[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: one
Target surface form: ones
Context:
Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary <t>ones</t> by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: | definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered
2. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: | definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "one"
    *   Target surface form: "ones"
    *   Context: "...U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary <t>ones</t> by major emerging economies..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `one%1:09:00::` (a single person or thing) - used as a pronoun to refer back to a previously mentioned noun.
        2.  `one%1:23:00::` (the smallest whole number) - the number 1.

    *   The sentence is: "...binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary <t>ones</t> by major emerging economies..."
    *   In this context, "ones" refers back to "cuts" (specifically, "binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions").
    *   "Voluntary ones" = "voluntary cuts".

    *   Sense 1: "a single person or thing" (used as a pronoun). This fits perfectly. "Ones" is the plural form of "one" used to avoid repeating the noun "cuts".
    *   Sense 2: "the smallest whole number". This does not fit. The text is not talking about the number 1.

    *   The word "ones" is acting as a pronoun replacing "cuts".
    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: move
Target surface form: move
Context:
It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The <t>move</t> signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=move%1:04:02:: | definition=(game) a player's turn to take some action permitted by the rules of the game
2. sense_key=move%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of deciding to do something | examples=he didn't make a move to help; his first move was to hire a lawyer
3. sense_key=move%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of changing your residence or place of business | synonyms=relocation | examples=they say that three moves equal one fire
4. sense_key=move%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of changing location from one place to another | synonyms=motion, movement | examples=police controlled the motion of the crowd; the movement of people from the farms to the cities
5. sense_key=move%1:04:03:: | definition=a change of position that does not entail a change of location | synonyms=motion, movement, motility | examples=the reflex motion of his eyebrows revealed his surprise; movement is a sign of life

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "move"
    *   Target surface form: "move"
    *   Context: "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts... The <t>move</t> signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  (game) a player's turn to take some action permitted by the rules of the game.
        2.  the act of deciding to do something (e.g., "he didn't make a move to help").
        3.  the act of changing your residence or place of business (relocation).
        4.  the act of changing location from one place to another (motion, movement).
        5.  a change of position that does not entail a change of location (motion, movement).

    *   The "move" refers to Todd Stern rejecting specific language in a climate deal.
    *   This is a strategic action or a decision to act in a certain way during negotiations.
    *   It is not a game move (sense 1), a relocation (sense 3), a physical change of location (sense 4), or a physical movement of a body part (sense 5).
    *   It fits best with "the act of deciding to do something" or taking a specific action to achieve a goal (sense 2).

    *   Sense 2: "the act of deciding to do something" (examples: "he didn't make a move to help", "his first move was to hire a lawyer").
    *   In the context, Stern's rejection of the language is the "move". This is a decision/action taken as part of a strategy.

    *   Sense 1: Game turn. (No)
    *   Sense 2: Act of deciding to do something/taking action. (Yes)
    *   Sense 3: Relocation. (No)
    *   Sense 4: Physical motion. (No)
    *   Sense 5: Physical motion (no location change). (No)

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with <t>China</t> than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
4. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "china"
    *   Target surface form: "China"
    *   Context: A text discussing climate change deals, emissions cuts, industrial nations, developing countries, the European Union, the Obama administration, and U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern. Specifically: "The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with <t>China</t> than Bush administration officials did just two years ago."

    *   Sense 1: dishware made of high quality porcelain (chinaware).
    *   Sense 2: high quality porcelain originally made only in China.
    *   Sense 3: a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world (PRC).
    *   Sense 4: a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 (Republic of China).

    *   The context is about international diplomacy, climate change agreements, and relations between the U.S. government (Obama/Bush administrations) and a "major developing country."
    *   "China" in this context refers to the nation-state involved in global climate negotiations.
    *   Sense 3 describes the communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC), which fits the context of a "major developing country" and a global power negotiating with the U.S.
    *   Sense 4 refers to Taiwan, which is not the primary entity referred to as "China" in the context of major global emissions cuts and U.S.-China climate diplomacy.
    *   Senses 1 and 2 refer to porcelain, which is irrelevant.

    *   The best fit is Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bush_administration
Target surface form: Bush administration
Context:
It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than <t>Bush administration</t> officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bush_administration%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive under President George H. W. Bush
2. sense_key=bush_administration%1:14:01:: | definition=the executive under President George W. Bush

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bush_administration`
    *   Target surface form: "Bush administration"
    *   Context: The text discusses climate change talks, emissions cuts, the Obama administration, and a comparison to how "Bush administration officials" acted "just two years ago."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `bush_administration%1:14:00`: the executive under President George H. W. Bush (father)
        2.  `bush_administration%1:14:01`: the executive under President George W. Bush (son)

    *   The text mentions the "Obama administration."
    *   It says the Obama administration is taking a harder line than the "Bush administration officials did just two years ago."
    *   Barack Obama took office in January 2009.
    *   "Two years ago" from the time of the Obama administration (likely around 2009-2011) would be around 2007-2009.
    *   George W. Bush was President from 2001 to 2009.
    *   George H. W. Bush was President from 1989 to 1993.
    *   Therefore, "two years ago" relative to the Obama administration refers to George W. Bush.

    *   Sense 1: George H. W. Bush (1989-1993)
    *   Sense 2: George W. Bush (2001-2009)
    *   The context clearly points to George W. Bush.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: official
Target surface form: officials
Context:
It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration <t>officials</t> did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=official%1:18:01:: | definition=a worker who holds or is invested with an office | synonyms=functionary
2. sense_key=official%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who administers the rules of a game or sport | examples=the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `official`
    *   Target surface form: `officials`
    *   Context: "...the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration <t>officials</t> did just two years ago."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `official%1:18:01::`: a worker who holds or is invested with an office (synonym: functionary).
        2.  `official%1:18:00::`: someone who administers the rules of a game or sport.

    *   The word "officials" refers to people within the "Bush administration".
    *   The Bush administration is a government body.
    *   People working in a government administration are government workers/functionaries.
    *   They are not referees or sports officials.

    *   Sense 1: "a worker who holds or is invested with an office" (Fits perfectly).
    *   Sense 2: "someone who administers the rules of a game or sport" (Does not fit).

    *   The correct sense index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two <t>years</t> ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
3. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `year`
    *   Target surface form: `years`
    *   Context: "...The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two <t>years</t> ago."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `year%1:28:01::`: a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days (standard calendar year).
        2.  `year%1:28:00::`: the period of time for a planet to revolve around the sun (astronomical year).
        3.  `year%1:28:02::`: a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year for a particular activity (e.g., school year).
        4.  `year%1:14:00::`: a body of students who graduate together (class).

    *   The phrase is "just two years ago".
    *   This refers to a duration of time (2 * 365/366 days) relative to the present or a specific point in time.
    *   It is not referring to an astronomical revolution (Sense 2).
    *   It is not referring to a specific activity period like a school year (Sense 3).
    *   It is not referring to a graduating class (Sense 4).
    *   It fits the standard definition of a calendar year (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days". This matches "two years ago".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The <t>United States</t> is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.
2. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `united_states`
    *   Target surface form: `United States`
    *   Context: "The <t>United States</t> is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern..."
    *   Surrounding context: Mentions of "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern", "Obama administration", "China", "developed world", "major emerging economies", "Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei", "America's top climate negotiator".

    *   Sense 1: `united_states%1:14:00::` - the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States (Synonyms: United States government, U.S. government, U.S.).
    *   Sense 2: `united_states%1:15:00::` - North American republic containing 50 states... (Synonyms: United States of America, America, the States, US, USA).

    *   The sentence is: "The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern..."
    *   Stern is a "U.S. special climate envoy".
    *   The context discusses international negotiations, "the Obama administration", and "deals" between countries.
    *   When a country "does a deal" in an international treaty context, it is the *government* of that country acting on its behalf.
    *   Sense 1 specifically refers to the government/federal branches.
    *   Sense 2 refers to the nation/republic as a whole (geopolitical entity).
    *   In diplomatic contexts, "The United States" often refers to the government (Sense 1). Let's look at the synonyms. Sense 1: "United States government, U.S. government, U.S." Sense 2: "United States of America, America, the States, US, USA".
    *   The sentence "The United States is not going to do a deal" clearly refers to the political entity/government making a diplomatic agreement.

    *   Is it the land/people (Sense 2) or the government (Sense 1)?
    *   "The United States is not going to do a deal" -> The government is the actor here.
    *   Comparing "The United States (government) is not going to do a deal" vs "The United States (republic) is not going to do a deal".
    *   In WordNet, the distinction between the government and the country is often subtle, but Sense 1 is specifically for the government.
    *   Looking at the context: "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language...", "the Obama administration is taking a harder line...". These all point toward the government.

    *   Sense 1: Government.
    *   Sense 2: Country/Republic.
    *   In the phrase "The United States is not going to do a deal", the actor is the government.

    *   Wait, let me double-check. Often, "the US" or "the United States" is used interchangeably. However, when it's about signing treaties or making deals, it's the government.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms again. Sense 1: "U.S. government". Sense 2: "USA".
    *   If the sentence were "The United States is a large country", it would be Sense 2.
    *   If the sentence is "The United States is not going to do a deal", it's the government acting.

    *   Sense 1: Government.
    *   Sense 2: Republic/Country.
    *   Context: Diplomatic negotiations, "do a deal", "Obama administration".
    *   Conclusion: Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a <t>deal</t> without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
4. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
5. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
6. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
7. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
8. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `deal`
    *   Target surface form: `deal`
    *   Context: "The United States is not going to do a <t>deal</t> without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses climate change talks, emissions cuts, pledges, negotiations between the US, EU, and China, and binding vs. voluntary cuts.

    *   1: act of apportioning/distributing something (e.g., provisions).
    *   2: an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each (synonym: bargain).
    *   3: wood that is easy to saw (softwood).
    *   4: type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement).
    *   5: cards held in a card game (synonym: hand).
    *   6: act of distributing playing cards.
    *   7: a plank of softwood.
    *   8: a large number or amount (e.g., a great deal).
    *   9: a particular instance of buying or selling (synonym: trade, business deal).

    *   The context is about international climate negotiations.
    *   "The United States is not going to do a deal..." refers to an agreement on emissions cuts and obligations.
    *   Sense 2 ("an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 9 ("a particular instance of buying or selling") is too narrow (this is a diplomatic/political agreement, not a commercial trade).
    *   Sense 4 ("type of treatment received") doesn't fit the phrase "do a deal".

    *   Sense 2: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each". This matches the context of climate talks and obligations for emissions cuts.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: text
Target surface form: text
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the <t>text</t> did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "text"
    *   Target surface form: "text"
    *   Context: "...U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts... Stern, who also complained that the <t>text</t> did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `text%1:10:00::`: the words of something written (textual matter).
        2.  `text%1:10:03::`: a passage from the Bible used for a sermon.
        3.  `text%1:10:02::`: a book prepared for use in schools (textbook).
        4.  `text%1:10:01::`: the main body of a written work (distinct from illustrations/footnotes).

    *   The context describes diplomatic negotiations regarding climate change emissions.
    *   Todd Stern is discussing "language requiring binding cuts" and complaining that "the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified."
    *   In this context, "the text" refers to the draft agreement, the written document, or the specific wording of the treaty/accord being negotiated.

    *   Sense 1: "the words of something written" (textual matter). This fits well. The "text" of the agreement is the written wording.
    *   Sense 2: "passage from the Bible". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: "book prepared for use in schools". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: "the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.)". While it is a written work, the distinction between the main body and footnotes isn't the point here. The point is the actual wording/content of the draft agreement.

    *   Sense 1 is the most general and accurate description of the written words of a document (like a treaty or agreement).
    *   Example for Sense 1: "they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech". This is very similar to handing out the text of a draft agreement.

    *   Sense 1: the words of something written.
    *   Sense 4: the main body of a written work (vs illustrations).
    *   In diplomatic contexts, "the text" refers to the specific wording of the document. This aligns best with "the words of something written".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cut
Target surface form: cuts
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the <t>cuts</t> could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cut%1:26:01:: | definition=a step on some scale | examples=he is a cut above the rest
2. sense_key=cut%1:04:05:: | definition=the act of reducing the amount or number | examples=the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget
3. sense_key=cut%1:10:04:: | definition=a distinct selection of music from a recording or a compact disc | synonyms=track | examples=he played the first cut on the cd; the title track of the album
4. sense_key=cut%1:04:09:: | definition=the division of a deck of cards before dealing | synonyms=cutting | examples=he insisted that we give him the last cut before every deal; the cutting of the cards soon became a ritual
5. sense_key=cut%1:10:02:: | definition=a remark capable of wounding mentally | synonyms=stinger | examples=the unkindest cut of all
6. sense_key=cut%1:10:01:: | definition=the omission that is made when an editorial change shortens a written passage | synonyms=deletion, excision | examples=an editor's deletions frequently upset young authors; both parties agreed on the excision of the proposed clause
7. sense_key=cut%1:04:07:: | definition=in baseball; a batter's attempt to hit a pitched ball | synonyms=baseball swing, swing | examples=he took a vicious cut at the ball
8. sense_key=cut%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of cutting something into parts | synonyms=cutting | examples=his cuts were skillful; his cutting of the cake made a terrible mess
9. sense_key=cut%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of shortening something by chopping off the ends | synonyms=cutting, cutting off | examples=the barber gave him a good cut
10. sense_key=cut%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of penetrating or opening open with a sharp edge | synonyms=cutting | examples=his cut in the lining revealed the hidden jewels
11. sense_key=cut%1:04:08:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts reverse spin on the ball | synonyms=undercut | examples=cuts do not bother a good tennis player
12. sense_key=cut%1:26:00:: | definition=a wound made by cutting | synonyms=gash, slash, slice | examples=he put a bandage over the cut
13. sense_key=cut%1:21:00:: | definition=a share of the profits | examples=everyone got a cut of the earnings
14. sense_key=cut%1:10:00:: | definition=(film) an immediate transition from one shot to the next | examples=the cut from the accident scene to the hospital seemed too abrupt
15. sense_key=cut%1:04:06:: | definition=an unexcused absence from class | examples=he was punished for taking too many cuts in his math class
16. sense_key=cut%1:13:00:: | definition=a piece of meat that has been cut from an animal carcass | synonyms=cut of meat
17. sense_key=cut%1:09:00:: | definition=the style in which a garment is cut | examples=a dress of traditional cut
18. sense_key=cut%1:06:00:: | definition=a trench resembling a furrow that was made by erosion or excavation | synonyms=gash
19. sense_key=cut%1:04:03:: | definition=a refusal to recognize someone you know | synonyms=snub, cold shoulder | examples=the snub was clearly intentional
20. sense_key=cut%1:06:01:: | definition=a canal made by erosion or excavation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "cuts" (plural of "cut")
    *   Context: "...the text did not do enough to make sure the <t>cuts</t> could be verified by outside observers."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses countries cutting emissions (greenhouse-gas emissions) to combat climate change. Specifically, "binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries."

    *   1: a step on some scale (e.g., "a cut above the rest") - No.
    *   2: the act of reducing the amount or number (e.g., "cuts in the city budget") - Yes, this fits reducing emissions.
    *   3: a distinct selection of music (track) - No.
    *   4: division of a deck of cards - No.
    *   5: a remark capable of wounding mentally - No.
    *   6: omission made when an editorial change shortens a written passage - No.
    *   7: baseball swing - No.
    *   8: act of cutting something into parts - No.
    *   9: act of shortening something by chopping off the ends - No.
    *   10: act of penetrating or opening with a sharp edge - No.
    *   11: sports stroke with reverse spin - No.
    *   12: a wound made by cutting - No.
    *   13: a share of the profits - No.
    *   14: film transition - No.
    *   15: unexcused absence from class - No.
    *   16: piece of meat - No.
    *   17: style in which a garment is cut - No.
    *   18: trench resembling a furrow - No.
    *   19: refusal to recognize someone (snub) - No.
    *   20: canal made by erosion or excavation - No.

    *   The context is about reducing greenhouse-gas emissions.
    *   Sense 2: "the act of reducing the amount or number" (Example: "cuts in the city budget").
    *   This matches perfectly. The "cuts" refer to the reductions in emissions.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: observer
Target surface form: observers
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside <t>observers</t>. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=observer%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses | synonyms=perceiver, percipient, beholder
2. sense_key=observer%1:18:01:: | definition=an expert who observes and comments on something | synonyms=commentator

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `observer`
    *   Target surface form: `observers`
    *   Context: "...the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `observer%1:18:00`: a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses (perceiver, percipient, beholder).
        2.  `observer%1:18:01`: an expert who observes and comments on something (commentator).

    *   The context is about climate change talks, emissions cuts, and verification.
    *   "verified by outside observers" refers to people or organizations tasked with monitoring and confirming whether the emissions cuts are actually happening.
    *   In international treaties and agreements, "observers" are typically experts or neutral third parties who monitor compliance and report on it.

    *   Sense 1 is very general: anyone who sees something.
    *   Sense 2 is more specific: an expert who observes and comments (like a political observer or a technical observer).
    *   In the context of "verifying" emissions cuts, the observers are not just random people perceiving things; they are specialists/experts tasked with monitoring and reporting (commenting/verifying).

    *   While "perceiver" (Sense 1) is technically true, "expert who observes and comments" (Sense 2) fits the professional/diplomatic context of international verification much better. Verification requires expertise and a reporting mechanism (commenting/reporting).

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 2: "an expert who observes and comments on something | synonyms=commentator".
    *   Let me re-read Sense 1: "a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses | synonyms=perceiver, percipient, beholder".
    *   Is there a better sense? (The prompt only gives two).
    *   In the context of "outside observers" for verification, they are usually neutral third parties. They aren't just "commentators" in the sense of sports commentators, but they are experts who observe and then provide a report (comment) on the findings.
    *   Comparing the two, Sense 2 is closer to the professional role of a monitor/verifier than the basic sensory perception of Sense 1.

    *   "Verified by outside observers" -> These are people whose job is to observe the data/situation and report (comment) on whether the targets were met. This aligns with the "expert" and "comments" part of Sense 2.

    *   Sense 1: Basic perception.
    *   Sense 2: Expert observation and commentary.
    *   Context: International treaty verification.
    *   Conclusion: Sense 2 is the better fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: comment
Target surface form: comments
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his <t>comments</t> an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=comment%1:10:02:: | definition=a report (often malicious) about the behavior of other people | synonyms=gossip, scuttlebutt | examples=the divorce caused much gossip
2. sense_key=comment%1:10:01:: | definition=a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material | synonyms=commentary | examples=he wrote an extended comment on the proposal
3. sense_key=comment%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information | synonyms=remark, input | examples=from time to time she contributed a personal comment on his account

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `comment`
    *   Target surface form: `comments`
    *   Context: "Stern made his <t>comments</t> an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said..."
    *   Surrounding context: Todd Stern (U.S. special climate envoy) is discussing greenhouse-gas emissions, binding cuts, and verification. He "complained that the text did not do enough...". Then it says "Stern made his comments...".

    *   Sense 1: `comment%1:10:02::` - a report (often malicious) about the behavior of other people (gossip, scuttlebutt).
    *   Sense 2: `comment%1:10:01::` - a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material (commentary).
    *   Sense 3: `comment%1:10:00::` - a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information (remark, input).

    *   The context describes a diplomatic negotiation. Todd Stern is making statements/remarks about the climate talks and the text of the agreement.
    *   Sense 1 (gossip) is incorrect. This is a formal diplomatic setting.
    *   Sense 2 (written explanation added to a book) is incorrect. While there is a "text" mentioned, Stern is making statements (likely spoken or official press statements) in response to/around the time of another official's statement.
    *   Sense 3 (a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information) fits perfectly. Stern's "comments" are his remarks/statements regarding the negotiations.

    *   The word "comments" refers to the statements Stern made about the climate deal and the verification process. This aligns with "remark" or "input".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hour
Target surface form: hour
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an <t>hour</t> after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hour%1:28:01:: | definition=clock time | synonyms=time of day | examples=the hour is getting late
2. sense_key=hour%1:07:00:: | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=minute | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away
3. sense_key=hour%1:28:02:: | definition=a special and memorable period | examples=it was their finest hour
4. sense_key=hour%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day | synonyms=hr, 60 minutes | examples=the job will take more than an hour

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "hour"
    *   Target surface form: "hour"
    *   Context: "Stern made his comments an <t>hour</t> after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `hour%1:28:01::`: clock time (e.g., "the hour is getting late")
        2.  `hour%1:07:00::`: distance measured by time (e.g., "we live an hour from the airport")
        3.  `hour%1:28:02::`: a special and memorable period (e.g., "their finest hour")
        4.  `hour%1:28:00::`: a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day (e.g., "the job will take more than an hour")

    *   The sentence is: "Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said..."
    *   Here, "an hour" refers to a duration of time (60 minutes) that passed between He Yafei's statement and Stern's comments.

    *   Sense 1 (clock time): Refers to the specific time of day (e.g., 3 PM). Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 2 (distance): Refers to how far away something is based on travel time. Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 3 (memorable period): Refers to a significant moment in time. Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 4 (period of time equal to 1/24th of a day): Refers to the duration of 60 minutes. This fits perfectly.

    *   The context "an hour after" clearly indicates a duration of time.
    *   Sense 4 is the correct definition for a duration of 60 minutes.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: america
Target surface form: America
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said <t>America</t>'s top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=america%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=america%1:17:00:: | definition=North America and South America and Central America

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `america`
    *   Target surface form: `America`
    *   Context: A text about climate change talks involving the European Union, the U.S. (United States), China, and other countries. Specifically, "Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said <t>America</t>'s top climate negotiator was either lacking 'common sense' or being 'extremely irresponsible'..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `america%1:15:00::`: North American republic containing 50 states (USA).
        2.  `america%1:17:00::`: North America and South America and Central America (The Americas).

    *   The sentence mentions "America's top climate negotiator".
    *   The previous sentences refer to "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern" and "the Obama administration".
    *   The context clearly refers to the United States of America, not the entire landmass of the Americas.

    *   Sense 1: United States of America. (Matches perfectly)
    *   Sense 2: The Americas (North, South, and Central). (Does not match)

    *   The correct sense index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: climate
Target surface form: climate
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top <t>climate</t> negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter
2. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `climate`
    *   Target surface form: `climate`
    *   Context: "...America's top <t>climate</t> negotiator was either lacking 'common sense' or being 'extremely irresponsible' for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `climate%1:26:00::`: the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time (clime).
        2.  `climate%1:26:01::`: the prevailing psychological state (mood).

    *   The sentence mentions "America's top climate negotiator".
    *   The context discusses "climate change", "greenhouse-gas emissions", "global warming", and "flood and drought".
    *   The "climate negotiator" is someone negotiating issues related to the Earth's weather patterns over time (climate change/global warming).

    *   Sense 1 refers to weather patterns over a long period. This aligns perfectly with "climate change" and "global warming".
    *   Sense 2 refers to a psychological state or mood. This does not fit the context of environmental negotiations.

    *   The target word "climate" in "climate negotiator" refers to the environmental sense (Sense 1).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the <t>week</t> that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `week`
    *   Target surface form: `week`
    *   Context: "...saying earlier in the <t>week</t> that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `week%1:28:00::`: any period of seven consecutive days.
        2.  `week%1:28:01::`: hours or days of work in a calendar week (workweek).
        3.  `week%1:28:02::`: a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday (calendar week).

    *   The sentence says "saying earlier in the week".
    *   This refers to a period of time within the current seven-day cycle.
    *   It doesn't specifically refer to a "workweek" (sense 2).
    *   It refers to the general time period of the current week.
    *   Comparing sense 1 (any period of seven days) and sense 3 (calendar week starting Sunday).
    *   In common usage, "earlier in the week" usually refers to the current calendar week.
    *   Sense 1 is more general ("any period of seven consecutive days"), while sense 3 is the specific calendar definition.
    *   However, in most WSD tasks for "week" in this context, "any period of seven consecutive days" (sense 1) is the default for a general reference to a week unless the specific calendar start date is relevant.
    *   Let's re-examine: "earlier in the week". This is a standard reference to the current seven-day period.
    *   Sense 1: "any period of seven consecutive days".
    *   Sense 3: "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday".
    *   Usually, "the week" refers to the current calendar week. But does it *have* to start on Sunday? Not necessarily (some start on Monday). Sense 1 is the most general and typically the correct choice for "the week" unless it's specifically about the calendar structure.

    *   Sense 1: General 7-day period.
    *   Sense 2: Workweek. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Calendar week (specifically starting Sunday). (Too specific/restrictive)

    "Earlier in the week" refers to the current 7-day period. Sense 1 is the standard definition for this.

    *   "it rained for a week" (Sense 1) - similar to "earlier in the week".
    *   "they worked a 40-hour week" (Sense 2) - not applicable.
    *   "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday" (Sense 3) - too specific.

    Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the <t>United States</t> would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `united_states`
    *   Target surface form: `United States`
    *   Context: "...saying earlier in the week that the <t>United States</t> would not help China financially to cope with global warming."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `united_states%1:15:00::`: North American republic containing 50 states... (The country/nation)
        2.  `united_states%1:14:00::`: the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States (The government)

    *   The sentence is: "...saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming."
    *   The context involves diplomatic talks, climate envoys (Todd Stern), the Obama administration, and negotiations between major powers (US and China).
    *   When a country "helps another country financially" in the context of international diplomacy and climate agreements, it is specifically the *government* of that country providing the aid/funding.
    *   The preceding sentences mention "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern," "the Obama administration," and "U.S. government" (implied by "administration").
    *   In this specific context ("the United States would not help China financially"), "United States" refers to the political entity/government acting on the international stage.

    *   Sense 1: The physical country/republic.
    *   Sense 2: The federal government.
    *   In international relations and financial aid, "the United States" is frequently used as a metonym for the U.S. government.
    *   Looking at the specific phrase "would not help China financially," this is an action performed by the government.

    *   Sense 2 is specifically for the government.
    *   Sense 1 is for the nation as a whole.
    *   While "United States" can often be used interchangeably, in the context of official financial aid and diplomatic negotiations, the government sense is more precise.

    *   "The United States is not going to do a deal..." (referring to the government)
    *   "...the <t>United States</t> would not help China financially..." (referring to the government)
    *   The context is heavily focused on the Obama administration and diplomatic envoys.

    *   Sense 2: "the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States"
    *   Sense 1: "North American republic containing 50 states..."
    *   The action of providing financial aid to another country is a function of the government.

    *   Wait, let me double-check. Often, in these datasets, "United States" in a political context is mapped to the government sense if it's acting as a political agent.
    *   "The United States would not help China financially" -> The US government would not provide funds.

    *   Sense 1: Country
    *   Sense 2: Government
    *   Context: Financial aid in diplomatic negotiations.
    *   Decision: Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help <t>China</t> financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "china"
    *   Target surface form: "China"
    *   Context: A text about climate change talks involving the EU, US, and "major emerging economies." Specifically, it mentions "the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China," "Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei," and "the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `china%1:15:00`: A communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC).
        2.  `china%1:06:01`: Dishware made of porcelain.
        3.  `china%1:15:01`: Government on the island of Taiwan (Republic of China).
        4.  `china%1:06:00`: High quality porcelain.

    *   The context discusses international diplomacy, climate change negotiations, the Obama administration, and a "Chinese vice foreign minister."
    *   It refers to "major emerging economies" and "the world's major powers."
    *   The entity "China" is being discussed as a nation-state involved in global climate agreements.
    *   The mention of "Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei" strongly points to the People's Republic of China (PRC).

    *   Sense 1: Communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC). Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Dishware. Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: Government on the island of Taiwan. Incorrect (the context refers to the major emerging economy and the PRC's diplomatic representatives).
    *   Sense 4: Porcelain. Incorrect.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: world
Target surface form: world
Context:
Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the <t>world</t>'s major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=world%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=Earth, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world
2. sense_key=world%1:17:02:: | definition=a part of the earth that can be considered separately | examples=the outdoor world; the world of insects
3. sense_key=world%1:17:01:: | definition=everything that exists anywhere | synonyms=universe, existence, creation, cosmos, macrocosm | examples=they study the evolution of the universe; the biggest tree in existence
4. sense_key=world%1:09:00:: | definition=all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you | synonyms=reality | examples=his world was shattered; we live in different worlds
5. sense_key=world%1:14:01:: | definition=people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest | synonyms=domain | examples=the Western world
6. sense_key=world%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women
7. sense_key=world%1:09:01:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, earth | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
8. sense_key=world%1:14:02:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, public | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `world`
    *   Target surface form: `world`
    *   Context: "With the future economic trajectory of the <t>world</t>'s major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies."
    *   Key phrase: "the world's major powers"

    *   Sense 1: The 3rd planet from the sun (Earth, globe).
    *   Sense 2: A part of the earth that can be considered separately (outdoor world, world of insects).
    *   Sense 3: Everything that exists anywhere (universe, cosmos).
    *   Sense 4: All of your experiences (reality).
    *   Sense 5: People in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest (domain, Western world).
    *   Sense 6: All of the living human inhabitants of the earth (human race, humanity).
    *   Sense 7: Concerns of this life vs. afterlife.
    *   Sense 8: People in general considered as a whole (populace, public).

    *   The phrase is "the world's major powers".
    *   "Major powers" refers to countries/nations.
    *   "The world" here refers to the global community of nations or the collective group of people/countries on Earth.
    *   Looking at the other occurrences in the text: "developed world", "developing world", "industrial world".
    *   These phrases ("developed world", "industrial world") strongly align with Sense 5: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" (e.g., "the Western world").
    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate Sense 5 vs Sense 6 vs Sense 8.
    *   Sense 5: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" (Example: "the Western world").
    *   Sense 6: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth" (human race).
    *   Sense 8: "people in general considered as a whole" (populace, public).
    *   "The world's major powers" refers to the powers *of the world*. In this context, "world" refers to the global community or the collective of nations.
    *   Comparing "the world's major powers" to "the Western world" (Sense 5), "the developing world" (Sense 5), and "the industrial world" (Sense 5).
    *   The context explicitly mentions "developing world" and "industrial world" immediately after the target word. These are classic examples of Sense 5.

    *   Sense 1 (Planet) is too physical.
    *   Sense 3 (Universe) is too broad.
    *   Sense 5 (Distinctive group/domain) fits "Western world", "developing world", and by extension, the global community of nations when referring to "the world's major powers".

    *   Target: "the world's major powers"
    *   Sense 5: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" (Synonym: domain; Example: "the Western world").
    *   This fits perfectly because "the world" in "the world's major powers" is used in the same way as "the Western world" or "the developing world" (which are mentioned in the same sentence).

    *   Sense 6 is "human race". "The human race's major powers" doesn't sound right.
    *   Sense 8 is "populace". "The populace's major powers" doesn't sound right.
    *   Sense 5 is the most appropriate for geopolitical groupings.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: battle
Target surface form: battle
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current <t>battle</t> is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=battle%1:04:02:: | definition=an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals); --Thomas Paine | synonyms=conflict, struggle | examples=the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph; police tried to control the battle between the pro- and anti-abortion mobs
2. sense_key=battle%1:04:00:: | definition=a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war | synonyms=conflict, fight, engagement | examples=Grant won a decisive victory in the battle of Chickamauga; he lost his romantic ideas about war when he got into a real engagement
3. sense_key=battle%1:04:01:: | definition=an energetic attempt to achieve something | synonyms=struggle | examples=getting through the crowd was a real struggle; he fought a battle for recognition

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `battle`
    *   Context: A diplomatic dispute between the US, China, and other nations regarding greenhouse-gas emissions, funding, and obligations. The text mentions "fault lines have erupted," "feuding over their respective obligations," and "fighting over who should bear the costs."
    *   Target sentence: "The current <t>battle</t> is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet..."

    *   Sense 1: `battle%1:04:02::` - "an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)". Synonyms: conflict, struggle. Example: "battle between the pro- and anti-abortion mobs".
    *   Sense 2: `battle%1:04:00::` - "a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war". Synonyms: conflict, fight, engagement. Example: "battle of Chickamauga".
    *   Sense 3: `battle%1:04:01::` - "an energetic attempt to achieve something". Synonyms: struggle. Example: "fought a battle for recognition".

    *   Is it a military engagement (Sense 2)? No. There are no armies or wars in the literal sense.
    *   Is it an energetic attempt to achieve something (Sense 3)? While they are trying to achieve something (a climate deal), the context emphasizes the *clash* and *conflict* between opposing groups (US vs. China, developed vs. developing).
    *   Is it an open clash between two opposing groups (Sense 1)? Yes. The text describes a diplomatic conflict, "feuding," "fighting over who should bear the costs," and "fault lines have erupted." This fits the description of an "open clash between two opposing groups" (in this case, nations/blocs).

    *   Sense 1 focuses on the *clash/conflict* between groups.
    *   Sense 3 focuses on the *effort/struggle* to achieve a goal.
    *   The sentence "The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet" frames the situation as a conflict of interests (economies vs. planet, US vs. China). This aligns more closely with the "clash between opposing groups" (Sense 1) than a personal or singular "energetic attempt" (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 1: "an open clash between two opposing groups" -> Fits the diplomatic conflict between the US and China/developing nations.
    *   Sense 2: "military forces" -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: "energetic attempt to achieve something" -> Less fitting than the clash aspect.

    *   The context describes a high-stakes diplomatic disagreement. "Battle" here is used metaphorically for a conflict of interests and a clash of political wills. Sense 1's "open clash between two opposing groups" is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: economy
Target surface form: economies
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual <t>economies</t> as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=economy%1:07:00:: | definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | synonyms=thriftiness | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy
2. sense_key=economy%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | synonyms=saving | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day; there was a saving of 50 cents
3. sense_key=economy%1:09:01:: | definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort
4. sense_key=economy%1:14:00:: | definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption | synonyms=economic system

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `economy`
    *   Target surface form: `economies`
    *   Context: "The current battle is as much about saving individual <t>economies</t> as saving the planet..."
    *   Surrounding context: Mentions of "industrialized countries", "major emerging economies", "developed world", "Obama administration", "China", "United States", "economic trajectory of the world's major powers", "developing world", "industrial world".

    *   Sense 1: frugality in the expenditure of money or resources (thriftiness).
    *   Sense 2: an act of economizing; reduction in cost (saving).
    *   Sense 3: the efficient use of resources (economy of effort).
    *   Sense 4: the system of production and distribution and consumption (economic system).

    *   The text discusses nations (China, US, industrialized countries, emerging economies).
    *   "Saving individual economies" in this context refers to protecting the national economic systems/wealth/stability of these countries while dealing with climate change costs.
    *   It is clearly referring to the economic systems of countries, not frugality, a specific cost-saving act, or efficiency of effort.

    *   Sense 4 matches "the system of production and distribution and consumption" (economic system). This is the standard meaning when referring to "the US economy" or "emerging economies".