[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: group
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a <t>group</t> of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group
3. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `group`
    *   Target surface form: `group`
    *   Context: "They belong to a <t>group</t> of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `group%1:03:00::`: any number of entities (members) considered as a unit.
        2.  `group%1:09:00::`: a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse (mathematical group).
        3.  `group%1:27:00::`: (chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule.

    *   The context refers to "15 ringers" (people who ring bells).
    *   These people are considered as a unit/collection.
    *   This fits the definition of "any number of entities (members) considered as a unit".

    *   Sense 1: General collection of entities. (Fits perfectly)
    *   Sense 2: Mathematical group. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Chemical group. (Incorrect)

    *   The best sense is index 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 <t>ringers</t> -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
3. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg
4. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `ringer`
    *   Target surface form: `ringers`
    *   Context: The text describes people pulling ropes attached to church bells in a tower, mentioning a "band of ringers" and a group of 15 "ringers" who drive from church to church to keep the bells sounding.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `ringer%1:18:00::`: a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses.
        2.  `ringer%1:18:02::`: a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation).
        3.  `ringer%1:04:00::`: (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit.
        4.  `ringer%1:18:01::`: a person who is almost identical to another.

    *   The context explicitly mentions "pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells", "church-goers enjoying the peal of bells", "band of ringers", and "keep the bells sounding in the many belfries".
    *   This clearly aligns with the definition of a person who rings church bells.

    *   Sense 2: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" matches perfectly.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: include
Target surface form: including
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- <t>including</t> two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=include%2:31:00:: | definition=consider as part of something | examples=I include you in the list of culprits
2. sense_key=include%2:41:03:: | definition=allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of | synonyms=admit, let in | examples=admit someone to the profession; She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar
3. sense_key=include%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a part, be made up out of | examples=The list includes the names of many famous writers
4. sense_key=include%2:30:00:: | definition=add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category | examples=We must include this chemical element in the group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `include`
    *   Target surface form: `including`
    *   Context: "They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- <t>including</t> two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `consider as part of something` (e.g., "I include you in the list of culprits")
        2.  `allow participation in or the right to be part of` (e.g., "admit someone to the profession")
        3.  `have as a part, be made up out of` (e.g., "The list includes the names of many famous writers")
        4.  `add as part of something else` (e.g., "We must include this chemical element in the group")

    *   The sentence says: "They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training..."
    *   Here, "including" is used to specify some of the members that make up the group of 15 ringers.
    *   It describes the composition of the group.

    *   Sense 1: "consider as part of something" - This is more about the act of deciding to put someone on a list or in a category.
    *   Sense 2: "allow participation in" - This is about admission or permission.
    *   Sense 3: "have as a part, be made up out of" - This fits perfectly. The group of 15 ringers *has as a part* two octogenarians and four youngsters.
    *   Sense 4: "add as part of something else" - This is the action of adding something to a set.

    *   The usage "a group of 15 ringers -- including X and Y" is a classic example of Sense 3 (composition/containment).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: training
Target surface form: training
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in <t>training</t> -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=training%1:07:00:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=education, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
2. sense_key=training%1:04:00:: | definition=activity leading to skilled behavior | synonyms=preparation, grooming

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "training"
    *   Target surface form: "training"
    *   Context: "...including two octogenarians and four youngsters in <t>training</t> -- who drive every Sunday from church to church..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `training%1:07:00::`: result of good upbringing (social behavior, breeding).
        2.  `training%1:04:00::`: activity leading to skilled behavior (preparation, grooming).

    *   The context describes people learning how to ring church bells.
    *   "four youngsters in training" means they are learning the skill of bell ringing.

    *   Sense 1 refers to social breeding/upbringing. This does not fit.
    *   Sense 2 refers to activity leading to skilled behavior. This fits perfectly (learning the skill of bell ringing).

    *   The correct sense is index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: drive
Target surface form: drive
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who <t>drive</t> every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=drive%2:42:00:: | definition=have certain properties when driven | synonyms=ride | examples=This car rides smoothly; My new truck drives well
2. sense_key=drive%2:35:06:: | definition=excavate horizontally | examples=drive a tunnel
3. sense_key=drive%2:35:03:: | definition=strike with a driver, as in teeing off | examples=drive a golf ball
4. sense_key=drive%2:35:01:: | definition=cause to move rapidly by striking or throwing with force | examples=drive the ball far out into the field
5. sense_key=drive%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=take | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
6. sense_key=drive%2:35:07:: | definition=push, propel, or press with force | examples=Drive a nail into the wall
7. sense_key=drive%2:41:02:: | definition=to compel or force or urge relentlessly or exert coercive pressure on, or motivate strongly | examples=She is driven by her passion
8. sense_key=drive%2:33:01:: | definition=hunting: search for game | examples=drive the forest
9. sense_key=drive%2:35:00:: | definition=force into or from an action or state, either physically or metaphorically | synonyms=force, ram | examples=She rammed her mind into focus; He drives me mad
10. sense_key=drive%2:36:00:: | definition=compel somebody to do something, often against his own will or judgment | examples=She finally drove him to change jobs
11. sense_key=drive%2:41:13:: | definition=work as a driver | examples=He drives a bread truck; She drives for the taxi company in Newark
12. sense_key=drive%2:38:10:: | definition=urge forward | examples=drive the cows into the barn
13. sense_key=drive%2:33:00:: | definition=hunting: chase from cover into more open ground | examples=drive the game
14. sense_key=drive%2:35:11:: | definition=cause to move back by force or influence | synonyms=repel, repulse, force back, push back, beat back | examples=repel the enemy; push back the urge to smoke
15. sense_key=drive%2:38:01:: | definition=operate or control a vehicle | examples=drive a car or bus; Can you drive this four-wheel truck?
16. sense_key=drive%2:32:00:: | definition=move into a desired direction of discourse | synonyms=get, aim | examples=What are you driving at?
17. sense_key=drive%2:38:09:: | definition=move by being propelled by a force | examples=The car drove around the corner
18. sense_key=drive%2:34:07:: | definition=cause to function by supplying the force or power for or by controlling | examples=The amplifier drives the tube; steam drives the engines
19. sense_key=drive%2:41:00:: | definition=strive and make an effort to reach a goal | synonyms=tug, labor, labour, push | examples=She tugged for years to make a decent living; We have to push a little to make the deadline!
20. sense_key=drive%2:38:00:: | definition=travel or be transported in a vehicle | synonyms=motor | examples=We drove to the university every morning; They motored to London for the theater
21. sense_key=drive%2:38:02:: | definition=cause someone or something to move by driving | examples=She drove me to school every day; We drove the car to the garage
22. sense_key=drive%2:35:02:: | definition=hit very hard, as by swinging a bat horizontally | examples=drive a ball

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 20}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 20}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "drive"
    *   Context: "...who <t>drive</t> every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding..."
    *   Meaning: The group of ringers travels from one church to another using a vehicle.

    *   1: properties when driven (e.g., "car rides smoothly") - No.
    *   2: excavate horizontally (e.g., "drive a tunnel") - No.
    *   3: strike with a driver (golf) - No.
    *   4: cause to move rapidly by striking - No.
    *   5: proceed along in a vehicle (synonym: take; example: "We drive the turnpike to work") - Possible.
    *   6: push, propel, or press with force (e.g., "drive a nail") - No.
    *   7: compel or force relentlessly - No.
    *   8: hunting: search for game - No.
    *   9: force into or from an action or state - No.
    *   10: compel somebody to do something - No.
    *   11: work as a driver (e.g., "drives a bread truck") - No.
    *   12: urge forward (e.g., "drive the cows") - No.
    *   13: hunting: chase from cover - No.
    *   14: cause to move back by force - No.
    *   15: operate or control a vehicle (e.g., "drive a car") - This is the act of operating, but the context is about the travel itself.
    *   16: move into a desired direction of discourse - No.
    *   17: move by being propelled by a force (e.g., "The car drove around the corner") - No.
    *   18: cause to function by supplying power - No.
    *   19: strive and make an effort - No.
    *   20: travel or be transported in a vehicle (synonym: motor; example: "We drove to the university every morning") - This fits perfectly.
    *   21: cause someone or something to move by driving (e.g., "She drove me to school") - No.
    *   22: hit very hard (batting) - No.

    *   Sense 5: "proceed along in a vehicle" (Example: "We drive the turnpike to work").
    *   Sense 20: "travel or be transported in a vehicle" (Example: "We drove to the university every morning").

    Looking at the context: "...who drive every Sunday from church to church..."
    This describes the act of traveling from one place to another using a vehicle. Sense 20 ("travel or be transported in a vehicle") is a more general and accurate description of the action of traveling from A to B than Sense 5 ("proceed along in a vehicle"), which often focuses on the route (the turnpike).

    Let's re-examine Sense 20: "travel or be transported in a vehicle" (synonym: motor).
    Example: "We drove to the university every morning."
    This matches the context "drive every Sunday from church to church" almost exactly.

    Sense 15 is "operate or control a vehicle," which is the mechanical act.
    Sense 20 is the act of traveling.

    The context is about the journey/travel.

    Sense 20 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sunday
Target surface form: Sunday
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every <t>Sunday</t> from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sunday%1:28:00:: | definition=first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians | synonyms=Lord's Day, Dominicus, Sun
2. sense_key=sunday%1:18:00:: | definition=United States evangelist (1862-1935) | synonyms=Billy Sunday, William Ashley Sunday

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `sunday`
    *   Target surface form: `Sunday`
    *   Context: "...who drive every <t>Sunday</t> from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `sunday%1:28:00::`: first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians.
        2.  `sunday%1:18:00::`: United States evangelist (1862-1935).

    *   The sentence describes people driving "every Sunday" to ring church bells.
    *   This clearly refers to the day of the week, not the person (Billy Sunday).

    *   Sense 1: Day of the week. (Matches)
    *   Sense 2: Evangelist. (Does not match)

    *   The correct sense index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from <t>church</t> to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `church`
    *   Target surface form: `church`
    *   Context: "...who drive every Sunday from <t>church</t> to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `church%1:14:01::`: the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church (congregation).
        2.  `church%1:06:00::`: a place for public (especially Christian) worship (building).
        3.  `church%1:04:00::`: a service conducted in a house of worship (service).
        4.  `church%1:14:00::`: one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship (denomination).

    *   The phrase is "drive every Sunday from church to church".
    *   The goal of the driving is "to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia".
    *   Belfries are parts of church buildings.
    *   One drives to a physical location (a building), not to a congregation, a service (though you drive to the place where the service is), or a denomination.
    *   "From church to church" in the context of visiting belfries strongly implies moving from one physical building to another.

    *   Sense 1 (people): Doesn't fit "drive from [people] to [people]" in the context of ringing bells in belfries.
    *   Sense 2 (building): Fits perfectly. They drive from one church building to another to ring the bells.
    *   Sense 3 (service): While they might be driving to attend/ring for a service, the phrase "from church to church" usually refers to the locations when combined with "drive" and "belfries". However, "going to church" often means the service. But "from church to church" in the context of visiting multiple belfries points to the buildings.
    *   Sense 4 (denomination): Doesn't fit. They aren't driving from one denomination to another.

    *   The context mentions "6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells" and "many belfries". This reinforces the physical building aspect.
    *   "Drive from church to church" = drive from one church building to another.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to <t>church</t> in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
2. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
3. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week
4. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `church`
    *   Target surface form: `church`
    *   Context: "...who drive every Sunday from church to <t>church</t> in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `church%1:06:00::`: a place for public (especially Christian) worship (church building)
        2.  `church%1:14:00::`: one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship (Christian church)
        3.  `church%1:14:01::`: the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church
        4.  `church%1:04:00::`: a service conducted in a house of worship (church service)

    *   The phrase is "drive every Sunday from church to church".
    *   The goal of the driving is "to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia".
    *   Belfries are parts of church buildings.
    *   Driving "from church to church" implies traveling between physical locations (buildings).

    *   Sense 1: "a place for public (especially Christian) worship" (church building). This fits perfectly. They are driving between buildings to ring the bells.
    *   Sense 2: "one of the groups of Christians..." (denominations). This doesn't fit the context of driving to belfries.
    *   Sense 3: "the body of people who attend..." (congregation). This doesn't fit the context of driving to belfries.
    *   Sense 4: "a service conducted in a house of worship" (church service). While they are ringing for services, the phrase "drive from church to church" refers to the locations they are visiting.

    *   The target word "church" in "drive from church to church" refers to the physical buildings.
    *   Sense 1 is the correct match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effort
Target surface form: effort
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting <t>effort</t> to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effort%1:04:00:: | definition=earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something | synonyms=attempt, endeavor, endeavour, try | examples=made an effort to cover all the reading material; wished him luck in his endeavor
2. sense_key=effort%1:04:03:: | definition=a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end | synonyms=campaign, cause, crusade, drive, movement | examples=he supported populist campaigns; they worked in the cause of world peace
3. sense_key=effort%1:04:01:: | definition=use of physical or mental energy; hard work | synonyms=elbow grease, exertion, travail, sweat | examples=he got an A for effort; they managed only with great exertion
4. sense_key=effort%1:04:02:: | definition=a notable achievement | synonyms=feat, exploit | examples=he performed a great feat; the book was her finest effort

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `effort`
    *   Target surface form: `effort`
    *   Context: "...who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting <t>effort</t> to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia."

    *   Sense 1: `earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something` (Synonyms: attempt, endeavor, try).
    *   Sense 2: `a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end` (Synonyms: campaign, cause, crusade, drive, movement).
    *   Sense 3: `use of physical or mental energy; hard work` (Synonyms: elbow grease, exertion, travail, sweat).
    *   Sense 4: `a notable achievement` (Synonyms: feat, exploit).

    *   The context describes a group of ringers driving from church to church every Sunday to keep bells sounding.
    *   The word "exhausting" modifies "effort".
    *   The goal is "to keep the bells sounding".
    *   Is it a "notable achievement" (Sense 4)? No, it's an ongoing process.
    *   Is it "use of physical or mental energy; hard work" (Sense 3)? It is exhausting, but the phrase "effort to [do something]" usually points toward an attempt or a concerted activity.
    *   Is it a "series of actions advancing a principle" (Sense 2)? While it's a series of actions, "campaign" or "crusade" feels too formal/political for this specific phrasing, although "drive" is a synonym.
    *   Is it "earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something" (Sense 1)? Yes. "An effort to keep the bells sounding" fits perfectly as an endeavor or attempt to achieve a goal.

    *   Sense 1 (endeavor/attempt) vs. Sense 3 (exertion/hard work).
    *   "Exhausting effort" often suggests Sense 3 (physical exertion).
    *   However, "effort to [verb]" is the classic construction for Sense 1 (an attempt/endeavor).
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: attempt, endeavor. "In a sometimes-exhausting endeavor to keep the bells sounding." (Fits well).
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 3: exertion, hard work. "In a sometimes-exhausting exertion to keep the bells sounding." (Less natural).
    *   Let's look at Sense 2: "In a sometimes-exhausting campaign/drive to keep the bells sounding." (Possible, but Sense 1 is more general and fits the "effort to [do something]" pattern better).

    *   "effort to [do something]" $\rightarrow$ Sense 1 (endeavor/attempt).
    *   "exhausting" $\rightarrow$ describes the nature of the activity.
    *   The overall meaning is the concerted activity/endeavor of the ringers to maintain the tradition.

    *   Sense 1: earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something.
    *   Sense 2: a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end.
    *   Sense 3: use of physical or mental energy; hard work.
    *   Sense 4: a notable achievement.

    Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2: Sense 1 is a single attempt or a general endeavor. Sense 2 is more like a "campaign". Driving from church to church every Sunday is a sustained activity. However, "effort to [verb]" is almost always Sense 1 in these datasets unless it's clearly a large-scale social movement.

    Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3: Sense 3 is the *energy* spent. Sense 1 is the *activity* itself. "In a... effort to keep the bells sounding" refers to the activity/endeavor.

    Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: keep
Target surface form: keep
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to <t>keep</t> the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=keep%2:40:00:: | definition=retain possession of | synonyms=hold on | examples=Can I keep my old stuffed animals?; She kept her maiden name after she married
2. sense_key=keep%2:42:03:: | definition=fail to spoil or rot | synonyms=stay fresh | examples=These potatoes keep for a long time
3. sense_key=keep%2:31:00:: | definition=stick to correctly or closely | synonyms=observe, maintain | examples=The pianist kept time with the metronome; keep count
4. sense_key=keep%2:41:02:: | definition=allow to remain in a place or position or maintain a property or feature | synonyms=retain, continue, keep on | examples=We cannot continue several servants any longer; She retains a lawyer
5. sense_key=keep%2:42:07:: | definition=continue a certain state, condition, or activity | synonyms=continue, go on, proceed, go along | examples=Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night
6. sense_key=keep%2:41:03:: | definition=conform one's action or practice to | synonyms=observe | examples=keep appointments; she never keeps her promises
7. sense_key=keep%2:41:00:: | definition=keep under control; keep in check | synonyms=restrain, keep back, hold back | examples=suppress a smile; Keep your temper
8. sense_key=keep%2:35:10:: | definition=hold and prevent from leaving | examples=The student was kept after school
9. sense_key=keep%2:40:09:: | definition=retain rights to | synonyms=keep open, hold open, save | examples=keep my job for me while I give birth; keep my seat, please
10. sense_key=keep%2:42:02:: | definition=maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger | synonyms=preserve | examples=May God keep you
11. sense_key=keep%2:41:01:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=prevent | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep
12. sense_key=keep%2:41:05:: | definition=behave as expected during of holidays or rites | synonyms=observe, celebrate | examples=Keep the commandments; celebrate Christmas
13. sense_key=keep%2:32:00:: | definition=maintain by writing regular records | synonyms=maintain | examples=keep a diary; maintain a record
14. sense_key=keep%2:40:10:: | definition=maintain for use and service | synonyms=maintain | examples=I keep a car in the countryside; She keeps an apartment in Paris for her shopping trips
15. sense_key=keep%2:42:12:: | definition=raise | examples=She keeps a few chickens in the yard; he keeps bees
16. sense_key=keep%2:34:00:: | definition=supply with necessities and support | synonyms=sustain, maintain | examples=She alone sustained her family; The money will sustain our good cause
17. sense_key=keep%2:30:10:: | definition=prevent (food) from rotting | synonyms=preserve | examples=preserved meats; keep potatoes fresh
18. sense_key=keep%2:42:00:: | definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=maintain, hold | examples=keep clean; hold in place
19. sense_key=keep%2:40:12:: | definition=have as a supply | examples=I always keep batteries in the freezer; keep food for a week in the pantry
20. sense_key=keep%2:40:01:: | definition=look after; be the keeper of; have charge of | examples=He keeps the shop when I am gone
21. sense_key=keep%2:42:01:: | definition=supply with room and board | examples=He is keeping three women in the guest cottage; keep boarders
22. sense_key=keep%2:40:13:: | definition=store or keep customarily | examples=Where do you keep your gardening tools?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 18}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 18}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "keep"
    *   Context: "...who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to <t>keep</t> the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia."
    *   Meaning: The ringers are making an effort to ensure that the bells continue to be rung (continue the activity/state of sounding).

    *   1: retain possession of (No)
    *   2: fail to spoil or rot (No)
    *   3: stick to correctly or closely (No)
    *   4: allow to remain in a place or position or maintain a property or feature (No)
    *   5: continue a certain state, condition, or activity (This is "keep on working", usually intransitive or with "on". Let's check others.)
    *   6: conform one's action or practice to (No)
    *   7: keep under control (No)
    *   8: hold and prevent from leaving (No)
    *   9: retain rights to (No)
    *   10: maintain in safety (No)
    *   11: stop (someone or something) from doing something (No)
    *   12: behave as expected during holidays (No)
    *   13: maintain by writing records (No)
    *   14: maintain for use and service (No)
    *   15: raise (animals) (No)
    *   16: supply with necessities (No)
    *   17: prevent food from rotting (No)
    *   18: keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., keep clean; hold in place (This fits: "keep the bells sounding" = maintain the state of the bells sounding).
    *   19: have as a supply (No)
    *   20: look after (No)
    *   21: supply with room and board (No)
    *   22: store or keep customarily (No)

    *   Sense 5: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity" (Example: "Keep on working!"). This is often used as "keep [doing something]".
    *   Sense 18: "keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., keep clean; hold in place". (Example: "keep clean").
    *   The phrase is "keep the bells sounding". This is "keep [object] [complement/state]".
    *   Sense 18 specifically mentions "keep in a certain state... e.g., keep clean". "Sounding" is the state/activity the bells are in.

    *   "Keep the bells sounding" means to maintain the state of the bells being rung.
    *   Sense 18: "keep in a certain state, position, or activity". This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the <t>bells</t> sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
2. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bell`
    *   Target surface form: `bells`
    *   Context: "In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614... keep the <t>bells</t> sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia."
    *   Key phrases: "pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells", "peal of bells", "churches in Britain with sets of bells", "belfries of East Anglia".

    *   1: Doorbell/buzzer (push button).
    *   2: Alexander Graham Bell (inventor).
    *   3: The sound of a bell being struck (toll).
    *   4: A hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck.
    *   5: The shape of a bell.
    *   6: Flared opening of a tubular device.
    *   7: Vanessa Bell (painter).
    *   8: Nautical time unit.
    *   9: Percussion instrument (orchestral set of tuned bells).
    *   10: Melville Bell (phonetician).

    *   The context describes physical objects in a church tower ("pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells", "belfries").
    *   These are the physical metal objects that make sound when struck.
    *   Sense 4 ("a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 3 refers to the *sound* itself, but the text says "ropes attached to the same five bells", meaning the physical objects.
    *   Sense 9 refers to an orchestral instrument (chimes/gongs), whereas these are church bells.

    *   Sense 4 is the most general and accurate description of a church bell.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sound
Target surface form: sounding
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells <t>sounding</t> in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sound%2:39:03:: | definition=give off a certain sound or sounds | examples=This record sounds scratchy
2. sense_key=sound%2:32:00:: | definition=utter with vibrating vocal chords | synonyms=voice, vocalize, vocalise
3. sense_key=sound%2:30:00:: | definition=measure the depth of (a body of water) with a sounding line | synonyms=fathom
4. sense_key=sound%2:39:00:: | definition=make a certain noise or sound | synonyms=go | examples=She went `Mmmmm'; The gun went `bang'
5. sense_key=sound%2:39:02:: | definition=announce by means of a sound | examples=sound the alarm
6. sense_key=sound%2:39:06:: | definition=appear in a certain way | examples=This sounds interesting
7. sense_key=sound%2:39:01:: | definition=cause to sound | examples=sound the bell; sound a certain note

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `sound`
    *   Target surface form: `sounding`
    *   Context: "...who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells <t>sounding</t> in the many belfries of East Anglia."
    *   Meaning: The ringers are trying to ensure that the bells continue to be rung (to make sound).

    *   Sense 1: `give off a certain sound or sounds` (e.g., "This record sounds scratchy") - This is more about the *quality* of the sound.
    *   Sense 2: `utter with vibrating vocal chords` (voice, vocalize) - Not applicable (bells don't have vocal chords).
    *   Sense 3: `measure the depth of (a body of water)` (fathom) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: `make a certain noise or sound` (synonym: go; e.g., "The gun went 'bang'") - This is about the act of making a sound.
    *   Sense 5: `announce by means of a sound` (e.g., "sound the alarm") - This is about the *purpose* of the sound.
    *   Sense 6: `appear in a certain way` (e.g., "This sounds interesting") - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 7: `cause to sound` (e.g., "sound the bell") - This is a transitive use (causing something else to sound).

    *   The phrase is "keep the bells sounding".
    *   In "keep [object] [verb-ing]", the verb describes the state or action of the object.
    *   "Keep the bells sounding" means keeping the bells in a state of making sound.
    *   Sense 1: "give off a certain sound" (quality).
    *   Sense 4: "make a certain noise or sound".
    *   Sense 7: "cause to sound". (Wait, "keep the bells sounding" - the bells are the ones doing the sounding).

    *   Sense 1: "give off a certain sound or sounds" (e.g., "This record sounds scratchy"). This often describes the *characteristic* of the sound.
    *   Sense 4: "make a certain noise or sound" (e.g., "The gun went 'bang'"). This describes the *act* of producing sound.
    *   Sense 7: "cause to sound" (e.g., "sound the bell"). This is transitive. In "keep the bells sounding", "sounding" is a participle describing the bells.

    Let's re-examine Sense 1 and Sense 4.
    Sense 1: "give off a certain sound or sounds"
    Sense 4: "make a certain noise or sound"

    Actually, looking at the examples:
    Sense 1: "This record sounds scratchy" (Linking verb/copular use).
    Sense 4: "The gun went 'bang'" (Intransitive use).

    Wait, "keep the bells sounding" means the bells are producing sound.
    Is it Sense 1 or Sense 4?
    Sense 1: "give off a certain sound or sounds"
    Sense 4: "make a certain noise or sound"

    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "give off a certain sound or sounds".
    Let's look at Sense 4 again: "make a certain noise or sound".

    Wait, let's look at the context again: "keep the bells sounding".
    This means the bells are continuing to make sound.

    Let's compare:
    "The bells sound beautiful" (Sense 1 - quality).
    "The bells sound every hour" (Sense 4 - act of making sound).
    "Keep the bells sounding" (Sense 4 - act of making sound).

    Wait, let me re-read the senses provided.
    1. give off a certain sound or sounds (Example: This record sounds scratchy)
    4. make a certain noise or sound (Example: She went 'Mmmmm'; The gun went 'bang')

    Actually, Sense 1's example "This record sounds scratchy" is a copular usage (sound + adjective).
    Sense 4's example "The gun went 'bang'" is an intransitive usage (sound/go + noise).

    Is there another sense?
    Sense 7: "cause to sound" (Example: sound the bell).
    If the sentence was "keep sounding the bells", it would be Sense 7. But it is "keep the bells sounding".

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 and 4.
    Sense 1: "give off a certain sound or sounds"
    Sense 4: "make a certain noise or sound"

    In "keep the bells sounding", the bells are the subject of the action "sounding". They are making sound.
    Sense 4 seems more appropriate for the act of producing sound.

    Wait, let me check Sense 1 again. "give off a certain sound or sounds".
    If I say "The bells sound", does that mean they are making a sound (Sense 4) or they have a certain quality (Sense 1)?
    Usually, "The bells sound" (intransitive) means they are ringing.

    Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 1: "This record sounds scratchy" (Copular)
    Sense 4: "The gun went 'bang'" (Intransitive)

    "Keep the bells sounding" -> The bells are making sound. This matches Sense 4 better than the copular Sense 1.

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 1's definition: "give off a certain sound or sounds".
    And Sense 4's definition: "make a certain noise or sound".
    They are very similar. But the example for Sense 1 is copular ("sounds scratchy"), while Sense 4 is "went 'bang'".

    Let's look at the context again. "keep the bells sounding".
    This means the bells are producing sound.
    If we look at WordNet (the source of these senses), "sound" as an intransitive verb meaning "to make a sound" is often mapped to Sense 4 (or similar).

    Let's re-read Sense 1: "give off a certain sound or sounds".
    Let's re-read Sense 4: "make a certain noise or sound".

    Actually, "give off a sound" and "make a sound" are almost identical.
    But "This record sounds scratchy" is a very specific type of "sounding" (copular).
    "The gun went 'bang'" is the act of making a noise.

    Is there any other sense?
    Sense 5: "announce by means of a sound" (sound the alarm).
    Sense 7: "cause to sound" (sound the bell).

    "Keep the bells sounding" means the bells are continuing to make sound.
    If the bells are the ones "sounding", they are making the noise.

    Let's think about "sounding" in "keep the bells sounding".
    It's like "keep the engine running". The engine is running.
    The bells are sounding. The bells are making sound.

    Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 4 again:
    Sense 1: give off a certain sound or sounds.
    Sense 4: make a certain noise or sound.

    Wait, let me look at the examples again.
    Sense 1: "This record sounds scratchy"
    Sense 4: "She went 'Mmmmm'; The gun went 'bang'"

    In "This record sounds scratchy", "sounds" is a linking verb.
    In "The gun went 'bang'", "went" is used as a synonym for "sounded".
    So Sense 4 is "to make a sound".

    Therefore, "keep the bells sounding" (keep the bells making sound) fits Sense 4.

    Wait, let me check Sense 1 again. "give off a certain sound or sounds".
    If I say "The bells sound", am I saying they "give off a sound" or "make a sound"?
    Both. But the example "This record sounds scratchy" strongly suggests the copular use (sound + adjective).

    Let's check Sense 4 again. "make a certain noise or sound". Example: "The gun went 'bang'".
    This is the intransitive use of "sound" (to make a noise).

    Wait, let me look at the context one more time.
    "...effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia."
    This means they want the bells to continue to be rung/to make sound.

    Is it possible it's Sense 1? "give off a certain sound or sounds".
    If "sounding" means "making sound", then Sense 4 ("make a certain noise or sound") is a very strong fit.

    Let's double-check Sense 7: "cause to sound".
    If the sentence was "keep sounding the bells", it would be Sense 7.
    But "keep the bells sounding" means the bells are the ones doing the sounding.

    Let's double-check Sense 5: "announce by means of a sound".
    The bells are used for announcing, but "keep the bells sounding" is more about the act of making sound than the act of announcing.

    So, between 1 and 4:
    Sense 1: give off a certain sound or sounds (Example: This record sounds scratchy)
    Sense 4: make a certain noise or sound (Example: The gun went 'bang')

    Sense 4 is the most direct fit for "making a sound".

    Wait, let me think about this again.
    "The bells sound" (they make a noise).
    "The bells sound beautiful" (they have a quality).
    "Keep the bells sounding" (keep them making noise).

    Sense 4: "make a certain noise or sound".
    Sense 1: "give off a certain sound or sounds".

    Actually, looking at WordNet's structure:
    sound.v.01 (Sense 1 here?): give off a certain sound or sounds.
    sound.v.02 (Sense 4 here?): make a certain noise or sound.

    Wait, let me re-read the provided senses carefully.
    1. sense_key=sound%2:39:03:: | definition=give off a certain sound or sounds | examples=This record sounds scratchy
    4. sense_key=sound%2:39:00:: | definition=make a certain noise or sound | synonyms=go | examples=She went `Mmmmm'; The gun went `bang'

    In Sense 1, the example "This record sounds scratchy" is a copular use.
    In Sense 4, the example "The gun went 'bang'" is an intransitive use.
    "Keep the bells sounding" is an intransitive use of "sounding" (the bells are sounding).

    Therefore, Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: even
Target surface form: even
Context:
But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for <t>even</t> one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
2. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
3. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `even`
    *   Target surface form: `even`
    *   Context: "To ring for <t>even</t> one service at this tower, we have to scrape," says Mr. Hammond...
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `even%4:02:03::`: in spite of; notwithstanding (e.g., "even when he is sick")
        2.  `even%4:02:01::`: to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons (e.g., "even worse")
        3.  `even%4:02:00::`: used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected (e.g., "even an idiot knows that")
        4.  `even%4:02:04::`: to the full extent (e.g., "loyal even unto death")

    *   The sentence is: "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape."
    *   Here, "even" is used to emphasize that something surprising or extreme is true—specifically, that it's difficult to manage just *one* service.
    *   It's acting as an intensive to highlight the difficulty/unexpectedness of the situation (that even a single service is hard to staff).

    *   Sense 1 (in spite of): Doesn't fit. It's not "despite one service."
    *   Sense 2 (greater degree/comparison): Doesn't fit. There is no comparison like "even more" or "even worse."
    *   Sense 3 (intensive/unexpected): Fits well. "Even one service" emphasizes that the minimum requirement is surprisingly difficult to meet.
    *   Sense 4 (full extent): Doesn't fit. It's not "to the full extent of one service."

    *   Sense 3: "used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected"
    *   Example: "even an idiot knows that"
    *   Context: "even one service" (emphasizing that even the smallest amount is hard). This matches the usage of "even" as an intensive to mark a surprising minimum.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: service
Target surface form: service
Context:
But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one <t>service</t> at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=service%1:04:02:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play | synonyms=serve | examples=his powerful serves won the game
2. sense_key=service%1:14:05:: | definition=a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
3. sense_key=service%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of public worship following prescribed rules | synonyms=religious service, divine service | examples=the Sunday service
4. sense_key=service%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of delivering a writ or summons upon someone | synonyms=serving, service of process | examples=he accepted service of the subpoena
5. sense_key=service%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of mating by male animals | synonyms=servicing | examples=the bull was worth good money in servicing fees
6. sense_key=service%1:04:07:: | definition=employment in or work for another | examples=he retired after 30 years of service
7. sense_key=service%1:04:05:: | definition=periodic maintenance on a car or machine | synonyms=overhaul, inspection and repair | examples=it was time for an overhaul on the tractor
8. sense_key=service%1:06:00:: | definition=tableware consisting of a complete set of articles (silver or dishware) for use at table | synonyms=table service
9. sense_key=service%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of help or assistance | examples=he did them a service
10. sense_key=service%1:07:00:: | definition=a means of serving | synonyms=avail, help | examples=of no avail; there's no help for it
11. sense_key=service%1:04:09:: | definition=(law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him
12. sense_key=service%1:04:08:: | definition=work done by one person or group that benefits another | examples=budget separately for goods and services
13. sense_key=service%1:14:00:: | definition=a force that is a branch of the armed forces | synonyms=military service, armed service
14. sense_key=service%1:04:06:: | definition=the performance of duties by a waiter or servant | examples=that restaurant has excellent service
15. sense_key=service%1:18:00:: | definition=Canadian writer (born in England) who wrote about life in the Yukon Territory (1874-1958) | synonyms=Robert William Service

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `service`
    *   Target surface form: `service`
    *   Context: "To ring for even one <t>service</t> at this tower, we have to scrape..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses churches, church-goers, peal of bells, ringers, Sunday morning and evening service, belfries.

    *   1: Sports stroke (serve) - No.
    *   2: Company/agency performing public service - No.
    *   3: Act of public worship following prescribed rules (religious service, divine service) - Yes.
    *   4: Delivering a writ/summons - No.
    *   5: Mating by male animals - No.
    *   6: Employment/work for another - No.
    *   7: Periodic maintenance on a car/machine - No.
    *   8: Tableware - No.
    *   9: Act of help or assistance - No.
    *   10: Means of serving (avail/help) - No.
    *   11: English feudal tenant acts - No.
    *   12: Work done by one person/group that benefits another - No.
    *   13: Branch of armed forces - No.
    *   14: Performance of duties by a waiter/servant - No.
    *   15: Canadian writer - No.

    *   The context explicitly mentions "church-goers", "churches in Britain", "Sunday morning and evening service", and "ring for even one service at this tower".
    *   This clearly refers to a religious service.
    *   Sense 3: "the act of public worship following prescribed rules | synonyms=religious service, divine service | examples=the Sunday service".

    *   Sense 3 is the perfect match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tower
Target surface form: tower
Context:
But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this <t>tower</t>, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
2. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `tower`
    *   Target surface form: `tower`
    *   Context: The text discusses churches, bells, ringers, and belfries in East Anglia. Specifically, "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape," says Mr. Hammond.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `tower%1:25:00::`: anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower (e.g., column of powder, tower of dust).
        2.  `tower%1:06:01::`: a powerful small boat (tugboat).
        3.  `tower%1:06:00::`: a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building.

    *   The context mentions "churches", "bells", "ringers", and "belfries".
    *   A "belfry" is a bell tower.
    *   The speaker is talking about ringing bells "at this tower".
    *   This clearly refers to a physical architectural structure (a church tower).

    *   Sense 1 is for things that *look* like towers (dust, powder).
    *   Sense 2 is a boat.
    *   Sense 3 is a physical structure taller than its diameter, which fits a church tower perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: scrape
Target surface form: scrape
Context:
But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to <t>scrape</t>, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=scrape%2:35:01:: | definition=bruise, cut, or injure the skin or the surface of | synonyms=skin | examples=The boy skinned his knee when he fell
2. sense_key=scrape%2:36:00:: | definition=make by scraping | examples=They scraped a letter into the stone
3. sense_key=scrape%2:35:00:: | definition=scratch repeatedly | synonyms=grate | examples=The cat scraped at the armchair
4. sense_key=scrape%2:35:03:: | definition=gather (money or other resources) together over time | synonyms=scrape up, scratch, come up | examples=She had scraped together enough money for college; they scratched a meager living
5. sense_key=scrape%2:35:02:: | definition=cut the surface of; wear away the surface of | synonyms=scratch, scratch up
6. sense_key=scrape%2:38:00:: | definition=bend the knees and bow in a servile manner | synonyms=kowtow, genuflect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `scrape`
    *   Target surface form: `scrape`
    *   Context: "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to <t>scrape</t>," says Mr. Hammond... "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "scrape" refers to the difficulty of gathering enough people (ringers) to perform the task. It implies a struggle to find or assemble the necessary resources (in this case, human resources/people).

    *   Sense 1: bruise, cut, or injure the skin (Physical injury) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 2: make by scraping (Creating something by scratching) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 3: scratch repeatedly (Physical action) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 4: gather (money or other resources) together over time (Gathering resources with difficulty) - *Correct* (Resources here are the ringers).
    *   Sense 5: cut the surface of; wear away the surface of (Physical damage) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 6: bend the knees and bow in a servile manner (Kowtow) - *Incorrect*

    *   The phrase "we have to scrape" in the context of needing enough ringers to ring the bells fits the definition of gathering resources (people) together, often with difficulty.
    *   Synonyms for Sense 4: "scrape up", "scratch", "come up".
    *   Example for Sense 4: "She had scraped together enough money for college".
    *   The context "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they... just drift away" reinforces the idea of struggling to gather enough people.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "<t>says</t> Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
2. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
3. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
4. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon
5. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
6. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
7. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
9. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
10. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
11. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `say`
    *   Target surface form: `says`
    *   Context: `"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, " says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker.`
    *   The word "says" is used here as a reporting verb for a direct quote.

    *   Sense 1: speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way (focus on pronunciation/articulation).
    *   Sense 2: express in words (general state/tell).
    *   Sense 3: utter aloud (specific act of speaking a word/phrase).
    *   Sense 4: indicate (e.g., a clock).
    *   Sense 5: express a supposition (e.g., "let's say").
    *   Sense 6: give instructions/order.
    *   Sense 7: have/contain certain wording (e.g., a law).
    *   Sense 8: communicate nonverbally.
    *   Sense 9: recite a fixed text (e.g., a prayer).
    *   Sense 10: report or maintain (allege/aver).
    *   Sense 11: state as opinion/judgment.

    *   The context is a direct quote: `"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape," says Mr. Hammond`.
    *   This is the most basic use of "say" to report speech.
    *   Comparing Sense 2 ("express in words") and Sense 3 ("utter aloud").
    *   Sense 2 is often used for the content of the speech (He said that he wanted to marry her).
    *   Sense 3 is often used for the act of uttering (She said 'Hello').
    *   Sense 10 is for alleging or maintaining a claim.
    *   In journalistic writing, "says" is the standard reporting verb for expressing something in words.

    *   Sense 2: "express in words" (synonyms: state, tell). Example: "He said that he wanted to marry her".
    *   Sense 3: "utter aloud". Example: "She said 'Hello' to everyone".
    *   The quote "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape" is a statement of fact/situation expressed in words.
    *   Usually, in these WSD tasks for reporting verbs in quotes, Sense 2 is the general "express in words" sense.

    *   Sense 2: express in words (state, tell).
    *   Sense 3: utter aloud.
    *   Sense 10: report or maintain (allege, aver).
    *   The sentence is a simple report of what Mr. Hammond said. Sense 2 is the most general and fitting for "express in words".

    *   Sense 2: "express in words" (state, tell).
    *   Sense 3: "utter aloud".
    *   Looking at the examples: Sense 2 ("He said that he wanted to marry her") is indirect speech. Sense 3 ("She said 'Hello'") is direct speech.
    *   The target context is direct speech: `"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape," says Mr. Hammond`.
    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate Sense 2 vs Sense 3.
    *   Sense 2: express in words.
    *   Sense 3: utter aloud.
    *   Actually, Sense 2 is the most common sense for reporting a statement. Let's check if Sense 3 is specifically for short interjections or the physical act. "She said 'Hello'" is a short utterance. "To ring for even one service... we have to scrape" is a full statement.
    *   Sense 2 is "express in words" (state, tell). This fits a full statement better.

    *   Sense 10: "report or maintain" (allege, aver). This is usually for claims that might be disputed. Mr. Hammond is just describing his situation.

    *   Sense 2 is the most general "express in words".
    *   Sense 3 is "utter aloud".
    *   In many WordNet-based datasets, the reporting verb in a quote is mapped to the general "express in words" sense.

    *   Sense 2: express in words.
    *   Sense 3: utter aloud.
    *   If I say "He said 'I am tired'", is that uttering aloud or expressing in words? Both. But "express in words" is the primary meaning of reporting a statement.

    *   Sense 2: express in words.
    *   Sense 3: utter aloud.
    *   Looking at the examples again:
        Sense 2: "He said that he wanted to marry her" (Indirect)
        Sense 3: "She said 'Hello' to everyone" (Direct)
    *   The target is direct speech. However, "Hello" is a greeting, whereas the target is a full sentence.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 synonyms: state, tell. "Mr. Hammond stated..." "Mr. Hammond told us...". This fits well.

    *   Sense 2 is the most appropriate for reporting a statement.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worker
Target surface form: worker
Context:
But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority <t>worker</t>. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worker%1:05:01:: | definition=sterile member of a colony of social insects that forages for food and cares for the larvae
2. sense_key=worker%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who acts and gets things done | synonyms=actor, doer | examples=he's a principal actor in this affair; when you want something done get a doer
3. sense_key=worker%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who works at a specific occupation | examples=he is a good worker
4. sense_key=worker%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the working class (not necessarily employed) | synonyms=proletarian, prole | examples=workers of the world--unite!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `worker`
    *   Target surface form: `worker`
    *   Context: "...says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `worker%1:05:01::`: sterile member of a colony of social insects...
        2.  `worker%1:18:02::`: a person who acts and gets things done (actor, doer).
        3.  `worker%1:18:00::`: a person who works at a specific occupation.
        4.  `worker%1:18:01::`: a member of the working class (proletarian).

    *   The phrase is "retired water-authority worker".
    *   "Water-authority" describes the place or organization where the person worked.
    *   "Retired" indicates he used to have this job.
    *   This clearly refers to someone's occupation or employment.

    *   Sense 1: Insects (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 2: A "doer" or "actor" in a general sense (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 3: A person who works at a specific occupation (Correct).
    *   Sense 4: A member of the working class/proletarian (Incorrect - while he might be, the context specifically links him to a specific employer/occupation: "water-authority").

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: try
Target surface form: tried
Context:
Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've <t>tried</t> to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=try%2:37:01:: | definition=give pain or trouble to | examples=I've been sorely tried by these students
2. sense_key=try%2:34:00:: | definition=take a sample of | synonyms=sample, try out, taste | examples=Try these new crackers; Sample the regional dishes
3. sense_key=try%2:29:00:: | definition=put on a garment in order to see whether it fits and looks nice | synonyms=try on | examples=Try on this sweater to see how it looks
4. sense_key=try%2:30:00:: | definition=melt (fat or lard) in order to separate out impurities | synonyms=render | examples=try the yak butter; render fat in a casserole
5. sense_key=try%2:37:00:: | definition=test the limits of | synonyms=strain, stress | examples=You are trying my patience!
6. sense_key=try%2:41:01:: | definition=put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to | synonyms=test, prove, try out, examine, essay | examples=This approach has been tried with good results; Test this recipe
7. sense_key=try%2:41:06:: | definition=put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of | synonyms=judge, adjudicate | examples=The football star was tried for the murder of his wife; The judge tried both father and son in separate trials
8. sense_key=try%2:41:05:: | definition=examine or hear (evidence or a case) by judicial process | synonyms=hear | examples=The jury had heard all the evidence; The case will be tried in California
9. sense_key=try%2:41:00:: | definition=make an effort or attempt | synonyms=seek, attempt, essay, assay | examples=He tried to shake off his fears; The infant had essayed a few wobbly steps

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `try`
    *   Target surface form: `tried`
    *   Context: "We've <t>tried</t> to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away."
    *   Meaning: The speaker (Mr. Hammond) made an effort to train young people to ring bells, but it didn't work out.

    *   Sense 1: give pain or trouble to (e.g., "sorely tried by these students") - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 2: take a sample of (e.g., "Try these new crackers") - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 3: put on a garment (e.g., "Try on this sweater") - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 4: melt fat (e.g., "try the yak butter") - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 5: test the limits of (e.g., "trying my patience") - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 6: put to the test, experimental use (e.g., "This approach has been tried") - *Close, but usually refers to testing a method/product rather than making an effort to achieve a goal.*
    *   Sense 7: put on trial (judge) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 8: examine evidence (judicial process) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 9: make an effort or attempt (e.g., "He tried to shake off his fears") - *Correct*

    *   The sentence "We've tried to train the youngsters" means "We have made an effort to train the youngsters."
    *   This matches Sense 9 perfectly.