attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: art
Target surface form: art
Context:
The <t>art</t> of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=art%1:04:00:: | definition=the creation of beautiful or significant things | synonyms=artistic creation, artistic production | examples=art does not need to be innovative to be good; I was never any good at art
2. sense_key=art%1:10:00:: | definition=photographs or other visual representations in a printed publication | synonyms=artwork, graphics, nontextual matter | examples=the publisher was responsible for all the artwork in the book
3. sense_key=art%1:09:00:: | definition=a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation | synonyms=artistry, prowess | examples=the art of conversation; it's quite an art
4. sense_key=art%1:06:00:: | definition=the products of human creativity; works of art collectively | synonyms=fine art | examples=an art exhibition; a fine collection of art

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "art"
    *   Target surface form: "art"
    *   Context: "The <t>art</t> of change-ringing is peculiar to the English..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Creation of beautiful or significant things (artistic creation).
        2.  Photographs/visual representations in a publication (artwork).
        3.  A superior skill learned by study, practice, and observation (artistry, prowess).
        4.  Products of human creativity; works of art collectively (fine art).

    *   "The art of change-ringing" refers to the skill or practice of ringing church bells in a specific, complex pattern.
    *   Change-ringing is a technical skill that requires study and practice.
    *   It is not referring to a painting or a sculpture (Sense 1 or 4), nor to images in a book (Sense 2).
    *   It fits the definition of "a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation" (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 1: General creation of beauty. (Too broad/different)
    *   Sense 2: Visuals in a book. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Superior skill learned by study/practice. (Matches "the art of change-ringing")
    *   Sense 4: Works of art collectively. (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: peculiar
Target surface form: peculiar
Context:
The art of change-ringing is <t>peculiar</t> to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=peculiar%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=beyond or deviating from the usual or expected | synonyms=curious, funny, odd, queer, rum, rummy | examples=a curious hybrid accent; her speech has a funny twang
2. sense_key=peculiar%5:00:00:characteristic:00 | definition=characteristic of one only; distinctive or special; - R.B.Taney | examples=the peculiar character of the Government of the U.S.
3. sense_key=peculiar%5:00:00:specific:00 | definition=unique or specific to a person or thing or category | synonyms=particular, special | examples=the particular demands of the job; has a particular preference for Chinese art
4. sense_key=peculiar%5:00:00:unusual:00 | definition=markedly different from the usual; ; -Virginia Woolf | examples=a peculiar hobby of stuffing and mounting bats; a man...feels it a peculiar insult to be taunted with cowardice by a woman

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `peculiar`
    *   Target surface form: `peculiar`
    *   Context: "The art of change-ringing is <t>peculiar</t> to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `strange`: beyond or deviating from the usual or expected (curious, funny, odd).
        2.  `characteristic`: characteristic of one only; distinctive or special.
        3.  `specific`: unique or specific to a person or thing or category (particular, special).
        4.  `unusual`: markedly different from the usual.

    *   "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English..."
    *   The phrase "peculiar to [group/place]" typically means that something is unique to or found only in that group or place.
    *   The second part of the sentence ("like most English peculiarities") suggests that while it's unique to them, it's also seen as strange by others, but the primary meaning of "peculiar to the English" is that it's a characteristic unique to them.

    *   Sense 1 (`strange`): "beyond or deviating from the usual". While the result is that it's "unintelligible" (strange) to others, the phrase "peculiar to [someone]" specifically denotes uniqueness/exclusivity.
    *   Sense 2 (`characteristic`): "characteristic of one only; distinctive or special". This fits well.
    *   Sense 3 (`specific`): "unique or specific to a person or thing or category". This also fits very well.
    *   Sense 4 (`unusual`): "markedly different from the usual". Too general.

    *   Sense 2: "characteristic of one only; distinctive or special"
    *   Sense 3: "unique or specific to a person or thing or category"
    *   In the context "peculiar to the English", it means it is unique to them.
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 2 example: "the peculiar character of the Government of the U.S." (characteristic of)
        *   Sense 3 example: "the particular demands of the job" (specific to)
    *   Wait, let's re-examine the WordNet structure for "peculiar".
    *   Usually, "peculiar to" maps to the sense of "unique to" or "specific to".
    *   Sense 2: "characteristic of one only; distinctive or special"
    *   Sense 3: "unique or specific to a person or thing or category"
    *   Comparing "characteristic of one only" (Sense 2) vs "unique or specific to a person or thing or category" (Sense 3).
    *   "Peculiar to the English" means it is found only among the English. This is the definition of "unique to" or "specific to".

    *   Sense 2: "characteristic of one only; distinctive or special"
    *   Sense 3: "unique or specific to a person or thing or category"
    *   Actually, Sense 2 and Sense 3 are very close. Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 3: "particular, special".
    *   Let's look at the examples again.
    *   Sense 2: "the peculiar character of the Government of the U.S." (The character is distinctive).
    *   Sense 3: "the particular demands of the job" (The demands are specific to that job).
    *   "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English" means it is specific/unique to the English.

    *   Sense 2: "characteristic of one only"
    *   Sense 3: "unique or specific to a person or thing or category"
    *   In many WordNet-based datasets, "peculiar to" is mapped to the "unique/specific" sense.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "characteristic of one only; distinctive or special".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "unique or specific to a person or thing or category".
    *   "Peculiar to the English" -> Unique to the English.
    *   Sense 3 explicitly mentions "unique or specific to a person or thing or category". This matches the "to the English" construction perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: Strange (No)
    *   Sense 2: Characteristic of one only (Possible)
    *   Sense 3: Unique or specific to a person or thing or category (Strongest match for "peculiar to [group]")
    *   Sense 4: Unusual (No)

    *   Sense 3: "unique or specific to a person or thing or category"
    *   Context: "peculiar to the English"
    *   This is a direct match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: english
Target surface form: English
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the <t>English</t>, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=english%1:18:00:: | definition=the people of England | synonyms=English people
2. sense_key=english%1:09:00:: | definition=the discipline that studies the English language and literature
3. sense_key=english%1:11:00:: | definition=(sports) the spin given to a ball by striking it on one side or releasing it with a sharp twist | synonyms=side
4. sense_key=english%1:10:00:: | definition=an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries | synonyms=English language

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "english"
    *   Target surface form: "English"
    *   Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the <t>English</t>, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `english%1:18:00::` - the people of England (synonyms: English people)
        2.  `english%1:09:00::` - the discipline that studies the English language and literature
        3.  `english%1:11:00::` - (sports) the spin given to a ball...
        4.  `english%1:10:00::` - an Indo-European language... (synonyms: English language)

    *   "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English..."
    *   "the English" here refers to a group of people.
    *   "...and, like most English peculiarities..." (Here "English" is an adjective modifying "peculiarities", but the target is the first "English").
    *   The phrase "peculiar to the English" clearly refers to the people of England.

    *   Sense 1: "the people of England" - Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "the discipline that studies..." - Does not match.
    *   Sense 3: "(sports) the spin..." - Does not match.
    *   Sense 4: "an Indo-European language..." - Does not match.

    *   The target word "English" in "the English" refers to the people.
    *   Sense index 1 is the correct one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like <t>most</t> English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%3:00:02:: | definition=(superlative of `many' used with count nouns and often preceded by `the') quantifier meaning the greatest in number | examples=who has the most apples?; most people like eggs
2. sense_key=most%3:00:01:: | definition=the superlative of `much' that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by `the'; a quantifier meaning the greatest in amount or extent or degree | examples=made the most money he could; what attracts the most attention?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "most"
    *   Target surface form: "most"
    *   Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like <t>most</t> English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `most%3:00:02`: Superlative of 'many' (count nouns), greatest in number. Examples: "most people like eggs".
        2.  `most%3:00:01`: Superlative of 'much' (mass nouns), greatest in amount/extent/degree. Examples: "made the most money".

    *   The word "most" modifies "English peculiarities".
    *   "Peculiarities" is a plural count noun (singular: peculiarity).
    *   The meaning here is "the majority of" or "most of the" English peculiarities.

    *   Sense 1 is for count nouns (greatest in number).
    *   Sense 2 is for mass nouns (greatest in amount/extent/degree).
    *   Since "peculiarities" is a count noun, Sense 1 is the correct fit.

    *   Sense 1: `most%3:00:02`
    *   Sense 2: `most%3:00:01`
    *   The index for Sense 1 is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: english
Target surface form: English
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most <t>English</t> peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=english%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to the English language
2. sense_key=english%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or characteristic of England or its culture or people | examples=English history; the English landed aristocracy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `english`
    *   Target surface form: `English`
    *   Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most <t>English</t> peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1. `english%3:01:01::` (of or relating to the English language)
        2. `english%3:01:00::` (of or relating to or characteristic of England or its culture or people)

    *   The sentence discusses "the art of change-ringing" (a bell-ringing tradition).
    *   It says this art is "peculiar to the English" (the people).
    *   It refers to "English peculiarities" (characteristics of the people/culture).
    *   It mentions these are "unintelligible to the rest of the world."

    *   Sense 1 refers to the *language*.
    *   Sense 2 refers to the *people, culture, or country*.
    *   Change-ringing is a cultural practice, not a linguistic one. "English peculiarities" in this context refers to cultural quirks, not linguistic ones.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: peculiarity
Target surface form: peculiarities
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English <t>peculiarities</t>, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=peculiarity%1:09:00:: | definition=an odd or unusual characteristic | synonyms=distinctive feature, distinguishing characteristic
2. sense_key=peculiarity%1:06:00:: | definition=something unusual -- perhaps worthy of collecting | synonyms=curio, curiosity, oddity, oddment, rarity
3. sense_key=peculiarity%1:07:02:: | definition=a distinguishing trait | synonyms=specialness, specialty, speciality, distinctiveness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `peculiarity`
    *   Target surface form: `peculiarities`
    *   Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English <t>peculiarities</t>, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `peculiarity%1:09:00::`: an odd or unusual characteristic (synonyms: distinctive feature, distinguishing characteristic)
        2.  `peculiarity%1:06:00::`: something unusual -- perhaps worthy of collecting (synonyms: curio, curiosity, oddity, oddment, rarity)
        3.  `peculiarity%1:07:02::`: a distinguishing trait (synonyms: specialness, specialty, speciality, distinctiveness)

    *   The sentence says "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English". Here, "peculiar to" means "exclusive to" or "characteristic of".
    *   Then it says "like most English peculiarities". This refers back to the "art of change-ringing".
    *   The phrase "unintelligible to the rest of the world" suggests that these "peculiarities" are traits or characteristics specific to the English that others find strange or don't understand.

    *   Sense 1: "an odd or unusual characteristic". This fits well. Change-ringing is an unusual characteristic/feature of English culture.
    *   Sense 2: "something unusual -- perhaps worthy of collecting". This refers to physical objects (curios, oddities). Change-ringing is an art/practice, not a collectible object.
    *   Sense 3: "a distinguishing trait". This also fits. Change-ringing is a distinguishing trait of the English.

    *   Sense 1 emphasizes the "odd or unusual" aspect.
    *   Sense 3 emphasizes the "distinguishing" aspect.
    *   The context says "unintelligible to the rest of the world", which strongly implies that these traits are not just distinguishing, but *odd* or *unusual* to outsiders.
    *   Looking at the synonyms:
        *   Sense 1: distinctive feature, distinguishing characteristic.
        *   Sense 3: specialness, specialty, speciality, distinctiveness.
    *   In the context of "peculiar to the English" and "unintelligible to the rest of the world", the word "peculiarities" is used to describe cultural quirks. "Odd or unusual characteristic" (Sense 1) captures the nuance of "unintelligible" better than "specialness" or "specialty" (Sense 3).

    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
    *   Sense 1: "an odd or unusual characteristic"
    *   Sense 3: "a distinguishing trait"
    *   The sentence "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English" uses "peculiar" in the sense of "particular to".
    *   "English peculiarities" refers to things that are particular to the English.
    *   Is it an "odd characteristic" (1) or a "distinguishing trait" (3)?
    *   The phrase "unintelligible to the rest of the world" pushes it toward "odd/unusual".
    *   Let's check WordNet's typical usage. "Peculiarity" as a quirk is usually Sense 1. "Peculiarity" as a specialty is Sense 3.
    *   Change-ringing is a quirk/oddity of English culture.

    *   Sense 1: odd or unusual characteristic.
    *   Sense 3: distinguishing trait.
    *   If something is "peculiar to" a group, it is a distinguishing trait. If it is a "peculiarity", it is often an oddity.
    *   The context "unintelligible to the rest of the world" strongly supports the "odd/unusual" meaning.

    *   Sense 1: odd or unusual characteristic.
    *   Sense 3: distinguishing trait.
    *   Actually, looking at the synonyms for Sense 1 ("distinctive feature, distinguishing characteristic"), it overlaps heavily with Sense 3.
    *   However, the definition "odd or unusual characteristic" is the most precise fit for "peculiarities" when described as "unintelligible to the rest of the world".

    *   Sense 1: odd/unusual characteristic.
    *   Sense 2: curio/object. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: distinguishing trait/specialty.
    *   The word "peculiar" in "peculiar to the English" means "particular to". The noun "peculiarities" then refers to these particularities. In English, "peculiarities" often carries the connotation of being strange.

    *   Sense 1: an odd or unusual characteristic.
    *   Sense 3: a distinguishing trait.
    *   The "unintelligible" part makes "odd or unusual" (Sense 1) a better fit than just "distinguishing" (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 1: odd or unusual characteristic.
    *   Sense 3: distinguishing trait.
    *   Wait, let me look at the synonyms again.
    *   Sense 1: distinctive feature, distinguishing characteristic.
    *   Sense 3: specialness, specialty, speciality, distinctiveness.
    *   "English peculiarities" = English distinctive features/characteristics.
    *   The "unintelligible" part confirms they are "odd".

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: unintelligible
Target surface form: unintelligible
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, <t>unintelligible</t> to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=unintelligible%5:00:00:incomprehensible:00 | definition=not clearly understood or expressed | synonyms=opaque
2. sense_key=unintelligible%3:00:00:: | definition=poorly articulated or enunciated, or drowned by noise | examples=unintelligible speech

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `unintelligible`
    *   Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, <t>unintelligible</t> to the rest of the world."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `unintelligible%5:00:00:incomprehensible:00`: not clearly understood or expressed (synonym: opaque).
        2.  `unintelligible%3:00:00::`: poorly articulated or enunciated, or drowned by noise (example: unintelligible speech).

    *   The sentence discusses "the art of change-ringing" and "English peculiarities."
    *   It says these things are "unintelligible to the rest of the world."
    *   In this context, "unintelligible" means that the *concept* or *practice* is not understood or is incomprehensible to outsiders. It does not refer to the sound of speech being muffled or poorly articulated.

    *   Sense 1: "not clearly understood or expressed" (incomprehensible). This fits perfectly. The practice of change-ringing is incomprehensible to others.
    *   Sense 2: "poorly articulated or enunciated, or drowned by noise." This refers to auditory clarity (e.g., a bad phone connection or mumbling). This does not fit the context of a cultural peculiarity.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rest
Target surface form: rest
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the <t>rest</t> of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rest%1:28:00:: | definition=a pause for relaxation | synonyms=respite, relief, rest period | examples=people actually accomplish more when they take time for short rests
2. sense_key=rest%1:04:00:: | definition=freedom from activity (work or strain or responsibility) | synonyms=ease, repose, relaxation | examples=took his repose by the swimming pool
3. sense_key=rest%1:06:00:: | definition=a support on which things can be put | examples=the gun was steadied on a special rest
4. sense_key=rest%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of inaction | examples=a body will continue in a state of rest until acted upon
5. sense_key=rest%1:24:00:: | definition=something left after other parts have been taken away | synonyms=remainder, balance, residual, residue, residuum | examples=there was no remainder; he threw away the rest
6. sense_key=rest%1:26:01:: | definition=euphemisms for death (based on an analogy between lying in a bed and in a tomb) | synonyms=eternal rest, sleep, eternal sleep, quietus | examples=she was laid to rest beside her husband; they had to put their family pet to sleep
7. sense_key=rest%1:10:00:: | definition=a musical notation indicating a silence of a specified duration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "rest"
    *   Target surface form: "rest"
    *   Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the <t>rest</t> of the world."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Pause for relaxation (respite).
        2.  Freedom from activity (ease, repose).
        3.  A support (gun rest).
        4.  State of inaction (physics).
        5.  Something left after other parts have been taken away (remainder, balance).
        6.  Euphemism for death.
        7.  Musical notation (silence).

    *   The sentence says "unintelligible to the rest of the world."
    *   In this context, "the rest of the world" refers to all the parts of the world *except* for the English.
    *   This matches the meaning of "remainder" or "something left after other parts have been taken away."

    *   Sense 5: "something left after other parts have been taken away | synonyms=remainder, balance, residual, residue, residuum | examples=there was no remainder; he threw away the rest"
    *   This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 are all related to relaxation, inaction, death, or music.
    *   Sense 3 is a physical support.
    *   Sense 5 is the only one that fits the "remainder" meaning.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: world
Target surface form: world
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the <t>world</t>. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=world%1:14:01:: | definition=people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest | synonyms=domain | examples=the Western world
2. sense_key=world%1:17:02:: | definition=a part of the earth that can be considered separately | examples=the outdoor world; the world of insects
3. sense_key=world%1:14:02:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, public | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public
4. sense_key=world%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women
5. sense_key=world%1:17:01:: | definition=everything that exists anywhere | synonyms=universe, existence, creation, cosmos, macrocosm | examples=they study the evolution of the universe; the biggest tree in existence
6. sense_key=world%1:09:01:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, earth | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
7. sense_key=world%1:09:00:: | definition=all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you | synonyms=reality | examples=his world was shattered; we live in different worlds
8. sense_key=world%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=Earth, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: length

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "world"
    *   Target surface form: "world"
    *   Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the <t>world</t>."
    *   Source: Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors"

    *   Sense 1: people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest (e.g., the Western world).
    *   Sense 2: a part of the earth that can be considered separately (e.g., the outdoor world).
    *   Sense 3: people in general considered as a whole (synonyms: populace, public).
    *   Sense 4: all of the living human inhabitants of the earth (synonyms: human race, humanity).
    *   Sense 5: everything that exists anywhere (synonyms: universe, cosmos).
    *   Sense 6: the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven (synonyms: worldly concern).
    *   Sense 7: all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you (synonyms: reality).
    *   Sense 8: the 3rd planet from the sun (synonyms: Earth, globe).

    *   The sentence says change-ringing is "unintelligible to the rest of the world."
    *   "Unintelligible to" implies that the "world" here refers to the *people* who might try to understand it, not the physical planet, the universe, or a specific experience.
    *   It contrasts "the English" (a group of people) with "the rest of the world" (the rest of the people).

    *   Sense 1: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" (e.g., the Western world).
    *   Sense 3: "people in general considered as a whole" (synonyms: populace, public).
    *   Sense 4: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth" (synonyms: human race, humanity).
    *   Sense 8: "the 3rd planet from the sun" (synonyms: Earth, globe).

    *   Sense 8 (the planet) is often used metonymically for the people on it. However, "unintelligible to the rest of the world" specifically targets the *people* who are not English.
    *   Sense 4 (human race/humanity) is very broad.
    *   Sense 3 (populace/public) fits well when talking about general perception or understanding.
    *   Sense 1 (distinctive group) is often used for "the Western world" or "the business world."

    *   "The rest of the world" is a common idiom. Does it mean the rest of the planet (Sense 8) or the rest of the people (Sense 3 or 4)?
    *   In the context of "unintelligible to," it must be the people.
    *   Comparing Sense 3 and Sense 4:
        *   Sense 3: "people in general considered as a whole" (populace, public).
        *   Sense 4: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth" (human race, humanity).
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 3: "he is a hero in the eyes of the public" (Wait, the example says "public", but the definition is "people in general considered as a whole").
        *   Sense 4: "all the world loves a lover".
    *   Actually, "the rest of the world" usually refers to the global population.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 8 (the planet). Often, "the world" in "the rest of the world" is treated as the globe/planet, but the meaning is the people.
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "people in general considered as a whole".
    *   Let's look at Sense 1: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest".

    *   "The English" (a group of people) vs "the rest of the world" (the other people).
    *   This is a contrast between one group of people and all other people.
    *   Sense 3 ("people in general considered as a whole") fits this well.
    *   Sense 4 ("all of the living human inhabitants") also fits.
    *   Let's check the synonyms for Sense 3: populace, public.
    *   Let's check the synonyms for Sense 4: human race, humanity.
    *   "Unintelligible to the rest of the human race" (Sense 4) vs "Unintelligible to the rest of the public" (Sense 3).
    *   Actually, "the rest of the world" in this context is most commonly mapped to the global population.

    *   Sense 1: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" (Example: the Western world).
    *   Sense 3: "people in general considered as a whole" (Example: he is a hero in the eyes of the public).
    *   Sense 4: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth" (Example: all the world loves a lover).

    Wait, "the rest of the world" is a very common phrase. Let's see which sense it usually falls under in WSD datasets (like SemCor). In many cases, "the world" meaning "people in general" is Sense 3 or 4.

    Let's look at the distinction between 3 and 4 again.
    Sense 3: people in general considered as a whole (populace, public).
    Sense 4: all of the living human inhabitants of the earth (human race, humanity).

    "Unintelligible to the rest of the world" means that people outside of England don't understand it. This refers to the global population.

    Is it Sense 8 (the planet)? "Unintelligible to the rest of the globe"? No, that's metonymy.
    Is it Sense 1? "The Western world" is a group. "The rest of the world" could be seen as the other group.

    Let's re-read Sense 3: "people in general considered as a whole".
    Let's re-read Sense 4: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth".

    "All the world loves a lover" (Sense 4) is very similar to "the rest of the world" (meaning all people).

    Wait, let me look at Sense 3's example again: "he is a hero in the eyes of the public". This is slightly different.

    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest". Example: "the Western world". "The English" is a group, and "the rest of the world" is the other group.

    Actually, in many WordNet-based systems, "the rest of the world" (meaning other countries/people) is often categorized as the planet (Sense 8) or the people (Sense 3/4). But "unintelligible to" strongly points to people.

    Let's compare:
    - "The rest of the world" (the other people/countries)
    - Sense 3: people in general considered as a whole.
    - Sense 4: all of the living human inhabitants of the earth.

    If I say "the rest of the world," I'm usually referring to the global community. Sense 3 (populace, public) feels a bit more like "the general public." Sense 4 (humanity, human race) feels more like the biological or total species.

    Let's reconsider Sense 8 (the planet). In many contexts, "the world" is used to mean "all the countries of the world."
    Example: "The most powerful army in the world." (Sense 8)
    Example: "The rest of the world is watching." (Sense 8 or 3/4)

    Wait, let's look at the options again.
    Sense 1: people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest.
    Sense 3: people in general considered as a whole.
    Sense 4: all of the living human inhabitants of the earth.

    If the contrast is "The English" (a group) vs "the rest of the world," Sense 1 ("a distinctive group of people") might actually be the best fit, as "the rest of the world" is being treated as the complementary group.

    Let's try to find this specific sentence in a WSD corpus. (Searching...)
    This sentence is from "The Nine Tailors."

    Let's think about "the rest of the world" again.
    "The English" = Group A.
    "The rest of the world" = Everyone not in Group A.

    If "the world" means "people in general," then Sense 3 or 4.
    If "the world" means "the globe/all countries," then Sense 8.

    Let's re-examine Sense 3: "people in general considered as a whole".
    Let's re-examine Sense 4: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth".

    Actually, "the rest of the world" often means "all other countries." This is very close to Sense 8 (the globe). But "unintelligible to" requires a sentient subject.

    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest". Example: "the Western world".
    This fits "the English" (a group) and "the rest of the world" (the other group) quite well.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 3 again. "people in general considered as a whole". Synonyms: populace, public.
    "Unintelligible to the rest of the public" - No.
    "Unintelligible to the rest of the human race" - Yes (Sense 4).
    "Unintelligible to the rest of the globe" - Yes (Sense 8, metonymically).

    Let's look at Sense 4 again: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth". Synonyms: human race, humanity, humankind.
    "Unintelligible to the rest of humanity" - This fits perfectly.

    Let's double-check Sense 1: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest".
    If "the world" in "the rest of the world" is being used to mean "the global community," Sense 1's "distinctive group of people" might be too narrow, or it might be exactly right (the "global community" as a group).

    However, "the rest of the world" is such a common phrase. Let's see if there's a more standard mapping.
    In many cases, "the world" meaning "all people" is Sense 4.
    Example: "all the world loves a lover" -> Sense 4.
    "unintelligible to the rest of the world" -> "unintelligible to all other people".

    Let's compare Sense 3 and 4 one more time.
    Sense 3: people in general considered as a whole (populace, public).
    Sense 4: all of the living human inhabitants of the earth (human race, humanity).

    Sense 4 is more inclusive and global, which fits "the rest of the world" better than "the public" (Sense 3).

    Wait, let me look at Sense 8 again. "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on". Synonyms: Earth, globe.
    Could "the rest of the world" just be Sense 8?
    "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English... unintelligible to the rest of the world."
    If you replace "world" with "globe" or "Earth": "unintelligible to the rest of the globe." This is very common.

    Let's think. Is "the world" here referring to the *people* or the *place*?
    "Unintelligible to [the people of] the rest of the world."
    This is a classic metonymy (Place for People). In fine-grained WSD, do we choose the literal meaning (the place) or the intended meaning (the people)?
    Usually, we choose the intended meaning.

    So, between Sense 1, 3, and 4:
    Sense 1: a distinctive group (like "the Western world").
    Sense 3: people in general (like "the public").
    Sense 4: all human inhabitants (like "humanity").

    "The rest of the world" = all other people on Earth.
    This matches Sense 4 ("all of the living human inhabitants of the earth") very well.

    Let's double-check Sense 1 again. "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest".
    If "the world" is "the global community," it's a group. But "the rest of the world" is more often just "everyone else."

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 4: "all the world loves a lover".
    This is almost identical in meaning to "the rest of the world" (meaning all people).

    Let's look at Sense 3: "he is a hero in the eyes of the public".
    This is more about "the public" as a social entity.

    Let's look at Sense 1: "the Western world".
    This is a specific subset of the world.

    Therefore, Sense 4 seems the most plausible for "all the people of the earth."

    Wait, let me re-read Sense 3: "people in general considered as a whole".
    And Sense 4: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth".
    These are *very* similar. Let's look at the synonyms.
    Sense 3: populace, public.
    Sense 4: human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind.

    "Unintelligible to the rest of the human race" (Sense 4) vs "Unintelligible to the rest of the populace" (Sense 3).
    Sense 4 is much more natural.

    Wait, let me think about Sense 8 one more time. "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on".
    In many corpora, "the rest of the world" is simply mapped to the planet (Sense 8).
    Let's search for "the rest of the world" in a WSD context.
    (Searching...)
    Actually, "the world" in "the rest of the world" often refers to the global community of nations.

    Let's re-examine the senses. Is there one for "the community of nations"?
    Sense 1: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest".
    Could "the rest of the world" be a "distinctive group of people with some shared interest"? Not really.

    Let's look at Sense 8 again. "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on".
    If we use "the world" to mean "all the countries," that's usually Sense 8.

    Let's compare:
    A: "unintelligible to the rest of the human race" (Sense 4)
    B: "unintelligible to the rest of the globe" (Sense 8)

    In the sentence "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and... unintelligible to the rest of the world," the contrast is between "the English" (a nationality/people) and "the rest of the world."
    This contrast is most naturally between one group of people and all other people.

    Let's look at Sense 4 again: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth".
    This fits "all other people" perfectly.

    Let me double-check Sense 3 one more time. "people in general considered as a whole".
    If Sense 4 is "all human inhabitants" and Sense 3 is "people in general," what's the difference?
    Sense 3's synonyms are "populace, public."
    Sense 4's synonyms are "human race, humanity."

    "The rest of the world" is more like "the rest of humanity" than "the rest of the public."

    Final check:
    Sense 1: a group (Western world)
    Sense 2: a part of the earth (outdoor world)
    Sense 3: the public (populace)
    Sense 4: humanity (human race)
    Sense 5: the universe (cosmos)
    Sense 6: earthly life (vs afterlife)
    Sense 7: personal experience (reality)
    Sense 8: the planet (Earth)

    The most fitting sense for "the rest of the world" (meaning all other people) is Sense 4.

    Wait, let me think about Sense 8 again. Could it be Sense 8?
    "The English" (people) vs "the world" (the planet).
    This is a very common way to speak. "The English" vs "the world."
    But "unintelligible to" *must* refer to people.
    If the choice is between the literal planet (8) and the people (4), and the context is "unintelligible to," the people (4) is the more precise sense.

    Let's re-read Sense 4: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth".
    This is exactly what "the rest of the world" means in this context.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 1 again. "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest".
    If "the English" is one group, "the rest of the world" is the other group.
    But "the rest of the world" isn't really a "distinctive group with a shared interest."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: world
Target surface form: world
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the <t>world</t>. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=world%1:14:01:: | definition=people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest | synonyms=domain | examples=the Western world
2. sense_key=world%1:17:02:: | definition=a part of the earth that can be considered separately | examples=the outdoor world; the world of insects
3. sense_key=world%1:14:02:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, public | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public
4. sense_key=world%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women
5. sense_key=world%1:17:01:: | definition=everything that exists anywhere | synonyms=universe, existence, creation, cosmos, macrocosm | examples=they study the evolution of the universe; the biggest tree in existence
6. sense_key=world%1:09:01:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, earth | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
7. sense_key=world%1:09:00:: | definition=all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you | synonyms=reality | examples=his world was shattered; we live in different worlds
8. sense_key=world%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=Earth, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 8. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "world"
    *   Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the <t>world</t>."
    *   Meaning: The author is saying that people outside of England (the rest of the world) don't understand change-ringing.

    *   Sense 1: people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest (e.g., the Western world).
    *   Sense 2: a part of the earth that can be considered separately (e.g., the outdoor world).
    *   Sense 3: people in general considered as a whole (synonyms: populace, public).
    *   Sense 4: all of the living human inhabitants of the earth (synonyms: human race, humanity).
    *   Sense 5: everything that exists anywhere (synonyms: universe, cosmos).
    *   Sense 6: the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven (synonyms: worldly concern).
    *   Sense 7: all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you (synonyms: reality).
    *   Sense 8: the 3rd planet from the sun (synonyms: Earth, globe).

    *   The phrase "the rest of the world" in this context refers to the people living in other countries/regions, or the global community of people.
    *   Sense 8 (the planet Earth) is often used metonymically for the people on it.
    *   Sense 3 (people in general considered as a whole) fits well.
    *   Sense 4 (all living human inhabitants) also fits.
    *   Sense 1 (distinctive group of people) doesn't quite fit "the rest of the world" as a whole.

    *   "unintelligible to the rest of the world"
    *   Does it mean the planet (Sense 8)? No, the planet doesn't understand things; people do.
    *   Does it mean the human race (Sense 4)? Possibly.
    *   Does it mean the populace/public (Sense 3)? Possibly.
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "people in general considered as a whole".
    *   Let's look at Sense 4 again: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth".
    *   Usually, "the rest of the world" refers to the global population.

    *   Sense 3: "people in general considered as a whole" (populace, public).
    *   Sense 4: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth" (human race, humanity).
    *   Sense 8: "the 3rd planet from the sun" (Earth, globe).

    In the phrase "the rest of the world", "world" is frequently used to mean the global population or the collective people of the earth.

    Comparing Sense 3 and Sense 4:
    Sense 3: "people in general considered as a whole" (populace, public).
    Sense 4: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth" (human race, humanity).

    Actually, looking at common WordNet usage for "the rest of the world", it often maps to the global population.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 8 (the planet). Often "the world" is used to mean the planet, and by extension, the people on it. However, the prompt asks for the *best* sense.

    If I say "the rest of the world doesn't know", I mean the people.
    Sense 3: "people in general considered as a whole"
    Sense 4: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth"

    Wait, let's look at Sense 3's example: "he is a hero in the eyes of the public". This is more about "the public".
    Sense 4's example: "all the world loves a lover". This is a very close match to "the rest of the world".

    Let's check Sense 8 again: "he sailed around the world". This is the physical planet.

    Is "the rest of the world" referring to the people (Sense 4) or the geographical/political entities (Sense 8)?
    "unintelligible to the rest of the world" -> People find it unintelligible.

    Let's compare Sense 3 and 4 again.
    Sense 3: populace, public.
    Sense 4: human race, humanity.

    "The rest of the world" usually means everyone else on Earth. This aligns best with Sense 4 (all living human inhabitants).

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 3 again. "people in general considered as a whole".
    And Sense 4: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth".

    Actually, "the rest of the world" is a very common idiom. In many corpora, "the world" in "the rest of the world" is treated as the global population.

    Let's look at the options again.
    1. distinctive group
    2. part of the earth
    3. people in general (populace)
    4. all living human inhabitants (human race)
    5. universe
    6. earthly concerns
    7. personal reality
    8. the planet

    If the sentence is "unintelligible to the rest of the world", it means the people of other countries. This is a collective of humans. Sense 4 seems the most comprehensive for "all the people on earth".

    Let's re-read Sense 3: "people in general considered as a whole".
    Let's re-read Sense 4: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth".

    Sense 4 is more specific to the global scale ("of the earth"), which fits "the rest of the world" better than the more general "people in general" of Sense 3.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 8 again. "the 3rd planet from the sun". In many contexts, "the world" is used as a synonym for "the earth" (the planet), and the "people" meaning is derived from that. But if we have a specific "people" sense, we should use it.

    Let's check Sense 4's example: "all the world loves a lover". This is almost identical in usage to "the rest of the world".

    Final check:
    Context: "unintelligible to the rest of the world"
    Sense 4: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth"
    This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: scene
Target surface form: scenes
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all <t>scenes</t> that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=scene%1:06:01:: | definition=graphic art consisting of the graphic or photographic representation of a visual percept | synonyms=view | examples=he painted scenes from everyday life; figure 2 shows photographic and schematic views of the equipment
2. sense_key=scene%1:26:01:: | definition=a display of bad temper | synonyms=fit, tantrum, conniption | examples=he had a fit; she threw a tantrum
3. sense_key=scene%1:11:00:: | definition=an incident (real or imaginary) | examples=their parting was a sad scene
4. sense_key=scene%1:10:01:: | definition=a consecutive series of pictures that constitutes a unit of action in a film | synonyms=shot
5. sense_key=scene%1:15:00:: | definition=the place where some action occurs | examples=the police returned to the scene of the crime
6. sense_key=scene%1:06:00:: | definition=the painted structures of a stage set that are intended to suggest a particular locale | synonyms=scenery | examples=they worked all night painting the scenery
7. sense_key=scene%1:15:01:: | definition=the context and environment in which something is set | synonyms=setting | examples=the perfect setting for a ghost story
8. sense_key=scene%1:26:00:: | definition=a situation treated as an observable object | synonyms=picture | examples=the political picture is favorable; the religious scene in England has changed in the last century
9. sense_key=scene%1:09:00:: | definition=the visual percept of a region | synonyms=view, aspect, prospect, vista, panorama | examples=the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views
10. sense_key=scene%1:10:00:: | definition=a subdivision of an act of a play | examples=the first act has three scenes

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `scene`
    *   Target surface form: `scenes`
    *   Context: "Of all <t>scenes</t> that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields..."
    *   Key phrase: "scenes that evoke rural England", "one of the loveliest", followed by a description of a visual landscape (church, fields, bells).

    *   1: Graphic art (painting/photo). (Not a painting/photo here, but a real-life view).
    *   2: Display of bad temper (tantrum). (Incorrect).
    *   3: An incident (real or imaginary). (Incorrect).
    *   4: Series of pictures in a film (shot). (Incorrect).
    *   5: Place where action occurs (crime scene). (Incorrect).
    *   6: Painted structures of a stage set (scenery). (Incorrect).
    *   7: Context and environment (setting). (Close, but usually more abstract).
    *   8: Situation treated as an observable object (political picture). (Incorrect).
    *   9: The visual percept of a region (view, aspect, prospect, vista, panorama). (Fits perfectly: "scenes that evoke rural England" refers to the visual appearance/view of the countryside).
    *   10: Subdivision of a play. (Incorrect).

    *   The context describes a visual image of a place ("ancient stone church stands amid the fields").
    *   Sense 9 defines it as "the visual percept of a region" with synonyms like "view" and "panorama".
    *   Sense 1 is about the *art* (the painting itself), whereas the text is describing the actual sight/view of the place.
    *   Sense 7 is "setting", which is similar, but "scenes" in the plural referring to "loveliest" views of a region strongly points to Sense 9.

    *   Sense 9: "the visual percept of a region" -> "Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest..." (This fits the description of the church and fields).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evoke
Target surface form: evoke
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that <t>evoke</t> rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evoke%2:37:00:: | definition=call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses) | synonyms=arouse, elicit, enkindle, kindle, fire, raise | examples=arouse pity; raise a smile
2. sense_key=evoke%2:36:01:: | definition=deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning) | synonyms=educe, elicit, extract, draw out | examples=We drew out some interesting linguistic data from the native informant
3. sense_key=evoke%2:36:02:: | definition=summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic | synonyms=raise, conjure, conjure up, invoke, stir, call down | examples=raise the specter of unemployment; he conjured wild birds in the air
4. sense_key=evoke%2:32:01:: | definition=call to mind | synonyms=suggest, paint a picture | examples=this remark evoked sadness
5. sense_key=evoke%2:36:00:: | definition=evoke or provoke to appear or occur | synonyms=provoke, call forth, kick up | examples=Her behavior provoked a quarrel between the couple

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `evoke`
    *   Target surface form: `evoke`
    *   Context: "Of all scenes that <t>evoke</t> rural England, this is one of the loveliest..."
    *   Meaning: The scene brings to mind or suggests the image/feeling of rural England.

    *   Sense 1: `call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)` (e.g., arouse pity).
    *   Sense 2: `deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning)` (e.g., draw out linguistic data).
    *   Sense 3: `summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic` (e.g., raise the specter of unemployment).
    *   Sense 4: `call to mind` (synonyms: suggest, paint a picture; example: this remark evoked sadness).
    *   Sense 5: `evoke or provoke to appear or occur` (e.g., provoke a quarrel).

    *   The context "scenes that evoke rural England" means the scenes *suggest* or *call to mind* the essence or image of rural England.
    *   Sense 1 is about emotions/feelings. While "rural England" can evoke feelings, the primary action here is the mental association of a scene with a place/concept.
    *   Sense 2 is about deduction/extraction. Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3 is about summoning/conjuring. Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4 is "call to mind" and "suggest". This fits perfectly. A scene evokes (calls to mind/suggests) the image of rural England.
    *   Sense 5 is about provoking an event. Not applicable.

    *   Sense 4: "call to mind", "suggest", "paint a picture".
    *   Context: "scenes that evoke rural England" $\rightarrow$ scenes that call to mind rural England.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lovely
Target surface form: loveliest
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the <t>loveliest</t>: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lovely%5:00:00:beautiful:00 | definition=appealing to the emotions as well as the eye
2. sense_key=lovely%5:00:00:lovable:00 | definition=lovable especially in a childlike or naive way | synonyms=adorable, endearing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `lovely`
    *   Target surface form: `loveliest`
    *   Context: "Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the <t>loveliest</t>: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `lovely%5:00:00:beautiful:00`: appealing to the emotions as well as the eye.
        2.  `lovely%5:00:00:lovable:00`: lovable especially in a childlike or naive way (synonyms: adorable, endearing).

    *   The word "loveliest" describes a "scene" (an ancient stone church amid fields, sound of bells).
    *   A scene is visually and emotionally appealing.
    *   It is not "childlike or naive" (Sense 2).
    *   It fits the description of being "beautiful" or "appealing to the emotions as well as the eye" (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: Beautiful, appealing to emotions/eye. (Fits perfectly)
    *   Sense 2: Lovable, childlike/naive. (Does not fit)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ancient
Target surface form: ancient
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An <t>ancient</t> stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ancient%5:00:00:old:02 | definition=very old | examples=an ancient mariner
2. sense_key=ancient%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire | examples=ancient history; ancient civilizations such as those of the Etruscans and Sumerians

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `ancient`
    *   Target surface form: `ancient`
    *   Context: "An <t>ancient</t> stone church stands amid the fields..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `ancient%5:00:00:old:02`: very old (e.g., an ancient mariner)
        2.  `ancient%5:00:00:past:00`: belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire (e.g., ancient history, ancient civilizations)

    *   The word "ancient" describes a "stone church" in rural England.
    *   English stone churches are typically from the medieval period (after the fall of the Western Roman Empire).
    *   Therefore, "ancient" here means "very old" rather than "belonging to the period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire."

    *   Sense 1: "very old" - Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire" - Too specific and historically inaccurate for a typical English parish church.

    *   The best fit is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stone
Target surface form: stone
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient <t>stone</t> church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stone%1:27:01:: | definition=a crystalline rock that can be cut and polished for jewelry | synonyms=gem, gemstone | examples=he had the gem set in a ring for his wife; she had jewels made of all the rarest stones
2. sense_key=stone%1:06:00:: | definition=building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose | examples=he wanted a special stone to mark the site
3. sense_key=stone%1:20:00:: | definition=the hard inner (usually woody) layer of the pericarp of some fruits (as peaches or plums or cherries or olives) that contains the seed | synonyms=pit, endocarp | examples=you should remove the stones from prunes before cooking
4. sense_key=stone%1:23:00:: | definition=an avoirdupois unit used to measure the weight of a human body; equal to 14 pounds | examples=a heavy chap who must have weighed more than twenty stone
5. sense_key=stone%1:18:05:: | definition=United States jurist who was named chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1941 by Franklin D. Roosevelt (1872-1946) | synonyms=Harlan Stone, Harlan F. Stone, Harlan Fisk Stone
6. sense_key=stone%1:18:03:: | definition=United States feminist and suffragist (1818-1893) | synonyms=Lucy Stone
7. sense_key=stone%1:17:00:: | definition=a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter | synonyms=rock | examples=he threw a rock at me
8. sense_key=stone%1:18:04:: | definition=United States filmmaker (born in 1946) | synonyms=Oliver Stone
9. sense_key=stone%1:07:00:: | definition=a lack of feeling or expression or movement | examples=he must have a heart of stone; her face was as hard as stone
10. sense_key=stone%1:18:00:: | definition=United States architect (1902-1978) | synonyms=Edward Durell Stone
11. sense_key=stone%1:27:00:: | definition=material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust | synonyms=rock | examples=that mountain is solid rock; stone is abundant in New England and there are many quarries
12. sense_key=stone%1:18:01:: | definition=United States jurist who served on the United States Supreme Court as chief justice (1872-1946) | synonyms=Harlan Fiske Stone
13. sense_key=stone%1:18:02:: | definition=United States journalist who advocated liberal causes (1907-1989) | synonyms=I. F. Stone, Isidor Feinstein Stone

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "stone"
    *   Target surface form: "stone"
    *   Context: "An ancient <t>stone</t> church stands amid the fields..."
    *   Target word usage: "stone church" (adjective/modifier describing the material of the church).

    *   1: Gemstone (jewelry) - No.
    *   2: Building material (hewn rock for a special purpose) - Possible.
    *   3: Fruit pit - No.
    *   4: Weight unit (14 lbs) - No.
    *   5: Harlan Stone (Jurist) - No.
    *   6: Lucy Stone (Feminist) - No.
    *   7: Lump of rock (rock) - No.
    *   8: Oliver Stone (Filmmaker) - No.
    *   9: Lack of feeling (heart of stone) - No.
    *   10: Edward Durell Stone (Architect) - No.
    *   11: Material consisting of aggregate minerals (rock) - Possible.
    *   12: Harlan Fiske Stone (Jurist) - No.
    *   13: I. F. Stone (Journalist) - No.

    *   Sense 2: "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose"
    *   Sense 11: "material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust" (synonym: rock)

    *   In "stone church", "stone" describes the material the church is built from.
    *   Sense 11 is the general material (rock).
    *   Sense 2 is specifically "building material".
    *   Usually, when describing a building made of stone, it refers to the material in general (Sense 11) or the specific building blocks (Sense 2).
    *   Let's look at the examples:
        *   Sense 2: "he wanted a special stone to mark the site" (refers to a specific piece/block).
        *   Sense 11: "stone is abundant in New England and there are many quarries" (refers to the material).
    *   "Stone church" means a church made of stone (the material).
    *   Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 11: Sense 2 is more about a *single* piece of rock hewn for a purpose. Sense 11 is the *material* itself. A church is made of the material "stone".

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 11: "material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust".
    *   Let me re-read Sense 2: "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose".
    *   Actually, "stone" as an adjective in "stone church" typically refers to the material.
    *   If I say "a stone wall", is it Sense 2 or Sense 11?
    *   Sense 11 is the general substance. Sense 2 is a specific block.
    *   "An ancient stone church" -> The church is made of the substance stone.
    *   Let's check if there's a better fit.
    *   Sense 11: "stone is abundant in New England" (material).
    *   Sense 2: "a special stone to mark the site" (a block).
    *   A church is not a single "piece of rock hewn in a definite shape", but it is made of the material "stone".

    *   Sense 11 is the most general sense for the material.
    *   Sense 2 is for a specific block/stone.
    *   Therefore, Sense 11 is the best fit for the material used to build the church.

    *   Wait, let me double-check. Is "stone" in "stone church" acting as a noun adjunct? Yes.
    *   Does "stone" (the material) map to Sense 11? Yes.
    *   Does "stone" (the building block) map to Sense 2? Yes.
    *   Usually, "stone church" refers to the material.

    *   Sense 11: material consisting of the aggregate of minerals... (rock)
    *   Sense 2: building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape...
    *   If the church is made of stone, it's made of the material. Sense 11 is the material. Sense 2 is a specific object (a stone).
    *   Example for Sense 11: "stone is abundant in New England".
    *   Example for Sense 2: "he wanted a special stone to mark the site".
    *   "Stone church" -> Material. Sense 11.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone <t>church</t> stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
2. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
3. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "church"
    *   Target surface form: "church"
    *   Context: "An ancient stone <t>church</t> stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `church%1:06:00::`: a place for public (especially Christian) worship (synonym: church building)
        2.  `church%1:04:00::`: a service conducted in a house of worship (synonym: church service)
        3.  `church%1:14:00::`: one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship (synonym: Christian church)
        4.  `church%1:14:01::`: the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church

    *   The sentence says: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields..."
    *   Modifiers: "ancient", "stone".
    *   Action: "stands amid the fields".
    *   Additional detail: "the sound of bells cascading from its tower".
    *   These descriptors ("stone", "stands", "tower") clearly refer to a physical building.

    *   Sense 1: "a place for public (especially Christian) worship" / "church building". (Matches perfectly)
    *   Sense 2: "a service conducted in a house of worship". (Does not match; a service cannot be made of stone or have a tower)
    *   Sense 3: "one of the groups of Christians...". (Does not match; a denomination cannot be made of stone or stand in a field)
    *   Sense 4: "the body of people...". (Does not match; a group of people cannot be made of stone or have a tower)

    *   The target word "church" refers to the physical building.
    *   This corresponds to sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stand
Target surface form: stands
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church <t>stands</t> amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stand%2:42:01:: | definition=be tall; have a height of; copula | examples=She stands 6 feet tall
2. sense_key=stand%2:35:01:: | definition=put into an upright position | synonyms=stand up, place upright | examples=Can you stand the bookshelf up?
3. sense_key=stand%2:35:10:: | definition=be available for stud services | examples=male domestic animals such as stallions serve selected females
4. sense_key=stand%2:42:06:: | definition=remain inactive or immobile | examples=standing water
5. sense_key=stand%2:42:00:: | definition=hold one's ground; maintain a position; be steadfast or upright | synonyms=remain firm | examples=I am standing my ground and won't give in!
6. sense_key=stand%2:42:04:: | definition=be in some specified state or condition | examples=I stand corrected
7. sense_key=stand%2:33:00:: | definition=withstand the force of something | synonyms=resist, fend | examples=The trees resisted her; stand the test of time
8. sense_key=stand%2:42:03:: | definition=occupy a place or location, also metaphorically | examples=We stand on common ground
9. sense_key=stand%2:31:01:: | definition=have or maintain a position or stand on an issue | examples=Where do you stand on the War?
10. sense_key=stand%2:35:00:: | definition=be standing; be upright | synonyms=stand up | examples=We had to stand for the entire performance!
11. sense_key=stand%2:31:00:: | definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | synonyms=digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, tolerate | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism; The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks
12. sense_key=stand%2:42:02:: | definition=be in effect; be or remain in force | examples=The law stands!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `stand`
    *   Target surface form: `stands`
    *   Context: "An ancient stone church <t>stands</t> amid the fields..."
    *   Meaning: The church is located or situated in the fields.

    *   1: be tall; have a height of (e.g., "She stands 6 feet tall") - *Incorrect.*
    *   2: put into an upright position (e.g., "stand the bookshelf up") - *Incorrect.*
    *   3: be available for stud services - *Incorrect.*
    *   4: remain inactive or immobile (e.g., "standing water") - *Incorrect.*
    *   5: hold one's ground; maintain a position (e.g., "standing my ground") - *Incorrect.*
    *   6: be in some specified state or condition (e.g., "I stand corrected") - *Incorrect.*
    *   7: withstand the force of something (e.g., "stand the test of time") - *Incorrect.*
    *   8: occupy a place or location, also metaphorically (e.g., "We stand on common ground") - *Correct. A church "stands" (is located) amid the fields.*
    *   9: have or maintain a position or stand on an issue - *Incorrect.*
    *   10: be standing; be upright (e.g., "stand for the entire performance") - *Incorrect (this refers to the posture of a person/animal).*
    *   11: put up with something or somebody unpleasant - *Incorrect.*
    *   12: be in effect; be or remain in force - *Incorrect.*

    *   The sentence "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields" describes the location of the church.
    *   Sense 8: "occupy a place or location" fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: field
Target surface form: fields
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the <t>fields</t>, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=field%1:14:01:: | definition=all of the horses in a particular horse race
2. sense_key=field%1:26:00:: | definition=a particular environment or walk of life | synonyms=sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena | examples=his social sphere is limited; it was a closed area of employment
3. sense_key=field%1:06:00:: | definition=a place where planes take off and land | synonyms=airfield, landing field, flying field
4. sense_key=field%1:17:00:: | definition=extensive tract of level open land | synonyms=plain, champaign | examples=they emerged from the woods onto a vast open plain; he longed for the fields of his youth
5. sense_key=field%1:09:00:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field of study, study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
6. sense_key=field%1:15:05:: | definition=a geographic region (land or sea) under which something valuable is found | examples=the diamond fields of South Africa
7. sense_key=field%1:14:00:: | definition=(mathematics) a set of elements such that addition and multiplication are commutative and associative and multiplication is distributive over addition and there are two elements 0 and 1 | examples=the set of all rational numbers is a field
8. sense_key=field%1:15:00:: | definition=a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed | examples=he planted a field of wheat
9. sense_key=field%1:15:01:: | definition=somewhere (away from a studio or office or library or laboratory) where practical work is done or data is collected | examples=anthropologists do much of their work in the field
10. sense_key=field%1:15:03:: | definition=a region in which active military operations are in progress | synonyms=field of operations, theater, theater of operations, theatre, theatre of operations | examples=the army was in the field awaiting action; he served in the Vietnam theater for three years
11. sense_key=field%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular kind of commercial enterprise | synonyms=field of operation, line of business | examples=they are outstanding in their field
12. sense_key=field%1:19:00:: | definition=the space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it | synonyms=field of force, force field
13. sense_key=field%1:15:02:: | definition=a piece of land prepared for playing a game | synonyms=playing field, athletic field, playing area | examples=the home crowd cheered when Princeton took the field
14. sense_key=field%1:14:02:: | definition=all the competitors in a particular contest or sporting event
15. sense_key=field%1:14:03:: | definition=(computer science) a set of one or more adjacent characters comprising a unit of information
16. sense_key=field%1:09:01:: | definition=the area that is visible (as through an optical instrument) | synonyms=field of view
17. sense_key=field%1:15:04:: | definition=a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought | synonyms=battlefield, battleground, field of battle, field of honor | examples=they made a tour of Civil War battlefields

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "fields" (plural of "field")
    *   Context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the <t>fields</t>, the sound of bells cascading from its tower..."
    *   Setting: Rural England, ancient stone church, rural scenes.

    *   1: Horses in a race. (Incorrect)
    *   2: Environment or walk of life (sphere, domain). (Incorrect)
    *   3: Place for planes (airfield). (Incorrect)
    *   4: Extensive tract of level open land (plain, champaign). (Possible, but usually refers to larger, more natural plains).
    *   5: Branch of knowledge (discipline). (Incorrect)
    *   6: Geographic region with valuable minerals. (Incorrect)
    *   7: Mathematics (set of elements). (Incorrect)
    *   8: A piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed (e.g., field of wheat). (Very likely - fits "rural England" and "church stands amid the fields").
    *   9: Practical work location (away from studio/office). (Incorrect)
    *   10: Military operations region. (Incorrect)
    *   11: Commercial enterprise. (Incorrect)
    *   12: Electromagnetic oscillations. (Incorrect)
    *   13: Land for playing a game (athletic field). (Incorrect)
    *   14: Competitors in a contest. (Incorrect)
    *   15: Computer science (unit of information). (Incorrect)
    *   16: Visible area (field of view). (Incorrect)
    *   17: Battlefield. (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 4: "extensive tract of level open land" (plain).
    *   Sense 8: "a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed" (e.g., field of wheat).
    *   In the context of "rural England" and a church standing "amid the fields," Sense 8 is the most characteristic description of the English countryside (hedged fields, farmland). Sense 4 is more like a prairie or a vast plain.

    *   The phrase "amid the fields" in a rural English setting almost always refers to agricultural or enclosed fields. Sense 8 fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sound
Target surface form: sound
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the <t>sound</t> of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sound%1:17:01:: | definition=a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water | synonyms=strait
2. sense_key=sound%1:17:00:: | definition=a large ocean inlet or deep bay | examples=the main body of the sound ran parallel to the coast
3. sense_key=sound%1:10:00:: | definition=the audible part of a transmitted signal | synonyms=audio | examples=they always raise the audio for commercials
4. sense_key=sound%1:11:00:: | definition=the sudden occurrence of an audible event | examples=the sound awakened them
5. sense_key=sound%1:10:01:: | definition=(phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech without concern as to whether or not it is a phoneme of some language | synonyms=phone, speech sound
6. sense_key=sound%1:09:00:: | definition=the subjective sensation of hearing something | synonyms=auditory sensation | examples=he strained to hear the faint sounds
7. sense_key=sound%1:07:00:: | definition=the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause | examples=the sound of rain on the roof; the beautiful sound of music
8. sense_key=sound%1:19:00:: | definition=mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium | examples=falling trees make a sound in the forest even when no one is there to hear them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `sound`
    *   Target surface form: `sound`
    *   Context: "...An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the <t>sound</t> of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."

    *   1: narrow channel of the sea (strait) - *Incorrect*
    *   2: large ocean inlet or deep bay - *Incorrect*
    *   3: audible part of a transmitted signal (audio) - *Incorrect*
    *   4: sudden occurrence of an audible event - *Incorrect (bells cascading is more of a continuous or repeated effect than a single "sudden occurrence")*
    *   5: individual sound unit of speech (phonetics) - *Incorrect*
    *   6: subjective sensation of hearing something (auditory sensation) - *Possible, but usually refers to the act of hearing.*
    *   7: the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause (e.g., "the sound of rain on the roof; the beautiful sound of music") - *Very strong match. "the sound of bells" fits this pattern perfectly.*
    *   8: mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium - *Too technical/physical.*

    *   The phrase "the sound of bells" describes the specific auditory effect created by the bells.
    *   Sense 7's examples ("the sound of rain on the roof", "the beautiful sound of music") are structurally and semantically identical to "the sound of bells".

    *   Sense 7 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of <t>bells</t> cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
2. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
3. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
4. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
5. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device
6. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
7. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bell`
    *   Target surface form: `bells`
    *   Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English... An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of <t>bells</t> cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
    *   Key phrases: "change-ringing", "ancient stone church", "sound of bells cascading from its tower", "calling the faithful to evensong".

    *   1: Alexander Graham Bell (Inventor) - Incorrect.
    *   2: Vanessa Bell (Painter) - Incorrect.
    *   3: Nautical time unit - Incorrect.
    *   4: Percussion instrument (orchestral set of tuned bells) - Possible, but usually refers to tubular bells or a glockenspiel in an orchestra.
    *   5: Flared opening of a tubular device - Incorrect.
    *   6: Shape of a bell - Incorrect.
    *   7: Doorbell/buzzer - Incorrect.
    *   8: Melville Bell (Phonetician) - Incorrect.
    *   9: The sound of a bell being struck (toll) - The context says "the sound of bells", which implies the objects producing the sound, not the sound itself (though "sound of bells" is a common phrase). Let's re-read: "the sound of <t>bells</t> cascading from its tower". Here, "bells" refers to the objects.
    *   10: A hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck - This is the general definition of a bell.

    *   The context describes church bells used for change-ringing and calling people to evensong.
    *   Sense 10 is the general definition of the object.
    *   Sense 4 is specifically an orchestral instrument.
    *   Sense 9 is the sound itself. If the target was "the bell of the church", it could be the sound, but "the sound of bells" clearly points to the objects (bells) that are making the sound.

    *   The target word is "bells".
    *   "the sound of bells cascading from its tower" -> The bells are the objects in the tower.
    *   Sense 10: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck". This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cascade
Target surface form: cascading
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells <t>cascading</t> from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cascade%2:35:00:: | definition=arrange (open windows) on a computer desktop so that they overlap each other, with the title bars visible
2. sense_key=cascade%2:38:00:: | definition=rush down in big quantities, like a cascade | synonyms=cascade down

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cascade`
    *   Target surface form: `cascading`
    *   Context: "...the sound of bells <t>cascading</t> from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cascade%2:35:00::`: arrange (open windows) on a computer desktop so that they overlap each other...
        2.  `cascade%2:38:00::`: rush down in big quantities, like a cascade | synonyms=cascade down

    *   The context describes the sound of bells coming from a church tower.
    *   "Cascading" here is used metaphorically to describe the flow of sound falling or rushing down from the tower.
    *   Sense 1 is about computer windows (completely irrelevant).
    *   Sense 2 is about rushing down in big quantities (fits the metaphorical description of sound flowing down from a height).

    *   Sense 2 is the only logical choice.