[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: office
Target surface form: offices
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington <t>offices</t>. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=office%1:04:00:: | definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
2. sense_key=office%1:14:01:: | definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau
3. sense_key=office%1:06:00:: | definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | synonyms=business office | examples=he rented an office in the new building
4. sense_key=office%1:14:00:: | definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | synonyms=office staff | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
5. sense_key=office%1:04:02:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, spot, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury
6. sense_key=office%1:26:00:: | definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office
7. sense_key=office%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `office`
    *   Target surface form: `offices`
    *   Context: "...Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
    *   Key phrase: "district offices" and "Washington offices".

    *   Sense 1: religious rite (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: administrative unit of government (agency, bureau) (Possible, but usually refers to a larger entity like the CIA)
    *   Sense 3: place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed (business office) (Very likely - refers to the physical location/branch)
    *   Sense 4: professional or clerical workers in an office (office staff) (Incorrect - the text says "staffs to district offices", meaning the people are *in* the offices)
    *   Sense 5: a job in an organization (position, post) (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: holding an office (being in power) (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: actions and activities assigned (function, role) (Incorrect)

    *   The text contrasts "district offices" with "Washington offices".
    *   It mentions allocating "personal staffs to district offices".
    *   This refers to the physical locations (offices) where the staff members work.
    *   Sense 3 ("place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed") fits best. While these are government offices, they are specifically the physical locations (district vs. Washington). Sense 2 ("administrative unit of government") usually refers to a larger organization (like the Census Bureau), whereas "district office" refers to the local branch/physical space.

    *   Sense 3: "place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed".
    *   Example: "he rented an office in the new building".
    *   In the context of "district offices" and "Washington offices", it refers to the physical locations where the staff perform their duties.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: examination
Target surface form: examination
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An <t>examination</t> of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=examination%1:10:00:: | definition=a set of questions or exercises evaluating skill or knowledge | synonyms=exam, test | examples=when the test was stolen the professor had to make a new set of questions
2. sense_key=examination%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes) | synonyms=scrutiny
3. sense_key=examination%1:10:01:: | definition=formal systematic questioning | synonyms=interrogation, interrogatory
4. sense_key=examination%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of giving students or candidates a test (as by questions) to determine what they know or have learned | synonyms=testing
5. sense_key=examination%1:09:03:: | definition=a detailed inspection of your conscience (as done daily by Jesuits) | synonyms=examen

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `examination`
    *   Target surface form: `examination`
    *   Context: "An <t>examination</t> of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987... reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `examination%1:10:00::`: a set of questions or exercises evaluating skill or knowledge (exam, test).
        2.  `examination%1:04:00::`: the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes) (scrutiny).
        3.  `examination%1:10:01::`: formal systematic questioning (interrogation, interrogatory).
        4.  `examination%1:04:02::`: the act of giving students or candidates a test (testing).
        5.  `examination%1:09:03::`: a detailed inspection of your conscience (examen).

    *   The sentence says: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate... reveals that..."
    *   The author is analyzing data/changes in staffing decisions to draw a conclusion.
    *   This is not a test for students (Sense 1, 4).
    *   This is not a formal interrogation of a person (Sense 3).
    *   This is not a religious inspection of conscience (Sense 5).
    *   This is a close analysis or scrutiny of data/changes (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 2: "the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)" / synonym: "scrutiny".
    *   In the context of academic or political analysis, "examination" often means a detailed study or scrutiny of evidence.

    *   Sense 1: No (not a test).
    *   Sense 2: Yes (scrutiny/analysis of data).
    *   Sense 3: No (not an interrogation).
    *   Sense 4: No (not testing students).
    *   Sense 5: No (not religious).

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: change
Target surface form: changes
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of <t>changes</t> in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=change%1:04:00:: | definition=the action of changing something | examples=the change of government had no impact on the economy; his change on abortion cost him the election
2. sense_key=change%1:19:00:: | definition=the result of alteration or modification | examples=there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs; there had been no change in the mountains
3. sense_key=change%1:21:03:: | definition=money received in return for its equivalent in a larger denomination or a different currency | examples=he got change for a twenty and used it to pay the taxi driver
4. sense_key=change%1:07:00:: | definition=a difference that is usually pleasant | synonyms=variety | examples=he goes to France for variety; it is a refreshing change to meet a woman mechanic
5. sense_key=change%1:21:01:: | definition=coins of small denomination regarded collectively | examples=he had a pocketful of change
6. sense_key=change%1:06:00:: | definition=a different or fresh set of clothes | examples=she brought a change in her overnight bag
7. sense_key=change%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another | synonyms=alteration, modification | examples=the change was intended to increase sales; this storm is certainly a change for the worse
8. sense_key=change%1:06:01:: | definition=a thing that is different | examples=he inspected several changes before selecting one
9. sense_key=change%1:21:02:: | definition=the balance of money received when the amount you tender is greater than the amount due | examples=I paid with a twenty and pocketed the change
10. sense_key=change%1:24:00:: | definition=a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event | examples=he attributed the change to their marriage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `change`
    *   Target surface form: `changes`
    *   Context: "An examination of <t>changes</t> in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987..."
    *   Meaning: The sentence is talking about how personal staffing decisions shifted or were modified between two time periods (1986 and 1987).

    *   1: `the action of changing something` (e.g., "the change of government") - This is the *act* of making a change.
    *   2: `the result of alteration or modification` (e.g., "marked changes in the lining of the lungs") - This refers to the *outcome* or the *fact* that things are different now.
    *   3: `money received in return...` (currency) - Irrelevant.
    *   4: `a difference that is usually pleasant` (variety) - Irrelevant.
    *   5: `coins of small denomination` - Irrelevant.
    *   6: `a different or fresh set of clothes` - Irrelevant.
    *   7: `an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another` (alteration, modification) - This is the *event* of changing.
    *   8: `a thing that is different` - Irrelevant.
    *   9: `the balance of money received...` - Irrelevant.
    *   10: `a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event` (e.g., "he attributed the change to their marriage") - This describes the difference between state A (1986) and state B (1987).

    *   The context is "changes in personal staffing decisions... between 1986 and 1987".
    *   This is comparing the state of staffing decisions in 1986 to the state in 1987.
    *   Sense 2: "the result of alteration or modification".
    *   Sense 7: "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another".
    *   Sense 10: "a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event".

    *   Sense 10 specifically mentions "between states before and after some event". The "event" here is the passage of time (1986 to 1987) or the change in party control mentioned later in the sentence ("when control of that body changed party hands").
    *   Sense 2 is more about the *result* (the modified state itself).
    *   Sense 7 is more about the *process/event* of changing.
    *   Looking at "examination of changes in personal staffing decisions", the author is examining the *differences* that occurred between the two years.

    *   Sense 2: "marked changes in the lining of the lungs" (physical result).
    *   Sense 10: "he attributed the change to their marriage" (the difference in behavior/state before and after).
    *   The context "changes in personal staffing decisions... between 1986 and 1987" fits the "relational difference between states... before and after some event" pattern perfectly.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 2: "the result of alteration or modification".
    *   And Sense 10: "a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event".
    *   In academic writing, "changes in [variable] between [time 1] and [time 2]" usually refers to the difference in the values of that variable. This is a relational difference.

    *   Sense 1: Action of changing (No)
    *   Sense 2: Result of alteration (Possible)
    *   Sense 7: Event of passing from one state to another (Possible)
    *   Sense 10: Relational difference between states before and after (Best fit)

    *   "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions... between 1986 and 1987"
    *   This is comparing the state in 1986 to the state in 1987.
    *   Sense 10: "a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event".
    *   This matches the temporal comparison ("between 1986 and 1987") and the context of analyzing the difference.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in <t>personal</t> staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
2. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings
3. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `personal`
    *   Target surface form: `personal`
    *   Context: "An examination of changes in <t>personal</t> staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses "personal staff" of legislators, "personal staffing decisions," and "personal staffing differences."

    *   Sense 1: `personal%3:01:01::` - of or arising from personality (e.g., personal magnetism).
    *   Sense 2: `personal%3:01:00::` - indicating grammatical person (e.g., personal verb endings).
    *   Sense 3: `personal%5:00:00:subjective:00` - particular to a given individual.
    *   Sense 4: `personal%5:00:00:physical:00` - intimately concerning a person's body or physical being (e.g., personal hygiene).
    *   Sense 5: `personal%3:00:00::` - concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality (e.g., a personal favor; for your personal use).

    *   The phrase is "personal staffing decisions."
    *   In the context of a legislator, "personal staff" refers to the staff members hired directly by the legislator for their own office, as opposed to "committee staff" (which is mentioned later in the sentence: "...cannot be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise... over other resources such as committee staff").
    *   Therefore, "personal" here means staff that belongs to or is particular to that specific individual legislator.

    *   Sense 1 (personality): No.
    *   Sense 2 (grammar): No.
    *   Sense 3 (particular to a given individual): Yes. This fits the distinction between staff particular to the individual member and staff shared by a committee.
    *   Sense 4 (physical): No.
    *   Sense 5 (private life/personality): No. While "personal use" is similar, "personal staff" in a professional/political context refers to the staff assigned to that specific individual, not their private life.

    *   Sense 3: "particular to a given individual".
    *   Sense 5: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality".
    *   The distinction between "personal staff" and "committee staff" is about ownership/assignment to a specific individual member of Congress. This aligns best with "particular to a given individual" (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 3: `personal%5:00:00:subjective:00` (particular to a given individual).
    *   Sense 5: `personal%3:00:00::` (concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality).
    *   In political science, "personal staff" are the employees hired by the member of Congress themselves, as opposed to staff hired by the committee. This is a matter of who the staff is "particular to."

    *   Sense 3 is the most accurate description of "personal staff" in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decision
Target surface form: decisions
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing <t>decisions</t> in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decision%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of resoluteness as evidenced by firmness of character or purpose | synonyms=decisiveness | examples=a man of unusual decisiveness
2. sense_key=decision%1:11:01:: | definition=the outcome of a game or contest | examples=the team dropped three decisions in a row
3. sense_key=decision%1:11:02:: | definition=(boxing) a victory won on points when no knockout has occurred | examples=had little trouble in taking a unanimous decision over his opponent
4. sense_key=decision%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making up your mind about something | synonyms=determination, conclusion | examples=the burden of decision was his; he drew his conclusions quickly
5. sense_key=decision%1:09:00:: | definition=a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration | synonyms=determination, conclusion | examples=a decision unfavorable to the opposition; his conclusion took the evidence into account

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `decision`
    *   Target surface form: `decisions`
    *   Context: "An examination of changes in personal staffing <t>decisions</t> in the Senate between 1986 and 1987..."
    *   Meaning: The context refers to the choices or judgments made regarding how to staff personal offices (allocating staff to district offices vs. Washington offices).

    *   Sense 1: `decision%1:07:00::` - trait of resoluteness (decisiveness). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: `decision%1:11:01::` - outcome of a game or contest. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: `decision%1:11:02::` - boxing victory on points. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: `decision%1:04:00::` - the act of making up your mind about something. (Process/Act)
    *   Sense 5: `decision%1:09:00::` - a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration. (Result/Choice)

    *   "personal staffing decisions" refers to the specific choices made about who to hire, how many people to hire, and where to place them.
    *   Is it the *act* of making the decision (Sense 4) or the *result/judgment* reached (Sense 5)?
    *   In the phrase "changes in personal staffing decisions," it refers to the choices themselves (the outcomes of the decision-making process). If you change a decision, you change the result/judgment you reached.
    *   Sense 4 is the *act* of deciding.
    *   Sense 5 is the *judgment/position* reached.
    *   Comparing "staffing decisions" to "staffing judgments" or "staffing choices" fits Sense 5 better than the "act of making up one's mind."

    *   Sense 4: "the burden of decision was his" (the act).
    *   Sense 5: "a decision unfavorable to the opposition" (the result/judgment).
    *   "Staffing decisions" are the specific judgments/conclusions reached about staffing.

    *   Sense 5 is the most appropriate for "decisions" in the sense of "choices made."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: control
Target surface form: control
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when <t>control</t> of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=control%1:10:00:: | definition=the economic policy of controlling or limiting or curbing prices or wages etc. | examples=they wanted to repeal all the legislation that imposed economic controls
2. sense_key=control%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another | examples=measures for the control of disease; they instituted controls over drinking on campus
3. sense_key=control%1:04:02:: | definition=(physiology) regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc | examples=the timing and control of his movements were unimpaired; he had lost control of his sphincters
4. sense_key=control%1:06:00:: | definition=a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine | synonyms=controller | examples=the speed controller on his turntable was not working properly; I turned the controls over to her
5. sense_key=control%1:09:01:: | definition=great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity | synonyms=command, mastery | examples=a good command of French
6. sense_key=control%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity of managing or exerting control over something | examples=the control of the mob by the police was admirable
7. sense_key=control%1:09:02:: | definition=a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment | synonyms=control condition | examples=the control condition was inappropriate for the conclusions he wished to draw
8. sense_key=control%1:07:00:: | definition=power to direct or determine | examples=under control
9. sense_key=control%1:07:01:: | definition=discipline in personal and social activities | synonyms=restraint | examples=he was a model of polite restraint; she never lost control of herself
10. sense_key=control%1:26:00:: | definition=the state that exists when one person or group has power over another | synonyms=dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency | examples=her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her
11. sense_key=control%1:18:00:: | definition=a spiritual agency that is assumed to assist the medium during a seance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `control`
    *   Target surface form: `control`
    *   Context: "...when <t>control</t> of that body changed party hands..."
    *   "That body" refers to the Senate.
    *   "Changed party hands" means the majority party changed.

    *   1: Economic policy (prices/wages) - No.
    *   2: Relation of constraint (disease, drinking) - No.
    *   3: Physiology (reflexes) - No.
    *   4: Machine mechanism (controller) - No.
    *   5: Skillfulness/knowledge (command of French) - No.
    *   6: Activity of managing/exerting control (police and mob) - Possible, but more about the *act* of managing.
    *   7: Scientific experiment (control condition) - No.
    *   8: Power to direct or determine - Possible.
    *   9: Discipline/restraint (personal) - No.
    *   10: State that exists when one person or group has power over another (dominance, ascendancy) - Very strong fit for political power/majority status.
    *   11: Spiritual agency (seance) - No.

    *   Sense 6: "the activity of managing or exerting control over something"
    *   Sense 8: "power to direct or determine"
    *   Sense 10: "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another" (synonyms: dominance, ascendancy)

    In the context of "control of that body [the Senate] changed party hands," it refers to which party holds the majority and thus the power to lead/govern the body. This is a state of power/dominance over the institution.

    *   Sense 10 specifically mentions "one person or group has power over another" and lists "ascendancy" as a synonym. Political control of a legislative body is exactly this: the state of having the majority/power.
    *   Sense 8 is more general ("power to direct or determine").
    *   Sense 6 is the *activity* of managing.

    Comparing "control changed party hands" with "dominance/ascendancy changed party hands," Sense 10 fits the political context of party power best.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 8 again: "power to direct or determine".
    And Sense 10: "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another".

    In political science, "control of the Senate" usually refers to which party holds the majority and thus the power to set the agenda. This is a state of power.

    Let's re-read Sense 10: "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another".
    Let's re-read Sense 8: "power to direct or determine".

    Actually, looking at the examples for Sense 10 ("her apparent dominance of her husband"), it's often interpersonal.
    Looking at Sense 8 ("under control"), it's very general.

    Let's look at Sense 6: "the activity of managing or exerting control over something".

    Wait, let's look at the phrase "control of that body changed party hands". This is a very common way to describe the shift in majority party.

    Is it "the state of having power" (10) or "the power to direct" (8)?
    Usually, "control" in this sense is synonymous with "dominance" or "ascendancy" in a political context.

    Let's check if there's a better fit.
    Sense 10: dominance, ascendancy.
    Sense 8: power to direct or determine.

    If we say "Republicans have control of the Senate," we mean they have the power to direct its business.

    Let's look at the context again: "...when control of that body changed party hands... reveals that the personal staffing differences... can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority-party status..."

    The text explicitly links "control" to "majority-party status". This strongly points to Sense 10 (the state of having power over another/dominance/ascendancy).

    Sense 10: "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another"
    Synonyms: dominance, ascendancy.
    Context: "control... changed party hands", "disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority-party status".

    This fits perfectly.

    Sense 6: activity of managing. (Not the state of having power).
    Sense 8: power to direct. (Close, but Sense 10's "state that exists when one group has power over another" fits the "majority-party status" link better).

    Sense 10 is the most precise for political control/dominance.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: body
Target surface form: body
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that <t>body</t> changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=body%1:08:00:: | definition=the entire structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being) | synonyms=organic structure, physical structure | examples=he felt as if his whole body were on fire
2. sense_key=body%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity | examples=the whole body filed out of the auditorium; the student body
3. sense_key=body%1:17:00:: | definition=an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects | examples=heavenly body
4. sense_key=body%1:06:01:: | definition=a resonating chamber in a musical instrument (as the body of a violin) | synonyms=soundbox
5. sense_key=body%1:14:02:: | definition=a collection of particulars considered as a system | examples=a body of law; a body of doctrine
6. sense_key=body%1:06:00:: | definition=the external structure of a vehicle | examples=the body of the car was badly rusted
7. sense_key=body%1:07:01:: | definition=the main mass of a thing
8. sense_key=body%1:08:01:: | definition=the body excluding the head and neck and limbs | synonyms=torso, trunk | examples=they moved their arms and legs and bodies
9. sense_key=body%1:10:00:: | definition=the central message of a communication | examples=the body of the message was short
10. sense_key=body%1:08:02:: | definition=a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person | synonyms=dead body | examples=they found the body in the lake
11. sense_key=body%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of holding together and retaining its shape | synonyms=consistency, consistence, eubstance | examples=wool has more body than rayon; when the dough has enough consistency it is ready to bake

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `body`
    *   Target surface form: `body`
    *   Context: "...An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that <t>body</t> changed party hands -RRB-..."
    *   The word "body" refers back to "the Senate".

    *   Sense 1: Entire structure of an organism (physical).
    *   Sense 2: A group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity (e.g., student body, legislative body).
    *   Sense 3: 3D object with mass (e.g., heavenly body).
    *   Sense 4: Resonating chamber in a musical instrument.
    *   Sense 5: Collection of particulars as a system (e.g., body of law).
    *   Sense 6: External structure of a vehicle.
    *   Sense 7: Main mass of a thing.
    *   Sense 8: Torso (excluding head/neck/limbs).
    *   Sense 9: Central message of a communication.
    *   Sense 10: Dead animal or person.
    *   Sense 11: Property of holding together (consistency).

    *   The context refers to "the Senate" as "that body".
    *   The Senate is a group of persons (senators) associated by a common tie (membership in the legislative chamber) and regarded as an entity.
    *   This matches Sense 2 perfectly.

    *   Sense 2: "a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity"
    *   Example: "the student body"
    *   Application: "the Senate" is a legislative body.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: party
Target surface form: party
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed <t>party</t> hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=party%1:14:02:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=company | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
2. sense_key=party%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people gathered together for pleasure | examples=she joined the party after dinner
3. sense_key=party%1:11:00:: | definition=an occasion on which people can assemble for social interaction and entertainment | examples=he planned a party to celebrate Bastille Day
4. sense_key=party%1:14:01:: | definition=an organization to gain political power | synonyms=political party | examples=in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level
5. sense_key=party%1:18:00:: | definition=a person involved in legal proceedings | examples=the party of the first part

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `party`
    *   Target surface form: `party`
    *   Context: "...when control of that body changed <t>party</t> hands..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses "congressional Republicans", "Democrats", "national policy making", "House attendance rate", "Senate", "majority-party status".

    *   Sense 1: a band of people associated temporarily in some activity (e.g., search party).
    *   Sense 2: a group of people gathered together for pleasure (e.g., dinner party).
    *   Sense 3: an occasion for social interaction and entertainment (e.g., celebration party).
    *   Sense 4: an organization to gain political power (e.g., political party).
    *   Sense 5: a person involved in legal proceedings (e.g., party of the first part).

    *   The phrase "changed party hands" in the context of the Senate, Republicans, and Democrats clearly refers to the political organization (political party).
    *   The text explicitly mentions "congressional Republicans", "Democrats", and "majority-party status".

    *   Sense 4 is "an organization to gain political power" (synonym: political party). This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reveal
Target surface form: reveals
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, <t>reveals</t> that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reveal%2:39:04:: | definition=disclose directly or through prophets | examples=God rarely reveal his plans for Mankind
2. sense_key=reveal%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible | synonyms=uncover, bring out, unveil | examples=Summer brings out bright clothes; He brings out the best in her
3. sense_key=reveal%2:32:00:: | definition=make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret | synonyms=unwrap, disclose, let on, bring out, discover, expose | examples=The auction house would not disclose the price at which the van Gogh had sold; The actress won't reveal how old she is

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `reveal`
    *   Target surface form: `reveals`
    *   Context: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987... moreover, <t>reveals</t> that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise..."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "reveals" means that the examination (the analysis of data) shows or makes evident a particular fact or conclusion.

    *   Sense 1: `reveal%2:39:04::` - disclose directly or through prophets (Religious context). -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: `reveal%2:39:00::` - make visible (uncover, bring out, unveil). Often used for physical visibility or bringing out a quality. -> Possible, but usually more physical or abstract quality.
    *   Sense 3: `reveal%2:32:00::` - make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret (disclose, let on, discover, expose). -> This is about disclosing secrets or hidden information.

    *   The sentence says "An examination... reveals that...". This is a common academic way of saying "the analysis shows" or "the evidence demonstrates".
    *   Does it fit Sense 2 (make visible/bring out)? "The examination brings out/uncovers the fact that..."
    *   Does it fit Sense 3 (disclose secret information)? "The examination discloses information that was previously secret..."
    *   Wait, let's look at the senses again.
    *   Sense 2: "make visible", "uncover", "bring out". Example: "Summer brings out bright clothes".
    *   Sense 3: "make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret". Example: "The auction house would not disclose the price".

    *   Actually, in academic writing, "reveals" often means "shows" or "demonstrates".
    *   Looking at the provided options:
        *   Sense 1 is definitely wrong.
        *   Sense 2 is "make visible" (uncover, bring out).
        *   Sense 3 is "make known... information... meant to be kept a secret".

    *   Is the information about staffing decisions a "secret"? No.
    *   Is the examination "making visible" a pattern or fact? Yes.

    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2 vs Sense 3.
    *   Sense 2: "make visible", "uncover", "bring out".
    *   Sense 3: "make known... information... previously known only to a few... or... secret".

    *   In many WordNet-based datasets, "reveal" in the sense of "show" or "demonstrate" (as in "the study reveals") is often mapped to the sense of "making something known" or "uncovering" a fact.
    *   If I have to choose between "make visible/bring out" and "disclose a secret", "make visible" (in the sense of uncovering a truth or pattern) is closer than "disclosing a secret".

    *   Wait, let me look at the synonyms for Sense 2: "uncover, bring out, unveil".
    *   Synonyms for Sense 3: "unwrap, disclose, let on, bring out, discover, expose".

    *   "An examination... reveals that..." -> "An examination... uncovers that..." or "An examination... brings out that...".

    *   Let's check if there's a better fit.
    *   Sense 2: "make visible".
    *   Sense 3: "make known... information... secret".

    *   Actually, "reveal" in "the data reveals" is often treated as "make known" or "disclose". While it's not a "secret" in the conspiratorial sense, it is information that was not previously known/evident until the analysis was done.

    *   Let's compare:
        *   Sense 2: "Summer brings out bright clothes" (Physical/Quality).
        *   Sense 3: "The auction house would not disclose the price" (Information).

    *   The context "An examination... reveals that..." is about information/facts. Therefore, Sense 3 (disclosing information) is a better fit than Sense 2 (making something physically visible or bringing out a quality).

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 3's definition: "make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret".
    *   Is the result of a political science examination "information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret"? Not necessarily. It's a conclusion drawn from data.

    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "make visible".
    *   If I say "The study reveals a trend", am I making the trend "visible"? Yes.

    *   Let's search for how "reveal" is typically disambiguated in these contexts.
    *   In many cases, "reveal" meaning "to show" is mapped to the "disclose" sense.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms again.
    *   Sense 2: uncover, bring out, unveil.
    *   Sense 3: unwrap, disclose, let on, bring out, discover, expose.

    *   "The examination reveals that..." -> "The examination discloses that..." or "The examination discovers that...".

    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "make visible".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret".

    *   Actually, "reveal" in the sense of "show" (as in "the data reveals") is often categorized as "making something known". Even if it wasn't a "secret", it was "unknown" until the analysis.

    *   Let's try to see if Sense 2 fits better. "Summer brings out bright clothes". This is about bringing something into view. "He brings out the best in her". This is about eliciting a quality.

    *   Comparing "The examination reveals that..." to "The auction house would not disclose the price", both are about making information known.

    *   Comparing "The examination reveals that..." to "Summer brings out bright clothes", the former is about information, the latter is about physical appearance/qualities.

    *   Therefore, Sense 3 is the most likely intended sense, as it deals with information/disclosure, even if the "secret" part of the definition is a bit narrow.

    *   Wait, let me look at the senses one more time.
    *   Sense 2: make visible.
    *   Sense 3: make known... information...

    *   In academic writing, "reveals" = "shows". "Shows" is closer to "makes known" (Sense 3) than "makes visible" (Sense 2).

    *   Let's double-check the synonyms for Sense 3: "discover, expose". "The examination discovers that..." fits well.

    *   Final check:
        Context: "An examination... reveals that the personal staffing differences... can not be attributed to..."
        Sense 2: make visible (uncover, bring out, unveil).
        Sense 3: make known... information... (unwrap, disclose, let on, bring out, discover, expose).

        Sense 3 is about information. Sense 2 is about visibility/qualities. The context is about information/conclusions.

    *   Wait, I just noticed "bring out" is a synonym for both.
    *   Sense 2: "Summer brings out bright clothes".
    *   Sense 3: "The actress won't reveal how old she is".

    *   The context "An examination... reveals that..." is much closer to "The actress won't reveal how old she is" (information) than "Summer brings out bright clothes" (visibility).

    *   Therefore, Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the <t>personal</t> staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
2. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings
3. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
5. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `personal`
    *   Target surface form: `personal`
    *   Context: "...reveals that the <t>personal</t> staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to..."
    *   Earlier context: "primary duty of personal staff", "allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices".

    *   The text discusses "personal staff" of legislators (congressional Republicans and Democrats).
    *   "Personal staff" in the context of a politician refers to the staff members employed directly by that individual legislator, as opposed to "committee staff" (which are shared resources of a legislative committee).
    *   Therefore, "personal" here means "belonging to or assigned to a particular person" (the legislator).

    *   Sense 1: `of or arising from personality` (e.g., personal magnetism) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: `indicating grammatical person` (e.g., personal verb endings) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: `concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality` (e.g., a personal favor; for your personal use) - This is close, as it refers to a particular person.
    *   Sense 4: `particular to a given individual` - This is a very strong fit for "personal staff" (staff particular to that individual legislator).
    *   Sense 5: `intimately concerning a person's body or physical being` (e.g., personal hygiene) - Incorrect.

    *   Sense 3 focuses on "private life and personality" or "concerning/affecting".
    *   Sense 4 focuses on "particular to a given individual".
    *   In the phrase "personal staff", the staff is not about the legislator's private life or personality; rather, the staff is *assigned to* or *particular to* that specific individual legislator (as opposed to committee staff).

    *   Sense 3: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality"
    *   Sense 4: "particular to a given individual"
    *   "Personal staff" means staff that is particular to the individual member of Congress.

    *   Sense 3 is often used for "private" (e.g., personal life).
    *   Sense 4 is more general: "particular to a given individual".
    *   Comparing "personal staff" (staff for a specific person) with "committee staff" (staff for a group/entity), "particular to a given individual" (Sense 4) is the most precise description.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 3: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality".
    *   Let me re-read Sense 4: "particular to a given individual".
    *   In the context of "personal staff", the staff is *particular to* the individual.

    *   Sense 3: "a personal favor; for your personal use"
    *   Sense 4: "particular to a given individual" (no examples provided in the prompt, but the definition is concise).

    *   If I have a "personal assistant", is that "concerning my private life" (Sense 3) or "particular to me" (Sense 4)? Usually, it's "particular to me".

    *   Let's look at the context again: "personal staffing decisions", "personal staff". This is about the allocation of resources to a specific person.

    *   Sense 3: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality"
    *   Sense 4: "particular to a given individual"

    *   "Personal staff" refers to the staff members who work for a specific member of Congress. This is a matter of who they are assigned to (particular to a given individual).

    *   Sense 3 is often used for things like "personal belongings" or "personal opinion", but "personal staff" fits "particular to a given individual" better.

    *   Wait, let me double-check if "personal staff" is typically mapped to Sense 3 or 4 in WSD datasets.
    *   Sense 3: "concerning or affecting a particular person..."
    *   Sense 4: "particular to a given individual"

    *   Actually, looking at the definitions again, Sense 3 mentions "concerning or affecting a particular person". "Personal staff" certainly concerns a particular person. However, Sense 4 "particular to a given individual" is even more direct.

    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 3: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality".
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 4: "particular to a given individual".

    *   In the phrase "personal staff", the staff is *assigned to* the individual. This makes them "particular to" that individual.

    *   Let's check if Sense 3's "private life" part makes it less likely. "Personal staff" in a professional political context isn't necessarily about "private life".

    *   Therefore, Sense 4 is the most accurate.

    *   Target: "personal staffing differences"
    *   Context: "personal staff" vs "committee staff".
    *   Sense 4: "particular to a given individual".
    *   This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: Personality (No)
    *   Sense 2: Grammar (No)
    *   Sense 3: Private life/concerning a person (Maybe, but less precise)
    *   Sense 4: Particular to an individual (Yes)
    *   Sense 5: Physical/Body (No)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: difference
Target surface form: differences
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing <t>differences</t> noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference
2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
4. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder
5. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `difference`
    *   Target surface form: `differences`
    *   Context: "...reveals that the personal staffing <t>differences</t> noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses how Democrats and Republicans allocate their personal staff (district offices vs. Washington offices). It mentions a table showing these allocations.

    *   Sense 1: a significant change (e.g., "the difference in her is amazing").
    *   Sense 2: a variation that deviates from the standard or norm (e.g., "deviation from the mean").
    *   Sense 3: a disagreement or argument (e.g., "irreconcilable differences").
    *   Sense 4: the number that remains after subtraction (mathematical remainder).
    *   Sense 5: the quality of being unlike or dissimilar (e.g., "differences between jazz and rock").

    *   The text is comparing the staffing patterns of Democrats and Republicans.
    *   "personal staffing differences noted in the table" refers to the fact that Democrats allocate staff differently than Republicans (higher proportion to district offices).
    *   This is a comparison of two groups (Democrats vs. Republicans) and the way they are unlike each other in a specific attribute (staffing allocation).

    *   Sense 1 (change): No, it's not about a change over time for one entity.
    *   Sense 2 (deviation from norm): No, it's not about deviating from a standard, but comparing two groups.
    *   Sense 3 (disagreement): No, it's not about an argument.
    *   Sense 4 (subtraction): While there might be numbers involved in the table, the "differences" here refer to the general state of being dissimilar in their staffing patterns, not specifically a subtraction result.
    *   Sense 5 (quality of being unlike or dissimilar): Yes, this fits perfectly. The staffing patterns of Democrats are dissimilar to those of Republicans.

    *   The "differences" are the dissimilarities in how the two parties allocate their staff. This matches Sense 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: note
Target surface form: noted
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences <t>noted</t> in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=note%2:32:01:: | definition=make a written note of | synonyms=take down | examples=she noted everything the teacher said that morning
2. sense_key=note%2:39:00:: | definition=notice or perceive | synonyms=notice, mark | examples=She noted that someone was following her; mark my words
3. sense_key=note%2:39:02:: | definition=observe with care or pay close attention to | synonyms=take note, observe | examples=Take note of this chemical reaction
4. sense_key=note%2:32:00:: | definition=make mention of | synonyms=observe, mention, remark | examples=She observed that his presentation took up too much time; They noted that it was a fine day to go sailing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `note`
    *   Target surface form: `noted`
    *   Context: "...reveals that the personal staffing differences <t>noted</t> in the table can not be attributed to..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `note%2:32:01::` (make a written note of / take down)
        2.  `note%2:39:00::` (notice or perceive / notice, mark)
        3.  `note%2:39:02::` (observe with care or pay close attention to / take note, observe)
        4.  `note%2:32:00::` (make mention of / observe, mention, remark)

    *   The phrase is "the personal staffing differences noted in the table".
    *   "Noted in the table" means the differences were mentioned, listed, or pointed out in the table.
    *   The table is a way of presenting information (making mention of it).

    *   Sense 1: "make a written note of" (take down). This usually refers to the act of writing something down while listening or observing (e.g., "she noted everything the teacher said"). While a table is written, "noted in the table" doesn't mean the author "took down" the differences *into* the table in the sense of transcription, but rather that the table *mentions* or *shows* them.
    *   Sense 2: "notice or perceive". This is about mental perception (e.g., "She noted that someone was following her"). Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 3: "observe with care or pay close attention to". This is about careful observation (e.g., "Take note of this chemical reaction"). Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 4: "make mention of" (observe, mention, remark). This fits best. "The differences noted in the table" means the differences mentioned or pointed out in the table.

    *   "The differences mentioned in the table" $\approx$ "The differences noted in the table".
    *   Sense 4 definition: "make mention of".
    *   Example for Sense 4: "They noted that it was a fine day to go sailing." (They mentioned it).

    *   Sense 1 is about the act of recording (taking notes).
    *   Sense 4 is about the act of mentioning or pointing out.
    *   In academic writing, "as noted in [Table X/Section Y]" almost always means "as mentioned/shown/pointed out". This aligns with "make mention of".

    *   Sense 1: make a written note of (take down)
    *   Sense 2: notice or perceive
    *   Sense 3: observe with care
    *   Sense 4: make mention of

    The differences were "mentioned" or "pointed out" in the table. Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: table
Target surface form: table
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the <t>table</t> can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=table%1:13:01:: | definition=food or meals in general | synonyms=board | examples=she sets a fine table; room and board
2. sense_key=table%1:14:00:: | definition=a set of data arranged in rows and columns | synonyms=tabular array | examples=see table 1
3. sense_key=table%1:14:01:: | definition=a company of people assembled at a table for a meal or game | examples=he entertained the whole table with his witty remarks
4. sense_key=table%1:06:01:: | definition=a piece of furniture having a smooth flat top that is usually supported by one or more vertical legs | examples=it was a sturdy table
5. sense_key=table%1:17:00:: | definition=flat tableland with steep edges | synonyms=mesa | examples=the tribe was relatively safe on the mesa but they had to descend into the valley for water
6. sense_key=table%1:06:02:: | definition=a piece of furniture with tableware for a meal laid out on it | examples=I reserved a table at my favorite restaurant

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `table`
    *   Target surface form: `table`
    *   Context: "...Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices... the personal staffing differences noted in the <t>table</t> can not be attributed to..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `table%1:13:01::`: food or meals in general.
        2.  `table%1:14:00::`: a set of data arranged in rows and columns.
        3.  `table%1:14:01::`: a company of people assembled at a table for a meal or game.
        4.  `table%1:06:01::`: a piece of furniture having a smooth flat top.
        5.  `table%1:17:00::`: flat tableland with steep edges (mesa).
        6.  `table%1:06:02::`: a piece of furniture with tableware for a meal laid out on it.

    *   The context mentions "as shown in the table" and "personal staffing differences noted in the table".
    *   The text is discussing data, attendance rates, and staffing proportions (quantitative information).
    *   This clearly refers to a data table (rows and columns).

    *   Sense 2: "a set of data arranged in rows and columns" (synonym: tabular array, example: "see table 1"). This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attribute
Target surface form: attributed
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be <t>attributed</t> to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attribute%2:31:01:: | definition=decide as to where something belongs in a scheme | synonyms=assign | examples=The biologist assigned the mushroom to the proper class
2. sense_key=attribute%2:31:00:: | definition=attribute or credit to | synonyms=impute, ascribe, assign | examples=We attributed this quotation to Shakespeare; People impute great cleverness to cats

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `attribute`
    *   Target surface form: `attributed`
    *   Context: "...reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be <t>attributed</t> to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `attribute%2:31:01::`: decide as to where something belongs in a scheme (synonym: assign). Example: "The biologist assigned the mushroom to the proper class."
        2.  `attribute%2:31:00::`: attribute or credit to (synonyms: impute, ascribe, assign). Example: "We attributed this quotation to Shakespeare."

    *   The sentence says: "...the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise..."
    *   This means the differences cannot be *ascribed* or *credited* to the control Democrats exercise. It's about causality or source.

    *   Sense 1 is about classification (taxonomy).
    *   Sense 2 is about ascribing a cause or source (imputing/ascribing).

    *   The context "attributed to [a cause/reason]" fits perfectly with Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: control
Target surface form: control
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate <t>control</t> Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=control%1:06:00:: | definition=a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine | synonyms=controller | examples=the speed controller on his turntable was not working properly; I turned the controls over to her
2. sense_key=control%1:09:02:: | definition=a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment | synonyms=control condition | examples=the control condition was inappropriate for the conclusions he wished to draw
3. sense_key=control%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity of managing or exerting control over something | examples=the control of the mob by the police was admirable
4. sense_key=control%1:10:00:: | definition=the economic policy of controlling or limiting or curbing prices or wages etc. | examples=they wanted to repeal all the legislation that imposed economic controls
5. sense_key=control%1:26:00:: | definition=the state that exists when one person or group has power over another | synonyms=dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency | examples=her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her
6. sense_key=control%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another | examples=measures for the control of disease; they instituted controls over drinking on campus
7. sense_key=control%1:07:00:: | definition=power to direct or determine | examples=under control
8. sense_key=control%1:07:01:: | definition=discipline in personal and social activities | synonyms=restraint | examples=he was a model of polite restraint; she never lost control of herself
9. sense_key=control%1:04:02:: | definition=(physiology) regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc | examples=the timing and control of his movements were unimpaired; he had lost control of his sphincters
10. sense_key=control%1:09:01:: | definition=great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity | synonyms=command, mastery | examples=a good command of French
11. sense_key=control%1:18:00:: | definition=a spiritual agency that is assumed to assist the medium during a seance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `control`
    *   Target surface form: `control`
    *   Context: "...when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate <t>control</t> Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff."
    *   Key phrase: "disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority-party status, over other resources such as committee staff."

    *   Sense 1: Mechanism for a machine (controller). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Scientific experiment standard (control condition). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Activity of managing or exerting control. (Possible, but more about the *act* of managing).
    *   Sense 4: Economic policy (price/wage controls). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: State of power over another (dominance, ascendancy). (Strong candidate: "majority-party status" implies power/dominance over resources).
    *   Sense 6: Relation of constraint (e.g., disease control). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Power to direct or determine. (Strong candidate: "control... over other resources").
    *   Sense 8: Discipline/restraint. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 9: Physiology regulation. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 10: Skillfulness/mastery. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 11: Spiritual agency. (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 5: "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another" (synonyms: dominance, ascendancy).
    *   Sense 7: "power to direct or determine".

    Looking at the context: "...disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority-party status, over other resources such as committee staff."

    The phrase "exercise control over" is very common.
    Sense 7 ("power to direct or determine") fits the ability to manage resources.
    Sense 5 ("the state that exists when one person or group has power over another") fits the "majority-party status" aspect.

    Let's re-read Sense 7: "power to direct or determine".
    Let's re-read Sense 5: "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another".

    In the context of "control... over other resources", it's not about power over *another person/group* (Sense 5), but rather the *power to direct or determine* the use of those resources (Sense 7).

    Wait, let's look at Sense 3: "the activity of managing or exerting control over something".
    "the disproportionate control Democrats exercise... over other resources".

    Comparing Sense 3, 5, and 7:
    Sense 3: Activity of managing.
    Sense 5: State of power over another (dominance).
    Sense 7: Power to direct or determine.

    "Exercise control" usually refers to the *power* (Sense 7) or the *activity* (Sense 3). However, "disproportionate control" suggests the *amount* of power they possess.

    Let's check Sense 7 again: "power to direct or determine".
    Example: "under control". (Wait, that example is a bit weak).

    Let's check Sense 5 again: "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another".
    Synonyms: dominance, ascendancy.
    Example: "her apparent dominance of her husband".

    Let's check Sense 3 again: "the activity of managing or exerting control over something".
    Example: "the control of the mob by the police was admirable".

    In the sentence "disproportionate control Democrats exercise... over other resources", the "control" is the power they have to direct those resources.

    Is "control over resources" more like "power to direct" (Sense 7) or "dominance" (Sense 5)?
    Usually, "control over [something]" is Sense 7. "Control over [someone]" can be Sense 5.

    Let's look at the phrase "control of that body changed party hands" earlier in the sentence. That refers to who is in charge (power to direct/determine).

    Sense 7: "power to direct or determine".
    Sense 5: "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another".

    The "control" exercised over "resources such as committee staff" is the power to direct those resources.

    Let's double-check if there's a better fit.
    Sense 3: "the activity of managing or exerting control over something".
    If the sentence was "the control Democrats exercise", it could be the activity. But "disproportionate control" sounds more like the *extent* of their power.

    Let's compare Sense 7 and Sense 5 again.
    Sense 5 is specifically about power over *another person or group*.
    Sense 7 is "power to direct or determine".

    Resources (like committee staff) are things/people that are directed.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 7's example: "under control". That's an idiomatic use.
    Let's look at Sense 3's example: "the control of the mob by the police was admirable". This is the *act* of controlling.

    Actually, "exercise control over" often maps to the power itself.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 7 vs Sense 5.
    Sense 5: dominance, ascendancy.
    Sense 7: power to direct or determine.

    "Disproportionate control... over other resources" = "Disproportionate power to direct or determine other resources". This fits Sense 7 perfectly.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 3 again. "the activity of managing or exerting control over something".
    If you "exercise control", you are performing the activity.

    Let's search for "exercise control over" in WordNet-like contexts.
    Usually, "exercise control" means to use the power one has.

    Let's look at the options again.
    Sense 7: power to direct or determine.
    Sense 5: state that exists when one person or group has power over another.

    If the Democrats have "majority-party status", they have the *power* (Sense 7) to direct resources.

    Let's check Sense 3 one more time. "the activity of managing or exerting control over something".
    "the disproportionate control Democrats exercise... over other resources".
    This could be interpreted as the *way* they manage them, but "disproportionate" suggests the *amount* of power.

    Let's compare:
    A: "They exercise great control over the budget." (Power/Ability)
    B: "The control of the budget was handled poorly." (Activity/Management)

    In the target sentence, "disproportionate control" refers to the amount of power they have due to their status.

    Therefore, Sense 7 ("power to direct or determine") is the most accurate.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 5 again. "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another".
    Is "control over resources" the same as "power over another"?
    Resources can include people (committee staff).

    However, "power to direct or determine" (Sense 7) is a more general and precise fit for "control over resources".

    Let's double-check Sense 3 again. "the activity of managing or exerting control over something".
    If you "exercise control", you are doing the activity.
    "the disproportionate control [that] Democrats exercise" -> the control they are exercising.

    Let's think about "disproportionate". You can have a disproportionate *amount* of power (Sense 7), but can you have a disproportionate *activity* of managing (Sense 3)? Not really. You can exercise control *disproportionately*, but "disproportionate control" as a noun phrase usually refers to the power itself.

    Final check:
    Sense 7: power to direct or determine.
    Sense 5: dominance/ascendancy.
    Sense 3: activity of managing.

    Sense 7 is the best fit for "control over resources".