[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: future
Target surface form: future
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the <t>future</t>. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=future%1:06:00:: | definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date
2. sense_key=future%1:28:00:: | definition=the time yet to come | synonyms=hereafter, futurity, time to come
3. sense_key=future%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future | synonyms=future tense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "future"
    *   Target surface form: "future"
    *   Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes... An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the <t>future</t>. Already, scientists are developing tests..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `future%1:06:00::` (bulk commodities/finance)
        2.  `future%1:28:00::` (the time yet to come)
        3.  `future%1:10:00::` (verb tense)

    *   The sentence is "That is for the <t>future</t>."
    *   The preceding sentence mentions "new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."
    *   The following sentence says "Already, scientists are developing tests..."
    *   The contrast is between "already" (present) and "the future" (the time yet to come).

    *   Sense 1 (commodities) is irrelevant.
    *   Sense 3 (verb tense) is irrelevant.
    *   Sense 2 (the time yet to come) fits perfectly.

    *   The target word "future" refers to the time yet to come.
    *   Sense index: 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: developing
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are <t>developing</t> tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
2. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
4. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
5. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
7. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
8. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
12. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
13. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
15. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
16. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
17. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
18. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form
20. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
21. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 21}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 21}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `develop`
    *   Target surface form: `developing`
    *   Context: "Already, scientists are <t>developing</t> tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."

    *   The scientists are creating/making "tests" based on genetic information.
    *   These tests are new tools/products for medical diagnosis.

    *   1: elaborate theories/hypotheses (Not quite, these are tests, not theories).
    *   2: strategic position (Chess/War - No).
    *   3: grow emotionally (No).
    *   4: create by training/teaching (No).
    *   5: strategic position (Chess - No).
    *   6: grow/progress/evolve (Natural growth - No).
    *   7: happen (No).
    *   8: generate gradually (customers/markets - No).
    *   9: gain through experience (No).
    *   10: be disclosed/unfolded (No).
    *   11: change use of land/resources (No).
    *   12: come to have physical features (No).
    *   13: come into existence (No).
    *   14: musical idea (No).
    *   15: cause to grow (natural development - No).
    *   16: become technologically advanced (No).
    *   17: geometry (No).
    *   18: chemical solutions (film - No).
    *   19: series expansion (math - No).
    *   20: work out (theory - No).
    *   21: make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation (Example: "developed a new kind of building material", "developed a new technique").

    *   Sense 21: "make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation".
    *   Creating a medical test fits perfectly under "making something new" or a "product/technique".

    *   Sense 1 (elaborate theories) is close, but a test is more of a tool/product than a theory.
    *   Sense 20 (work out/evolve theory) is also close, but again, a test is a practical application/product.
    *   Sense 21 specifically mentions "new kind of building material" and "new technique", which aligns well with "developing tests".

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: base
Target surface form: based
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests <t>based</t> on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=base%2:34:00:: | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base
2. sense_key=base%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation
3. sense_key=base%2:42:04:: | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `base`
    *   Target surface form: `based`
    *   Context: "...scientists are developing tests <t>based</t> on the newly identified genes..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `base%2:34:00::` (drug use - cocaine)
        2.  `base%2:31:00::` (use as a basis for; found on)
        3.  `base%2:42:04::` (situate as a center of operations)

    *   The sentence is: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes..."
    *   Here, "based on" means the tests are derived from or use the newly identified genes as their foundation/basis.

    *   Sense 1: Cocaine use. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: "use as a basis for; found on". Example: "base a claim on some observation". (Correct - the tests are based on the genes).
    *   Sense 3: "situate as a center of operations". Example: "base this project in the new lab". (Incorrect - this refers to physical location).

    *   Sense 2 is the perfect fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: identify
Target surface form: identified
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly <t>identified</t> genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=identify%2:31:00:: | definition=recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something | synonyms=place | examples=She identified the man on the 'wanted' poster
2. sense_key=identify%2:31:04:: | definition=consider (oneself) as similar to somebody else | examples=He identified with the refugees
3. sense_key=identify%2:31:03:: | definition=conceive of as united or associated | examples=Sex activity is closely identified with the hypothalamus
4. sense_key=identify%2:31:02:: | definition=consider to be equal or the same | examples=He identified his brother as one of the fugitives
5. sense_key=identify%2:31:01:: | definition=identify as in botany or biology, for example | synonyms=discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe, name
6. sense_key=identify%2:32:00:: | definition=give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property | synonyms=name | examples=Many senators were named in connection with the scandal; The almanac identifies the auspicious months

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `identify`
    *   Target surface form: `identified`
    *   Context: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly <t>identified</t> genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."
    *   Surrounding context: Medical scientists uncovering genes, discovery of genes, emerging understanding of genes.

    *   Sense 1: recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something (e.g., identifying a man on a poster).
    *   Sense 2: consider (oneself) as similar to somebody else (e.g., identify with refugees).
    *   Sense 3: conceive of as united or associated (e.g., sex activity identified with hypothalamus).
    *   Sense 4: consider to be equal or the same (e.g., identified his brother as a fugitive).
    *   Sense 5: identify as in botany or biology, for example (synonyms: discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe, name).
    *   Sense 6: give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name (e.g., senators named in a scandal).

    *   The context is about medical scientists discovering specific genes related to cancer.
    *   "Newly identified genes" means genes that have been discovered or characterized in a biological/medical context.
    *   Sense 5 specifically mentions "identify as in botany or biology" and lists "discover" as a synonym. This fits perfectly with the context of scientists uncovering genes.

    *   Sense 1 is more about recognition of a known entity.
    *   Sense 6 is more about naming or listing.
    *   Sense 5 is the specialized biological/scientific sense of discovering and characterizing a species or gene.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: first
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the <t>first</t> time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%5:00:02:opening:00 | definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
2. sense_key=first%3:00:03:: | definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section
3. sense_key=first%5:00:01:opening:00 | definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse
4. sense_key=first%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
5. sense_key=first%5:00:00:best:00 | definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
6. sense_key=first%3:00:00:: | definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "first"
    *   Target surface form: "first"
    *   Context: "...scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the <t>first</t> time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."

    *   Sense 1: `serving to set in motion` (inaugural, initiative). Example: "inaugural issue".
    *   Sense 2: `highest in pitch or chief among parts` (first soprano).
    *   Sense 3: `serving to begin` (beginning). Example: "first verse".
    *   Sense 4: `indicating the beginning unit in a series` (1st).
    *   Sense 5: `ranking above all others` (foremost, world-class). Example: "first in her class".
    *   Sense 6: `preceding all others in time or space or degree`. Example: "the first house on the right; the first day of spring".

    *   The phrase is "for the first time".
    *   This refers to an event happening now that has never happened before.
    *   It describes a point in time that precedes all subsequent occurrences of the same event.

    *   Sense 1 (inaugural) doesn't fit "for the first time".
    *   Sense 2 (pitch/chief) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 3 (serving to begin) usually refers to the start of a structured work (like a poem or verse).
    *   Sense 4 (ordinal/1st) is often used for items in a list or sequence.
    *   Sense 5 (best/foremost) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 6 (preceding all others in time or space or degree) fits perfectly. "The first time" means the occurrence that precedes all others in time.

    *   Sense 6: "preceding all others in time or space or degree".
    *   Example: "the first day of spring".
    *   Context: "for the first time" (the occurrence preceding all others in time).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first <t>time</t>, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
2. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
3. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
4. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
5. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
6. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
7. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
8. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
9. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years
10. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "time"
    *   Target surface form: "time"
    *   Context: "...scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first <t>time</t>, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."

    *   1: Clock time (e.g., "What time is it?").
    *   2: Rhythm/meter (e.g., music).
    *   3: An instance or single occasion for some event (e.g., "this time he succeeded", "four times").
    *   4: The continuum of experience (past, present, future).
    *   5: An indefinite period (e.g., "a long time").
    *   6: Fourth dimension.
    *   7: A suitable moment (e.g., "time to go").
    *   8: Resource under control (e.g., "didn't have time").
    *   9: Prison term.
    *   10: Person's experience on a particular occasion (e.g., "had a good time").

    *   The phrase is "for the first time".
    *   "For the first time" means that this event (predicting cancer) has happened once before now, or rather, this is the initial instance of it happening.
    *   This matches the definition of "an instance or single occasion for some event" (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 3: "an instance or single occasion for some event" (Example: "this time he succeeded"). "For the first time" fits perfectly here as it refers to the first instance of the event occurring.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: otherwise
Target surface form: otherwise
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an <t>otherwise</t> healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=otherwise%4:02:01:: | definition=in other respects or ways | examples=he is otherwise normal; the funds are not otherwise available
2. sense_key=otherwise%4:02:03:: | definition=in another and different manner | synonyms=differently, other than | examples=very soon you will know differently; she thought otherwise

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "otherwise"
    *   Target surface form: "otherwise"
    *   Context: "...can predict whether an <t>otherwise</t> healthy individual is likely to get cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `otherwise%4:02:01::` | definition: "in other respects or ways" | examples: "he is otherwise normal; the funds are not otherwise available"
        2.  `otherwise%4:02:03::` | definition: "in another and different manner" | synonyms: "differently, other than" | examples: "very soon you will know differently; she thought otherwise"

    *   The phrase is "an otherwise healthy individual".
    *   This means the individual is healthy in all other respects, except for the potential genetic predisposition to cancer being discussed.
    *   Comparing this to the candidate senses:
        *   Sense 1: "in other respects or ways" (Example: "he is otherwise normal"). This fits perfectly. The person is healthy in other respects.
        *   Sense 2: "in another and different manner" (Example: "she thought otherwise"). This refers to a different way of thinking or acting, which does not fit here.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: healthy
Target surface form: healthy
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise <t>healthy</t> individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:reasonable:00 | definition=exercising or showing good judgment | synonyms=intelligent, levelheaded, sound | examples=healthy scepticism; a healthy fear of rattlesnakes
2. sense_key=healthy%3:00:00:: | definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby; staying fit and healthy
3. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:wholesome:00 | definition=promoting health; healthful; ; ; ; ; - C.B.Davis | synonyms=salubrious, good for you | examples=a healthy diet; clean healthy air
4. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
5. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:considerable:00 | definition=large in amount or extent or degree | synonyms=goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, sizable, sizeable | examples=it cost a considerable amount; a goodly amount

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "healthy"
    *   Target surface form: "healthy"
    *   Context: "...predict whether an otherwise <t>healthy</t> individual is likely to get cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `healthy%5:00:00:reasonable:00`: exercising or showing good judgment (e.g., healthy scepticism).
        2.  `healthy%3:00:00::`: having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease (e.g., a rosy healthy baby).
        3.  `healthy%5:00:00:wholesome:00`: promoting health; healthful (e.g., a healthy diet).
        4.  `healthy%5:00:00:sound:00`: financially secure and functioning well (e.g., a healthy economy).
        5.  `healthy%5:00:00:considerable:00`: large in amount or extent or degree (e.g., a healthy amount).

    *   The sentence is: "...predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."
    *   The word "healthy" describes an "individual" in the context of medical tests for cancer.
    *   In this context, "healthy" means the person is not currently sick or does not have a disease (specifically cancer).

    *   Sense 1 (reasonable): Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2 (free from infirmity or disease): Fits perfectly. An individual who is free from disease.
    *   Sense 3 (promoting health): Not applicable. An individual doesn't "promote health" in this sense; they *possess* health.
    *   Sense 4 (financially secure): Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5 (considerable): Not applicable.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: individual
Target surface form: individual
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy <t>individual</t> is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=individual%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. sense_key=individual%1:18:00:: | definition=a single organism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `individual`
    *   Target surface form: `individual`
    *   Context: "...can predict whether an otherwise healthy <t>individual</t> is likely to get cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `individual%1:03:00::`: a human being (synonyms: person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul)
        2.  `individual%1:18:00::`: a single organism

    *   The context discusses medical scientists, genes, cancer, and tests to predict if a "healthy individual" is likely to get cancer.
    *   The context specifically mentions "cancer treatment and prevention" and "Johns Hopkins University researcher," implying human medical research.
    *   "Healthy individual" in this context refers to a human person.

    *   Sense 1: "a human being"
    *   Sense 2: "a single organism"
    *   While a human is a single organism, Sense 1 is more specific and fits the medical/human context perfectly. In medical contexts, "individual" almost always refers to a human patient or subject.

    *   Sense 1 is the most precise fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: likely
Target surface form: likely
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is <t>likely</t> to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=likely%3:00:04:: | definition=likely but not certain to be or become true or real | synonyms=probable | examples=a likely result; he foresaw a probable loss
2. sense_key=likely%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | synonyms=potential | examples=potential clients
3. sense_key=likely%3:00:00:: | definition=has a good chance of being the case or of coming about | examples=these services are likely to be available to us all before long; she is likely to forget
4. sense_key=likely%5:00:00:credible:00 | definition=within the realm of credibility | examples=not a very likely excuse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `likely`
    *   Target surface form: `likely`
    *   Context: "...can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is <t>likely</t> to get cancer."

    *   Sense 1: `likely but not certain to be or become true or real` (synonym: probable). Example: "a likely result". (Adjective describing a result/outcome).
    *   Sense 2: `expected to become or be; in prospect` (synonym: potential). Example: "potential clients". (Adjective describing a person/thing that might become something).
    *   Sense 3: `has a good chance of being the case or of coming about`. Example: "these services are likely to be available to us all before long; she is likely to forget". (Predicative adjective used with "be likely to [verb]").
    *   Sense 4: `within the realm of credibility`. Example: "not a very likely excuse". (Plausible).

    *   The phrase is "...is <t>likely</t> to get cancer."
    *   This matches the pattern "be likely to [verb]" perfectly.
    *   Sense 3 specifically provides examples like "these services are likely to be available" and "she is likely to forget", which mirror the structure "individual is likely to get cancer".
    *   Sense 1 is more about the *result* being probable.
    *   Sense 2 is about being a *prospective* candidate (e.g., "a likely candidate").
    *   Sense 4 is about *plausibility* (e.g., "a likely story").

    *   The context describes the probability of an event (getting cancer) happening to a person.
    *   Sense 3: "has a good chance of being the case or of coming about". This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: get
Target surface form: get
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to <t>get</t> cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=get%2:31:10:: | definition=be a mystery or bewildering to | synonyms=perplex, vex, stick, puzzle, mystify, baffle | examples=This beats me!; Got me--I don't know the answer!
2. sense_key=get%2:38:12:: | definition=reach and board | examples=She got the bus just as it was leaving
3. sense_key=get%2:38:15:: | definition=leave immediately; used usually in the imperative form | synonyms=scram, buzz off, fuck off, bugger off | examples=Scram!
4. sense_key=get%2:40:01:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
5. sense_key=get%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
6. sense_key=get%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=become, go | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
7. sense_key=get%2:40:00:: | definition=come into the possession of something concrete or abstract | synonyms=acquire | examples=She got a lot of paintings from her uncle; They acquired a new pet
8. sense_key=get%2:35:09:: | definition=succeed in catching or seizing, especially after a chase | synonyms=catch, capture | examples=We finally got the suspect; Did you catch the thief?
9. sense_key=get%2:30:03:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, find, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
10. sense_key=get%2:39:13:: | definition=perceive by hearing | synonyms=catch | examples=I didn't catch your name; She didn't get his name when they met the first time
11. sense_key=get%2:40:13:: | definition=purchase | examples=What did you get at the toy store?
12. sense_key=get%2:39:14:: | definition=receive as a retribution or punishment | synonyms=receive | examples=He got 5 years in prison
13. sense_key=get%2:37:12:: | definition=irritate | synonyms=get under one's skin | examples=Her childish behavior really get to me; His lying really gets me
14. sense_key=get%2:35:10:: | definition=reach with a blow or hit in a particular spot | synonyms=catch | examples=the rock caught her in the back of the head; The blow got him in the back
15. sense_key=get%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, come | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
16. sense_key=get%2:35:03:: | definition=go or come after and bring or take back | synonyms=bring, convey, fetch | examples=Get me those books over there, please; Could you bring the wine?
17. sense_key=get%2:30:12:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, start out, start, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
18. sense_key=get%2:31:09:: | definition=grasp with the mind or develop an understanding of | synonyms=catch | examples=did you catch that allusion?; We caught something of his theory in the lecture
19. sense_key=get%2:40:14:: | definition=acquire as a result of some effort or action | examples=You cannot get water out of a stone; Where did she get these news?
20. sense_key=get%2:31:03:: | definition=reach by calculation | examples=What do you get when you add up these numbers?
21. sense_key=get%2:33:00:: | definition=take vengeance on or get even | synonyms=pay back, pay off, fix | examples=We'll get them!; That'll fix him good!
22. sense_key=get%2:35:00:: | definition=attract and fix | synonyms=catch, arrest | examples=His look caught her; She caught his eye
23. sense_key=get%2:30:02:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=let, have | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
24. sense_key=get%2:37:11:: | definition=evoke an emotional response | examples=Brahms's `Requiem' gets me every time
25. sense_key=get%2:39:09:: | definition=suffer from the receipt of | synonyms=catch | examples=She will catch hell for this behavior!
26. sense_key=get%2:32:08:: | definition=move into a desired direction of discourse | synonyms=drive, aim | examples=What are you driving at?
27. sense_key=get%2:36:00:: | definition=earn or achieve a base by being walked by the pitcher | synonyms=draw | examples=He drew a base on balls
28. sense_key=get%2:35:12:: | definition=overcome or destroy | examples=The ice storm got my hibiscus; the cat got the goldfish
29. sense_key=get%2:29:01:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, develop, produce, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
30. sense_key=get%2:30:01:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=make | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
31. sense_key=get%2:29:00:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, take | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia
32. sense_key=get%2:29:11:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, have | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
33. sense_key=get%2:29:08:: | definition=make children | synonyms=beget, engender, father, mother, sire, generate | examples=Abraham begot Isaac; Men often father children but don't recognize them
34. sense_key=get%2:32:03:: | definition=communicate with a place or person; establish communication with, as if by telephone | examples=Bill called this number and he got Mary; The operator couldn't get Kobe because of the earthquake
35. sense_key=get%2:36:14:: | definition=apprehend and reproduce accurately | synonyms=catch | examples=She really caught the spirit of the place in her drawings; She got the mood just right in her photographs
36. sense_key=get%2:39:00:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, have | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 31}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 31}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `get`
    *   Target surface form: `get`
    *   Context: "...predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to <t>get</t> cancer."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "get cancer" means to contract or develop the disease.

    *   1: be a mystery (No)
    *   2: reach and board (No)
    *   3: leave immediately (No)
    *   4: achieve a point or goal (No)
    *   5: cause to do (No)
    *   6: enter or assume a certain state or condition (Maybe, but too general)
    *   7: come into possession of something (No)
    *   8: succeed in catching or seizing (No)
    *   9: receive a specified treatment (No)
    *   10: perceive by hearing (No)
    *   11: purchase (No)
    *   12: receive as retribution (No)
    *   13: irritate (No)
    *   14: reach with a blow (No)
    *   15: reach a destination (No)
    *   16: go and bring back (No)
    *   17: take the first step (No)
    *   18: grasp with the mind (No)
    *   19: acquire as a result of effort (No)
    *   20: reach by calculation (No)
    *   21: take vengeance (No)
    *   22: attract and fix (No)
    *   23: cause to move (No)
    *   24: evoke emotional response (No)
    *   25: suffer from the receipt of (e.g., "catch hell") (No)
    *   26: move into desired direction of discourse (No)
    *   27: earn a base (No)
    *   28: overcome or destroy (No)
    *   29: come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) - Example: "The patient developed abdominal pains" (Close, but let's check others)
    *   30: give certain properties to something (No)
    *   31: be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness - Synonyms: contract, take - Example: "He got AIDS" (Perfect match)
    *   32: undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) - Synonyms: suffer, sustain, have - Example: "She suffered a fracture" (Close, but 31 is more specific to contracting the illness)
    *   33: make children (No)
    *   34: communicate with (No)
    *   35: apprehend and reproduce accurately (No)
    *   36: go through (mental or physical states) (No)

    *   Sense 29: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" - Example: "The patient developed abdominal pains".
    *   Sense 31: "be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness" - Synonyms: contract, take - Example: "He got AIDS".
    *   Sense 32: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)" - Synonyms: suffer, sustain, have - Example: "She suffered a fracture".

    "Get cancer" is most accurately described as being stricken by or contracting an illness. Sense 31 specifically mentions "be stricken by an illness" and gives the example "He got AIDS", which is structurally and semantically identical to "get cancer".

    *   Sense 31: "be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness"
    *   Context: "predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."
    *   Match: High.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get <t>cancer</t>. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: The text discusses medical scientists, genes, chaotic growth of cells, cancer treatment, prevention, and colon cancer.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Zodiacal constellation.
        2.  Astrological person born in Cancer.
        3.  Malignant growth/tumor caused by abnormal cell division.
        4.  Fourth sign of the zodiac.
        5.  Genus of the family Cancridae (crabs).

    *   The context is clearly medical/biological: "Medical scientists", "genes", "growth of cells", "treatment and prevention", "colon cancer".
    *   Sense 3 ("any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division") fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: Constellation (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Astrology person (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Malignant growth (Correct)
    *   Sense 4: Zodiac sign (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Genus of crabs (Incorrect)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: set
Target surface form: set
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting <t>set</t> of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer. "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=set%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization | synonyms=hardening, solidifying, solidification, curing | examples=the hardening of concrete; he tested the set of the glue
2. sense_key=set%1:18:00:: | definition=evil Egyptian god with the head of a beast that has high square ears and a long snout; brother and murderer of Osiris | synonyms=Seth
3. sense_key=set%1:11:00:: | definition=the descent of a heavenly body below the horizon | examples=before the set of sun
4. sense_key=set%1:09:01:: | definition=a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way | synonyms=bent | examples=the set of his mind was obvious
5. sense_key=set%1:06:00:: | definition=representation consisting of the scenery and other properties used to identify the location of a dramatic production | synonyms=stage set | examples=the sets were meticulously authentic
6. sense_key=set%1:06:01:: | definition=any electronic equipment that receives or transmits radio or tv signals | examples=the early sets ran on storage batteries
7. sense_key=set%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used | examples=a set of books; a set of golf clubs
8. sense_key=set%1:14:02:: | definition=(mathematics) an abstract collection of numbers or symbols | examples=the set of prime numbers is infinite
9. sense_key=set%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting something in position | examples=he gave a final set to his hat
10. sense_key=set%1:09:00:: | definition=(psychology) being temporarily ready to respond in a particular way | synonyms=readiness | examples=the subjects' set led them to solve problems the familiar way and to overlook the simpler solution; his instructions deliberately gave them the wrong set
11. sense_key=set%1:04:00:: | definition=several exercises intended to be done in series | synonyms=exercise set | examples=he did four sets of the incline bench press
12. sense_key=set%1:14:01:: | definition=an unofficial association of people or groups | synonyms=circle, band, lot | examples=the smart set goes there; they were an angry lot
13. sense_key=set%1:28:00:: | definition=a unit of play in tennis or squash | examples=they played two sets of tennis after dinner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `set`
    *   Target surface form: `set`
    *   Context: "It's a super-exciting <t>set</t> of discoveries," says Bert Vogelstein...
    *   Target phrase: "set of discoveries"

    *   1: process of becoming hard (hardening) - No.
    *   2: Egyptian god - No.
    *   3: descent of a heavenly body (sunset) - No.
    *   4: permanent inclination (bent) - No.
    *   5: scenery for a play (stage set) - No.
    *   6: electronic equipment (radio/TV) - No.
    *   7: a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used (e.g., set of books, set of golf clubs) - Yes, "set of discoveries" fits this description of a group of related things.
    *   8: (mathematics) abstract collection of numbers/symbols - No.
    *   9: act of putting something in position - No.
    *   10: (psychology) readiness to respond - No.
    *   11: several exercises in series - No.
    *   12: unofficial association of people (circle, band) - No.
    *   13: unit of play in tennis/squash - No.

    *   The phrase "set of discoveries" refers to a group of related scientific findings.
    *   Sense 7 ("a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used") is the most appropriate general meaning for a collection of items (in this case, discoveries).

    *   Sense 7: "a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used"
    *   Example: "a set of books"
    *   Context: "set of discoveries"
    *   This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discoveries
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of <t>discoveries</t>, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer. "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `discovery`
    *   Target surface form: `discoveries`
    *   Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes... Scientists say the discovery of these genes... 'It's a super-exciting set of <t>discoveries</t>', says Bert Vogelstein..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  (law) compulsory pretrial disclosure...
        2.  something that is discovered
        3.  a productive insight (synonyms: breakthrough, find)
        4.  the act of discovering something (synonyms: find, uncovering)

    *   The context describes scientists uncovering genes related to cancer.
    *   The specific sentence is: "It's a super-exciting set of <t>discoveries</t>".
    *   The "discoveries" refer to the genes themselves (the things discovered) or the breakthroughs resulting from finding them.
    *   Let's compare sense 2, 3, and 4.
        *   Sense 2: "something that is discovered" (The genes themselves).
        *   Sense 3: "a productive insight" (The breakthrough/find).
        *   Sense 4: "the act of discovering something" (The process).

    *   "a super-exciting set of discoveries"
    *   In this context, "discoveries" refers to the specific findings (the genes and the knowledge about them).
    *   Sense 3 ("a productive insight", synonyms: "breakthrough", "find") fits well because these are scientific breakthroughs.
    *   Sense 2 ("something that is discovered") is very general.
    *   Sense 4 ("the act of discovering") refers to the process, but "a set of discoveries" usually refers to the results/findings rather than the acts of finding.

    *   Sense 3: "a productive insight" / "breakthrough" / "find".
    *   Sense 2: "something that is discovered".
    *   In scientific contexts, "a discovery" often means the breakthrough itself (Sense 3).
    *   Looking at the sentence "Scientists say the discovery of these genes... is painting a new and startling picture", this "discovery" (singular) could be the act (Sense 4) or the result (Sense 2/3).
    *   However, "a super-exciting set of discoveries" strongly suggests the results/breakthroughs.
    *   Between 2 and 3: "Something that is discovered" (2) is the object. "A productive insight/breakthrough" (3) is the significance of the find.
    *   Usually, in these WSD tasks, "breakthrough" (Sense 3) is preferred for scientific discoveries that advance knowledge.

    *   Sense 2: something that is discovered.
    *   Sense 3: a productive insight (breakthrough, find).
    *   Sense 4: the act of discovering something.
    *   The text says "uncover a handful of genes... the discovery of these genes... a super-exciting set of discoveries".
    *   The "discoveries" are the genes/findings.
    *   Is a gene a "productive insight"? No, the *finding* of the gene is the insight/breakthrough.
    *   Is a gene "something that is discovered"? Yes.
    *   Is the "set of discoveries" the set of things discovered (the genes) or the set of breakthroughs?
    *   In common usage, "scientific discoveries" refers to the breakthroughs (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 3 synonyms: breakthrough, find.
    *   Sense 4 synonyms: find, uncovering.
    *   Sense 2 has no synonyms listed.
    *   "A set of discoveries" = "A set of breakthroughs". This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: Law (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Something discovered (Possible, but generic)
    *   Sense 3: Productive insight/breakthrough (Strong fit for scientific context)
    *   Sense 4: Act of discovering (Less likely for "a set of discoveries")

    *   The context emphasizes the impact: "painting a new and startling picture", "produce an array of new strategies", "super-exciting". This points toward "breakthrough" (Sense 3) rather than just "something that was found" (Sense 2).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "<t>says</t> Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer. "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
2. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
3. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
4. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
5. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
8. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
9. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
10. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `say`
    *   Target surface form: `says`
    *   Context: `"It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "<t>says</t> Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher...`
    *   The word "says" is used here to attribute a direct quote to a person (Bert Vogelstein).

    *   1: express a supposition (e.g., "Let us say...") - No.
    *   2: give instructions/direct (e.g., "I said to him to go home") - No.
    *   3: have/contain certain wording (e.g., "What does the law say?") - No.
    *   4: recite/repeat fixed text (e.g., "Say grace") - No.
    *   5: state as opinion/judgment; declare (e.g., "I say let's forget this") - Close, but usually implies a proposal or strong declaration.
    *   6: speak/pronounce in a certain way (e.g., "pronounces French words") - No.
    *   7: utter aloud (e.g., "She said 'Hello'") - This is for short utterances or greetings.
    *   8: report or maintain (e.g., "He alleged that...") - This is for reporting a claim or allegation.
    *   9: express in words (e.g., "He said that he wanted to marry her") - This is the general sense of stating something or telling.
    *   10: communicate nonverbally (e.g., "What does this painting say?") - No.
    *   11: indicate (e.g., "The clock says noon") - No.

    *   The context is a direct quote: `"It's a super-exciting set of discoveries," says Bert Vogelstein`.
    *   Sense 9: "express in words" (synonyms: state, tell). Example: "He said that he wanted to marry her". This is the most general sense of communicating information via speech.
    *   Sense 8: "report or maintain" (synonyms: allege, aver). This is more about making a claim that might be disputed.
    *   Sense 7: "utter aloud". Usually used for the act of speaking a specific word or phrase (e.g., "said 'Hello'").
    *   Sense 5: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare". This is often used for suggestions or strong assertions.

    In journalistic writing, "says" used to attribute a quote is the most basic form of "express in words" or "state". Sense 9 is the most general and fitting for attributing a statement.

    *   Sense 9: express in words (state, tell).
    *   Sense 8: report or maintain (allege, aver).
    *   Sense 7: utter aloud.

    Comparing "He said that he wanted to marry her" (Sense 9) with `"It's a super-exciting set of discoveries," says Bert Vogelstein`, both are basic expressions of communication. Sense 9 is the standard choice for attributing speech.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 9 again: "express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her".
    And Sense 8: "report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime".
    And Sense 7: "utter aloud | examples=She said 'Hello' to everyone".

    The quote is a statement of fact/opinion about the discoveries. Sense 9 is the most neutral and comprehensive for "stating" something.

    Let's double-check if there's a better one.
    Sense 5: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare".
    Sense 9: "express in words".

    Usually, in these datasets, the general "state/tell" sense (Sense 9) is used for attribution of quotes.

    *   Sense 9: express in words (state, tell).
    *   Sense 8: report or maintain (allege, aver).
    *   Sense 7: utter aloud.

    The sentence is: `"It's a super-exciting set of discoveries," says Bert Vogelstein`.
    This is a direct report of his words. Sense 9 fits best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: found
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just <t>found</t> a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer. "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
2. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
3. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
4. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
5. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself
6. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
7. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
8. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
9. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
10. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
11. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
12. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
13. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
16. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `find`
    *   Target surface form: `found`
    *   Context: "...Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just <t>found</t> a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer."
    *   Meaning: The researcher discovered a specific gene.

    *   1: discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of (detect, observe, discover, notice). Example: "found traces of lead in the paint".
    *   2: perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place.
    *   3: succeed in reaching; arrive at.
    *   4: come to believe on the basis of emotion... (feel).
    *   5: accept and make use of one's personality... (find oneself).
    *   6: make a discovery (discover). Example: "found that he had lied to her".
    *   7: make a discovery, make a new finding (discover). Example: "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle".
    *   8: perceive or be contemporaneous with (witness, see).
    *   9: establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (determine, find out, ascertain). Example: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize".
    *   10: decide on and make a declaration about (rule).
    *   11: get something or somebody for a specific purpose.
    *   12: obtain through effort or management.
    *   13: come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost.
    *   14: get or find back; recover the use of.
    *   15: come upon, as if by accident; meet with.
    *   16: receive a specified treatment (abstract).

    *   The context is scientific research.
    *   The researcher "found a gene".
    *   This is a scientific discovery.
    *   Sense 1: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of".
    *   Sense 6: "make a discovery" (often used for facts/information: "found that...").
    *   Sense 7: "make a discovery, make a new finding" (often used for physical entities/particles: "found a new elementary particle").
    *   Sense 9: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" (determine, find out, ascertain). Example: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize".

    *   Sense 1: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of". Example: "found traces of lead in the paint".
    *   Sense 7: "make a discovery, make a new finding". Example: "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle".
    *   Sense 9: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study". Example: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize".

    Wait, let's look closer at Sense 7 and Sense 9.
    Sense 7: "make a discovery, make a new finding". Example: "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle".
    Sense 9: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study". Example: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize".

    Actually, looking at the examples:
    Sense 7: "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle"
    Sense 9: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize"

    These are very similar. Let's re-read the definitions.
    Sense 7: "make a discovery, make a new finding"
    Sense 9: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study"

    In the context "found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer", the researcher used scientific investigation to establish the existence/role of the gene.

    Let's check Sense 1 again: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of". Example: "found traces of lead in the paint".

    Comparing Sense 7 and Sense 9 again:
    Sense 7 is "make a discovery".
    Sense 9 is "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study".

    Usually, in these WordNet-based tasks, "finding a particle" or "finding a gene" in a scientific context fits the "establish after investigation" (Sense 9) or "make a discovery" (Sense 7).

    Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 7: "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle"
    Sense 9: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize"

    Wait, if both have "particle" examples, what's the difference?
    Sense 7: "make a discovery, make a new finding"
    Sense 9: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study"

    Actually, Sense 9 emphasizes the *process* (calculation, investigation, etc.). Sense 7 is more general "make a discovery".

    Let's look at the context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover... discovery of these genes... newly identified genes... researcher who has just found a gene".

    The context uses "uncover", "discovery", and "identified". This strongly points to the scientific discovery sense.

    Is it Sense 7 or Sense 9?
    Sense 7: "make a discovery, make a new finding"
    Sense 9: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study"

    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of".

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 7 vs Sense 9.
    Sense 7: "make a discovery, make a new finding"
    Sense 9: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study"

    In many WordNet versions, "find" in the sense of scientific discovery is often mapped to "determine" or "ascertain" (Sense 9).

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 7: "Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle".
    Let's look at the examples for Sense 9: "find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize".

    Wait, "found a new elementary particle" (Sense 7) and "found the elusive particle" (Sense 9). This is confusing.

    Let's look at the definitions again.
    Sense 7: "make a discovery, make a new finding"
    Sense 9: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study"

    "Found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer" sounds like a discovery of a new finding (Sense 7) or establishing a fact through investigation (Sense 9).

    Let's look at Sense 1: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of". Example: "found traces of lead in the paint".

    If I have to choose the *best* one:
    The context is about scientific research ("Medical scientists", "discovery of these genes", "newly identified genes").
    Sense 7: "make a discovery, make a new finding"
    Sense 9: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study"

    Looking at the examples again:
    Sense 7: "Roentgen discovered X-rays"
    Sense 9: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize"

    Actually, "found a gene" is very similar to "found a particle".
    Let's try to see if there's a nuance. Sense 7 is "make a discovery", Sense 9 is "establish after... investigation".

    In the context, the researcher "has just found a gene". This is the act of discovery.

    Let's check Sense 1 again: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of".

    Wait, let's look at the synonyms.
    Sense 1: detect, observe, discover, notice.
    Sense 6: discover.
    Sense 7: discover.
    Sense 9: determine, find out, ascertain.

    The context says "uncover a handful of genes", "discovery of these genes", "newly identified genes".
    "Identified" is a synonym for "determined" or "ascertained".

    Let's re-examine Sense 7 and 9.
    Sense 7: "make a discovery, make a new finding"
    Sense 9: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study"

    If the gene was already known to exist but its *role* (pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer) was discovered, then "establish after investigation" (Sense 9) might be better.
    "found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer" -> He found *which* gene is pivotal.

    Let's look at Sense 7 again: "make a discovery, make a new finding".
    Example: "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle". (This is discovering something that was previously unknown).

    Let's look at Sense 9 again: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study".
    Example: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize". (This also sounds like discovering something previously unknown).

    This is very subtle. Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 9: "determine, find out, ascertain".
    "He determined/ascertained a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer." (Fits well).
    "He discovered a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer." (Also fits well).

    Let's look at the context again. "Medical scientists are starting to uncover... discovery of these genes... newly identified genes... researcher who has just found a gene".
    The word "identified" is used right before "found". "Identified" is very close to "determined" or "ascertained" (Sense 9).

    Let's double-check Sense 7: "make a discovery, make a new finding".
    If the gene itself is the "new finding", Sense 7 is strong.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 1: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of".
    Example: "found traces of lead in the paint".

    Let's compare Sense 1, 7, and 9.
    1: discover existence/presence (detect)
    7: make a discovery (discover)
    9: establish after investigation (determine)

    In scientific papers, "finding a gene" usually means identifying it through research.

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 7 and 9 again.
    7: "Roentgen discovered X-rays"
    9: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize"

    If "found the elusive particle" is Sense 9, then "found a gene" (which is also an elusive biological entity) should also be Sense 9.

    Let's re-read Sense 9: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study".
    This perfectly describes the process of scientific research mentioned in the context ("Medical scientists", "developing tests", "researcher").

    Let's check Sense 7 again: "make a discovery, make a new finding".
    This is more general.

    Let's check Sense 1 again: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of".
    This is more like "detecting" something that is already there (like lead in paint).

    Between 7 and 9, 9 is more specific to the *process* of scientific investigation.

    Wait, let me look at the examples one more time.
    Sense 7: "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle"
    Sense 9: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize"

    This is incredibly similar. Let me search for these specific WordNet senses.
    Sense 7 (find%2:36:00) and Sense 9 (find%2:32:00).
    In some versions of WordNet:
    find%2:32:00 is "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study"
    find%2:36:00 is "make a discovery, make a new finding"

    If I have to choose the *best* one, and the context is heavily emphasizing the scientific process ("Medical scientists", "researcher", "developing tests"), Sense 9 ("establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study") feels slightly more precise than the general "make a discovery" (Sense 7).

    Let's re-read: "researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer."
    He didn't just "find" it like he found his keys (Sense 13) or "find" it by accident (Sense 15). He found it through research.

    Let's compare Sense 9 and Sense 7 again.
    Sense 9: determine, find out, ascertain.
    Sense 7: discover.

    "He discovered a gene" vs "He determined a gene".
    Actually, "discovered" is more common. But "determined" (as in "identified") is also very common in science.

    Wait, let's look at the examples for Sense 7 again: "Roentgen discovered X-rays".
    X-rays were a completely new discovery.
    A gene pivotal to colon cancer is also a discovery, but it's more about *identifying* which gene it is among many.

    Let's look at Sense 9's example: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize".
    An "elusive particle" is something you search for and eventually identify/establish through investigation. This is very similar to finding a specific gene.

    Let's double-check Sense 1: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of".
    Example: "found traces of lead in the paint".
    This is more about detection.

    So, Sense 9 seems the most fitting for a scientific researcher identifying a specific gene through study.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 6: "make a discovery". Example: "She found that he had lied to her". (This is more about finding out a fact).

    Let's re-verify Sense 7: "make a discovery, make a new finding". Example: "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle".

    If Sense 7 and Sense 9 both have "particle" examples, what is the difference?
    Sense 7: "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle"
    Sense 9: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize"

    Maybe Sense 7 is about the *initial* discovery ("believe they found") and Sense 9 is about the *established* discovery ("the physicist who found... won the Nobel Prize").

    In the context: "researcher who has just found a gene". This is the act of discovery.

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 9 again: "determine, find out, ascertain".
    And for Sense 7: "discover".

    The context uses "uncover", "discovery", and "identified".
    "Identified" is a very strong synonym for "determined" or "ascertained" (Sense 9).

    Let's try Sense 9.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: Only
Context:
Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer. "<t>Only</t> a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level. Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
4. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
5. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "only"
    *   Target surface form: "Only"
    *   Context: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level."

    *   Sense 1: "with nevertheless the final result" (e.g., "He arrived only to find his wife dead") - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 2: "without any others being included or involved" (e.g., "entirely", "exclusively") - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 3: "and nothing more" (e.g., "merely", "simply", "just") - *Possible, but usually refers to quantity or degree in a different way.*
    *   Sense 4: "except that" (e.g., "only this time she came out better") - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 5: "as recently as" (e.g., "I spoke to him only an hour ago") - *Matches perfectly. "Only a decade ago" means "as recently as a decade ago".*
    *   Sense 6: "never except when" (e.g., "only if") - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 7: "in the final outcome" (e.g., "will only make you more upset") - *Incorrect.*

    *   The phrase "Only a decade ago" emphasizes how short the time period is.
    *   Sense 5 definition: "as recently as".
    *   Example for Sense 5: "I spoke to him only an hour ago".
    *   This is a direct match for the usage in the context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decade
Target surface form: decade
Context:
Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer. "Only a <t>decade</t> ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level. Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decade%1:23:00:: | definition=the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system | synonyms=ten, 10, X, tenner
2. sense_key=decade%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 10 years | synonyms=decennary, decennium

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "decade"
    *   Target surface form: "decade"
    *   Context: "Only a <t>decade</t> ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `decade%1:23:00::`: the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system (ten).
        2.  `decade%1:28:00::`: a period of 10 years.

    *   The sentence is "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box...".
    *   "A decade ago" clearly refers to a period of time (10 years).

    *   Sense 1 refers to the number 10.
    *   Sense 2 refers to a period of 10 years.

    *   The context "a decade ago" fits perfectly with Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer. "Only a decade ago <t>cancer</t> was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level. Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
2. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
4. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: A text discussing genes, cancer development, treatment, prevention, molecular level, and colon cancer.
    *   Target sentence: "Only a decade ago <t>cancer</t> was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level."

    *   Sense 1: Astrology (person born in Cancer).
    *   Sense 2: Zodiac sign.
    *   Sense 3: Malignant growth/tumor (medical).
    *   Sense 4: Constellation.
    *   Sense 5: Genus of crabs.

    *   The context is heavily medical/biological ("genes", "treatment", "prevention", "molecular level", "colon cancer").
    *   The target word "cancer" refers to the disease.
    *   Sense 3 matches this definition perfectly.