[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lucky
Target surface form: lucky
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're <t>lucky</t> if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lucky%3:00:00:: | definition=having or bringing good fortune | examples=my lucky day; a lucky man
2. sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:propitious:00 | definition=presaging or likely to bring good luck | synonyms=golden, favorable, favourable, prosperous | examples=a favorable time to ask for a raise; lucky stars
3. sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=occurring by chance | examples=a lucky escape; a lucky guess

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `lucky`
    *   Target surface form: `lucky`
    *   Context: "Right now, we're <t>lucky</t> if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10,"
    *   Meaning in context: The speaker is saying that keeping one out of ten ringers is a positive outcome, but it's a low bar, and achieving it is considered a success or a stroke of good fortune given the circumstances.

    *   Sense 1: `having or bringing good fortune` (e.g., "my lucky day", "a lucky man"). This refers to a person or thing that possesses the quality of being lucky.
    *   Sense 2: `presaging or likely to bring good luck` (e.g., "a favorable time", "lucky stars"). This refers to circumstances that are propitious or favorable.
    *   Sense 3: `occurring by chance` (e.g., "a lucky escape", "a lucky guess"). This refers to something that happens by chance and has a positive outcome.

    *   "We're lucky if..." is a common idiomatic expression meaning "it would be a fortunate outcome if..." or "we can consider ourselves fortunate if...".
    *   In this context, "we're lucky" means they would be fortunate/lucky to achieve that specific result (keeping 1/10 ringers).
    *   Comparing the senses:
        *   Sense 1 (having/bringing good fortune) fits the description of the people ("we") being in a state of good fortune if the condition is met.
        *   Sense 2 (propitious/favorable) usually describes a time or a sign, not the people themselves.
        *   Sense 3 (occurring by chance) describes the event, not the people.

    *   "We are lucky" $\rightarrow$ We are fortunate people.
    *   Sense 1: "having or bringing good fortune". This matches "fortunate".
    *   Sense 2: "presaging or likely to bring good luck". (Not applicable to "we").
    *   Sense 3: "occurring by chance". (Not applicable to "we").

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 1 and Sense 3.
    *   Sense 1: "having or bringing good fortune" (my lucky day; a lucky man).
    *   Sense 3: "occurring by chance" (a lucky escape; a lucky guess).
    *   "We're lucky if..." means "We would be fortunate if...". This aligns best with Sense 1 (being a lucky person/group).

    *   Sense 1: lucky man (person having good fortune).
    *   Context: "we're lucky" (we are people having good fortune).
    *   This is a direct match.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five <t>years</t> we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `year`
    *   Target surface form: `years`
    *   Context: "Right now, we're lucky if after five <t>years</t> we keep one new ringer out of 10,"
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `year%1:28:01::`: a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days (standard calendar year).
        2.  `year%1:28:02::`: a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year used for some particular activity (e.g., school year).
        3.  `year%1:28:00::`: the period of time for a planet to revolve around the sun (astronomical year).
        4.  `year%1:14:00::`: a body of students who graduate together (class).

    *   The sentence is: "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10."
    *   The phrase "after five years" refers to a duration of time.
    *   It's not referring to a specific academic year (sense 2), an astronomical revolution (sense 3), or a graduating class (sense 4).
    *   It refers to the standard measure of time (365/366 days).

    *   Sense 1: "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days". This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: Standard calendar year. (Correct)
    *   Sense 2: Activity-based year (e.g., school year). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Astronomical year. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Graduating class. (Incorrect)

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one <t>new</t> ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
3. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
4. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him
6. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
8. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
9. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
11. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `new`
    *   Target surface form: `new`
    *   Context: "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one <t>new</t> ringer out of 10,"
    *   Meaning: The speaker is talking about attracting and training ringers. A "new ringer" in this context refers to someone who has recently started training or has recently joined the activity of bellringing.

    *   Sense 1: unaffected by use or exposure (e.g., "looks like new") - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 2: inexperienced:00 (lacking training or experience; raw) - *Possible, but "new ringer" usually means someone who just joined.*
    *   Sense 3: not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered (e.g., "a new law; new cars") - *This fits the idea of someone who has recently become a ringer.*
    *   Sense 4: original:00 (gratuitously new; newfangled) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 5: unaccustomed:00 (unfamiliar) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 6: original:00 (original and of a kind not seen before; novel) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 7: late:01 (in use after medieval times) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 8: early:02 (harvested at an early stage) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 9: other:00 (other than the former one(s); different) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 10: unprecedented:00 (having no previous example) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 11: late:01 (current stage of language development) - *Incorrect.*

    *   Sense 2 (inexperienced) vs. Sense 3 (recently come into being/acquired/started).
    *   The context is "attract and train ringers." A "new ringer" is someone who has recently started the process of becoming a ringer.
    *   Sense 3 is a general sense for something that has recently come into existence or a role that has recently been filled.
    *   Sense 2 specifically emphasizes the *lack* of experience.
    *   In the phrase "keep one new ringer out of 10," the focus is on the retention of people who have recently joined the ranks.
    *   Comparing "new recruit" (often Sense 2) with "new ringer."
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered." A person becoming a ringer is a change in status/role.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "lacking training or experience."
    *   Usually, "new [member/employee/student]" is mapped to the sense of "recently joined" (Sense 3) rather than "inexperienced" (Sense 2), although they often overlap. However, Sense 3 is the more fundamental meaning of "new" in the sense of "recent."
    *   Wait, let's re-read Sense 2: "lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits". This specifically mentions "recruits."
    *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars".
    *   In the context of "attract and train ringers," the "new ringers" are the ones who have just been attracted and are being trained. They are recruits.
    *   Is "new ringer" more about being "inexperienced" (Sense 2) or "recently joined" (Sense 3)?
    *   If I say "a new employee," I usually mean they just started (Sense 3), even if they are experienced in their field. If I say "a raw recruit," I mean they are inexperienced (Sense 2).
    *   The context says "attract and train ringers." The "new ringers" are the ones who have just entered the field.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits". This is very close to "new ringer."
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "a new law; new cars".
    *   Actually, in many WordNet-based datasets, "new" meaning "recently joined" or "recent" is Sense 3. Sense 2 is specifically for "inexperienced/raw."
    *   Is a "new ringer" necessarily inexperienced? Yes, because they are being trained. But the primary meaning of "new" here is that they have recently joined the group.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 3: "having just (or relatively recently) come into being...". A "new ringer" is someone who has recently become a ringer.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "lacking training or experience".
    *   If the focus is on the *retention* ("keep one new ringer out of 10"), it's about the people who just started.
    *   Let's check common usage in WSD tasks. "New" as in "new member" is typically Sense 3 (recent). Sense 2 is usually reserved for "raw" or "green."
    *   Wait, the example for Sense 2 is "the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits." This is almost identical to "new ringer."
    *   Let's look at the distinction again.
        Sense 2: inexperienced, raw.
        Sense 3: recent, just come into being.
    *   If you are a "new ringer," you are both recent and inexperienced. Which one is the *primary* sense?
    *   "We're lucky if... we keep one new ringer out of 10." This refers to the cohort of people who recently started.
    *   If I replace "new" with "inexperienced": "we keep one inexperienced ringer out of 10." (Doesn't sound quite right).
    *   If I replace "new" with "recent": "we keep one recent ringer out of 10." (Also doesn't sound quite right, but "new" in the sense of "recently joined" fits).
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered".
    *   Actually, "new" meaning "recently joined" is often categorized under the "recent" sense (Sense 3).
    *   Let's double-check Sense 2's example: "the new men were eager to fight". This could be interpreted as "the men who just arrived" (recent) or "the men who are inexperienced" (raw). But the synonym "raw" and the example "raw recruits" strongly point to "inexperienced."
    *   In the context of "attract and train," the "new ringers" are the ones who have just been recruited.
    *   Let's compare:
        "A new ringer" = A person who has recently become a ringer. (Sense 3)
        "A new ringer" = A ringer who lacks experience. (Sense 2)
    *   The sentence "we keep one new ringer out of 10" is about the retention rate of the newcomers. This points more towards the "recent" aspect (Sense 3) than the "inexperienced" aspect (Sense 2), although they are closely linked.
    *   However, looking at the WordNet sense keys provided:
        Sense 2: `new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00`
        Sense 3: `new%3:00:00::`
    *   Sense 3 is the most general sense of "new" (recent). Sense 2 is a more specific sense (inexperienced).
    *   In the phrase "new ringer," the most direct meaning is "someone who has recently become a ringer."

    *   Sense 3: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered"
    *   Sense 2: "lacking training or experience"
    *   If the text says "attract and train ringers," and then "keep one new ringer," it's referring to the people they just attracted. This is the "recent" sense.

    *   Wait, let me search for "new recruit" in WordNet. "New recruit" is often associated with "inexperienced."
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2 again: "the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits".
    *   This is a very strong match for "new ringer" in the context of training.
    *   Let's re-read the context: "the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful... we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10".
    *   The "new ringers" are the ones who entered the program. They are the "recruits."
    *   If the example for Sense 2 is "raw recruits," then "new ringer" (as a recruit) fits Sense 2 very well.

    *   Sense 3: "a new law; new cars" (Something that didn't exist before or was just acquired).
    *   Sense 2: "the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits" (People who are new to a role and thus inexperienced).
    *   A "new ringer" is a person new to a role. This matches the example "the new men" and "raw recruits" in Sense 2.

    *   Sense 2: `new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00`
    *   Sense 3: `new%3:00:00::`
    *   The example "raw recruits" in Sense 2 is almost a perfect parallel to "new ringer" in a training program.

    *   Is "new ringer" more about the *time* they joined (Sense 3) or their *lack of experience* (Sense 2)?
    *   "We keep one new ringer out of 10." This means out of 10 people who start, only one stays. This is about the *cohort* of newcomers.
    *   While they are inexperienced, the "new" refers to their status as newcomers.
    *   However, the WordNet example "the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits" specifically uses "new" to describe people in a similar situation (newly joined a group/role).
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 3: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered".
    *   A "new ringer" isn't something that "came into being," but a person who *became* a ringer.
    *   Actually, Sense 2's "lacking training or experience" is a very common way to describe "new" when applied to people in a professional or skilled role.

    *   Sense 2: inexperienced, raw, raw recruits.
    *   Sense 3: recent, new law, new cars.
    *   "New ringer" in the context of "attract and train" fits the "raw recruit" pattern of Sense 2.

    *   Wait, let me think about this one more time. If I say "I have a new car," it's Sense 3. If I say "I have a new employee," is it Sense 3 (recently hired) or Sense 2 (inexperienced)? Usually, it's Sense 3. But if the context is "training the new employees," it leans towards Sense 2.
    *   The context here is "attract and train ringers." The "new ringers" are the ones being trained. This strongly suggests the "inexperienced" sense.

    *   Sense 2: `new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00`
    *   Sense 3: `new%3:00:00::`
    *   The example "raw recruits" is the key. A "new ringer" in a training program is a recruit.

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 3 again. "having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered".
    *   If you "acquire" a new ringer (by attracting them), does that fit? Not really.
    *   If the person "became" a ringer recently, does that fit "come into being"? A bit of a stretch.
    *   Sense 2's "lacking training or experience" is a much more natural fit for someone who is being "trained."

    *   Context: "attract and train ringers" -> "keep one new ringer out of 10".
    *   Sense 2: "lacking training or experience" (synonym: raw, example: raw recruits).
    *   This is a strong match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringer
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new <t>ringer</t> out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "ringer"
    *   Context: The text discusses church life, "lack of ringers," "trained bellringers in England," "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung," "attract and train ringers," and "women have entered the once male-dominated field."
    *   Target surface form: "ringer" (specifically in the sentence "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new <t>ringer</t> out of 10").

    *   Sense 1: A contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: A person who is almost identical to another. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: A person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation). (Correct - matches "bellringers", "church life", "bells need to be rung").
    *   Sense 4: (Horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe. (Incorrect)

    *   The context explicitly mentions "bellringers" and "church bells."
    *   Sense 3 is the perfect match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: add
Target surface form: adds
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he <t>adds</t>. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=add%2:30:00:: | definition=make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of | examples=We added two students to that dorm room; She added a personal note to her letter
2. sense_key=add%2:42:00:: | definition=constitute an addition | examples=This paper will add to her reputation
3. sense_key=add%2:31:00:: | definition=make an addition by combining numbers | synonyms=add together | examples=Add 27 and 49, please!
4. sense_key=add%2:32:01:: | definition=state or say further | synonyms=append, supply | examples=`It doesn't matter,' he supplied
5. sense_key=add%2:40:00:: | definition=bestow a quality on | synonyms=lend, impart, bestow, contribute, bring | examples=Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company; The music added a lot to the play
6. sense_key=add%2:32:00:: | definition=determine the sum of | synonyms=total, tot, tot up, sum, sum up, summate | examples=Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `add`
    *   Target surface form: `adds`
    *   Context: "...'Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10,' he <t>adds</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `add%2:30:00::`: make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase quality, quantity, size or scope.
        2.  `add%2:42:00::`: constitute an addition.
        3.  `add%2:31:00::`: make an addition by combining numbers.
        4.  `add%2:32:01::`: state or say further.
        5.  `add%2:40:00::`: bestow a quality on.
        6.  `add%2:32:00::`: determine the sum of.

    *   The sentence is: "'Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10,' he adds."
    *   In this context, "adds" is used as a reporting verb. Mr. Baldwin is speaking, and he is providing additional information or continuing his statement.

    *   Sense 1: Physical or conceptual addition (e.g., adding students to a room). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: Constituting an addition (e.g., adding to a reputation). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: Mathematical addition (e.g., 27 + 49). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: "state or say further" (synonyms: append, supply). This matches perfectly. The speaker is adding more words to his previous statement.
    *   Sense 5: Bestowing a quality (e.g., music adding to a play). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 6: Determining a sum (e.g., totaling people). Not applicable.

    *   The target word "adds" means "says further" or "continues speaking."
    *   This corresponds to sense index 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bright
Target surface form: bright
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One <t>bright</t> sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:reverberant:00 | definition=clear and sharp and ringing | synonyms=brilliant | examples=the bright sound of the trumpet section; the brilliant sound of the trumpets
2. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:intelligent:00 | definition=characterized by quickness and ease in learning | synonyms=smart | examples=some children are brighter in one subject than another; smart children talk earlier than the average
3. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:happy:00 | definition=characterized by happiness or gladness | examples=bright faces; all the world seems bright and gay
4. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:colorful:00 | definition=having striking color | synonyms=brilliant, vivid | examples=bright dress; brilliant tapestries
5. sense_key=bright%3:00:00:: | definition=emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts | examples=the sun was bright and hot; a bright sunlit room
6. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:glorious:00 | definition=splendid | examples=the bright stars of stage and screen; a bright moment in history
7. sense_key=bright%3:00:02:: | definition=not made dim or less bright | synonyms=undimmed | examples=undimmed headlights; surprisingly the curtain started to rise while the houselights were still undimmed
8. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:auspicious:00 | definition=full or promise | synonyms=hopeful, promising | examples=had a bright future in publishing; the scandal threatened an abrupt end to a promising political career
9. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:polished:00 | definition=made smooth and bright by or as if by rubbing; reflecting a sheen or glow | synonyms=burnished, lustrous, shining, shiny | examples=bright silver candlesticks; a burnished brass knocker
10. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:light:06 | definition=having lots of light either natural or artificial | examples=the room was bright and airy; a stage bright with spotlights

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "bright"
    *   Context: "One <t>bright</t> sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field..."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "bright sign" refers to a positive, hopeful, or promising indicator.

    *   1: reverberant (clear and sharp sound) - No.
    *   2: intelligent (smart) - No.
    *   3: happy (gladness) - No.
    *   4: colorful (striking color) - No.
    *   5: emitting/reflecting light - No.
    *   6: glorious (splendid) - No.
    *   7: not made dim - No.
    *   8: auspicious (full of promise, hopeful, promising) - Yes. "A bright sign" means a promising sign.
    *   9: polished (shiny) - No.
    *   10: light (lots of light) - No.

    *   "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered..."
    *   This means the fact that more women are joining is a *promising* or *hopeful* sign for the future of bellringing.
    *   Sense 8: "full of promise", synonyms: "hopeful, promising". This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sign
Target surface form: sign
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright <t>sign</t> is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sign%1:24:00:: | definition=having an indicated pole (as the distinction between positive and negative electric charges) | synonyms=polarity | examples=he got the polarity of the battery reversed; charges of opposite sign
2. sense_key=sign%1:26:00:: | definition=(medicine) any objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease | examples=there were no signs of asphyxiation
3. sense_key=sign%1:15:00:: | definition=(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided | synonyms=sign of the zodiac, star sign, mansion, house, planetary house
4. sense_key=sign%1:10:05:: | definition=a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened) | synonyms=mark | examples=he showed signs of strain; they welcomed the signs of spring
5. sense_key=sign%1:10:03:: | definition=any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message | synonyms=signal, signaling | examples=signals from the boat suddenly stopped
6. sense_key=sign%1:06:01:: | definition=structure displaying a board on which advertisements can be posted | synonyms=signboard | examples=the highway was lined with signboards
7. sense_key=sign%1:10:04:: | definition=a character indicating a relation between quantities | examples=don't forget the minus sign
8. sense_key=sign%1:10:01:: | definition=a gesture that is part of a sign language
9. sense_key=sign%1:10:06:: | definition=a fundamental linguistic unit linking a signifier to that which is signified; --de Saussure | examples=The bond between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary
10. sense_key=sign%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come | synonyms=augury, foretoken, preindication | examples=he hoped it was an augury; it was a sign from God
11. sense_key=sign%1:10:00:: | definition=a public display of a message | examples=he posted signs in all the shop windows

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `sign`
    *   Target surface form: `sign`
    *   Context: "One bright <t>sign</t> is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field..."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "sign" refers to an indication or a positive signal that something is changing or improving (the increase in women bellringers is a positive indicator for the future of bellringing).

    *   1: Polarity (electric charges) - No.
    *   2: Medical evidence of disease - No.
    *   3: Astrology (zodiac) - No.
    *   4: A perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (visible clue) - Possible.
    *   5: Nonverbal action/gesture (signal) - No.
    *   6: Structure for advertisements (signboard) - No.
    *   7: Character indicating relation between quantities (math) - No.
    *   8: Gesture in sign language - No.
    *   9: Linguistic unit (Saussure) - No.
    *   10: An event experienced as indicating important things to come (augury, foretoken) - Possible.
    *   11: Public display of a message - No.

    *   Sense 4: "a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)"
    *   Sense 10: "an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come (augury, foretoken, preindication)"

    *   The sentence says "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered...". This is an indication of a trend or a positive development for the future of the field.
    *   Sense 4 is more general ("perceptible indication").
    *   Sense 10 is more about a "foretoken" or "augury" (something indicating what is to come).
    *   Comparing "signs of spring" (Sense 4) vs "sign from God" (Sense 10).
    *   "One bright sign" usually means a positive indicator or a glimmer of hope for the future.
    *   Let's look at Sense 4 again: "he showed signs of strain; they welcomed the signs of spring". "Signs of spring" are indicators that spring is coming.
    *   Let's look at Sense 10 again: "he hoped it was an augury; it was a sign from God". This feels more mystical or prophetic.
    *   The phrase "bright sign" in this context is a common idiom for a positive indicator of a trend. This fits Sense 4 better than the "augury/foretoken" of Sense 10, although they are close.
    *   Wait, "signs of spring" (Sense 4) is very similar to "a growing number of women have entered... [as a sign that the field is diversifying/surviving]".
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 4 vs Sense 10.
        *   Sense 4: perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent.
        *   Sense 10: event experienced as indicating important things to come.
    *   The increase in women is a fact (perceptible indication) that suggests the problem of lack of ringers might be solved (something not immediately apparent/future outcome).
    *   Actually, "signs of spring" is listed under Sense 4. "Signs of spring" are indicators that the season is changing. Similarly, the increase in women is an indicator that the demographic is changing.

    *   Sense 4: "a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)"
    *   Sense 10: "an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come"
    *   "One bright sign is that..." -> This is an indication of a positive trend.
    *   Is it an "augury" (Sense 10)? Not really. It's more of a "mark" or "indication" (Sense 4).

    *   Sense 4: "he showed signs of strain" (indication of internal state), "signs of spring" (indication of seasonal change).
    *   The "bright sign" here is an indication of a positive trend in the recruitment of bellringers. This aligns well with "signs of spring".

    *   Sense 4: Indication of something not immediately apparent.
    *   Sense 10: Event indicating important things to come.
    *   The "bright sign" is the *fact* that women are entering. This fact indicates that the field is evolving.
    *   Usually, "a sign" in the sense of "a good sign" or "a bright sign" maps to "indication".

    *   Sense 4: "a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent"
    *   Sense 10: "an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come"
    *   "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered..."
    *   This is a positive indicator. "Signs of spring" (Sense 4) is a very close parallel.

    *   Sense 4: indication, mark.
    *   Sense 10: augury, foretoken.
    *   "Bright sign" is an indication.

    *   Sense 4: "a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)"
    *   Sense 10: "an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come"
    *   The "bright sign" is the *fact* (the growing number of women), which is a perceptible indication that the situation is improving.

    *   Sense 4 is the most standard fit for "a good sign" or "a bright sign" when it refers to a positive indicator.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: number
Target surface form: number
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing <t>number</t> of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=number%1:10:05:: | definition=the grammatical category for the forms of nouns and pronouns and verbs that are used depending on the number of entities involved (singular or dual or plural) | examples=in English the subject and the verb must agree in number
2. sense_key=number%1:07:01:: | definition=a clothing measurement | examples=a number 13 shoe
3. sense_key=number%1:07:00:: | definition=the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals | synonyms=figure | examples=he had a number of chores to do; the number of parameters is small
4. sense_key=number%1:10:04:: | definition=a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program | synonyms=act, routine, turn, bit | examples=he did his act three times every evening; she had a catchy little routine
5. sense_key=number%1:10:03:: | definition=the number is used in calling a particular telephone | synonyms=phone number, telephone number | examples=he has an unlisted number
6. sense_key=number%1:23:00:: | definition=a concept of quantity involving zero and units | examples=every number has a unique position in the sequence
7. sense_key=number%1:10:02:: | definition=a numeral or string of numerals that is used for identification | synonyms=identification number | examples=she refused to give them her Social Security number
8. sense_key=number%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=issue | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
9. sense_key=number%1:14:00:: | definition=a select company of people | examples=I hope to become one of their number before I die
10. sense_key=number%1:10:01:: | definition=a symbol used to represent a number | synonyms=numeral | examples=he learned to write the numerals before he went to school
11. sense_key=number%1:06:00:: | definition=an item of merchandise offered for sale | examples=she preferred the black nylon number; this sweater is an all-wool number

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `number`
    *   Target surface form: `number`
    *   Context: "One bright sign is that a growing <t>number</t> of women have entered the once male-dominated field..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Grammatical category (singular/plural).
        2.  Clothing measurement.
        3.  Property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals (synonym: figure). Example: "he had a number of chores to do".
        4.  Short theatrical performance.
        5.  Telephone number.
        6.  Concept of quantity involving zero and units.
        7.  Numeral for identification (SSN).
        8.  Issue of a periodical.
        9.  A select company of people.
        10. Symbol used to represent a number (numeral).
        11. Item of merchandise.

    *   The phrase is "a growing number of women".
    *   This refers to the quantity or total count of women entering the field.
    *   It matches the definition "the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals".

    *   Sense 3: "the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals" (Example: "he had a number of chores to do"). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 6: "a concept of quantity involving zero and units". This is more about the mathematical concept of numbers in general.
    *   Sense 9: "a select company of people". While it refers to people, "a growing number of" is a standard quantifier phrase referring to quantity.

    *   The context "a growing number of women" indicates a quantity of individuals. Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of <t>women</t> have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `woman`
    *   Target surface form: `women`
    *   Context: "One bright sign is that a growing number of <t>women</t> have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `woman%1:18:00::`: an adult female person (as opposed to a man)
        2.  `woman%1:18:02::`: a human female employed to do housework
        3.  `woman%1:18:01::`: a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man
        4.  `woman%1:14:00::`: women as a class

    *   The sentence discusses people entering the field of bellringing.
    *   It contrasts "women" with a "male-dominated field."
    *   It mentions that "more than a third of the ringers today are women."
    *   This refers to adult female persons in general, not domestic workers, romantic partners, or the abstract concept of "womanhood" (though sense 4 is close, the context "a growing number of women" and "a third of the ringers" refers to individual adult female persons).

    *   Sense 1: "an adult female person (as opposed to a man)". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a human female employed to do housework". Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: "a female person who plays a significant role... in the life of a particular man". Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: "women as a class". While it talks about women as a group, the phrase "a growing number of women" and "a third of the ringers" refers to the count of individual adult female persons. Sense 1 is the standard meaning for "women" in this context.

    *   The context is about gender representation in a hobby/profession.
    *   "Women" here means adult female humans.
    *   Sense 1 is the most accurate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: enter
Target surface form: entered
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have <t>entered</t> the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=enter%2:38:00:: | definition=to come or go into | synonyms=come in, get into, get in, go into, go in, move into | examples=the boat entered an area of shallow marshes
2. sense_key=enter%2:42:00:: | definition=be or play a part of or in | synonyms=figure | examples=Elections figure prominently in every government program; How do the elections figure in the current pattern of internal politics?
3. sense_key=enter%2:41:06:: | definition=register formally as a participant or member | synonyms=enroll, inscribe, enrol, recruit | examples=The party recruited many new members
4. sense_key=enter%2:33:00:: | definition=become a participant; be involved in | synonyms=participate | examples=enter a race; enter an agreement
5. sense_key=enter%2:35:03:: | definition=put or introduce into something | synonyms=insert, infix, introduce | examples=insert a picture into the text
6. sense_key=enter%2:32:04:: | definition=make a record of; set down in permanent form | synonyms=record, put down
7. sense_key=enter%2:30:10:: | definition=set out on (an enterprise or subject of study) | synonyms=embark | examples=she embarked upon a new career
8. sense_key=enter%2:36:00:: | definition=come on stage
9. sense_key=enter%2:41:00:: | definition=take on duties or office | synonyms=accede | examples=accede to the throne

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `enter`
    *   Target surface form: `entered`
    *   Context: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have <t>entered</t> the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."
    *   Meaning: Women have started participating in or joining the field of bellringing.

    *   Sense 1: `to come or go into` (physical movement). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: `be or play a part of or in` (figure). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: `register formally as a participant or member` (enroll). Possible, but "field" isn't usually something you "register" for in a formal sense like a course or a club.
    *   Sense 4: `become a participant; be involved in` (participate). Possible.
    *   Sense 5: `put or introduce into something` (insert). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 6: `make a record of` (record). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 7: `set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)` (embark). "Entered the field" is very similar to "embarked upon a new career".
    *   Sense 8: `come on stage`. Not applicable.
    *   Sense 9: `take on duties or office` (accede). Not applicable.

    *   Sense 3 (enroll): Too formal/administrative.
    *   Sense 4 (participate): "Enter a race" or "enter an agreement". "Enter the field" can mean participate, but usually implies starting a career or a pursuit.
    *   Sense 7 (embark): "Set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)". "Entered the field" fits well here as it describes starting a pursuit or career path.

    *Wait, let's look at Sense 4 again:* "become a participant; be involved in".
    *Let's look at Sense 7 again:* "set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)".

    Comparing "entered the field" with "embarked upon a new career" (Sense 7) vs "enter a race" (Sense 4).
    "Entering a field" (like a professional field or a hobby/skill area) is most closely aligned with starting a career or a pursuit.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 3: "register formally as a participant or member". No.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 4: "become a participant; be involved in".
    Example: "enter a race".

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 7: "set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)".
    Example: "she embarked upon a new career".

    "The once male-dominated field" refers to the activity of bellringing. Women have started doing it. This is like starting a career or a pursuit.

    Actually, looking at common WordNet mappings for "enter a field/profession", it often maps to "embark" or "become a participant".

    Let's check Sense 4 again: "become a participant; be involved in".
    Let's check Sense 7 again: "set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)".

    "Entered the field" usually means they have started working in that area or practicing that skill. This aligns very well with "embark upon a new career" (Sense 7).

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 4's synonyms: "participate".
    Sense 7's synonyms: "embark".

    If I say "women have entered the field", I mean they have started to be part of that profession/activity.

    Let's look at Sense 4 examples: "enter a race; enter an agreement".
    Let's look at Sense 7 examples: "she embarked upon a new career".

    "The field" in this context is the profession/activity of bellringing. "Entered the field" is almost synonymous with "embarked on a career in...".

    Therefore, Sense 7 is the strongest fit.

    *Self-Correction:* Is it Sense 4? "Become a participant". If you enter a field, you become a participant in that field. But "embark" (Sense 7) specifically mentions "enterprise or subject of study" and "career", which fits "field" perfectly.

    Let's check if there's any other option.
    Sense 3: enroll. (No)
    Sense 4: participate. (Maybe)
    Sense 7: embark. (Stronger)

    Final check: "entered the once male-dominated field".
    Sense 7: "set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)".
    This fits the context of entering a professional or skilled field.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: once
Target surface form: once
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the <t>once</t> male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
2. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing
3. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "once"
    *   Target surface form: "once"
    *   Context: "...a growing number of women have entered the <t>once</t> male-dominated field..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `once%4:02:02::` (as soon as)
        2.  `once%4:02:01::` (at a previous time / formerly)
        3.  `once%4:02:00::` (on one occasion)

    *   The phrase is "the once male-dominated field".
    *   Here, "once" modifies "male-dominated field".
    *   It means the field *used to be* male-dominated, but it is no longer (or less so) now.
    *   This matches the meaning of "formerly" or "at a previous time".

    *   Sense 1: "as soon as" (conjunction) - Does not fit.
    *   Sense 2: "at a previous time" (adverb/adjective) - Fits perfectly ("formerly male-dominated").
    *   Sense 3: "on one occasion" (adverb) - Does not fit.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: field
Target surface form: field
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated <t>field</t>; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=field%1:09:01:: | definition=the area that is visible (as through an optical instrument) | synonyms=field of view
2. sense_key=field%1:14:02:: | definition=all the competitors in a particular contest or sporting event
3. sense_key=field%1:15:02:: | definition=a piece of land prepared for playing a game | synonyms=playing field, athletic field, playing area | examples=the home crowd cheered when Princeton took the field
4. sense_key=field%1:14:03:: | definition=(computer science) a set of one or more adjacent characters comprising a unit of information
5. sense_key=field%1:15:05:: | definition=a geographic region (land or sea) under which something valuable is found | examples=the diamond fields of South Africa
6. sense_key=field%1:17:00:: | definition=extensive tract of level open land | synonyms=plain, champaign | examples=they emerged from the woods onto a vast open plain; he longed for the fields of his youth
7. sense_key=field%1:15:01:: | definition=somewhere (away from a studio or office or library or laboratory) where practical work is done or data is collected | examples=anthropologists do much of their work in the field
8. sense_key=field%1:15:03:: | definition=a region in which active military operations are in progress | synonyms=field of operations, theater, theater of operations, theatre, theatre of operations | examples=the army was in the field awaiting action; he served in the Vietnam theater for three years
9. sense_key=field%1:06:00:: | definition=a place where planes take off and land | synonyms=airfield, landing field, flying field
10. sense_key=field%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular kind of commercial enterprise | synonyms=field of operation, line of business | examples=they are outstanding in their field
11. sense_key=field%1:19:00:: | definition=the space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it | synonyms=field of force, force field
12. sense_key=field%1:26:00:: | definition=a particular environment or walk of life | synonyms=sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena | examples=his social sphere is limited; it was a closed area of employment
13. sense_key=field%1:15:00:: | definition=a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed | examples=he planted a field of wheat
14. sense_key=field%1:15:04:: | definition=a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought | synonyms=battlefield, battleground, field of battle, field of honor | examples=they made a tour of Civil War battlefields
15. sense_key=field%1:09:00:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field of study, study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
16. sense_key=field%1:14:01:: | definition=all of the horses in a particular horse race
17. sense_key=field%1:14:00:: | definition=(mathematics) a set of elements such that addition and multiplication are commutative and associative and multiplication is distributive over addition and there are two elements 0 and 1 | examples=the set of all rational numbers is a field

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 12}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 12}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "field"
    *   Context: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated <t>field</t>; more than a third of the ringers today are women."
    *   The context discusses bellringing (ringers), the lack of people doing it, and the fact that women are now entering this activity/profession/pursuit.

    *   1: visible area (optical) - No.
    *   2: competitors in a contest - No.
    *   3: land for playing a game - No.
    *   4: computer science unit - No.
    *   5: geographic region for resources - No.
    *   6: extensive tract of level land - No.
    *   7: place where practical work is done (away from office) - No.
    *   8: military operations region - No.
    *   9: airfield - No.
    *   10: commercial enterprise/line of business - Maybe, but bellringing isn't necessarily a "commercial enterprise."
    *   11: electromagnetic oscillations - No.
    *   12: particular environment or walk of life (sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena) - This fits well. Bellringing is a "walk of life" or a specific "sphere" of activity.
    *   13: piece of land cleared of trees - No.
    *   14: battlefield - No.
    *   15: branch of knowledge (discipline, subject) - Bellringing is a skill/activity, not primarily a "branch of knowledge" or "academic discipline."
    *   16: horses in a race - No.
    *   17: mathematics set - No.

    *   Sense 10: "a particular kind of commercial enterprise" (line of business).
    *   Sense 12: "a particular environment or walk of life" (sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena).
    *   Sense 15: "a branch of knowledge" (discipline, subject).

    Bellringing is a pursuit, a hobby, or a vocation. It's not typically a "commercial enterprise" (though some might be paid, it's often voluntary in parishes). It's not a "branch of knowledge" (like physics or history). It is a "walk of life" or a "sphere" of activity.

    *   Sense 12: "a particular environment or walk of life" (synonyms: sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena).
    *   Example: "it was a closed area of employment".
    *   Context: "entered the once male-dominated field". This fits perfectly with "walk of life" or "sphere".

    *   Sense 10: "commercial enterprise" - Too narrow.
    *   Sense 15: "branch of knowledge" - Too academic.
    *   Sense 12: "walk of life" - Broad enough to cover a specialized activity like bellringing.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: third
Target surface form: third
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a <t>third</t> of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=third%1:04:00:: | definition=the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed near the third of the bases in the infield (counting counterclockwise from home plate) | synonyms=third base | examples=he is playing third
2. sense_key=third%1:06:00:: | definition=the third from the lowest forward ratio gear in the gear box of a motor vehicle | synonyms=third gear | examples=you shouldn't try to start in third gear
3. sense_key=third%1:23:00:: | definition=one of three equal parts of a divisible whole | synonyms=one-third, tierce | examples=it contains approximately a third of the minimum daily requirement
4. sense_key=third%1:06:01:: | definition=the base that must be touched third by a base runner in baseball | synonyms=third base | examples=he was cut down on a close play at third
5. sense_key=third%1:10:00:: | definition=the musical interval between one note and another three notes away from it | examples=a simple harmony written in major thirds
6. sense_key=third%1:24:00:: | definition=following the second position in an ordering or series | examples=a distant third; he answered the first question willingly, the second reluctantly, and the third with resentment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "third"
    *   Target surface form: "third"
    *   Context: "...more than a <t>third</t> of the ringers today are women."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Baseball fielding position (third base).
        2.  Motor vehicle gear (third gear).
        3.  One of three equal parts of a divisible whole (one-third).
        4.  Baseball base (third base).
        5.  Musical interval.
        6.  Following the second position in a series.

    *   The phrase is "more than a third of the ringers".
    *   This refers to a fraction or proportion of a group (the ringers).
    *   "A third" in this context means 1/3.

    *   Sense 1: Baseball position (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Gear (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: "one of three equal parts of a divisible whole" (Correct - matches "a third of the ringers")
    *   Sense 4: Baseball base (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Musical interval (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Position in a series (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 3 is the perfect fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the <t>ringers</t> today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
3. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg
4. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `ringer`
    *   Target surface form: `ringers`
    *   Context: The text discusses "trained bellringers in England", "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung", "program to attract and train ringers", and "more than a third of the ringers today are women."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `ringer%1:18:01::`: a person who is almost identical to another (dead ringer).
        2.  `ringer%1:18:00::`: a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses.
        3.  `ringer%1:04:00::`: (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe.
        4.  `ringer%1:18:02::`: a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation).

    *   The context explicitly mentions "trained bellringers", "bells need to be rung", and "church bells".
    *   Sense 4 specifically defines a ringer as "a person who rings church bells".

    *   Sense 1: Not about look-alikes.
    *   Sense 2: Not about competition fraud.
    *   Sense 3: Not about horseshoes.
    *   Sense 4: Matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: today
Target surface form: today
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers <t>today</t> are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?
2. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "today"
    *   Target surface form: "today"
    *   Context: "...more than a third of the ringers <t>today</t> are women."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `today%1:28:01::`: the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow).
        2.  `today%1:28:00::`: the present time or age.

    *   The sentence is: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."
    *   The context discusses long-term trends in bellringing (trained ringers in England, retention rates over five years, gender shifts in a "once male-dominated field").
    *   "Today" here refers to the current era or the present time, not specifically the 24-hour period of the current calendar day.

    *   Sense 1: Specific day (today vs. yesterday).
    *   Sense 2: Present time or age (the world of today).

    *   The usage "ringers today" clearly refers to the current era/age.

    *   Sense index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are <t>women</t>. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
3. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation
4. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `woman`
    *   Target surface form: `women`
    *   Context: "...a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `woman%1:18:02::`: a human female employed to do housework (charwoman).
        2.  `woman%1:18:00::`: an adult female person (as opposed to a man).
        3.  `woman%1:14:00::`: women as a class (womanhood).
        4.  `woman%1:18:01::`: a female person who plays a significant role (wife/mistress/girlfriend) in the life of a particular man.

    *   The sentence says "a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."
    *   This refers to adult female persons who are bellringers.
    *   It is contrasting "women" with "male-dominated field," which directly points to the biological/social category of adult female persons.

    *   Sense 1: Housework/cleaning. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Adult female person. (Correct - fits the context of people entering a field/profession).
    *   Sense 3: Women as a class/womanhood. (Incorrect - the sentence refers to the *number* of individual women who are ringers, not the abstract concept of womanhood).
    *   Sense 4: Romantic partner. (Incorrect)

    *   The target word "women" refers to the individuals who are bellringers. Sense 2 is the general definition of an adult female person.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: accept
Target surface form: accepted
Context:
One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not <t>accepted</t> everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=accept%2:40:01:: | definition=take on as one's own the expenses or debts of another person | synonyms=bear, take over, assume | examples=I'll accept the charges; She agreed to bear the responsibility
2. sense_key=accept%2:31:01:: | definition=react favorably to; consider right and proper | examples=People did not accept atonal music at that time; We accept the idea of universal health care
3. sense_key=accept%2:32:00:: | definition=give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to | synonyms=consent, go for | examples=I cannot accept your invitation; I go for this resolution
4. sense_key=accept%2:40:03:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=admit, take, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
5. sense_key=accept%2:42:00:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=take | examples=This surface will not take the dye
6. sense_key=accept%2:31:03:: | definition=tolerate or accommodate oneself to | synonyms=live with, swallow | examples=I shall have to accept these unpleasant working conditions; I swallowed the insult
7. sense_key=accept%2:31:00:: | definition=consider or hold as true | examples=I cannot accept the dogma of this church; accept an argument
8. sense_key=accept%2:40:07:: | definition=receive (a report) officially, as from a committee
9. sense_key=accept%2:31:08:: | definition=be sexually responsive to, used of a female domesticated mammal | examples=The cow accepted the bull
10. sense_key=accept%2:40:12:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=take | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
11. sense_key=accept%2:40:00:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=take, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `accept`
    *   Target surface form: `accepted`
    *   Context: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not <t>accepted</t> everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country... remains male-only..."
    *   Meaning: Women are entering the field of bell-ringing, but they are not welcomed or admitted into all the groups/societies (specifically the Ancient Society of College Youths).

    *   1: take on expenses/debts (Incorrect)
    *   2: react favorably to; consider right and proper (Possible, but more about ideas/music)
    *   3: give an affirmative reply to (Incorrect)
    *   4: admit into a group or community (Strong candidate: "admit into a group or community", synonyms: admit, take, take on. Example: "admit a new member")
    *   5: be designed to hold or take (Incorrect)
    *   6: tolerate or accommodate oneself to (Incorrect)
    *   7: consider or hold as true (Incorrect)
    *   8: receive (a report) officially (Incorrect)
    *   9: be sexually responsive to (Incorrect)
    *   10: make use of or accept for some purpose (Incorrect)
    *   11: receive willingly something given or offered (Incorrect)

    *   The context explicitly mentions women entering a "male-dominated field" and then mentions a specific "bell-ringing group" that "remains male-only".
    *   "They are not accepted everywhere" refers to women not being admitted into these groups/societies.
    *   Sense 4 ("admit into a group or community") fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 2 ("react favorably to; consider right and proper") is more about social acceptance of a concept or a style (e.g., "People did not accept atonal music"). While there is a social element here, the specific mention of a "male-only" group points directly to admission/membership.
    *   Sense 4 ("admit into a group or community") is the most precise fit for the context of being excluded from a society/group.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: however
Target surface form: however
Context:
One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, <t>however</t>. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever
2. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns
3. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
4. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "however"
    *   Target surface form: "however"
    *   Context: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, <t>however</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `however%4:02:01::`: in whatever way or manner (e.g., "Victory, however it was brought about...")
        2.  `however%4:02:02::`: to whatever degree or extent (e.g., "The results, however general, are important")
        3.  `however%4:02:04::`: by contrast; on the other hand (e.g., "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours")
        4.  `however%4:02:00::`: despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) (e.g., "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it")

    *   Sentence 1: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women." (Positive trend: women are entering the field).
    *   Sentence 2: "They are not accepted everywhere, <t>however</t>." (Contrast: despite the trend, there are still places where they aren't accepted).

    *   Sense 1 (in whatever way): Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 2 (to whatever degree): Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 3 (by contrast; on the other hand): Fits well. It contrasts the fact that women are entering the field with the fact that they aren't accepted everywhere.
    *   Sense 4 (despite anything to the contrary/nevertheless): This is very similar to Sense 3. Let's look closer.
        *   Sense 3: "by contrast; on the other hand" (often used as a conjunctive adverb to introduce a contrasting point).
        *   Sense 4: "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)" (often used as "nevertheless").

    *   "More than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however."
    *   This is a classic contrast between two statements.
    *   Example for Sense 3: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours" (Contrast between part 1 and part 2).
    *   Example for Sense 4: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it" (Concession: although I'm afraid -> Result: I'd like to try it).

    *   The context "They are not accepted everywhere, however" is contrasting the previous statement (women are entering the field) with a limitation (not accepted everywhere). This aligns perfectly with "by contrast; on the other hand".

    *   Sense 3: `however%4:02:04::` (by contrast; on the other hand)
    *   Sense 4: `however%4:02:00::` (despite anything to the contrary)

    In many dictionaries, "however" as a conjunctive adverb meaning "but" or "on the other hand" is the most common usage. Sense 3 specifically mentions "by contrast; on the other hand". Sense 4 mentions "usually following a concession". While there is a slight concession implied (women are entering, *but*...), it's more of a direct contrast between the general trend and specific exceptions.

    Let's re-read Sense 4: "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)".
    Let's re-read Sense 3: "by contrast; on the other hand".

    Example 3: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours"
    Example 4: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it"

    The target sentence "They are not accepted everywhere, however" mirrors Example 3's structure (Statement A; Statement B, however) more than Example 4's structure (Although A, however B).

    Therefore, Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell_ringing
Target surface form: bell-ringing
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest <t>bell-ringing</t> group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell_ringing%1:04:00:: | definition=playing a set of bells that are (usually) hung in a tower | synonyms=carillon, carillon playing
2. sense_key=bell_ringing%1:10:00:: | definition=persuasion of voters in a political campaign | synonyms=electioneering, canvassing
3. sense_key=bell_ringing%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of someone playing a set of bells

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bell_ringing`
    *   Target surface form: `bell-ringing`
    *   Context: The text discusses "ringers," "small, rural parishes," "inner-city churches," "training ringers," "male-dominated field," and specifically mentions "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths... the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
    *   Candidate Senses:
        1.  `bell_ringing%1:04:00::`: playing a set of bells that are (usually) hung in a tower (synonyms: carillon, carillon playing).
        2.  `bell_ringing%1:10:00::`: persuasion of voters in a political campaign (synonyms: electioneering, canvassing).
        3.  `bell_ringing%1:11:00::`: the sound of someone playing a set of bells.

    *   The context is clearly about the activity/art of ringing church bells (the people who do it are called "ringers," and it's associated with churches and cathedrals).
    *   Sense 1 refers to the activity/practice of playing bells in a tower.
    *   Sense 2 refers to political canvassing (completely irrelevant).
    *   Sense 3 refers to the *sound* of the bells.

    *   The phrase "The oldest bell-ringing group" refers to a group of people who practice the activity of ringing bells, not a group that is a "sound."
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 (the activity/playing) is the correct fit.

    *   Sense 1: playing a set of bells... (Correct)
    *   Sense 2: political campaign... (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: the sound... (Incorrect)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: group
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing <t>group</t> in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `group`
    *   Target surface form: `group`
    *   Context: "The oldest bell-ringing <t>group</t> in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `group%1:03:00::`: any number of entities (members) considered as a unit (synonym: grouping)
        2.  `group%1:27:00::`: (chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule (synonym: radical, chemical group)
        3.  `group%1:09:00::`: a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse (synonym: mathematical group)

    *   The context refers to "the Ancient Society of College Youths," which is described as a "bell-ringing group."
    *   This is a collection of people (ringers) who share a common interest or activity.
    *   Sense 1: "any number of entities (members) considered as a unit" fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Chemistry - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: Mathematics - Not applicable.

    *   Sense 1 is the only one that fits the context of a society or organization of people.