[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: high
Target surface form: high
Context:
Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a <t>high</t> degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=high%5:00:00:malodorous:00 | definition=(used of the smell of meat) smelling spoiled or tainted | synonyms=gamey, gamy
2. sense_key=high%5:00:00:intoxicated:00 | definition=slightly and pleasantly intoxicated from alcohol or a drug (especially marijuana) | synonyms=mellow
3. sense_key=high%5:00:00:elated:00 | definition=happy and excited and energetic | synonyms=in high spirits
4. sense_key=high%3:00:01:: | definition=(literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like `knee-high') | examples=a high mountain; high ceilings
5. sense_key=high%3:00:02:: | definition=greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount | examples=a high temperature; a high price
6. sense_key=high%5:00:00:superior:01 | definition=standing above others in quality or position | synonyms=eminent | examples=people in high places; the high priest
7. sense_key=high%3:00:03:: | definition=used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency | synonyms=high-pitched

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `high`
    *   Target surface form: `high`
    *   Context: "...Fernando Gomes, a <t>high</t> degree of Committee of the Regions..."
    *   Wait, let me re-read the context carefully.
    *   Context snippet: "Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a <t>high</t> degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament..."

    *   Looking at the sentence: "Fernando Gomes, a <t>high</t> degree of Committee of the Regions"
    *   This phrasing is very strange. "a high degree of Committee of the Regions" doesn't make semantic sense in English.
    *   Let's look at the surrounding text. It's a list of people and their titles/affiliations.
    *   Cristina Louro (Directorate, European Commission)
    *   Fernando Gomes (something) Committee of the Regions
    *   Barbara Weiler (Member of the European Parliament)
    *   José Maria Gil-Robles (Vice-President, European Parliament)
    *   John Carroll (Economic and Social Committee)

    *   Is it possible the text is corrupted? "a high degree of Committee of the Regions" sounds like a transcription error or a bad OCR.
    *   However, I must disambiguate the word "high" as it appears in the provided context.
    *   In the phrase "a high degree of...", "high" typically modifies "degree".
    *   "High degree" usually means a large amount or a great extent.

    *   Sense 1: malodorous (smelling spoiled) - No.
    *   Sense 2: intoxicated - No.
    *   Sense 3: elated - No.
    *   Sense 4: elevation/upward extension - No.
    *   Sense 5: greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount - Yes. ("a high temperature", "a high price", "a high degree").
    *   Sense 6: superior in quality or position - No (though "high official" would be, "high degree" is about amount/intensity).
    *   Sense 7: high in pitch - No.

    *   Even though the sentence "a high degree of Committee of the Regions" is nonsensical, the collocation "high degree" strongly points to Sense 5 (greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount).

    *   Wait, let me look at the context again. Could "high" be modifying something else?
    *   "Fernando Gomes, a <t>high</t> degree of Committee of the Regions"
    *   If it were "a high-ranking member of the Committee of the Regions", it would be Sense 6.
    *   But the text says "a high degree of".
    *   In "a high degree of [something]", "high" always means "great" or "large" (Sense 5).

    *   Sense 5: "greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount"
    *   Example: "a high temperature", "a high price".
    *   "A high degree" fits this pattern perfectly.

    *   Is there any other possibility?
    *   Could "high" be part of a title? No.
    *   Could it be Sense 6 (superior position)? "High" in "high degree" doesn't mean superior position; "degree" is the thing being measured.

    *   The phrase "a high degree of Committee of the Regions" is almost certainly a mistake in the source text (perhaps it should have been "a high-ranking member of the Committee of the Regions" or "a high degree of [something else]"), but based on the words provided ("high degree"), Sense 5 is the only one that fits the linguistic structure.

    *   Sense 5: greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount.
    *   This matches "high" in "high degree".


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: committee
Target surface form: Committee
Context:
Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of <t>Committee</t> of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=committee%1:14:00:: | definition=a special group delegated to consider some matter;  - Milton Berle | synonyms=commission | examples=a committee is a group that keeps minutes and loses hours
2. sense_key=committee%1:14:01:: | definition=a self-constituted organization to promote something | synonyms=citizens committee

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `committee`
    *   Target surface form: `Committee`
    *   Context: "...Fernando Gomes, a high degree of <t>Committee</t> of the Regions..." (Wait, the text says "a high degree of Committee of the Regions", which looks like a transcription error, but the entity is clearly the "Committee of the Regions").
    *   Other mentions: "Economic and Social Committee".

    *   Sense 1: `committee%1:14:00` - "a special group delegated to consider some matter" (synonym: commission).
    *   Sense 2: `committee%1:14:01` - "a self-constituted organization to promote something" (synonym: citizens committee).

    *   The "Committee of the Regions" is an official body of the European Union.
    *   It is a delegated body (part of the EU structure) tasked with representing local and regional authorities.
    *   It is not a "self-constituted organization" (like a grassroots citizens' committee).
    *   It fits the definition of a "special group delegated to consider some matter" (or a formal administrative body/commission).

    *   Sense 1 is the standard meaning for official, delegated bodies (like government committees, commissions, etc.).
    *   Sense 2 is for voluntary, self-organized groups.

    *   The "Committee of the Regions" is a formal EU institution. Sense 1 is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: member
Target surface form: Member
Context:
Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, <t>Member</t> of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=member%1:08:00:: | definition=an external body part that projects from the body | synonyms=extremity, appendage | examples=it is important to keep the extremities warm
2. sense_key=member%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations) | examples=the library was a member of the interlibrary loan association; Canada is a member of the United Nations
3. sense_key=member%1:18:00:: | definition=one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | synonyms=fellow member | examples=only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty
4. sense_key=member%1:24:00:: | definition=anything that belongs to a set or class | examples=snakes are members of the class Reptilia; members of the opposite sex
5. sense_key=member%1:08:01:: | definition=the male organ of copulation (`member' is a euphemism) | synonyms=penis, phallus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `member`
    *   Target surface form: `Member`
    *   Context: "...Barbara Weiler, <t>Member</t> of the European Parliament..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  External body part (extremity).
        2.  Organization that is a member of another organization.
        3.  Person who composes a social group/organization.
        4.  Anything belonging to a set or class.
        5.  Male organ of copulation.

    *   The phrase is "Member of the European Parliament".
    *   Barbara Weiler is a person.
    *   The European Parliament is a legislative body/organization.
    *   Therefore, Barbara Weiler is a person who is part of that organization.

    *   Sense 1: Body part (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 2: Organization that is a member of another organization (Incorrect - Barbara Weiler is a person, not an organization).
    *   Sense 3: One of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) (Correct - fits perfectly).
    *   Sense 4: Anything that belongs to a set or class (Too general; Sense 3 is more specific to people in organizations).
    *   Sense 5: Male organ (Incorrect).

    *   The best fit is sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parliament
Target surface form: Parliament
Context:
Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European <t>Parliament</t> José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parliament%1:04:00:: | definition=a card game in which you play your sevens and other cards in sequence in the same suit as the sevens; you win if you are the first to use all your cards | synonyms=fantan, sevens
2. sense_key=parliament%1:14:00:: | definition=a legislative assembly in certain countries

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `parliament`
    *   Target surface form: `Parliament`
    *   Context: "...Barbara Weiler, Member of the European <t>Parliament</t> José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `parliament%1:04:00::`: A card game.
        2.  `parliament%1:14:00::`: A legislative assembly in certain countries.

    *   The context mentions "Member of the European Parliament" and "Vice-President, European Parliament".
    *   The European Parliament is a well-known legislative body of the European Union.

    *   Sense 1 (card game) is clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (legislative assembly) fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parliament
Target surface form: Parliament
Context:
Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European <t>Parliament</t> and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parliament%1:04:00:: | definition=a card game in which you play your sevens and other cards in sequence in the same suit as the sevens; you win if you are the first to use all your cards | synonyms=fantan, sevens
2. sense_key=parliament%1:14:00:: | definition=a legislative assembly in certain countries

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `parliament`
    *   Target surface form: `Parliament`
    *   Context: "...Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European <t>Parliament</t> and John Carroll..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `parliament%1:04:00::`: A card game.
        2.  `parliament%1:14:00::`: A legislative assembly in certain countries.

    *   The context mentions "Member of the European Parliament" and "Vice-President, European Parliament".
    *   The European Parliament is a legislative body.

    *   Sense 1 is a card game. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2 is a legislative assembly. (Correct)

    *   The best sense index is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: economic
Target surface form: Economic
Context:
Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, <t>Economic</t> and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=economic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to the science of economics | examples=economic theory
2. sense_key=economic%5:00:00:efficient:00 | definition=using the minimum of time or resources necessary for effectiveness | synonyms=economical | examples=an economic use of home heating oil; a modern economical heating system
3. sense_key=economic%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to an economy, the system of production and management of material wealth | synonyms=economical | examples=economic growth; aspects of social, political, and economical life
4. sense_key=economic%5:00:00:profitable:00 | definition=financially rewarding | examples=it was no longer economic to keep the factory open; have to keep prices high enough to make it economic to continue the service
5. sense_key=economic%5:00:00:worldly:00 | definition=concerned with worldly necessities of life (especially money) | examples=he wrote the book primarily for economic reasons; gave up the large house for economic reasons

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `economic`
    *   Target surface form: `Economic`
    *   Context: "...John Carroll, <t>Economic</t> and Social Committee."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `economic%3:01:00::`: relating to the science of economics.
        2.  `economic%5:00:00:efficient:00`: efficient (economical).
        3.  `economic%3:01:01::`: relating to an economy (system of production/management of wealth).
        4.  `economic%5:00:00:profitable:00`: financially rewarding.
        5.  `economic%5:00:00:worldly:00`: concerned with worldly necessities (money).

    *   The word "Economic" appears in the phrase "Economic and Social Committee".
    *   This is a proper noun phrase referring to a specific organization (likely the European Economic and Social Committee - EESC).
    *   The "Economic and Social Committee" deals with the economy of a region/union and social issues.

    *   Sense 1: Science of economics (theory).
    *   Sense 2: Efficient (saving resources).
    *   Sense 3: Relating to an economy (the system of production and management of material wealth).
    *   Sense 4: Profitable.
    *   Sense 5: Worldly necessities.

    *   The "Economic and Social Committee" is concerned with the *economy* (the system) and social affairs, not the *science* of economics (Sense 1), efficiency (Sense 2), profitability (Sense 4), or personal worldly necessities (Sense 5).
    *   Sense 3 ("of or relating to an economy, the system of production and management of material wealth") fits best for an organization that manages or advises on the economic state of a region.

    *   Sense 3: "of or relating to an economy, the system of production and management of material wealth". Examples: "economic growth; aspects of social, political, and economical life".
    *   The context "Economic and Social Committee" mirrors "social, political, and economical life".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: social
Target surface form: Social
Context:
Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and <t>Social</t> Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=social%5:00:00:gregarious:00 | definition=tending to move or live together in groups or colonies of the same kind | examples=ants are social insects
2. sense_key=social%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to human society and its members | synonyms=societal | examples=social institutions; societal evolution
3. sense_key=social%5:00:00:friendly:01 | definition=marked by friendly companionship with others | examples=a social cup of coffee
4. sense_key=social%3:01:02:: | definition=relating to or belonging to or characteristic of high society | examples=made fun of her being so social and high-toned; a social gossip colum
5. sense_key=social%3:00:00:: | definition=living together or enjoying life in communities or organized groups | examples=a human being is a social animal; mature social behavior
6. sense_key=social%5:00:00:sociable:00 | definition=composed of sociable people or formed for the purpose of sociability | examples=a purely social club; the church has a large social hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `social`
    *   Target surface form: `Social`
    *   Context: "...John Carroll, Economic and <t>Social</t> Committee."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses public welfare, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs, social exclusion, social partners, and the European Commission. It's talking about policy, government, and societal structures.

    *   Sense 1: `gregarious` (animals/insects living in groups). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: `relating to human society and its members` (societal). -> Fits well (Economic and Social Committee deals with societal/societal issues).
    *   Sense 3: `friendly` (companionship). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: `high society` (upper class). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: `living together or enjoying life in communities` (social animal). -> Too general/biological/behavioral.
    *   Sense 6: `sociable` (social club). -> Incorrect.

    *   The "Economic and Social Committee" (ESC) is a consultative body of the European Union.
    *   In this context, "Social" refers to societal issues, welfare, labor, and the general well-being of members of society.
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 2: "relating to human society and its members" (synonym: societal).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: committee
Target surface form: Committee
Context:
Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social <t>Committee</t>. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=committee%1:14:00:: | definition=a special group delegated to consider some matter;  - Milton Berle | synonyms=commission | examples=a committee is a group that keeps minutes and loses hours
2. sense_key=committee%1:14:01:: | definition=a self-constituted organization to promote something | synonyms=citizens committee

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `committee`
    *   Target surface form: `Committee`
    *   Context: "...John Carroll, Economic and Social <t>Committee</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `committee%1:14:00`: a special group delegated to consider some matter; synonyms=commission.
        2.  `committee%1:14:01`: a self-constituted organization to promote something; synonyms=citizens committee.

    *   The phrase is "Economic and Social Committee".
    *   This refers to the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC), which is an advisory body of the European Union.
    *   An advisory body is typically a group delegated to consider matters and provide advice (a commission/committee).

    *   Sense 1: "a special group delegated to consider some matter" (synonym: commission). This fits the description of an official advisory body like the Economic and Social Committee.
    *   Sense 2: "a self-constituted organization to promote something" (synonym: citizens committee). This usually refers to grassroots or non-governmental groups formed by citizens, not official EU bodies.

    *   The "Economic and Social Committee" is a formal, delegated body within the EU structure. Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case_study
Target surface form: Case Studies
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. <t>Case Studies</t> Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case_study%1:10:00:: | definition=a careful study of some social unit (as a corporation or division within a corporation) that attempts to determine what factors led to its success or failure
2. sense_key=case_study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed analysis of a person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `case_study`
    *   Target surface form: `Case Studies`
    *   Context: The text discusses a European conference on social exclusion, a comparative study on direct participation, and national reports containing portfolios of initiatives to improve recruitment, training, and development of ageing workers. Specifically, it says: "For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `case_study%1:10:00::`: a careful study of some social unit (as a corporation or division within a corporation) that attempts to determine what factors led to its success or failure.
        2.  `case_study%1:04:00::`: a detailed analysis of a person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view.

    *   The "case studies" refer to "initiatives" (policies and practices to improve recruitment, training, and development of ageing workers).
    *   The goal is to analyze these initiatives (which are social/organizational units or programs) to see how they work (implied success/failure or effectiveness).
    *   Sense 1 focuses on a "social unit (as a corporation or division...)" and determining "factors [that] led to its success or failure."
    *   Sense 2 focuses on a "person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view."

    *   The "initiatives" are not people or groups being analyzed from a psychological or medical perspective (Sense 2).
    *   The "initiatives" are organizational/policy-based units (programs/practices) being studied to understand their effectiveness/implementation (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit because it deals with social units/organizations/programs and their success/failure factors.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: national
Target surface form: national
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each <t>national</t> report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=national%3:00:01:: | definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government; national elections
2. sense_key=national%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin
3. sense_key=national%3:01:02:: | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
4. sense_key=national%5:00:00:public:00 | definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
5. sense_key=national%3:00:00:: | definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy
6. sense_key=national%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero; national anthem
7. sense_key=national%5:00:00:domestic:00 | definition=inside the country | synonyms=home, interior, internal | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior; the nation's internal politics

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `national`
    *   Target surface form: `national`
    *   Context: "Each <t>national</t> report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives..."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses a European conference on social exclusion, a comparative study across fifteen European countries, and reports based on these countries.

    *   Sense 1: `concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country` (e.g., national government, national elections).
    *   Sense 2: `of or relating to nationality` (e.g., national origin).
    *   Sense 3: `characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation` (e.g., a national trait).
    *   Sense 4: `owned or maintained for the public by the national government` (e.g., national parks).
    *   Sense 5: `limited to or in the interests of a particular nation` (e.g., national interests).
    *   Sense 6: `of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country` (e.g., national hero, national anthem).
    *   Sense 7: `inside the country` (synonyms: home, interior, internal).

    *   The phrase is "Each national report".
    *   The context mentions "fifteen European countries" and "For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected".
    *   Therefore, "national report" means a report for each specific nation/country involved in the study.

    *   Sense 1: "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country". This fits well. A report for an entire nation.
    *   Sense 6: "of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country". This also fits.
    *   Sense 5: "limited to or in the interests of a particular nation". This is more about policy or interests.
    *   Sense 7: "inside the country". This is more about location (domestic).

    *   Sense 1: "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country" (e.g., national government).
    *   Sense 6: "of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country" (e.g., national hero).

    In the context of "national report" (where there is one report per country), the report *belongs to* or *relates to* a specific nation.

    Let's look at the examples:
    Sense 1: national government, national elections (these are entities/events that cover the whole nation).
    Sense 6: national hero, national anthem (these are things associated with a nation).

    A "national report" in a comparative study of 15 countries is a report that covers one specific nation. This aligns best with Sense 1 (applicable to/belonging to an entire nation) or Sense 6 (relating to a nation).

    Wait, let's re-read Sense 1: "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country".
    Sense 6: "of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country".

    Usually, "national report" in this context means "the report for that specific nation".

    Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 6 again.
    Sense 1: "the national government" (the government of the whole nation).
    Sense 6: "national hero" (a hero of the nation).

    If the report is about the policies of a specific country, it is "relating to" that country.

    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country".
    If there are 15 countries, and each has a "national report", each report is concerned with one entire nation.

    Let's check Sense 6 again: "of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country".

    Actually, in many WordNet-based datasets, "national" in "national report" or "national level" (mentioned earlier in the text: "national level peak organisations") often maps to the sense of "relating to a nation".

    Let's look at the context again: "representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries." and "Each national report contains...".

    Sense 1: "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country".
    Sense 6: "of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country".

    These are very similar. Let's see if there's a nuance.
    Sense 1 often implies the *whole* nation as opposed to a local or regional level (e.g., national vs. regional government).
    Sense 6 is more general.

    In the text: "the Galician regional government" is mentioned. Then "national level peak organisations". This contrast (regional vs. national) strongly suggests Sense 1 ("concerned with or applicable to... an entire nation" as opposed to a region).

    Therefore, "national report" (the report for the whole country, as opposed to a regional report) fits Sense 1 best.

    *   Sense 1: national government (vs regional government).
    *   Context: Galician regional government vs national level peak organisations.
    *   Context: "Each national report" (likely meaning the report for the whole country).

    This contrast makes Sense 1 the most precise choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national <t>report</t> contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report
3. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
4. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
5. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `report`
    *   Target surface form: `report`
    *   Context: "Case Studies Each national <t>report</t> contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses a European conference on social exclusion, a comparative study (EPOC project), personal interviews, and "Case Studies". It mentions that "Each national report contains a portfolio...".

    *   Sense 1: `report%1:10:03::` - a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (synonyms: study, written report).
    *   Sense 2: `report%1:09:00::` - the general estimation that the public has for a person (synonyms: reputation).
    *   Sense 3: `report%1:10:01::` - the act of informing by verbal report (synonyms: account).
    *   Sense 4: `report%1:10:04::` - a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment (synonyms: report card).
    *   Sense 5: `report%1:11:00::` - a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing).
    *   Sense 6: `report%1:10:02::` - an essay (especially one written as an assignment) (synonyms: composition, paper, theme).
    *   Sense 7: `report%1:10:00::` - a short account of the news (synonyms: news report, story, account, write up).

    *   The context describes "national reports" that contain "a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives" regarding policies and practices for ageing workers.
    *   This is clearly a formal written document describing findings or data collected (in this case, initiatives from different countries).
    *   Sense 1 ("a written document describing the findings of some individual or group") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 (reputation) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 3 (verbal report) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 4 (student report card) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 5 (gunshot sound) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 6 (student essay) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 7 (news story) is incorrect.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: contain
Target surface form: contains
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report <t>contains</t> a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=contain%2:42:06:: | definition=be divisible by | examples=24 contains 6
2. sense_key=contain%2:41:00:: | definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=control, hold in, hold, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue
3. sense_key=contain%2:42:14:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=take, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
4. sense_key=contain%2:33:00:: | definition=hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of | synonyms=check, turn back, arrest, stop, hold back | examples=Arrest the downward trend; Check the growth of communism in South East Asia
5. sense_key=contain%2:42:00:: | definition=include or contain; have as a component | synonyms=incorporate, comprise | examples=A totally new idea is comprised in this paper; The record contains many old songs from the 1930's
6. sense_key=contain%2:42:13:: | definition=contain or hold; have within | synonyms=hold, bear, carry | examples=The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `contain`
    *   Target surface form: `contains`
    *   Context: "Each national report <t>contains</t> a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `be divisible by` (e.g., 24 contains 6)
        2.  `lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint` (e.g., moderate alcohol intake)
        3.  `be capable of holding or containing` (e.g., This box won't take all the items)
        4.  `hold back, as of a danger or an enemy` (e.g., Check the growth of communism)
        5.  `include or contain; have as a component` (e.g., The record contains many old songs)
        6.  `contain or hold; have within` (e.g., The jar carries wine)

    *   The sentence is: "Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives..."
    *   The "national report" (a document) has a "portfolio of initiatives" (content/components) inside it.

    *   Sense 1: Divisibility (Math). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: Restraint/Temper. Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: Capacity (Capability of holding). Not applicable (the report *does* contain them, it's not about its *capacity* to hold them).
    *   Sense 4: Hold back/Stop. Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5: Include or contain; have as a component. (Example: "The record contains many old songs"). This fits well. A report contains sections or portfolios as components.
    *   Sense 6: Contain or hold; have within. (Example: "The jar carries wine"). This usually refers to physical containment of a substance.

    *   Sense 5: "include or contain; have as a component" (incorporate, comprise).
    *   Sense 6: "contain or hold; have within" (hold, bear, carry).
    *   A report containing a portfolio of initiatives is more about the content/components of the document than physical containment of a substance. Sense 5's example "The record contains many old songs" is very similar to "The report contains a portfolio of initiatives."

    *   Sense 5 is the best fit for a document containing information or sections.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: present
Target surface form: present
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best <t>present</t> policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=present%2:39:00:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=show, demo, exhibit, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=present%2:40:02:: | definition=give, especially as an honor or reward | synonyms=award | examples=bestow honors and prizes at graduation
3. sense_key=present%2:32:02:: | definition=deliver (a speech, oration, or idea) | synonyms=deliver | examples=The commencement speaker presented a forceful speech that impressed the students
4. sense_key=present%2:32:06:: | definition=present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize | synonyms=confront, face | examples=We confronted him with the evidence; He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions
5. sense_key=present%2:40:01:: | definition=hand over formally | synonyms=submit
6. sense_key=present%2:42:00:: | definition=introduce | synonyms=pose | examples=This poses an interesting question
7. sense_key=present%2:36:08:: | definition=represent abstractly, for example in a painting, drawing, or sculpture | synonyms=portray | examples=The father is portrayed as a good-looking man in this painting
8. sense_key=present%2:32:04:: | definition=formally present a debutante, a representative of a country, etc.
9. sense_key=present%2:32:01:: | definition=cause to come to know personally | synonyms=introduce, acquaint | examples=permit me to acquaint you with my son; introduce the new neighbors to the community
10. sense_key=present%2:36:00:: | definition=perform (a play), especially on a stage | synonyms=stage, represent | examples=we are going to stage `Othello'
11. sense_key=present%2:32:00:: | definition=bring forward and present to the mind | synonyms=represent, lay out | examples=We presented the arguments to him; We cannot represent this knowledge to our formal reason
12. sense_key=present%2:32:03:: | definition=recognize with a gesture prescribed by a military regulation; assume a prescribed position | synonyms=salute | examples=When the officers show up, the soldiers have to salute
13. sense_key=present%2:40:00:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=give, gift | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `present`
    *   Target surface form: `present`
    *   Context: "Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best <t>present</t> policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers..."

    *   The sentence says "initiatives which best present policies and practices".
    *   The "initiatives" (examples/cases) are being used to show or illustrate "policies and practices".
    *   The goal is to communicate or display how these policies and practices work.

    *   Sense 1: `give an exhibition of to an interested audience` (show, demo, exhibit, demonstrate).
    *   Sense 2: `give, especially as an honor or reward` (award).
    *   Sense 3: `deliver (a speech, oration, or idea)` (deliver).
    *   Sense 4: `present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize` (confront, face).
    *   Sense 5: `hand over formally` (submit).
    *   Sense 6: `introduce` (pose).
    *   Sense 7: `represent abstractly, for example in a painting, drawing, or sculpture` (portray).
    *   Sense 8: `formally present a debutante, a representative of a country, etc.`
    *   Sense 9: `cause to come to know personally` (introduce, acquaint).
    *   Sense 10: `perform (a play), especially on a stage` (stage, represent).
    *   Sense 11: `bring forward and present to the mind` (represent, lay out).
    *   Sense 12: `recognize with a gesture prescribed by a military regulation` (salute).
    *   Sense 13: `give as a present; make a gift of` (give, gift).

    *   The initiatives "present" (show/illustrate/lay out) the policies and practices.
    *   Sense 1 (show, demo, exhibit, demonstrate) fits well.
    *   Sense 11 (bring forward and present to the mind; represent, lay out) also fits well.
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 11.
        *   Sense 1: "give an exhibition of to an interested audience" (more about a physical demo or a specific event).
        *   Sense 11: "bring forward and present to the mind" (represent, lay out). This is often used for arguments, ideas, or information in a report.
    *   Wait, let's look at the context again: "Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices..."
    *   The initiatives are examples that *illustrate* or *show* the policies.
    *   Looking at Sense 1 synonyms: show, demo, exhibit, demonstrate.
    *   Looking at Sense 11 synonyms: represent, lay out.
    *   In the context of a report, "presenting" information or policies usually means laying them out or showing them.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1: "give an exhibition of to an interested audience". This sounds more like a presentation event.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 11: "bring forward and present to the mind" (represent, lay out). "We presented the arguments to him." This fits the act of presenting information in a document better.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 1 again. "She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington."
    *   Let me look at Sense 11 again. "We presented the arguments to him; We cannot represent this knowledge to our formal reason."
    *   Is there a better sense?
    *   Sense 7: "represent abstractly... portray". (No, not a painting).
    *   Sense 6: "introduce... pose". (No).

    *   Let's think about "present" in "present policies and practices".
    *   It means the initiatives *demonstrate* or *show* the policies.
    *   If I say "These examples present the problem clearly," I am laying out the problem for the reader.
    *   Sense 11: "bring forward and present to the mind" / "lay out".
    *   Sense 1: "give an exhibition of".

    *   Actually, looking at the options again, "present" in a report often means "to show" or "to demonstrate".
    *   Let's check if "demonstrate" is in Sense 1. Yes: "synonyms=show, demo, exhibit, demonstrate".
    *   Let's check if "lay out" is in Sense 11. Yes: "synonyms=represent, lay out".

    *   "initiatives which best present policies and practices"
    *   The initiatives *demonstrate* how the policies are applied.
    *   Sense 1: "give an exhibition of to an interested audience" (show, demo, exhibit, demonstrate).
    *   Sense 11: "bring forward and present to the mind" (represent, lay out).

    *   If the initiatives are *examples* of policies, they *demonstrate* those policies.
    *   If the report *presents* the policies, it *lays them out*.
    *   The sentence says the *initiatives* present the policies. This suggests the initiatives serve as demonstrations of the policies.

    *   Let's re-read Sense 1: "give an exhibition of to an interested audience".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 11: "bring forward and present to the mind".

    *   Actually, "present" in this context is very close to "show" or "illustrate".
    *   Sense 1 synonyms: show, demo, exhibit, demonstrate.
    *   Sense 11 synonyms: represent, lay out.

    *   Let's try to substitute:
        *   "...initiatives which best *demonstrate* policies and practices..." (Sense 1)
        *   "...initiatives which best *lay out* policies and practices..." (Sense 11)

    *   "Demonstrate" feels slightly more natural when talking about how specific initiatives embody general policies.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 11 again: "bring forward and present to the mind". This is often used for presenting a case, an argument, or a set of facts.
    *   Let me look at Sense 1 again: "give an exhibition of to an interested audience".

    *   Let's search for "present policies" in a corpus. Often it means to introduce or propose them (Sense 6 or 5), but here the initiatives are *already* in a report and they *present* (show) the policies.

    *   Let's reconsider Sense 11: "represent, lay out".
    *   If the initiatives *represent* the policies, that fits.

    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 11: "We presented the arguments to him."
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington."

    *   The context is a report. The initiatives are examples. Examples *demonstrate* a point.
    *   Sense 1: show, demo, exhibit, demonstrate.

    *   Let's double-check Sense 11 again. "bring forward and present to the mind".
    *   Actually, "present" in the sense of "to show or exhibit" (Sense 1) can be used for both physical objects and abstract concepts (like demonstrating a policy through an example).

    *   Let's look at Sense 11 again. "represent, lay out".
    *   If the initiatives "lay out" the policies, it means they explain them.
    *   If the initiatives "demonstrate" the policies, it means they show them in action.

    *   "initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment..."
    *   This sounds like the initiatives are examples that *show* how the policies work.

    *   Let's compare "show" (Sense 1) and "represent/lay out" (Sense 11).
    *   In many WordNet-based tasks, "present" meaning "to show" or "to exhibit" is Sense 1.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 11 again. "bring forward and present to the mind".
    *   If I "present an argument", I am laying it out for someone to consider.
    *   If an "initiative presents a policy", it is showing that policy in a concrete way.

    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "give an exhibition of to an interested audience".
    *   This sounds like a formal presentation (like a slideshow).

    *   Let's look at Sense 11 again: "bring forward and present to the mind".
    *   This is more about the communication of information.

    *   Let's try Sense 11. "The initiatives best lay out/represent the policies."
    *   Let's try Sense 1. "The initiatives best demonstrate the policies."

    *   Actually, "demonstrate" is a very strong synonym for "present" when an example is used to show a general rule.

    *   Let's re-read the context: "Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices..."
    *   The initiatives are the *means* by which the policies are presented.

    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. "give an exhibition of to an interested audience".
    *   Let's look at Sense 11 again. "bring forward and present to the mind".

    *   If I "present a policy" in a report, I am laying it out (Sense 11).
    *   If an "initiative presents a policy", it is demonstrating it (Sense 1).

    *   Let's think about the word "best". "which *best* present". This implies a choice of the most effective examples. The most effective examples are those that *best demonstrate* the policies.

    *   Let's check Sense 1 synonyms again: show, demo, exhibit, demonstrate.
    *   Let's check Sense 11 synonyms again: represent, lay out.

    *   "Demonstrate" (Sense 1) seems like a better fit for "initiatives which best [demonstrate] policies".

    *   Wait, let me search for "present" in a similar context.
    *   "The case study presents a clear example of..."
    *   In this case, "presents" means "shows" or "demonstrates".

    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. "give an exhibition of to an interested audience".
    *   Is a reader of a report an "interested audience"? Yes.
    *   Is a portfolio of initiatives an "exhibition"? In a metaphorical sense, yes.

    *   Let's look at Sense 11 again. "bring forward and present to the mind".
    *   This is also very plausible.

    *   Let's search for "present" in WordNet.
    *   present.v.01: give an exhibition of to an interested audience (show, demo, exhibit, demonstrate)
    *   present.v.07: bring forward and present to the mind (represent, lay out)

    *   Let's look at the examples for present.v.07 (Sense 11): "We presented the arguments to him."
    *   Let's look at the examples for present.v.01 (Sense 1): "She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington."

    *   Wait, "present the arguments" (Sense 11) is very similar to "present the policies" (the target).
    *   But the *subject* is different. In "We presented the arguments", the subject is the person doing the presenting. In "initiatives which best present policies", the subject is the *initiatives* themselves.

    *   When an object (like an initiative or a case study) "presents" something, it usually means it "shows" or "demonstrates" it.

    *   Let's re-examine Sense 1: "give an exhibition of to an interested audience".
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 11: "bring forward and present to the mind".

    *   If the initiatives "bring forward and present to the mind" the policies, that's a bit clunky.
    *   If the initiatives "show/demonstrate" the policies, that's more natural.

    *   Let's double-check other senses.
    *   Sense 7: "represent abstractly... portray". (No).
    *   Sense 6: "introduce... pose". (No).

    *   Let's think about "present" as in "the evidence presents a problem". (That would be Sense 6: pose).
    *   But here it's "initiatives which best present policies".

    *   Let's try Sense 1 again. "demonstrate".
    *   "initiatives which best demonstrate policies and practices". This sounds perfect.

    *   Let's try Sense 11 again. "lay out".
    *   "initiatives which best lay out policies and practices". This also sounds okay, but "demonstrate" is stronger for "initiatives".

    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: show, demo, exhibit, demonstrate.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 11: represent, lay out.

    *   In the context of a report, "presenting" information is very common.
    *   "The report presents the findings." (Sense 11: lay out).
    *   "The examples present the problem." (Sense 1: demonstrate).

    *   In the target sentence, the *initiatives* (the examples) are the subject.
    *   Therefore, "demonstrate" (Sense 1) is the most likely meaning.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 1: "give an exhibition of to an interested audience".
    *   Does "initiatives which best present policies" mean they "give an exhibition of" them?
    *   It's a bit of a stretch, but "demonstrate" is listed as a synonym.

    *   Let's re-read Sense 11: "bring forward and present to the mind".
    *   Does "initiatives which best present policies" mean they "bring forward and present to the mind" the policies?
    *   This also feels like a stretch.

    *   Let's look at the synonyms again.
    *   Sense 1: show, demo, exhibit, demonstrate.
    *   Sense 11: represent, lay out.

    *   If I have to choose between "demonstrate" and "lay out" for "initiatives which best [present] policies", "demonstrate" is a better fit.

    *   Let's double-check Sense 11 one more time. "represent, lay out".
    *   If the initiatives *represent* the policies, that could work. But "represent" in Sense 11 is "bring forward and present to the mind".

    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. "show, demo, exhibit, demonstrate".
    *   This seems the most plausible.

    *   Wait, let me think about "present" in the sense of "to show" (Sense 1) vs "to present" (Sense 11).
    *   Sense 1: "The data presents a clear trend." (shows/demonstrates)
    *   Sense 11: "The author presents his argument." (lays out)

    *   In the target sentence: "initiatives which best present policies".
    *   The initiatives are like the "data" or "examples". They *show* the policies.
    *   This matches the "The data presents a clear trend" pattern.

    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: policy
Target surface form: policies
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present <t>policies</t> and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=policy%1:10:00:: | definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
2. sense_key=policy%1:09:00:: | definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
3. sense_key=policy%1:10:02:: | definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `policy`
    *   Target surface form: `policies`
    *   Context: "...Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present <t>policies</t> and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community."

    *   Sense 1: `policy%1:10:00::` - a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government.
    *   Sense 2: `policy%1:09:00::` - a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group.
    *   Sense 3: `policy%1:10:02::` - written contract or certificate of insurance.

    *   The context discusses "initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers".
    *   This refers to strategies, plans, or guidelines adopted by organizations or governments to achieve a specific goal (improving recruitment/training for ageing workers).
    *   It is definitely not an insurance contract (Sense 3).
    *   Is it a "line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government" (Sense 1) or a "plan of action adopted by an individual or social group" (Sense 2)?
    *   "Policies and practices" is a common collocation referring to the actual plans and methods implemented. Sense 2 ("plan of action adopted by an individual or social group") fits better as it describes the actual plan/strategy being implemented, whereas Sense 1 is more about the *rationalization* or the *argument* for the action.

    *   Sense 1: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government" (Focus on the reasoning/justification).
    *   Sense 2: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group" (Focus on the plan/strategy itself).
    *   In the context of "policies and practices to improve...", it refers to the plans/strategies implemented.

    *   Sense 2 is the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: practice
Target surface form: practices
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and <t>practices</t> to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=practice%1:04:02:: | definition=systematic training by multiple repetitions | synonyms=exercise, drill, practice session, recitation | examples=practice makes perfect
2. sense_key=practice%1:04:00:: | definition=a customary way of operation or behavior | synonyms=pattern | examples=it is their practice to give annual raises; they changed their dietary pattern
3. sense_key=practice%1:04:04:: | definition=translating an idea into action | synonyms=praxis | examples=a hard theory to put into practice; differences between theory and praxis of communism
4. sense_key=practice%1:04:03:: | definition=the exercise of a profession | examples=the practice of the law; I took over his practice when he retired
5. sense_key=practice%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge of how something is usually done | examples=it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `practice`
    *   Target surface form: `practices`
    *   Context: "...a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and <t>practices</t> to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers..."

    *   Sense 1: `practice%1:04:02` - systematic training by multiple repetitions (e.g., "practice makes perfect").
    *   Sense 2: `practice%1:04:00` - a customary way of operation or behavior (e.g., "it is their practice to give annual raises").
    *   Sense 3: `practice%1:04:04` - translating an idea into action (e.g., "put into practice").
    *   Sense 4: `practice%1:04:03` - the exercise of a profession (e.g., "the practice of the law").
    *   Sense 5: `practice%1:09:00` - knowledge of how something is usually done (e.g., "local practice").

    *   The sentence mentions "policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers".
    *   "Policies and practices" is a common collocation referring to the rules (policies) and the actual methods/ways of doing things (practices) used within an organization or system.
    *   This aligns with "a customary way of operation or behavior" (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1 (training): Not about repeating a skill.
    *   Sense 3 (praxis): Not about the general concept of applying theory, but rather specific methods used.
    *   Sense 4 (profession): Not about a medical or legal practice.
    *   Sense 5 (knowledge): Not about the *knowledge* of how it's done, but the *actual ways* it is done.

    *   Sense 2: "a customary way of operation or behavior". This fits perfectly with "policies and practices" in the context of organizational or governmental initiatives.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: improve
Target surface form: improve
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to <t>improve</t> the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=improve%2:30:00:: | definition=get better | synonyms=better, ameliorate, meliorate | examples=The weather improved toward evening
2. sense_key=improve%2:30:01:: | definition=to make better | synonyms=better, amend, ameliorate, meliorate | examples=The editor improved the manuscript with his changes

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `improve`
    *   Target surface form: `improve`
    *   Context: "...policies and practices to <t>improve</t> the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `improve%2:30:00::` (get better) - Intransitive use (e.g., "The weather improved").
        2.  `improve%2:30:01::` (to make better) - Transitive use (e.g., "The editor improved the manuscript").

    *   The sentence is: "...policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers..."
    *   In this sentence, "improve" has a direct object: "the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers".
    *   Therefore, "improve" is used transitively here.

    *   Sense 1: "get better" (intransitive).
    *   Sense 2: "to make better" (transitive).

    *   The usage in the context is transitive ("improve [something]").
    *   Sense 2 matches this usage.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: training
Target surface form: training
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, <t>training</t> and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=training%1:04:00:: | definition=activity leading to skilled behavior | synonyms=preparation, grooming
2. sense_key=training%1:07:00:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=education, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `training`
    *   Target surface form: `training`
    *   Context: "...policies and practices to improve the recruitment, <t>training</t> and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `training%1:04:00::`: activity leading to skilled behavior (synonyms: preparation, grooming)
        2.  `training%1:07:00::`: the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) (synonyms: education, breeding)

    *   The sentence discusses "recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community."
    *   This refers to professional development, skill acquisition, and job-related learning for employees (ageing workers).

    *   Sense 1: "activity leading to skilled behavior" fits perfectly with professional training in a workplace context.
    *   Sense 2: "the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior)" refers to etiquette or breeding, which is completely irrelevant to workplace recruitment and development.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: development
Target surface form: development
Context:
The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included. Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and <t>development</t> of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=development%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes are developed and elaborated
2. sense_key=development%1:26:00:: | definition=a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess) | examples=after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter; in chess your should take care of your development before moving your queen
3. sense_key=development%1:04:01:: | definition=act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining | examples=he congratulated them on their development of a plan to meet the emergency; they funded research and development
4. sense_key=development%1:11:01:: | definition=a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation | examples=recent developments in Iraq; what a revolting development!
5. sense_key=development%1:15:00:: | definition=a district that has been developed to serve some purpose | examples=such land is practical for small park developments
6. sense_key=development%1:22:01:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growth, growing, maturation, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
7. sense_key=development%1:22:00:: | definition=processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible | synonyms=developing | examples=the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours
8. sense_key=development%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful | synonyms=exploitation | examples=the development of Alaskan resources; the exploitation of copper deposits
9. sense_key=development%1:22:02:: | definition=a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage) | synonyms=evolution | examples=the development of his ideas took many years; the evolution of Greek civilization

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "development"
    *   Context: "...policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and <t>development</t> of ageing workers in both the work place and the community."
    *   Key phrase: "recruitment, training and development of ageing workers".

    *   Sense 1: Music (sonata form) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: State of improving/result of developing (e.g., chess) - Not quite right.
    *   Sense 3: Act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining (e.g., research and development, development of a plan) - This fits the context of professional/skill development.
    *   Sense 4: Recent event (e.g., developments in Iraq) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5: District/land development - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 6: Biological growth (e.g., osseous development) - Not applicable (referring to workers' skills/career, not biological growth).
    *   Sense 7: Photo processing - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 8: Land/water exploitation - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 9: Process of passing to a different stage/evolution (e.g., development of ideas) - This is close, but "training and development" is a standard HR term referring to the improvement of skills and capabilities.

    *   "Recruitment, training and development" is a common triad in Human Resources.
    *   "Training and development" refers to the process of improving an employee's skills, knowledge, and overall performance.
    *   Sense 3 ("act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining") aligns well with the concept of professional development (improving skills/capabilities).
    *   Sense 9 ("process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage") is more about evolution or gradual change over time.

    *   Sense 3: "act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining" (Example: "research and development").
    *   Sense 9: "a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage" (Example: "development of his ideas").
    *   In the context of "training and development of workers", it's about improving their skills (refining/expanding their capabilities). Sense 3 is the most fitting for professional/skill improvement.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 3 and Sense 9.
    *   Sense 3: "act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining".
    *   Sense 9: "a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)".
    *   Professional development is often seen as a process of growth/maturation in a career (Sense 9) or the act of improving skills (Sense 3).
    *   However, "training and development" as a phrase usually refers to the *act* of improving the workforce.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 3: "development of a plan", "research and development".
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 9: "development of his ideas", "evolution of Greek civilization".
    *   "Training and development" is very similar to "Research and Development" (R&D) in terms of being a systematic effort to improve.

    *   Sense 3: act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining.
    *   Sense 9: process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage.
    *   In HR, "Training and Development" (T&D) is the framework for improving employee performance. This is an act of improving/refining.

    *   Sense 3: "act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining"
    *   Sense 9: "a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage"
    *   If we say "the development of ageing workers", are we talking about the *act* of improving them (Sense 3) or the *process* of them evolving (Sense 9)?
    *   The context is "policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development". This implies the *act* of improving the workers' skills.

    *   Sense 3 is the most appropriate for "training and development".