[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: standing
Target surface form: standing
Context:
If these assumptions hold, voters in races for Congress face what in economic theory is called a prisoner's dilemma and have an incentive, at the margin, to lean Democratic. If they put a Republican into office, not only will they acquire less in terms of local benefits but their selected legislator will be relatively powerless to prevent other legislators from "bringing home the bacon "to their respective constituencies. Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's <t>standing</t> consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=standing%1:10:00:: | definition=an ordered listing of scores or results showing the relative positions of competitors (individuals or teams) in a sporting event
2. sense_key=standing%1:26:00:: | definition=social or financial or professional status or reputation | examples=of equal standing; a member in good standing
3. sense_key=standing%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of assuming or maintaining an erect upright position

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `standing`
    *   Target surface form: `standing`
    *   Context: "The individual voter's <t>standing</t> consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `standing%1:10:00::`: an ordered listing of scores or results showing the relative positions of competitors (individuals or teams) in a sporting event.
        2.  `standing%1:26:00::`: social or financial or professional status or reputation.
        3.  `standing%1:04:00::`: the act of assuming or maintaining an erect upright position.

    *   The sentence discusses economic theory, voters, legislators, taxes, and benefits.
    *   "The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes."
    *   In this context, "standing" refers to the voter's overall position, status, or financial well-being (financial status/reputation/position in society).

    *   Sense 1 (sporting event results): Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2 (social or financial or professional status or reputation): Fits well. "Financial status" aligns with "enhanced through lower taxes."
    *   Sense 3 (erect upright position): Not applicable.

    *   Sense 2 is the only one that makes sense in the context of financial improvement via lower taxes.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: enhance
Target surface form: enhanced
Context:
If these assumptions hold, voters in races for Congress face what in economic theory is called a prisoner's dilemma and have an incentive, at the margin, to lean Democratic. If they put a Republican into office, not only will they acquire less in terms of local benefits but their selected legislator will be relatively powerless to prevent other legislators from "bringing home the bacon "to their respective constituencies. Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be <t>enhanced</t> through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=enhance%2:30:00:: | definition=increase | synonyms=heighten, raise | examples=This will enhance your enjoyment; heighten the tension
2. sense_key=enhance%2:30:01:: | definition=make better or more attractive | examples=This sauce will enhance the flavor of the meat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `enhance`
    *   Target surface form: `enhanced`
    *   Context: "The individual voter's standing consequently will be <t>enhanced</t> through lower taxes."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `enhance%2:30:00::` | definition=increase | synonyms=heighten, raise | examples=This will enhance your enjoyment; heighten the tension
        2.  `enhance%2:30:01::` | definition=make better or more attractive | examples=This sauce will enhance the flavor of the meat

    *   The sentence says: "The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes."
    *   "Standing" here refers to the voter's position, status, or overall situation (economic/social).
    *   "Enhanced through lower taxes" means their situation is improved or made better.

    *   Sense 1: "increase" (heighten, raise). This often refers to intensity, amount, or degree (e.g., enjoyment, tension).
    *   Sense 2: "make better or more attractive". This refers to quality or value (e.g., flavor).

    *   Does "standing" increase (Sense 1) or get made better (Sense 2)?
    *   In the context of "standing" (status/position), "enhanced" usually means improved.
    *   Comparing "increase" vs "make better":
        *   If someone's standing is "increased", it sounds like a quantity.
        *   If someone's standing is "enhanced", it means it's improved.
    *   Let's look at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "enhance your enjoyment" (increase the amount of enjoyment).
        *   Sense 2: "enhance the flavor" (make the flavor better).
    *   "Standing" (status/position) is more like a quality or a state of being that is improved rather than a quantity that is increased. However, "standing" can also be seen as a level.
    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate. "Standing" in this context (economic theory, taxes) likely refers to the voter's relative economic position or well-being.
    *   If taxes are lower, the voter's financial position is *better*.
    *   Sense 1 (increase) vs Sense 2 (make better).
    *   Usually, "enhance" in the sense of "improve" is Sense 2. "Enhance" in the sense of "increase" (like intensity) is Sense 1.
    *   "Standing" (status/position) is improved.

    *   Sense 1: increase (heighten, raise).
    *   Sense 2: make better or more attractive.
    *   "Standing" is improved/made better.

    *   Sense 1: "enhance your enjoyment" (increase the level of enjoyment).
    *   Sense 2: "enhance the flavor" (improve the quality of the flavor).
    *   "Standing" (status/position) is more akin to quality/value (Sense 2) than intensity/amount (Sense 1).

    *   If I say "my standing in the community was enhanced," I mean it was improved.
    *   If I say "the tension was enhanced," I mean it was increased.
    *   The context "enhanced through lower taxes" suggests an improvement in the voter's situation.

    *   Sense 1: increase (heighten, raise)
    *   Sense 2: make better or more attractive
    *   "Standing" (status/position) is improved. Sense 2 fits "make better" best.

    *   Wait, let me double-check. Is "standing" something that is "increased"? You can "raise" someone's standing.
    *   If Sense 1 includes "raise", and "standing" can be "raised", could it be Sense 1?
    *   However, "make better" (Sense 2) is a more general and fitting description for "enhanced standing".

    *   Sense 1: increase (heighten, raise) - often used for intensity or degree.
    *   Sense 2: make better or more attractive - often used for quality or value.
    *   "Standing" (status) is a quality/value of one's position.

    *   Let's look at the context again: "The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes."
    *   This means the voter is in a better position. "Make better" (Sense 2) fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: increase (heighten, raise)
    *   Sense 2: make better or more attractive
    *   "Standing" = status/position.
    *   "Enhanced standing" = improved status/position.
    *   "Improved" = "made better".

    *   Sense 1: "enhance your enjoyment" (increase the amount/intensity).
    *   Sense 2: "enhance the flavor" (improve the quality).
    *   Standing is more like a quality/status than a quantity of enjoyment.

    *   Sense 2 is the most appropriate.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: simple
Target surface form: simple
Context:
If they put a Republican into office, not only will they acquire less in terms of local benefits but their selected legislator will be relatively powerless to prevent other legislators from "bringing home the bacon "to their respective constituencies. Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly <t>simple</t>, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 | definition=easy and not involved or complicated | synonyms=elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic | examples=an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson
2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00 | definition=lacking mental capacity and subtlety | synonyms=dim-witted, simple-minded
3. sense_key=simple%3:00:01:: | definition=(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions | synonyms=unsubdivided
4. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00 | definition=exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity | synonyms=childlike, wide-eyed, round-eyed, dewy-eyed | examples=childlike trust; dewy-eyed innocence
5. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 | definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | synonyms=bare, mere | examples=only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea
6. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: | definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples=a simple problem; simple mechanisms
7. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=unornamented | examples=a simple country schoolhouse; her black dress--simple to austerity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "simple"
    *   Context: "While this theory is exceedingly <t>simple</t>, it appears to explain several things."
    *   Meaning: The author is describing a theory. A "simple theory" is one that is not complex, has few assumptions, or is easy to understand.

    *   Sense 1: `easy and not involved or complicated` (elementary, uncomplicated). Examples: "elementary problem in statistics".
    *   Sense 2: `lacking mental capacity and subtlety` (dim-witted).
    *   Sense 3: `(botany) of leaf shapes`.
    *   Sense 4: `exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity` (naive).
    *   Sense 5: `apart from anything else; without additions or modifications` (bare, mere).
    *   Sense 6: `having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved`. Examples: "a simple problem; simple mechanisms".
    *   Sense 7: `unornamented` (plain).

    *   The context refers to a "theory".
    *   Sense 1 ("easy and not involved or complicated") and Sense 6 ("having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved") are very similar.
    *   Sense 1 often refers to the *difficulty* of a task or problem (easy).
    *   Sense 6 often refers to the *structure* or *composition* of something (not complex).
    *   A "simple theory" usually refers to its lack of complexity (Sense 6) rather than it being "easy" to solve (Sense 1), although they overlap.
    *   Looking at the synonyms for Sense 1: "elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic".
    *   Looking at the definition for Sense 6: "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved".
    *   In academic or theoretical contexts, "simple" usually means "not complex" (parsimonious).

    *   Sense 1: "easy and not involved or complicated"
    *   Sense 6: "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved"
    *   The distinction in WordNet between these two can be subtle. Sense 1 is often about the *experience* of the person dealing with it (it's easy), while Sense 6 is about the *inherent nature* of the object (it's not complex).
    *   "While this theory is exceedingly simple" refers to the nature of the theory itself.

    *   Sense 1: "elementary problem in statistics"
    *   Sense 6: "a simple problem; simple mechanisms"
    *   Wait, "simple problem" is listed in Sense 6, and "elementary problem" in Sense 1.
    *   A theory is more like a mechanism or a structure than a problem to be solved.

    *   Sense 1: easy, elementary.
    *   Sense 6: not complex, few parts.
    *   The context "While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things" suggests a contrast between the theory's lack of complexity and its explanatory power (Occam's razor principle). This aligns better with "not complex" (Sense 6) than "easy" (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: easy and not involved or complicated.
    *   Sense 6: having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved.
    *   Actually, looking closer at WordNet's structure (if I recall correctly), Sense 6 is often the primary sense for "not complex". Let's re-evaluate.
    *   "Simple" in "simple theory" = not complex.
    *   Sense 6: "not complex or complicated or involved".
    *   Sense 1: "easy and not involved or complicated".
    *   The phrase "exceedingly simple" in the context of a theory almost always means "not complex".

    *   Sense 1: easy/elementary.
    *   Sense 6: not complex/few parts.
    *   The theory isn't "easy" (as in effortless); it's "simple" (as in not complex).

    *   Sense 1: easy and not involved or complicated.
    *   Sense 6: having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved.
    *   If a theory is "simple", it means it doesn't have many variables or complex assumptions. This is "having few parts" or "not complex".

    *   Sense 1: easy, elementary, uncomplicated.
    *   Sense 6: not complex, not complicated.
    *   The context "While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things" is a classic way of describing a parsimonious model. Parsimony = lack of complexity.

    *   Sense 1: easy and not involved or complicated.
    *   Sense 6: having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved.
    *   Wait, "uncomplicated" is a synonym for Sense 1. "Not complicated" is the definition for Sense 6.
    *   Let's look at the examples again.
    *   Sense 1: "elementary problem in statistics"
    *   Sense 6: "a simple problem; simple mechanisms"
    *   This is very close. However, "simple mechanisms" (Sense 6) is much closer to "simple theory" than "elementary problem" (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: easy/elementary.
    *   Sense 6: not complex.
    *   The theory is not "easy" (though it might be), it is "not complex".

    *   Sense 1: easy and not involved or complicated.
    *   Sense 6: having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved.
    *   In many WordNet versions, Sense 6 is the one for "not complex".

    *   Sense 1: easy and not involved or complicated.
    *   Sense 6: having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved.
    *   The theory is "simple" in the sense that it is not complex. Sense 6 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: appear
Target surface form: appears
Context:
If they put a Republican into office, not only will they acquire less in terms of local benefits but their selected legislator will be relatively powerless to prevent other legislators from "bringing home the bacon "to their respective constituencies. Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it <t>appears</t> to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=appear%2:30:02:: | definition=come into being or existence, or appear on the scene | synonyms=come along | examples=Then the computer came along and changed our lives; Homo sapiens appeared millions of years ago
2. sense_key=appear%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, seem | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
3. sense_key=appear%2:30:01:: | definition=be issued or published | synonyms=come out | examples=Did your latest book appear yet?; The new Woody Allen film hasn't come out yet
4. sense_key=appear%2:41:03:: | definition=present oneself formally, as before a (judicial) authority | examples=He had to appear in court last month; She appeared on several charges of theft
5. sense_key=appear%2:30:00:: | definition=come into sight or view | examples=He suddenly appeared at the wedding; A new star appeared on the horizon
6. sense_key=appear%2:36:00:: | definition=appear as a character on stage or appear in a play, etc. | examples=Gielgud appears briefly in this movie; She appeared in `Hamlet' on the London stage
7. sense_key=appear%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=seem | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `appear`
    *   Target surface form: `appears`
    *   Context: "While this theory is exceedingly simple, it <t>appears</t> to explain several things."

    *   Sense 1: come into being or existence (e.g., Homo sapiens appeared).
    *   Sense 2: give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect (e.g., This appears to be a very difficult problem).
    *   Sense 3: be issued or published (e.g., Did your latest book appear yet?).
    *   Sense 4: present oneself formally (e.g., appear in court).
    *   Sense 5: come into sight or view (e.g., He suddenly appeared at the wedding).
    *   Sense 6: appear as a character on stage (e.g., Gielgud appears briefly in this movie).
    *   Sense 7: seem to be true, probable, or apparent (e.g., It appears that the weather in California is very bad).

    *   The sentence is: "While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things."
    *   Here, "appears" is used to express a perceived quality or a likely truth about the theory's ability to explain things.
    *   It's similar to "seems to explain."

    *   Sense 2: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" (Example: "This appears to be a very difficult problem").
    *   Sense 7: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" (Example: "It appears that the weather in California is very bad").

    *   Sense 2 often refers to the *outward appearance* or *impression* of a specific object/person (e.g., "He appears tired").
    *   Sense 7 often refers to a *situation* or a *proposition* seeming to be true (e.g., "It appears that...").
    *   In the sentence "it appears to explain several things," the "it" refers to "this theory." The theory *seems* to have the property of explaining several things.
    *   Let's look at the examples again.
        *   Sense 2: "This appears to be a very difficult problem." (The problem *seems* to be difficult).
        *   Sense 7: "It appears that the weather in California is very bad." (It *seems* that [proposition]).
    *   The target sentence "it appears to explain several things" follows the structure "it [subject] appears to [verb]," which is very similar to "This appears to be a very difficult problem" (Sense 2).
    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate Sense 7. "seem to be true, probable, or apparent."
    *   Actually, "it appears to explain" is almost identical in usage to "it seems to explain."
    *   Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 7:
        *   Sense 2: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" (look, seem).
        *   Sense 7: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" (seem).
    *   In "it appears to explain several things," the author is saying that based on the evidence, it *seems* to be the case that the theory explains several things. This is more about the *truth* or *probability* of the claim than an "outward aspect."
    *   However, Sense 2's example "This appears to be a very difficult problem" is very close to "This theory appears to explain several things."
    *   Let's look at the synonyms. Sense 2: look, seem. Sense 7: seem.
    *   Let's look at the structure again.
        *   Sense 2: [Subject] appears [to be/adj].
        *   Sense 7: It appears [that clause].
    *   The target sentence is "[Theory] appears to explain..."
    *   This matches the structure of Sense 2's example ("This appears to be a very difficult problem") better than Sense 7's example ("It appears that the weather...").

    *   Sense 2: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect"
    *   Sense 7: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent"
    *   If I say "The theory appears to be correct," is that Sense 2 or Sense 7?
    *   If I say "It appears that the theory is correct," that's definitely Sense 7.
    *   "The theory appears to explain several things" is a variation of "The theory seems to explain several things."
    *   Looking at WordNet (the source of these senses), Sense 2 is often used for "seem" when it's a linking verb (copula) followed by an adjective or "to be" phrase. Sense 7 is often used as an impersonal construction ("It appears that...").
    *   In "it appears to explain several things," "appears" is acting as a linking verb (or semi-auxiliary) followed by an infinitive. This aligns more closely with Sense 2.

    *   Sense 2: "This appears to be a very difficult problem." (Subject = This [problem])
    *   Target: "it appears to explain several things." (Subject = it [theory])
    *   The structure is identical.

    *   Sense 7: "It appears that the weather in California is very bad." (Subject = It [dummy subject])
    *   The target sentence has a real subject ("it" = "this theory"), not a dummy subject.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: explain
Target surface form: explain
Context:
If they put a Republican into office, not only will they acquire less in terms of local benefits but their selected legislator will be relatively powerless to prevent other legislators from "bringing home the bacon "to their respective constituencies. Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to <t>explain</t> several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=explain%2:32:00:: | definition=make plain and comprehensible | synonyms=explicate | examples=He explained the laws of physics to his students
2. sense_key=explain%2:32:02:: | definition=serve as a reason or cause or justification of | synonyms=excuse | examples=Your need to sleep late does not excuse your late arrival at work; Her recent divorce may explain her reluctance to date again
3. sense_key=explain%2:32:01:: | definition=define | examples=The committee explained their plan for fund-raising to the Dean

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `explain`
    *   Context: "While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to <t>explain</t> several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `make plain and comprehensible` (explicate) - e.g., explaining laws of physics.
        2.  `serve as a reason or cause or justification of` (excuse) - e.g., divorce explaining reluctance to date.
        3.  `define` - e.g., explaining a plan for fund-raising.

    *   The sentence says "this theory... appears to explain several things."
    *   The "things" being explained are phenomena (why ticket splitting has increased).
    *   In this context, "explain" means that the theory provides a reason or a causal account for why these phenomena occur.

    *   Sense 1 (make plain/comprehensible) is about teaching or clarifying a concept.
    *   Sense 2 (serve as a reason or cause) is about providing a causal explanation for a phenomenon or behavior.
    *   Sense 3 (define) is about detailing or specifying a plan.

    *   The theory serves as the reason/cause for the observed patterns of ticket splitting. This aligns perfectly with Sense 2.

    *   Sense 2: "serve as a reason or cause or justification of". Example: "Her recent divorce may explain her reluctance to date again."
    *   Context: "this theory... appears to explain several things [like] why ticket splitting has increased".
    *   The theory is the "reason" for the "thing" (ticket splitting).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: several
Target surface form: several
Context:
If they put a Republican into office, not only will they acquire less in terms of local benefits but their selected legislator will be relatively powerless to prevent other legislators from "bringing home the bacon "to their respective constituencies. Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain <t>several</t> things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=several%5:00:00:some:00 | definition=(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many | examples=several letters came in the mail; several people were injured in the accident
2. sense_key=several%5:00:00:individual:00 | definition=considered individually | synonyms=respective, various | examples=the respective club members; specialists in their several fields
3. sense_key=several%5:00:00:different:00 | definition=distinct and individual | examples=three several times

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "several"
    *   Target surface form: "several"
    *   Context: "...While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain <t>several</t> things. First, why ticket splitting has increased..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `several%5:00:00:some:00`: (used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many.
        2.  `several%5:00:00:individual:00`: considered individually (synonyms: respective, various).
        3.  `several%5:00:00:different:00`: distinct and individual.

    *   The sentence is: "While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things."
    *   "Several things" here refers to a small, indefinite number of items (points, reasons, or phenomena) that the theory explains.
    *   The text then proceeds to list these things ("First, why ticket splitting...").

    *   Sense 1: "of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many". This fits perfectly. "Several things" means a few things.
    *   Sense 2: "considered individually" (respective, various). This doesn't fit the usage "explain several things". You wouldn't say "explain respective things" or "explain various things" in the sense of "considered individually" here.
    *   Sense 3: "distinct and individual". While the things explained are distinct, the primary meaning of "several" in "several things" is the quantity (more than a few), not the quality of being distinct.

    *   The word "several" is used as a quantifier for the count noun "things".
    *   Sense 1 is the standard quantifier meaning.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: thing
Target surface form: things
Context:
If they put a Republican into office, not only will they acquire less in terms of local benefits but their selected legislator will be relatively powerless to prevent other legislators from "bringing home the bacon "to their respective constituencies. Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several <t>things</t>. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=thing%1:06:01:: | definition=an entity that is not named specifically | examples=I couldn't tell what the thing was
2. sense_key=thing%1:11:00:: | definition=an event | examples=a funny thing happened on the way to the...
3. sense_key=thing%1:09:01:: | definition=a special objective | examples=the thing is to stay in bounds
4. sense_key=thing%1:06:00:: | definition=an artifact | examples=how does this thing work?
5. sense_key=thing%1:09:00:: | definition=a special abstraction | examples=a thing of the spirit; things of the heart
6. sense_key=thing%1:12:00:: | definition=a persistent illogical feeling of desire or aversion | examples=he has a thing about seafood; she has a thing about him
7. sense_key=thing%1:04:00:: | definition=an action | examples=how could you do such a thing?
8. sense_key=thing%1:03:00:: | definition=a separate and self-contained entity
9. sense_key=thing%1:07:00:: | definition=any attribute or quality considered as having its own existence | examples=the thing I like about her is ...
10. sense_key=thing%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement regarded as an object | examples=to say the same thing in other terms; how can you say such a thing?
11. sense_key=thing%1:26:00:: | definition=a special situation | examples=this thing has got to end; it is a remarkable thing
12. sense_key=thing%1:09:02:: | definition=a vaguely specified concern | synonyms=matter, affair | examples=several matters to attend to; it is none of your affair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 12}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 12}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `thing`
    *   Target surface form: `things`
    *   Context: "While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several <t>things</t>. First, why ticket splitting has increased..."
    *   The word "things" refers to the phenomena or points that the theory explains.

    *   1: an entity that is not named specifically (too generic)
    *   2: an event (not exactly an event, but a phenomenon/fact)
    *   3: a special objective (incorrect)
    *   4: an artifact (incorrect)
    *   5: a special abstraction (incorrect)
    *   6: a persistent illogical feeling (incorrect)
    *   7: an action (incorrect)
    *   8: a separate and self-contained entity (too generic)
    *   9: any attribute or quality (incorrect)
    *   10: a statement regarded as an object (incorrect)
    *   11: a special situation (incorrect)
    *   12: a vaguely specified concern (synonyms: matter, affair)

    *   The sentence says the theory explains "several things."
    *   The "things" are then listed: "First, why ticket splitting has increased..."
    *   This refers to facts, phenomena, or matters.
    *   Looking at the senses again:
        *   Sense 1 (entity not named specifically) is very broad.
        *   Sense 12 (vaguely specified concern; synonyms: matter, affair) fits well when "things" refers to matters or points of discussion.
        *   Sense 8 (separate and self-contained entity) is the most basic definition of "thing."

    *   "Explain several things" usually means explain several facts, points, or matters.
    *   Sense 12: "a vaguely specified concern" (synonyms: matter, affair). "Explain several matters" fits well.
    *   Sense 1: "an entity that is not named specifically". This is often used for physical objects or very general concepts.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 12.
    *   In "explain several things," the "things" are the points/phenomena being explained.
    *   Sense 12 (matter, affair) is often used for "things to do" or "things to discuss."
    *   Sense 1 is the most general "entity."

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again: "an entity that is not named specifically".
    *   Let's look at Sense 8: "a separate and self-contained entity".
    *   Let's look at Sense 12: "a vaguely specified concern" (matter, affair).

    *   If I say "This theory explains several things," I mean it explains several *facts* or *phenomena*.
    *   Is a "fact" or "phenomenon" a "matter" (Sense 12)? Yes.
    *   Is it an "entity that is not named specifically" (Sense 1)? Yes, but that's very broad.

    *   Let's check other examples of "explain things".
    *   "The theory explains several things" -> "The theory explains several matters/points."
    *   Sense 12 synonyms: matter, affair.
    *   Sense 1: entity not named specifically.

    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 12 again.
    *   Sense 1: "I couldn't tell what the thing was." (Referring to an object or a specific unknown entity).
    *   Sense 12: "several matters to attend to." (Referring to topics, concerns, or points).

    *   In the context "explain several things," the "things" are the topics/points (like "why ticket splitting has increased"). This aligns better with "matters" (Sense 12) than with a generic "entity" (Sense 1).

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 12's definition: "a vaguely specified concern". Is "why ticket splitting has increased" a "concern"? Not necessarily a "concern" in the sense of worry, but a "matter" or "affair" in the sense of a topic.

    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. "an entity that is not named specifically".
    *   Actually, in many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "thing" in the sense of "fact/point/matter" is often mapped to the most general sense (Sense 1 or Sense 8) if a more specific "fact" sense isn't available. But Sense 12 specifically lists "matter" as a synonym.

    *   Let's re-read Sense 12: "a vaguely specified concern | synonyms=matter, affair | examples=several matters to attend to; it is none of your affair".
    *   "Explain several things" -> "Explain several matters". This fits.

    *   Let's check Sense 1 again: "an entity that is not named specifically | examples=I couldn't tell what the thing was". This feels more like a physical object or a specific unknown.

    *   Let's check Sense 8: "a separate and self-contained entity". This is the most abstract definition.

    *   Comparing "explain several things" (meaning points/facts) to the options:
        *   Sense 1: entity not named specifically.
        *   Sense 12: matter/affair.

    *   If the "things" are "why ticket splitting has increased...", these are points or matters. Sense 12 seems the most appropriate among the choices.

    *   Wait, let me search for "explain several things" in a corpus. It usually means "explain several facts/phenomena".
    *   Is a "fact" a "matter"? Yes.
    *   Is a "fact" an "entity"? In a very broad sense, yes.

    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 12 again: "several matters to attend to". This is very similar to "several things to explain".

    *   Let's double-check Sense 10: "a statement regarded as an object". "Explain several statements"? No.

    *   Let's double-check Sense 11: "a special situation". "Explain several situations"? Maybe, but "things" is more general.

    *   Let's reconsider Sense 1. In many WordNet-based tasks, the most general sense is used for "thing" when it refers to an abstract concept. But Sense 12's synonym "matter" is very strong here.

    *   Let's try to see if "thing" as "fact" is better represented by Sense 1 or Sense 12.
    *   Sense 1: "an entity that is not named specifically"
    *   Sense 12: "a vaguely specified concern" (matter, affair)

    *   "Explain several things" -> "Explain several matters".
    *   "Explain several things" -> "Explain several entities". (Doesn't sound right).

    *   Therefore, Sense 12 is the best fit.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 12 one more time. "a vaguely specified concern". Is "why ticket splitting has increased" a "concern"?
    *   In the sense of "a matter of concern" or "a matter to be dealt with," yes.
    *   Actually, "matter" in "a matter of fact" or "the matter at hand" fits "thing" in "the thing is..." or "explain several things."

    *   Let's check Sense 1 again. "an entity that is not named specifically".
    *   If I say "I have a few things to tell you," those "things" are "matters" or "points."
    *   If I say "This theory explains several things," those "things" are "matters" or "points."

    *   Let's look at Sense 12's synonyms: "matter, affair".
    *   "This theory explains several matters." (Correct)
    *   "This theory explains several affairs." (Less correct, but "affair" can mean a matter).

    *   Let's look at Sense 1's example: "I couldn't tell what the thing was." (This is clearly a specific object or entity).

    *   Conclusion: Sense 12 is the most fitting.

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 8: "a separate and self-contained entity". This is the most basic definition of "thing". Could it be Sense 8?
    *   "Explain several separate and self-contained entities"? No.

    *   Let's re-verify Sense 12. "a vaguely specified concern".
    *   Is "why ticket splitting has increased" a "concern"?
    *   In the context of a theory explaining it, it's a "matter" or a "point".
    *   Sense 12's synonym "matter" is the key.

    *   Let's quickly check if any other sense fits.
    *   Sense 2: event. (No)
    *   Sense 3: objective. (No)
    *   Sense 4: artifact. (No)
    *   Sense 5: abstraction. (No)
    *   Sense 6: feeling. (No)
    *   Sense 7: action. (No)
    *   Sense 9: attribute. (No)
    *   Sense 10: statement. (No)
    *   Sense 11: situation. (No)

    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 12 again.
    *   Sense 1: "an entity that is not named specifically"
    *   Sense 12: "a vaguely specified concern" (matter, affair)
    *   "Explain several things" -> "Explain several matters".
    *   This is a common usage of "thing" meaning "matter" or "point".

    *   Wait, let me search for "thing" in WordNet for "matter".
    *   `thing%1:12:00` is "a special situation" (Wait, the candidate senses provided are different).
    *   Let me re-read the candidate senses provided in the prompt.
    *   Sense 11: `thing%1:12:00:: | definition=a special situation | examples=this thing has got to end; it is a remarkable thing`
    *   Sense 12: `thing%1:09:02:: | definition=a vaguely specified concern | synonyms=matter, affair | examples=several matters to attend to; it is none of your affair`

    *   Okay, the sense keys in the prompt are:
        1. thing%1:06:01 (entity not named specifically)
        2. thing%1:11:00 (event)
        3. thing%1:09:01 (special objective)
        4. thing%1:06:00 (artifact)
        5. thing%1:09:00 (special abstraction)
        6. thing%1:12:00 (feeling)
        7. thing%1:04:00 (action)
        8. thing%1:03:00 (separate entity)
        9. thing%1:07:00 (attribute)
        10. thing%1:10:00 (statement)
        11. thing%1:26:00 (special situation)
        12. thing%1:09:02 (vaguely specified concern/matter/affair)

    *   Looking at these, Sense 12 (matter, affair) is definitely the best fit for "explain several things" (meaning explain several matters/points).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: increase
Target surface form: increased
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has <t>increased</t> and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=increase%2:30:02:: | definition=make bigger or more | examples=The boss finally increased her salary; The university increased the number of students it admitted
2. sense_key=increase%2:30:00:: | definition=become bigger or greater in amount | examples=The amount of work increased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `increase`
    *   Target surface form: `increased`
    *   Context: "First, why ticket splitting has <t>increased</t> and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `increase%2:30:02::` (transitive): make bigger or more (e.g., "The boss finally increased her salary").
        2.  `increase%2:30:00::` (intransitive): become bigger or greater in amount (e.g., "The amount of work increased").

    *   The sentence is: "...why ticket splitting has increased..."
    *   "Ticket splitting" is the subject of the verb "increased".
    *   The verb "increased" describes a change in the amount or frequency of "ticket splitting".
    *   There is no direct object following "increased".
    *   The meaning is that ticket splitting *became* more common/greater in amount.

    *   Sense 1 is transitive (requires an object: "make bigger or more").
    *   Sense 2 is intransitive (the subject becomes bigger or greater: "become bigger or greater in amount").

    *   The usage in the context is intransitive.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: taken
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and <t>taken</t> the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
2. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
3. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
4. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
5. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
6. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
7. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
8. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
9. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
10. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
11. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
12. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
13. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
14. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia
15. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
16. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
17. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
18. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
19. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
20. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
21. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
22. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
23. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
24. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
25. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
26. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
27. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
28. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
29. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
30. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
31. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
32. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
33. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
34. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
35. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
36. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
37. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
38. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
39. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
40. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
41. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
42. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 20}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 20}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `take`
    *   Target surface form: `taken`
    *   Context: "...First, why ticket splitting has increased and <t>taken</t> the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century..."

    *   The phrase is "taken the peculiar pattern that it has".
    *   Here, "taken" describes how "ticket splitting" (a phenomenon) has developed or acquired a specific form or characteristic ("the peculiar pattern").

    *   1: receive or obtain regularly (subscribe) - No.
    *   2: accept or undergo, often unwillingly (submit) - No.
    *   3: buy, select - No.
    *   4: proceed along in a vehicle (drive) - No.
    *   5: develop a habit - No.
    *   6: receive willingly - No.
    *   7: experience or feel or submit to - No.
    *   8: be seized or affected in a specified way (take sick) - No.
    *   9: remove something - No.
    *   10: take into consideration for exemplifying purposes - No.
    *   11: take somebody somewhere - No.
    *   12: be a student of - No.
    *   13: get into one's hands - No.
    *   14: be stricken by an illness - No.
    *   15: serve oneself to, or consume regularly - No.
    *   16: require as useful, just, or proper - No.
    *   17: have sex with - No.
    *   18: make a film or photograph - No.
    *   19: ascertain or determine by measuring - No.
    *   20: take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect (synonyms: assume, acquire, adopt, take on; examples: "His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn") - This fits perfectly. "Ticket splitting... has taken the peculiar pattern..." means it has assumed or acquired that pattern.
    *   21: pick out, select - No.
    *   22: lay claim to - No.
    *   23: take something or somebody with oneself - No.
    *   24: admit into a group - No.
    *   25: obtain by winning - No.
    *   26: take into one's possession - No.
    *   27: be capable of holding or containing - No.
    *   28: require (time or space) - No.
    *   29: assume, as of positions or roles - No.
    *   30: head into a specified direction - No.
    *   31: point or cause to go - No.
    *   32: take by force - No.
    *   33: get into a position of having (safety, comfort) - No.
    *   34: make use of or accept for some purpose - No.
    *   35: carry out - No.
    *   36: be designed to hold or take - No.
    *   37: take as an undesirable consequence - No.
    *   38: travel or go by means of transportation - No.
    *   39: occupy or take on (assume the lotus position) - This is more about physical posture or a specific seat.
    *   40: engage for service - No.
    *   41: interpret something in a certain way - No.
    *   42: have with oneself - No.

    *   Sense 20: "take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn"
    *   Context: "...ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has..."
    *   Comparison: "taken the peculiar pattern" is very similar to "took a new turn" or "took on a sad tone". It describes the acquisition of a characteristic or form.

    *   Sense 20 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the <t>past</t> half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%3:00:00:: | definition=earlier than the present time; no longer current | examples=time past; his youth is past
2. sense_key=past%5:00:00:outgoing:00 | definition=of a person who has held and relinquished a position or office | synonyms=preceding, retiring | examples=a retiring member of the board

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `past`
    *   Target surface form: `past`
    *   Context: "...why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the <t>past</t> half century..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `past%3:00:00::`: earlier than the present time; no longer current.
        2.  `past%5:00:00:outgoing:00`: of a person who has held and relinquished a position or office.

    *   The phrase is "the past half century".
    *   "Half century" refers to a period of time (50 years).
    *   "Past" here modifies "half century", meaning the 50 years preceding the present moment.

    *   Sense 1: "earlier than the present time; no longer current". This fits perfectly with a time period preceding the present.
    *   Sense 2: "of a person who has held and relinquished a position or office". This refers to people (e.g., a past president), not a duration of time.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: election
Target surface form: election
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the <t>election</t> of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=election%1:26:00:: | definition=the status or fact of being elected | examples=they celebrated his election
2. sense_key=election%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of selecting someone or something; the exercise of deliberate choice | examples=her election of medicine as a profession
3. sense_key=election%1:04:01:: | definition=a vote to select the winner of a position or political office | examples=the results of the election will be announced tonight
4. sense_key=election%1:09:00:: | definition=the predestination of some individuals as objects of divine mercy (especially as conceived by Calvinists)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "election"
    *   Target surface form: "election"
    *   Context: "...Prior to the <t>election</t> of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `election%1:26:00::`: the status or fact of being elected (e.g., "they celebrated his election").
        2.  `election%1:04:00::`: the act of selecting someone or something; the exercise of deliberate choice (e.g., "her election of medicine as a profession").
        3.  `election%1:04:01::`: a vote to select the winner of a position or political office (e.g., "the results of the election will be announced tonight").
        4.  `election%1:09:00::`: the predestination of some individuals as objects of divine mercy.

    *   The sentence is: "Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president..."
    *   This refers to the event/process of Franklin Roosevelt being chosen as president through a political vote.

    *   Sense 1: "the status or fact of being elected". This describes the *state* of having been elected.
    *   Sense 2: "the act of selecting someone or something; the exercise of deliberate choice". This is a general sense of choosing.
    *   Sense 3: "a vote to select the winner of a position or political office". This specifically refers to the political process of voting for a candidate.
    *   Sense 4: "the predestination...". Irrelevant.

    *   The context "election of Franklin Roosevelt as president" refers to the political event/process of voting him into office.
    *   Sense 3 ("a vote to select the winner of a position or political office") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 1 ("the status or fact of being elected") is close, but "Prior to the election of..." usually refers to the event/process rather than the resulting status.
    *   Sense 2 is too general.

    *   The phrase "the election of [Person] as [Office]" typically refers to the event/process of the vote (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 3 is the most precise fit for a political election.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: president
Target surface form: president
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as <t>president</t> and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=president%1:18:04:: | definition=the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government | synonyms=President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive | examples=the President likes to jog every morning
2. sense_key=president%1:18:02:: | definition=the head administrative officer of a college or university | synonyms=prexy
3. sense_key=president%1:18:03:: | definition=the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization | synonyms=chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson | examples=address your remarks to the chairperson
4. sense_key=president%1:04:04:: | definition=the office of the United States head of state | synonyms=President of the United States, Chief Executive | examples=a President is elected every four years
5. sense_key=president%1:18:01:: | definition=an executive officer of a firm or corporation
6. sense_key=president%1:18:00:: | definition=the chief executive of a republic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `president`
    *   Target surface form: `president`
    *   Context: "...Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as <t>president</t> and the advent of the New Deal..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `president%1:18:04::`: the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government.
        2.  `president%1:18:02::`: the head administrative officer of a college or university.
        3.  `president%1:18:03::`: the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization.
        4.  `president%1:04:04::`: the office of the United States head of state.
        5.  `president%1:18:01::`: an executive officer of a firm or corporation.
        6.  `president%1:18:00::`: the chief executive of a republic.

    *   The sentence mentions "Franklin Roosevelt as president".
    *   Franklin Roosevelt was the President of the United States.
    *   The context discusses "national policy making", "White House", "GOP president", "election of Franklin Roosevelt", and "the New Deal".
    *   This clearly refers to the head of state of the United States.

    *   Sense 1: "the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government" (Person)
    *   Sense 4: "the office of the United States head of state" (Office/Position)
    *   Sense 6: "the chief executive of a republic" (General)

    *   The phrase is "the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president".
    *   In this construction ("X as president"), "president" usually refers to the role or the person holding the role.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 4:
        *   Sense 1: The person.
        *   Sense 4: The office.
    *   Usually, when someone is elected "as president", they are elected to the *office* or they become the *person* who holds that office.
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "the President likes to jog every morning" (Refers to the person).
        *   Sense 4: "a President is elected every four years" (Refers to the office/role).
    *   In "the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president", Roosevelt is the person being elected to the position.
    *   Wait, let's look at the candidate senses again.
        *   Sense 1: `president%1:18:04::` (Person)
        *   Sense 4: `president%1:04:04::` (Office)
    *   In the context "election of Franklin Roosevelt as president", "president" describes the role he assumed.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 4.
        *   Sense 1: "the person who holds the office..."
        *   Sense 4: "the office of the United States head of state"
    *   If I say "He was elected president", I am saying he was elected to the office of president.
    *   However, in most WSD tasks, "president" in this context refers to the person/role (Sense 1) rather than the abstract office (Sense 4).
    *   Let's check Sense 6: "the chief executive of a republic". This is more general. Since the context is specifically about the US (White House, GOP, Franklin Roosevelt), Sense 1 is more specific and accurate than Sense 6.

    *   Sense 1: Person who holds the office.
    *   Sense 4: The office itself.
    *   "Election of Franklin Roosevelt as president" -> Roosevelt became the person who holds the office.
    *   Usually, "as [title]" refers to the role/person.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms:
        *   Sense 1: President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive.
        *   Sense 4: President of the United States, Chief Executive.
    *   They are very similar. But Sense 1 is the person, Sense 4 is the office.
    *   In "election of Franklin Roosevelt as president", Roosevelt is the subject, and "president" is the complement. He is the person.

    *   Sense 1: Person (US)
    *   Sense 2: Person (University)
    *   Sense 3: Person (Organization)
    *   Sense 4: Office (US)
    *   Sense 5: Person (Corporation)
    *   Sense 6: Person (Republic - general)

    The context is specifically the US President. Sense 1 is the most precise fit for the person Franklin Roosevelt.

    *Self-Correction:* Is it the office (Sense 4) or the person (Sense 1)?
    "Election of [Person] as [Role/Title]".
    If I say "He was elected king", "king" is the role/person.
    If I say "The presidency is a difficult job", "presidency" is the office.
    "President" can be both. But in "Franklin Roosevelt as president", it's describing Roosevelt. Roosevelt is a person. Therefore, Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: advent
Target surface form: advent
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the <t>advent</t> of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=advent%1:11:00:: | definition=(Christian theology) the reappearance of Jesus as judge for the Last Judgment | synonyms=Second Coming, Second Coming of Christ, Second Advent, Parousia
2. sense_key=advent%1:04:00:: | definition=arrival that has been awaited (especially of something momentous) | synonyms=coming | examples=the advent of the computer
3. sense_key=advent%1:28:01:: | definition=the season including the four Sundays preceding Christmas

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `advent`
    *   Target surface form: `advent`
    *   Context: "...Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the <t>advent</t> of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  (Christian theology) the reappearance of Jesus as judge for the Last Judgment.
        2.  Arrival that has been awaited (especially of something momentous). Example: "the advent of the computer".
        3.  The season including the four Sundays preceding Christmas.

    *   The sentence refers to the "advent of the New Deal".
    *   The "New Deal" was a series of programs and reforms enacted by Franklin D. Roosevelt.
    *   In this context, "advent" refers to the arrival or beginning of the New Deal.

    *   Sense 1 (Theology/Jesus) is irrelevant.
    *   Sense 2 (Arrival of something momentous) fits perfectly. The New Deal was a momentous event/period in US history.
    *   Sense 3 (Christmas season) is irrelevant.

    *   The best sense is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: government
Target surface form: government
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, <t>government</t> occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=government%1:09:00:: | definition=(government) the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed | examples=tyrannical government
2. sense_key=government%1:09:01:: | definition=the study of government of states and other political units | synonyms=politics, political science
3. sense_key=government%1:14:00:: | definition=the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit | synonyms=authorities, regime | examples=the government reduced taxes; the matter was referred to higher authorities
4. sense_key=government%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of governing; exercising authority | synonyms=governing, governance, government activity, administration | examples=regulations for the governing of state prisons; he had considerable experience of government

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `government`
    *   Target surface form: `government`
    *   Context: "...Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, <t>government</t> occupied a much smaller role in society..."

    *   Sense 1: `government%1:09:00` - The system or form by which a community is governed (e.g., tyrannical government).
    *   Sense 2: `government%1:09:01` - The study of government (politics, political science).
    *   Sense 3: `government%1:14:00` - The organization that is the governing authority of a political unit (authorities, regime).
    *   Sense 4: `government%1:04:00` - The act of governing; exercising authority (governing, governance).

    *   The sentence says "government occupied a much smaller role in society".
    *   This refers to the entity/organization (the US federal government) and its scope of activity/influence.
    *   Sense 1 (system/form) is too abstract.
    *   Sense 2 (study) is clearly wrong.
    *   Sense 4 (act of governing) describes the process, but "occupied a role in society" usually refers to the institution/organization itself.
    *   Sense 3 (the organization/governing authority) fits best. When people say "the government's role in society," they are usually referring to the institution/organization that exercises power.

    *   Sense 3: "the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit".
    *   Example: "the government reduced taxes".
    *   In the context of the New Deal and FDR, the "government" (the US federal government as an organization/authority) expanded its role.

    *   Sense 1: System/Form (e.g., democracy, monarchy).
    *   Sense 3: The actual body/organization (e.g., the Biden administration, the US government).
    *   Sense 4: The act/process of governing.
    *   "Government occupied a much smaller role in society" refers to the institution's reach and power. This aligns most closely with Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: occupy
Target surface form: occupied
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government <t>occupied</t> a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=occupy%2:40:08:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=take, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
2. sense_key=occupy%2:41:04:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, take | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
3. sense_key=occupy%2:42:04:: | definition=be on the mind of | synonyms=concern, interest, worry | examples=I worry about the second Germanic consonant shift
4. sense_key=occupy%2:33:00:: | definition=march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation | synonyms=invade | examples=Hitler invaded Poland on September 1, 1939
5. sense_key=occupy%2:42:01:: | definition=occupy the whole of | synonyms=fill | examples=The liquid fills the container
6. sense_key=occupy%2:31:00:: | definition=consume all of one's attention or time | synonyms=absorb, engross, engage | examples=Her interest in butterflies absorbs her completely
7. sense_key=occupy%2:41:00:: | definition=keep busy with | synonyms=busy | examples=She busies herself with her butterfly collection
8. sense_key=occupy%2:42:00:: | definition=live (in a certain place) | synonyms=reside, lodge in | examples=She resides in Princeton; he occupies two rooms on the top floor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `occupy`
    *   Target surface form: `occupied`
    *   Context: "...Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government <t>occupied</t> a much smaller role in society..."

    *   Sense 1: `require (time or space)` (take, use up) - e.g., "It took three hours..."
    *   Sense 2: `assume, as of positions or roles` (fill, take) - e.g., "he occupies the position of manager"
    *   Sense 3: `be on the mind of` (concern, interest, worry) - e.g., "I worry about..."
    *   Sense 4: `march aggressively into another's territory by military force...` (invade) - e.g., "Hitler invaded Poland..."
    *   Sense 5: `occupy the whole of` (fill) - e.g., "The liquid fills the container"
    *   Sense 6: `consume all of one's attention or time` (absorb, engross, engage) - e.g., "Her interest in butterflies absorbs her..."
    *   Sense 7: `keep busy with` (busy) - e.g., "She busies herself with..."
    *   Sense 8: `live (in a certain place)` (reside, lodge in) - e.g., "he occupies two rooms..."

    *   The sentence is: "...government occupied a much smaller role in society..."
    *   Here, "occupied" is used in the sense of holding or filling a specific role or position (a "smaller role in society").
    *   Comparing this to the candidate senses:
        *   Sense 1 (require time/space): Not quite. While a role takes up "space" in a metaphorical sense, Sense 2 is more specific to roles.
        *   Sense 2 (assume positions or roles): "assume, as of positions or roles" / "fill, take". Example: "he occupies the position of manager". This fits perfectly. The government "occupied a role".
        *   Sense 3 (be on the mind of): Incorrect.
        *   Sense 4 (military force): Incorrect.
        *   Sense 5 (occupy the whole of): Incorrect.
        *   Sense 6 (consume attention): Incorrect.
        *   Sense 7 (keep busy): Incorrect.
        *   Sense 8 (live in): Incorrect.

    *   The phrase "occupied a ... role" is a classic usage of Sense 2 (assuming/filling a position or role).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: role
Target surface form: role
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller <t>role</t> in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=role%1:04:00:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, part | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
2. sense_key=role%1:09:00:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, theatrical role, part, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
3. sense_key=role%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=function, purpose, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
4. sense_key=role%1:04:01:: | definition=normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting | examples=what is your role on the team?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `role`
    *   Target surface form: `role`
    *   Context: "...government occupied a much smaller <t>role</t> in society..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `role%1:04:00`: actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group (synonyms: function, office, part).
        2.  `role%1:09:00`: an actor's portrayal of someone in a play (synonyms: character, theatrical role, part, persona).
        3.  `role%1:07:00`: what something is used for (synonyms: function, purpose, use).
        4.  `role%1:04:01`: normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting.

    *   The sentence is: "Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society..."
    *   Here, "role" refers to the extent of the government's involvement, its functions, and the activities it performs within society.

    *   Sense 1 (`role%1:04:00`): "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group". This fits well. The government is a "group" (or entity), and its "role" refers to the actions and activities it performs in society.
    *   Sense 2 (`role%1:09:00`): "an actor's portrayal...". Clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 3 (`role%1:07:00`): "what something is used for". This is more about the purpose of a tool or object (e.g., "the function of an auger"). While "function" is a synonym, the context of "government in society" is more about the activities it performs (Sense 1) than what the government is "used for" as a tool.
    *   Sense 4 (`role%1:04:01`): "normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting". This is similar to Sense 1 but more focused on a "person" in a "social setting" (like a team). Sense 1 is broader ("person or group").

    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group". The government is a group/entity.
    *   Sense 3 is about the "use" or "purpose" of an object.
    *   Sense 4 is about a "person" in a "social setting".
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3: "Government occupied a smaller role" means the government did fewer things, had fewer responsibilities, and performed fewer functions. This aligns perfectly with "actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a... group".

    *   Sense 1: `role%1:04:00`
    *   Sense 2: `role%1:09:00`
    *   Sense 3: `role%1:07:00`
    *   Sense 4: `role%1:04:01`

    Wait, let me re-read the candidate senses provided in the prompt:
    1. `role%1:04:00`
    2. `role%1:09:00`
    3. `role%1:07:00`
    4. `role%1:04:01`

    The context "government occupied a much smaller role in society" refers to the function/part the government plays. Sense 1's definition "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group" and synonyms "function, office, part" fit best.

    *   Sense 1: actions/activities of a person or group. (Fits "government")
    *   Sense 3: what something is used for. (Fits "tool")
    *   Sense 4: customary activity of a person in a social setting. (Fits "team member")

    The government is a group/entity. Its "role in society" is the set of functions and activities it performs. This is Sense 1.