[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their <t>report</t> galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
2. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
5. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `report`
    *   Context: "They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions... Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged... Their <t>report</t> galvanized other molecular biologists."
    *   Key context clues: "uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions", "coherent picture of cancer development emerged", "galvanized other molecular biologists", "confirming evidence we all needed".

    *   Sense 1: `report%1:10:01::` - act of informing by verbal report (account).
    *   Sense 2: `report%1:10:03::` - a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (study, written report).
    *   Sense 3: `report%1:10:00::` - a short account of the news (news report, story).
    *   Sense 4: `report%1:10:04::` - a written evaluation of a student's scholarship (report card).
    *   Sense 5: `report%1:09:00::` - general estimation that the public has for a person (reputation).
    *   Sense 6: `report%1:10:02::` - an essay (composition, paper).
    *   Sense 7: `report%1:11:00::` - a sharp explosive sound (gun firing).

    *   The context describes scientific research (genetic deletions, cancer development, molecular biologists).
    *   The "report" in question is the result of this research ("Their report galvanized other molecular biologists").
    *   This fits perfectly with Sense 2: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (synonyms: study, written report).

    *   Sense 1 (verbal report) is less likely for scientific findings that "galvanize" a community of biologists.
    *   Sense 3 (news report) is a journalistic account, not the primary scientific document.
    *   Sense 6 (essay/composition) is usually for students.
    *   Senses 4, 5, and 7 are completely irrelevant.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: galvanize
Target surface form: galvanized
Context:
They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report <t>galvanized</t> other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=galvanize%2:37:00:: | definition=to stimulate to action | synonyms=startle, galvanise | examples=..startled him awake; galvanized into action
2. sense_key=galvanize%2:35:00:: | definition=cover with zinc | synonyms=galvanise | examples=galvanize steel
3. sense_key=galvanize%2:29:02:: | definition=stimulate (muscles) by administering a shock | synonyms=galvanise

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `galvanize`
    *   Target surface form: `galvanized`
    *   Context: "Their report <t>galvanized</t> other molecular biologists. 'It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor...'"
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `galvanize%2:37:00::`: to stimulate to action (synonyms: startle, galvanise; examples: startled him awake, galvanized into action).
        2.  `galvanize%2:35:00::`: cover with zinc (synonyms: galvanise; examples: galvanize steel).
        3.  `galvanize%2:29:02::`: stimulate (muscles) by administering a shock (synonyms: galvanise).

    *   The sentence says "Their report galvanized other molecular biologists."
    *   The following quote explains that the report provided "confirming evidence we all needed," implying it motivated or stimulated the biologists to take action or pursue a specific line of research.
    *   This is a metaphorical use of "galvanize," meaning to shock or excite someone into taking action.

    *   Sense 1: "to stimulate to action" - Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "cover with zinc" - Does not fit (biologists are not covered in zinc).
    *   Sense 3: "stimulate (muscles) by administering a shock" - Does not fit (the report didn't literally shock their muscles with electricity).

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized <t>other</t> molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
2. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "other"
    *   Target surface form: "other"
    *   Context: "Their report galvanized <t>other</t> molecular biologists."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "other" refers to molecular biologists who were not the authors of the report.

    *   Sense 1: `other%5:00:00:past:00` | definition=recently past (e.g., "the other evening") - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 2: `other%3:00:00::` | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied (e.g., "the construction of highways and other public works") - *Correct*
    *   Sense 3: `other%5:00:02:past:00` | definition=belonging to the distant past (e.g., "former generations") - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 4: `other%5:00:00:strange:00` | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected (e.g., "a strange, other dimension") - *Incorrect*

    *   The sentence "Their report galvanized other molecular biologists" means it galvanized molecular biologists *besides* the ones who wrote the report. This fits perfectly with "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: confirming
Target surface form: confirming
Context:
Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the <t>confirming</t> evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=confirming%3:00:02:: | definition=indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen | synonyms=positive | examples=a positive pregnancy test
2. sense_key=confirming%5:00:00:supportive:00 | definition=serving to support or corroborate | synonyms=collateral, confirmative, confirmatory, corroborative, corroboratory, substantiating | examples=collateral evidence

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `confirming`
    *   Target surface form: `confirming`
    *   Context: "It was the <t>confirming</t> evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `confirming%3:00:02::`: indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen (e.g., positive pregnancy test).
        2.  `confirming%5:00:00:supportive:00`: serving to support or corroborate (e.g., collateral evidence).

    *   The sentence discusses scientific evidence regarding gene losses and cancer development.
    *   "confirming evidence" here means evidence that supports or corroborates a hypothesis or theory (that gene losses are critical).
    *   It is not referring to a medical test indicating the presence of a pathogen or condition in a patient (like a positive test result).

    *   Sense 1 is specific to medical diagnostics (pathogens, conditions).
    *   Sense 2 is general support or corroboration of a claim or theory.

    *   The context fits Sense 2 perfectly ("serving to support or corroborate").


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evidence
Target surface form: evidence
Context:
Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming <t>evidence</t> we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: | definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
2. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: | definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved
3. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: | definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `evidence`
    *   Context: "It was the confirming <t>evidence</t> we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `evidence%1:10:01::`: an indication that makes something evident (e.g., trembling as evidence of fear).
        2.  `evidence%1:10:00::`: (law) means by which fact is established at trial.
        3.  `evidence%1:09:00::`: basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief (synonym: grounds; example: evidence that smoking causes lung cancer).

    *   The context is scientific research (cancer development, gene losses, molecular biologists).
    *   The speaker (Ray White) is talking about "confirming evidence" that "gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor."
    *   This refers to scientific data/knowledge that supports a hypothesis or belief.

    *   Sense 1: "an indication that makes something evident" (usually a sign or symptom, like trembling).
    *   Sense 2: Legal evidence (not applicable here).
    *   Sense 3: "your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief" (fits scientific evidence perfectly; the example "evidence that smoking causes lung cancer" is almost identical in nature to "evidence that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor").

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: need
Target surface form: needed
Context:
Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all <t>needed</t> that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=need%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
2. sense_key=need%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
3. sense_key=need%2:34:01:: | definition=have or feel a need for | examples=always needing friends and money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `need`
    *   Target surface form: `needed`
    *   Context: "It was the confirming evidence we all <t>needed</t> that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `need%2:34:00::`: have need of (synonyms: want, require; example: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner")
        2.  `need%2:42:00::`: require as useful, just, or proper (synonyms: necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve; example: "It takes nerve to do what she did")
        3.  `need%2:34:01::`: have or feel a need for (example: "always needing friends and money")

    *   The sentence is: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed..."
    *   The "we" (molecular biologists) felt a lack of confirming evidence and required it to validate their theories.
    *   This is a state of wanting or requiring something that is missing or necessary for a goal (confirming a theory).

    *   Sense 1 (`need%2:34:00::`): "have need of" / "want, require". This often refers to something lacking that is necessary for a specific purpose (like the piano needing a tuner).
    *   Sense 2 (`need%2:42:00::`): "require as useful, just, or proper". This often refers to a prerequisite or a condition (e.g., "success requires hard work").
    *   Sense 3 (`need%2:34:01::`): "have or feel a need for". This often refers to a psychological or physical desire/necessity (e.g., "needing friends and money").

    *   The biologists "needed" the evidence. This is more about the evidence being a requirement for the scientific conclusion to be solid (Sense 1 or 2) or a felt need for confirmation (Sense 3).
    *   Let's look closer at Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
        *   Sense 1: "have need of" (e.g., the piano needs a tuner). The evidence is the "tuner" for their theory.
        *   Sense 2: "require as useful, just, or proper" (e.g., success requires hard work). This is more about a general requirement or a logical necessity.
        *   Sense 3: "have or feel a need for" (e.g., needing friends). This is more about a personal longing or deficiency.

    *   In "the confirming evidence we all needed", the biologists are the subjects. They are the ones who "have need of" the evidence.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3: Sense 1 is often used for things that *require* something to function or be complete. Sense 3 is often used for people *feeling* a need.
    *   Wait, let's re-examine Sense 1: "have need of" (synonyms: want, require). Example: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner."
    *   Sense 3: "have or feel a need for". Example: "always needing friends and money".
    *   The context "we all needed" fits the pattern of people requiring something to move forward with their understanding.

    *   Sense 1: "have need of" (want, require).
    *   Sense 2: "require as useful, just, or proper" (necessitate).
    *   Sense 3: "have or feel a need for".

    Looking at the examples:
    Sense 1: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner" (The piano is the subject).
    Sense 3: "always needing friends and money" (The person is the subject).

    In the target sentence: "we all needed [the evidence]". The subject is "we" (people). This aligns better with Sense 3 ("have or feel a need for") or Sense 1 ("have need of").

    However, "have need of" (Sense 1) and "have or feel a need for" (Sense 3) are very similar. Let's look at the nuance. Sense 1 is often more about a deficiency that needs to be filled for a purpose. Sense 3 is often more about a desire or a psychological need.

    Actually, looking at WordNet's structure:
    `need%2:34:00` (have need of)
    `need%2:34:01` (have or feel a need for)

    Wait, let me re-read the candidate senses provided in the prompt:
    1. `need%2:34:00::` | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
    2. `need%2:42:00::` | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
    3. `need%2:34:01::` | definition=have or feel a need for | examples=always needing friends and money

    In "the confirming evidence we all needed", the biologists are the ones who felt the lack of evidence and required it. This is a professional/intellectual need.

    Sense 2 is usually used when the *thing* is the subject (e.g., "The situation requires caution") or when it's a general requirement ("Success requires hard work"). Here, the people are the subject.

    Between 1 and 3:
    Sense 1: "have need of" (piano needs a tuner).
    Sense 3: "have or feel a need for" (needing friends and money).

    "Confirming evidence" is something they required to validate their work. This feels more like "have need of" (Sense 1) in the sense of requiring something to complete a task or reach a conclusion, rather than a psychological "feeling" of need (Sense 3).

    Let's double-check Sense 1 again. "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner." The piano *requires* the tuner to be in good shape. The biologists *require* the evidence to be sure of their theory.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 3 again. "always needing friends and money". This is a state of being.

    Actually, in many WordNet versions, `need%2:34:00` is the general "require" and `need%2:34:01` is more about the feeling.

    Let's re-evaluate: "the confirming evidence we all needed".
    They didn't just "feel" a need; they actually *required* the evidence for the scientific proof.

    Let's compare:
    - "I need a drink" (Sense 1 or 3?)
    - "The car needs gas" (Sense 1)
    - "The project needs more time" (Sense 1)
    - "He needs love" (Sense 3)

    "Confirming evidence" is more like "gas" for the theory or "time" for the project. It's a requirement for the goal.

    Therefore, Sense 1 ("have need of") is a better fit than Sense 3 ("have or feel a need for").

    Wait, let me look at Sense 2 again: "require as useful, just, or proper".
    "It was the confirming evidence we all needed".
    Could it be Sense 2? "Success usually requires hard work."
    If we rephrase: "The situation required confirming evidence."
    But the sentence is "we all needed".

    In "we all needed", the subject is the person.
    Sense 1: "have need of" (Subject: person or thing)
    Sense 2: "require as useful, just, or proper" (Subject: usually the situation or the goal)
    Sense 3: "have or feel a need for" (Subject: person)

    If the subject is "we", and the object is "evidence", Sense 1 ("have need of") fits well.

    Let's re-read the examples:
    Sense 1: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner"
    Sense 3: "always needing friends and money"

    The "evidence" is more like the "attention of a tuner" (something necessary for the correct state) than "friends and money" (something desired/needed for well-being).

    Wait, let me think about this again. "We all needed the evidence."
    Is it a feeling of need or a requirement?
    In science, "needing evidence" is a requirement for proof.

    Let's check Sense 1 synonyms: "want, require".
    Let's check Sense 2 synonyms: "necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve".

    Sense 1 seems the most versatile for "have need of".

    Let's double-check Sense 3 again: "have or feel a need for".
    If the biologists "felt" the need for evidence, it would be Sense 3.
    If they "required" the evidence to prove their point, it would be Sense 1.

    In the context of "confirming evidence we all needed", it's about the necessity of the evidence for the scientific conclusion.

    Let's try to see if Sense 1 is the best fit.
    Sense 1: have need of.
    Sense 2: require as useful, just, or proper.
    Sense 3: have or feel a need for.

    Actually, looking at other WSD tasks, "need" in the sense of "requiring something for a purpose" is often mapped to the "have need of" sense.

    Let's re-examine Sense 1 and 3 one more time.
    Sense 1: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner"
    Sense 3: "always needing friends and money"

    The evidence is a requirement for the scientific theory to be accepted. This is more like the piano needing a tuner than a person needing friends.

    Final check:
    Context: "confirming evidence we all needed"
    Sense 1: have need of (want, require)
    Sense 2: require as useful, just, or proper (necessitate)
    Sense 3: have or feel a need for

    Sense 1 is the most fitting.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: loss
Target surface form: losses
Context:
Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene <t>losses</t> were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=loss%1:21:01:: | definition=something that is lost | examples=the car was a total loss; loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt
2. sense_key=loss%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of losing someone or something | examples=everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock
3. sense_key=loss%1:22:00:: | definition=gradual decline in amount or activity | examples=weight loss; a serious loss of business
4. sense_key=loss%1:07:00:: | definition=the disadvantage that results from losing something | synonyms=deprivation | examples=his loss of credibility led to his resignation; losing him is no great deprivation
5. sense_key=loss%1:11:02:: | definition=euphemistic expressions for death | synonyms=passing, departure, exit, expiration, going, release | examples=thousands mourned his passing
6. sense_key=loss%1:21:00:: | definition=the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue | synonyms=red ink, red | examples=the company operated at a loss last year; the company operated in the red last year
7. sense_key=loss%1:11:00:: | definition=military personnel lost by death or capture | synonyms=personnel casualty
8. sense_key=loss%1:11:01:: | definition=the experience of losing a loved one | examples=he sympathized on the loss of their grandfather

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `loss`
    *   Target surface form: `losses`
    *   Context: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene <t>losses</t> were critical to the development of a common tumor..."
    *   Surrounding context: "If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out... If both copies of a second gene were then deleted... more than one gene had to be damaged..."

    *   Sense 1: `something that is lost` (e.g., total loss, loss of livestock).
    *   Sense 2: `the act of losing someone or something` (e.g., his loss was a shock).
    *   Sense 3: `gradual decline in amount or activity` (e.g., weight loss, loss of business).
    *   Sense 4: `the disadvantage that results from losing something` (e.g., loss of credibility).
    *   Sense 5: `euphemistic expressions for death` (e.g., passing).
    *   Sense 6: `the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue` (e.g., operated at a loss).
    *   Sense 7: `military personnel lost by death or capture`.
    *   Sense 8: `the experience of losing a loved one`.

    *   The text discusses genes being "knocked out" or "deleted".
    *   "Gene losses" refers to the fact that genes (or parts of them) are gone/missing.
    *   Is it a "gradual decline" (Sense 3)? No, gene deletion is usually a discrete event (though the process of cancer development is gradual, the "loss" of a gene is the fact that it's gone).
    *   Is it "something that is lost" (Sense 1)? Yes. In genetics, a "loss" (like a deletion) refers to the missing genetic material itself or the event of it being gone.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2 vs Sense 3.
        *   Sense 1: "something that is lost" (the car was a total loss).
        *   Sense 2: "the act of losing someone or something".
        *   Sense 3: "gradual decline in amount or activity" (weight loss).
    *   In "gene losses", the "losses" are the specific genes that have been lost/deleted. This fits "something that is lost" (Sense 1) better than "the act of losing" (Sense 2) or "gradual decline" (Sense 3).

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again: "something that is lost". Example: "the car was a total loss".
    *   Let's look at Sense 2: "the act of losing someone or something".
    *   Let's look at Sense 3: "gradual decline in amount or activity". Example: "weight loss".
    *   In biological contexts, "loss of function" or "gene loss" often refers to the state of no longer having the gene or the process of losing it.
    *   If "gene losses" refers to the specific genes that were deleted, Sense 1 ("something that is lost") is the most accurate. If it refers to the process, Sense 2 might fit. However, "gene losses" (plural) suggests the specific instances/items lost.

    *   Sense 1: something that is lost.
    *   Sense 2: the act of losing.
    *   Sense 3: gradual decline.
    *   Sense 4: disadvantage.
    *   Sense 5: death.
    *   Sense 6: financial loss.
    *   Sense 7: military casualties.
    *   Sense 8: grief.

    Comparing "gene losses" to "the car was a total loss" (Sense 1) vs "his loss was a shock" (Sense 2) vs "weight loss" (Sense 3).
    "Gene loss" is very similar to "weight loss" in terms of phrasing, but "weight loss" is a decline in amount. Gene loss is the disappearance of a specific entity (the gene).
    Actually, looking at Sense 1 again: "something that is lost". If a gene is deleted, the gene is the thing that is lost. "Gene losses" = the things (genes) that were lost.

    Let's double-check if "loss" in "gene loss" is typically categorized as the *act* or the *thing*.
    "Gene loss" usually refers to the phenomenon of a gene being deleted from the genome.
    If I say "the loss of the gene", it's the act/fact of losing it.
    If I say "gene losses were critical", it means the occurrences of genes being lost.

    Let's re-examine Sense 1: "something that is lost".
    Example: "loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt". Here, the livestock are the things lost.
    In "gene losses", the genes are the things lost.

    Let's re-examine Sense 2: "the act of losing someone or something".
    Example: "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock". (This is more about losing a competition).

    Let's re-examine Sense 3: "gradual decline in amount or activity".
    Example: "weight loss".

    In the context of "gene losses were critical", it refers to the deletions themselves. This aligns best with Sense 1 (the things that were lost).

    *Self-Correction:* Is "gene loss" a "gradual decline" (Sense 3)? No. Is it "the act of losing" (Sense 2)? Maybe, but "losses" (plural) suggests the specific instances/items. Sense 1 ("something that is lost") fits "losses" (plural) well (e.g., "the losses were heavy" in a non-military sense, though that often overlaps with Sense 7).

    Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again: "something that is lost".
    Example: "the car was a total loss".
    Example: "loss of livestock".
    In "loss of livestock", the "loss" is the livestock that were lost.
    In "gene losses", the "losses" are the genes that were lost.

    This seems the most plausible.

    Sense 1: something that is lost.
    Sense 2: the act of losing.
    Sense 3: gradual decline.
    Sense 4: disadvantage.
    Sense 5: death.
    Sense 6: financial.
    Sense 7: military.
    Sense 8: grief.

    "Gene losses" = the genes that were lost.
    Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: critical
Target surface form: critical
Context:
Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were <t>critical</t> to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=critical%3:00:04:: | definition=at or of a point at which a property or phenomenon suffers an abrupt change especially having enough mass to sustain a chain reaction | examples=a critical temperature of water is 100 degrees C--its boiling point at standard atmospheric pressure; critical mass
2. sense_key=critical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or involving or characteristic of critics or criticism | examples=critical acclaim
3. sense_key=critical%3:00:02:: | definition=characterized by careful evaluation and judgment | examples=a critical reading; a critical dissertation
4. sense_key=critical%5:00:00:crucial:00 | definition=forming or having the nature of a turning point or crisis | synonyms=decisive | examples=a critical point in the campaign; the critical test
5. sense_key=critical%3:00:01:: | definition=marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws | examples=a critical attitude
6. sense_key=critical%5:00:00:indispensable:00 | definition=urgently needed; absolutely necessary | synonyms=vital | examples=a critical element of the plan; critical medical supplies
7. sense_key=critical%3:00:03:: | definition=being in or verging on a state of crisis or emergency | examples=a critical shortage of food; a critical illness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "critical"
    *   Context: "...gene losses were <t>critical</t> to the development of a common tumor..."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "critical" means that the gene losses were essential or absolutely necessary for the tumor to develop.

    *   Sense 1: Abrupt change/chain reaction (physics/chemistry). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Critics/criticism. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Careful evaluation/judgment. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Turning point or crisis (decisive). (Possible, but usually refers to a moment in time or a specific test).
    *   Sense 5: Finding errors/flaws. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Urgently needed; absolutely necessary (vital). (Strong fit: "gene losses were absolutely necessary/vital to the development...")
    *   Sense 7: State of crisis or emergency. (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 4 (crucial/decisive) vs. Sense 6 (indispensable/vital).
    *   "Gene losses were critical to the development..."
    *   If you remove the gene losses, the tumor doesn't develop. This makes them "absolutely necessary" or "vital."
    *   Sense 6 definition: "urgently needed; absolutely necessary" (synonym: vital).
    *   Sense 4 definition: "forming or having the nature of a turning point or crisis" (synonym: decisive).
    *   While "decisive" could almost work, "absolutely necessary" (Sense 6) is the standard way to describe a requirement for a biological process to occur.

    *   Sense 6 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: development
Target surface form: development
Context:
Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the <t>development</t> of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=development%1:11:01:: | definition=a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation | examples=recent developments in Iraq; what a revolting development!
2. sense_key=development%1:22:01:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growth, growing, maturation, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
3. sense_key=development%1:04:01:: | definition=act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining | examples=he congratulated them on their development of a plan to meet the emergency; they funded research and development
4. sense_key=development%1:15:00:: | definition=a district that has been developed to serve some purpose | examples=such land is practical for small park developments
5. sense_key=development%1:22:00:: | definition=processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible | synonyms=developing | examples=the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours
6. sense_key=development%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes are developed and elaborated
7. sense_key=development%1:22:02:: | definition=a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage) | synonyms=evolution | examples=the development of his ideas took many years; the evolution of Greek civilization
8. sense_key=development%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful | synonyms=exploitation | examples=the development of Alaskan resources; the exploitation of copper deposits
9. sense_key=development%1:26:00:: | definition=a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess) | examples=after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter; in chess your should take care of your development before moving your queen

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "development"
    *   Context: "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the <t>development</t> of a common tumor..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses cancer development, gene knockouts, benign polyps progressing to malignancy, and the process of a colon cell flipping into malignancy.

    *   Sense 1: A recent event (e.g., "recent developments in Iraq"). -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: (Biology) Process of an individual organism growing organically (growth, maturation, ontogeny). -> This is about the growth of an organism, not necessarily the progression of a disease/tumor.
    *   Sense 3: Act of improving by expanding/enlarging/refining (e.g., "development of a plan"). -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: A district developed for a purpose. -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5: Processing photosensitive material. -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 6: Music section. -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 7: A process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage) (synonym: evolution). -> This fits the progression from benign polyps to malignancy (a "different stage").
    *   Sense 8: Making land/water more profitable. -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 9: A state in which things are improving; result of developing (chess). -> Not applicable.

    *   Sense 2 is specifically biological growth of an organism.
    *   Sense 7 is a general process of passing by degrees to a different stage.
    *   The context describes the progression of cancer: "benign polyps would develop... progress to malignancy... gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor."
    *   While cancer is biological, "development" here refers to the progression/evolution of the disease state (from healthy cell -> polyp -> malignancy), which aligns better with Sense 7 ("passes by degrees to a different stage"). Sense 2 is more about the natural growth/maturation of an organism (ontogeny).

    *   Sense 7: "a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)".
    *   Cancer progression is exactly this: a series of stages (initiation, promotion, progression).

    *   Sense 2: "the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level".
    *   While a tumor is biological, it's not the "organism" growing organically in the sense of maturation/ontogeny. It's a pathological process of progression.

    *   Sense 7 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: common
Target surface form: common
Context:
Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a <t>common</t> tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=common%5:00:00:unrefined:01 | definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | synonyms=coarse, rough-cut, uncouth, vulgar | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind; behavior that branded him as common
2. sense_key=common%3:00:02:: | definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good; common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community
3. sense_key=common%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency
4. sense_key=common%5:00:00:lowborn:00 | definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | synonyms=plebeian, vulgar, unwashed | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly; behavior that branded him as common
5. sense_key=common%5:00:00:shared:00 | definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | synonyms=mutual | examples=a common friend; the mutual interests of management and labor
6. sense_key=common%5:00:00:familiar:02 | definition=commonly encountered | synonyms=usual | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting
7. sense_key=common%3:00:01:: | definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man; a common sailor
8. sense_key=common%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | synonyms=coarse | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded; produced...the common cloths used by the poorer population
9. sense_key=common%5:00:00:informal:02 | definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | synonyms=vernacular, vulgar | examples=common parlance; a vernacular term

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "common"
    *   Context: "...gene losses were critical to the development of a <t>common</t> tumor..."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "common tumor" refers to a type of tumor that occurs frequently or is widely encountered in the population (colon cancer).

    *   Sense 1: lacking refinement (coarse, vulgar) - No.
    *   Sense 2: belonging to a community (public) - No.
    *   Sense 3: to be expected; standard (common decency) - No.
    *   Sense 4: of or associated with the great masses (plebeian) - No.
    *   Sense 5: shared by two or more parties (mutual) - No.
    *   Sense 6: commonly encountered (usual) - Yes. (Example: "a common (or familiar) complaint")
    *   Sense 7: having no special distinction; average or ordinary - No.
    *   Sense 8: low or inferior quality - No.
    *   Sense 9: characteristic of everyday language (vernacular) - No.

    *   The context describes colon cancer, which is a frequent/prevalent type of cancer.
    *   "Commonly encountered" (Sense 6) fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 6: "commonly encountered" | synonyms=usual | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint.
    *   This matches the usage of "common tumor" (a tumor that is frequently seen).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "<t>says</t> Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
2. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
3. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
4. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
5. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
6. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
7. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon
9. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `say`
    *   Target surface form: `says`
    *   Context: "...'It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor,' <t>says</t> Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City."
    *   The word "says" is used here to attribute a direct quote to a person (Ray White).

    *   Sense 1: report or maintain (allege, aver) - Often used for claims that might be disputed.
    *   Sense 2: express in words (state, tell) - General expression of information or thoughts.
    *   Sense 3: give instructions/direct (order, tell) - Imperative.
    *   Sense 4: speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way (articulate) - Focus on pronunciation.
    *   Sense 5: utter aloud - Focus on the physical act of speaking.
    *   Sense 6: express a supposition (suppose) - Hypothetical.
    *   Sense 7: have or contain a certain wording (read) - Used for texts/laws.
    *   Sense 8: indicate - Used for clocks/signs.
    *   Sense 9: communicate nonverbally - Used for paintings/faces.
    *   Sense 10: recite or repeat a fixed text - Used for prayers.
    *   Sense 11: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare.

    *   The context is a direct quote: "It was the confirming evidence... says Ray White".
    *   This is a standard reporting verb used to attribute a statement.
    *   Sense 2 ("express in words", synonyms: state, tell) is the most general and fitting sense for reporting a statement.
    *   Sense 1 ("report or maintain") is often used for allegations or claims that are not necessarily accepted as fact.
    *   Sense 11 ("state as one's opinion or judgement") is close, but Sense 2 is the primary sense for attributing a quote in a narrative or journalistic style.

    *   Sense 2: "express in words" (state, tell). Example: "He said that he wanted to marry her". This fits the pattern of attributing a statement.
    *   Sense 1: "report or maintain" (allege, aver). Example: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime". This implies a level of doubt or a formal claim.
    *   In the context of a scientific report or interview, "says" is typically the neutral reporting verb (Sense 2).

    *   The sentence is: "...'It was the confirming evidence we all needed...', says Ray White..."
    *   This is a direct attribution of a spoken or written statement.
    *   Sense 2 is the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yet
Target surface form: yet
Context:
If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had <t>yet</t> to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yet%4:02:00:: | definition=within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time | synonyms=in time | examples=he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves; sooner or later you will have to face the facts
2. sense_key=yet%4:02:03:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
3. sense_key=yet%4:02:02:: | definition=up to the present time | examples=I have yet to see the results; details are yet to be worked out
4. sense_key=yet%4:02:06:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, still, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
5. sense_key=yet%4:02:04:: | definition=used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time | synonyms=so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet | examples=So far he hasn't called; the sun isn't up yet
6. sense_key=yet%4:02:05:: | definition=used after a superlative | synonyms=so far | examples=this is the best so far; the largest drug bust yet

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "yet"
    *   Target surface form: "yet"
    *   Context: "But Dr. Vogelstein had <t>yet</t> to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy."

    *   Sense 1: within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time (e.g., "flowers that were yet to show themselves").
    *   Sense 2: to a greater degree or extent (e.g., "an even more interesting problem").
    *   Sense 3: up to the present time (e.g., "I have yet to see the results").
    *   Sense 4: despite anything to the contrary (e.g., "however I'd like to try it").
    *   Sense 5: used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point (e.g., "the sun isn't up yet").
    *   Sense 6: used after a superlative (e.g., "the best so far").

    *   The sentence is: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene..."
    *   This structure ("had yet to [verb]") is a common way of saying that something has not happened up to the present (or the point in time being discussed in the narrative).
    *   Comparing this to the candidate senses:
        *   Sense 3: "up to the present time" (Example: "I have yet to see the results"). This matches the structure "had yet to nail" perfectly.
        *   Sense 5: "used in negative statement... up to the present time" (Example: "the sun isn't up yet"). While the meaning is similar, "had yet to" is a positive construction with a negative meaning, whereas Sense 5 specifically mentions "negative statement" (like "hasn't called").
        *   Sense 1: "within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time". This is more about future expectation than the state of not having achieved something yet.

    *   The phrase "had yet to" is a classic example of Sense 3 ("up to the present time").
    *   Example for Sense 3: "I have yet to see the results" matches "Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity".

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: nail
Target surface form: nail
Context:
If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to <t>nail</t> the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=nail%2:40:00:: | definition=locate exactly | synonyms=pinpoint | examples=can you pinpoint the position of the enemy?; The chemists could not nail the identity of the chromosome
2. sense_key=nail%2:35:00:: | definition=attach something somewhere by means of nails | examples=nail the board onto the wall
3. sense_key=nail%2:35:02:: | definition=hit hard | synonyms=smash, boom, blast | examples=He smashed a 3-run homer
4. sense_key=nail%2:33:00:: | definition=complete a pass | synonyms=complete
5. sense_key=nail%2:41:00:: | definition=succeed at easily | synonyms=breeze through, ace, pass with flying colors, sweep through, sail through | examples=She sailed through her exams; You will pass with flying colors
6. sense_key=nail%2:35:01:: | definition=take into custody | synonyms=collar, apprehend, arrest, pick up, nab, cop | examples=the police nabbed the suspected criminals
7. sense_key=nail%2:41:01:: | definition=succeed in obtaining a position | synonyms=nail down, peg | examples=He nailed down a spot at Harvard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "nail"
    *   Target surface form: "nail"
    *   Context: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to <t>nail</t> the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "nail" means to identify precisely or locate exactly.

    *   Sense 1: `locate exactly` | synonyms: `pinpoint` | example: "The chemists could not nail the identity of the chromosome"
    *   Sense 2: `attach something somewhere by means of nails`
    *   Sense 3: `hit hard`
    *   Sense 4: `complete a pass`
    *   Sense 5: `succeed at easily`
    *   Sense 6: `take into custody`
    *   Sense 7: `succeed in obtaining a position`

    *   The context "nail the identity of the gene" matches perfectly with Sense 1 ("locate exactly", synonym "pinpoint", example "nail the identity of the chromosome").


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: identity
Target surface form: identity
Context:
If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the <t>identity</t> of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=identity%1:07:00:: | definition=the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity | synonyms=personal identity, individuality | examples=you can lose your identity when you join the army
2. sense_key=identity%1:09:00:: | definition=the individual characteristics by which a thing or person is recognized or known | examples=geneticists only recently discovered the identity of the gene that causes it; it was too dark to determine his identity
3. sense_key=identity%1:07:02:: | definition=exact sameness | synonyms=identicalness, indistinguishability | examples=they shared an identity of interests
4. sense_key=identity%1:24:01:: | definition=an operator that leaves unchanged the element on which it operates | synonyms=identity element, identity operator | examples=the identity under numerical multiplication is 1

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `identity`
    *   Target surface form: `identity`
    *   Context: "...But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the <t>identity</t> of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `identity%1:07:00::`: distinct personality of an individual (individuality).
        2.  `identity%1:09:00::`: individual characteristics by which a thing or person is recognized or known. (Example: "geneticists only recently discovered the identity of the gene that causes it").
        3.  `identity%1:07:02::`: exact sameness (identicalness).
        4.  `identity%1:24:01::`: an operator that leaves unchanged the element on which it operates (mathematics).

    *   The sentence is about identifying a specific gene responsible for a biological process (colon cancer).
    *   "nail the identity of the gene" means to determine exactly which gene it is.
    *   This matches the definition "the individual characteristics by which a thing or person is recognized or known" and specifically matches the example "geneticists only recently discovered the identity of the gene that causes it".

    *   Sense 1: Personality/individuality (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 2: Recognition/identification of a thing (Correct).
    *   Sense 3: Sameness (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 4: Mathematical operator (Incorrect).

    *   The best sense is index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damage
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if <t>damaged</t>, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damage%2:30:01:: | definition=suffer or be susceptible to damage | examples=These fine china cups damage easily
2. sense_key=damage%2:30:00:: | definition=inflict damage upon | examples=The snow damaged the roof; She damaged the car when she hit the tree

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `damage`
    *   Target surface form: `damaged`
    *   Context: "...more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop... Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if <t>damaged</t>, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `damage%2:30:01::` (suffer or be susceptible to damage) - Intransitive/Passive-like meaning (e.g., "china cups damage easily").
        2.  `damage%2:30:00::` (inflict damage upon) - Transitive meaning (e.g., "The snow damaged the roof").

    *   Sentence 1: "...more than one gene had to be damaged..." (Passive voice: gene = object of the damage).
    *   Sentence 2: "...the identity of the gene that, if <t>damaged</t>, flipped a colon cell..." (Passive construction: "if [the gene were] damaged").

    *   Sense 1: "suffer or be susceptible to damage" (Intransitive/Middle voice).
    *   Sense 2: "inflict damage upon" (Transitive).

    Wait, let's look closer at the grammar.
    "If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out..."
    "If both copies of a second gene were then deleted..."
    "more than one gene had to be damaged..."
    "the gene that, if damaged..."

    In "more than one gene had to be damaged", "damaged" is the past participle used in a passive construction. The gene is the *recipient* of the damage.
    In "the gene that, if damaged", "damaged" is also a past participle in a reduced passive clause ("if [it were] damaged").

    Now, let's look at the WordNet senses provided:
    Sense 1: "suffer or be susceptible to damage" (e.g., "china cups damage easily"). This is the *middle voice* or *intransitive* use.
    Sense 2: "inflict damage upon" (e.g., "The snow damaged the roof"). This is the *transitive* use.

    In the context "gene had to be damaged" and "if [the gene were] damaged", the verb is used passively. The passive voice is derived from the transitive use (Sense 2).
    If I say "The roof was damaged by the snow", the verb "damaged" is the passive form of "inflict damage upon".
    If I say "The cups damage easily", the verb "damage" is used intransitively to mean "are easily damaged".

    The context "gene had to be damaged" is a passive construction of "something damaged the gene". Therefore, it aligns with the transitive sense (Sense 2) used in the passive voice.

    *   Sense 1: "suffer or be susceptible to damage" (Intransitive). Example: "china cups damage easily".
    *   Sense 2: "inflict damage upon" (Transitive). Example: "The snow damaged the roof".

    "The gene was damaged" $\rightarrow$ "Something damaged the gene" $\rightarrow$ Sense 2.

    Wait, let me double-check if "suffer damage" (Sense 1) fits better.
    "The gene suffered damage" vs "The gene was damaged".
    Sense 1 says "suffer or be susceptible to damage".
    If the sentence was "Genes damage easily", that would be Sense 1.
    But the sentence is "gene had to be damaged" (passive) and "if damaged" (passive).

    Passive voice always comes from a transitive verb. Sense 2 is the transitive verb.

    Sense 1: Intransitive/Middle.
    Sense 2: Transitive.
    Context: Passive.
    Passive $\rightarrow$ Transitive.

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: flip
Target surface form: flipped
Context:
If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, <t>flipped</t> a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=flip%2:35:03:: | definition=turn upside down, or throw so as to reverse | synonyms=flip over, turn over | examples=flip over the pork chop; turn over the pancakes
2. sense_key=flip%2:31:00:: | definition=react in an excited, delighted, or surprised way | synonyms=flip out | examples=he flipped when he heard that he was accepted into Princeton University
3. sense_key=flip%2:38:00:: | definition=lightly throw to see which side comes up | synonyms=toss | examples=I don't know what to do--I may as well flip a coin!
4. sense_key=flip%2:35:01:: | definition=cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation | synonyms=throw, switch | examples=switch on the light; throw the lever
5. sense_key=flip%2:35:00:: | definition=throw or toss with a light motion | synonyms=toss, sky, pitch | examples=flip me the beachball; toss me newspaper
6. sense_key=flip%2:30:00:: | definition=reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action) | synonyms=interchange, tack, switch, alternate, flip-flop
7. sense_key=flip%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to move with a flick | synonyms=flick | examples=he flicked his Bic
8. sense_key=flip%2:39:10:: | definition=look through a book or other written material | synonyms=flick, thumb, riffle, leaf, riff | examples=He thumbed through the report; She leafed through the volume
9. sense_key=flip%2:35:05:: | definition=move with a flick or light motion
10. sense_key=flip%2:38:02:: | definition=toss with a sharp movement so as to cause to turn over in the air | synonyms=twitch
11. sense_key=flip%2:30:13:: | definition=go mad, go crazy | synonyms=flip out | examples=He flipped when he heard that he was being laid off

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `flip`
    *   Target surface form: `flipped`
    *   Context: "...Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, <t>flipped</t> a colon cell into full-blown malignancy."
    *   Meaning: The gene's damage caused the cell to change state (from benign/normal to malignant).

    *   1: turn upside down (physical)
    *   2: react in an excited way (emotional)
    *   3: toss a coin (random choice)
    *   4: cause to go on or be engaged (like a switch)
    *   5: throw or toss (physical)
    *   6: reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)
    *   7: cause to move with a flick (physical)
    *   8: look through a book (physical)
    *   9: move with a flick (physical)
    *   10: toss with a sharp movement (physical)
    *   11: go mad (emotional)

    *   The context describes a biological "switch" mechanism. A gene is damaged, and this triggers a change in the cell's state (benign $\rightarrow$ malignant).
    *   Sense 4: "cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation" (synonyms: throw, switch). This fits the metaphor of a genetic switch.
    *   Sense 6: "reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)" (synonyms: interchange, tack, switch, alternate, flip-flop). This is about reversing something already in place.
    *   Comparing 4 and 6: Sense 4 is about activating a process or state (like flipping a switch to turn on a light). Sense 6 is about reversing a direction. The transition from a normal cell to a malignant one is more like activating a disease state (flipping a switch) than reversing a direction.

    *   "flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy"
    *   This is a common metaphor in genetics/biology (the "genetic switch").
    *   Sense 4: "cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation" (synonyms: throw, switch).
    *   Sense 6: "reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)".

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 4 vs Sense 6.
    Sense 4: "cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation" (e.g., switch on the light).
    Sense 6: "reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)".

    In the context of a cell becoming malignant, it's not reversing a direction; it's changing state or triggering a process. "Flipping a switch" is the intended metaphor. Sense 4 specifically mentions "switch" and "cause to go on".

    Wait, let me look at Sense 6 again: "reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)".
    Is the cell "reversing" its course? Not really. It's changing its nature.

    Let's look at Sense 4 again: "cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation". This fits the "switch" metaphor perfectly.

    *   Sense 4: "cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation" (synonyms: throw, switch).
    *   Example: "switch on the light".
    *   Context: "flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy".
    *   This matches the "switch" metaphor used in biology.

    *   Sense 1: No.
    *   Sense 2: No.
    *   Sense 3: No.
    *   Sense 5: No.
    *   Sense 6: No (not a reversal).
    *   Sense 7: No.
    *   Sense 8: No.
    *   Sense 9: No.
    *   Sense 10: No.
    *   Sense 11: No.

    Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: colon
Target surface form: colon
Context:
If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a <t>colon</t> cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=colon%1:23:01:: | definition=the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos | synonyms=El Salvadoran colon
2. sense_key=colon%1:23:00:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos | synonyms=Costa Rican colon
3. sense_key=colon%1:08:00:: | definition=the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
4. sense_key=colon%1:15:00:: | definition=a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal | synonyms=Aspinwall
5. sense_key=colon%1:10:00:: | definition=a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "colon"
    *   Target surface form: "colon"
    *   Context: "...more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop... Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a <t>colon</t> cell into full-blown malignancy."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Money in El Salvador.
        2.  Money in Costa Rica.
        3.  Part of the large intestine.
        4.  Port city in Panama.
        5.  Punctuation mark (:).

    *   The context mentions "colon cancer," "gene," "malignancy," and "cell."
    *   This clearly refers to the biological organ (the large intestine).

    *   Sense 3: "the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted."

    *   Sense 3 matches the biological context perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cell
Context:
If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon <t>cell</t> into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
2. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
3. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
4. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell
7. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "cell"
    *   Context: "But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon <t>cell</t> into full-blown malignancy."
    *   Key terms in context: "gene", "colon", "malignancy", "molecular biologists", "tumor", "chromosome 17".

    *   Sense 1: Electric current device (battery).
    *   Sense 2: Mobile phone.
    *   Sense 3: Political movement unit (cadre).
    *   Sense 4: Monk/nun's room.
    *   Sense 5: Small compartment (e.g., honeycomb).
    *   Sense 6: Prisoner's room.
    *   Sense 7: (biology) basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.

    *   The context is clearly biological/medical, discussing genes, colon cancer, tumors, and malignancy.
    *   "colon cell" refers to the biological unit that makes up the colon tissue.
    *   Sense 7 is the biological definition.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: full-blown
Target surface form: full-blown
Context:
If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into <t>full-blown</t> malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=full-blown%5:00:00:mature:01 | definition=fully ripe; at the height of bloom | synonyms=matured | examples=a full-blown rose
2. sense_key=full-blown%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=having or displaying all the characteristics necessary for completeness | examples=a full-blown financial crisis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `full-blown`
    *   Target surface form: `full-blown`
    *   Context: "...flipped a colon cell into <t>full-blown</t> malignancy."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `full-blown%5:00:00:mature:01`: fully ripe; at the height of bloom (e.g., a full-blown rose).
        2.  `full-blown%5:00:00:complete:00`: having or displaying all the characteristics necessary for completeness (e.g., a full-blown financial crisis).

    *   The context describes the progression of colon cancer: benign polyps $\rightarrow$ malignancy.
    *   "full-blown malignancy" refers to a cancer that has fully developed all the characteristics of a malignant tumor, rather than being in an early or benign stage.

    *   Sense 1 refers to botanical ripeness or blooming (roses). This is not applicable to cancer.
    *   Sense 2 refers to completeness or having all the characteristics of a particular state (e.g., a financial crisis). This fits "full-blown malignancy" perfectly, as it means the malignancy is complete/fully developed.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: malignancy
Target surface form: malignancy
Context:
If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown <t>malignancy</t>. They focused on chromosome 17.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=malignancy%1:07:00:: | definition=quality of being disposed to evil; intense ill will | synonyms=malignity, malignance
2. sense_key=malignancy%1:26:00:: | definition=(medicine) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death | synonyms=malignance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "malignancy"
    *   Context: "If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy... flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy."
    *   Domain: Medicine/Biology (genetics, colon cancer, tumors).

    *   Sense 1: "quality of being disposed to evil; intense ill will" (Psychological/Moral)
    *   Sense 2: "(medicine) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death" (Medical/Pathological)

    *   The context discusses "benign polyps," "colon cancer," "tumor," and "colon cell."
    *   "Malignancy" here refers to the state of being cancerous (malignant).
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17. For <t>months</t> the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `month`
    *   Target surface form: `months`
    *   Context: "For <t>months</t> the Johns Hopkins researchers... experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `month%1:28:01::`: one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year (calendar month).
        2.  `month%1:28:00::`: a time unit of approximately 30 days.

    *   The sentence says "For months the Johns Hopkins researchers... crawled down the length of chromosome 17".
    *   This refers to a duration of time (several units of approximately 30 days), not specific calendar months (like January, February, etc.).
    *   "For months" typically indicates a period of time rather than specific divisions of a calendar year.

    *   Sense 1: Calendar month (e.g., "last month", "the month of May").
    *   Sense 2: A time unit of approximately 30 days (duration).

    *   The context "For months" describes the duration of the research process. This aligns perfectly with Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: using
Context:
It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop. Their report galvanized other molecular biologists. "It was the confirming evidence we all needed that gene losses were critical to the development of a common tumor, "says Ray White at Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, <t>using</t> gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
2. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
3. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall
6. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `use`
    *   Target surface form: `using`
    *   Context: "...the Johns Hopkins researchers, <t>using</t> gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17..."
    *   Meaning: The researchers employed gene probes as a tool to achieve their goal of finding the genetic material.

    *   Sense 1: `avail oneself to` (practice, apply) - e.g., apply a principle. (Not quite right; gene probes are tools, not principles).
    *   Sense 2: `put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose` (utilize, utilise, apply, employ) - e.g., use your head!, we only use Spanish at home. (This fits perfectly; gene probes are tools employed for a purpose).
    *   Sense 3: `take or consume (regularly or habitually)` (habituate) - e.g., She uses drugs rarely. (Incorrect; not about consumption).
    *   Sense 4: `seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage` - e.g., She uses her influential friends. (Incorrect; this implies manipulation or exploitation of people/connections).
    *   Sense 5: `habitually do something (use only in the past tense)` - e.g., She used to call her mother. (Incorrect; not the "used to" construction).
    *   Sense 6: `use up, consume fully` (expend) - e.g., The legislature expended its time. (Incorrect; they didn't "use up" the probes in the sense of exhausting a supply).

    *   The researchers are employing a tool (gene probes) to perform a task (crawling down the length of chromosome 17). This aligns exactly with Sense 2: "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose".