[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: taken
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey <t>taken</t> a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
2. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
3. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
4. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
5. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
6. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
7. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
8. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
9. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
10. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia
11. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
12. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
13. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
14. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
15. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
16. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
17. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
18. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
19. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
20. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
21. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
22. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
23. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
24. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
25. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
26. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
27. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
28. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
29. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
30. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
31. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
32. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
33. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
34. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
35. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
36. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
37. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
38. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
39. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
40. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
41. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
42. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: length

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `take`
    *   Target surface form: `taken`
    *   Context: "According to a nationwide survey <t>taken</t> a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays..."

    *   The word "taken" modifies "nationwide survey".
    *   A survey is "taken" (conducted, carried out, performed).

    *   1: head into a specified direction (No)
    *   2: have with oneself (No)
    *   3: undesirable consequence (No)
    *   4: occupy or take on (No)
    *   5: be a student of (No)
    *   6: assume positions or roles (No)
    *   7: lay claim to an idea (No)
    *   8: take into consideration for exemplifying (No)
    *   9: take somebody somewhere (No)
    *   10: be stricken by illness (No)
    *   11: be designed to hold (No)
    *   12: interpret something (No)
    *   13: engage for service (No)
    *   14: ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial (Examples: take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors). *This looks promising. A survey is a way of ascertaining/determining information.*
    *   15: pick out, select (No)
    *   16: take by force (No)
    *   17: experience or feel or submit to (Example: Take a test). *Taking a survey is similar to taking a test.*
    *   18: travel or go by means of transportation (No)
    *   19: receive or obtain regularly (No)
    *   20: require time or space (No)
    *   21: serve oneself to, or consume (No)
    *   22: take something with oneself (No)
    *   23: have sex (No)
    *   24: proceed along in a vehicle (No)
    *   25: admit into a group (No)
    *   26: be capable of holding (No)
    *   27: get into one's hands (No)
    *   28: buy, select (No)
    *   29: take into one's possession (No)
    *   30: make a film or photograph (No)
    *   31: remove something (No)
    *   32: make use of or accept (No)
    *   33: obtain by winning (No)
    *   34: require as useful (No)
    *   35: carry out (Examples: take action; take steps). *A survey is carried out.*
    *   36: receive willingly (No)
    *   37: get into a position of having (No)
    *   38: develop a habit (No)
    *   39: take on a certain form (No)
    *   40: accept or undergo (No)
    *   41: point or cause to go (No)
    *   42: be seized or affected (No)

    *   Sense 14: "ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial" (Examples: take a pulse; A reading was taken).
    *   Sense 17: "experience or feel or submit to" (Example: Take a test).
    *   Sense 35: "carry out" (Examples: take action; take steps).

    *   "Take a survey" can mean the person *answering* the survey (Sense 17 - like taking a test) or the person *conducting* the survey (Sense 14 or 35).
    *   In the context "a nationwide survey taken a year ago", it usually refers to the survey being *conducted* or *carried out*.
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 14: "ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial". A survey is a method of ascertaining information.
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 35: "carry out" (take action, take steps). This is more general.
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 17: "experience or feel or submit to" (Take a test). If the survey was "taken" by the people, this might fit, but usually, we say a survey was "conducted". However, "take a survey" is very common for the respondent.

    *Wait*, let's look at Sense 14 again. "ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial". This fits the *act* of gathering data (like a survey).

    Let's look at other possibilities. Is there a "conduct" sense?
    Sense 35: "carry out" (take action, take steps).

    Let's compare "take a pulse" (14) and "take a survey". Both are methods of gathering data/measurements.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 17 again: "Take a test". Taking a survey is very similar to taking a test.

    Let's think about the phrase "a survey taken a year ago".
    If I say "the test was taken by the students", it's Sense 17.
    If I say "the survey was taken", it often means it was conducted.

    Let's check if there's a better sense for "conduct".
    Sense 35: "carry out" (take action, take steps).

    Let's re-read Sense 14: "ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial".
    A survey is a way to ascertain/determine something.

    Let's search for "take a survey" in WordNet-like contexts.
    Often, "take a survey" (as in "I took a survey") means the person responded to it.
    But "a survey taken a year ago" sounds more like the survey was *conducted*.

    If it means "conducted", is it 14 or 35?
    14: "ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial"
    35: "carry out"

    Actually, "take a reading" (14) is very close to "take a survey".

    Let's double-check Sense 17: "experience or feel or submit to" (Take a test).
    If the survey was "taken" by the participants, it's Sense 17.

    Let's look at the context again: "According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago..."
    This is a very common way to say the survey was *conducted*.

    Is "conducted" closer to "ascertain or determine" (14) or "carry out" (35)?
    "Carry out" (35) is a very general synonym for "conduct".
    "Ascertain or determine" (14) is more specific to measurements.

    Let's look at Sense 14's examples: "take a pulse", "A reading was taken of the earth's tremors". These are specific measurements. A survey is a collection of data.

    Let's look at Sense 17's example: "Take a test". A survey is very similar to a test in that you answer questions.

    Wait, let me search for "take a survey" in a dictionary.
    Merriam-Webster: "take a survey" can mean to conduct one or to respond to one.

    If the survey was "taken a year ago", it most likely means it was *conducted*.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 14 vs 35.
    14: ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial.
    35: carry out (take action, take steps).

    Actually, "take a survey" (conduct) is often listed under the sense of "ascertaining" or "measuring" (like taking a temperature or taking a pulse).

    Let's look at Sense 14 again. "ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial".
    A survey is a tool for ascertaining/determining something.

    Let's look at Sense 17 again. "experience or feel or submit to" (Take a test).
    If you "take a survey", you are the one answering it.

    In the sentence "According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago", the survey is the subject. The survey itself was "taken". This is a passive construction. "A survey [which was] taken a year ago".

    If the survey was "taken" by the researchers, it means conducted.
    If the survey was "taken" by the respondents, it means answered.

    In both cases, the action is the same. But "take a test" (17) is the most common parallel for "take a survey" (respond).

    Wait, let's look at Sense 14 again. "take a reading from a dial".
    A survey is like a reading of public opinion.

    Let's search for "take a survey" in WordNet.
    (Searching...)
    In some WordNet versions, "take a survey" is associated with "conduct".

    Let's look at the options again.
    14: ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial.
    17: experience or feel or submit to (Take a test).
    35: carry out (take action, take steps).

    If I have to choose the *best* one:
    "Take a test" (17) is a very strong parallel to "take a survey".
    "Take a pulse" (14) is also a parallel to "take a survey" (as in gathering data).

    Let's think about "nationwide survey taken a year ago".
    If you say "a test taken a year ago", it means the test was *administered* and *answered*.
    If you say "a survey taken a year ago", it means the survey was *administered* and *answered*.

    Sense 17: "experience or feel or submit to" (Take a test).
    This fits the "answering" part.

    Sense 14: "ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial".
    This fits the "conducting/gathering data" part.

    Which one is more likely?
    "A survey taken a year ago" usually refers to the data collection process.
    "Take a pulse" (14) is about gathering data.
    "Take a test" (17) is about the person being tested.

    Let's look at Sense 14 again: "ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial".
    A survey is a way to ascertain/determine something.

    Let's look at Sense 35: "carry out" (take action, take steps).
    "Carry out a survey" is a very common phrase.

    Wait, let me re-read Sense 14: "ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial".
    This is very specific to *measurements* (pulse, reading from a dial).

    Let's re-read Sense 17: "experience or feel or submit to" (Take a test).
    "Take a survey" is almost identical to "take a test".

    Let's re-read Sense 35: "carry out" (take action, take steps).
    "Take action" and "take steps" are not the same as "take a survey".

    Let's compare 14 and 17 again.
    If the survey was "taken", was it "measured" (14) or "submitted to" (17)?
    The *respondents* submitted to the survey. The *researchers* conducted it.
    The phrase "a survey taken a year ago" is slightly ambiguous, but it most often means the survey was *conducted*.

    However, in the context of "take a test", the "taking" is the act of completing the test.
    "A test taken a year ago" = a test that was completed a year ago.
    "A survey taken a year ago" = a survey that was completed a year ago.

    This makes Sense 17 ("Take a test") a very strong candidate.

    Let's double-check Sense 14 one more time. "ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial".
    If you "take a survey" to ascertain something, does that fit?
    "Take a pulse" (14) is a way to ascertain the heart rate.
    "Take a survey" is a way to ascertain public opinion.

    Wait, I just found a similar example in a WordNet-based dataset.
    "take a survey" is often mapped to the sense of "conduct" or "ascertain".

    Let's look at the options again.
    14: ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial.
    17: experience or feel or submit to (Take a test).

    If the survey is "taken", it's either being *conducted* (14) or *answered* (17).
    In "a nationwide survey taken a year ago", the focus is on the survey as a source of information. This points more towards the *conduct* of the survey.

    Let's look at Sense 14's examples: "take a pulse", "A reading was taken of the earth's tremors".
    These are both about gathering data. A survey is also about gathering data.

    Let's look at Sense 17's example: "Take a test".
    Taking a test is about the person *being* tested.

    If the sentence was "The students took a survey", it would be 17.
    If the sentence was "The researchers took a survey", it could be 14.
    If the sentence is "A survey [which was] taken a year ago", it's more likely to be 14 (the act of gathering the data).

    Wait, let me think again. "Take a survey" (conduct) is very common.
    Is "take a survey" (conduct) really Sense 14?
    "ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial"
    A survey *is* a way of ascertaining or determining something.

    Let's compare this to Sense 35: "carry out" (take action, take steps).
    "Carry out a survey" is a common phrase, but "take action" and "take steps" are different from "take a survey".

    Let's look at Sense 14 again. "take a reading from a dial".
    A survey is like taking a reading of the population.

    Let's search for "take a survey" in other contexts.
    "I'm taking a survey" (I'm conducting one).
    "I'm taking a survey" (I'm answering one).

    In "a nationwide survey taken a year ago", the survey is the thing being "taken".
    If we say "a test taken a year ago", we usually mean the test was *administered* and *completed*.

    Let's try to find this specific sentence online.
    (Searching for "nationwide survey taken a year ago church bells")
    The sentence is from an article. The phrase "survey taken" is used.

    Let's look at the senses one more time.
    14: ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial.
    17: experience or feel or submit to (Take a test).

    If I have to choose between "ascertaining/measuring" and "submitting to/experiencing", "ascertaining" (14) feels like a better fit for a "nationwide survey" being used as a source of data.

    Wait, let me re-read Sense 17: "experience or feel or submit to".
    If you "take a test", you are submitting to the test.
    If you "take a survey", you are submitting to the survey.

    Let's look at Sense 14 again: "ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial".
    This is about the *result* or the *process of gathering*.

    Let's think about "take a pulse". You take a pulse to ascertain the heart rate.
    You take a survey to ascertain the state of church bells.

    This seems like a very good fit.

    Let's double-check Sense 35: "carry out" (take action, take steps).
    "Take action" is not the same as "take a survey".

    So it's between 14 and 17.
    14: ascertain/determine (like taking a pulse)
    17: submit to (like taking a test)

    "A nationwide survey taken a year ago"
    The survey was the *instrument* used to ascertain the information.
    The act of "taking" the survey was the act of gathering the data.

    Therefore, Sense 14 is the most likely.

    Wait, let me think about "take a test" again.
    If you "take a test", you are the one answering.
    If a "test was taken", it means it was answered.
    If a "survey was taken", it means it was answered.

    But if a "survey was taken" to find out something, it means the survey was *conducted*.

    Let's look at the examples for 14 again: "take a pulse", "A reading was taken of the earth's tremors".
    These are both about *gathering data* to *ascertain* something.
    A survey is exactly that.

    Let's look at the examples for 17 again: "Take a test", "Take the plunge".
    "Take the plunge" is


status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: taken
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey <t>taken</t> a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
2. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
3. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
4. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
5. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
6. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
7. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
8. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
9. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
10. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia
11. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
12. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
13. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
14. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
15. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
16. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
17. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
18. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
19. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
20. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
21. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
22. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
23. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
24. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
25. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
26. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
27. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
28. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
29. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
30. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
31. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
32. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
33. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
34. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
35. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
36. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
37. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
38. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
39. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
40. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
41. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
42. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 42. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 14}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 14}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `take`
    *   Target surface form: `taken`
    *   Context: "According to a nationwide survey <t>taken</t> a year ago..."
    *   Meaning: A survey was conducted or carried out.

    *   1: head into a specified direction (No)
    *   2: have with oneself (No)
    *   3: undesirable consequence (No)
    *   4: occupy or take on (No)
    *   5: be a student of (No)
    *   6: assume positions or roles (No)
    *   7: lay claim to an idea (No)
    *   8: take into consideration for exemplifying (No)
    *   9: take somebody somewhere (No)
    *   10: be stricken by illness (No)
    *   11: be designed to hold (No)
    *   12: interpret something (No)
    *   13: engage for service (No)
    *   14: ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial (Examples: take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors). *This looks promising.*
    *   15: pick out, select (No)
    *   16: take by force (No)
    *   17: experience or feel or submit to (Example: Take a test). *Wait, "take a survey" is very similar to "take a test".*
    *   18: travel or go by means of transportation (No)
    *   19: receive or obtain regularly (No)
    *   20: require time or space (No)
    *   21: consume regularly (No)
    *   22: take something with oneself (No)
    *   23: have sex (No)
    *   24: proceed along in a vehicle (No)
    *   25: admit into a group (No)
    *   26: be capable of holding (No)
    *   27: get into one's hands (No)
    *   28: buy, select (No)
    *   29: take into one's possession (No)
    *   30: make a film or photograph (No)
    *   31: remove something (No)
    *   32: make use of or accept for some purpose (No)
    *   33: obtain by winning (No)
    *   34: require as useful (No)
    *   35: carry out (Examples: take action; take steps). *This is general "carry out".*
    *   36: receive willingly (No)
    *   37: get into a position of having (No)
    *   38: develop a habit (No)
    *   39: take on a certain form (No)
    *   40: accept or undergo (No)
    *   41: point or cause to go (No)
    *   42: be seized or affected (No)

    *   Sense 14: "ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial" (Examples: take a pulse; A reading was taken). A survey is a way of ascertaining or determining information.
    *   Sense 17: "experience or feel or submit to" (Example: Take a test). A person *takes* a survey (as a respondent), but a survey is *taken* (conducted) by the researcher.
    *   Sense 35: "carry out" (Examples: take action; take steps). This is a general sense of performing an action.

    *   "A nationwide survey taken a year ago..."
    *   In this context, "taken" means the survey was conducted/carried out.
    *   Comparing Sense 14 and Sense 17:
        *   Sense 14: "ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial". A survey is a tool for ascertaining/determining data.
        *   Sense 17: "experience or feel or submit to". This applies to the person answering the survey.
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 14 again. "take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors". This is very close to "a survey was taken".

    *   Is there a better sense?
    *   Sense 35: "carry out" (take action, take steps).
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 14. "ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial". A survey is essentially a measurement of opinion or fact.

    *   "Take a survey" (conducted) vs "Take a survey" (answered).
    *   If the survey was "taken a year ago", it means it was conducted.
    *   Sense 14 specifically mentions "ascertain or determine by measuring... or take a reading". This fits the act of conducting a survey to get data.

    *   Sense 14: "ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial"
    *   Sense 17: "experience or feel or submit to" (Take a test)
    *   Sense 35: "carry out" (Take action)

    In many corpora, "take a survey" (conduct) is mapped to the sense of measuring or ascertaining. Let's check if Sense 14 is the best fit. "A reading was taken" is very similar to "A survey was taken".

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 17 again. "Take a test". When you take a test, you are the subject. When a survey is "taken", it can be ambiguous, but "a nationwide survey taken a year ago" usually means the survey was conducted.

    Let's look at Sense 14 again: "ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial". This fits the "conducted" meaning perfectly.

    *   Sense 14: ascertain/determine by measuring.
    *   Sense 17: experience/submit to (like taking a test).
    *   Sense 35: carry out (like taking action).

    "A survey taken" = "A survey conducted".
    Conducting a survey is a method of ascertaining/determining information.

    Let's compare "take a pulse" (Sense 14) and "take a survey". Both are methods of gathering data/measuring.

    Is there any other?
    Sense 30: make a film or photograph (No)
    Sense 31: remove (No)

    Sense 14 seems the most precise for the act of gathering data via a survey.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


attempt_kind: initial

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: year
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a <t>year</t> ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
2. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
3. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `year`
    *   Target surface form: `year`
    *   Context: "...According to a nationwide survey taken a <t>year</t> ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Astronomical period (planet revolution around sun).
        2.  Calendar period of 365/366 days.
        3.  Specific part of a calendar year for an activity (e.g., school year).
        4.  A group of students graduating together (class).

    *   The phrase is "a year ago".
    *   This refers to a duration of time (approximately 365 days) preceding the present moment.

    *   Sense 1: Too technical/astronomical.
    *   Sense 2: Standard definition of a 365/366 day period. Fits "a year ago".
    *   Sense 3: Refers to a specific *type* of year (like a school year or fiscal year). Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 4: Refers to a group of people. Not applicable here.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's <t>church</t> bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
2. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
3. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week
4. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `church`
    *   Target surface form: `church`
    *   Context: "...nearly a third of England's <t>church</t> bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `church%1:04:00::`: a service conducted in a house of worship (church service)
        2.  `church%1:14:00::`: one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship (Christian church)
        3.  `church%1:14:01::`: the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church
        4.  `church%1:06:00::`: a place for public (especially Christian) worship (church building)

    *   The phrase is "England's church bells".
    *   Bells are physical objects located in a physical structure (a belfry, as mentioned earlier in the text: "keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia").
    *   Therefore, "church" in "church bells" refers to the building/place of worship.

    *   Sense 1: Service (No)
    *   Sense 2: Denomination/Group (No)
    *   Sense 3: Congregation (No)
    *   Sense 4: Building/Place of worship (Yes)

    *   The target word "church" modifies "bells". Church bells are bells located in a church building. Sense 4 specifically defines "a place for public (especially Christian) worship" and lists "church building" as a synonym.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church <t>bells</t> are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
4. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
8. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
9. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bell`
    *   Target surface form: `bells`
    *   Context: "They belong to a group of 15 ringers... who drive every Sunday from church to church... to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia... nearly a third of England's church <t>bells</t> are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them."

    *   Sense 1: flared opening of a tubular device (e.g., trumpet bell).
    *   Sense 2: push button at a door (doorbell).
    *   Sense 3: Alexander Graham Bell (person).
    *   Sense 4: Vanessa Bell (person).
    *   Sense 5: the shape of a bell.
    *   Sense 6: the sound of a bell being struck.
    *   Sense 7: Melville Bell (person).
    *   Sense 8: a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck.
    *   Sense 9: nautical time units.
    *   Sense 10: percussion instrument (set of tuned bells/chimes).

    *   The context mentions "ringers", "church to church", "belfries", "ring for even one service", "pealing", and "church bells".
    *   This clearly refers to the physical objects (hollow metal devices) found in church towers that are rung by people.

    *   Sense 8: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 10: "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells... used as an orchestral instrument" is too specific to orchestral music and doesn't fit the "church belfry" context as well as the general definition of a bell.
    *   Sense 6: "the sound of a bell" - the text says "church bells are no longer rung", referring to the objects themselves, not the sound.

    *   The target word "bells" in "England's church bells" refers to the physical objects.
    *   Sense 8 is the correct definition.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: no
Target surface form: no
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are <t>no</t> longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=no%4:02:02:: | definition=referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present | synonyms=no more | examples=he was no heavier than a child
2. sense_key=no%4:02:01:: | definition=not in any degree or manner; not at all | examples=he is no better today
3. sense_key=no%4:02:00:: | definition=used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement | examples=no, you are wrong

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "no"
    *   Target surface form: "no"
    *   Context: "...nearly a third of England's church bells are <t>no</t> longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `no%4:02:02::`: referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present (synonym: "no more"; example: "he was no heavier than a child").
        2.  `no%4:02:01::`: not in any degree or manner; not at all (example: "he is no better today").
        3.  `no%4:02:00::`: used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement (example: "no, you are wrong").

    *   The phrase is "no longer".
    *   "No longer" is an adverbial phrase meaning "not anymore" or "not any longer".
    *   It indicates that a state that existed in the past no longer exists.

    *   Sense 1: "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present". Example: "no heavier than a child". This is a comparative use. "No longer" in the context of time isn't comparing the degree of a quality in the same way "no heavier" does.
    *   Sense 2: "not in any degree or manner; not at all". Example: "he is no better today". This fits the usage of "no" as a modifier meaning "not at all" or "not in any way". "No longer" means "not at all anymore".
    *   Sense 3: "used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc". This is the primary "no" (the opposite of yes). This doesn't fit here.

    *   "No longer" is a fixed expression.
    *   Looking at Sense 2: "not in any degree or manner; not at all".
    *   Looking at Sense 1: "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present".
    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate "no longer".
    *   In "no longer rung", "no" modifies "longer".
    *   "Longer" here is the comparative of "long" (referring to time).
    *   "No longer" = "not any longer".
    *   Sense 1's example "no heavier than a child" uses "no" with a comparative ("heavier").
    *   Sense 2's example "no better today" also uses "no" with a comparative ("better").
    *   Wait, let me look closer at the definitions.
    *   Sense 1: "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present".
    *   Sense 2: "not in any degree or manner; not at all".
    *   Let's compare "no better" (Sense 2) and "no heavier than" (Sense 1).
    *   "He is no better today" (Sense 2) means he hasn't improved at all.
    *   "He was no heavier than a child" (Sense 1) means his weight was not greater than a child's.
    *   "No longer rung" means they are not rung anymore.
    *   Is "no longer" more like "no better" or "no heavier than"?
    *   "No longer" is essentially "not any longer".
    *   If we look at Sense 2: "not in any degree or manner; not at all".
    *   If we look at Sense 1: "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present".
    *   Actually, "no longer" is a very common idiom. In many dictionaries, "no" in "no longer" is treated as a determiner or adverb.
    *   Let's re-read the senses provided.
    *   Sense 1: `no%4:02:02::` - referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present. Example: "he was no heavier than a child".
    *   Sense 2: `no%4:02:01::` - not in any degree or manner; not at all. Example: "he is no better today".
    *   In "no longer", "longer" is a comparative.
    *   "No better" (Sense 2) also uses a comparative.
    *   "No heavier than" (Sense 1) also uses a comparative.
    *   What is the difference between Sense 1 and Sense 2?
    *   Sense 1 seems to be about equality/comparison ("no [comparative] than").
    *   Sense 2 seems to be a simple negation of a quality ("no [comparative]").
    *   "No longer" doesn't have a "than" clause. It's "no longer rung".
    *   This matches the structure of "no better today".

    *   "No longer" = not anymore.
    *   "No better" = not any better.
    *   Both use "no" to negate the comparative adjective to mean "not at all [comparative]".
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.

    *   Sense 1: "no heavier than a child" (Comparison of two things).
    *   Sense 2: "no better today" (Negation of improvement).
    *   Context: "no longer rung" (Negation of continued action).
    *   Sense 2 fits better.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ring
Target surface form: rung
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer <t>rung</t> on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
2. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
3. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border | examples=The forest surrounds my property
4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
5. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band | examples=ring birds; band the geese to observe their migratory patterns
6. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `ring`
    *   Target surface form: `rung` (past participle of `ring`)
    *   Context: "...nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer <t>rung</t> on Sundays because there is no one to ring them."
    *   Key phrases: "church bells", "no longer rung", "no one to ring them", "ringers", "belfries", "pealing".

    *   Sense 1: `ring or echo with sound` (resound, echo, reverberate). Example: "the hall resounded with laughter". (Intransitive/Passive use of the space, not the bell itself).
    *   Sense 2: `sound loudly and sonorously` (peal). Example: "the bells rang". (Intransitive use: the bells themselves make the sound).
    *   Sense 3: `extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle` (surround). (Irrelevant).
    *   Sense 4: `get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone` (call). (Irrelevant).
    *   Sense 5: `attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify` (band). (Irrelevant).
    *   Sense 6: `make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification` (knell). Example: "Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church". (Transitive use: someone rings the bells).

    *   The sentence is: "...church bells are no longer <t>rung</t> on Sundays because there is no one to ring them."
    *   This is a passive construction. "Bells are rung [by someone]".
    *   Sense 2 is intransitive ("the bells rang").
    *   Sense 6 is transitive ("make (bells) ring", "Ring the bells").
    *   The context explicitly mentions "ringers" (people who ring bells) and "no one to ring them", confirming the transitive action of a person ringing a bell.

    *   Sense 6 fits perfectly: "make (bells) ring", "Ring the bells".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sunday
Target surface form: Sundays
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on <t>Sundays</t> because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sunday%1:18:00:: | definition=United States evangelist (1862-1935) | synonyms=Billy Sunday, William Ashley Sunday
2. sense_key=sunday%1:28:00:: | definition=first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians | synonyms=Lord's Day, Dominicus, Sun

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `sunday`
    *   Target surface form: `Sundays`
    *   Context: "...nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on <t>Sundays</t> because there is no one to ring them."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `sunday%1:18:00::`: United States evangelist (Billy Sunday).
        2.  `sunday%1:28:00::`: First day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians.

    *   The sentence discusses church bells being rung on "Sundays".
    *   The context mentions "church to church", "services", "belfries", and "day of rest and worship" (implied by the nature of church services).
    *   This clearly refers to the day of the week, not the evangelist Billy Sunday.

    *   Sense 1: Person (Billy Sunday).
    *   Sense 2: Day of the week.

    *   The target word "Sundays" refers to the day of the week.
    *   Sense index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ring
Target surface form: ring
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to <t>ring</t> them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
4. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border | examples=The forest surrounds my property
6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band | examples=ring birds; band the geese to observe their migratory patterns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `ring`
    *   Target surface form: `ring`
    *   Context: "...nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to <t>ring</t> them."
    *   Surrounding context: "ringers", "church to church", "keep the bells sounding", "belfries", "pealing", "ancient art".

    *   Sense 1: Telephone communication. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Ring or echo with sound (intransitive/resound). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Make (bells) ring, often for musical edification. Synonyms: knell. Example: "My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church". (Matches perfectly)
    *   Sense 4: Sound loudly and sonorously (intransitive/peal). Example: "the bells rang". (The target "ring them" is transitive, where "them" refers to the bells).
    *   Sense 5: Encircle/surround. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Attach a ring to the foot of (band). (Incorrect)

    *   The sentence is "no one to ring them" (where "them" = "church bells").
    *   This is a transitive use of "ring" meaning to cause the bells to sound.
    *   Sense 3 specifically mentions making bells ring for musical edification and gives the example "My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church".
    *   Sense 4 is the intransitive use (the bells themselves ringing).

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: easy
Target surface form: easy
Context:
"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is <t>easy</t> to see why the ancient art is on the ropes. The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=easy%3:00:02:: | definition=free from worry or anxiety | examples=knowing that I had done my best, my mind was easy; an easy good-natured manner
2. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:abundant:00 | definition=obtained with little effort or sacrifice, often obtained illegally | examples=easy money
3. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:gradual:02 | definition=marked by moderate steepness | synonyms=gentle | examples=an easy climb; a gentle slope
4. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:light:08 | definition=having little impact | synonyms=gentle, soft | examples=an easy pat on the shoulder; gentle rain
5. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:comfortable:00 | definition=affording comfort | examples=soft light that was easy on the eyes
6. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:unhurried:00 | definition=not hurried or forced | synonyms=easygoing, leisurely | examples=an easy walk around the block; at a leisurely (or easygoing) pace
7. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:available:00 | definition=less in demand and therefore readily obtainable | examples=commodities are easy this quarter
8. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=affording pleasure | examples=easy good looks
9. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:unchaste:00 | definition=casual and unrestrained in sexual behavior | synonyms=light, loose, promiscuous, sluttish, wanton | examples=her easy virtue; he was told to avoid loose (or light) women
10. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:impressionable:00 | definition=readily exploited or tricked | examples=an easy victim; an easy mark
11. sense_key=easy%3:00:01:: | definition=posing no difficulty; requiring little effort | examples=an easy job; an easy problem
12. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:rich:00 | definition=in fortunate circumstances financially; moderately rich | synonyms=comfortable, prosperous, well-fixed, well-heeled, well-off, well-situated | examples=they were comfortable or even wealthy by some standards; easy living

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "easy"
    *   Target surface form: "easy"
    *   Context: "It is <t>easy</t> to see why the ancient art is on the ropes."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "easy to see" means that it is not difficult to understand or perceive the reason why the art is declining.

    *   1: free from worry or anxiety (e.g., "mind was easy") - No.
    *   2: obtained with little effort or sacrifice (e.g., "easy money") - No.
    *   3: marked by moderate steepness (e.g., "easy climb") - No.
    *   4: having little impact (e.g., "easy pat") - No.
    *   5: affording comfort (e.g., "easy on the eyes") - No.
    *   6: not hurried or forced (e.g., "easy walk") - No.
    *   7: less in demand and therefore readily obtainable (e.g., "commodities are easy") - No.
    *   8: affording pleasure (e.g., "easy good looks") - No.
    *   9: casual and unrestrained in sexual behavior (e.g., "easy virtue") - No.
    *   10: readily exploited or tricked (e.g., "easy victim") - No.
    *   11: posing no difficulty; requiring little effort (e.g., "an easy job; an easy problem") - Yes. "Easy to see" means it requires little mental effort to understand.
    *   12: in fortunate circumstances financially (e.g., "easy living") - No.

    *   The phrase "It is easy to see why..." is a common idiom meaning "it is obvious" or "it is not difficult to understand."
    *   Sense 11 ("posing no difficulty; requiring little effort") fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: see
Target surface form: see
Context:
"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to <t>see</t> why the ancient art is on the ropes. The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=see%2:38:00:: | definition=come together | synonyms=meet, run into, encounter, run across, come across | examples=I'll probably see you at the meeting; How nice to see you again!
2. sense_key=see%2:31:01:: | definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realize, realise | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point
3. sense_key=see%2:41:14:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=attend, take care, look | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
4. sense_key=see%2:38:03:: | definition=accompany or escort | synonyms=escort | examples=I'll see you to the door
5. sense_key=see%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind | synonyms=visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy, figure | examples=I can't see him on horseback!; I can see what will happen
6. sense_key=see%2:35:09:: | definition=receive as a specified guest | examples=the doctor will see you now; The minister doesn't see anybody before noon
7. sense_key=see%2:41:12:: | definition=go to see for a social visit | examples=I went to see my friend Mary the other day
8. sense_key=see%2:41:11:: | definition=go to see for professional or business reasons | examples=You should see a lawyer; We had to see a psychiatrist
9. sense_key=see%2:31:08:: | definition=deliberate or decide | examples=See whether you can come tomorrow; let's see--which movie should we see tonight?
10. sense_key=see%2:31:13:: | definition=make sense of; assign a meaning to | synonyms=interpret, construe | examples=What message do you see in this letter?; How do you interpret his behavior?
11. sense_key=see%2:41:00:: | definition=date regularly; have a steady relationship with | synonyms=go steady, go out, date | examples=Did you know that she is seeing an older man?; He is dating his former wife again!
12. sense_key=see%2:31:03:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
13. sense_key=see%2:32:00:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
14. sense_key=see%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=consider, reckon, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
15. sense_key=see%2:41:10:: | definition=go to see a place, as for entertainment | synonyms=visit | examples=We went to see the Eiffel Tower in the morning
16. sense_key=see%2:33:00:: | definition=match or meet | examples=I saw the bet of one of my fellow players
17. sense_key=see%2:39:02:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
18. sense_key=see%2:39:03:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=watch, view, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
19. sense_key=see%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight | examples=You have to be a good observer to see all the details; Can you see the bird in that tree?
20. sense_key=see%2:39:05:: | definition=see and understand, have a good eye | examples=The artist must first learn to see
21. sense_key=see%2:39:13:: | definition=observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect | synonyms=examine | examples=The customs agent examined the baggage; I must see your passport before you can enter the country
22. sense_key=see%2:31:02:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
23. sense_key=see%2:39:12:: | definition=go or live through | synonyms=experience, go through | examples=We had many trials to go through; he saw action in Viet Nam
24. sense_key=see%2:39:11:: | definition=observe as if with an eye | examples=The camera saw the burglary and recorded it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `see`
    *   Target surface form: `see`
    *   Context: "It is easy to <t>see</t> why the ancient art is on the ropes."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses the decline of church bell ringing in England due to a lack of young people interested in it.

    *   1: come together (meet)
    *   2: perceive (an idea or situation) mentally (understand, realize)
    *   3: take charge of or deal with (attend)
    *   4: accompany or escort
    *   5: imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind (visualize)
    *   6: receive as a specified guest
    *   7: go to see for a social visit
    *   8: go to see for professional or business reasons
    *   9: deliberate or decide
    *   10: make sense of; assign a meaning to (interpret)
    *   11: date regularly
    *   12: be careful or certain to do something
    *   13: find out, learn, or determine with certainty
    *   14: deem to be (consider)
    *   15: go to see a place
    *   16: match or meet
    *   17: perceive or be contemporaneous with (witness)
    *   18: see or watch
    *   19: perceive by sight
    *   20: see and understand, have a good eye
    *   21: observe, check out, and look over carefully (examine)
    *   22: get to know or become aware of (learn)
    *   23: go or live through (experience)
    *   24: observe as if with an eye

    *   "It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes."
    *   In this sentence, "see" means to understand or realize the reason why something is happening.
    *   Comparing this to the candidate senses:
        *   Sense 2: "perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realize realise | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point"
        *   Sense 10: "make sense of; assign a meaning to | synonyms=interpret, construe"
        *   Sense 13: "find out, learn, or determine with certainty"
        *   Sense 14: "deem to be | synonyms=consider, reckon, view, regard"
        *   Sense 22: "get to know or become aware of"

    *   The phrase "easy to see why" is a common idiom meaning "easy to understand why."
    *   Sense 2 ("perceive (an idea or situation) mentally") fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 2: perceive (an idea or situation) mentally (understand, realize).
    *   Context: "It is easy to see [understand/realize] why the ancient art is on the ropes."
    *   This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ancient
Target surface form: ancient
Context:
"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the <t>ancient</t> art is on the ropes. The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ancient%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire | examples=ancient history; ancient civilizations such as those of the Etruscans and Sumerians
2. sense_key=ancient%5:00:00:old:02 | definition=very old | examples=an ancient mariner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "ancient"
    *   Target surface form: "ancient"
    *   Context: "It is easy to see why the <t>ancient</t> art is on the ropes." (Referring to the art of ringing church bells in England).
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `ancient%5:00:00:past:00`: belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
        2.  `ancient%5:00:00:old:02`: very old.

    *   The context discusses the tradition of ringing church bells in England.
    *   Church bell ringing (especially the English style) is a long-standing tradition, but it certainly didn't originate before the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476 AD). Most church bell ringing traditions developed in the Middle Ages.
    *   Therefore, "ancient" here doesn't refer to the specific historical period of antiquity (Sense 1).
    *   Instead, it is used to mean "very old" or "long-established" (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: Specific historical period (pre-Roman Empire fall).
    *   Sense 2: General meaning of "very old".

    *   The art of bell ringing is "very old," but not "ancient" in the strict historical sense of the first definition.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: art
Target surface form: art
Context:
"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient <t>art</t> is on the ropes. The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=art%1:10:00:: | definition=photographs or other visual representations in a printed publication | synonyms=artwork, graphics, nontextual matter | examples=the publisher was responsible for all the artwork in the book
2. sense_key=art%1:06:00:: | definition=the products of human creativity; works of art collectively | synonyms=fine art | examples=an art exhibition; a fine collection of art
3. sense_key=art%1:09:00:: | definition=a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation | synonyms=artistry, prowess | examples=the art of conversation; it's quite an art
4. sense_key=art%1:04:00:: | definition=the creation of beautiful or significant things | synonyms=artistic creation, artistic production | examples=art does not need to be innovative to be good; I was never any good at art

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "art"
    *   Target surface form: "art"
    *   Context: "It is easy to see why the ancient <t>art</t> is on the ropes."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses the tradition of ringing church bells (campanology), the difficulty of finding new ringers, and the specific English style of bell ringing.

    *   Sense 1: Photographs or other visual representations in a printed publication (artwork, graphics). -> Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 2: The products of human creativity; works of art collectively (fine art). -> Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 3: A superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation (artistry, prowess). -> Fits well. Bell ringing is a skill learned through practice.
    *   Sense 4: The creation of beautiful or significant things (artistic creation). -> Less precise than Sense 3.

    *   The sentence "the ancient art is on the ropes" refers to the practice/skill of ringing church bells.
    *   "Art" here means a specialized skill or craft.
    *   Sense 3 ("a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation") aligns perfectly with the concept of a traditional craft or skill.

    *   Sense 1: Visuals in a book. (No)
    *   Sense 2: Fine art (paintings, etc.). (No)
    *   Sense 3: Skill/prowess. (Yes)
    *   Sense 4: The act of creating art. (No)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: less
Target surface form: less
Context:
We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes. The <t>less</t> complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners. Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=less%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of little | examples=she walks less than she should; he works less these days
2. sense_key=less%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a lesser extent | examples=less interesting; less expensive

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "less"
    *   Target surface form: "less"
    *   Context: "The <t>less</t> complicated version of playing tunes on bells... is considered by the English to be childish..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `less%4:02:01::` (comparative of little) - used as a quantifier/determiner (e.g., "she walks less than she should").
        2.  `less%4:02:00::` (used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs) - used as a modifier for an adjective (e.g., "less interesting").

    *   In the sentence "The less complicated version...", "less" modifies the adjective "complicated".
    *   This matches the definition "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs".

    *   Sense 1 is for quantity/degree (comparative of "little").
    *   Sense 2 is for modifying adjectives/adverbs to create a comparative.
    *   "Less complicated" clearly fits Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: version
Target surface form: version
Context:
We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes. The less complicated <t>version</t> of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners. Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=version%1:10:02:: | definition=a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form | synonyms=adaptation | examples=the play is an adaptation of a short novel
2. sense_key=version%1:10:01:: | definition=an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint | examples=his version of the fight was different from mine
3. sense_key=version%1:09:01:: | definition=something a little different from others of the same type | synonyms=variant, variation, edition | examples=an experimental version of the night fighter; a variant of the same word
4. sense_key=version%1:04:00:: | definition=manual turning of a fetus in the uterus (usually to aid delivery)
5. sense_key=version%1:10:00:: | definition=a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language | synonyms=translation, interlingual rendition, rendering
6. sense_key=version%1:09:00:: | definition=a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something | synonyms=interpretation, reading

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "version"
    *   Context: "The less complicated <t>version</t> of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners."
    *   Meaning: The text is comparing two ways of playing bells: "Change-ringing" (complex) and a "less complicated version" (playing tunes, like carillons).

    *   Sense 1: A written work recast in a new form (adaptation). (Not applicable - not a written work).
    *   Sense 2: An interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint. (Not applicable - not a viewpoint/story).
    *   Sense 3: Something a little different from others of the same type (variant, variation, edition). (Applicable - a different way/variant of playing bells).
    *   Sense 4: Manual turning of a fetus. (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 5: A written communication in a second language (translation). (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 6: A mental representation of meaning (interpretation, reading). (Not applicable).

    *   The context describes two different methods of playing bells. One is "Change-ringing" and the other is "playing tunes on bells."
    *   "The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells" refers to a variant or variation of the activity of bell-ringing.
    *   Sense 3 ("something a little different from others of the same type", synonyms: "variant, variation") fits perfectly.