[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: allow
Target surface form: allow
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- <t>allow</t> this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=allow%2:31:01:: | definition=give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause | synonyms=appropriate, earmark, set aside, reserve | examples=I will earmark this money for your research; She sets aside time for meditation every day
2. sense_key=allow%2:41:01:: | definition=allow the other (baseball) team to score | synonyms=give up | examples=give up a run
3. sense_key=allow%2:40:00:: | definition=let have | synonyms=grant | examples=grant permission; Mandela was allowed few visitors in prison
4. sense_key=allow%2:31:00:: | definition=allow or plan for a certain possibility; concede the truth or validity of something | synonyms=take into account | examples=I allow for this possibility; The seamstress planned for 5% shrinkage after the first wash
5. sense_key=allow%2:32:06:: | definition=allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting | synonyms=permit, tolerate | examples=We don't allow dogs here; Children are not permitted beyond this point
6. sense_key=allow%2:41:00:: | definition=make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen | synonyms=let, permit | examples=This permits the water to rush in; This sealed door won't allow the water come into the basement
7. sense_key=allow%2:42:07:: | definition=afford possibility | synonyms=admit | examples=This problem admits of no solution; This short story allows of several different interpretations
8. sense_key=allow%2:42:00:: | definition=make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain | synonyms=leave, allow for, provide | examples=This leaves no room for improvement; The evidence allows only one conclusion
9. sense_key=allow%2:32:00:: | definition=consent to, give permission | synonyms=permit, let, countenance | examples=She permitted her son to visit her estranged husband; I won't let the police search her basement
10. sense_key=allow%2:40:01:: | definition=grant as a discount or in exchange | examples=The camera store owner allowed me $50 on my old camera

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `allow`
    *   Target surface form: `allow`
    *   Context: "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- <t>allow</t> this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share."

    *   1: Give/assign resource (earmark, set aside). (Incorrect)
    *   2: Baseball (give up a run). (Incorrect)
    *   3: Let have (grant permission/visitors). (Incorrect)
    *   4: Plan for possibility/concede truth (take into account). (Incorrect)
    *   5: Allow presence/activity without opposing (permit, tolerate). (Possible, but usually refers to rules/regulations).
    *   6: Make it possible through action/lack of action for something to happen (let, permit). (Strong candidate: "allow this common sense to prevail").
    *   7: Afford possibility (admit). (Incorrect)
    *   8: Make a possibility or provide opportunity for (leave, allow for). (Incorrect)
    *   9: Consent to, give permission (permit, let, countenance). (Possible, but usually refers to a person giving permission for another person to do something).
    *   10: Grant as a discount. (Incorrect)

    *   The sentence is: "...the degree to which we... allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions..."
    *   "Allow [something] to [verb]" often means to let it happen or make it possible.
    *   Sense 6: "make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen" (synonyms: let, permit). Example: "This permits the water to rush in."
    *   Sense 9: "consent to, give permission" (synonyms: permit, let, countenance). Example: "She permitted her son to visit..."
    *   Comparing 6 and 9: Sense 9 is more about granting permission to a person. Sense 6 is more about enabling a state or event to occur. "Allowing common sense to prevail" is about enabling a condition or outcome, not granting a formal permission to "common sense" (which isn't a person).

    *   Sense 6: "make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen".
    *   If we "allow common sense to prevail", we are making it possible for common sense to win/prevail. This fits well.

    *   Sense 5: "allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting" (tolerate). This is close, but "prevail" is an action/outcome, not just a presence.
    *   Sense 6: "make it possible... for something to happen". This fits "prevail" (to happen/win) perfectly.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prevail
Target surface form: prevail
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to <t>prevail</t> over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevail%2:42:00:: | definition=continue to exist | synonyms=persist, die hard, run, endure | examples=These stories die hard; The legend of Elvis endures
2. sense_key=prevail%2:42:02:: | definition=be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance | synonyms=predominate, dominate, rule, reign | examples=Money reigns supreme here; Hispanics predominate in this neighborhood
3. sense_key=prevail%2:32:02:: | definition=use persuasion successfully | examples=He prevailed upon her to visit his parents
4. sense_key=prevail%2:33:00:: | definition=prove superior | synonyms=triumph | examples=The champion prevailed, though it was a hard fight
5. sense_key=prevail%2:42:01:: | definition=be valid, applicable, or true | synonyms=hold, obtain | examples=This theory still holds

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `prevail`
    *   Context: "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to <t>prevail</t> over the illusions that we also share."
    *   Key phrase: "allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions"

    *   Sense 1: `continue to exist` (persist, endure). Example: "The legend of Elvis endures."
    *   Sense 2: `be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance` (predominate, dominate, rule, reign). Example: "Money reigns supreme here."
    *   Sense 3: `use persuasion successfully`. Example: "He prevailed upon her to visit his parents." (Usually "prevail upon someone").
    *   Sense 4: `prove superior` (triumph). Example: "The champion prevailed, though it was a hard fight."
    *   Sense 5: `be valid, applicable, or true` (hold, obtain). Example: "This theory still holds."

    *   The sentence describes a conflict between "common sense" and "illusions."
    *   The phrase "prevail over" strongly suggests winning a struggle or proving superior to an opposing force.
    *   Comparing Sense 2 (predominate/dominate) and Sense 4 (triumph/prove superior):
        *   Sense 2 is often about distribution or status (e.g., "Hispanics predominate in this neighborhood").
        *   Sense 4 is about winning a contest or struggle (e.g., "The champion prevailed").
    *   "Common sense prevailing over illusions" is a metaphorical struggle where common sense wins. This aligns best with "triumph" or "prove superior."

    *   Sense 4: "prove superior" / "triumph". This fits perfectly with "prevail over [something]".
    *   Sense 2: "be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance". While "dominate" is close, "triumph" (Sense 4) captures the essence of overcoming the "illusions" better.

    *   "Prevail over" is a classic idiom for triumphing over an adversary or obstacle.
    *   Sense 4 definition: "prove superior" / synonym: "triumph".
    *   Sense 2 definition: "be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance" / synonym: "predominate".
    *   In the context of "common sense" vs "illusions", it's about which one wins out/triumphs.

    *   Sense 1: No.
    *   Sense 2: Possible, but Sense 4 is more precise for "prevail over".
    *   Sense 3: No (requires "upon").
    *   Sense 4: Yes.
    *   Sense 5: No.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: illusion
Target surface form: illusions
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the <t>illusions</t> that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=illusion%1:09:00:: | definition=something many people believe that is false | synonyms=fantasy, phantasy, fancy | examples=they have the illusion that I am very wealthy
2. sense_key=illusion%1:09:01:: | definition=an erroneous mental representation | synonyms=semblance
3. sense_key=illusion%1:04:02:: | definition=an illusory feat; considered magical by naive observers | synonyms=magic trick, conjuring trick, trick, magic, legerdemain, conjuration
4. sense_key=illusion%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of deluding; deception by creating illusory ideas | synonyms=delusion, head game

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `illusion`
    *   Target surface form: `illusions`
    *   Context: "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the <t>illusions</t> that we also share."
    *   Surrounding context: The author is discussing the "romantic rebellion" and "romantic extravagance" regarding "creativity" in education, contrasting it with "disciplined instruction" and "common sense." The "illusions" refer to the false beliefs about creativity and the inherent potentialities of children that the author believes are misleading.

    *   Sense 1: `something many people believe that is false` (synonyms: fantasy, phantasy, fancy; example: "they have the illusion that I am very wealthy").
    *   Sense 2: `an erroneous mental representation` (synonym: semblance).
    *   Sense 3: `an illusory feat; considered magical by naive observers` (synonyms: magic trick, conjuring trick).
    *   Sense 4: `the act of deluding; deception by creating illusory ideas` (synonyms: delusion, head game).

    *   The context describes a widespread belief (about "creativity" in education) that the author considers false or romanticized.
    *   Sense 3 (magic trick) is completely irrelevant.
    *   Sense 4 (the act of deluding) refers to the *process* of deception, whereas the text refers to the *beliefs* themselves ("the illusions that we also share").
    *   Sense 2 (erroneous mental representation) is a bit more technical/perceptual (like an optical illusion or a specific mental error).
    *   Sense 1 (something many people believe that is false) fits perfectly. The author is talking about a shared, false belief held by a generation/society.

    *   The "illusions" are the "romantic extravagance" and the "notion of 'creativity' in education" which the author argues is a rebellion against disciplined instruction. This is a shared false belief.
    *   Sense 1: "something many people believe that is false". This matches the "illusions that we also share".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: share
Target surface form: share
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also <t>share</t>. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=share%2:40:00:: | definition=give out as one's portion or share | synonyms=divvy up, portion out, apportion, deal
2. sense_key=share%2:42:00:: | definition=have in common | examples=Our children share a love of music; The two countries share a long border
3. sense_key=share%2:32:00:: | definition=communicate | examples=I'd like to share this idea with you
4. sense_key=share%2:40:02:: | definition=use jointly or in common
5. sense_key=share%2:40:01:: | definition=have, give, or receive a share of | synonyms=partake, partake in | examples=We shared the cake

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `share`
    *   Target surface form: `share`
    *   Context: "...American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also <t>share</t>."

    *   Sense 1: `give out as one's portion or share` (divvy up, portion out) - *Incorrect. Not about dividing something.*
    *   Sense 2: `have in common` (examples: "Our children share a love of music", "The two countries share a long border") - *Fits well. "Illusions that we also share" means illusions that we have in common.*
    *   Sense 3: `communicate` (example: "I'd like to share this idea with you") - *Possible, but "share illusions" usually means holding the same false beliefs, not necessarily telling someone about them.*
    *   Sense 4: `use jointly or in common` - *Usually refers to physical objects or resources (e.g., sharing a car).*
    *   Sense 5: `have, give, or receive a share of` (partake) - *Incorrect. Not about taking a piece of something.*

    *   The sentence says "...the illusions that we also share."
    *   This means the speaker and others hold the same illusions.
    *   This aligns perfectly with "have in common" (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 2: "have in common" -> "illusions that we also share" (we all have these illusions).
    *   Sense 3: "communicate" -> "illusions that we also share" (we tell each other about these illusions).
    *   In the context of "illusions," "sharing" them almost always means holding them collectively/simultaneously, not communicating them.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The <t>education</t> establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
2. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
3. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department
4. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "education"
    *   Target surface form: "education"
    *   Context: "The <t>education</t> establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses the tension between "creativity" and "disciplined instruction," the desire for a "decent education as traditionally understood," and "American education's future."

    *   Sense 1: `education%1:04:01` - the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university).
    *   Sense 2: `education%1:04:00` - the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill (instruction, teaching, pedagogy).
    *   Sense 3: `education%1:14:00` - the United States federal department (Department of Education).
    *   Sense 4: `education%1:09:00` - knowledge acquired by learning and instruction.
    *   Sense 5: `education%1:07:01` - the result of good upbringing (breeding).
    *   Sense 6: `education%1:09:01` - the gradual process of acquiring knowledge.

    *   The phrase is "The education establishment."
    *   "Establishment" in this context refers to the group of people who control or administer a particular system (the "powers that be").
    *   "The education establishment" refers to the people, institutions, and professional bodies that run the system of teaching and schooling.
    *   This aligns most closely with the *profession* of teaching and the institutionalized system of schooling.

    *   Sense 1 (the profession of teaching) fits well because "the education establishment" refers to the professional class and institutional structure of teaching.
    *   Sense 2 (the activities of educating) is about the *act* of teaching, not the *people/institutions* (the establishment).
    *   Sense 3 (the US federal department) is too narrow. While the Department of Education is part of the establishment, "the education establishment" usually refers to the broader professional/institutional complex (teachers' unions, administrators, university boards, etc.).
    *   Sense 4 (knowledge acquired) doesn't fit "establishment."
    *   Sense 5 (upbringing) doesn't fit "establishment."
    *   Sense 6 (process of acquiring knowledge) doesn't fit "establishment."

    *   "The education establishment" is a common phrase referring to the professional and institutionalized world of teaching.
    *   Sense 1: "the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)". This is the most appropriate fit for the modifier of "establishment."

    *   Sense 1: Profession of teaching.
    *   Sense 2: Activities of educating.
    *   The "establishment" consists of the people in the profession, not the activities themselves.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: establishment
Target surface form: establishment
Context:
The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education <t>establishment</t> will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=establishment%1:22:00:: | definition=(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat | synonyms=ecesis
2. sense_key=establishment%1:14:01:: | definition=any large organization
3. sense_key=establishment%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof | synonyms=validation
4. sense_key=establishment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, formation, organization, organisation | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation
5. sense_key=establishment%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization founded and united for a specific purpose | synonyms=institution
6. sense_key=establishment%1:06:00:: | definition=a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence
7. sense_key=establishment%1:14:02:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "establishment"
    *   Context: "The education <t>establishment</t> will fight against common sense every inch of the way."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses a conflict between "common sense" (traditional education) and "romantic rebellion" (creativity in education). It mentions that the "education establishment" will resist this common sense.

    *   Sense 1: (ecology) process of plant/animal becoming established. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: any large organization. (Possible, but generic)
    *   Sense 3: cognitive process of establishing a valid proof. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: the act of forming or establishing something. (Incorrect - this is the *process* of creating, not the entity)
    *   Sense 5: an organization founded and united for a specific purpose (institution). (Possible)
    *   Sense 6: a public or private structure (buildings/equipment). (Incorrect - not referring to buildings)
    *   Sense 7: the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something (administration, governance, governing body, brass). (Very strong fit)

    *   The sentence "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way" refers to the people in power, the administrators, the bureaucracy, and the governing bodies of the education system.
    *   Sense 7 specifically mentions "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something" and lists synonyms like "administration," "governance," and "brass." This perfectly matches the usage of "the establishment" as the ruling class or administrative power within a system.
    *   Sense 2 ("any large organization") is too broad.
    *   Sense 5 ("an organization founded and united for a specific purpose") is also too broad and refers more to the organization as a whole rather than the power structure/administration.

    *   The term "the establishment" (especially when used with "the") often refers to the dominant group or elite that controls a particular field. Sense 7 captures this "governing body/administration" aspect.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fight
Target surface form: fight
Context:
The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will <t>fight</t> against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fight%2:41:10:: | definition=exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for | synonyms=crusade, press, campaign, push, agitate | examples=The liberal party pushed for reforms; She is crusading for women's rights
2. sense_key=fight%2:41:00:: | definition=make a strenuous or labored effort | synonyms=struggle | examples=She struggled for years to survive without welfare; He fought for breath
3. sense_key=fight%2:33:00:: | definition=be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight | synonyms=contend, struggle | examples=the tribesmen fought each other; Siblings are always fighting
4. sense_key=fight%2:33:01:: | definition=fight against or resist strongly | synonyms=oppose, fight back, fight down, defend | examples=The senator said he would oppose the bill; Don't fight it!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "fight"
    *   Target surface form: "fight"
    *   Context: "The education establishment will <t>fight</t> against common sense every inch of the way."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `fight%2:41:10::`: exert oneself continuously... to gain an end or engage in a crusade... (synonyms: crusade, press, campaign, push, agitate).
        2.  `fight%2:41:00::`: make a strenuous or labored effort (synonyms: struggle).
        3.  `fight%2:33:00::`: be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight (synonyms: contend, struggle).
        4.  `fight%2:33:01::`: fight against or resist strongly (synonyms: oppose, fight back, fight down, defend).

    *   The sentence is: "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way."
    *   The phrase "fight against" is explicitly used.
    *   The meaning is that the education establishment will oppose or resist the application of common sense.

    *   Sense 1: Focuses on advocating *for* something (crusading, campaigning). The context is fighting *against* something.
    *   Sense 2: Focuses on a struggle to survive or achieve something difficult (e.g., "fought for breath"). Not the best fit.
    *   Sense 3: Focuses on the act of fighting/contending (e.g., "tribesmen fought each other"). This is more about the engagement in combat or conflict.
    *   Sense 4: "fight against or resist strongly" (synonyms: oppose, fight back). This matches the context "fight against common sense" perfectly.

    *   The context "fight against common sense" aligns exactly with the definition "fight against or resist strongly" and the synonym "oppose".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reasons
Context:
It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The <t>reasons</t> are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying
3. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
4. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
5. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
6. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `reason`
    *   Target surface form: `reasons`
    *   Context: "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The <t>reasons</t> are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `reason%1:16:00`: a rational motive for a belief or action (synonym: ground)
        2.  `reason%1:09:01`: a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion
        3.  `reason%1:26:00`: the state of having good sense and sound judgment (synonym: rationality)
        4.  `reason%1:10:00`: a justification for something existing or happening (synonym: cause, grounds)
        5.  `reason%1:09:00`: the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination (synonym: understanding, intellect)
        6.  `reason%1:10:01`: an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon

    *   The sentence is: "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
    *   The "reasons" refer to *why* the education establishment will fight against common sense.
    *   It's explaining the cause or the motive behind the action (fighting against common sense).

    *   Sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action" (ground). This fits well. The "reasons" are the motives for the education establishment's fight.
    *   Sense 2: "a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion". This is more about logical arguments.
    *   Sense 3: "the state of having good sense". (Incorrect - this is the abstract noun for rationality).
    *   Sense 4: "a justification for something existing or happening" (cause, grounds). This also fits.
    *   Sense 5: "the capacity for rational thought". (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 6: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon". This also fits.

    *   Sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action" (e.g., "the reason that war was declared").
    *   Sense 4: "a justification for something existing or happening" (e.g., "he had no cause to complain").
    *   Sense 6: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon" (e.g., "the reason a steady state was never reached was that...").

    *   The text says "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
    *   The "simple reason" provided is: "'Progressive education' ... is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."
    *   This "simple reason" is a *motive* or a *cause* for the behavior (fighting against common sense).
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 6: Sense 1 focuses on the *motive* for an action. Sense 6 focuses on the *explanation* of a phenomenon.
    *   The "fight" is an action. The "reasons" are the motives behind that action.
    *   Sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action".
    *   Sense 4: "a justification for something existing or happening".
    *   Sense 6: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon".

    Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 1: "the reason that war was declared" (motive for action).
    Sense 4: "he had no cause to complain" (justification for action).
    Sense 6: "the reason a steady state was never reached was that..." (explanation of a physical/scientific phenomenon).

    The "fight" of the education establishment is an action. The "reasons" are the motives/causes for this action. Sense 1 ("rational motive for a belief or action") fits very well. Sense 4 ("justification for something existing or happening") also fits, but "motive" (Sense 1) is slightly more precise for a human/organizational action like "fighting against common sense".

    Wait, let's re-evaluate Sense 6. "An explanation of the cause of some phenomenon." Is the "fight" a phenomenon? Yes. Is the "reason" an explanation? Yes.

    Let's look at the "simple reason" given: "Progressive education... is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction." This is a motive.

    Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 4 again:
    Sense 1: rational motive for a belief or action.
    Sense 4: justification for something existing or happening.

    In many WordNet versions, "reason" as "cause" or "motive" is split.
    Sense 1: motive for action.
    Sense 4: justification/cause.
    Sense 6: explanation of cause.

    The sentence "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated" suggests that the author is providing the *cause* or *motive* for the behavior.

    Let's check the synonyms:
    Sense 1: ground
    Sense 4: cause, grounds

    If I say "The reason I did it was...", I'm usually giving a motive (Sense 1) or a cause (Sense 4/6).

    Let's look at the context again: "The education establishment will fight... The reasons are complex..."
    This is explaining *why* they fight.
    Sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action"
    Sense 4: "a justification for something existing or happening"
    Sense 6: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon"

    The "simple reason" (that progressive education is more agreeable to teachers) is the *motive* for the fight.

    Is it a "rational motive"? The author might be implying it's a motive, even if they don't think it's a *good* or *rational* one in the moral sense, but it is the "reason" (the logic) from the teachers' perspective.

    Let's re-examine Sense 6: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon".
    Example: "the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly".
    This is more of a causal explanation of a process.

    Let's re-examine Sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action".
    Example: "the reason that war was declared".
    This matches "the reason the education establishment will fight" very closely.

    Let's re-examine Sense 4: "a justification for something existing or happening".
    Example: "he had no cause to complain".
    This is more about whether the action was *justified*.

    The author is explaining the *motive* (why they do it), not necessarily whether it's *justified* (Sense 4) or a *scientific explanation* (Sense 6).

    Therefore, Sense 1 seems the most appropriate.

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 1 vs Sense 6 one more time.
    Sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action"
    Sense 6: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon"

    "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
    The "simple reason" is that progressive education is more agreeable to teachers. This is the *motive* for their action (fighting common sense).

    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "a rational motive for a belief or action".
    Example: "the reason that war was declared".
    This is almost identical in structure to "the reason the education establishment will fight".

    Final check:
    Sense 1: motive for action.
    Sense 2: fact justifying a premise.
    Sense 3: rationality.
    Sense 4: justification/cause.
    Sense 5: intellect.
    Sense 6: explanation of cause.

    The most fitting is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: simple
Target surface form: simple
Context:
It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one <t>simple</t> reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00 | definition=exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity | synonyms=childlike, wide-eyed, round-eyed, dewy-eyed | examples=childlike trust; dewy-eyed innocence
2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=unornamented | examples=a simple country schoolhouse; her black dress--simple to austerity
3. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: | definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples=a simple problem; simple mechanisms
4. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00 | definition=lacking mental capacity and subtlety | synonyms=dim-witted, simple-minded
5. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 | definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | synonyms=bare, mere | examples=only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea
6. sense_key=simple%3:00:01:: | definition=(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions | synonyms=unsubdivided
7. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 | definition=easy and not involved or complicated | synonyms=elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic | examples=an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `simple`
    *   Target surface form: `simple`
    *   Context: "The reasons are complex, but one <t>simple</t> reason ought not to be underestimated."
    *   Contrast: The sentence explicitly contrasts "complex" reasons with "one simple reason".

    *   Sense 1: naive (childlike simplicity/credulity) - Not fitting.
    *   Sense 2: unornamented (plain) - Not fitting.
    *   Sense 3: having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved (e.g., a simple problem) - Fits well, especially as a direct contrast to "complex".
    *   Sense 4: lacking mental capacity (dim-witted) - Not fitting.
    *   Sense 5: apart from anything else; without additions or modifications (bare, mere) - "One mere reason" could almost work, but "not complex" is the primary contrast here.
    *   Sense 6: botany (leaf shapes) - Not fitting.
    *   Sense 7: easy and not involved or complicated (elementary) - This is close to Sense 3, but Sense 3 focuses on the structure/nature (not complex), while Sense 7 focuses on the ease of solving/understanding.

    *   The sentence says: "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason..."
    *   The direct antonym of "complex" in this context is "not complex" or "having few parts/not complicated".
    *   Sense 3: "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved".
    *   Sense 7: "easy and not involved or complicated".
    *   While "simple" can mean "easy", in the contrast "complex vs simple", it usually refers to the nature of the reason (not complicated) rather than the ease of finding it. Sense 3 is the most direct opposite of "complex".

    *   Sense 3: "not complex or complicated or involved"
    *   Sense 7: "easy and not involved or complicated"
    *   In the phrase "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason...", the author is contrasting the complexity of the situation with a single, straightforward (not complex) explanation. Sense 3 is the most precise fit for "not complex".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reason
Context:
It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple <t>reason</t> ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
2. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
3. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
4. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying
5. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
6. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `reason`
    *   Target surface form: `reason`
    *   Context: "The reasons are complex, but one simple <t>reason</t> ought not to be underestimated. 'Progressive education' (as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."

    *   The sentence says "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
    *   The following sentence explains that "reason": "'Progressive education'... is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."
    *   This "reason" explains *why* the education establishment fights against common sense.

    *   Sense 1: `an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon` (e.g., "the reason a steady state was never reached").
    *   Sense 2: `the state of having good sense and sound judgment` (rationality).
    *   Sense 3: `a justification for something existing or happening` (cause, grounds).
    *   Sense 4: `a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion` (e.g., "reason to believe").
    *   Sense 5: `the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination` (intellect).
    *   Sense 6: `a rational motive for a belief or action` (ground).

    *   The context is explaining *why* the education establishment fights against common sense.
    *   "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason..."
    *   The "reason" provided is that progressive education is more interesting to teachers. This is a *motive* for their action (fighting against common sense).
    *   Sense 6: "a rational motive for a belief or action" (synonym: ground).
    *   Sense 1: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon".
    *   Sense 3: "a justification for something existing or happening".

    *   Sense 1 is often used for scientific or physical causes.
    *   Sense 3 is often used for justification (e.g., "no reason to complain").
    *   Sense 6 specifically mentions "motive for a belief or action". The action here is "fighting against common sense". The motive is that progressive education is more agreeable to teachers.

    *   "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
    *   The "reason" is the motive behind the behavior of the education establishment.
    *   Sense 6 fits best: "a rational motive for a belief or action".

    *   Sense 1: explanation of cause.
    *   Sense 3: justification for existing/happening.
    *   Sense 6: rational motive for action.
    *   The "reason" given (it's more interesting to teachers) is the motive for the action (fighting against common sense).

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon".
    *   Sense 6: "a rational motive for a belief or action".
    *   Is "fighting against common sense" a phenomenon or an action? It's an action.
    *   Is "being more interesting to teachers" a motive? Yes.

    *   Let's check Sense 3: "a justification for something existing or happening".
    *   Is it a justification? Not necessarily a *justification* in the sense of making it right, but a reason why it happens.

    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 6:
        Sense 1: "the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly" (Cause/Effect).
        Sense 6: "the reason that war was declared" (Motive for action).
        The context "The education establishment will fight... The reasons are complex, but one simple reason..." mirrors "the reason that war was declared".

    *   Therefore, Sense 6 is the most precise fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: progressive
Target surface form: Progressive
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "<t>Progressive</t> education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=progressive%3:00:02:: | definition=(of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases
2. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:increasing:00 | definition=gradually advancing in extent
3. sense_key=progressive%3:00:01:: | definition=favoring or promoting progress | examples=progressive schools
4. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:active:02 | definition=advancing in severity | examples=progressive paralysis
5. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:ordered:00 | definition=(of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections for which the participants successively change place or relative position | examples=progressive euchre; progressive tournaments
6. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:liberal:00 | definition=favoring or promoting reform (often by government action) | synonyms=reformist, reform-minded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "Progressive"
    *   Context: "Progressive education (as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses the tension between "common sense" (traditional education/disciplined instruction) and "creativity" or "personality development" in education.

    *   Sense 1: (of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases... (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: gradually advancing in extent (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: favoring or promoting progress | examples=progressive schools (Strong candidate)
    *   Sense 4: advancing in severity | examples=progressive paralysis (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: (of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections... (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: favoring or promoting reform (often by government action) | synonyms=reformist, reform-minded (Possible, but Sense 3 specifically mentions "progressive schools").

    *   The phrase is "Progressive education".
    *   Sense 3 explicitly lists "progressive schools" as an example.
    *   Sense 6 is more about political reform.
    *   In the context of education, "progressive education" refers to a specific pedagogical approach (student-centered, focusing on the whole child, often contrasted with traditional "disciplined instruction"). This aligns perfectly with "favoring or promoting progress" in the sense of educational advancement/innovation (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 3: "favoring or promoting progress | examples=progressive schools"
    *   Sense 6: "favoring or promoting reform (often by government action)"
    *   The context is specifically about education and teaching methods. Sense 3's example "progressive schools" makes it the most precise fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive <t>education</t> "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
2. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department
3. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
6. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `education`
    *   Target surface form: `education`
    *   Context: "Progressive <t>education</t> "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses parents wanting a "decent education," "American education's future," the "education establishment," and compares "Progressive education" to "disciplined instruction."

    *   Sense 1: Result of good upbringing (social behavior/breeding). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: US federal department. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Knowledge acquired by learning and instruction. (This is the *result* of the process).
    *   Sense 4: The profession of teaching. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: The activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill (instruction, teaching, pedagogy).
    *   Sense 6: The gradual process of acquiring knowledge.

    *   The phrase is "Progressive education".
    *   It is contrasted with "disciplined instruction".
    *   The text mentions "teachers" and "personality development" vs "irksome tests".
    *   "Progressive education" refers to a specific approach or method of teaching/instructing (pedagogy).
    *   Sense 5 (activities of educating/instructing, pedagogy) fits best because "Progressive education" is a pedagogical approach.
    *   Sense 6 (the process of acquiring knowledge) is close, but "Progressive education" describes the *method* or *system* of instruction rather than the internal process of the student.
    *   Sense 3 (knowledge acquired) is the outcome, not the system.

    *   Sense 5: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity"
    *   The context compares "Progressive education" to "disciplined instruction". "Instruction" is a synonym for Sense 5.

    *   Sense 5 is the most accurate fit for "Progressive education" in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: once
Target surface form: once
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was <t>once</t> called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing
2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "once"
    *   Target surface form: "once"
    *   Context: "...'Progressive education' (as it was <t>once</t> called) is far more interesting..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `once%4:02:01::` (at a previous time / formerly)
        2.  `once%4:02:02::` (as soon as)
        3.  `once%4:02:00::` (on one occasion / one time)

    *   The phrase is "as it was once called".
    *   This refers to a name that was used in the past, but is perhaps no longer used or is being contrasted with current terminology.
    *   "Formerly called" or "at a previous time called" fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: "at a previous time" (formerly). Matches "as it was once called".
    *   Sense 2: "as soon as". Does not fit ("as it was as soon as called" - incorrect).
    *   Sense 3: "on one occasion". Does not fit ("as it was on one occasion called" - unlikely in this context of naming a movement).

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: call
Target surface form: called
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once <t>called</t>) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=call%2:41:00:: | definition=pay a brief visit | synonyms=visit, call in | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
2. sense_key=call%2:32:11:: | definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
3. sense_key=call%2:32:10:: | definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | synonyms=predict, foretell, prognosticate, forebode, anticipate, promise | examples=Call the outcome of an election
4. sense_key=call%2:41:14:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=address | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
5. sense_key=call%2:31:13:: | definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name; The auctioneer called the bids
6. sense_key=call%2:32:13:: | definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
7. sense_key=call%2:32:04:: | definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!; A transmitter in Samoa was heard calling
8. sense_key=call%2:32:12:: | definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
9. sense_key=call%2:41:12:: | definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
10. sense_key=call%2:32:08:: | definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
11. sense_key=call%2:38:00:: | definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance | synonyms=call off
12. sense_key=call%2:32:06:: | definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
13. sense_key=call%2:42:09:: | definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
14. sense_key=call%2:32:07:: | definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
15. sense_key=call%2:32:03:: | definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
16. sense_key=call%2:32:15:: | definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
17. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
18. sense_key=call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
19. sense_key=call%2:41:04:: | definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'; The new dean calls meetings every week
20. sense_key=call%2:40:05:: | definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | synonyms=bid | examples=He called his trump
21. sense_key=call%2:40:09:: | definition=demand payment of (a loan) | synonyms=call in | examples=Call a loan
22. sense_key=call%2:32:05:: | definition=order, request, or command to come | synonyms=send for | examples=She was called into the director's office; Call the police!
23. sense_key=call%2:29:05:: | definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning
24. sense_key=call%2:32:01:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=telephone, call up, phone, ring | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
25. sense_key=call%2:32:09:: | definition=utter a sudden loud cry | synonyms=shout, shout out, cry, yell, scream, holler | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle; I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me
26. sense_key=call%2:32:14:: | definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty; They called him to active military duty
27. sense_key=call%2:31:00:: | definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
28. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 17}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 17}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `call`
    *   Target surface form: `called`
    *   Context: `"Progressive education "(as it was once <t>called</t>) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.`
    *   Meaning: In this context, "called" refers to the name given to "Progressive education". It's about the terminology used to describe a concept.

    *   1: pay a brief visit (No)
    *   2: lure by imitating animal call (No)
    *   3: make a prediction (No)
    *   4: greet with a title/name (No)
    *   5: utter in a loud voice (No)
    *   6: read aloud (roll call) (No)
    *   7: send a message (radio/phone) (No)
    *   8: require presentation for redemption (bond) (No)
    *   9: make a stop in a harbour (No)
    *   10: declare as umpire (No)
    *   11: give calls for square dance (No)
    *   12: indicate a decision (balls/strikes) (No)
    *   13: stop/postpone (game) (No)
    *   14: challenge to make good on statement (No)
    *   15: utter characteristic note (animal) (No)
    *   16: order/request/command (strike) (No)
    *   17: assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to (synonym: name) (Example: "The new school was named after...")
    *   18: consider or regard as being (Example: "I would not call her beautiful")
    *   19: call a meeting (No)
    *   20: make a demand (card game) (No)
    *   21: demand payment of loan (No)
    *   22: order/request to come (No)
    *   23: rouse from sleep (No)
    *   24: telephone (No)
    *   25: utter sudden loud cry (No)
    *   26: order/summon for duty (No)
    *   27: challenge sincerity (No)
    *   28: ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality (Example: "He called me a bastard")

    *   Sense 17: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to". "Progressive education" is a specific name/term assigned to a certain approach to education.
    *   Sense 18: "consider or regard as being". This is more about opinion/judgment.
    *   Sense 28: "ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality". This is usually for labels/insults/descriptions.

    The phrase "as it was once called" refers to the name or term used to designate the concept. Sense 17 ("assign a specified... proper name to") fits best because "Progressive education" is the name given to that specific educational philosophy.

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 17 vs Sense 28.
    Sense 17: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to" (e.g., "They named their son David").
    Sense 28: "ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality" (e.g., "He called me a bastard").

    "Progressive education" is a term/name for a system. Is it a "proper name" (Sense 17) or a "name of a common noun that reflects a quality" (Sense 28)?
    Actually, looking at Sense 17 again: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to".
    Looking at Sense 18: "consider or regard as being".

    Let's re-evaluate. "Progressive education" is the name of the movement.
    If I say "The city was called Byzantium", that's Sense 17.
    If I say "He called the plan a failure", that's Sense 18 or 28.
    If I say "The movement was called Progressive Education", it's assigning a name to it.

    Let's look at Sense 17 examples: "They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader".
    Let's look at Sense 28 examples: "He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful".

    "Progressive education" isn't exactly a proper name like "David", but it is the specific name used to identify the movement.

    Is there another sense?
    Sense 18: "consider or regard as being". "I would not call her beautiful."
    "Progressive education (as it was once called)" -> "as it was once regarded as being"? No, it's about the name.

    Let's compare 17 and 28 again.
    17: assign a specified name.
    28: ascribe a quality or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality.

    "Progressive education" is a name for the system. It's not really ascribing a quality in the way "bastard" or "lazy" does. It's the label/name of the movement.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 17 again. "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to".
    Is "Progressive education" a proper name? In this context, it's treated as the name of the philosophy.

    Let's check if there's any other sense.
    Sense 18: "consider or regard as being".
    If the sentence was "I call this progressive education", it might be 18. But "as it was once called" strongly suggests the name/label.

    Let's re-read Sense 17: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to".
    Let's re-read Sense 28: "ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality".

    Actually, "Progressive education" is a term. In many WordNet-based datasets, "called" in the sense of "named" or "referred to as" maps to the "name" sense.

    Let's look at the examples for 17 again: "They named their son David".
    Let's look at the examples for 28 again: "He called me a bastard".

    "Progressive education" is more like a name (17) than a quality/insult (28).

    Wait, let me think about "called" in "as it was once called".
    "The city once called Constantinople..." -> Sense 17.
    "The movement once called Progressive Education..." -> Sense 17.

    Let's double-check Sense 18: "consider or regard as being".
    "I would not call her beautiful."
    "As it was once called" doesn't mean "as it was once regarded as being". It means "as it was once named".

    Therefore, Sense 17 is the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: far
Target surface form: far
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is <t>far</t> more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=far%4:02:00:: | definition=at or to or from a great distance in space | examples=he traveled far; strayed far from home
2. sense_key=far%4:02:05:: | definition=to an advanced stage or point | examples=a young man who will go very far
3. sense_key=far%4:02:02:: | definition=to a considerable degree; very much | examples=a far far better thing that I do; felt far worse than yesterday
4. sense_key=far%4:02:01:: | definition=remote in time | examples=if we could see far into the future; all that happened far in the past
5. sense_key=far%4:02:04:: | definition=at or to a certain point or degree | examples=I can only go so far before I have to give up; how far can we get with this kind of argument?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "far"
    *   Target surface form: "far"
    *   Context: "...'Progressive education' (as it was once called) is <t>far</t> more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Great distance in space.
        2.  Advanced stage or point.
        3.  Considerable degree; very much.
        4.  Remote in time.
        5.  Certain point or degree.

    *   The sentence is: "'Progressive education' ... is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."
    *   Here, "far" modifies the comparative adjective "more interesting and agreeable".
    *   It is used as an intensifier to indicate a large difference in degree.

    *   Sense 1: Space (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Advanced stage (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Considerable degree; very much (Correct - fits as an intensifier for a comparative)
    *   Sense 4: Time (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Certain point or degree (Incorrect - usually used with "so far" or "how far")

    *   "far more interesting" = "much more interesting" = "to a considerable degree more interesting".
    *   This matches Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far <t>more</t> interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "more"
    *   Target surface form: "more"
    *   Context: "...'Progressive education' (as it was once called) is far <t>more</t> interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `more%4:02:00::`: used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs (synonyms: to a greater extent; examples: more interesting; more beautiful).
        2.  `more%4:02:01::`: comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent (examples: he works more now; they eat more than they should).

    *   The word "more" is used in the phrase "far more interesting and agreeable".
    *   "Interesting" and "agreeable" are adjectives.
    *   "More" is modifying these adjectives to create a comparative form.

    *   Sense 1: "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs". Example: "more interesting". This matches the context perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent". Example: "he works more now". This is used as an adverb or pronoun (quantifier), not as a marker for the comparative of an adjective.

    *   The context "more interesting" is an exact match for the example provided in Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: agreeable
Target surface form: agreeable
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and <t>agreeable</t> to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=agreeable%3:00:00:: | definition=conforming to your own liking or feelings or nature; ; ; - Disraeli | examples=Is the plan agreeable to you?; he's an agreeable fellow
2. sense_key=agreeable%5:00:00:consistent:00 | definition=in keeping | synonyms=accordant, conformable, consonant, concordant | examples=salaries agreeable with current trends; plans conformable with your wishes
3. sense_key=agreeable%5:00:00:accordant:00 | definition=prepared to agree or consent | examples=agreeable to the plan

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `agreeable`
    *   Target surface form: `agreeable`
    *   Context: "...'Progressive education' (as it was once called) is far more interesting and <t>agreeable</t> to teachers than is disciplined instruction."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `agreeable%3:00:00::`: conforming to your own liking or feelings or nature (e.g., "Is the plan agreeable to you?", "he's an agreeable fellow").
        2.  `agreeable%5:00:00:consistent:00`: in keeping (e.g., "salaries agreeable with current trends").
        3.  `agreeable%5:00:00:accordant:00`: prepared to agree or consent (e.g., "agreeable to the plan").

    *   The sentence compares "Progressive education" to "disciplined instruction" from the perspective of teachers.
    *   It says Progressive education is "far more interesting and agreeable to teachers".
    *   The context suggests that teachers *prefer* Progressive education because it's more pleasant, enjoyable, or fits their liking (it's "interesting" and "nice for teachers to think they are engaged in 'personality development'").

    *   Sense 1: "conforming to your own liking or feelings or nature" (pleasant, pleasing). This fits perfectly. "Progressive education is more pleasing/pleasant to teachers."
    *   Sense 2: "in keeping" (consistent). This doesn't fit. Progressive education isn't "consistent" with teachers in this context; it's something they *like*.
    *   Sense 3: "prepared to agree or consent". This doesn't fit. The education system isn't "prepared to agree" to the teachers; rather, the teachers find the system agreeable.

    *   Sense 1 is the only one that describes something being pleasing or agreeable to someone's taste or preference.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teacher
Target surface form: teachers
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to <t>teachers</t> than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor
2. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `teacher`
    *   Target surface form: `teachers`
    *   Context: "...'Progressive education' (as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to <t>teachers</t> than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in 'personality development'..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `teacher%1:18:00::`: a person whose occupation is teaching (synonym: instructor)
        2.  `teacher%1:09:00::`: a personified abstraction that teaches (examples: books, experience)

    *   The context discusses "American education's future", "the education establishment", "Progressive education", and "disciplined instruction".
    *   The sentence says "Progressive education... is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."
    *   It further mentions "It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in 'personality development' and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests..."
    *   The "teachers" here are clearly people employed in the education system (professionals), not abstract concepts like "experience" or "books".

    *   Sense 1: a person whose occupation is teaching. (Fits perfectly)
    *   Sense 2: a personified abstraction. (Does not fit)

    *   The correct sense index is 1.