[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: young
Target surface form: young
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of <t>young</t> people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 | definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | synonyms=youthful, vernal | examples=he is young for his age
2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry; the day is still young
3. sense_key=young%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people
4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=not tried or tested by experience | synonyms=unseasoned, untested, untried | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle
5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=new | examples=new potatoes; young corn

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `young`
    *   Target surface form: `young`
    *   Context: "...The result is a generation of <t>young</t> people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `young%5:00:01:young:00`: suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh (youthful).
        2.  `young%5:00:00:new:00`: being in its early stage (e.g., a young industry).
        3.  `young%3:00:00::`: (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth (immature). Example: "young people".
        4.  `young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00`: not tried or tested by experience (unseasoned).
        5.  `young%5:00:00:early:02`: (of crops) harvested at an early stage of development.

    *   The phrase is "young people".
    *   The context discusses children, elementary schools, and a generation of people.
    *   It refers to the age/stage of life of the people.

    *   Sense 1: "suggestive of youth" (youthful) - This is more about appearance or spirit.
    *   Sense 2: "early stage" (industry) - Not applicable to people in this way.
    *   Sense 3: "in an early period of life or development or growth" - This fits perfectly. The example given in the sense definition is "young people".
    *   Sense 4: "inexperienced" - While the text mentions "ignorance and intellectual incompetence", the word "young" in "young people" primarily denotes their age/stage of life, not just their lack of experience.
    *   Sense 5: "crops" - Not applicable.

    *   Sense 3 is the most direct and accurate fit for "young people" in the context of age/generation.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young <t>people</t> whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
2. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
3. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "people"
    *   Target surface form: "people"
    *   Context: "...The result is a generation of young <t>people</t> whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `people%1:14:02`: members of a family line.
        2.  `people%1:14:00`: (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively.
        3.  `people%1:14:01`: the body of citizens of a state or country (citizenry).
        4.  `people%1:14:03`: the common people generally (multitude, masses).

    *   The phrase is "a generation of young people".
    *   "Young people" refers to human beings of a certain age group.
    *   It does not refer to a specific family line (Sense 1).
    *   It does not refer to the citizenry of a state (Sense 3).
    *   It does not refer to "the masses" or "the common people" in a socio-political sense (Sense 4).
    *   It refers to a group of human beings (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 2: "(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively". This fits "young people" perfectly.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: incompetence
Target surface form: incompetence
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual <t>incompetence</t> is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=incompetence%1:07:00:: | definition=lack of physical or intellectual ability or qualifications | synonyms=incompetency
2. sense_key=incompetence%1:26:00:: | definition=inability of a part or organ to function properly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `incompetence`
    *   Target surface form: `incompetence`
    *   Context: "...The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual <t>incompetence</t> is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `incompetence%1:07:00::`: lack of physical or intellectual ability or qualifications.
        2.  `incompetence%1:26:00::`: inability of a part or organ to function properly.

    *   The word "incompetence" is modified by the adjective "intellectual".
    *   It is paired with "ignorance".
    *   It refers to "a generation of young people".
    *   The context discusses education, creativity, and disciplined instruction.

    *   Sense 1: "lack of physical or intellectual ability or qualifications". This fits perfectly with "intellectual incompetence" and the context of education and ignorance.
    *   Sense 2: "inability of a part or organ to function properly". This is a medical/biological sense (e.g., cardiac incompetence). It does not fit the context of intellectual ability.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: match
Target surface form: matched
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is <t>matched</t> only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=match%2:40:00:: | definition=provide funds complementary to | examples=The company matched the employees' contributions
2. sense_key=match%2:42:00:: | definition=be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics | synonyms=fit, correspond, check, jibe, gibe, tally | examples=The two stories don't agree in many details; The handwriting checks with the signature on the check
3. sense_key=match%2:42:01:: | definition=be equal to in quality or ability | synonyms=equal, touch, rival | examples=Nothing can rival cotton for durability; Your performance doesn't even touch that of your colleagues
4. sense_key=match%2:30:01:: | definition=make correspond or harmonize | synonyms=fit | examples=Match my sweater
5. sense_key=match%2:35:10:: | definition=give or join in marriage
6. sense_key=match%2:41:00:: | definition=satisfy or fulfill | synonyms=meet, cope with | examples=meet a need; this job doesn't match my dreams
7. sense_key=match%2:35:08:: | definition=bring two objects, ideas, or people together | synonyms=mate, couple, pair, twin | examples=This fact is coupled to the other one; Matchmaker, can you match my daughter with a nice young man?
8. sense_key=match%2:30:07:: | definition=make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching | synonyms=equal, equalize, equalise, equate | examples=let's equalize the duties among all employees in this office; The company matched the discount policy of its competitors
9. sense_key=match%2:30:00:: | definition=be equal or harmonize | examples=The two pieces match
10. sense_key=match%2:33:00:: | definition=set into opposition or rivalry | synonyms=pit, oppose, play off | examples=let them match their best athletes against ours; pit a chess player against the Russian champion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `match`
    *   Target surface form: `matched`
    *   Context: "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is <t>matched</t> only by their good opinion of themselves."

    *   The sentence says "ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."
    *   This means the level of ignorance/incompetence is equal to the level of their good opinion of themselves.
    *   It's a comparison of quality or degree (extent of ignorance vs. extent of self-opinion).

    *   Sense 1: provide funds complementary to (Financial - No)
    *   Sense 2: be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics (e.g., stories don't agree - No, this is more about consistency/agreement)
    *   Sense 3: be equal to in quality or ability (synonyms: equal, touch, rival; example: "Nothing can rival cotton for durability") - This fits well. The ignorance is equaled/rivaled by the self-opinion.
    *   Sense 4: make correspond or harmonize (e.g., match my sweater - No)
    *   Sense 5: give or join in marriage (No)
    *   Sense 6: satisfy or fulfill (e.g., meet a need - No)
    *   Sense 7: bring two objects, ideas, or people together (No)
    *   Sense 8: make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching (active voice usually, e.g., "The company matched the discount policy" - No)
    *   Sense 9: be equal or harmonize (e.g., "The two pieces match" - This is similar to Sense 2/3, but Sense 3 specifically mentions quality/ability/rivalry).
    *   Sense 10: set into opposition or rivalry (No)

    *   Sense 3: "be equal to in quality or ability" (synonyms: equal, touch, rival).
    *   Sense 9: "be equal or harmonize".
    *   In the context "ignorance... is matched only by...", the meaning is that nothing else is as great as the ignorance, except for the self-opinion. This is a comparison of degree/intensity, which aligns perfectly with "rival" or "equal" in terms of quality/ability/extent.

    *   "Nothing can rival cotton for durability" (Sense 3) is structurally very similar to "Ignorance is matched only by their good opinion" (meaning only the good opinion can rival the ignorance).

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched <t>only</t> by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
2. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
3. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
6. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
7. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "only"
    *   Target surface form: "only"
    *   Context: "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched <t>only</t> by their good opinion of themselves."

    *   The sentence says: "ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves."
    *   This means that the *only* thing that matches (or equals) their ignorance/incompetence is their good opinion of themselves.
    *   In other words, nothing else matches it except their good opinion of themselves.
    *   This implies exclusivity.

    *   Sense 1: "never except when" (conditional) - No.
    *   Sense 2: "and nothing more" (merely, simply, just) - "matched merely by their good opinion" (doesn't quite fit the exclusivity of the match).
    *   Sense 3: "as recently as" (time) - No.
    *   Sense 4: "in the final outcome" - No.
    *   Sense 5: "without any others being included or involved" (entirely, exclusively, solely, alone) - "matched exclusively by their good opinion" - This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 6: "except that" - No.
    *   Sense 7: "with nevertheless the final result" - No.

    *   "matched only by" = "matched solely by" or "matched exclusively by".
    *   This aligns with Sense 5: "without any others being included or involved".

    *   Sense 2 (merely/simply) usually minimizes the importance of the thing.
    *   Sense 5 (exclusively/solely) emphasizes that there is no other thing.
    *   In "matched only by", the author is saying that the *only* thing that equals the level of ignorance is the level of self-opinion. This is an exclusive relationship.

    *   Sense 5: "without any others being included or involved" (synonyms: entirely, exclusively, solely, alone).
    *   Example: "was entirely to blame".
    *   Context: "matched only by their good opinion" -> "matched solely by their good opinion".

    *   Sense 5 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: good
Target surface form: good
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their <t>good</t> opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=good%5:00:00:discriminating:00 | definition=generally admired | examples=good taste
2. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=resulting favorably | synonyms=well | examples=it's a good thing that I wasn't there; it is good that you stayed
3. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthful:00 | definition=tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health | synonyms=salutary | examples=beneficial effects of a balanced diet; a good night's sleep
4. sense_key=good%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=effective, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
5. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fresh:01 | definition=not left to spoil | synonyms=undecomposed, unspoiled, unspoilt | examples=the meat is still good
6. sense_key=good%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=not forged | synonyms=honest | examples=a good dollar bill
7. sense_key=good%5:00:00:reputable:00 | definition=deserving of esteem and respect | synonyms=estimable, honorable, respectable | examples=all respectable companies give guarantees; ruined the family's good name
8. sense_key=good%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=promoting or enhancing well-being | synonyms=beneficial | examples=an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries; the beneficial effects of a temperate climate
9. sense_key=good%5:00:00:nice:00 | definition=agreeable or pleasing | examples=we all had a good time; good manners
10. sense_key=good%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=capable of pleasing | examples=good looks
11. sense_key=good%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=thorough | examples=had a good workout; gave the house a good cleaning
12. sense_key=good%5:00:00:intellectual:00 | definition=appealing to the mind | synonyms=serious | examples=good music; a serious book
13. sense_key=good%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, practiced, proficient, skillful, skilful | examples=adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler
14. sense_key=good%3:00:02:: | definition=morally admirable
15. sense_key=good%5:00:00:close:02 | definition=with or in a close or intimate relationship | synonyms=dear, near | examples=a good friend; my sisters and brothers are near and dear
16. sense_key=good%5:00:00:opportune:00 | definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | synonyms=right, ripe | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes; the right time to act
17. sense_key=good%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | synonyms=full | examples=gives full measure; gives good measure
18. sense_key=good%5:00:01:sound:00 | definition=financially sound | synonyms=dependable, safe, secure | examples=a good investment; a secure investment
19. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=in excellent physical condition | synonyms=sound | examples=good teeth; I still have one good leg
20. sense_key=good%3:00:01:: | definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | examples=good news from the hospital; a good report card
21. sense_key=good%5:00:00:righteous:00 | definition=of moral excellence | synonyms=just, upright | examples=a genuinely good person; a just cause

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 20}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 20}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "good"
    *   Context: "...a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their <t>good</t> opinion of themselves."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "good opinion of themselves" refers to a high, positive, or favorable view of oneself. It's often used ironically here to contrast with "ignorance and intellectual incompetence."

    *   1: discriminating (generally admired, e.g., good taste) - No.
    *   2: fortunate (resulting favorably) - No.
    *   3: healthful (promoting physical well-being) - No.
    *   4: operative (exerting force) - No.
    *   5: fresh (not spoiled) - No.
    *   6: genuine (not forged) - No.
    *   7: reputable (deserving of esteem and respect) - This is close, but "reputable" usually applies to people or companies, not an "opinion."
    *   8: advantageous (promoting well-being) - No.
    *   9: nice (agreeable or pleasing) - No.
    *   10: pleasing (capable of pleasing) - No.
    *   11: complete (thorough) - No.
    *   12: intellectual (appealing to the mind) - No.
    *   13: skilled (knowledge and skill) - No.
    *   14: morally admirable - No.
    *   15: close (intimate relationship) - No.
    *   16: opportune (most suitable) - No.
    *   17: ample (normally expected amount) - No.
    *   18: sound (financially sound) - No.
    *   19: healthy (excellent physical condition) - No.
    *   20: having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified - This is a general sense of "good" (positive qualities).
    *   21: righteous (moral excellence) - No.

    *   The phrase "good opinion of oneself" means a positive or favorable view.
    *   Looking at the options again, Sense 20 ("having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified") is the most general and fits best when "good" describes a positive quality of the "opinion" (i.e., a high opinion).
    *   Wait, let me re-examine Sense 7 (reputable: deserving of esteem and respect). "Good name" is an example. But "good opinion" isn't exactly "reputable opinion."
    *   Let's look at Sense 20 again: "having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified." A "good opinion" is one that is positive/favorable.

    *   Is there a better sense?
    *   "Good opinion" = high opinion.
    *   Sense 20: "having desirable or positive qualities". A positive opinion.
    *   Sense 9: "agreeable or pleasing".
    *   Sense 10: "capable of pleasing".
    *   Sense 7: "deserving of esteem and respect".

    *   In the phrase "good opinion of themselves," "good" means positive or favorable.
    *   Sense 20 is the general "positive qualities" sense.

    *   Sense 20: "having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified".
    *   Example: "good news", "good report card".
    *   A "good opinion" fits this pattern (a positive opinion).

    *   Sense 1: discriminating (good taste) - No.
    *   Sense 7: reputable (good name) - No.
    *   Sense 20: positive qualities (good news) - Yes.

    *   The author is being sarcastic. The "good opinion" is actually unwarranted, but the word "good" itself in the phrase "good opinion" means "positive" or "high."

    *   Sense 20 is the most fitting general sense for "positive/favorable."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: opinion
Target surface form: opinion
Context:
Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good <t>opinion</t> of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=opinion%1:09:00:: | definition=a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty | synonyms=sentiment, persuasion, view, thought | examples=my opinion differs from yours; I am not of your persuasion
2. sense_key=opinion%1:09:01:: | definition=a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people | synonyms=public opinion, popular opinion, vox populi | examples=he asked for a poll of public opinion
3. sense_key=opinion%1:04:01:: | definition=the reason for a court's judgment (as opposed to the decision itself) | synonyms=ruling
4. sense_key=opinion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, notion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
5. sense_key=opinion%1:10:01:: | definition=a message expressing a belief about something; the expression of a belief that is held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof | synonyms=view | examples=his opinions appeared frequently on the editorial page
6. sense_key=opinion%1:10:00:: | definition=the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision | synonyms=legal opinion, judgment, judgement | examples=opinions are usually written by a single judge

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `opinion`
    *   Target surface form: `opinion`
    *   Context: "...The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good <t>opinion</t> of themselves."

    *   Sense 1: `opinion%1:09:00::` - a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty (synonyms: sentiment, persuasion, view, thought).
    *   Sense 2: `opinion%1:09:01::` - a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people (synonyms: public opinion, popular opinion, vox populi).
    *   Sense 3: `opinion%1:04:01::` - the reason for a court's judgment (synonyms: ruling).
    *   Sense 4: `opinion%1:09:02::` - a vague idea in which some confidence is placed (synonyms: impression, feeling, belief, notion). Example: "his impression of her was favorable".
    *   Sense 5: `opinion%1:10:01::` - a message expressing a belief about something (synonyms: view).
    *   Sense 6: `opinion%1:10:00::` - the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision (synonyms: legal opinion, judgment).

    *   The phrase is "their good opinion of themselves".
    *   This refers to how they perceive themselves, their self-assessment, or their self-impression.
    *   It's not a legal ruling (Senses 3, 6).
    *   It's not public opinion (Sense 2).
    *   It's not a message expressing a belief (Sense 5).
    *   It's between Sense 1 (personal belief/judgment) and Sense 4 (vague idea/impression).

    *   Sense 1: "a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty".
    *   Sense 4: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed". Synonyms: "impression, feeling, belief, notion". Example: "his impression of her was favorable".

    *   "Good opinion of themselves" is very similar to "favorable impression of themselves".
    *   Sense 4's example "his impression of her was favorable" matches the structure "their good opinion of themselves" almost perfectly.
    *   Sense 1 is more about a specific view on a topic (e.g., "my opinion differs from yours").

    *   Sense 4 fits the "impression/feeling" aspect of self-perception better than the "judgment/belief" aspect of Sense 1 in this specific idiomatic usage ("to have a high/good opinion of someone").

    *   Sense 1: personal belief/judgment.
    *   Sense 4: vague idea/impression.
    *   "Good opinion of themselves" = high self-esteem/favorable impression.
    *   Looking at the synonyms for Sense 4: "impression, feeling, belief, notion".
    *   Looking at the synonyms for Sense 1: "sentiment, persuasion, view, thought".
    *   The example "his impression of her was favorable" is the strongest clue. "Good opinion of themselves" is essentially "favorable impression of themselves".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: whole
Target surface form: whole
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The <t>whole</t> notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=exhibiting or restored to vigorous good health | synonyms=hale | examples=hale and hearty; whole in mind and body
2. sense_key=whole%3:00:00:: | definition=including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete | examples=gave his whole attention; a whole wardrobe for the tropics
3. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:undiversified:00 | definition=acting together as a single undiversified whole | synonyms=solid, unanimous | examples=a solid voting bloc
4. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:uninjured:00 | definition=not injured | synonyms=unharmed, unhurt, unscathed
5. sense_key=whole%3:00:02:: | definition=(of siblings) having the same parents | examples=whole brothers and sisters

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "whole"
    *   Target surface form: "whole"
    *   Context: "The <t>whole</t> notion of 'creativity' in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Healthy (hale)
        2.  Including all components without exception; complete (e.g., "whole attention")
        3.  Acting together as a single undiversified whole (e.g., "solid voting bloc")
        4.  Not injured (unharmed)
        5.  Having the same parents (siblings)

    *   The sentence is: "The whole notion of 'creativity' in education was..."
    *   Here, "whole" modifies "notion".
    *   It means the entire concept, the complete idea, or the totality of the notion.

    *   Sense 1 (healthy): Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 2 (including all components/complete): Fits well. "The complete notion" or "the entire notion".
    *   Sense 3 (undiversified/solid): This refers to a group acting as one (like a voting bloc). While "notion" is a single thing, "whole" here isn't describing a group acting in unison, but rather the entirety of a single concept.
    *   Sense 4 (uninjured): Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 5 (siblings): Doesn't fit.

    *   Sense 2: "including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete".
    *   Example: "gave his whole attention".
    *   Applying to context: "The whole notion" = "The complete notion" or "The entire extent of the notion". This is a perfect match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: notion
Target surface form: notion
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole <t>notion</t> of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: | definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
2. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions
3. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: | definition=a general inclusive concept
4. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `notion`
    *   Target surface form: `notion`
    *   Context: "The whole <t>notion</t> of 'creativity' in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `notion%1:09:01::`: an odd or fanciful or capricious idea (whim, whimsy).
        2.  `notion%1:06:00::`: small personal articles or clothing or sewing items.
        3.  `notion%1:09:00::`: a general inclusive concept.
        4.  `notion%1:09:02::`: a vague idea in which some confidence is placed (impression, feeling, belief, opinion).

    *   The sentence discusses the "whole notion of 'creativity' in education."
    *   The author is critiquing the way "creativity" is understood and applied in schools.
    *   The author argues that "creativity" is equated with "self-expression" and "self-esteem," and that this overall concept is part of a "romantic rebellion."
    *   The word "notion" here refers to the general idea or concept of "creativity in education."

    *   Sense 1 (whim/fanciful idea): While the author calls it "romantic extravagance," the word "notion" itself refers to the conceptual framework of "creativity in education," not a sudden whim.
    *   Sense 2 (sewing items): Completely irrelevant.
    *   Sense 3 (general inclusive concept): This fits well. The "notion of 'creativity' in education" is the general concept being discussed.
    *   Sense 4 (vague idea/impression): This is a strong candidate because the author argues that "no one can say" what is meant by creativity, implying it's vague. However, "the whole notion of [X]" usually refers to the concept itself rather than a personal impression or feeling.

    *   Sense 3: "a general inclusive concept"
    *   Sense 4: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed"
    *   The phrase "The whole notion of 'creativity' in education" refers to the overarching concept/idea that has been adopted. While the author thinks the concept is vague, the word "notion" is used to identify the concept itself.
    *   Comparing "concept" (Sense 3) vs "vague idea/belief" (Sense 4).
    *   In academic or critical writing, "the notion of X" often means "the concept of X."

    *   Sense 3 is the most neutral and accurate description of "the notion of [concept]".
    *   Sense 4 is more about a personal feeling or a specific belief ("his impression of her").
    *   Sense 1 is too specific (whim).

    *   The author is talking about the conceptualization of creativity in education. This is a "general inclusive concept" (Sense 3).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in <t>education</t> was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
2. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
3. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
4. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department
5. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
6. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `education`
    *   Target surface form: `education`
    *   Context: "The whole notion of 'creativity' in <t>education</t> was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `education%1:09:00::`: knowledge acquired by learning and instruction.
        2.  `education%1:07:01::`: result of good upbringing (social behavior).
        3.  `education%1:04:00::`: activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill (synonyms: instruction, teaching, pedagogy).
        4.  `education%1:14:00::`: US federal department.
        5.  `education%1:09:01::`: gradual process of acquiring knowledge.
        6.  `education%1:04:01::`: profession of teaching.

    *   The sentence discusses "creativity in education" as a "rebellion against disciplined instruction."
    *   It's talking about the *way* children are taught, the *system* or *activity* of instructing them.
    *   It contrasts "creativity in education" with "disciplined instruction."

    *   Sense 1 (knowledge acquired): This refers to the *result* (the knowledge itself). "Creativity in knowledge acquired" doesn't fit as well as "creativity in the process of teaching."
    *   Sense 2 (upbringing): Not about social etiquette/breeding.
    *   Sense 3 (activities of educating/instructing): This fits perfectly. "Creativity in the activities of educating/instructing" (pedagogy/teaching). The context explicitly mentions "disciplined instruction" as the opposite.
    *   Sense 4 (US Department): Not referring to a government agency.
    *   Sense 5 (gradual process of acquiring knowledge): This is the learner's perspective. While possible, the context focuses on the *approach* to teaching (instruction, pedagogy).
    *   Sense 6 (profession of teaching): This refers to the career/job. While related, "creativity in education" here refers more to the practice/methodology (pedagogy) than the professional status of teachers.

    *   Sense 3: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill" (synonyms: instruction, teaching, pedagogy).
    *   The context says "creativity in education" was a rebellion against "disciplined instruction."
    *   Since "instruction" is a synonym for Sense 3, and the text contrasts "creativity in education" with "disciplined instruction," Sense 3 is the most precise fit.

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: romantic
Target surface form: romantic
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a <t>romantic</t> rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=romantic%5:00:01:loving:00 | definition=expressive of or exciting sexual love or romance | synonyms=amatory, amorous | examples=her amatory affairs; amorous glances
2. sense_key=romantic%3:01:00:: | definition=belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts | synonyms=romanticist, romanticistic | examples=romantic poetry
3. sense_key=romantic%5:00:00:impractical:00 | definition=not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic | synonyms=quixotic, wild-eyed | examples=as quixotic as a restoration of medieval knighthood; a romantic disregard for money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "romantic"
    *   Context: "The whole notion of 'creativity' in education was (and is) part and parcel of a <t>romantic</t> rebellion against disciplined instruction... It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive."
    *   Meaning in context: The author is criticizing a "rebellion against disciplined instruction" and calling it "romantic extravagance." This suggests that the idea of "creativity" as defined here is unrealistic, idealistic, or impractical, rather than being about sexual love (Sense 1) or specifically about the 18th/19th-century Romantic Movement in arts (Sense 2), although there's a conceptual link between the movement and the idea of innate potential. However, the primary meaning here is "idealistic and unrealistic" (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 1: Loving/sexual love (amatory, amorous). -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: Romanticism/Romantic Movement in arts (romanticist). -> While the "rebellion against disciplined instruction" echoes Romanticism, the context describes a general attitude of impractical idealism ("romantic extravagance").
    *   Sense 3: Impractical/idealistic/unrealistic (quixotic, wild-eyed). -> This fits perfectly. The author is arguing that the notion of "creativity" in this context is an unrealistic ideal that leads to "ignorance and intellectual incompetence."

    *   The author uses "romantic rebellion" and "romantic extravagance" to describe a misguided, idealistic approach to education. This aligns with "not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rebellion
Target surface form: rebellion
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic <t>rebellion</t> against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rebellion%1:04:01:: | definition=refusal to accept some authority or code or convention | examples=each generation must have its own rebellion; his body was in rebellion against fatigue
2. sense_key=rebellion%1:04:00:: | definition=organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another | synonyms=insurrection, revolt, rising, uprising

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `rebellion`
    *   Target surface form: `rebellion`
    *   Context: "...The whole notion of 'creativity' in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic <t>rebellion</t> against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as 'authoritarian,' a repression and frustration of the latent talents..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `rebellion%1:04:01::`: refusal to accept some authority or code or convention (Example: "each generation must have its own rebellion")
        2.  `rebellion%1:04:00::`: organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another (Synonyms: insurrection, revolt, rising, uprising)

    *   The context describes a "romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction."
    *   It's talking about a shift in educational philosophy, a rejection of "disciplined instruction" because it's seen as "authoritarian."
    *   Is this an "organized opposition to authority" in the sense of an insurrection or revolt (Sense 2)? No. There are no armies, no attempts to "wrest control" in a political or military sense.
    *   Is this a "refusal to accept some authority or code or convention" (Sense 1)? Yes. The "code or convention" here is "disciplined instruction." The "romantic rebellion" refers to the intellectual or cultural rejection of a specific educational approach.

    *   Sense 1: Refusal to accept authority/code/convention. Fits perfectly with the rejection of disciplined instruction.
    *   Sense 2: Organized opposition/insurrection/revolt. Too strong; implies a physical or political conflict.

    *   The best fit is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: disciplined
Target surface form: disciplined
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against <t>disciplined</t> instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=disciplined%5:00:00:controlled:00 | definition=obeying the rules
2. sense_key=disciplined%5:00:00:trained:00 | definition=trained mentally or physically by instruction or exercise | examples=the beautiful coordination of his disciplined muscles; a disciplined mind

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "disciplined"
    *   Context: "...part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against <t>disciplined</t> instruction, which was (and is) regarded as 'authoritarian,' a repression and frustration of the latent talents..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `disciplined%5:00:00:controlled:00`: obeying the rules.
        2.  `disciplined%5:00:00:trained:00`: trained mentally or physically by instruction or exercise.

    *   The word "disciplined" modifies "instruction".
    *   The text contrasts "creativity" (equated with self-expression and self-esteem) with "disciplined instruction".
    *   "Disciplined instruction" is described as being regarded as "authoritarian," "repression," and "frustration."
    *   In the context of education/instruction, "disciplined" usually refers to a structured, rigorous, or systematic method of training/teaching (sense 2) rather than simply "obeying rules" (sense 1), although the "authoritarian" label suggests a focus on control.
    *   However, let's look closer at the definitions:
        *   Sense 1: "obeying the rules" (usually describes a person or a group).
        *   Sense 2: "trained mentally or physically by instruction or exercise" (can describe a mind, muscles, or the process of training).
    *   "Disciplined instruction" refers to a method of teaching that is rigorous, structured, and focused on training the mind through specific exercises or rules. This aligns better with "trained mentally... by instruction" (Sense 2).
    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate. Is "disciplined instruction" instruction that *is* controlled/obeying rules, or instruction that *produces* a trained mind?
    *   Usually, "disciplined study" or "disciplined instruction" refers to a rigorous, systematic approach (Sense 2).
    *   Sense 1 ("obeying the rules") is more about behavior (e.g., "a disciplined soldier").
    *   Sense 2 ("trained mentally or physically by instruction or exercise") fits the context of "instruction" (education) much better.

    *   Sense 1: obeying the rules.
    *   Sense 2: trained mentally or physically by instruction or exercise.
    *   "Disciplined instruction" = instruction that is rigorous, systematic, and focused on mental training. This fits Sense 2.

    *   The author is criticizing the move away from traditional, rigorous education ("disciplined instruction") toward a vague notion of "creativity."
    *   "Disciplined" here means structured, rigorous, and systematic training.
    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "trained mentally... by instruction."

    *   Sense 1: "obeying the rules" (behavioral).
    *   Sense 2: "trained mentally or physically by instruction or exercise" (methodological/resultant).
    *   "Disciplined instruction" refers to the method of training.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: instruction
Target surface form: instruction
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined <t>instruction</t>, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=instruction%1:04:01:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=education, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=instruction%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a line of code written as part of a computer program | synonyms=command, statement, program line
3. sense_key=instruction%1:10:04:: | definition=a message describing how something is to be done | synonyms=direction | examples=he gave directions faster than she could follow them
4. sense_key=instruction%1:04:00:: | definition=the profession of a teacher | synonyms=teaching, pedagogy | examples=he prepared for teaching while still in college; pedagogy is recognized as an important profession

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `instruction`
    *   Target surface form: `instruction`
    *   Context: "...The whole notion of 'creativity' in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined <t>instruction</t>, which was (and is) regarded as 'authoritarian,' a repression and frustration of the latent talents..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `instruction%1:04:01::`: the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill (synonyms: education, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity).
        2.  `instruction%1:10:02::`: (computer science) a line of code written as part of a computer program.
        3.  `instruction%1:10:04::`: a message describing how something is to be done (synonyms: direction).
        4.  `instruction%1:04:00::`: the profession of a teacher (synonyms: teaching, pedagogy).

    *   The context discusses "creativity in education," "elementary schools," and a "rebellion against disciplined instruction."
    *   The "instruction" being referred to is the process of teaching or educating children in a disciplined manner.
    *   It is contrasted with "creativity" and "self-expression."
    *   It is described as being regarded as "authoritarian."

    *   Sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill." This fits perfectly. "Disciplined instruction" refers to the structured activities of teaching.
    *   Sense 2: Computer science. Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: A message describing how something is to be done (like directions). While "instruction" can mean this, in the context of "disciplined instruction" in education, it refers to the overall process of teaching, not a single set of directions.
    *   Sense 4: "the profession of a teacher." The text is talking about the *act* or *method* of teaching (disciplined instruction), not the *profession* itself.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit because it describes the activity of educating/teaching, which aligns with the context of "disciplined instruction" in schools.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: authoritarian
Target surface form: authoritarian
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "<t>authoritarian</t>, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=authoritarian%5:00:00:undemocratic:00 | definition=characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule; having absolute sovereignty | synonyms=autocratic, dictatorial, despotic, tyrannic, tyrannical | examples=an authoritarian regime; autocratic government
2. sense_key=authoritarian%5:00:00:domineering:00 | definition=expecting unquestioning obedience | synonyms=dictatorial, overbearing | examples=the timid child of authoritarian parents; insufferably overbearing behavior toward the waiter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `authoritarian`
    *   Target surface form: `authoritarian`
    *   Context: "...disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as 'authoritarian,' a repression and frustration of the latent talents..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `undemocratic`: characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule; having absolute sovereignty (e.g., authoritarian regime).
        2.  `domineering`: expecting unquestioning obedience (e.g., authoritarian parents).

    *   The word "authoritarian" describes "disciplined instruction" in the context of education and parenting.
    *   It is contrasted with "creativity" and "self-expression."
    *   It is linked to "repression and frustration of latent talents."
    *   This context refers to a style of teaching or parenting that demands obedience and control, rather than a political system of government (absolute rule/sovereignty).

    *   Sense 1 focuses on political systems (absolute ruler, regime, sovereignty).
    *   Sense 2 focuses on interpersonal behavior/style (expecting unquestioning obedience, domineering, parents).

    *   The context is about "disciplined instruction" in schools and the views of parents. This aligns perfectly with Sense 2 (domineering/expecting unquestioning obedience), as it describes a pedagogical approach, not a national government.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: repression
Target surface form: repression
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a <t>repression</t> and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=repression%1:22:00:: | definition=(psychiatry) the classical defense mechanism that protects you from impulses or ideas that would cause anxiety by preventing them from becoming conscious
2. sense_key=repression%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of repressing; control by holding down | examples=his goal was the repression of insolence
3. sense_key=repression%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of forcible subjugation | examples=the long repression of Christian sects

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `repression`
    *   Target surface form: `repression`
    *   Context: "...disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as 'authoritarian,' a <t>repression</t> and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."

    *   Sense 1: (psychiatry) defense mechanism protecting from anxiety-inducing impulses/ideas by keeping them unconscious.
    *   Sense 2: the act of repressing; control by holding down (Example: repression of insolence).
    *   Sense 3: a state of forcible subjugation (Example: repression of Christian sects).

    *   The context describes "disciplined instruction" being viewed as "authoritarian" and a "repression and frustration of the latent talents".
    *   It's talking about the act of holding back or suppressing natural abilities/talents.
    *   Sense 1 (psychiatry) is too specific to the unconscious mind.
    *   Sense 3 (forcible subjugation) usually refers to political or social oppression of a group of people.
    *   Sense 2 (the act of repressing; control by holding down) fits best here, as it describes the act of suppressing or holding down the development of talents.

    *   Sense 2: "the act of repressing; control by holding down". This aligns perfectly with the idea of "repression and frustration of the latent talents".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: frustration
Target surface form: frustration
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and <t>frustration</t> of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=frustration%1:12:00:: | definition=the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals | synonyms=defeat
2. sense_key=frustration%1:12:01:: | definition=a feeling of annoyance at being hindered or criticized | examples=her constant complaints were the main source of his frustration
3. sense_key=frustration%1:04:02:: | definition=an act of hindering someone's plans or efforts | synonyms=thwarting, foiling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `frustration`
    *   Target surface form: `frustration`
    *   Context: "...a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as 'authoritarian,' a repression and <t>frustration</t> of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."

    *   Sense 1: `frustration%1:12:00::` - the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals (Synonym: defeat).
    *   Sense 2: `frustration%1:12:01::` - a feeling of annoyance at being hindered or criticized (Example: her constant complaints were the main source of his frustration).
    *   Sense 3: `frustration%1:04:02::` - an act of hindering someone's plans or efforts (Synonyms: thwarting, foiling).

    *   The sentence describes "disciplined instruction" as being regarded as "authoritarian," "a repression and frustration of the latent talents...".
    *   Here, "frustration" is paired with "repression."
    *   "Repression" in this context means the act of suppressing or preventing something from developing.
    *   Therefore, "frustration" here refers to the *act* of hindering or preventing the development of latent talents, not the *feeling* of being hindered.

    *   Sense 1 is a feeling.
    *   Sense 2 is a feeling.
    *   Sense 3 is an act of hindering.

    *   The context "repression and frustration of the latent talents" clearly points to the act of thwarting or hindering the development of those talents. This matches Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: latent
Target surface form: latent
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the <t>latent</t> talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=latent%5:00:00:inactive:02 | definition=(pathology) not presently active | examples=latent infection; latent diabetes
2. sense_key=latent%5:00:00:potential:00 | definition=potentially existing but not presently evident or realized | examples=a latent fingerprint; latent talent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "latent"
    *   Context: "...a repression and frustration of the <t>latent</t> talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `latent%5:00:00:inactive:02`: (pathology) not presently active (e.g., latent infection).
        2.  `latent%5:00:00:potential:00`: potentially existing but not presently evident or realized (e.g., latent fingerprint; latent talent).

    *   The word "latent" modifies "talents".
    *   The sentence discusses "potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children".
    *   This refers to abilities or talents that exist but haven't been developed or manifested yet.

    *   Sense 1 is specific to pathology (medical). "Talents" are not a pathology.
    *   Sense 2 refers to something potentially existing but not yet evident or realized. It explicitly lists "latent talent" as an example.

    *   Sense 2 is the perfect fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: talent
Target surface form: talents
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent <t>talents</t> and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=talent%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who possesses unusual innate ability in some field or activity
2. sense_key=talent%1:09:00:: | definition=natural abilities or qualities | synonyms=endowment, gift, natural endowment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `talent`
    *   Target surface form: `talents`
    *   Context: "...a repression and frustration of the latent <t>talents</t> and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `talent%1:18:00::`: a person who possesses unusual innate ability in some field or activity (e.g., "the show is looking for new talent").
        2.  `talent%1:09:00::`: natural abilities or qualities (synonyms: endowment, gift, natural endowment).

    *   The sentence refers to "latent talents" and "potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   "Latent talents" refers to the *abilities* themselves, not the *people* who possess them.
    *   Sense 1 refers to a *person* (e.g., "He is a talent").
    *   Sense 2 refers to *natural abilities or qualities* (e.g., "She has a talent for music").

    *   The context "latent talents" clearly points to the abilities/qualities (Sense 2) rather than the people (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 2 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yet
Target surface form: yet
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as <t>yet</t> undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yet%4:02:06:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, still, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
2. sense_key=yet%4:02:05:: | definition=used after a superlative | synonyms=so far | examples=this is the best so far; the largest drug bust yet
3. sense_key=yet%4:02:04:: | definition=used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time | synonyms=so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet | examples=So far he hasn't called; the sun isn't up yet
4. sense_key=yet%4:02:03:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
5. sense_key=yet%4:02:02:: | definition=up to the present time | examples=I have yet to see the results; details are yet to be worked out
6. sense_key=yet%4:02:00:: | definition=within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time | synonyms=in time | examples=he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves; sooner or later you will have to face the facts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "yet"
    *   Target surface form: "yet"
    *   Context: "...the wonderful, if as <t>yet</t> undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."

    *   Sense 1: "despite anything to the contrary" (however, nevertheless). Example: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it". (Doesn't fit).
    *   Sense 2: "used after a superlative" (so far). Example: "the largest drug bust yet". (Doesn't fit).
    *   Sense 3: "used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time" (so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet). Example: "the sun isn't up yet". (Fits well: "as yet undefined" means "not yet defined" or "hitherto undefined").
    *   Sense 4: "to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons" (even, still). Example: "an even (or still) more interesting problem". (Doesn't fit).
    *   Sense 5: "up to the present time". Example: "I have yet to see the results; details are yet to be worked out". (Similar to Sense 3, but Sense 3 specifically mentions "as yet" in the synonyms).
    *   Sense 6: "within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time" (in time). Example: "he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves". (Doesn't fit as well as Sense 3/5).

    *   The phrase is "as yet undefined".
    *   "Undefined" is a negative state (not defined).
    *   "As yet" is explicitly listed as a synonym for Sense 3.
    *   Sense 3: "used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time". "Undefined" acts as the negative statement.

    *   Sense 3: "used in negative statement... synonyms=so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet".
    *   Sense 5: "up to the present time". Example: "details are yet to be worked out".
    *   The phrase "as yet" is a very strong indicator for Sense 3.

    *   "as yet undefined" = "hitherto undefined" or "so far undefined".
    *   This matches Sense 3 perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: potentiality
Target surface form: potentialities
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, <t>potentialities</t> inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=potentiality%1:09:00:: | definition=an aptitude that may be developed | synonyms=capability, capableness
2. sense_key=potentiality%1:26:00:: | definition=the inherent capacity for coming into being | synonyms=potential, potency

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `potentiality`
    *   Target surface form: `potentialities`
    *   Context: "...a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `potentiality%1:09:00::`: an aptitude that may be developed (synonyms: capability, capableness)
        2.  `potentiality%1:26:00::`: the inherent capacity for coming into being (synonyms: potential, potency)

    *   The sentence discusses "latent talents" and "undefined potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   It's talking about the abilities or capacities children have that could be developed or realized.
    *   "Latent talents" strongly aligns with "aptitude that may be developed."
    *   "Inherent in the souls" suggests a capacity that exists but hasn't been fully realized yet.

    *   Sense 1: "an aptitude that may be developed" (capability). This fits perfectly with "latent talents" and the context of education/children's growth.
    *   Sense 2: "the inherent capacity for coming into being" (potential, potency). This is more abstract/philosophical (e.g., the potentiality of a seed to become a tree, or a possibility of existence).

    *   The context is about human abilities, talents, and education. "Aptitude that may be developed" (Sense 1) is a much better fit for "potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children" than the more general "capacity for coming into being" (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: capability, capableness.
    *   Sense 2: potential, potency.
    *   In the context of "latent talents," "capabilities" (Sense 1) is the most natural synonym.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherent
Target surface form: inherent
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities <t>inherent</t> in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherent%5:00:00:intrinsic:00 | definition=existing as an essential constituent or characteristic | synonyms=built-in, constitutional, inbuilt, integral | examples=the Ptolemaic system with its built-in concept of periodicity; a constitutional inability to tell the truth
2. sense_key=inherent%5:00:00:implicit:00 | definition=in the nature of something though not readily apparent | synonyms=implicit in, underlying | examples=shortcomings inherent in our approach; an underlying meaning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `inherent`
    *   Target surface form: `inherent`
    *   Context: "...a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities <t>inherent</t> in the souls of all our children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `inherent%5:00:00:intrinsic:00`: existing as an essential constituent or characteristic (synonyms: built-in, constitutional, inbuilt, integral).
        2.  `inherent%5:00:00:implicit:00`: in the nature of something though not readily apparent (synonyms: implicit in, underlying).

    *   The sentence refers to "latent talents" and "undefined potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   "Latent" means existing but not yet developed or manifest; hidden or concealed.
    *   "Potentialities" refers to latent qualities or abilities that may be developed.
    *   The phrase "inherent in the souls" suggests that these qualities are a natural, essential part of the children's being, even if they aren't currently visible or defined.

    *   Sense 1 (intrinsic): "existing as an essential constituent or characteristic." This fits well. The talents and potentialities are seen as essential parts of the children's souls.
    *   Sense 2 (implicit): "in the nature of something though not readily apparent." This also fits, as "latent" and "undefined" align with "not readily apparent."

    *   Sense 1 focuses on the *essential nature* (intrinsic, built-in).
    *   Sense 2 focuses on the *hidden nature* (implicit, underlying).
    *   In the context of "potentialities inherent in the souls," the author is arguing that these abilities are *part of* the children (intrinsic/essential), rather than just being a logical implication or a hidden flaw (like "shortcomings inherent in our approach").
    *   Usually, when talking about innate abilities or qualities of a person's soul/nature, "intrinsic" (Sense 1) is the stronger fit. "Implicit" (Sense 2) is often used for meanings, assumptions, or flaws in a system.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms:
        *   Sense 1: built-in, constitutional, inbuilt, integral.
        *   Sense 2: implicit in, underlying.
    *   "Constitutional" or "built-in" fits the idea of innate talents in the soul better than "implicit" or "underlying" (which often refers to a subtext or a hidden premise).

    *   "Potentialities inherent in the souls" $\approx$ "Potentialities built-in to the souls" or "Potentialities that are an essential characteristic of the souls."
    *   This aligns more closely with Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: Essential constituent/characteristic.
    *   Sense 2: In the nature of something though not readily apparent.
    *   While "latent" suggests "not readily apparent," the core idea is that these potentialities *belong* to the soul as an essential part of it.

    *   Wait, let's re-read Sense 2: "in the nature of something though not readily apparent."
    *   Example for Sense 2: "shortcomings inherent in our approach."
    *   Example for Sense 1: "a constitutional inability to tell the truth."
    *   "Potentialities inherent in the souls" is very similar to "a constitutional inability" (an innate quality).

    *   Sense 1 is about being an essential part.
    *   Sense 2 is about being implicit/underlying.
    *   The context "latent talents... potentialities inherent in the souls" strongly suggests an innate, essential quality.

    *   Sense 1: intrinsic, essential constituent.
    *   Sense 2: implicit, not readily apparent.
    *   The phrase "latent talents" already covers the "not readily apparent" part. "Inherent" here describes the *relationship* between the potentialities and the soul (they are an essential part of it).

    *   Sense 1: `inherent%5:00:00:intrinsic:00`
    *   Sense 2: `inherent%5:00:00:implicit:00`
    *   The most fitting is Sense 1.