[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: developing
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of <t>developing</t> the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
2. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
7. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
8. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
9. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
10. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
13. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
15. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
16. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
17. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `develop`
    *   Target surface form: `developing`
    *   Context: "...faced no more risk than other children of <t>developing</t> the rare cancer."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "developing the rare cancer" means the child coming to have or contracting the disease.

    *   Sense 1: come into existence; take on form or shape (e.g., religious movement).
    *   Sense 2: move pieces in chess.
    *   Sense 3: expand in the form of a series (math).
    *   Sense 4: come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) (e.g., "The patient developed abdominal pains").
    *   Sense 5: work out (e.g., theory of evolution).
    *   Sense 6: happen (e.g., news as it develops).
    *   Sense 7: cause to grow and differentiate (e.g., develop grain).
    *   Sense 8: elaborate musical idea.
    *   Sense 9: make visible (film).
    *   Sense 10: generate gradually (customers).
    *   Sense 11: gain through experience (sense of right and wrong).
    *   Sense 12: grow emotionally or mature.
    *   Sense 13: elaborate theories/hypotheses.
    *   Sense 14: be gradually disclosed (plot).
    *   Sense 15: create by training/teaching.
    *   Sense 16: become technologically advanced.
    *   Sense 17: geometry (3D surface on plane).
    *   Sense 18: move into strategic position (chess).
    *   Sense 19: make something new (product/technique).
    *   Sense 20: grow, progress, unfold (evolution/natural growth).
    *   Sense 21: change use of land/resources.

    *   The context is about a child "developing the rare cancer."
    *   This fits perfectly with Sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" with the example "The patient developed abdominal pains."

    *   Sense 1 (come into existence) is more about movements or ideas.
    *   Sense 20 (grow, progress, unfold) is more about general evolution or growth of a flower/country.
    *   Sense 4 specifically mentions "The patient developed abdominal pains," which is the closest parallel to "developing the rare cancer."


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare <t>cancer</t>. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
3. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: The text discusses genetic tests for "cancer-susceptible individuals," "predictive cancer diagnosis," "retinoblastoma, an eye cancer," "rare tumor," and "developing the rare <t>cancer</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cancer%1:26:00::`: any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division... (malignant neoplastic disease)
        2.  `cancer%1:17:00::`: a small zodiacal constellation...
        3.  `cancer%1:05:00::`: type genus of the family Cancridae...
        4.  `cancer%1:15:00::`: the fourth sign of the zodiac...
        5.  `cancer%1:18:00::`: (astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer...

    *   The context is clearly medical, discussing genetic tests, tumors, and retinoblastoma (an eye cancer).
    *   Sense 1 describes a malignant growth or tumor.
    *   Senses 2, 4, and 5 relate to astrology/astronomy.
    *   Sense 3 relates to biology (genus of crabs).

    *   The target word `<t>cancer</t>` refers to the disease (retinoblastoma).
    *   Sense 1 is the correct match.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It <t>made</t> our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
2. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
3. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
4. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
5. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
6. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
7. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
8. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
9. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
10. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
11. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
12. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
13. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
14. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
15. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
16. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
17. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
18. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
19. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
20. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
21. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
22. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
23. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
24. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
25. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
26. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
27. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
28. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
29. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
30. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
31. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
32. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
33. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
34. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
35. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
36. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
37. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
38. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
39. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
40. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
41. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug
42. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
43. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
44. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
45. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
46. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
47. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
48. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
49. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 13}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 13}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `make`
    *   Target surface form: `made`
    *   Context: "It <t>made</t> our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan.
    *   Meaning: The news/test result made their New Year (meaning it made the holiday special, enjoyable, or a success).

    *   1: behave in a certain way (make merry) - No.
    *   2: undergo fabrication or creation - No.
    *   3: reach a destination - No.
    *   4: represent fictitiously - No.
    *   5: reach a goal - No.
    *   6: prepare for eating - No.
    *   7: compose or represent - No.
    *   8: calculate as being - No.
    *   9: proceed along a path - No.
    *   10: make by combining materials - No.
    *   11: add up to - No.
    *   12: earn money - No.
    *   13: cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable (example: "make my day") - This fits perfectly. "Made our New Year" is analogous to "made my day."
    *   14: gather and light materials (fire) - No.
    *   15: organize or be responsible for (party) - No.
    *   16: favor the development of - No.
    *   17: assure the success of - No.
    *   18: perform or carry out - No.
    *   19: institute, enact, or establish - No.
    *   20: achieve a point or goal - No.
    *   21: reach in time - No.
    *   22: induce to have sex - No.
    *   23: give certain properties to something - No.
    *   24: create by artistic means - No.
    *   25: be or be capable of being changed into - No.
    *   26: create or manufacture - No.
    *   27: appear to begin an activity - No.
    *   28: charge with a function - No.
    *   29: consider as being - No.
    *   30: make by shaping - No.
    *   31: develop into - No.
    *   32: cause to do - No.
    *   33: create or design - No.
    *   34: head into a specified direction - No.
    *   35: carry out or commit - No.
    *   36: amount to - No.
    *   37: constitute the essence of - No.
    *   38: compel to act - No.
    *   39: formulate in the mind - No.
    *   40: give rise to; cause to happen - No.
    *   41: eliminate urine - No.
    *   42: be suitable for - No.
    *   43: act in a certain way so as to acquire - No.
    *   44: engage in - No.
    *   45: have a bowel movement - No.
    *   46: change from one form into another - No.
    *   47: put in order or neaten - No.
    *   48: form by assembling individuals - No.
    *   49: make or cause to be or to become - No.

    *   Sense 13: "cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable" (example: "make my day").
    *   Context: "It made our New Year."
    *   The test result (it) caused their New Year to be enjoyable/pleasurable. This is a direct match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "<t>says</t> Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
2. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
5. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
6. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
7. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon
8. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
9. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
10. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
11. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `say`
    *   Target surface form: `says`
    *   Context: `"It made our New Year," <t>says</t> Mr. Quinlan.`
    *   Sentence analysis: Mr. Quinlan is speaking a direct quote. He is expressing a thought/feeling in words.

    *   1: `have or contain a certain wording or form` (e.g., "What does the law say?") - Incorrect.
    *   2: `speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way` (e.g., "She pronounces French words in a funny way") - Incorrect.
    *   3: `express a supposition` (e.g., "Let us say that he did not tell the truth") - Incorrect.
    *   4: `express in words` (synonyms: state, tell; e.g., "He said that he wanted to marry her") - This is a general sense of speaking/stating.
    *   5: `communicate or express nonverbally` (e.g., "What does this painting say?") - Incorrect.
    *   6: `state as one's opinion or judgement; declare` (e.g., "I say let's forget this whole business") - This is more about making a proposal or a strong declaration.
    *   7: `indicate` (e.g., "The clock says noon") - Incorrect.
    *   8: `recite or repeat a fixed text` (e.g., "Say grace") - Incorrect.
    *   9: `give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority` (e.g., "I said to him to go home") - Incorrect.
    *   10: `report or maintain` (synonyms: allege, aver; e.g., "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime") - This is more about making a claim that might be disputed.
    *   11: `utter aloud` (e.g., "She said 'Hello' to everyone in the office") - This is often used for short utterances or greetings.

    *   The context is a direct quote: `"It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan.`
    *   This is the most basic use of "say" to introduce a quote.
    *   Sense 4 (`express in words`) and Sense 11 (`utter aloud`) are close.
    *   Sense 4 is the general sense of stating something.
    *   Sense 11 is specifically about the act of uttering.
    *   Looking at Sense 4 examples: "He said that he wanted to marry her." (Indirect speech).
    *   Looking at Sense 11 examples: "She said 'Hello' to everyone in the office." (Direct speech/utterance).
    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate Sense 4 vs Sense 11.
    *   Sense 4: `express in words` (state, tell).
    *   Sense 11: `utter aloud`.
    *   In journalism/narrative, "says [Person]" following a quote is the standard way to attribute a statement. This is essentially "expressing in words" or "stating".
    *   Let's check Sense 4 again: "He said that he wanted to marry her."
    *   Let's check Sense 11 again: "She said 'Hello' to everyone in the office."
    *   Actually, Sense 4 is the most general and common sense for attributing a statement. Sense 11 is more about the physical act of uttering a specific word or phrase.
    *   Let's look at Sense 10: `report or maintain`. Not quite.
    *   Let's look at Sense 6: `state as one's opinion or judgement`. Not quite.

    *   Sense 4: `express in words` (state, tell).
    *   Sense 11: `utter aloud`.
    *   In the sentence `"It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan`, Mr. Quinlan is stating a fact/feeling.
    *   Comparing "He said that he wanted to marry her" (Sense 4) and "She said 'Hello'" (Sense 11).
    *   The quote "It made our New Year" is a full statement, not just a greeting or a single word.
    *   Sense 4 is the standard sense for "state".

    *   Sense 4: `express in words` (state, tell).
    *   Sense 11: `utter aloud`.
    *   Usually, "utter aloud" (11) is for the physical act of speaking, whereas "express in words" (4) is for the communication of a message.
    *   The context is a quote reporting a message.

    *   Sense 4: `express in words` (state, tell).
    *   Sense 11: `utter aloud`.
    *   If I look at other WSD datasets (like SemCor), "says" in a quote attribution is almost always mapped to the general "state/express in words" sense.

    *   Sense 4: `express in words` (state, tell).
    *   Sense 11: `utter aloud`.
    *   Example for 11: "She said 'Hello' to everyone".
    *   Example for 4: "He said that he wanted to marry her".
    *   The quote "It made our New Year" is a statement of a feeling/fact. Sense 4 fits best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: first
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the <t>first</t> to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%3:00:00:: | definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. sense_key=first%5:00:02:opening:00 | definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
3. sense_key=first%3:00:03:: | definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section
4. sense_key=first%5:00:00:best:00 | definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
5. sense_key=first%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
6. sense_key=first%5:00:01:opening:00 | definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "first"
    *   Target surface form: "first"
    *   Context: "This test was the <t>first</t> to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."
    *   Meaning: The test mentioned was the earliest one (in time) to achieve this specific capability.

    *   Sense 1: "preceding all others in time or space or degree" (Example: "the first house on the right; the first day of spring")
    *   Sense 2: "serving to set in motion" (Synonyms: inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden)
    *   Sense 3: "highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices..." (Example: "first soprano")
    *   Sense 4: "ranking above all others" (Synonyms: foremost, world-class)
    *   Sense 5: "indicating the beginning unit in a series" (Synonym: 1st)
    *   Sense 6: "serving to begin" (Synonym: beginning)

    *   The sentence "This test was the first to predict reliably..." means that no test before this one could predict it reliably. It refers to the temporal order of occurrence/invention.
    *   Sense 1 ("preceding all others in time...") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 ("serving to set in motion") is more about initiating a process.
    *   Sense 4 ("ranking above all others") is about quality/rank, not temporal order.
    *   Sense 5 ("indicating the beginning unit in a series") is more about counting/ordering (1st, 2nd, 3rd).
    *   Sense 6 ("serving to begin") is similar to Sense 2.

    *   The test is the earliest one in time to have this property. This aligns with "preceding all others in time".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: individual
Target surface form: individual
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an <t>individual</t> could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=individual%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. sense_key=individual%1:18:00:: | definition=a single organism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `individual`
    *   Target surface form: `individual`
    *   Context: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an <t>individual</t> could expect to develop cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `individual%1:03:00::`: a human being (synonyms: person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul)
        2.  `individual%1:18:00::`: a single organism

    *   The text discusses a genetic test for retinoblastoma (eye cancer) in humans (the Quinlan family).
    *   The sentence "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer" refers to the people being tested for this specific human genetic condition.
    *   While a human is a "single organism," the context is specifically about human health, genetics, and medical testing for people.

    *   Sense 1: "a human being"
    *   Sense 2: "a single organism" (this is a broader biological term)

    *   The context is entirely about humans (the Quinlan family, babies, doctors).
    *   "Individual" here is used as a synonym for "person" or "patient."
    *   Sense 1 is more specific and fits the human context better than the general biological term "single organism."

    *   Sense 1: human being.
    *   Sense 2: single organism.
    *   The context is about human cancer prediction. Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: expect
Target surface form: expect
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could <t>expect</t> to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=expect%2:29:02:: | definition=look forward to the birth of a child | examples=She is expecting in March
2. sense_key=expect%2:31:05:: | definition=consider reasonable or due | examples=I'm expecting a full explanation as to why these files were destroyed
3. sense_key=expect%2:29:00:: | definition=be pregnant with | synonyms=have a bun in the oven, bear, carry, gestate | examples=She is bearing his child; The are expecting another child in January
4. sense_key=expect%2:32:00:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, require | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
5. sense_key=expect%2:31:01:: | definition=look forward to the probable occurrence of | synonyms=look, await, wait | examples=We were expecting a visit from our relatives; She is looking to a promotion
6. sense_key=expect%2:31:00:: | definition=regard something as probable or likely | synonyms=anticipate | examples=The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `expect`
    *   Target surface form: `expect`
    *   Context: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could <t>expect</t> to develop cancer."

    *   Sense 1: look forward to the birth of a child (e.g., "She is expecting in March")
    *   Sense 2: consider reasonable or due (e.g., "I'm expecting a full explanation")
    *   Sense 3: be pregnant with (e.g., "They are expecting another child")
    *   Sense 4: consider obligatory; request and expect (e.g., "We require our secretary to be on time")
    *   Sense 5: look forward to the probable occurrence of (e.g., "We were expecting a visit")
    *   Sense 6: regard something as probable or likely (e.g., "The meteorologists are expecting rain")

    *   The sentence is: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."
    *   In this context, "expect to develop cancer" means that based on the test results, it is probable or likely that the person will develop cancer.
    *   It's not about pregnancy (Senses 1, 3).
    *   It's not about something being "due" or "reasonable" (Sense 2).
    *   It's not about an obligation (Sense 4).
    *   It's not about "looking forward to" (Sense 5 - usually implies anticipation of a future event, often positive or neutral, though not always).
    *   It's about the probability or likelihood of an event occurring (Sense 6).

    *   Sense 6: "regard something as probable or likely" (synonym: anticipate).
    *   Example: "The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow."
    *   Application: "whether an individual could expect to develop cancer" $\rightarrow$ whether it is probable or likely that an individual will develop cancer.

    *   Sense 5 ("look forward to the probable occurrence of") is similar, but "look forward to" often implies a certain psychological state of anticipation.
    *   Sense 6 ("regard something as probable or likely") fits the medical/predictive context better. The test predicts the *probability* of the outcome.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: develop
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to <t>develop</t> cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
4. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
5. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
8. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
9. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
10. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
11. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
13. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
14. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
15. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
16. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
17. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
18. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form
20. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
21. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "develop"
    *   Context: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to <t>develop</t> cancer."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "develop cancer" means to start having the disease or to acquire the condition.

    *   1: happen (e.g., news develops) - No.
    *   2: generate gradually (e.g., develop customers) - No.
    *   3: cause to grow and differentiate (e.g., develop grain) - No.
    *   4: make something new (e.g., develop a product) - No.
    *   5: move into a strategically more advantageous position (chess) - No.
    *   6: change the use of and make available (e.g., develop land) - No.
    *   7: grow, progress, unfold, or evolve (e.g., flower developed) - No.
    *   8: be gradually disclosed or unfolded (e.g., plot developed) - No.
    *   9: move pieces into strategically more advantageous positions (chess) - No.
    *   10: come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) (synonyms: grow, produce, get, acquire; example: "The patient developed abdominal pains") - This fits perfectly. Developing a disease/cancer is coming to have a physical attribute/condition.
    *   11: create by training and teaching - No.
    *   12: become technologically advanced - No.
    *   13: gain through experience (e.g., develop a sense of right and wrong) - No.
    *   14: make visible by means of chemical solutions (film) - No.
    *   15: elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea - No.
    *   16: grow emotionally or mature - No.
    *   17: superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane - No.
    *   18: work out (e.g., develop a theory) - No.
    *   19: expand in the form of a series - No.
    *   20: come into existence; take on form or shape - No.
    *   21: elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses - No.

    *   Sense 10: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" with the example "The patient developed abdominal pains".
    *   "Develop cancer" is analogous to "develop abdominal pains".

    *   Sense 10 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop <t>cancer</t>. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
2. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer
3. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
4. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
5. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: The text discusses retinoblastoma, an eye cancer, genetic probes, tumor-suppressor genes, and the risk of developing the disease.
    *   Target sentence: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop <t>cancer</t>."

    *   Sense 1: (astrology) a person born while the sun is in Cancer.
    *   Sense 2: type genus of the family Cancridae (crabs).
    *   Sense 3: the fourth sign of the zodiac.
    *   Sense 4: a small zodiacal constellation.
    *   Sense 5: any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.

    *   The context is medical, specifically about retinoblastoma (an eye cancer), tumors, and genetic risks.
    *   The target word "cancer" refers to the disease.
    *   Sense 5 matches this definition perfectly ("any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division").


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: equally
Target surface form: Equally
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. <t>Equally</t> important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=equally%4:02:02:: | definition=in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way | synonyms=evenly | examples=a class evenly divided between girls and boys; they split their winnings equally
2. sense_key=equally%4:02:01:: | definition=to the same degree (often followed by `as') | synonyms=as, every bit | examples=they were equally beautiful; birds were singing and the child sang as sweetly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "equally"
    *   Target surface form: "Equally"
    *   Context: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. <t>Equally</t> important, the initial discovery of the gene..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `equally%4:02:02::`: in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way (synonym: evenly).
        2.  `equally%4:02:01::`: to the same degree (often followed by 'as') (synonyms: as, every bit).

    *   The sentence is: "Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene..."
    *   Here, "equally" modifies the adjective "important".
    *   It means that the discovery of the gene is *to the same degree* important as the test mentioned in the previous sentence.

    *   Sense 1 refers to distribution or impartiality (e.g., splitting winnings, dividing a class). This does not fit.
    *   Sense 2 refers to degree (e.g., "equally beautiful"). This fits perfectly ("equally important").

    *   The correct sense is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: important
Target surface form: important
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally <t>important</t>, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=important%3:00:04:: | definition=important in effect or meaning | synonyms=significant | examples=a significant change in tax laws; a significant change in the Constitution
2. sense_key=important%5:00:00:influential:00 | definition=having authority or ascendancy or influence | synonyms=authoritative | examples=an important official; the captain's authoritative manner
3. sense_key=important%3:00:02:: | definition=of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis | synonyms=crucial | examples=a crucial moment in his career; a crucial election
4. sense_key=important%5:00:00:immodest:02 | definition=having or suggesting a consciousness of high position | examples=recited the decree with an important air; took long important strides in the direction of his office
5. sense_key=important%3:00:00:: | definition=of great significance or value | synonyms=of import | examples=important people; the important questions of the day

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "important"
    *   Context: "Equally <t>important</t>, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth... has opened a field of cancer study..."
    *   Meaning: The discovery is being described as having significant value or effect because it opened a new field of study.

    *   Sense 1: `important in effect or meaning` (synonym: significant). Example: "a significant change in tax laws".
    *   Sense 2: `having authority or ascendancy or influence` (synonym: authoritative). Example: "an important official".
    *   Sense 3: `of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis` (synonym: crucial). Example: "a crucial moment in his career".
    *   Sense 4: `having or suggesting a consciousness of high position`. Example: "an important air".
    *   Sense 5: `of great significance or value` (synonym: of import). Example: "important people; the important questions of the day".

    *   The context says "Equally important, the initial discovery... has opened a field of cancer study".
    *   Is it "vital to the resolution of a crisis" (Sense 3)? Not exactly a crisis resolution, but a scientific breakthrough.
    *   Is it "having authority" (Sense 2)? No.
    *   Is it "consciousness of high position" (Sense 4)? No.
    *   Is it "important in effect or meaning" (Sense 1) or "of great significance or value" (Sense 5)?
    *   Sense 1 (significant) often refers to a change or a result (e.g., "significant change").
    *   Sense 5 (of great significance or value) is a more general description of something being important.

    *   Sense 1: "important in effect or meaning" (significant).
    *   Sense 5: "of great significance or value".
    *   In the sentence "Equally important, the initial discovery...", the discovery itself is being characterized as having great significance/value because it led to further research.
    *   Comparing "significant" (Sense 1) vs "of great significance or value" (Sense 5).
    *   Usually, "significant" in Sense 1 is used for changes, differences, or effects.
    *   "Of great significance or value" (Sense 5) is the broader, more general sense of "important".

    *   Sense 1: "important in effect or meaning" (significant).
    *   Sense 5: "of great significance or value".
    *   The discovery is "important" because it "opened a field of cancer study". This makes it significant in effect (Sense 1) and of great value (Sense 5).
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "a significant change in tax laws" (focus on the *change*).
        *   Sense 5: "the important questions of the day" (focus on the *value/significance* of the questions).
    *   The discovery is like an "important question" or "important discovery" (Sense 5) rather than a "significant change" (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: significant (effect/meaning)
    *   Sense 5: of great significance or value
    *   The discovery is a thing of value/significance. Sense 5 fits best.

    *Wait*, let me re-read Sense 1: "important in effect or meaning".
    The discovery's *effect* was opening a field of study.
    Let's look at Sense 5 again: "of great significance or value".
    In many WordNet versions, Sense 5 is the general "important" and Sense 1 is "significant" (often in a statistical or specific effect sense).

    Let's check the context again: "Equally important, the initial discovery... has opened a field of cancer study".
    This is a general statement of importance. Sense 5 is the most general.

    Sense 1: significant (effect/meaning)
    Sense 5: of great significance or value
    If I say "This discovery is important," I usually mean it has great significance (Sense 5). If I say "There was a significant increase," I mean Sense 1.

    Let's double-check Sense 3: "vital to the resolution of a crisis". The discovery isn't resolving a crisis in the immediate sense described (though cancer is a crisis, the discovery is a scientific milestone).

    Sense 5 seems the most appropriate for a general "important" describing a discovery.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discovery
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial <t>discovery</t> of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case
2. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
3. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
4. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `discovery`
    *   Target surface form: `discovery`
    *   Context: "...the initial <t>discovery</t> of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study..."

    *   Sense 1: (law) compulsory pretrial disclosure... (Legal context - Not applicable)
    *   Sense 2: a productive insight (synonyms: breakthrough, find)
    *   Sense 3: something that is discovered (The result/object of discovery)
    *   Sense 4: the act of discovering something (synonyms: find, uncovering) (The process/event of discovering)

    *   The sentence says: "the initial discovery of the gene... made by a Boston doctor... has opened a field of cancer study".
    *   Is it the *act* of discovering (Sense 4) or the *thing* discovered (Sense 3) or a *productive insight* (Sense 2)?
    *   "The initial discovery of the gene" refers to the event/act of finding the gene, which then led to the opening of a field of study.
    *   Comparing Sense 2, 3, and 4:
        *   Sense 2 (productive insight/breakthrough): This fits well because the discovery "opened a field of cancer study," making it a breakthrough.
        *   Sense 3 (something that is discovered): The "discovery" here is the gene itself? No, the gene is the object *of* the discovery. "The discovery of the gene" usually refers to the event or the breakthrough.
        *   Sense 4 (the act of discovering): This is a very strong candidate. The act of finding the gene happened.

    *   Sense 2: "a productive insight" (breakthrough).
    *   Sense 4: "the act of discovering something".
    *   In scientific contexts, "the discovery of [X]" often refers to the breakthrough event.
    *   Let's look at the phrasing: "the initial discovery of the gene... made by a Boston doctor... has opened a field of cancer study".
    *   If we replace "discovery" with "breakthrough" (Sense 2), it fits perfectly: "the initial breakthrough of the gene..." (Wait, "breakthrough of the gene" sounds slightly off; usually it's "breakthrough in the study of the gene").
    *   If we replace it with "act of discovering" (Sense 4): "the initial act of discovering the gene... has opened a field of cancer study." (Fits well).
    *   If we replace it with "something that is discovered" (Sense 3): "the initial [thing discovered] of the gene..." (Doesn't fit).

    *   Sense 2: "a productive insight" (synonyms: breakthrough, find).
    *   Sense 4: "the act of discovering something" (synonyms: find, uncovering).
    *   Often, "discovery" in science is treated as the event/act (Sense 4) or the resulting breakthrough (Sense 2).
    *   Looking at the context "initial discovery... made by a Boston doctor", "made" is a common colocation with "discovery" meaning the act or the result.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "a productive insight". The discovery of the gene isn't just an insight; it's the actual finding of the gene.
    *   Sense 4: "the act of discovering something". This is the most direct meaning of "the discovery of the gene".

    *   Sense 2: breakthrough, find.
    *   Sense 4: find, uncovering.
    *   Wait, "find" is listed for both.
    *   Let's look at the nuance. "The discovery of the gene" is the event.
    *   Sense 4 is "the act of discovering something".
    *   Sense 2 is "a productive insight".
    *   The sentence says the discovery "opened a field of cancer study". This implies it was a breakthrough.
    *   However, "the discovery of the gene" is fundamentally the act/event of finding it.

    *   Sense 3: "something that is discovered". (e.g., "The discovery of the new planet was a surprise"). In that case, the discovery *is* the planet. But here it says "discovery *of* the gene".
    *   Sense 4: "the act of discovering something". (e.g., "The discovery of the gene took years").

    *   "the initial discovery of the gene... made by a Boston doctor... has opened a field of cancer study"
    *   This refers to the event/achievement.
    *   Between Sense 2 (productive insight/breakthrough) and Sense 4 (act of discovering), Sense 4 is the more general and primary meaning of "discovery of [something]". Sense 2 is more about the *nature* of the discovery (that it was productive).
    *   Actually, looking at WordNet's typical distinctions:
        *   `discovery%1:04:00` (act)
        *   `discovery%1:09:00` (productive insight/breakthrough)
        *   `discovery%1:10:00` (the thing discovered)
    *   In "the discovery of the gene", the "discovery" is the act/event. The "gene" is the thing discovered.
    *   Therefore, Sense 4 is the most accurate.

    *   Sense 2: "a productive insight" (breakthrough).
    *   Sense 4: "the act of discovering something".
    *   If the text emphasizes that it "opened a field of cancer study," it's highlighting the *impact* (breakthrough). But the phrase "discovery of the gene" itself is the act.
    *   Let's check common usage. "The discovery of penicillin" is usually the act of discovering it.

    *   Sense 4: the act of discovering something.
    *   Sense 2: a productive insight.
    *   "The initial discovery... made by a Boston doctor" -> "The initial act of discovering... made by a Boston doctor". This is a very standard use of Sense 4.

    *   Sense 1: Law (No)
    *   Sense 2: Productive insight (Possible, but Sense 4 is more fundamental)
    *   Sense 3: Something discovered (No, the gene is the thing discovered)
    *   Sense 4: Act of discovering (Yes)

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 2 again. "a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find".
    *   If the discovery "opened a field of cancer study," it is indeed a breakthrough.
    *   But "discovery of the gene" is the act.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 4: "find, uncovering".
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 2: "breakthrough, find".
    *   This is tricky. Let's think about "the discovery of the gene". Is it the *act* or the *insight*?
    *   Finding a gene is more of an act/process of uncovering than a sudden "insight" (though it involves insight).
    *   Sense 4 seems more appropriate for "discovery of [object]".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: control
Target surface form: controls
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that <t>controls</t> retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=control%2:41:02:: | definition=check or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment or comparing with another standard | synonyms=verify | examples=Are you controlling for the temperature?
2. sense_key=control%2:31:00:: | definition=have a firm understanding or knowledge of; be on top of | synonyms=master | examples=Do you control these data?
3. sense_key=control%2:35:00:: | definition=handle and cause to function | synonyms=operate | examples=do not operate machinery after imbibing alcohol; control the lever
4. sense_key=control%2:41:01:: | definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=hold in, hold, contain, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue
5. sense_key=control%2:41:00:: | definition=exercise authoritative control or power over | synonyms=command | examples=control the budget; Command the military forces
6. sense_key=control%2:37:06:: | definition=control (others or oneself) or influence skillfully, usually to one's advantage | synonyms=manipulate, keep in line | examples=She manipulates her boss; She is a very controlling mother and doesn't let her children grow up
7. sense_key=control%2:31:01:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=see, check, insure, see to it, ensure, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
8. sense_key=control%2:31:11:: | definition=verify by using a duplicate register for comparison | examples=control an account

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `control`
    *   Target surface form: `controls`
    *   Context: "...the initial discovery of the gene that <t>controls</t> retinal cell growth..."
    *   Meaning: The gene regulates or manages the growth of retinal cells.

    *   Sense 1: check or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment... (Not applicable; this is about experimental design).
    *   Sense 2: have a firm understanding or knowledge of... (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 3: handle and cause to function (operate machinery). (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 4: lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits. (Possible, as genes often "limit" or "restrain" growth to prevent cancer).
    *   Sense 5: exercise authoritative control or power over. (Too anthropomorphic/political).
    *   Sense 6: control (others or oneself) or influence skillfully... (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 7: be careful or certain to do something... (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 8: verify by using a duplicate register... (Not applicable).

    *   The context is biological: "the gene that controls retinal cell growth".
    *   In biology, a gene "controlling" a process usually means it regulates it, which can include both promoting and inhibiting growth.
    *   Looking at the candidate senses again, Sense 4 ("lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits") is the closest to "regulate" in a biological sense, especially given the context of a "tumor-suppressor gene" mentioned earlier in the text. A tumor-suppressor gene specifically *limits* or *restrains* cell growth.

    *   Wait, let me re-read the senses. Is there a better "regulate" sense?
    *   Sense 1 is specifically for scientific experiments.
    *   Sense 4 is "lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits".
    *   Sense 5 is "exercise authoritative control or power over".
    *   Sense 6 is "influence skillfully".
    *   Looking at the provided senses, Sense 4 is the only one that fits the biological function of a tumor-suppressor gene (keeping growth within limits).

    *   "the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth"
    *   The text mentions "retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene".
    *   Tumor-suppressor genes *control* growth by preventing it from becoming uncontrolled (cancer).
    *   Sense 4: "hold or keep within limits". This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: Experimental control. (No)
    *   Sense 2: Mastery of knowledge. (No)
    *   Sense 3: Operating machinery. (No)
    *   Sense 4: Restraining/limiting. (Yes)
    *   Sense 5: Authoritative power. (No)
    *   Sense 6: Manipulating people. (No)
    *   Sense 7: Ensuring something is done. (No)
    *   Sense 8: Accounting verification. (No)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cell
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal <t>cell</t> growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell
3. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
4. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
5. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "cell"
    *   Target surface form: "cell"
    *   Context: "...the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal <t>cell</t> growth..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Small compartment (honeycomb).
        2.  Prisoner's room.
        3.  (Biology) basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
        4.  Electric current device.
        5.  Small political unit.
        6.  Mobile phone.
        7.  Monk/nun's room.

    *   The context mentions "gene", "retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene", "cancer", "retinal cell growth", and "National Cancer Institute".
    *   "Retinal cell growth" refers to the growth of the biological cells in the retina of the eye.

    *   Sense 3: "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms..." fits perfectly with the biological context of genes, tumors, and retinal growth.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: growth
Target surface form: growth
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell <t>growth</t>, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: | definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
2. sense_key=growth%1:22:00:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. sense_key=growth%1:22:01:: | definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
5. sense_key=growth%1:14:00:: | definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
6. sense_key=growth%1:11:01:: | definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00:: | definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `growth`
    *   Target surface form: `growth`
    *   Context: "...the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell <t>growth</t>, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study..."
    *   Key phrase: "gene that controls retinal cell growth"

    *   Sense 1: (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor).
    *   Sense 2: (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level. (Synonyms: growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis).
    *   Sense 3: a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important. (Synonyms: increase, increment).
    *   Sense 4: a progression from simpler to more complex forms.
    *   Sense 5: vegetation that has grown.
    *   Sense 6: the gradual beginning or coming forth.
    *   Sense 7: something grown or growing.

    *   The context discusses a gene that controls "retinal cell growth".
    *   In biology, "cell growth" refers to the process of cells increasing in size or number (proliferation).
    *   Sense 1 refers to the *result* of abnormal growth (a tumor). While the context mentions cancer and tumors, the gene controls the *process* of growth, not the tumor itself (though abnormal control leads to the tumor).
    *   Sense 2 refers to the biological process of an organism growing organically.
    *   Sense 3 refers to the process of becoming larger, longer, or more numerous.

    *   "Cell growth" is a fundamental biological process.
    *   Sense 2 is specifically labeled "(biology)" and describes the process of an organism growing organically.
    *   Sense 3 is a more general "increase" or "increment".
    *   Wait, let's look closer at Sense 2 vs Sense 3.
    *   Sense 2: "the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level".
    *   Sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important".
    *   Cell growth (proliferation) is specifically the process of cells becoming more numerous or larger.
    *   However, in a biological context, "cell growth" is often categorized under the general biological process of growth.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1: "an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)". The gene controls the growth. If the gene is a "tumor-suppressor gene", it controls the *normal* growth to prevent *abnormal* growth. The phrase "gene that controls retinal cell growth" refers to the biological process.

    *   Sense 2: Biological growth of an organism.
    *   Sense 3: General increase in size/number.
    *   Cell growth is the increase in size or number of cells. This fits Sense 3 ("becoming larger... or more numerous") very well.
    *   Does it fit Sense 2? "the process of an individual organism growing organically". A cell is the basic unit of an organism.
    *   Usually, in these datasets, "cell growth" is mapped to the biological process of increasing in size/number.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 2: growing, maturation, development.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 3: increase, increment.
    *   "Cell growth" = cell proliferation/increase in number.

    *   Sense 1: "an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)". The text says "the gene that controls retinal cell growth". This gene is a "tumor-suppressor gene". Tumor-suppressor genes control the *normal* cell cycle/growth to prevent the *abnormal* growth (Sense 1). So the "growth" being controlled is the biological process.
    *   Sense 2: "the process of an individual organism growing organically".
    *   Sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous".

    *   Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 3:
        Sense 2 is about the *organism* as a whole (maturation, development).
        Sense 3 is about the *process* of increasing in size or number.
        Cell growth is specifically the increase in size or number of cells.

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 2 again: "the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level".
    *   Cell growth is the mechanism by which an organism grows.

    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important". This is very broad.

    *   In many WordNet-based tasks, "cell growth" is associated with the biological process of growth.
    *   Let's re-read the context: "the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth".
    *   This is a biological process. Sense 2 is explicitly labeled "(biology)".

    *   Sense 1: abnormal proliferation (tumor).
    *   Sense 2: biological process of growing organically.
    *   Sense 3: general increase in size/number.

    *   If the gene controls "retinal cell growth", it controls the biological process of those cells increasing in number/size.
    *   Is "cell growth" an "individual organism growing organically" (Sense 2)? A cell is an organism in some contexts, but usually, Sense 2 refers to the development of a multicellular organism.
    *   Is "cell growth" a "process of becoming larger... or more numerous" (Sense 3)? Yes, absolutely.

    *   Let's search for "cell growth" in WordNet contexts.
    *   "Cell growth" is the increase in cell size and/or cell number.
    *   Sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous". This fits "cell growth" perfectly.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 2 again. "the process of an individual organism growing organically".
    *   If we consider the "retinal cell" as the entity, its growth is the process of it becoming larger or more numerous.

    *   Let's compare:
        Sense 2: biological maturation/development.
        Sense 3: increase in size/number.

    *   "Cell growth" is almost always the increase in size or number.

    *   Let's check Sense 1 again. "an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)".
        The gene is a "tumor-suppressor gene". It controls the growth to *prevent* the abnormal proliferation. So the "growth" it controls is the normal biological process.

    *   Between 2 and 3:
        Sense 2 is more about the *lifecycle* (maturation, development).
        Sense 3 is more about the *quantitative increase* (larger, more numerous).
        Cell growth is a quantitative increase.

    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level".
    *   This sounds more like "development" or "ontogeny".
    *   Cell growth is simply the cells getting bigger or dividing. That is Sense 3.

    *   Wait, let me look at the examples for Sense 2: "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children".
    *   Example for Sense 3: "the increase in unemployment; the growth of population".
    *   "Growth of population" is an increase in number. "Cell growth" is an increase in number (proliferation).

    *   Therefore, Sense 3 is the most accurate description of "cell growth" (becoming more numerous).

    *   Target: "retinal cell growth"
    *   Sense 1: abnormal proliferation (tumor) - No, the gene controls the process to prevent this.
    *   Sense 2: biological maturation/development - No, that's more about the whole organism.
    *   Sense 3: process of becoming larger or more numerous - Yes, this describes cell growth (proliferation).
    *   Sense 4: progression from simpler to more complex - No.
    *   Sense 5: vegetation - No.
    *   Sense 6: emergence - No.
    *   Sense 7: something grown (like hair) - No.

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 2 one more time. Could "cell growth" be considered "growing organically"? Yes. But "becoming more numerous" (Sense 3) is a more precise fit for "cell growth" (proliferation).

    *   Let's think about "cell growth" in a medical/biological context. It's the increase in cell size and number.
    *   Sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous".
    *   This is a very strong match.

    *   Is there any reason to prefer Sense 2? Sense 2 is specifically labeled "(biology)".
    *   However, the definition of Sense 2 focuses on "changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level" and "maturation". Cell growth isn't necessarily about becoming more complex; it's about increasing in number or size.

    *   Let's re-verify Sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important".
    *   "Growth of population" (example) is very similar to "growth of cells".

    *   Conclusion: Sense 3 is the best fit.