[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: society
Target surface form: society
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in <t>society</t> and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=society%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=company, companionship, fellowship | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends
2. sense_key=society%1:14:00:: | definition=an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
3. sense_key=society%1:14:01:: | definition=a formal association of people with similar interests | synonyms=club, social club, guild, gild, lodge, order | examples=he joined a golf club; they formed a small lunch society
4. sense_key=society%1:14:02:: | definition=the fashionable elite | synonyms=high society, beau monde, smart set, bon ton

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `society`
    *   Target surface form: `society`
    *   Context: "...Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in <t>society</t> and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe."

    *   Sense 1: `society%1:26:00::` - the state of being with someone (company, companionship).
    *   Sense 2: `society%1:14:00::` - an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization (the general population/community).
    *   Sense 3: `society%1:14:01::` - a formal association of people with similar interests (club, guild).
    *   Sense 4: `society%1:14:02::` - the fashionable elite (high society).

    *   The sentence discusses the role of government in "society" in the context of national policy, the New Deal, and voters.
    *   "Government occupied a much smaller role in society" refers to the overall structure of human organization, the community, or the general population of a country.
    *   It does not refer to companionship (Sense 1), a specific club (Sense 3), or the high-society elite (Sense 4).
    *   It fits the definition of "an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization" (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 2 is the correct fit.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma <t>problem</t> confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `problem`
    *   Target surface form: `problem`
    *   Context: "...the prisoner's dilemma <t>problem</t> confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `problem%1:09:00::`: a source of difficulty (synonym: trouble)
        2.  `problem%1:10:00::`: a question raised for consideration or solution (e.g., homework problems)
        3.  `problem%1:26:00::`: a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved (synonym: job)

    *   The phrase is "the prisoner's dilemma problem".
    *   The "prisoner's dilemma" is a standard game theory scenario. In this context, it's being used to describe a structural conflict or a source of difficulty for voters.
    *   The sentence says the problem was "considerably less severe".

    *   Sense 1: "a source of difficulty" (trouble). This fits well. The prisoner's dilemma is a source of difficulty/conflict in decision-making.
    *   Sense 2: "a question raised for consideration or solution" (like a math problem). While the prisoner's dilemma is a "problem" in game theory, in this context, it's not a homework question or a specific puzzle to be solved, but rather a systemic difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (e.g., "having problems"). This usually refers to personal struggles or a general state of affairs.

    *   The "prisoner's dilemma" is a theoretical model of a *source of difficulty* (a conflict between individual rationality and collective rationality).
    *   Comparing "source of difficulty" (Sense 1) vs "state of difficulty" (Sense 3).
    *   Sense 1 (source of difficulty) is more appropriate for a theoretical construct like the prisoner's dilemma that *causes* the difficulty.
    *   Sense 2 (question for solution) is too narrow (homework/puzzle).

    *   "the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters"
    *   The "prisoner's dilemma" is the *source* of the difficulty.
    *   Sense 1: "a source of difficulty".

    *   Sense 1: source of difficulty.
    *   Sense 2: question for solution.
    *   Sense 3: state of difficulty.
    *   The prisoner's dilemma is a classic "problem" in the sense of a paradox or a source of conflict/difficulty. Sense 1 is the most general and fitting description for a systemic issue like this.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 1 and Sense 3.
    *   Sense 1: "a source of difficulty" (synonym: trouble).
    *   Sense 3: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (synonym: job).
    *   The prisoner's dilemma is a *type* of problem. It's a source of difficulty for the voters.

    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "a question raised for consideration or solution". In game theory, the prisoner's dilemma is often called a "problem". But here it's "confronting voters", meaning it's a real-world difficulty they face.

    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3 again.
    *   Sense 1: "what's the problem?" (source of trouble).
    *   Sense 3: "she and her husband are having problems" (state of difficulty).
    *   The "prisoner's dilemma problem" is the *source* of the difficulty the voters face.

    *   Actually, looking at how "problem" is used with "prisoner's dilemma", it's often treated as a specific theoretical problem (Sense 2) or a general difficulty (Sense 1). However, in the context of "confronting voters", it's a source of difficulty.

    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
    *   Sense 1: source of difficulty.
    *   Sense 2: question raised for consideration or solution.
    *   The prisoner's dilemma is a theoretical "problem" (Sense 2), but the *application* of it to voters makes it a "source of difficulty" (Sense 1).

    *   Let's check Sense 1 again: "a source of difficulty".
    *   Example: "one trouble after another delayed the job".
    *   The prisoner's dilemma is the source of the difficulty for the voters.

    *   Let's check Sense 2 again: "a question raised for consideration or solution".
    *   Example: "our homework consisted of ten problems to solve".
    *   This doesn't fit "confronting voters" as well as Sense 1.

    *   Let's check Sense 3 again: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
    *   Example: "she and her husband are having problems".
    *   This is more about a situation/condition.

    *   The "prisoner's dilemma problem" is a specific *source* of difficulty.

    *   Sense 1: source of difficulty.
    *   Sense 2: question for solution.
    *   Sense 3: state of difficulty.
    *   The prisoner's dilemma is a classic "problem" in the sense of a paradox or a source of conflict. Sense 1 is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: race
Target surface form: races
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in <t>races</t> for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=race%1:19:00:: | definition=the flow of air that is driven backwards by an aircraft propeller | synonyms=slipstream, airstream, backwash, wash
2. sense_key=race%1:06:00:: | definition=a canal for a current of water | synonyms=raceway
3. sense_key=race%1:14:00:: | definition=people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock | examples=some biologists doubt that there are important genetic differences between races of human beings
4. sense_key=race%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) a taxonomic group that is a division of a species; usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation within a species | synonyms=subspecies
5. sense_key=race%1:11:01:: | definition=any competition | examples=the race for the presidency
6. sense_key=race%1:11:00:: | definition=a contest of speed | examples=the race is to the swift

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `race`
    *   Target surface form: `races`
    *   Context: "...the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in <t>races</t> for Congress was considerably less severe."
    *   Other context clues: "races for the White House", "legislator", "voter's incentive", "election of Franklin Roosevelt", "congressional representatives".

    *   Sense 1: flow of air (propeller) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: canal for water - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: genetic stock (human races) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: taxonomic group (biology) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: any competition (example: "the race for the presidency") - Correct.
    *   Sense 6: contest of speed - Incorrect.

    *   The context refers to political elections ("races for Congress", "races for the White House").
    *   Sense 5 specifically mentions "any competition" and gives the example "the race for the presidency". This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: explain
Target surface form: explains
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it <t>explains</t> why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=explain%2:32:02:: | definition=serve as a reason or cause or justification of | synonyms=excuse | examples=Your need to sleep late does not excuse your late arrival at work; Her recent divorce may explain her reluctance to date again
2. sense_key=explain%2:32:01:: | definition=define | examples=The committee explained their plan for fund-raising to the Dean
3. sense_key=explain%2:32:00:: | definition=make plain and comprehensible | synonyms=explicate | examples=He explained the laws of physics to his students

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `explain`
    *   Target surface form: `explains`
    *   Context: "While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. ... Second, it <t>explains</t> why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `explain%2:32:02::`: serve as a reason or cause or justification of (synonym: excuse).
        2.  `explain%2:32:01::`: define.
        3.  `explain%2:32:00::`: make plain and comprehensible (synonym: explicate).

    *   The sentence is: "Second, it [the theory] <t>explains</t> why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives..."
    *   The "it" refers to "this theory".
    *   The theory provides a reason or a causal explanation for the observed behavior (voters' attitudes toward Congress vs. their own representatives).

    *   Sense 1: "serve as a reason or cause or justification of". This fits well. A theory serves as the reason or cause for why a phenomenon occurs.
    *   Sense 2: "define". The theory isn't defining the behavior; it's explaining why it happens.
    *   Sense 3: "make plain and comprehensible". While a theory makes something comprehensible, the core function here is providing the *reason* or *cause* for the phenomenon.

    *   Sense 1 examples: "Her recent divorce may explain her reluctance to date again." (The divorce is the reason for the reluctance).
    *   Context: "the theory... explains why voters hold Congress in disdain..." (The theory provides the reason for the disdain).
    *   Sense 3 examples: "He explained the laws of physics to his students." (He taught/explicated the laws).

    The theory is acting as the reason/cause for the observed behavior. This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: serve as a reason or cause.
    *   Sense 3: make plain and comprehensible.
    *   In academic/theoretical contexts, "explain" often means "provide a causal account for". This is exactly what "serve as a reason or cause" describes.

    *   Sense 1: `explain%2:32:02::`
    *   Sense 2: `explain%2:32:01::`
    *   Sense 3: `explain%2:32:00::`
    *   Wait, the indices provided in the prompt are 1, 2, 3 based on the list order.
    *   List order:
        1. sense_key=explain%2:32:02:: (serve as a reason or cause)
        2. sense_key=explain%2:32:01:: (define)
        3. sense_key=explain%2:32:00:: (make plain and comprehensible)

    The best fit is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hold
Target surface form: hold
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters <t>hold</t> Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hold%2:33:00:: | definition=aim, point, or direct | examples=Hold the fire extinguisher directly on the flames
2. sense_key=hold%2:42:14:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, take | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
3. sense_key=hold%2:41:14:: | definition=take and maintain control over, often by violent means | examples=The dissatisfied students held the President's office for almost a week
4. sense_key=hold%2:31:01:: | definition=keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view | synonyms=deem, view as, take for | examples=take for granted; view as important
5. sense_key=hold%2:35:09:: | definition=cover as for protection against noise or smell | examples=She held her ears when the jackhammer started to operate; hold one's nose
6. sense_key=hold%2:36:00:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=throw, have, make, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
7. sense_key=hold%2:32:15:: | definition=be in accord; be in agreement | synonyms=agree, concur, concord | examples=We agreed on the terms of the settlement; I can't agree with you!
8. sense_key=hold%2:42:01:: | definition=remain in a certain state, position, or condition | examples=The weather held; They held on the road and kept marching
9. sense_key=hold%2:40:02:: | definition=secure and keep for possible future use or application | synonyms=retain, keep back, hold back | examples=The landlord retained the security deposit; I reserve the right to disagree
10. sense_key=hold%2:40:04:: | definition=have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices | synonyms=bear | examples=She bears the title of Duchess; He held the governorship for almost a decade
11. sense_key=hold%2:29:04:: | definition=keep from exhaling or expelling | examples=hold your breath
12. sense_key=hold%2:32:13:: | definition=bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted | synonyms=oblige, bind, obligate | examples=He's held by a contract; I'll hold you by your promise
13. sense_key=hold%2:38:05:: | definition=cause to stop | synonyms=halt, arrest | examples=Halt the engines; Arrest the progress
14. sense_key=hold%2:42:08:: | definition=resist or confront with resistance | synonyms=defy, withstand, hold up | examples=The politician defied public opinion; The new material withstands even the greatest wear and tear
15. sense_key=hold%2:32:11:: | definition=declare to be | synonyms=declare, adjudge | examples=She was declared incompetent; judge held that the defendant was innocent
16. sense_key=hold%2:33:05:: | definition=protect against a challenge or attack | synonyms=defend, guard | examples=Hold that position behind the trees!; Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks
17. sense_key=hold%2:41:13:: | definition=keep from departing | examples=Hold the taxi; Hold the horse
18. sense_key=hold%2:35:03:: | definition=to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement | synonyms=restrain, confine | examples=This holds the local until the express passengers change trains; About a dozen animals were held inside the stockade
19. sense_key=hold%2:35:00:: | definition=have or hold in one's hands or grip | synonyms=take hold | examples=Hold this bowl for a moment, please; A crazy idea took hold of him
20. sense_key=hold%2:35:02:: | definition=support or hold in a certain manner | synonyms=carry, bear | examples=She holds her head high; He carried himself upright
21. sense_key=hold%2:37:00:: | definition=maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings) | synonyms=harbor, harbour, entertain, nurse | examples=bear a grudge; entertain interesting notions
22. sense_key=hold%2:31:04:: | definition=hold the attention of | examples=The soprano held the audience; This story held our interest
23. sense_key=hold%2:31:08:: | definition=assert or affirm | examples=Rousseau's philosophy holds that people are inherently good
24. sense_key=hold%2:34:00:: | definition=drink alcohol without showing ill effects | synonyms=carry | examples=He can hold his liquor; he had drunk more than he could carry
25. sense_key=hold%2:42:00:: | definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=keep, maintain | examples=keep clean; hold in place
26. sense_key=hold%2:41:15:: | definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=control, hold in, contain, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue
27. sense_key=hold%2:42:05:: | definition=have room for; hold without crowding | synonyms=accommodate, admit | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests; The theater admits 300 people
28. sense_key=hold%2:42:12:: | definition=stop dealing with | examples=hold all calls to the President's office while he is in a meeting
29. sense_key=hold%2:42:04:: | definition=be pertinent or relevant or applicable | synonyms=apply, go for | examples=The same laws apply to you!; This theory holds for all irrational numbers
30. sense_key=hold%2:42:02:: | definition=be valid, applicable, or true | synonyms=prevail, obtain | examples=This theory still holds
31. sense_key=hold%2:42:13:: | definition=contain or hold; have within | synonyms=bear, carry, contain | examples=The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water
32. sense_key=hold%2:31:10:: | definition=remain committed to | examples=I hold to these ideas
33. sense_key=hold%2:41:00:: | definition=arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance | synonyms=reserve, book | examples=reserve me a seat on a flight; The agent booked tickets to the show for the whole family
34. sense_key=hold%2:40:00:: | definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | synonyms=have, have got | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank; He has got two beautiful daughters
35. sense_key=hold%2:35:01:: | definition=be the physical support of; carry the weight of | synonyms=support, sustain, hold up | examples=The beam holds up the roof; He supported me with one hand while I balanced on the beam
36. sense_key=hold%2:42:07:: | definition=have as a major characteristic | examples=The novel holds many surprises; The book holds in store much valuable advise

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `hold`
    *   Target surface form: `hold`
    *   Context: "...it explains why voters <t>hold</t> Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives..."

    *   "voters hold Congress in disdain"
    *   This means voters *view* or *consider* Congress to be disdainful, or they *have a certain opinion* of Congress.

    *   1: aim, point, or direct (No)
    *   2: be capable of holding or containing (No)
    *   3: take and maintain control over (No)
    *   4: keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view (Synonyms: deem, view as, take for) - *Strong candidate*
    *   5: cover for protection (No)
    *   6: organize or be responsible for (No)
    *   7: be in accord; be in agreement (No)
    *   8: remain in a certain state (No)
    *   9: secure and keep for future use (No)
    *   10: have rightfully (rights, titles) (No)
    *   11: keep from exhaling (No)
    *   12: bind by an obligation (No)
    *   13: cause to stop (No)
    *   14: resist or confront (No)
    *   15: declare to be (adjudge) (No)
    *   16: protect against challenge (No)
    *   17: keep from departing (No)
    *   18: close within bounds (No)
    *   19: have in hands or grip (No)
    *   20: support or hold in a certain manner (No)
    *   21: maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings) (Synonyms: harbor, entertain, nurse) - *Possible, but usually refers to internal feelings like a grudge.*
    *   22: hold the attention of (No)
    *   23: assert or affirm (No)
    *   24: drink alcohol (No)
    *   25: keep in a certain state (No)
    *   26: lessen the intensity of (No)
    *   27: have room for (No)
    *   28: stop dealing with (No)
    *   29: be pertinent or relevant (No)
    *   30: be valid, applicable, or true (No)
    *   31: contain or hold (No)
    *   32: remain committed to (No)
    *   33: arrange for and reserve (No)
    *   34: have or possess (No)
    *   35: be the physical support of (No)
    *   36: have as a major characteristic (No)

    *   Sense 4: "keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view" (Synonyms: deem, view as, take for). Example: "view as important".
    *   Sense 21: "maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings)" (Synonyms: harbor, entertain, nurse). Example: "bear a grudge".

    *   "Hold [someone/something] in [emotion/opinion]" (e.g., hold in disdain, hold in high esteem) is a common idiom meaning to view them in that way.
    *   Sense 4 ("view as") fits perfectly: "voters view Congress as disdainful" or "voters deem Congress disdainful".
    *   Sense 21 is more about harboring a feeling internally (like a grudge) rather than assigning a value or view to an external object.

    *   Sense 4: "keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view"
    *   Context: "voters hold Congress in disdain" -> voters view Congress as something to be disdained.

    *   Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: disdain
Target surface form: disdain
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in <t>disdain</t> but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=disdain%1:12:00:: | definition=lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike | synonyms=contempt, scorn, despite | examples=he was held in contempt; the despite in which outsiders were held is legendary
2. sense_key=disdain%1:10:00:: | definition=a communication that indicates lack of respect by patronizing the recipient | synonyms=condescension, patronage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `disdain`
    *   Target surface form: `disdain`
    *   Context: "...it explains why voters hold Congress in <t>disdain</t> but generally love their own congressional representatives..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `disdain%1:12:00::`: lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike (synonyms: contempt, scorn, despite).
        2.  `disdain%1:10:00::`: a communication that indicates lack of respect by patronizing the recipient (synonyms: condescension, patronage).

    *   The sentence says "voters hold Congress in disdain".
    *   This describes an internal feeling or attitude (lack of respect/contempt) that voters have toward the institution of Congress.
    *   It is not describing a specific "communication" or an act of "patronizing" (which would be sense 2).
    *   "Hold [someone/something] in disdain" is a common idiom meaning to feel contempt for them.

    *   Sense 1: "lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike" (contempt, scorn). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a communication that indicates lack of respect by patronizing the recipient" (condescension). This does not fit the phrase "hold in disdain".

    *   The best fit is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: love
Target surface form: love
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally <t>love</t> their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=love%2:37:02:: | definition=get pleasure from | synonyms=enjoy | examples=I love cooking
2. sense_key=love%2:37:01:: | definition=be enamored or in love with | examples=She loves her husband deeply
3. sense_key=love%2:37:00:: | definition=have a great affection or liking for | examples=I love French food; She loves her boss and works hard for him
4. sense_key=love%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, make out, make love, sleep with, get laid | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "love"
    *   Target surface form: "love"
    *   Context: "...it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally <t>love</t> their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `love%2:37:02::` (get pleasure from / enjoy) - e.g., "I love cooking"
        2.  `love%2:37:01::` (be enamored or in love with) - e.g., "She loves her husband deeply"
        3.  `love%2:37:00::` (have a great affection or liking for) - e.g., "I love French food; She loves her boss and works hard for him"
        4.  `love%2:35:00::` (have sexual intercourse with) - e.g., "Adam knew Eve"

    *   The sentence contrasts "hold Congress in disdain" with "generally love their own congressional representatives."
    *   The reason given is that constituents "appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them."
    *   This is not romantic love (sense 2) or sexual intercourse (sense 4).
    *   It's not exactly "getting pleasure from" an activity (sense 1), but rather a strong positive feeling or liking for a person based on their actions/benefits.
    *   Sense 3 ("have a great affection or liking for") fits best. The example "She loves her boss and works hard for him" is very similar to the relationship between a constituent and their representative (a professional/political relationship based on liking/appreciation).

    *   Sense 1: "get pleasure from" (usually activities or things).
    *   Sense 3: "have a great affection or liking for" (usually people or things).
    *   In the context of "love their own congressional representatives," it's a strong liking or appreciation.

    *   Sense 3 is the most appropriate for "liking" a political representative.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: representative
Target surface form: representatives
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional <t>representatives</t>: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=representative%1:18:02:: | definition=an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose | synonyms=spokesperson, interpreter, voice | examples=the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government
2. sense_key=representative%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the United States House of Representatives | synonyms=congressman, congresswoman
3. sense_key=representative%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who represents others
4. sense_key=representative%1:09:00:: | definition=an item of information that is typical of a class or group | synonyms=example, illustration, instance | examples=this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome; there is an example on page 10

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `representative`
    *   Target surface form: `representatives`
    *   Context: "...it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional <t>representatives</t>: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `representative%1:18:02::`: an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose (spokesperson).
        2.  `representative%1:18:01::`: a member of the United States House of Representatives (congressman, congresswoman).
        3.  `representative%1:18:00::`: a person who represents others.
        4.  `representative%1:09:00::`: an item of information that is typical of a class or group (example).

    *   The context mentions "Congress", "congressional representatives", "individual legislator", and "constituents".
    *   The phrase "congressional representatives" specifically refers to the people elected to represent districts/states in the US Congress.
    *   Sense 2 specifically defines a member of the United States House of Representatives (congressman/congresswoman).
    *   Sense 3 is a more general definition ("a person who represents others").
    *   Sense 1 is about a spokesperson.
    *   Sense 4 is about an example.

    *   The context is explicitly about the US political system (White House, GOP, Congress, districts/states, legislators).
    *   "Congressional representatives" in the US context refers to members of Congress.
    *   Sense 2 (`representative%1:18:01::`) is the most specific and accurate fit for "congressional representatives" in the context of the US House of Representatives/Congress.

    *   Sense 2: "a member of the United States House of Representatives"
    *   Sense 3: "a person who represents others"
    *   While Sense 3 is technically true, Sense 2 is the precise term for a "congressional representative" in the US government context described.

    *   The context mentions "districts/states" and "legislators".
    *   Members of the House represent districts.
    *   Members of the Senate represent states.
    *   Both are "congressional representatives" in a broad sense, but "representative" as a specific title usually refers to the House. However, the gloss for Sense 2 is "a member of the United States House of Representatives".
    *   Wait, let's look at the context again: "voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives".
    *   In the US, "Representative" (capitalized) is the title for House members. Senators are called "Senators".
    *   However, "congressional representatives" as a phrase often encompasses both.
    *   Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 3 again.
    *   Sense 2: member of the US House of Representatives.
    *   Sense 3: a person who represents others.
    *   Given the specificity of "congressional", Sense 2 is the most fitting specialized meaning.

    *   Sense 1: Spokesperson (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: US House member (Correct/Specific)
    *   Sense 3: General representative (Correct/General)
    *   Sense 4: Example (Incorrect)

    In fine-grained WSD, the most specific correct sense is usually preferred. "Congressional representative" maps directly to the definition of a member of the House (Sense 2).

    *Self-Correction:* Does "congressional representatives" include Senators? Yes, colloquially. But in WordNet, "representative" (Sense 2) is specifically the House member. If the text meant both, Sense 3 might be safer, but "congressional representative" is a very strong pointer to Sense 2. Let's re-read: "their own congressional representatives". This is a standard way to refer to the members of the House (and sometimes Senate) representing a specific area.

    Let's check the synonyms for Sense 2: "congressman, congresswoman". This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: individual
Target surface form: individual
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any <t>individual</t> legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=individual%5:00:00:personal:00 | definition=concerning one person exclusively | synonyms=private | examples=we all have individual cars; each room has a private bath
2. sense_key=individual%3:00:00:: | definition=being or characteristic of a single thing or person | synonyms=single | examples=individual drops of rain; please mark the individual pages
3. sense_key=individual%5:00:00:unshared:00 | definition=characteristic of or meant for a single person or thing | synonyms=single | examples=an individual serving; single occupancy
4. sense_key=individual%5:00:00:independent:00 | definition=separate and distinct from others of the same kind | synonyms=case-by-case, item-by-item | examples=mark the individual pages; on a case-by-case basis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `individual`
    *   Target surface form: `individual`
    *   Context: "Any <t>individual</t> legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `individual%5:00:00:personal:00`: concerning one person exclusively (synonym: private).
        2.  `individual%3:00:00::`: being or characteristic of a single thing or person (synonym: single).
        3.  `individual%5:00:00:unshared:00`: characteristic of or meant for a single person or thing (synonym: single).
        4.  `individual%5:00:00:independent:00`: separate and distinct from others of the same kind (synonyms: case-by-case, item-by-item).

    *   The sentence is: "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
    *   Here, "individual" modifies "legislator".
    *   The contrast is between "any individual legislator" and "every other legislator".
    *   The meaning is "each single legislator" or "a particular legislator considered separately from the group".

    *   Sense 1 (personal/private): "concerning one person exclusively". This doesn't fit well. It's not about a "private legislator".
    *   Sense 2 (single): "being or characteristic of a single thing or person". Example: "individual drops of rain". This fits the idea of "each single legislator".
    *   Sense 3 (unshared): "characteristic of or meant for a single person or thing". Example: "an individual serving". This is more about allocation/portioning.
    *   Sense 4 (independent/separate): "separate and distinct from others of the same kind". Example: "mark the individual pages". This emphasizes the distinction between members of a set.

    *   The context contrasts "any individual legislator" with "every other legislator".
    *   Sense 2 ("being or characteristic of a single thing or person") and Sense 4 ("separate and distinct from others of the same kind") are close.
    *   However, "individual" here is used to pick out one member of a group to analyze their specific effect/situation.
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 2: "individual drops of rain" (each one).
        *   Sense 4: "mark the individual pages" (each page separately).
    *   Wait, "individual pages" is listed in both Sense 2 and Sense 4 in some WordNet versions, but here it's in Sense 2 ("please mark the individual pages") and Sense 4 ("mark the individual pages"). Let me re-read the provided candidate senses carefully.
    *   Sense 2: `definition=being or characteristic of a single thing or person | synonyms=single | examples=individual drops of rain; please mark the individual pages`
    *   Sense 4: `definition=separate and distinct from others of the same kind | synonyms=case-by-case, item-by-item | examples=mark the individual pages; on a case-by-case basis`

    *   In "Any individual legislator", the word "individual" emphasizes that we are looking at one legislator as a distinct entity apart from the collective body of legislators.
    *   Sense 2 is more about the quality of being single.
    *   Sense 4 is more about being separate and distinct from others of the same kind.
    *   The contrast "Any individual legislator... every other legislator" strongly suggests the "separate and distinct" meaning (Sense 4).

    *   Sense 2: "single" (as in one).
    *   Sense 4: "separate and distinct from others of the same kind".
    *   If I say "an individual person", I usually mean a single person. If I say "individual legislators", I mean each legislator considered separately.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 4: "case-by-case, item-by-item". This suggests a process of looking at things one by one.
    *   The sentence "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate..." is essentially saying "When you look at legislators on a case-by-case basis, their constituents appreciate...".

    *   Sense 2: "being or characteristic of a single thing or person".
    *   Sense 4: "separate and distinct from others of the same kind".
    *   In the context of "Any individual legislator", it means "each legislator, considered separately". This aligns better with Sense 4's "separate and distinct from others of the same kind".

    *   Sense 1: Private (No)
    *   Sense 2: Single (Possible)
    *   Sense 3: Unshared (No)
    *   Sense 4: Separate and distinct (Best fit for the contrast with the collective/others)

    *Self-Correction:* Let's re-evaluate Sense 2. "Individual drops of rain" means each single drop. "Any individual legislator" means each single legislator. Is there a nuance?
    Sense 4's "separate and distinct from others of the same kind" specifically addresses the relationship between the individual and the group ("others of the same kind"). The context "every other legislator" explicitly sets up this relationship.

    *Wait*, let me look at the examples again.
    Sense 2: "individual drops of rain"
    Sense 4: "mark the individual pages"
    Actually, "individual pages" is in both. This is confusing. Let's look at the definitions again.
    Sense 2: "being or characteristic of a single thing or person"
    Sense 4: "separate and distinct from others of the same kind"

    In "Any individual legislator", the focus is on the legislator as a distinct unit within the group of all legislators. This is the definition of Sense 4.

    *Double check:*
    "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise..."
    This is a classic "individual vs collective" or "individual vs others" distinction. Sense 4 ("separate and distinct from others of the same kind") captures this perfectly.

    Sense 2: single
    Sense 4: separate and distinct
    "Any single legislator" vs "Any separate and distinct legislator".
    Actually, "single" (Sense 2) is often used as a synonym for "individual" in this context. But "separate and distinct from others of the same kind" (Sense 4) is a more precise description of the *function* of the word "individual" when contrasting one member with the rest of the group.

    Let's re-read Sense 2: "being or characteristic of a single thing or person".
    Let's re-read Sense 4: "separate and distinct from others of the same kind".

    If the sentence was "He is an individual person," that would be Sense 2.
    If the sentence is "Each individual legislator," it's emphasizing the distinction between the one and the many.

    Let's try to see if "single" (Sense 2) or "separate and distinct" (Sense 4) fits better.
    "Any single legislator's constituents..." (Works)
    "Any separate and distinct legislator's constituents..." (A bit clunky, but the *meaning* is there).

    Wait, looking at the synonyms for Sense 4: "case-by-case, item-by-item". This is very specific. Does "individual legislator" mean "case-by-case legislator"? No. It means "each legislator considered separately".

    Let's look at Sense 2 again: "being or characteristic of a single thing or person".
    Example: "individual drops of rain".
    This means "each drop".
    "Any individual legislator" = "Each single legislator".

    Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 4 again.
    Sense 2: single
    Sense 4: separate and distinct from others of the same kind.

    In the context of "individual legislator", the word "individual" is used to distinguish the legislator from the group. This is exactly what "separate and distinct from others of the same kind" means.

    Let's check Sense 2's "single" again. "Single" can also mean "one". "A single legislator" (one legislator). "Any individual legislator" (each legislator considered as a single unit).

    Actually, looking at WordNet's structure (which these senses are based on), the distinction between "single" and "separate and distinct" can be subtle.
    Sense 2 (individual%3:00:00::) is often the general adjective for "single".
    Sense 4 (individual%5:00:00:independent:00) is more about the *distinction* from others.

    Given the contrast "individual legislator" vs "every other legislator", the emphasis is on the distinction.

    Let's re-examine the examples:
    Sense 2: "individual drops of rain"
    Sense 4: "mark the individual pages"

    If you mark "individual pages", you are treating them as separate and distinct entities.
    If you see "individual drops of rain", you are seeing them as single entities.

    This is very close. Let's think about the most common usage in political science/economics (the context of the text). "Individual" in "individual voter" or "individual legislator" usually means "each person considered separately from the group". This aligns best with "separate and distinct from others of the same kind".

    Wait, I just noticed something. Sense 2 is `individual%3:00:00::` and Sense 4 is `individual%5:00:00:independent:00`.
    The `%3` and `%5` refer to the WordNet synset levels.
    Sense 2 is a more general sense. Sense 4 is a more specific sense.

    Let's look at the synonyms again.
    Sense 2: single
    Sense 4: case-by-case, item-by-item

    If the synonyms for Sense 4 are "case-by-case" and "item-by-item", it's almost always used in the context of a process (e.g., "an individual analysis", "individual attention").
    "Any individual legislator" is not a process. It's a person.

    Wait, if Sense 4 is "case-by-case", then "individual legislator" doesn't fit "case-by-case".
    Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "being or characteristic of a single thing or person".
    "Any individual legislator" = "Any single legislator".
    This fits perfectly.

    Let's double-check Sense 2's example: "individual drops of rain".
    "Individual drops" = "Single drops".
    "Individual legislator" = "Single legislator".

    Let's re-check Sense 4: "separate and distinct from others of the same kind".
    Example: "mark the individual pages".
    This means "mark each page separately".

    Is "individual legislator" more like "single legislator" or "separate legislator"?
    In the sentence "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise", the word "individual" is used to focus on the single unit.

    Let's compare:
    A: "Any single legislator's constituents..."
    B: "Any separate and distinct legislator's constituents..."

    A is much more natural.

    Let's look at the senses one more time.
    1. personal/private
    2. single (characteristic of a single thing or person)
    3. unshared (meant for a single person)
    4. separate and distinct (case-by-case)

    Sense 2 seems the most plausible.

    Wait, let me search for "individual legislator" in a corpus. It's almost always used to mean "each legislator" or "a single legislator".

    Let's re-read Sense 2: "being or characteristic of a single thing or person".
    This fits "individual legislator" perfectly.

    Let's re-read Sense 4: "separate and distinct from others of the same kind".
    While this is *true* of an individual legislator, the synonyms "case-by-case" and "item-by-item" strongly suggest that Sense 4 is used for *how* something is done (the manner of treatment), not for the *entity* itself.

    Example: "We will examine the applications on an individual basis" (case-by-case).
    Example: "The individual legislator" (a single legislator).

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the better fit.

    *   Context: "Any individual legislator's constituents..."
    *   Meaning: Each single legislator.
    *   Sense 2: "being or characteristic of a single thing or person" (synonym: single).
    *   Sense 4: "separate and distinct from others of the same kind" (synonyms: case-by-case, item-by-item).
    *   Conclusion: Sense 2 is the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: constituent
Target surface form: constituents
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's <t>constituents</t> appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=constituent%1:18:00:: | definition=a member of a constituency; a citizen who is represented in a government by officials for whom he or she votes | examples=needs continued support by constituents to be re-elected
2. sense_key=constituent%1:06:00:: | definition=an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system | synonyms=component, element | examples=spare components for cars; a component or constituent element of a system
3. sense_key=constituent%1:10:00:: | definition=(grammar) a word or phrase or clause forming part of a larger grammatical construction | synonyms=grammatical constituent
4. sense_key=constituent%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract part of something | synonyms=component, element, factor, ingredient | examples=jealousy was a component of his character; two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony
5. sense_key=constituent%1:24:00:: | definition=something determined in relation to something that includes it | synonyms=part, portion, component part, component | examples=he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `constituent`
    *   Target surface form: `constituents`
    *   Context: "Any individual legislator's <t>constituents</t> appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
    *   Key phrases: "legislator's constituents", "benefits that the legislator wins for them", "his own constituency".

    *   Sense 1: "a member of a constituency; a citizen who is represented in a government by officials for whom he or she votes" (Example: "needs continued support by constituents to be re-elected").
    *   Sense 2: "an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up" (Synonyms: component, element).
    *   Sense 3: "(grammar) a word or phrase or clause forming part of a larger grammatical construction".
    *   Sense 4: "an abstract part of something" (Synonyms: component, element, factor, ingredient).
    *   Sense 5: "something determined in relation to something that includes it" (Synonyms: part, portion).

    *   The context discusses voters, legislators, the White House, and congressional representatives.
    *   The phrase "legislator's constituents" refers to the people the legislator represents.
    *   This matches Sense 1 perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: appreciate
Target surface form: appreciate
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents <t>appreciate</t> the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=appreciate%2:37:00:: | definition=recognize with gratitude; be grateful for
2. sense_key=appreciate%2:30:00:: | definition=gain in value | synonyms=apprize, apprise, revalue | examples=The yen appreciated again!
3. sense_key=appreciate%2:40:00:: | definition=hold dear | synonyms=prize, value, treasure | examples=I prize these old photographs
4. sense_key=appreciate%2:31:00:: | definition=be fully aware of; realize fully | synonyms=take account | examples=Do you appreciate the full meaning of this letter?
5. sense_key=appreciate%2:30:01:: | definition=increase the value of | synonyms=apprize, apprise | examples=The Germans want to appreciate the Deutsche Mark

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `appreciate`
    *   Context: "Any individual legislator's constituents <t>appreciate</t> the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
    *   Meaning: The constituents recognize and value the specific benefits they receive, but they don't realize or value the overall cost.

    *   Sense 1: `recognize with gratitude; be grateful for`
    *   Sense 2: `gain in value` (financial)
    *   Sense 3: `hold dear` (prize, value, treasure)
    *   Sense 4: `be fully aware of; realize fully` (take account)
    *   Sense 5: `increase the value of` (financial)

    *   The sentence contrasts "appreciate the specific benefits" with "not [appreciate] the overall cost".
    *   If the meaning were "be grateful for" (Sense 1), the contrast "but not [be grateful for] the overall cost" doesn't make much sense (people aren't usually grateful for costs).
    *   If the meaning were "hold dear" (Sense 3), the contrast "but not [hold dear] the overall cost" also doesn't fit well.
    *   If the meaning were "be fully aware of; realize fully" (Sense 4), the contrast "appreciate the specific benefits... but not [appreciate] the overall cost" makes perfect sense. They are aware of the benefits but unaware of the costs.

    *   Wait, let's re-read: "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
    *   Does "appreciate" here mean "be grateful for" or "be aware of"?
    *   If they "appreciate the benefits", they are grateful for them.
    *   If they "do not appreciate the cost", they are not aware of the cost.
    *   In English, "appreciate" is often used in this dual way. However, in the context of "appreciate X but not Y", the most consistent meaning across both X and Y is usually "be aware of" or "recognize the value/extent of".
    *   Let's check Sense 4 again: "be fully aware of; realize fully".
    *   Let's check Sense 1 again: "recognize with gratitude; be grateful for".
    *   If the constituents "appreciate the benefits", they are grateful. But they don't "appreciate the cost". You aren't grateful for a cost. You are *aware* of a cost.
    *   Therefore, "appreciate" in this sentence most likely means "be aware of" or "recognize the magnitude of".

    *   Sense 4: "be fully aware of; realize fully". This fits both the benefits (they realize the benefits) and the cost (they don't realize the cost).

    *   Sense 1: Grateful for benefits? Yes. Grateful for cost? No.
    *   Sense 4: Aware of benefits? Yes. Aware of cost? Yes.
    *   The structure "appreciate X but not Y" strongly implies a shared meaning for "appreciate" in both clauses. "Aware of" works for both; "grateful for" does not.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: specific
Target surface form: specific
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the <t>specific</t> benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=specific%3:00:00:: | definition=(sometimes followed by `to') applying to or characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique | examples=rules with specific application; demands specific to the job
2. sense_key=specific%3:00:02:: | definition=being or affecting a disease produced by a particular microorganism or condition; used also of stains or dyes used in making microscope slides | examples=quinine is highly specific for malaria; a specific remedy
3. sense_key=specific%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or distinguishing or constituting a taxonomic species | examples=specific characters
4. sense_key=specific%5:00:00:specified:00 | definition=stated explicitly or in detail | examples=needed a specific amount

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `specific`
    *   Target surface form: `specific`
    *   Context: "...Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the <t>specific</t> benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `specific%3:00:00::`: applying to or characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique (e.g., rules with specific application).
        2.  `specific%3:00:02::`: relating to a disease/microorganism (medical).
        3.  `specific%3:01:00::`: relating to taxonomic species.
        4.  `specific%5:00:00:specified:00`: stated explicitly or in detail (e.g., a specific amount).

    *   The sentence discusses "specific benefits" that a legislator wins for their constituents.
    *   These benefits are contrasted with "overall cost".
    *   The context mentions "local benefits to the voter's particular district/state" earlier in the text.
    *   The word "specific" here means "particular" or "special" to that specific group/district, rather than "stated explicitly" (though they might be explicitly stated, the core meaning is that they are *particular* to that district).

    *   Sense 1: "applying to or characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique". This fits well. The benefits are particular to that district.
    *   Sense 2: Medical. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Taxonomic. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: "stated explicitly or in detail". While the benefits could be detailed, the context emphasizes that they are *local* or *particular* to the constituents, not just that they are described in detail.

    *   The text uses "particular district/state" and "local benefits".
    *   "Specific benefits" in this context refers to "particular" benefits (pork-barrel spending, etc.) that apply only to a certain group.
    *   Sense 1's definition "applying to or characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique" aligns perfectly with "particular" and "local".

    *   Sense 1: particular/special/unique.
    *   Sense 4: explicit/detailed.
    *   The benefits are "specific" because they are for *them* (the constituents), not because they are "detailed".

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: benefit
Target surface form: benefits
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific <t>benefits</t> that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=benefit%1:21:00:: | definition=financial assistance in time of need
2. sense_key=benefit%1:07:00:: | definition=something that aids or promotes well-being | synonyms=welfare | examples=for the benefit of all
3. sense_key=benefit%1:10:00:: | definition=a performance to raise money for a charitable cause

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `benefit`
    *   Target surface form: `benefits`
    *   Context: "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific <t>benefits</t> that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
    *   General context: Political science discussion about voters, legislators, and "bringing home the local benefits" (pork-barrel politics).

    *   Sense 1: `financial assistance in time of need` (e.g., welfare checks, unemployment benefits).
    *   Sense 2: `something that aids or promotes well-being` (synonym: welfare; example: "for the benefit of all").
    *   Sense 3: `a performance to raise money for a charitable cause` (e.g., a benefit concert).

    *   The text discusses "local benefits" that a legislator "wins" for their constituents.
    *   In political science, "bringing home the benefits" refers to securing government spending, projects, or advantages for a specific district (often called "pork").
    *   Sense 3 (charity performance) is completely irrelevant.
    *   Sense 1 (financial assistance in time of need) is too narrow. While some benefits might be financial, "local benefits" usually refers to infrastructure, grants, or specific policy advantages, not necessarily "assistance in time of need" (like social security or food stamps).
    *   Sense 2 (something that aids or promotes well-being) is the broadest and most fitting. In this context, "benefits" are the positive outcomes or advantages (well-being/advantage) secured for the district.

    *   Sense 1: Financial assistance in time of need. (Too specific, usually refers to social safety nets).
    *   Sense 2: Something that aids or promotes well-being. (Fits the general idea of an advantage or positive gain).
    *   Sense 3: Charity performance. (Incorrect).

    *   The phrase "local benefits" in the context of "bringing home the local benefits" refers to advantages or gains. Sense 2 is the best fit among the provided options.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: win
Target surface form: wins
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator <t>wins</t> for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=win%2:40:00:: | definition=win something through one's efforts | synonyms=acquire, gain | examples=I acquired a passing knowledge of Chinese; Gain an understanding of international finance
2. sense_key=win%2:33:01:: | definition=obtain advantages, such as points, etc. | synonyms=gain, advance, pull ahead, make headway, get ahead, gain ground | examples=The home team was gaining ground; After defeating the Knicks, the Blazers pulled ahead of the Lakers in the battle for the number-one playoff berth in the Western Conference
3. sense_key=win%2:41:04:: | definition=attain success or reach a desired goal | synonyms=succeed, come through, bring home the bacon, deliver the goods | examples=The enterprise succeeded; We succeeded in getting tickets to the show
4. sense_key=win%2:33:00:: | definition=be the winner in a contest or competition; be victorious | examples=He won the Gold Medal in skating; Our home team won

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `win`
    *   Target surface form: `wins`
    *   Context: "...Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator <t>wins</t> for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."

    *   Sense 1: `win something through one's efforts` (synonyms: acquire, gain). Example: "I acquired a passing knowledge of Chinese."
    *   Sense 2: `obtain advantages, such as points, etc.` (synonyms: gain, advance, pull ahead, make headway, get ahead, gain ground). Example: "The home team was gaining ground."
    *   Sense 3: `attain success or reach a desired goal` (synonyms: succeed, come through, bring home the bacon, deliver the goods). Example: "The enterprise succeeded."
    *   Sense 4: `be the winner in a contest or competition; be victorious`. Example: "He won the Gold Medal in skating."

    *   The sentence is about a legislator obtaining "specific benefits" for their constituents.
    *   "wins for them" in this context means the legislator successfully secured or acquired these benefits through their efforts/influence.

    *   Sense 4 (be victorious) is incorrect. The legislator isn't winning a race or a game here; they are securing benefits.
    *   Sense 3 (attain success/reach a goal) is close, but it's usually intransitive or refers to the overall success of an enterprise ("The enterprise succeeded"). While "bring home the bacon" is a synonym, the core meaning is about the *act* of succeeding.
    *   Sense 2 (obtain advantages, such as points) is often used in the context of a competition or progress (gaining ground).
    *   Sense 1 (win something through one's efforts) specifically mentions acquiring or gaining something. "The legislator wins [benefits] for them" fits perfectly with "acquire" or "gain" (e.g., "the legislator gained specific benefits for them").

    *   Sense 1: "win something through one's efforts" -> "wins [benefits] for them". This fits the transitive usage where "benefits" is the object.
    *   Sense 2: "obtain advantages, such as points" -> usually refers to progress in a race or game.
    *   Sense 3: "attain success" -> usually intransitive or refers to the outcome.
    *   Sense 4: "be victorious" -> clearly not the case.

    The legislator is using their effort/position to acquire/gain benefits for their constituents. This aligns best with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: overall
Target surface form: overall
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the <t>overall</t> cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=overall%5:00:00:general:00 | definition=involving only main features | examples=the overall pattern of his life
2. sense_key=overall%5:00:00:gross:00 | definition=including everything | examples=the overall cost

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "overall"
    *   Target surface form: "overall"
    *   Context: "...Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the <t>overall</t> cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `overall%5:00:00:general:00`: involving only main features (Example: "the overall pattern of his life")
        2.  `overall%5:00:00:gross:00`: including everything (Example: "the overall cost")

    *   The sentence discusses the contrast between "specific benefits" (local) and the "overall cost" (the sum of all such benefits across all constituencies).
    *   "Overall cost" here refers to the total or aggregate cost resulting from all legislators seeking local benefits.

    *   Sense 1: "involving only main features" (general). This doesn't fit "cost" in this context.
    *   Sense 2: "including everything" (gross). This fits perfectly, especially since the example provided in the sense definition is "the overall cost".

    *   The context "overall cost" matches the example "the overall cost" in Sense 2.
    *   The meaning is the total/aggregate cost, not just the main features.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cost
Target surface form: cost
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall <t>cost</t> associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cost%1:21:00:: | definition=the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor
2. sense_key=cost%1:07:01:: | definition=value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something | synonyms=price, toll | examples=the cost in human life was enormous; the price of success is hard work
3. sense_key=cost%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold) | synonyms=monetary value, price | examples=the fluctuating monetary value of gold and silver; he puts a high price on his services

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cost`
    *   Target surface form: `cost`
    *   Context: "...Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall <t>cost</t> associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cost%1:21:00::`: the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor.
        2.  `cost%1:07:01::`: value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something (synonyms: price, toll).
        3.  `cost%1:07:00::`: the property of having material worth (synonyms: monetary value, price).

    *   The sentence discusses a trade-off: constituents like the "specific benefits" their own representative gets for them, but they don't appreciate the "overall cost" of *every other* representative doing the same.
    *   In this context, "cost" refers to the negative consequence or the price paid (likely in terms of taxes, inflation, or national debt) resulting from widespread "pork barrel" spending (local benefit-seeking).
    *   It's not about the "total spent for goods or services" (Sense 1) in a commercial transaction sense.
    *   It's not about the "material worth" or "monetary value" of an object (Sense 3).
    *   It is about the "value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something" (Sense 2). The "toll" or "price" of everyone seeking local benefits is the overall negative impact on the national economy/taxpayer.

    *   Sense 1: Total spent (too literal/commercial).
    *   Sense 2: Value measured by what must be given/undergone (fits the "price of success" or "toll" analogy; the "cost" of widespread local benefit-seeking).
    *   Sense 3: Material worth (incorrect).

    *   The context describes a political economy problem (prisoner's dilemma). The "cost" is the aggregate negative effect of individual rational actions. This aligns best with Sense 2 (the "toll" or "price" paid).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every <t>other</t> legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
2. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
3. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "other"
    *   Target surface form: "other"
    *   Context: "...but not the overall cost associated with every <t>other</t> legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `other%5:00:02:past:00`: belonging to the distant past (early, former).
        2.  `other%3:00:00::`: not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied.
        3.  `other%5:00:00:strange:00`: very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected.
        4.  `other%5:00:00:past:00`: recently past.

    *   The sentence is: "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
    *   Here, "every other legislator" refers to all the legislators *except* the one already mentioned ("Any individual legislator").
    *   This fits the definition of "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied."

    *   Sense 1: Distant past. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied. (Correct)
    *   Sense 3: Unusual/strange. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Recently past. (Incorrect)

    *   The sense index for `other%3:00:00::` is 2.