[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seriously
Target surface form: seriously
Context:
It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are <t>seriously</t> committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seriously%4:02:01:: | definition=to a severe or serious degree | synonyms=badly, severely, gravely | examples=fingers so badly frozen they had to be amputated; badly injured
2. sense_key=seriously%4:02:00:: | definition=in a serious manner | synonyms=earnestly, in earnest | examples=talking earnestly with his son; she started studying snakes in earnest

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "seriously"
    *   Target surface form: "seriously"
    *   Context: "...I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are <t>seriously</t> committed to conscientious teaching."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `seriously%4:02:01::`: to a severe or serious degree (synonyms: badly, severely, gravely; examples: badly injured).
        2.  `seriously%4:02:00::`: in a serious manner (synonyms: earnestly, in earnest; examples: talking earnestly).

    *   The phrase is "seriously committed to conscientious teaching."
    *   Does "seriously" here mean "badly/severely" (Sense 1)? No. "Badly committed" or "severely committed" doesn't fit the positive connotation of "conscientious teaching."
    *   Does "seriously" here mean "earnestly/in earnest" (Sense 2)? Yes. "Earnestly committed" or "deeply/sincerely committed" fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: Severe/bad (e.g., seriously injured).
    *   Sense 2: Earnest/sincere (e.g., seriously studying).
    *   Context: "seriously committed" $\rightarrow$ earnest/sincere.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct fit.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: committed
Target surface form: committed
Context:
It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously <t>committed</t> to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=committed%3:00:04:: | definition=associated in an exclusive sexual relationship | synonyms=attached
2. sense_key=committed%3:00:00:: | definition=bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude | examples=committed church members; a committed Marxist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "committed"
    *   Target surface form: "committed"
    *   Context: "...I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously <t>committed</t> to conscientious teaching."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `committed%3:00:04::` - associated in an exclusive sexual relationship (synonym: attached).
        2.  `committed%3:00:00::` - bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude (examples: committed church members; a committed Marxist).

    *   The sentence says teachers are "seriously committed to conscientious teaching."
    *   "Conscientious teaching" is a cause, action, or attitude.
    *   Sense 1 (sexual relationship) is completely irrelevant.
    *   Sense 2 (bound/obligated to a cause/action/attitude) fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: No.
    *   Sense 2: Yes.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teaching
Target surface form: teaching
Context:
It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious <t>teaching</t>. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teaching%1:04:00:: | definition=the profession of a teacher | synonyms=instruction, pedagogy | examples=he prepared for teaching while still in college; pedagogy is recognized as an important profession
2. sense_key=teaching%1:09:00:: | definition=a doctrine that is taught | synonyms=precept, commandment | examples=the teachings of religion; he believed all the Christian precepts
3. sense_key=teaching%1:04:01:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=education, instruction, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `teaching`
    *   Target surface form: `teaching`
    *   Context: "...I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious <t>teaching</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `teaching%1:04:00::`: the profession of a teacher (synonyms: instruction, pedagogy).
        2.  `teaching%1:09:00::`: a doctrine that is taught (synonyms: precept, commandment).
        3.  `teaching%1:04:01::`: the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill (synonyms: education, instruction, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity).

    *   The sentence is: "I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching."
    *   The word "teaching" here refers to the act or practice of instructing students.
    *   "Conscientious teaching" describes *how* they perform the activity of educating.

    *   Sense 1: "the profession of a teacher". While teaching is a profession, "committed to conscientious teaching" usually refers to the act of teaching rather than the status of being in the profession.
    *   Sense 2: "a doctrine that is taught". This doesn't fit at all.
    *   Sense 3: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill". This fits perfectly. "Conscientious teaching" refers to the activity of instructing students in a conscientious manner.

    *   Sense 1 (Profession) vs. Sense 3 (Activity).
    *   If someone is "committed to conscientious teaching," they are committed to the *act* of teaching well.
    *   Example for Sense 1: "he prepared for teaching while still in college" (referring to the career).
    *   Example for Sense 3: "our instruction was carefully programmed" (referring to the activity).
    *   In the context "committed to conscientious teaching," the focus is on the quality of the activity performed by the teachers.

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: best
Target surface form: best
Context:
It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "<t>best</t> and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=full%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | synonyms=full, good | examples=gives full measure; gives good measure
2. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=in excellent physical condition | synonyms=good, sound | examples=good teeth; I still have one good leg
3. sense_key=good%5:00:00:discriminating:00 | definition=generally admired | synonyms=good | examples=good taste
4. sense_key=estimable%5:00:00:reputable:00 | definition=deserving of esteem and respect | synonyms=estimable, good, honorable, respectable | examples=all respectable companies give guarantees; ruined the family's good name
5. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthful:00 | definition=tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health | synonyms=good, salutary | examples=beneficial effects of a balanced diet; a good night's sleep
6. sense_key=best%5:00:00:advisable:00 | definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=better | examples=it would be better to speak to him; the White House thought it best not to respond
7. sense_key=good%5:00:00:nice:00 | definition=agreeable or pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=we all had a good time; good manners
8. sense_key=good%3:00:02:: | definition=morally admirable | synonyms=good
9. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=resulting favorably | synonyms=good, well | examples=it's a good thing that I wasn't there; it is good that you stayed
10. sense_key=good%5:00:00:opportune:00 | definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | synonyms=good, right, ripe | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes; the right time to act
11. sense_key=beneficial%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=promoting or enhancing well-being | synonyms=beneficial, good | examples=an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries; the beneficial effects of a temperate climate
12. sense_key=good%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=capable of pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=good looks
13. sense_key=adept%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful | examples=adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler
14. sense_key=good%5:00:00:intellectual:00 | definition=appealing to the mind | synonyms=good, serious | examples=good music; a serious book
15. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=effective, good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
16. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fresh:01 | definition=not left to spoil | synonyms=good, undecomposed, unspoiled, unspoilt | examples=the meat is still good
17. sense_key=good%5:00:00:righteous:00 | definition=of moral excellence | synonyms=good, just, upright | examples=a genuinely good person; a just cause
18. sense_key=best%3:00:00:: | definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year; the best solution
19. sense_key=good%3:00:01:: | definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | synonyms=good | examples=good news from the hospital; a good report card
20. sense_key=good%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=thorough | synonyms=good | examples=had a good workout; gave the house a good cleaning
21. sense_key=dependable%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially sound | synonyms=dependable, good, safe, secure | examples=a good investment; a secure investment
22. sense_key=good%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=not forged | synonyms=good, honest | examples=a good dollar bill
23. sense_key=dear%5:00:00:close:02 | definition=with or in a close or intimate relationship | synonyms=dear, good, near | examples=a good friend; my sisters and brothers are near and dear

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 18}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 18}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "best"
    *   Target surface form: "best"
    *   Context: "They may not be among the 'best and brightest' of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition."
    *   Phrase: "best and brightest"

    *   The phrase "best and brightest" is a common idiom referring to the most intelligent, talented, or capable people of a group.
    *   In this context, "best" refers to those with the most positive qualities (specifically intellectual or professional capability, given the pairing with "brightest").

    *   1: ample (amount) - No.
    *   2: healthy (physical condition) - No.
    *   3: discriminating (admired taste) - No.
    *   4: reputable (deserving respect) - No.
    *   5: healthful (promoting well-being) - No.
    *   6: advisable (comparative/superlative of 'well') - No.
    *   7: nice (agreeable) - No.
    *   8: morally admirable - No.
    *   9: fortunate (resulting favorably) - No.
    *   10: opportune (suitable for purpose) - No.
    *   11: beneficial (enhancing well-being) - No.
    *   12: pleasing (capable of pleasing) - No.
    *   13: adept (skilled/knowledgeable) - This is close, but "best" is the superlative of "good".
    *   14: intellectual (appealing to the mind) - No.
    *   15: effective (exerting force) - No.
    *   16: fresh (not spoiled) - No.
    *   17: righteous (moral excellence) - No.
    *   18: (superlative of `good`) having the most positive qualities - This fits perfectly. "Best and brightest" refers to those with the most positive qualities (intelligence, skill, etc.).
    *   19: having desirable or positive qualities - This is the base form "good".
    *   20: complete (thorough) - No.
    *   21: dependable (financially sound) - No.
    *   22: genuine (not forged) - No.
    *   23: close (intimate relationship) - No.

    *   Sense 18 is the superlative of "good" and means "having the most positive qualities".
    *   In "best and brightest", "best" is used as a superlative to describe the top tier of a generation.

    *   Sense 18: `best%3:00:00::` | definition=(superlative of `good`) having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year; the best solution.
    *   This is the most general and accurate sense for the superlative "best" in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bright
Target surface form: brightest
Context:
It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and <t>brightest</t> "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:glorious:00 | definition=splendid | examples=the bright stars of stage and screen; a bright moment in history
2. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:reverberant:00 | definition=clear and sharp and ringing | synonyms=brilliant | examples=the bright sound of the trumpet section; the brilliant sound of the trumpets
3. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:intelligent:00 | definition=characterized by quickness and ease in learning | synonyms=smart | examples=some children are brighter in one subject than another; smart children talk earlier than the average
4. sense_key=bright%3:00:00:: | definition=emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts | examples=the sun was bright and hot; a bright sunlit room
5. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:auspicious:00 | definition=full or promise | synonyms=hopeful, promising | examples=had a bright future in publishing; the scandal threatened an abrupt end to a promising political career
6. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:light:06 | definition=having lots of light either natural or artificial | examples=the room was bright and airy; a stage bright with spotlights
7. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:polished:00 | definition=made smooth and bright by or as if by rubbing; reflecting a sheen or glow | synonyms=burnished, lustrous, shining, shiny | examples=bright silver candlesticks; a burnished brass knocker
8. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:happy:00 | definition=characterized by happiness or gladness | examples=bright faces; all the world seems bright and gay
9. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:colorful:00 | definition=having striking color | synonyms=brilliant, vivid | examples=bright dress; brilliant tapestries
10. sense_key=bright%3:00:02:: | definition=not made dim or less bright | synonyms=undimmed | examples=undimmed headlights; surprisingly the curtain started to rise while the houselights were still undimmed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bright`
    *   Target surface form: `brightest`
    *   Context: "They may not be among the 'best and brightest' of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition."
    *   Target phrase: "best and brightest"

    *   Sense 1: glorious (splendid) - e.g., bright stars of stage and screen.
    *   Sense 2: reverberant (clear and sharp and ringing) - e.g., bright sound of the trumpet.
    *   Sense 3: intelligent (characterized by quickness and ease in learning) - synonyms: smart.
    *   Sense 4: emitting or reflecting light readily.
    *   Sense 5: auspicious (full of promise) - synonyms: hopeful, promising.
    *   Sense 6: light (having lots of light).
    *   Sense 7: polished (made smooth and bright).
    *   Sense 8: happy (characterized by happiness or gladness).
    *   Sense 9: colorful (having striking color).
    *   Sense 10: not made dim.

    *   The phrase "best and brightest" is a common idiom referring to the most talented, intelligent, or capable people of a group.
    *   In the context of teachers and their generation, "brightest" refers to their intellectual capacity or academic ability.
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 3: "characterized by quickness and ease in learning" (intelligent/smart).

    *   Sense 1 (glorious) is close but usually refers to fame or splendor.
    *   Sense 5 (auspicious) refers to the future.
    *   Sense 3 (intelligent) is the standard meaning for "bright" when describing people's mental capabilities.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generation
Target surface form: generation
Context:
It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their <t>generation</t> -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generation%1:04:01:: | definition=the production of heat or electricity | examples=dams were built for the generation of electricity
2. sense_key=generation%1:28:00:: | definition=the normal time between successive generations | examples=they had to wait a generation for that prejudice to fade
3. sense_key=generation%1:11:00:: | definition=a coming into being | synonyms=genesis
4. sense_key=generation%1:14:00:: | definition=group of genetically related organisms constituting a single step in the line of descent
5. sense_key=generation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of producing offspring or multiplying by such production | synonyms=multiplication, propagation
6. sense_key=generation%1:28:01:: | definition=a stage of technological development or innovation | examples=the third generation of computers
7. sense_key=generation%1:14:01:: | definition=all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age | synonyms=coevals, contemporaries

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "generation"
    *   Context: "They may not be among the 'best and brightest' of their <t>generation</t> -- there are very few such people, by definition."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "generation" refers to the group of people born and living at the same time as the teachers being discussed.

    *   1: production of heat or electricity (Incorrect)
    *   2: normal time between successive generations (Incorrect)
    *   3: a coming into being (Incorrect)
    *   4: group of genetically related organisms (Incorrect - this is about family lineage)
    *   5: act of producing offspring (Incorrect)
    *   6: stage of technological development (Incorrect)
    *   7: all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age (Correct - synonyms: coevals, contemporaries)

    *   The phrase "best and brightest of their generation" is a common idiom referring to the most talented people of a specific age group/cohort.
    *   Sense 7 matches this perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: very
Target surface form: very
Context:
It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are <t>very</t> few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=very%4:02:00:: | definition=used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal | synonyms=really, real, rattling | examples=she was very gifted; he played very well
2. sense_key=very%4:02:01:: | definition=precisely so | examples=on the very next page; he expected the very opposite

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "very"
    *   Target surface form: "very"
    *   Context: "...there are <t>very</t> few such people, by definition."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `very%4:02:00::` (intensifier): "used as intensifiers", synonyms: "really", "real", "rattling". Example: "she was very gifted".
        2.  `very%4:02:01::` (precisely so): "precisely so". Example: "on the very next page".

    *   The sentence is: "there are very few such people, by definition."
    *   In this context, "very" modifies "few".
    *   "Very few" means "extremely few" or "really few".
    *   This is an intensifier usage.

    *   Sense 1: Intensifier (e.g., "very gifted", "very well"). This matches "very few".
    *   Sense 2: Precisely so (e.g., "the very next page"). This does not match "very few".

    *   The correct sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such <t>people</t>, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
3. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people
4. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "people"
    *   Target surface form: "people"
    *   Context: "They may not be among the 'best and brightest' of their generation -- there are very few such <t>people</t>, by definition."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively.
        2.  members of a family line.
        3.  the common people generally (multitude, masses).
        4.  the body of citizens of a state or country (citizenry).

    *   The sentence is: "They [teachers] may not be among the 'best and brightest' of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition."
    *   "Such people" refers back to the "best and brightest of their generation."
    *   The "best and brightest" are individuals within a group of human beings.
    *   The speaker is talking about individuals who possess certain qualities (intelligence, talent).

    *   Sense 1: "any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively." This is the general plural of "person."
    *   Sense 2: "members of a family line." (Not applicable here).
    *   Sense 3: "the common people generally" (masses). (Not applicable; "best and brightest" is the opposite of "the masses" in this context).
    *   Sense 4: "the body of citizens of a state or country." (Not applicable; it's not about citizenship).

    *   The phrase "such people" refers to individuals who are the "best and brightest." This is the most general use of "people" as the plural of "person."
    *   Sense 1 is the general plural for human beings.

    *   Sense 1: General human beings.
    *   Sense 2: Family.
    *   Sense 3: Masses.
    *   Sense 4: Citizenry.
    *   The context "very few such people" clearly refers to individuals of a certain type (the best and brightest). This fits Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: job
Target surface form: jobs
Context:
I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their <t>jobs</t> well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=job%1:04:01:: | definition=a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee | synonyms=task, chore | examples=estimates of the city's loss on that job ranged as high as a million dollars; the job of repairing the engine took several hours
2. sense_key=job%1:10:01:: | definition=(computer science) a program application that may consist of several steps but is a single logical unit
3. sense_key=job%1:04:04:: | definition=the responsibility to do something | examples=it is their job to print the truth
4. sense_key=job%1:18:00:: | definition=a Jewish hero in the Old Testament who maintained his faith in God in spite of afflictions that tested him
5. sense_key=job%1:04:02:: | definition=a crime (especially a robbery) | synonyms=caper | examples=the gang pulled off a bank job in St. Louis
6. sense_key=job%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=problem | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
7. sense_key=job%1:04:05:: | definition=the performance of a piece of work | examples=she did an outstanding job as Ophelia; he gave it up as a bad job
8. sense_key=job%1:18:01:: | definition=any long-suffering person who withstands affliction without despairing
9. sense_key=job%1:06:00:: | definition=a workplace; as in the expression | examples=on the job
10. sense_key=job%1:04:03:: | definition=a damaging piece of work | examples=dry rot did the job of destroying the barn; the barber did a real job on my hair
11. sense_key=job%1:06:01:: | definition=an object worked on; a result produced by working | examples=he held the job in his left hand and worked on it with his right
12. sense_key=job%1:04:00:: | definition=the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money | synonyms=occupation, business, line of work, line | examples=he's not in my line of business
13. sense_key=job%1:10:00:: | definition=a book in the Old Testament containing Job's pleas to God about his afflictions and God's reply | synonyms=Book of Job

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 12}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 12}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `job`
    *   Target surface form: `jobs`
    *   Context: "I know many schoolteachers... But they need not be to do their <t>jobs</t> well."
    *   The context discusses schoolteachers and their ability to perform their professional duties.

    *   1: `job%1:04:01` - a specific piece of work (task, chore).
    *   2: `job%1:10:01` - computer science program.
    *   3: `job%1:04:04` - the responsibility to do something.
    *   4: `job%1:18:00` - Jewish hero (Job).
    *   5: `job%1:04:02` - a crime (robbery).
    *   6: `job%1:26:00` - a state of difficulty (problem).
    *   7: `job%1:04:05` - the performance of a piece of work.
    *   8: `job%1:18:01` - long-suffering person.
    *   9: `job%1:06:00` - a workplace.
    *   10: `job%1:04:03` - a damaging piece of work.
    *   11: `job%1:06:01` - an object worked on.
    *   12: `job%1:04:00` - the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money (occupation, business).
    *   13: `job%1:10:00` - Book of Job.

    *   The sentence "But they need not be to do their jobs well" refers to schoolteachers doing their professional work.
    *   Sense 12 (`job%1:04:00`) refers to the occupation or line of work.
    *   Sense 1 (`job%1:04:01`) refers to a specific task.
    *   Sense 3 (`job%1:04:04`) refers to the responsibility.
    *   Sense 7 (`job%1:04:05`) refers to the performance of the work.

    *   "Do their jobs well" usually refers to performing their professional occupation/role effectively.
    *   While "do a job" can mean perform a task (Sense 1) or perform a role (Sense 12), in the context of "schoolteachers" and their general professional capacity, Sense 12 (occupation/line of work) is the most fitting.
    *   Wait, let's look closer at Sense 12 vs Sense 1.
        *   Sense 12: "the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money" (occupation).
        *   Sense 1: "a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee" (task).
    *   In "do their jobs well," "jobs" refers to their profession as teachers.
    *   Let's check Sense 7: "the performance of a piece of work." "Do their jobs well" could be interpreted as performing the work well. However, "their jobs" usually refers to the positions they hold.

    *   "They [schoolteachers] need not be [the best and brightest] to do their jobs well."
    *   This refers to the overall role/occupation of teaching.
    *   Sense 12: "the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money" (occupation, business, line of work). This fits best.

    *   Sense 1: "estimates of the city's loss on that job" (specific project).
    *   Sense 12: "he's not in my line of business" (occupation).
    *   "Do their jobs well" is a common idiom meaning to perform one's professional duties effectively. This aligns with the "occupation" sense.

    *   Sense 3: "the responsibility to do something" (e.g., "it is their job to print the truth"). This is close, but "do their jobs well" usually refers to the occupation itself.

    *   Sense 12 is the most comprehensive fit for "schoolteachers... do their jobs well."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well
Target surface form: well
Context:
I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs <t>well</t>. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: | definition=with prudence or propriety | examples=You would do well to say nothing more; could not well refuse
2. sense_key=well%4:02:10:: | definition=in a manner affording benefit or advantage | synonyms=advantageously | examples=she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle
3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: | definition=indicating high probability; in all likelihood | synonyms=easily | examples=I might well do it; a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster
4. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: | definition=to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree | examples=the project was well underway; the fetus has well developed organs
5. sense_key=well%4:02:09:: | definition=in financial comfort | synonyms=comfortably | examples=They live well; she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died
6. sense_key=well%4:02:01:: | definition=without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor | examples=took the joke well; took the tragic news well
7. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: | definition=(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully | examples=a book well worth reading; was well aware of the difficulties ahead
8. sense_key=well%4:02:12:: | definition=with skill or in a pleasing manner | examples=she dances well; he writes well
9. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: | definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form; ; ; ; ; , | examples=The problem is well understood; she was well informed
10. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: | definition=with great or especially intimate knowledge | synonyms=intimately | examples=we knew them well
11. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: | definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book
12. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done
13. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: | definition=to a great extent or degree | synonyms=considerably, substantially | examples=I'm afraid the film was well over budget; painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 12}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "well"
    *   Target surface form: "well"
    *   Context: "But they need not be to do their jobs <t>well</t>."
    *   Meaning: The sentence is discussing schoolteachers and whether they need to be the "best and brightest" to perform their professional duties effectively or satisfactorily.

    *   1: with prudence or propriety (e.g., "do well to say nothing") - No.
    *   2: in a manner affording benefit or advantage (e.g., "married well") - No.
    *   3: indicating high probability (e.g., "might well do it") - No.
    *   4: to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree (e.g., "well underway") - No.
    *   5: in financial comfort (e.g., "live well") - No.
    *   6: without unusual distress or resentment (e.g., "took the joke well") - No.
    *   7: (intensifier) entirely or fully (e.g., "well worth reading") - No.
    *   8: with skill or in a pleasing manner (e.g., "dances well", "writes well") - This is close.
    *   9: thoroughly or completely (e.g., "well understood") - No.
    *   10: with great or especially intimate knowledge (e.g., "knew them well") - No.
    *   11: favorably; with approval (e.g., "spoke well of them") - No.
    *   12: in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (e.g., "behaved well", "task well done") - This is also very close.
    *   13: to a great extent or degree (e.g., "well over budget") - No.

    *   Sense 8: "with skill or in a pleasing manner" (examples: dances well, writes well).
    *   Sense 12: "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard" (examples: behaved well, task well done).

    *   The context is "do their jobs well".
    *   Doing a job "well" usually means performing it satisfactorily, properly, or to a high standard.
    *   While "skill" (Sense 8) is involved in doing a job well, Sense 12 ("in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard") is a more general and precise fit for "doing a job well".
    *   Comparing "writes well" (Sense 8) vs "task well done" (Sense 12). "Doing a job well" is almost synonymous with "a task well done".

    *   Sense 12: "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard". This fits perfectly with "do their jobs well".

    *   Sense 8 is more about artistic or technical skill (dancing, writing).
    *   Sense 12 is about general performance/standard (behavior, tasks).
    *   "Doing a job" is a task/performance.

    *   Sense 12 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remember
Target surface form: remember
Context:
They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can <t>remember</t> one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remember%2:31:08:: | definition=exercise, or have the power of, memory | examples=After the shelling, many people lost the ability to remember; some remember better than others
2. sense_key=remember%2:31:02:: | definition=recapture the past; indulge in memories | synonyms=think back | examples=he remembered how he used to pick flowers
3. sense_key=remember%2:31:01:: | definition=keep in mind for attention or consideration | synonyms=think of | examples=Remember the Alamo; Remember to call your mother every day!
4. sense_key=remember%2:31:00:: | definition=recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection | synonyms=retrieve, recall, call back, call up, recollect, think | examples=I can't remember saying any such thing; I can't think what her last name was
5. sense_key=remember%2:32:07:: | definition=mention favorably, as in prayer | examples=remember me in your prayers
6. sense_key=remember%2:32:00:: | definition=mention as by way of greeting or to indicate friendship | synonyms=commend | examples=Remember me to your wife
7. sense_key=remember%2:40:00:: | definition=show appreciation to | examples=He remembered her in his will
8. sense_key=remember%2:31:09:: | definition=call to remembrance; keep alive the memory of someone or something, as in a ceremony | synonyms=commemorate | examples=We remembered the 50th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz; Remember the dead of the First World War

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `remember`
    *   Target surface form: `remember`
    *   Context: "Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days."
    *   Meaning: The speaker is talking about the ability to recall specific people (inspiring teachers) from the past.

    *   Sense 1: `exercise, or have the power of, memory` (General ability to remember).
    *   Sense 2: `recapture the past; indulge in memories` (Nostalgia, thinking back).
    *   Sense 3: `keep in mind for attention or consideration` (Remembering a task or a slogan).
    *   Sense 4: `recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection` (Retrieving a specific piece of information or a person from memory).
    *   Sense 5: `mention favorably, as in prayer`.
    *   Sense 6: `mention as by way of greeting`.
    *   Sense 7: `show appreciation to` (e.g., in a will).
    *   Sense 8: `call to remembrance; keep alive the memory of someone or something, as in a ceremony` (Commemorate).

    *   The sentence "we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers" means "we can recall/recollect specific teachers."
    *   Sense 4 (`recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection`) fits best because it describes the act of retrieving a specific memory of someone.
    *   Sense 2 (`recapture the past; indulge in memories`) is close, but "remember one or two teachers" is more about the act of recollection (Sense 4) than the act of indulging in the memory of the past in general.
    *   Sense 1 is the general capacity, but here it's used for a specific recollection.

    *   Sense 4: "recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection" / synonyms: "retrieve, recall, call back, call up, recollect, think".
    *   Example: "I can't remember saying any such thing".
    *   Applying to context: "we all can recall one or two truly inspiring teachers". This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: truly
Target surface form: truly
Context:
They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two <t>truly</t> inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=truly%4:02:03:: | definition=with sincerity; without pretense | synonyms=sincerely, unfeignedly | examples=she praised him sincerely for his victory; was unfeignedly glad to see his old teacher
2. sense_key=truly%4:02:01:: | definition=by right | synonyms=rightfully | examples=baseball rightfully is the nation's pastime
3. sense_key=truly%4:02:00:: | definition=in accordance with truth or fact or reality | synonyms=genuinely, really | examples=she was now truly American; a genuinely open society
4. sense_key=truly%4:02:04:: | definition=in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers) | synonyms=in truth, really | examples=in truth, moral decay hastened the decline of the Roman Empire; really, you shouldn't have done it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "truly"
    *   Context: "Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days."
    *   Candidate Senses:
        1.  `truly%4:02:03::`: with sincerity; without pretense (sincerely, unfeignedly).
        2.  `truly%4:02:01::`: by right (rightfully).
        3.  `truly%4:02:00::`: in accordance with truth or fact or reality (genuinely, really).
        4.  `truly%4:02:04::`: in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers) (in truth, really).

    *   The sentence is: "Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days."
    *   Here, "truly" modifies the adjective "inspiring".
    *   It means "genuinely inspiring" or "really inspiring".

    *   Sense 1 (sincerity): This usually refers to the *speaker's* feeling or the *manner* of an action (e.g., "I truly believe"). While "inspiring" is a quality, "truly" here isn't about the sincerity of the teacher's inspiration, but the fact that they *were* inspiring.
    *   Sense 2 (by right): Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 3 (in accordance with truth/fact/reality): "genuinely", "really". "Genuinely inspiring teachers" fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 4 (in fact/intensifier/sentence modifier): This sense is often used as a sentence modifier (e.g., "Truly, it was a great day") or to mean "in truth". While "truly" can be an intensifier, Sense 3 specifically covers "genuinely" and "really" in the context of a quality (like "truly American" or "genuinely open").

    *   Sense 3: "in accordance with truth or fact or reality" (synonyms: genuinely, really). Example: "she was now truly American".
    *   Sense 4: "in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers)" (synonyms: in truth, really). Example: "really, you shouldn't have done it".
    *   In "truly inspiring teachers", "truly" is an adverb of degree/manner modifying "inspiring". It means they were *actually* or *genuinely* inspiring. This aligns best with Sense 3.

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit for "genuinely inspiring".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teacher
Target surface form: teachers
Context:
They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring <t>teachers</t> from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher
2. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `teacher`
    *   Target surface form: `teachers`
    *   Context: "They could all fairly be described as 'pap' courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching... Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `teacher%1:09:00::`: a personified abstraction that teaches (e.g., books, experience).
        2.  `teacher%1:18:00::`: a person whose occupation is teaching (synonym: instructor).

    *   The context mentions "educational establishment", "schoolteachers", "conscientious teaching", and "teachers from our school days".
    *   These all refer to human beings employed in the profession of teaching.

    *   Sense 1 is for abstractions (books, experience).
    *   Sense 2 is for people whose occupation is teaching.

    *   The context clearly refers to people (schoolteachers), not abstractions.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our <t>education</t> proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department
2. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
3. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
6. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `education`
    *   Target surface form: `education`
    *   Context: "But our <t>education</t> proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses teachers, the educational establishment, conscientious teaching, and the process of being taught in school.

    *   Sense 1: US federal department (Department of Education). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: The gradual process of acquiring knowledge. (Possible)
    *   Sense 3: The activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill. Synonyms: instruction, teaching, pedagogy. (Strong candidate)
    *   Sense 4: The profession of teaching. (Incorrect - the context is about the *experience* of being educated, not the profession itself).
    *   Sense 5: Knowledge acquired by learning and instruction. (Possible, but "proceeded at the hands of" suggests the *process* or *activity* rather than the *result*).
    *   Sense 6: Result of good upbringing/social behavior. (Incorrect)

    *   "But our education proceeded at the hands of those others..."
    *   The phrase "proceeded at the hands of" implies a process or a series of activities being carried out by teachers.
    *   Sense 2 (gradual process of acquiring knowledge) vs. Sense 3 (activities of educating or instructing).
    *   Sense 3's synonyms include "instruction" and "teaching". If we substitute "instruction" into the sentence: "But our instruction proceeded at the hands of those others..." it fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 is more about the internal process of the learner. Sense 3 is more about the external activity of the educator. Since the sentence emphasizes the *teachers* ("at the hands of those others"), Sense 3 (the activities of educating/instructing) is the most precise fit.

    *   Sense 3: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill".
    *   Context: "...our education proceeded at the hands of those others [teachers]..."
    *   This aligns perfectly with the "activities that impart knowledge" performed by teachers.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: proceed
Target surface form: proceeded
Context:
But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education <t>proceeded</t> at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proceed%2:32:00:: | definition=continue talking;  he continued, | synonyms=continue, go on, carry on | examples=I know it's hard,; but there is no choice
2. sense_key=proceed%2:42:00:: | definition=continue a certain state, condition, or activity | synonyms=continue, go on, go along, keep | examples=Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night
3. sense_key=proceed%2:38:00:: | definition=move ahead; travel onward in time or space | synonyms=go forward, continue | examples=We proceeded towards Washington; She continued in the direction of the hills
4. sense_key=proceed%2:41:00:: | definition=follow a procedure or take a course | synonyms=go, move | examples=We should go farther in this matter; She went through a lot of trouble
5. sense_key=proceed%2:30:00:: | definition=follow a certain course | synonyms=go | examples=The inauguration went well; how did your interview go?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: length

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `proceed`
    *   Target surface form: `proceeded`
    *   Context: "But our education <t>proceeded</t> at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious."
    *   Meaning: The process of education happened or continued under the guidance of certain teachers.

    *   Sense 1: `continue talking` (Not applicable)
    *   Sense 2: `continue a certain state, condition, or activity` (Possible, but usually implies maintaining a state)
    *   Sense 3: `move ahead; travel onward in time or space` (Usually physical movement or chronological progression)
    *   Sense 4: `follow a procedure or take a course` (Possible, as education is a course/procedure)
    *   Sense 5: `follow a certain course` (Synonym: `go`. Example: "The inauguration went well"). This sense often refers to how an event unfolds or progresses.

    *   "Our education proceeded at the hands of those others..."
    *   Here, "proceeded" means "took place," "unfolded," or "progressed."
    *   Comparing Sense 4 and Sense 5:
        *   Sense 4: "follow a procedure or take a course" (e.g., "We should go farther in this matter").
        *   Sense 5: "follow a certain course" (e.g., "The inauguration went well").
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 5: "go". "Our education went at the hands of..." (Doesn't sound quite right).
    *   Let's look at Sense 4: "follow a procedure or take a course". "Our education followed a course at the hands of..." (Closer).
    *   Let's look at Sense 3: "move ahead; travel onward in time or space". "Our education moved ahead..." (Possible).
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 5: "follow a certain course" (as in "how did it go?"). "Our education proceeded [unfolded/progressed] at the hands of..."

    *   Sense 1: Talking (No)
    *   Sense 2: Continue state/activity (No)
    *   Sense 3: Physical/Temporal movement (No)
    *   Sense 4: Follow a procedure/course (Maybe)
    *   Sense 5: Follow a certain course/unfold (Maybe)

    Wait, let's look at the examples for Sense 5: "The inauguration went well; how did your interview go?". This is about the *manner* in which something happened.
    Example for Sense 4: "We should go farther in this matter; She went through a lot of trouble". This is about taking a specific action or path.

    Looking at the sentence: "But our education proceeded at the hands of those others..."
    This means the process of education *took place* or *progressed*.

    Let's check if there's a better fit.
    Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    Sense 3: "move ahead; travel onward in time or space".

    Actually, looking at the WordNet structure for "proceed":
    - proceed (v):
        - continue (talking)
        - continue (state/activity)
        - move forward (space/time)
        - follow a course/procedure

    In "our education proceeded at the hands of...", it means the process of education *carried on* or *unfolded*.

    Let's compare Sense 4 and 5 again.
    Sense 4: "follow a procedure or take a course"
    Sense 5: "follow a certain course" (synonym: go)

    Actually, "proceeded" in this context is very similar to "progressed".
    If I say "The work proceeded slowly," it's Sense 2 or 5.
    If I say "The education proceeded at the hands of...", it's describing the process of the education happening.

    Let's look at Sense 5 again: "follow a certain course" (synonym: go). "The inauguration went well."
    Let's look at Sense 4: "follow a procedure or take a course".

    Wait, let's look at Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    "Our education continued at the hands of those others..."

    Let's re-read the context: "Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers... But our education proceeded at the hands of those others..."
    The contrast is between the "inspiring" ones and the "competent" ones. The education *happened* or *was carried out* by the competent ones.

    Sense 5 ("follow a certain course") often maps to "go" in the sense of "how did it go?".
    Sense 4 ("follow a procedure or take a course") often maps to "go" in the sense of "go through a lot of trouble".

    Let's look at Sense 2 again: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    If the education "proceeded", it means it continued to happen.

    Let's try to find a better match.
    "Proceed" can mean "to happen; take place".
    Sense 5: "follow a certain course" (synonym: go). "The inauguration went well." This is very close to "happened/took place".

    Let's check Sense 4 again: "follow a procedure or take a course". "We should go farther in this matter."

    Comparing "Our education proceeded at the hands of..." with "The inauguration went well."
    The education *unfolded* or *took place* in a certain way (at the hands of those others).

    Let's double-check Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    "Our education continued at the hands of those others." (This also fits).

    However, "proceeded" here doesn't necessarily mean it *continued* (as in, it was already happening and then kept happening), but rather that it *took place* or *progressed* over time.

    Sense 5: "follow a certain course" (synonym: go).
    Sense 4: "follow a procedure or take a course".

    Actually, looking at the options again, Sense 5's example "The inauguration went well" is about the *process* of the event. "Our education proceeded at the hands of..." is about the *process* of the education.

    Let's look at Sense 2 again: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    If I say "The meeting proceeded," it means it continued.

    Let's look at Sense 3: "move ahead; travel onward in time or space".
    "Our education proceeded [moved forward in time] at the hands of..."

    Wait, let's look at the synonyms for Sense 5: "go".
    "Our education went at the hands of..." (No).
    Wait, "The inauguration went well" -> "The inauguration proceeded well".
    "Our education proceeded at the hands of..." -> "Our education went on at the hands of..."

    Let's look at Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity". Synonyms: "continue, go on, go along, keep".
    "Our education went on at the hands of those others." (This fits well).

    Let's look at Sense 4: "follow a procedure or take a course". Synonyms: "go, move".
    "Our education followed a course at the hands of those others." (This also fits).

    Let's re-examine the context. The author is talking about the *people* who provided the education. "Our education proceeded at the hands of those others". This means the process of being educated was carried out by them.

    If we use "proceeded" to mean "was carried out", which sense is that?
    Sense 4: "follow a procedure or take a course".
    Sense 5: "follow a certain course".

    Let's look at Sense 5 again. "The inauguration went well." This is about the *manner* of the proceeding.
    "Our education proceeded at the hands of those others." This is about *who* the proceeding was conducted by.

    Let's look at Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    "Our education continued at the hands of those others."

    Let's look at Sense 3: "move ahead; travel onward in time or space".
    "Our education moved ahead at the hands of those others."

    Actually, "proceed" in the sense of "to happen or take place" is often Sense 5 in some WordNet versions. Let's look at the provided senses again.
    Sense 5: "follow a certain course" (synonym: go). Example: "The inauguration went well".
    Sense 4: "follow a procedure or take a course" (synonym: go, move). Example: "We should go farther in this matter".

    Wait, "proceed" can mean "to be carried on".
    If I say "The trial proceeded," it means it continued or took place.

    Let's look at Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    "Our education continued at the hands of those others."

    Let's look at Sense 5 again: "follow a certain course".
    "Our education followed a certain course at the hands of those others."

    Let's think about the phrase "at the hands of". This usually indicates the agent of an action.
    "Our education [was carried out/progressed] at the hands of those others."

    If "proceeded" means "progressed" or "unfolded", Sense 5 ("follow a certain course") or Sense 2 ("continue a certain activity") are the strongest candidates.

    Let's compare:
    Sense 2: continue a certain state, condition, or activity.
    Sense 5: follow a certain course.

    "The inauguration went well" (Sense 5) is about the *way* it proceeded.
    "Our education proceeded at the hands of those others" is about *how/by whom* it proceeded.

    Let's look at Sense 4: "follow a procedure or take a course".
    "Our education followed a procedure at the hands of those others."

    Actually, looking at the synonyms for Sense 2: "continue, go on, go along, keep".
    "Our education went on at the hands of those others."

    Let's look at Sense 5 again: "follow a certain course".
    "Our education followed a certain course at the hands of those others."

    Wait, let's look at Sense 3: "move ahead; travel onward in time or space".
    "Our education moved ahead at the hands of those others."

    Let's try to find this specific usage in a corpus.
    "The work proceeded at a slow pace." (Sense 2 or 5)
    "The trial proceeded." (Sense 2 or 5)

    In "Our education proceeded at the hands of those others", the meaning is that the process of education *took place* or *was carried out*.

    Let's look at the senses one more time.
    1. continue talking
    2. continue a certain state, condition, or activity
    3. move ahead; travel onward in time or space
    4. follow a procedure or take a course
    5. follow a certain course

    Sense 5's example "The inauguration went well" is very similar to "The education proceeded at the hands of...". Both describe the unfolding of a process.

    Let's double-check Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    If the education "proceeded", it means it continued. But the sentence is more about the *fact* that it was carried out by those teachers, not necessarily that it *continued* after something else.

    Wait, "But our education proceeded at the hands of those others..."
    The "But" contrasts the "inspiring teachers" (who we remember) with the "others" (who actually did the work).
    So, "While we remember the inspiring ones, our education [actually took place/was carried out] by the others."

    This sounds more like "took place" or "unfolded" than "continued".
    Sense 5: "follow a certain course" (synonym: go). "The inauguration went well." (The inauguration took place/unfolded well).
    This matches "Our education took place/unfolded at the hands of those others."

    Let's check Sense 4 again: "follow a procedure or take a course".
    "Our education followed a procedure at the hands of those others." (Less likely).

    Let's check Sense 3: "move ahead; travel onward in time or space".
    "Our education moved ahead at the hands of those others." (Possible, but Sense 5 feels more like "unfolded").

    Let's re-verify Sense 5: "follow a certain course" (synonym: go).
    If you say "The meeting proceeded," it means it took place or followed its course.
    "Our education proceeded at the hands of those others" means the process of education followed its course through those teachers.

    Final check:
    Sense 2: continue an activity.
    Sense 5: follow a course (unfold/take place).

    The context "But our education proceeded at the hands of those others" suggests the process of education was carried out by them. This fits "follow a certain course" (Sense 5) better than "continue a certain activity" (Sense 2), as it's describing the overall process rather than the continuation of it.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 5 again. "follow a certain course" (synonym: go). Example: "The inauguration went well".
    If I replace "proceeded" with "went": "Our education went at the hands of those others." (Doesn't work).
    If I replace "proceeded" with "continued": "Our education continued at the hands of those others." (Works).
    If I replace "proceeded" with "followed a course": "Our education followed a course at the hands of those others." (Works).

    Let's look at Sense 2 again: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    Synonyms: "continue, go on, go along, keep".
    "Our education went on at the hands of those others." (Works).

    Let's look at Sense 3: "move ahead; travel onward in time or space".
    Synonyms: "go forward, continue".
    "Our education went forward at the hands of those others." (Works).

    Wait, let's look at the WordNet sense for "proceed" meaning "to happen".
    In some versions, "proceed" meaning "to happen" is "follow a certain course".

    Let's re-read: "Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers... But our education proceeded at the hands of those others..."
    The author is saying that the *bulk* of the education was delivered by the competent teachers.
    "Our education [was carried out] at the hands of those others."

    Looking at the senses again:
    Sense 2: continue a certain state, condition, or activity.
    Sense 5: follow a certain course.

    If I say "The trial proceeded," it can mean it continued (Sense 2) or it took place (Sense 5).
    In this context, "our education proceeded" means the process of education took place.

    Let's look at Sense 5's example again: "The inauguration went well."
    This is about the *process* of the inauguration.
    "Our education proceeded at the hands of those others" is about the *process* of the education.

    Let's compare with Sense 2: "Keep on working!"
    This is about *maintaining* an activity.

    The education didn't just "keep on" happening; it "took place" or "unfolded" through those teachers.

    Therefore, Sense 5 seems the most appropriate.

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 4: "follow a procedure or take a course".
    "Our education followed a procedure at the hands of those others."
    This is also possible, but "follow a certain course" (Sense 5) is more general and fits "unfolded" better.

    Let's think about "proceeded" as "progressed".
    "Our education progressed at the hands of those others."
    "Progressed" often means "moved forward" (Sense 3) or "followed a course" (Sense 5).

    Let's look at Sense 3: "move ahead; travel onward in time or space".
    "Our education moved ahead at the hands of those others."

    Let's look at Sense 5 again: "follow a certain course".
    "Our education followed a certain course at the hands of those others."

    Actually, "proceed" in the sense of "to happen" or "to take place" is most often Sense 5.

    Let's double-check the synonyms for Sense 5: "go".
    "How did your interview go?" = "How did your interview proceed?"
    "The inauguration went well" = "The inauguration proceeded well."
    "Our education proceeded at the hands of those others" = "Our education went [along/on] at the hands of those others."

    Wait, "went along" is a synonym for Sense 2 ("go along").
    Let's look at Sense 2 again: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity". Synonyms: "continue, go on, go along, keep".

    This is tricky. Let's re-read the sentence one more time.
    "But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious."
    This means the *process* of their education was carried out by these teachers.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: proceed
Target surface form: proceeded
Context:
But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education <t>proceeded</t> at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proceed%2:32:00:: | definition=continue talking;  he continued, | synonyms=continue, go on, carry on | examples=I know it's hard,; but there is no choice
2. sense_key=proceed%2:42:00:: | definition=continue a certain state, condition, or activity | synonyms=continue, go on, go along, keep | examples=Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night
3. sense_key=proceed%2:38:00:: | definition=move ahead; travel onward in time or space | synonyms=go forward, continue | examples=We proceeded towards Washington; She continued in the direction of the hills
4. sense_key=proceed%2:41:00:: | definition=follow a procedure or take a course | synonyms=go, move | examples=We should go farther in this matter; She went through a lot of trouble
5. sense_key=proceed%2:30:00:: | definition=follow a certain course | synonyms=go | examples=The inauguration went well; how did your interview go?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 5. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `proceed`
    *   Target surface form: `proceeded`
    *   Context: "But our education <t>proceeded</t> at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "our education proceeded" means that the process of their education continued or took place/unfolded over time.

    *   Sense 1: `continue talking` (Not applicable)
    *   Sense 2: `continue a certain state, condition, or activity` (Possible: education is an activity/process that continued)
    *   Sense 3: `move ahead; travel onward in time or space` (Usually physical movement or chronological progression)
    *   Sense 4: `follow a procedure or take a course` (Possible: education follows a course/procedure)
    *   Sense 5: `follow a certain course` (Synonym: "go" as in "how did it go?"). Example: "The inauguration went well."

    *   "Our education proceeded at the hands of those others..."
    *   This means the process of education *went on* or *unfolded*.
    *   Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity". Education is an activity/process.
    *   Sense 5: "follow a certain course" (as in "how did it go?"). "Our education went [on/along] at the hands of..."
    *   Sense 4: "follow a procedure or take a course".

    *   Sense 2 focuses on the *continuation* of the activity.
    *   Sense 5 focuses on the *way* something happened or the *progress* of an event.
    *   Looking at the sentence: "But our education proceeded at the hands of those others..."
    *   If we replace "proceeded" with "continued" (Sense 2), it makes sense: "our education continued at the hands of those others."
    *   If we replace "proceeded" with "went" (Sense 5), it makes sense: "our education went [on] at the hands of those others."
    *   However, "proceeded" here suggests the progression or the unfolding of the educational process.
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 5: "follow a certain course" (e.g., "The inauguration went well"). This is often used for the *manner* in which something happened.
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 4: "follow a procedure or take a course".

    *   "Our education proceeded at the hands of those others..."
    *   This is describing the process of their education happening/progressing.
    *   Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    *   Sense 5: "follow a certain course" (like "the meeting proceeded/went smoothly").
    *   Comparing "proceeded" in "the meeting proceeded" vs "our education proceeded".
    *   Sense 5's example "The inauguration went well" matches the pattern of an event unfolding.
    *   Sense 2's example "We continued to work" is more about persistence.

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    *   Sense 5: "follow a certain course" (synonym: go).
    *   In the sentence "our education proceeded at the hands of those others", it means the process of education *took place* or *unfolded*.
    *   Sense 5 ("follow a certain course") often refers to the way an event develops.
    *   Sense 2 ("continue a certain state...") refers to the persistence of an activity.

    *   Let's check Sense 4: "follow a procedure or take a course". This is often used for legal or formal steps.

    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 2: continue, go on, go along, keep.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 5: go.

    *   "Our education proceeded..." -> "Our education went on..." or "Our education continued...".
    *   If the author means that the education *happened* or *unfolded* through these teachers, Sense 2 (continue/go on) or Sense 5 (follow a course/go) are the strongest.
    *   Usually, "proceed" in the sense of "the trial proceeded" or "the meeting proceeded" maps to Sense 5 (follow a certain course).
    *   "Our education proceeded" is very similar to "the process proceeded".

    *   Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity" (e.g., "Keep on working").
    *   Sense 5: "follow a certain course" (e.g., "The inauguration went well").
    *   The sentence "our education proceeded at the hands of those others" describes the *process* of education unfolding. This aligns better with Sense 5 (the way something goes/unfolds) than Sense 2 (simply continuing an activity).

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 2 again. "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    *   If I say "The work proceeded apace," it means it continued to happen.
    *   If I say "The education proceeded," it means it continued to happen.

    *   Let's look at Sense 5 again: "follow a certain course" (synonym: go). "The inauguration went well."
    *   "Our education proceeded at the hands of those others" -> "Our education went [on] at the hands of those others."

    *   Actually, looking at the context, the author is contrasting "inspiring teachers" with "merely competent" ones. He's saying that while we remember the inspiring ones, the bulk of the *process* of education was carried out by the others.
    *   "Proceeded" here means "took place" or "was carried out".
    *   Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    *   Sense 5: "follow a certain course".

    *   Let's try Sense 2. "Our education continued at the hands of those others."
    *   Let's try Sense 5. "Our education went [on] at the hands of those others."

    *   Looking at WordNet (the source of these senses), "proceed" as in "the meeting proceeded" is often categorized as "follow a certain course".

    *   Sense 2: continue, go on, go along, keep.
    *   Sense 5: go.
    *   "Our education proceeded" = "Our education went on".

    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 5: "follow a certain course".

    *   If the education is viewed as a process/course, Sense 5 fits. If it's viewed as an activity that continued, Sense 2 fits.
    *   "Proceeded at the hands of" suggests the *manner* or *agency* of the progression.
    *   Sense 5: "The inauguration went well" (manner).
    *   Sense 2: "We continued to work into the night" (duration/persistence).

    *   The sentence "our education proceeded at the hands of those others" is more about *how* it happened (the agency) than *how long* it lasted. This points toward Sense 5.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 4: "follow a procedure or take a course".
    *   "Our education proceeded [followed a course] at the hands of those others."
    *   But Sense 4's example "We should go farther in this matter" is more about progress in a discussion or investigation.

    *   Let's reconsider Sense 2. "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    *   If "education" is the activity, then "proceeded" means it continued.

    *   Let's look at the phrase "proceeded at the hands of". This is a slightly formal way of saying "was carried out by".
    *   If "proceeded" means "was carried out", which sense fits best?
    *   Sense 5: "follow a certain course" (synonym: go).
    *   Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".

    *   Let's search for "proceeded at the hands of". (Not a common idiom).
    *   Let's search for "education proceeded".
    *   Usually, "proceeded" in this context means "progressed" or "unfolded".
    *   "Progressed" is very close to "follow a certain course" (Sense 5).

    *   Sense 1: talking (No)
    *   Sense 2: continue activity (Possible)
    *   Sense 3: move ahead in space/time (No)
    *   Sense 4: follow a procedure (Possible, but usually more specific)
    *   Sense 5: follow a certain course/go (Possible)

    *   Comparing 2 and 5 again:
        Sense 2: "Keep on working!" (Persistence)
        Sense 5: "The inauguration went well" (The way an event unfolded)

    *   "Our education proceeded at the hands of those others" describes the unfolding of the educational process. This matches Sense 5 better than the persistence of an activity (Sense 2).

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 2 again. "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    *   If the education is the activity, and it "proceeded", it means it continued.
    *   But "proceeded at the hands of" is more about the *process* of it happening.

    *   Let's try to find a similar example for Sense 5. "The trial proceeded." "The ceremony proceeded." "The education proceeded." These all describe an event or process unfolding.

    *   Sense 5: "follow a certain course" (synonym: go).
    *   Example: "The inauguration went well."
    *   This fits the "event unfolding" meaning.

    *   Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    *   Example: "We continued to work into the night."
    *   This fits the "persistence" meaning.

    *   The sentence "our education proceeded at the hands of those others" is about the process of education unfolding over time, not necessarily about the persistence of the activity.

    *   Therefore, Sense 5 is the most likely.

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 4: "follow a procedure or take a course".
    *   Example: "We should go farther in this matter."
    *   This doesn't seem to fit as well as Sense 5.

    *   Let's re-verify Sense 5 one more time.
    *   Sense 5: "follow a certain course" (synonym: go).
    *   "Our education proceeded [followed a course/went] at the hands of those others."
    *   This seems the most plausible.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 2 again. "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    *   If I say "The work proceeded," it often means it continued.
    *   Is "education" an activity? Yes.
    *   Did it "continue"? Yes.

    *   Let's compare:
        A: "The education proceeded (continued) at the hands of those others."
        B: "The education proceeded (unfolded/went) at the hands of those others."

    *   In many contexts, "proceed" meaning "to go on" or "to continue" is Sense 2.
    *   In many contexts, "proceed" meaning "to happen in a certain way" is Sense 5.

    *   "at the hands of those others" describes *how* it happened.
    *   This points more toward Sense 5 (the course/manner of the event).

    *   Let's double-check the synonyms for Sense 2: continue, go on, go along, keep.
    *   Let's double-check the synonyms for Sense 5: go.

    *   If we use "go on" (Sense 2), it works: "Our education went on at the hands of those others."
    *   If we use "go" (Sense 5), it works: "Our education went at the hands of those others" (though "went" alone is a bit weak here, "went on" is better).

    *   Wait, "go on" is listed as a synonym for Sense 2.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 5: "follow a certain course".

    *   Actually, "the meeting proceeded" is often listed under "follow a certain course".
    *   Let's look at the examples again.
    *   Sense 5: "The inauguration went well."
    *   Sense 2: "We continued to work into the night."

    *   "Our education proceeded at the hands of those others" is more like "The inauguration went well" (describing the process) than "We continued to work" (describing the persistence).

    *   Let's consider Sense 2 again. "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    *   If the author means "our education continued to happen", then Sense 2.
    *   If the author means "our education unfolded/took place", then Sense 5.

    *   Looking at the context: "But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious."
    *   The focus is on *who* was doing the teaching during the process.
    *   This feels like the "unfolding of a process" (Sense 5).

    *   Let me search for "proceeded" in a similar context.
    *   "The trial proceeded" -> Sense 5.
    *   "The work proceeded" -> Sense 2 or 5 depending on whether it's about persistence or the way it's going.

    *   Let's try Sense 2 one more time. "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    *   If "education" is the activity, "proceeded" means it continued.
    *   "Our education continued at the hands of those others."

    *   Let's try Sense 5. "follow a certain course".
    *   "Our education followed a certain course at the hands of those others."

    *   Actually, "proceeded" in the sense of "the meeting proceeded" is very common. Let's see which sense that usually is. In WordNet, "the meeting proceeded" is often "follow a certain course".

    *   Let's re-examine the candidate senses provided:
        1. continue talking
        2. continue a certain state, condition, or activity
        3. move ahead; travel onward in time or space
        4. follow a procedure or take a course
        5. follow a certain course

    *   Wait, Sense 4 and Sense 5 are very similar.
        Sense 4: "follow a procedure or take a course" (synonyms: go, move). Example: "We should go farther in this matter."
        Sense 5: "follow a certain course" (synonym: go). Example: "The inauguration went well."

    *   Sense 4 seems to be about *progressing* in a process (like a legal case or a discussion).
    *   Sense 5 seems to be about *how* an event unfolds.

    *   "Our education proceeded at the hands of those others" is about how the process of education unfolded.

    *   Let's double-check Sense 2 again. "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    *   If the author is saying "our education *went on*", that's Sense 2.

    *   Let's think about the contrast: "inspiring teachers" vs "merely competent" ones.
    *   "We remember the inspiring ones, but our education [actually happened/unfolded] at the hands of the others."
    *   This is not about the education *continuing* (as in, it didn't stop), but about *how* it was carried out.

    *   This points strongly to Sense 5.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 2's synonyms: "continue, go on, go along, keep".
    *   "Our education went on at the hands of those others." (This sounds very natural).

    *   Let me look at Sense 5's synonym: "go".
    *   "Our education went at the hands of those others." (This sounds less natural).

    *   Wait, "go on" is a synonym for Sense 2.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".
    *   If "education" is the activity, then "proceeded" = "continued" or "went on".

    *   Let's re-read Sense 5: "follow a certain course".
    *   Example: "The inauguration went well."
    *   In this example, "went" means "proceeded".

    *   So, "Our education proceeded" = "Our education went".
    *   But "Our education went at the hands of those others" is not quite right. It would be "Our education went *on* at the hands of those others."
    *   And "go on" is a synonym for Sense 2.

    *   Let's re-evaluate.
    *   Sense 2: continue a certain state, condition, or activity.
    *   Sense 5: follow a certain course.

    *   If I say "The meeting proceeded," I mean it followed its course.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: competent
Target surface form: competent
Context:
But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely <t>competent</t> and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=competent%5:00:00:adequate:00 | definition=adequate for the purpose | examples=a competent performance
2. sense_key=competent%3:00:00:: | definition=properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient | examples=a competent typist
3. sense_key=competent%3:00:02:: | definition=legally qualified or sufficient | examples=a competent court; competent testimony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "competent"
    *   Context: "But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely <t>competent</t> and conscientious."
    *   Surrounding context: The author is discussing teachers. They distinguish between the "best and brightest" (inspiring) and those who are "merely competent and conscientious." The comparison is made to a family doctor.

    *   Sense 1: `adequate for the purpose` (Example: "a competent performance"). This often refers to a specific act or result.
    *   Sense 2: `properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient` (Example: "a competent typist"). This refers to a person's general ability or professional qualification to perform a role.
    *   Sense 3: `legally qualified or sufficient` (Example: "a competent court"). This is a legal term.

    *   The context describes teachers as people.
    *   The author is talking about their ability to do their jobs ("But they need not be [the best and brightest] to do their jobs well").
    *   "Merely competent" in this context means they have the necessary skills and capabilities to teach effectively, even if they aren't "inspiring" or "the best and brightest."
    *   Sense 2 ("properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient") fits perfectly for a professional role like a teacher or a typist.
    *   Sense 1 ("adequate for the purpose") is more about a specific instance (a performance) than a person's general professional capability.
    *   Sense 3 ("legally qualified") is clearly incorrect as it refers to legal standing.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.