[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: climate
Target surface form: climate
Context:
The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top <t>climate</t> official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election
2. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `climate`
    *   Target surface form: `climate`
    *   Context: "...what the U.N.'s top <t>climate</t> official, Yvo de Boer, described as 'the big picture.'"
    *   Surrounding context: "regulate greenhouse gases", "global warming", "carbon output", "global temperature rise", "emissions".

    *   Sense 1: `climate%1:26:01::` | definition: the prevailing psychological state | synonyms: mood.
    *   Sense 2: `climate%1:26:00::` | definition: the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms: clime.

    *   The context is clearly about environmental issues, specifically global warming, greenhouse gases, and temperature rise.
    *   "U.N.'s top climate official" refers to someone dealing with the Earth's climate (weather patterns over time), not the psychological mood of the U.N.
    *   Sense 2 fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: Psychological state/mood. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Weather averaged over a long period. (Correct)


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: official
Target surface form: official
Context:
The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate <t>official</t>, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=official%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who administers the rules of a game or sport | examples=the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling
2. sense_key=official%1:18:01:: | definition=a worker who holds or is invested with an office | synonyms=functionary

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "official"
    *   Target surface form: "official"
    *   Context: "...what the U.N.'s top climate <t>official</t>, Yvo de Boer, described as 'the big picture.'"
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `official%1:18:00::`: someone who administers the rules of a game or sport.
        2.  `official%1:18:01::`: a worker who holds or is invested with an office (synonym: functionary).

    *   The context refers to "the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer".
    *   Yvo de Boer is a person working for the United Nations (U.N.), which is an international organization.
    *   He is not administering the rules of a game or sport.
    *   He is a worker/representative holding a position (office) within the U.N.

    *   Sense 1: Sports official. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Government/organizational official (functionary). (Correct)

    *   The best sense is index 2.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: picture
Target surface form: picture
Context:
The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big <t>picture</t>." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=picture%1:10:03:: | definition=a graphic or vivid verbal description | synonyms=word picture, word-painting, delineation, depiction, characterization, characterisation | examples=too often the narrative was interrupted by long word pictures; the author gives a depressing picture of life in Poland
2. sense_key=picture%1:06:00:: | definition=a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface | synonyms=image, icon, ikon | examples=they showed us the pictures of their wedding; a movie is a series of images projected so rapidly that the eye integrates them
3. sense_key=picture%1:10:01:: | definition=the visible part of a television transmission | synonyms=video | examples=they could still receive the sound but the picture was gone
4. sense_key=picture%1:06:02:: | definition=a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slide; recorded by a camera on light-sensitive material | synonyms=photograph, photo, exposure, pic
5. sense_key=picture%1:09:01:: | definition=a typical example of some state or quality | examples=the very picture of a modern general; she was the picture of despair
6. sense_key=picture%1:06:01:: | definition=graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface | synonyms=painting | examples=a small painting by Picasso; he bought the painting as an investment
7. sense_key=picture%1:10:00:: | definition=illustrations used to decorate or explain a text | synonyms=pictorial matter | examples=the dictionary had many pictures
8. sense_key=picture%1:26:00:: | definition=a situation treated as an observable object | synonyms=scene | examples=the political picture is favorable; the religious scene in England has changed in the last century
9. sense_key=picture%1:09:00:: | definition=a clear and telling mental image | synonyms=mental picture, impression | examples=he described his mental picture of his assailant; he had no clear picture of himself or his world
10. sense_key=picture%1:10:02:: | definition=a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement | synonyms=movie, film, moving picture, moving-picture show, motion picture, motion-picture show | examples=they went to a movie every Saturday night; the film was shot on location

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "picture"
    *   Context: "...boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as 'the big <t>picture</t>.'"
    *   Meaning: In this context, "the big picture" refers to the overall situation, the general overview, or the broad perspective of the negotiations, rather than the minute details.

    *   Sense 1: a graphic or vivid verbal description (e.g., "depressing picture of life in Poland").
    *   Sense 2: a visual representation produced on a surface (e.g., "pictures of their wedding").
    *   Sense 3: the visible part of a television transmission (video).
    *   Sense 4: a photograph/print.
    *   Sense 5: a typical example of some state or quality (e.g., "picture of despair").
    *   Sense 6: graphic art/painting.
    *   Sense 7: illustrations in a text.
    *   Sense 8: a situation treated as an observable object (synonym: scene; example: "the political picture is favorable").
    *   Sense 9: a clear and telling mental image (impression).
    *   Sense 10: a movie/film.

    *   The phrase "the big picture" is an idiom meaning the overall situation or perspective.
    *   Sense 8 ("a situation treated as an observable object") with the example "the political picture is favorable" aligns best with this usage. It describes the overall state of affairs or the general situation.
    *   Sense 1 ("graphic or vivid verbal description") is close, but "the big picture" usually refers to the situation itself, not just a description of it.
    *   Sense 9 ("mental image") is also close, but "the big picture" in a political/negotiation context usually refers to the overall strategic situation.

    *   "the big picture" = the overall situation.
    *   Sense 8: "a situation treated as an observable object" (synonym: scene). Example: "the political picture is favorable".
    *   This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: Verbal description.
    *   Sense 8: The situation itself.
    *   In "focus on... the big picture," they are focusing on the overall situation/framework of the deal, not just a description of it.

    *   Sense 8 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: outline
Target surface form: outlines
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the <t>outlines</t> for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=outline%1:15:00:: | definition=the line that appears to bound an object | synonyms=lineation
2. sense_key=outline%1:10:00:: | definition=a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory | synonyms=synopsis, abstract, precis
3. sense_key=outline%1:09:00:: | definition=a schematic or preliminary plan | synonyms=schema, scheme

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `outline`
    *   Target surface form: `outlines`
    *   Context: "It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `outline%1:15:00::`: the line that appears to bound an object (physical boundary).
        2.  `outline%1:10:00::`: a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory (synopsis, abstract).
        3.  `outline%1:09:00::`: a schematic or preliminary plan (schema, scheme).

    *   The text discusses a negotiation for a climate deal.
    *   A "six-page document" was created to focus on the "big picture."
    *   This document "shows the outlines for a possible deal."
    *   The "outlines" here refer to the basic structure, the framework, or the preliminary plan of the agreement (emissions cuts by 2020 and 2050).

    *   Sense 1 (physical boundary) is clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (sketchy summary of an argument/theory) is close, but a "deal" or "agreement" is more of a plan or a framework than an argument or theory.
    *   Sense 3 (schematic or preliminary plan) fits perfectly. A "possible deal" is a plan for future action. The document provides the framework/schema for that deal.

    *   Sense 2: "sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory" (synonyms: synopsis, abstract, precis).
    *   Sense 3: "a schematic or preliminary plan" (synonyms: schema, scheme).
    *   The context is about a "possible deal" (a plan for international cooperation on emissions). This aligns better with "preliminary plan" (Sense 3) than "summary of an argument" (Sense 2).

    *   The document "boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on... 'the big picture.'"
    *   It "shows the outlines for a possible deal."
    *   This is a framework or a preliminary plan for the final agreement.

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible <t>deal</t>, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
5. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
6. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
7. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
8. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "deal"
    *   Target surface form: "deal"
    *   Context: "It shows the outlines for a possible <t>deal</t>, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels..."
    *   Surrounding context: "negotiation", "U.N. ad-hoc working group", "agreement", "industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions".

    *   Sense 1: a particular instance of buying or selling (trade, business deal).
    *   Sense 2: a plank of softwood.
    *   Sense 3: a large number or amount or extent (a deal of trouble).
    *   Sense 4: the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement).
    *   Sense 5: an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each (bargain).
    *   Sense 6: wood that is easy to saw.
    *   Sense 7: the act of distributing playing cards.
    *   Sense 8: the cards held in a card game.
    *   Sense 9: the act of apportioning or distributing something.

    *   The context describes a negotiation between world leaders/nations regarding carbon emissions.
    *   The "deal" refers to the outcome of these negotiations—an agreement where nations commit to specific emission cuts.
    *   This matches Sense 5: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each".

    *   Sense 1 (buying/selling) is too narrow (this is a political/environmental agreement, not a commercial transaction).
    *   Sense 4 (treatment received) doesn't fit the "outlines for a possible deal" phrasing.
    *   Sense 5 (agreement between parties) fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: emission
Target surface form: emissions
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their <t>emissions</t> by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=emission%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)
2. sense_key=emission%1:22:01:: | definition=any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body | synonyms=discharge, expelling | examples=the discharge of pus
3. sense_key=emission%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of emitting; causing to flow forth | synonyms=emanation
4. sense_key=emission%1:22:00:: | definition=the release of electrons from parent atoms
5. sense_key=emission%1:27:00:: | definition=a substance that is emitted or released | synonyms=discharge

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `emission`
    *   Target surface form: `emissions`
    *   Context: "...industrial nations would collectively cut their <t>emissions</t> by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels... Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050."
    *   General topic: Climate change, carbon output, global warming, U.N. negotiations.

    *   Sense 1: `emission%1:11:00::` - flow of water (from a pipe). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: `emission%1:22:01::` - bodily processes (discharge of pus). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: `emission%1:04:00::` - the act of emitting; causing to flow forth. (This is the *process* of emitting).
    *   Sense 4: `emission%1:22:00::` - release of electrons. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: `emission%1:27:00::` - a substance that is emitted or released. (This refers to the *substance* itself, e.g., CO2).

    *   The text mentions "cut their carbon output" and "cut their emissions".
    *   "Carbon output" refers to the amount of carbon dioxide (a substance) released into the atmosphere.
    *   When countries "cut their emissions," they are reducing the *amount of substances* (greenhouse gases) they release.
    *   Sense 3 is the *act* of emitting.
    *   Sense 5 is the *substance* that is emitted.
    *   In the phrase "cut their emissions by 25 to 45 percent," "emissions" refers to the quantity of the substances being released.

    *   Sense 3: "the act of emitting" (the process).
    *   Sense 5: "a substance that is emitted or released" (the thing).
    *   Usually, in climate change contexts, "emissions" refers to the pollutants themselves (the substances). "Reducing emissions" means reducing the amount of the substance released.

    *   Sense 5: "a substance that is emitted or released" (synonym: discharge).
    *   This fits perfectly with "carbon output" and the context of greenhouse gases.

    *   Sense 3: "the act of emitting"
    *   Sense 5: "a substance that is emitted or released"
    *   If you cut the *act* of emitting, you are stopping the process. If you cut the *emissions*, you are reducing the amount of the substance. In environmental science, "emissions" almost always refers to the substances (CO2, methane, etc.).

    *   Sense 1: Water (No)
    *   Sense 2: Bodily (No)
    *   Sense 3: Act of emitting (Possible, but less precise than substance)
    *   Sense 4: Electrons (No)
    *   Sense 5: Substance emitted (Best fit)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: level
Target surface form: levels
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 <t>levels</t>, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?
2. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
3. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
4. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
5. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
6. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
7. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
8. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `level`
    *   Target surface form: `levels`
    *   Context: "...industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels..."
    *   Meaning: The amount of emissions in 1990.

    *   Sense 1: `level%1:06:01::` (floor/storey) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: `level%1:09:00::` (abstract place/layer/stratum) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: `level%1:06:00::` (spirit level tool) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: `level%1:07:00::` (position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality; degree, grade) - This fits well. "1990 levels" refers to the amount/quantity of emissions.
    *   Sense 5: `level%1:07:01::` (height above ground) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 6: `level%1:26:00::` (specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or process; stage, point) - This is more about a stage in a process (e.g., "at this level of the game").
    *   Sense 7: `level%1:26:01::` (relative position or degree of value in a graded group; grade, tier) - This is more about ranking (e.g., "entry-level position").
    *   Sense 8: `level%1:06:03::` (flat surface) - Incorrect.

    *   The context "1990 levels" refers to the *amount* of carbon emissions.
    *   Sense 4: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality". This matches "amount".

    *   Sense 4: `level%1:07:00::` (amount/degree)
    *   Sense 6: `level%1:26:00::` (stage/point)
    *   Sense 7: `level%1:26:01::` (grade/tier)
    *   Comparing "1990 levels" (amount of emissions) to Sense 4 ("position on a scale of... amount"), it's a perfect fit.

    *   The index for `level%1:07:00::` is 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: period
Target surface form: period
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same <t>period</t> by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=period%1:10:00:: | definition=a punctuation mark (.) placed at the end of a declarative sentence to indicate a full stop or after abbreviations | synonyms=point, full stop, stop, full point | examples=in England they call a period a stop
2. sense_key=period%1:28:03:: | definition=a unit of geological time during which a system of rocks formed | synonyms=geological period | examples=ganoid fishes swarmed during the earlier geological periods
3. sense_key=period%1:22:00:: | definition=the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause; ; --Hippocrates; --Aristotle | synonyms=menstruation, menses, menstruum, catamenia, flow | examples=the women were sickly and subject to excessive menstruation; a woman does not take the gout unless her menses be stopped
4. sense_key=period%1:28:02:: | definition=the interval taken to complete one cycle of a regularly repeating phenomenon
5. sense_key=period%1:28:00:: | definition=an amount of time | synonyms=time period, period of time | examples=a time period of 30 years; hastened the period of time of his recovery
6. sense_key=period%1:28:07:: | definition=(ice hockey) one of three divisions into which play is divided in hockey games
7. sense_key=period%1:28:04:: | definition=the end or completion of something | examples=death put a period to his endeavors; a change soon put a period to my tranquility

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "period"
    *   Target surface form: "period"
    *   Context: "...industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same <t>period</t> by 15 to 30 percent."

    *   The sentence discusses emissions cuts by 2020 compared with 1990 levels.
    *   "during the same period" refers to the time interval between 1990 and 2020.

    *   Sense 1: Punctuation mark (.). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Geological time unit. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Menstruation. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Interval of a repeating phenomenon (cycle). (Incorrect - this is not a repeating cycle like a pendulum or a heartbeat).
    *   Sense 5: An amount of time. (Correct - "the same period" refers to the time span from 1990 to 2020).
    *   Sense 6: Ice hockey division. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: The end or completion of something. (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 5 ("an amount of time") fits perfectly. The context refers to a specific duration of time (1990 to 2020).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the <t>countries</t> would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `country`
    *   Target surface form: `countries`
    *   Context: "Together, the <t>countries</t> would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses U.N. negotiations, rich countries, poor ones, developed and major emerging economies, industrial nations, and major developing countries. It's about international agreements to cut carbon emissions.

    *   Sense 1: `country%1:14:00::` - a politically organized body of people under a single government (state, nation).
    *   Sense 2: `country%1:15:00::` - the territory occupied by a nation (state, land).
    *   Sense 3: `country%1:14:01::` - the people who live in a nation or country (nation, land).
    *   Sense 4: `country%1:15:02::` - a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (area).
    *   Sense 5: `country%1:15:01::` - an area outside of cities and towns (rural area).

    *   The sentence "Together, the countries would cut emissions..." refers to the entities (industrial nations and major developing countries) that are negotiating and agreeing to take action (cutting emissions).
    *   Cutting emissions is a policy action taken by a government/state.
    *   Sense 1 (politically organized body/state) fits best because it refers to the political entity capable of making and implementing international agreements.
    *   Sense 2 (territory) is less likely because territories don't "cut emissions"; the governments managing them do.
    *   Sense 3 (the people) is possible, but "countries" in the context of U.N. negotiations almost always refers to the states/governments.
    *   Sense 4 (geographical region) and Sense 5 (rural area) are clearly incorrect.

    *   Sense 1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" (Synonyms: state, nation).
    *   Example: "African nations".
    *   This aligns perfectly with "industrial nations" and "major developing countries" mentioned earlier in the text.

    *   The target word "countries" refers to the political entities (states/nations) involved in the U.N. climate agreement. This matches Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: emission
Target surface form: emissions
Context:
Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut <t>emissions</t> between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=emission%1:27:00:: | definition=a substance that is emitted or released | synonyms=discharge
2. sense_key=emission%1:22:01:: | definition=any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body | synonyms=discharge, expelling | examples=the discharge of pus
3. sense_key=emission%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)
4. sense_key=emission%1:22:00:: | definition=the release of electrons from parent atoms
5. sense_key=emission%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of emitting; causing to flow forth | synonyms=emanation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `emission`
    *   Target surface form: `emissions`
    *   Context: "...industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020... Together, the countries would cut <t>emissions</t> between 50 and 95 percent by 2050."
    *   Topic: Climate change, carbon output, global warming, U.N. negotiations.

    *   Sense 1: `a substance that is emitted or released` (synonym: discharge).
    *   Sense 2: `any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body` (synonym: discharge, expelling).
    *   Sense 3: `the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)`.
    *   Sense 4: `the release of electrons from parent atoms`.
    *   Sense 5: `the act of emitting; causing to flow forth` (synonym: emanation).

    *   The context refers to "carbon output" and "cutting emissions" in the context of global warming and climate change.
    *   "Emissions" here refers to the greenhouse gases (substances) being released into the atmosphere.
    *   Sense 1 ("a substance that is emitted or released") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 5 ("the act of emitting") refers to the process, but in the phrase "cut their emissions," it usually refers to the amount of the substance released. However, let's double-check.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 5:
        *   Sense 1: The substance itself (e.g., CO2).
        *   Sense 5: The act of releasing.
        *   In "cut their emissions," it refers to the quantity of the substances released. In environmental contexts, "emissions" almost always refers to the pollutants/gases themselves (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: substance emitted (discharge).
    *   Sense 2: bodily process. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: flow of water. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: release of electrons. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: act of emitting. (Less precise than Sense 1 for "carbon emissions").

    *   The context mentions "carbon output" and "cut their emissions." This refers to the pollutants (substances) being released. Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: year
Context:
And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a <t>year</t> over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `year`
    *   Target surface form: `year`
    *   Context: "...pledging to provide $3.6 billion a <t>year</t> over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `year%1:28:01::`: a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days (twelvemonth, yr).
        2.  `year%1:14:00::`: a body of students who graduate together (class).
        3.  `year%1:28:00::`: the period of time that it takes for a planet to make a complete revolution around the sun.
        4.  `year%1:28:02::`: a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year used for some particular activity (e.g., school year).

    *   The phrase is "$3.6 billion a year over the next three years".
    *   This refers to an annual amount of money.
    *   "A year" here means every 12-month period (365/366 days).

    *   Sense 1: 365/366 days. (Fits perfectly).
    *   Sense 2: Students graduating together. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 3: Planetary revolution. (Too technical/astronomical for this context).
    *   Sense 4: Part of a calendar year (like a school year). (Incorrect).

    *   The most appropriate sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three <t>years</t> to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
2. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
3. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `year`
    *   Target surface form: `years`
    *   Context: "...pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three <t>years</t> to help poorer countries adapt..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Astronomical period (planet revolution around sun).
        2.  Calendar period of 365/366 days.
        3.  Specific part of a calendar year for an activity (e.g., school year).
        4.  A group of students graduating together (class).

    *   The phrase is "over the next three years".
    *   This refers to a duration of time consisting of three calendar years.
    *   It is not referring to the astronomical definition (sense 1), a specific activity-based year like a school year (sense 3), or a graduating class (sense 4).
    *   It fits the standard definition of a period of 365/366 days (sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: Planet revolution. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: 365/366 days. (Correct)
    *   Sense 3: Regular part of a calendar year for activity. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Graduating class. (Incorrect)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer <t>countries</t> adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
2. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country
3. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
4. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `country`
    *   Target surface form: `countries`
    *   Context: "...pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer <t>countries</t> adapt to the impact of climate change..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `country%1:14:01`: the people who live in a nation or country (nation, land)
        2.  `country%1:15:02`: a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (area)
        3.  `country%1:15:00`: the territory occupied by a nation (state, land)
        4.  `country%1:14:00`: a politically organized body of people under a single government (state, nation, land, commonwealth)
        5.  `country%1:15:01`: an area outside of cities and towns (rural area)

    *   The sentence discusses financial aid provided by the European Union to "poorer countries" to help them adapt to climate change.
    *   "Poorer countries" refers to sovereign states or political entities that are economically disadvantaged.
    *   The context involves international negotiations, policymakers, industrial nations, and developing countries.

    *   Sense 1 (people): Not about the people themselves, but the entities receiving aid.
    *   Sense 2 (geographical region): Too vague; "poorer countries" refers to political entities, not just regions.
    *   Sense 3 (territory): While countries have territory, the aid is given to the political entity (the government/state) to implement changes.
    *   Sense 4 (politically organized body): This fits best. "Poorer countries" refers to the sovereign states/nations as political entities.
    *   Sense 5 (rural area): Definitely not.

    *   Sense 4: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" (synonyms: state, nation). This is the standard meaning when talking about "developing countries," "industrial nations," or "poorer countries" in a geopolitical/economic context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: impact
Target surface form: impact
Context:
And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the <t>impact</t> of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=impact%1:11:00:: | definition=the striking of one body against another
2. sense_key=impact%1:04:00:: | definition=influencing strongly | synonyms=impingement, encroachment | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture
3. sense_key=impact%1:19:00:: | definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | synonyms=wallop | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking; the book packs a wallop
4. sense_key=impact%1:04:01:: | definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | synonyms=shock | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `impact`
    *   Target surface form: `impact`
    *   Context: "...to help poorer countries adapt to the <t>impact</t> of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation."

    *   Sense 1: `the striking of one body against another` (Physical collision)
    *   Sense 2: `influencing strongly` (Impingement, encroachment)
    *   Sense 3: `a forceful consequence; a strong effect` (Wallop, effect)
    *   Sense 4: `the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat` (Shock of battle)

    *   The phrase is "the impact of climate change".
    *   Climate change doesn't physically "strike" a body in the sense of a collision (Sense 1).
    *   It's not about "impingement" or "encroachment" in the sense of infringing on rights or values (Sense 2).
    *   It's not about combat or battle (Sense 4).
    *   It refers to the *consequences* or *effects* of climate change (e.g., flood, drought, deforestation). This aligns perfectly with Sense 3 ("a forceful consequence; a strong effect").

    *   Sense 3: "a forceful consequence; a strong effect".
    *   Example: "the book had an important impact on my thinking".
    *   Context: "adapt to the impact of climate change".
    *   This is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: flood
Target surface form: flood
Context:
And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with <t>flood</t> and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=flood%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of incoming water (between a low tide and the following high tide);  -Shakespeare | synonyms=flood tide, rising tide | examples=a tide in the affairs of men which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune
2. sense_key=flood%1:19:00:: | definition=the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land | synonyms=inundation, deluge, alluvion | examples=plains fertilized by annual inundations
3. sense_key=flood%1:23:00:: | definition=an overwhelming number or amount | synonyms=inundation, deluge, torrent | examples=a flood of requests; a torrent of abuse
4. sense_key=flood%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of flooding; filling to overflowing | synonyms=flowage
5. sense_key=flood%1:06:00:: | definition=light that is a source of artificial illumination having a broad beam; used in photography | synonyms=floodlight, flood lamp, photoflood
6. sense_key=flood%1:04:01:: | definition=a large flow | synonyms=overflow, outpouring

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `flood`
    *   Target surface form: `flood`
    *   Context: "...to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with <t>flood</t> and drought to avoiding deforestation."

    *   Sense 1: `flood%1:11:00::` - incoming water between low and high tide (tide).
    *   Sense 2: `flood%1:19:00::` - rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land (natural disaster/inundation).
    *   Sense 3: `flood%1:23:00::` - an overwhelming number or amount (metaphorical, e.g., "flood of requests").
    *   Sense 4: `flood%1:04:00::` - the act of flooding; filling to overflowing.
    *   Sense 5: `flood%1:06:00::` - artificial illumination (floodlight).
    *   Sense 6: `flood%1:04:01::` - a large flow.

    *   The context mentions "impact of climate change," "coping with <t>flood</t> and drought," and "avoiding deforestation."
    *   "Flood" is paired with "drought," which is a natural disaster related to water scarcity.
    *   Therefore, "flood" here refers to the natural disaster of overflowing water (inundation).

    *   Sense 2: "the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land" (synonyms: inundation, deluge). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 1 is about tides.
    *   Sense 3 is metaphorical.
    *   Sense 4 is the act of flooding.
    *   Sense 5 is about lights.
    *   Sense 6 is a general large flow.

    *   The best fit is Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: drought
Target surface form: drought
Context:
And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and <t>drought</t> to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=drought%1:28:00:: | definition=a prolonged shortage | synonyms=drouth | examples=when England defeated Pakistan it ended a ten-year drought
2. sense_key=drought%1:26:00:: | definition=a shortage of rainfall | synonyms=drouth | examples=farmers most affected by the drought hope that there may yet be sufficient rain early in the growing season

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `drought`
    *   Target surface form: `drought`
    *   Context: "...help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and <t>drought</t> to avoiding deforestation."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `drought%1:28:00::`: a prolonged shortage (e.g., "ten-year drought" in sports).
        2.  `drought%1:26:00::`: a shortage of rainfall (e.g., "farmers most affected by the drought").

    *   The sentence discusses "climate change," "flood," and "deforestation."
    *   "Flood" and "drought" are paired here as environmental/climatic disasters.
    *   This clearly refers to the meteorological phenomenon of lack of rain, not a metaphorical shortage (like a sports drought).

    *   Sense 1: Prolonged shortage (general/metaphorical).
    *   Sense 2: Shortage of rainfall (meteorological).

    *   Sense 2 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sort
Target surface form: sort
Context:
It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same <t>sort</t> of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sort%1:22:00:: | definition=an operation that segregates items into groups according to a specified criterion | synonyms=sorting | examples=the bottleneck in mail delivery is the process of sorting
2. sense_key=sort%1:07:00:: | definition=an approximate definition or example | examples=she wore a sort of magenta dress; she served a creamy sort of dessert thing
3. sense_key=sort%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a particular character or nature | examples=what sort of person is he?; he's a good sort
4. sense_key=sort%1:09:00:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, form, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `sort`
    *   Target surface form: `sort`
    *   Context: "Still, Friday featured the same <t>sort</t> of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `sort%1:22:00::`: an operation that segregates items into groups (sorting).
        2.  `sort%1:07:00::`: an approximate definition or example (e.g., "sort of magenta").
        3.  `sort%1:18:00::`: a person of a particular character or nature (e.g., "he's a good sort").
        4.  `sort%1:09:00::`: a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality (synonyms: kind, form, variety).

    *   The phrase is "the same sort of verbal fireworks".
    *   "Verbal fireworks" refers to a type of behavior or event (heated arguments/rhetoric).
    *   "The same sort of" here means "the same kind of" or "the same category of".

    *   Sense 1: Operation of segregating items. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Approximate definition (hedging). (Incorrect - "sort of magenta" is different from "the same sort of [noun]").
    *   Sense 3: A person of a particular character. (Incorrect - "verbal fireworks" are not people).
    *   Sense 4: A category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality. (Correct - "sort of verbal fireworks" = "kind of verbal fireworks").

    *   Sense 4 matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past <t>week</t>. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `week`
    *   Target surface form: `week`
    *   Context: "...Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past <t>week</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `week%1:28:00::`: any period of seven consecutive days.
        2.  `week%1:28:02::`: a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday (calendar week).
        3.  `week%1:28:01::`: hours or days of work in a calendar week (workweek).

    *   The sentence says "the talks for the past week".
    *   This refers to a duration of time (seven days) leading up to the current point (Friday).
    *   It does not specifically refer to a calendar week starting on Sunday (Sense 2).
    *   It does not refer to a "workweek" (Sense 3), although the talks might have happened during workdays, the phrase "the past week" typically denotes a general seven-day period.

    *   Sense 1: "any period of seven consecutive days" - Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday" - Too specific; there's no indication it started on a Sunday.
    *   Sense 3: "hours or days of work in a calendar week" - Not referring to a work schedule.

    *   The phrase "for the past week" is a standard way to refer to the previous seven days. This aligns with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: climate
Target surface form: climate
Context:
Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special <t>climate</t> envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election
2. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `climate`
    *   Target surface form: `climate`
    *   Context: "U.S. special <t>climate</t> envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `climate%1:26:01::`: the prevailing psychological state (mood)
        2.  `climate%1:26:00::`: the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time (clime)

    *   The sentence mentions "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern", "greenhouse-gas emissions", "industrialized countries", and "climate change" (earlier in the text).
    *   The context is clearly about environmental issues, global warming, and atmospheric conditions over time.

    *   Sense 1 (psychological state/mood) does not fit.
    *   Sense 2 (weather averaged over a long period) fits the context of "climate change" and "greenhouse-gas emissions".

    *   The target word "climate" in "climate envoy" refers to the environmental/atmospheric sense.
    *   Sense 2 is the correct match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: envoy
Target surface form: envoy
Context:
Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate <t>envoy</t> Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=envoy%1:18:01:: | definition=someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else | synonyms=emissary
2. sense_key=envoy%1:18:00:: | definition=a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador | synonyms=envoy extraordinary, minister plenipotentiary
3. sense_key=envoy%1:10:00:: | definition=a brief stanza concluding certain forms of poetry | synonyms=envoi

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `envoy`
    *   Target surface form: `envoy`
    *   Context: "U.S. special climate <t>envoy</t> Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `envoy%1:18:01::`: someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else (synonym: emissary)
        2.  `envoy%1:18:00::`: a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador (synonym: envoy extraordinary, minister plenipotentiary)
        3.  `envoy%1:10:00::`: a brief stanza concluding certain forms of poetry (synonym: envoi)

    *   The context refers to "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern".
    *   Todd Stern is representing the U.S. government in climate negotiations.
    *   This is clearly a person acting as a representative/diplomat.

    *   Sense 3 (poetry) is completely irrelevant.
    *   Sense 2 refers to a specific diplomatic rank (less authority than an ambassador).
    *   Sense 1 refers to someone sent on a mission to represent interests (emissary).

    *   "Special envoy" is a common term for a person appointed by a head of state or an international organization to represent them on a specific issue (like climate change).
    *   While a special envoy is a diplomat, the term "special envoy" fits the general definition of "someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else" (Sense 1) better than the specific diplomatic rank described in Sense 2 (which refers to the historical "envoy extraordinary" rank).
    *   In modern usage, "special envoy" is an appointment for a specific mission, aligning perfectly with "someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else".

    *   Sense 1: General representative/emissary.
    *   Sense 2: Specific diplomatic rank.
    *   Todd Stern's role as "special climate envoy" is a mission-specific representative role.

    *   Sense 1 is the most accurate fit for "special envoy".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cut
Target surface form: cuts
Context:
Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding <t>cuts</t> of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cut%1:10:04:: | definition=a distinct selection of music from a recording or a compact disc | synonyms=track | examples=he played the first cut on the cd; the title track of the album
2. sense_key=cut%1:10:00:: | definition=(film) an immediate transition from one shot to the next | examples=the cut from the accident scene to the hospital seemed too abrupt
3. sense_key=cut%1:13:00:: | definition=a piece of meat that has been cut from an animal carcass | synonyms=cut of meat
4. sense_key=cut%1:04:09:: | definition=the division of a deck of cards before dealing | synonyms=cutting | examples=he insisted that we give him the last cut before every deal; the cutting of the cards soon became a ritual
5. sense_key=cut%1:06:00:: | definition=a trench resembling a furrow that was made by erosion or excavation | synonyms=gash
6. sense_key=cut%1:26:00:: | definition=a wound made by cutting | synonyms=gash, slash, slice | examples=he put a bandage over the cut
7. sense_key=cut%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of penetrating or opening open with a sharp edge | synonyms=cutting | examples=his cut in the lining revealed the hidden jewels
8. sense_key=cut%1:04:06:: | definition=an unexcused absence from class | examples=he was punished for taking too many cuts in his math class
9. sense_key=cut%1:04:07:: | definition=in baseball; a batter's attempt to hit a pitched ball | synonyms=baseball swing, swing | examples=he took a vicious cut at the ball
10. sense_key=cut%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of shortening something by chopping off the ends | synonyms=cutting, cutting off | examples=the barber gave him a good cut
11. sense_key=cut%1:10:02:: | definition=a remark capable of wounding mentally | synonyms=stinger | examples=the unkindest cut of all
12. sense_key=cut%1:09:00:: | definition=the style in which a garment is cut | examples=a dress of traditional cut
13. sense_key=cut%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of cutting something into parts | synonyms=cutting | examples=his cuts were skillful; his cutting of the cake made a terrible mess
14. sense_key=cut%1:04:03:: | definition=a refusal to recognize someone you know | synonyms=snub, cold shoulder | examples=the snub was clearly intentional
15. sense_key=cut%1:26:01:: | definition=a step on some scale | examples=he is a cut above the rest
16. sense_key=cut%1:21:00:: | definition=a share of the profits | examples=everyone got a cut of the earnings
17. sense_key=cut%1:10:01:: | definition=the omission that is made when an editorial change shortens a written passage | synonyms=deletion, excision | examples=an editor's deletions frequently upset young authors; both parties agreed on the excision of the proposed clause
18. sense_key=cut%1:04:08:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts reverse spin on the ball | synonyms=undercut | examples=cuts do not bother a good tennis player
19. sense_key=cut%1:04:05:: | definition=the act of reducing the amount or number | examples=the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget
20. sense_key=cut%1:06:01:: | definition=a canal made by erosion or excavation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 19}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 19}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cut`
    *   Target surface form: `cuts`
    *   Context: "...U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding <t>cuts</t> of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries..."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "cuts" refers to the reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions.

    *   1: music track (Incorrect)
    *   2: film transition (Incorrect)
    *   3: piece of meat (Incorrect)
    *   4: deck of cards division (Incorrect)
    *   5: trench/furrow (Incorrect)
    *   6: wound (Incorrect)
    *   7: act of penetrating (Incorrect)
    *   8: unexcused absence (Incorrect)
    *   9: baseball swing (Incorrect)
    *   10: shortening by chopping ends (Incorrect)
    *   11: wounding remark (Incorrect)
    *   12: garment style (Incorrect)
    *   13: cutting into parts (Incorrect)
    *   14: snub (Incorrect)
    *   15: step on a scale (Incorrect)
    *   16: share of profits (Incorrect)
    *   17: editorial omission (Incorrect)
    *   18: sports stroke (Incorrect)
    *   19: the act of reducing the amount or number (Example: "the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget") (Correct)
    *   20: canal (Incorrect)

    *   The context is about reducing emissions ("cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent").
    *   Sense 19 specifically defines "cut" as "the act of reducing the amount or number" and gives a budget example, which is analogous to reducing emissions.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: emission
Target surface form: emissions
Context:
Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas <t>emissions</t> for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=emission%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)
2. sense_key=emission%1:22:00:: | definition=the release of electrons from parent atoms
3. sense_key=emission%1:27:00:: | definition=a substance that is emitted or released | synonyms=discharge
4. sense_key=emission%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of emitting; causing to flow forth | synonyms=emanation
5. sense_key=emission%1:22:01:: | definition=any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body | synonyms=discharge, expelling | examples=the discharge of pus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `emission`
    *   Target surface form: `emissions`
    *   Context: "...binding cuts of greenhouse-gas <t>emissions</t> for industrialized countries..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `emission%1:11:00::`: flow of water (from a pipe).
        2.  `emission%1:22:00::`: release of electrons from parent atoms.
        3.  `emission%1:27:00::`: a substance that is emitted or released (synonym: discharge).
        4.  `emission%1:04:00::`: the act of emitting; causing to flow forth (synonym: emanation).
        5.  `emission%1:22:01::`: bodily processes by which substances go out of the body.

    *   The context refers to "greenhouse-gas emissions".
    *   Greenhouse gases (like CO2, methane) are substances released into the atmosphere.
    *   The text discusses "cutting emissions," which refers to reducing the amount of these substances released.

    *   Sense 1 (water flow) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (electrons) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3 (substance emitted/released) - Correct. Greenhouse gases are substances released into the air.
    *   Sense 4 (the act of emitting) - This is the *process* of emitting. While "cutting emissions" can sometimes be interpreted as cutting the *act* of emitting, in the context of "greenhouse-gas emissions," it almost always refers to the substances themselves (the pollutants).
    *   Sense 5 (bodily processes) - Incorrect.

    *   Sense 3: "a substance that is emitted or released"
    *   Sense 4: "the act of emitting; causing to flow forth"
    *   In "greenhouse-gas emissions," "emissions" functions as a mass noun or plural count noun referring to the gases themselves. Sense 3 fits "substance" perfectly.

    *   The target is "emissions" (plural).
    *   Sense 3: "a substance that is emitted or released".
    *   Sense 4: "the act of emitting".
    *   Usually, "carbon emissions" or "greenhouse gas emissions" refers to the gases (the substances).

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.