:00:02:unsound:00 | definition=not financially safe or secure | synonyms=risky, high-risk, speculative | examples=a bad investment; high risk investments
9. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:counterfeit:00 | definition=reproduced fraudulently | synonyms=forged | examples=like a bad penny...; a forged twenty dollar bill
10. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=very intense | synonyms=big | examples=a bad headache; in a big rage
11. sense_key=bad%3:00:09:: | definition=feeling or expressing regret or sorrow or a sense of loss over something done or undone | synonyms=regretful, sorry | examples=felt regretful over his vanished youth; regretful over mistakes she had made
12. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:evil:00 | definition=characterized by wickedness or immorality | examples=led a very bad life
13. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:harmful:00 | definition=capable of harming | examples=bad air; smoking is bad for you
14. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:uncomfortable:00 | definition=feeling physical discomfort or pain (`tough' is occasionally used colloquially for `bad') | synonyms=tough | examples=my throat feels bad; she felt bad all over

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bad`
    *   Target surface form: `bad`
    *   Context: "...'Parental involvement' is a <t>bad</t> idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   Target phrase: "a bad idea"

    *   Sense 1: inferior (below average in quality or performance) - e.g., bad chess player.
    *   Sense 2: having undesirable or negative qualities - e.g., bad report card, bad impression.
    *   Sense 3: malfunctioning (not working properly) - e.g., bad telephone connection.
    *   Sense 4: stale (foodstuffs) - e.g., bad meat.
    *   Sense 5: unhealthy (physically unsound) - e.g., bad back.
    *   Sense 6: nonstandard - e.g., bad grammar.
    *   Sense 7: invalid (uncollectible debt).
    *   Sense 8: unsound (financially risky) - e.g., bad investment.
    *   Sense 9: counterfeit - e.g., forged bill.
    *   Sense 10: intense - e.g., bad headache.
    *   Sense 11: regretful - e.g., felt bad over mistakes.
    *   Sense 12: evil (wickedness/immorality) - e.g., bad life.
    *   Sense 13: harmful (capable of harming) - e.g., smoking is bad for you.
    *   Sense 14: uncomfortable (physical discomfort).

    *   The author is arguing that "Parental involvement" is a "bad idea" because it leads to parents blaming schools.
    *   Is it "inferior in quality" (Sense 1)? Not exactly.
    *   Is it "having undesirable or negative qualities" (Sense 2)? Yes, the idea itself is viewed as undesirable or flawed.
    *   Is it "harmful" (Sense 13)? While the result might be harmful to the school's environment, the "idea" itself is characterized as undesirable/incorrect/flawed.
    *   Is it "unsound" (Sense 8)? Sense 8 is specifically for financial safety.
    *   Is it "evil" (Sense 12)? No.

    *   Sense 2: "having undesirable or negative qualities". A "bad idea" typically fits here—it's an idea that is not recommended or is thought to be wrong/undesirable.
    *   Sense 13: "capable of harming". While a bad idea can be harmful, "bad idea" is a very common collocation for Sense 2 (undesirable).

    *   "Bad idea" usually means the idea is flawed, unwise, or undesirable.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 (inferior) and Sense 2 (undesirable): Sense 1 is more about performance/skill. Sense 2 is more general about qualities.
    *   Comparing Sense 2 (undesirable) and Sense 13 (harmful): Sense 13 is usually for things that cause physical or direct harm (bad air, smoking). Sense 2 is broader and fits "idea" better.

    *   Sense 2: "having undesirable or negative qualities". This fits "bad idea" perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: idea
Target surface form: idea
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad <t>idea</t>. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=idea%1:09:01:: | definition=your intention; what you intend to do | synonyms=mind | examples=he had in mind to see his old teacher; the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces
2. sense_key=idea%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) melodic subject of a musical composition | synonyms=theme, melodic theme, musical theme | examples=the theme is announced in the first measures; the accompanist picked up the idea and elaborated it
3. sense_key=idea%1:09:02:: | definition=an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth | synonyms=estimate, estimation, approximation | examples=an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take
4. sense_key=idea%1:09:03:: | definition=a personal view | examples=he has an idea that we don't like him
5. sense_key=idea%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about | synonyms=thought | examples=it was not a good idea; the thought never entered my mind

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `idea`
    *   Target surface form: `idea`
    *   Context: "...'Parental involvement' is a bad <t>idea</t>. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `idea%1:09:01::`: intention; what you intend to do.
        2.  `idea%1:10:00::`: (music) melodic subject.
        3.  `idea%1:09:02::`: approximate calculation/estimate.
        4.  `idea%1:09:03::`: a personal view.
        5.  `idea%1:09:00::`: the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about (synonym: thought). Example: "it was not a good idea".

    *   The sentence is: "'Parental involvement' is a bad idea."
    *   Here, "idea" refers to a plan, a concept, or a proposed course of action (parental involvement in education).
    *   Comparing with candidate senses:
        *   Sense 1 (intention): Not quite. It's not about someone's specific intention to do something, but rather the general concept/plan of parental involvement.
        *   Sense 2 (music): Irrelevant.
        *   Sense 3 (estimate): Irrelevant.
        *   Sense 4 (personal view): "Parental involvement" isn't a personal view; it's a policy or practice.
        *   Sense 5 (content of cognition/thought): The example "it was not a good idea" matches the context "'Parental involvement' is a bad idea" perfectly. In this sense, "idea" refers to a plan or a suggestion.

    *   Sense 5: "the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about | synonyms=thought | examples=it was not a good idea".
    *   This fits the usage of "a bad idea" (meaning a bad plan or a bad course of action).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: Parents
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. <t>Parents</t> are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained
2. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `parent`
    *   Target surface form: `Parents`
    *   Context: "Parental involvement is a bad idea. <t>Parents</t> are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `parent%1:03:00::`: an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained.
        2.  `parent%1:18:00::`: a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian.

    *   The context discusses "Parental involvement", "blame schools for the educational limitations of their children", and "involved with their children's education at home".
    *   This clearly refers to human parents (fathers and mothers) in the context of child-rearing and education.

    *   Sense 1 is a biological/general definition (plants or animals).
    *   Sense 2 is specifically about fathers, mothers, or guardians of children.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: too
Target surface form: too
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are <t>too</t> likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=too%4:02:00:: | definition=to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits | synonyms=excessively, overly, to a fault | examples=too big
2. sense_key=too%4:02:01:: | definition=in addition | synonyms=besides, also, likewise, as well | examples=he has a Mercedes, too

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "too"
    *   Target surface form: "too"
    *   Context: "Parents are <t>too</t> likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `too%4:02:00::`: to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits (excessively, overly).
        2.  `too%4:02:01::`: in addition (besides, also, likewise, as well).

    *   The sentence is: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   In this context, "too" modifies the adjective "likely".
    *   It means that the likelihood is excessive or higher than it should be.
    *   It does *not* mean "also" or "in addition".

    *   Sense 1: "to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits" (excessively, overly). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "in addition" (also, as well). This does not fit.

    *   The correct sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: likely
Target surface form: likely
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too <t>likely</t> to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=likely%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | synonyms=potential | examples=potential clients
2. sense_key=likely%3:00:04:: | definition=likely but not certain to be or become true or real | synonyms=probable | examples=a likely result; he foresaw a probable loss
3. sense_key=likely%5:00:00:credible:00 | definition=within the realm of credibility | examples=not a very likely excuse
4. sense_key=likely%3:00:00:: | definition=has a good chance of being the case or of coming about | examples=these services are likely to be available to us all before long; she is likely to forget

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `likely`
    *   Target surface form: `likely`
    *   Context: "Parents are too <t>likely</t> to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."

    *   Sense 1: `prospective` (expected to become or be; in prospect). Example: "potential clients".
    *   Sense 2: `probable` (likely but not certain to be or become true or real). Example: "a likely result". (Usually used as an adjective modifying a noun).
    *   Sense 3: `credible` (within the realm of credibility). Example: "not a very likely excuse".
    *   Sense 4: `has a good chance of being the case or of coming about`. Example: "these services are likely to be available to us all before long; she is likely to forget".

    *   The sentence is: "Parents are too likely to blame schools..."
    *   Structure: [Subject] + [be-verb] + [likely] + [to-infinitive].
    *   Meaning: There is a high probability that parents will blame schools.

    *   Sense 1 (prospective): Doesn't fit. Parents aren't "prospective" to blame.
    *   Sense 2 (probable): This is often used as an attributive adjective (e.g., "a likely story" - though that's often sarcastic, or "a likely outcome"). While similar to Sense 4, Sense 4 specifically matches the "be likely to [verb]" construction.
    *   Sense 3 (credible): Doesn't fit. It's not about whether the parents are "credible" or the blame is "credible".
    *   Sense 4 (has a good chance of being the case or of coming about): This perfectly matches the construction "be likely to [do something]". Example: "she is likely to forget" matches "Parents are too likely to blame".

    *   Sense 4 is the correct fit for the predicative use of "likely" followed by an infinitive to express probability.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: blame
Target surface form: blame
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to <t>blame</t> schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=blame%2:31:00:: | definition=attribute responsibility to | synonyms=charge | examples=We blamed the accident on her; The tragedy was charged to her inexperience
2. sense_key=blame%2:32:00:: | definition=put or pin the blame on | synonyms=fault
3. sense_key=blame%2:32:01:: | definition=harass with constant criticism | synonyms=find fault, pick | examples=Don't always pick on your little brother

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `blame`
    *   Target surface form: `blame`
    *   Context: "Parents are too likely to <t>blame</t> schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `blame%2:31:00::` | definition=attribute responsibility to | synonyms=charge | examples=We blamed the accident on her; The tragedy was charged to her inexperience
        2.  `blame%2:32:00::` | definition=put or pin the blame on | synonyms=fault
        3.  `blame%2:32:01::` | definition=harass with constant criticism | synonyms=find fault, pick | examples=Don't always pick on your little brother

    *   The sentence is: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   Here, "blame" means that parents attribute the responsibility for the children's educational limitations to the schools.

    *   Sense 1: "attribute responsibility to" (synonym: charge). Example: "We blamed the accident on her." This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "put or pin the blame on" (synonym: fault). This is very similar to Sense 1, but Sense 1's definition "attribute responsibility to" is a more direct match for the act of blaming someone for a result.
    *   Sense 3: "harass with constant criticism" (synonym: find fault, pick). This is about nagging or picking on someone, which doesn't fit the context of attributing a cause for a failure.

    *   Sense 1: attribute responsibility to.
    *   Sense 2: put or pin the blame on.
    *   Wait, looking closer at WordNet's structure (though I shouldn't use the keys in the output), Sense 1 and Sense 2 are often very close. Let's re-evaluate.
    *   "blame schools for the educational limitations" -> attributing the cause/responsibility of the limitations to the schools.
    *   Sense 1: "attribute responsibility to".
    *   Sense 2: "put or pin the blame on".
    *   Usually, "blame [someone] for [something]" maps to "attribute responsibility to".

    *   Sense 1: attribute responsibility to.
    *   Sense 2: put or pin the blame on.
    *   Sense 3: harass with constant criticism.
    *   The context "blame schools for the educational limitations" is a classic case of attributing responsibility.

    *   Sense 1: "attribute responsibility to" (charge).
    *   Sense 2: "put or pin the blame on" (fault).
    *   In many WordNet versions, "fault" as a verb means to find a fault in or to blame.
    *   "Attribute responsibility to" is the most precise definition for "blame [someone] for [something]".

    *   Sense 1: attribute responsibility to.
    *   Sense 2: put or pin the blame on.
    *   Sense 3: harass with constant criticism.
    *   The sentence "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children" fits Sense 1 best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: school
Target surface form: schools
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame <t>schools</t> for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=school%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of instruction in a school; the time period when school is in session | synonyms=schooltime, school day | examples=stay after school; he didn't miss a single day of school
2. sense_key=school%1:14:02:: | definition=a body of creative artists or writers or thinkers linked by a similar style or by similar teachers | examples=the Venetian school of painting
3. sense_key=school%1:06:00:: | definition=a building where young people receive education | synonyms=schoolhouse | examples=the school was built in 1932; he walked to school every morning
4. sense_key=school%1:14:03:: | definition=an educational institution's faculty and students | examples=the school keeps parents informed; the whole school turned out for the game
5. sense_key=school%1:09:00:: | definition=the process of being formally educated at a school | synonyms=schooling | examples=what will you do when you finish school?
6. sense_key=school%1:14:00:: | definition=an educational institution | examples=the school was founded in 1900
7. sense_key=school%1:14:01:: | definition=a large group of fish | synonyms=shoal | examples=a school of small glittering fish swam by

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `school`
    *   Target surface form: `schools`
    *   Context: "Parents are too likely to blame <t>schools</t> for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Period of instruction (schooltime).
        2.  Body of artists/thinkers (e.g., Venetian school).
        3.  Building where education happens (schoolhouse).
        4.  Faculty and students of an institution.
        5.  Process of being formally educated (schooling).
        6.  An educational institution.
        7.  Group of fish.

    *   The sentence is: "Parents are too likely to blame <t>schools</t> for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   Here, "schools" refers to the institutions responsible for educating children.
    *   It's not referring to the physical building (sense 3), the specific people inside (sense 4), the time spent there (sense 1), the process (sense 5), a group of fish (sense 7), or a school of thought (sense 2).
    *   It refers to the educational institutions in general.

    *   Sense 6: "an educational institution" (Example: "the school was founded in 1900").
    *   Sense 4: "an educational institution's faculty and students" (Example: "the school keeps parents informed").
    *   Sense 3: "a building where young people receive education" (Example: "the school was built in 1932").

    *   When parents "blame schools," they are generally blaming the institutions (the system, the administration, the organization) rather than just the physical building or just the specific group of people (though the people are part of the institution).
    *   Sense 6 is the most general and fitting definition for "educational institution" in this context.

    *   Sense 6: "an educational institution"
    *   Sense 4: "an educational institution's faculty and students"
    *   In the context of blaming "schools" for "educational limitations," the blame is directed at the institutions as entities. Sense 6 is the standard fit for this usage.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the <t>educational</t> limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film
2. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `educational`
    *   Target surface form: `educational`
    *   Context: "...Parents are too likely to blame schools for the <t>educational</t> limitations of their children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `educational%5:00:00:instructive:00`: providing knowledge (e.g., an educational film).
        2.  `educational%3:01:00::`: relating to the process of education (e.g., educational psychology).

    *   The sentence is: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   "Educational limitations" refers to the limits or constraints regarding the children's learning, schooling, or academic progress.
    *   Is it "providing knowledge" (instructive)? No, the limitations aren't "providing knowledge."
    *   Is it "relating to the process of education"? Yes, the limitations relate to the process of education (learning, schooling, academic achievement).

    *   Sense 1 (instructive): Used for things that *teach* (e.g., a book, a film, a trip).
    *   Sense 2 (relating to education): Used for things *associated* with the system or process of education (e.g., psychology, system, limitations, standards).

    *   "Educational limitations" fits Sense 2 (relating to the process of education).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: limitation
Target surface form: limitations
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational <t>limitations</t> of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=limitation%1:09:00:: | definition=a principle that limits the extent of something | synonyms=restriction | examples=I am willing to accept certain restrictions on my movements
2. sense_key=limitation%1:23:00:: | definition=the greatest amount of something that is possible or allowed | synonyms=limit | examples=there are limits on the amount you can bet; it is growing rapidly with no limitation in sight
3. sense_key=limitation%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being limited or restricted | examples=it is a good plan but it has serious limitations
4. sense_key=limitation%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of limiting or restricting (as by regulation) | synonyms=restriction
5. sense_key=limitation%1:28:00:: | definition=(law) a time period after which suits cannot be brought | examples=statute of limitations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `limitation`
    *   Target surface form: `limitations`
    *   Context: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational <t>limitations</t> of their children."

    *   Sense 1: `limitation%1:09:00::` - a principle that limits the extent of something (synonym: restriction). Example: "restrictions on my movements". (Doesn't fit; not a principle/rule).
    *   Sense 2: `limitation%1:23:00::` - the greatest amount of something that is possible or allowed (synonym: limit). Example: "limits on the amount you can bet". (Doesn't fit; not talking about a maximum quota).
    *   Sense 3: `limitation%1:07:00::` - the quality of being limited or restricted. Example: "it is a good plan but it has serious limitations". (Fits; refers to shortcomings, deficiencies, or constraints in ability/capacity).
    *   Sense 4: `limitation%1:04:00::` - an act of limiting or restricting (as by regulation). (Doesn't fit; not an act of regulation).
    *   Sense 5: `limitation%1:28:00::` - (law) a time period after which suits cannot be brought. (Doesn't fit; not a legal context).

    *   The sentence says "educational limitations of their children."
    *   This refers to the children's shortcomings, deficiencies, or the limits of their educational attainment/ability.
    *   Sense 3 ("the quality of being limited or restricted") is the standard way to describe shortcomings or deficiencies (e.g., "the limitations of the human mind").

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their <t>children</t>. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
2. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
3. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel
4. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `child`
    *   Target surface form: `children`
    *   Context: "...Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their <t>children</t>. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `child%1:18:01::`: a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age.
        2.  `child%1:18:06::`: an immature childish person.
        3.  `child%1:18:07::`: a member of a clan or tribe.
        4.  `child%1:18:00::`: a young person of either sex.

    *   The sentence is: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   The word "children" is used in the context of "parents" and "educational limitations."
    *   The relationship is between parents and their offspring.

    *   Sense 1: "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age". This fits perfectly because the context mentions "Parents" and "their children".
    *   Sense 2: "an immature childish person". This is a metaphorical or behavioral description. Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 3: "a member of a clan or tribe". Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 4: "a young person of either sex". While children are young people, the specific relationship to "parents" makes "offspring" (Sense 1) a more precise fit than just "young person" (Sense 4).

    *   Sense 1 emphasizes the kinship relationship (offspring).
    *   Sense 4 emphasizes the age/stage of life (young person).
    *   The phrase "their children" (referring to parents) strongly points to the kinship meaning.

    *   Sense 1: "they had three children" (kinship).
    *   Sense 4: "she writes books for children" (age group).
    *   The context "Parents... their children" matches the example "they had three children".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: Parents
Context:
What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. <t>Parents</t> should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained
2. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `parent`
    *   Target surface form: `Parents`
    *   Context: "What Gov. Clinton is advocating... <t>Parents</t> should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `parent%1:03:00::`: an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained.
        2.  `parent%1:18:00::`: a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian.

    *   The sentence is: "Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school."
    *   The context discusses education, children, and the role of fathers/mothers in their children's schooling.
    *   The word "Parents" here clearly refers to human parents (fathers and mothers) of the children.

    *   Sense 1 is a broad biological definition (plants or animals).
    *   Sense 2 is specifically about human parents (father, mother, guardian).

    *   Sense 2 is the precise fit for the context of human children and their education.