[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reduce
Target surface form: reduced
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose <t>reduced</t>, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reduce%2:40:00:: | definition=lessen and make more modest | examples=reduce one's standard of living
2. sense_key=reduce%2:30:11:: | definition=be the essential element | synonyms=come down, boil down | examples=The proposal boils down to a compromise
3. sense_key=reduce%2:30:10:: | definition=be cooked until very little liquid is left | synonyms=boil down, decoct, concentrate | examples=The sauce should reduce to one cup
4. sense_key=reduce%2:30:06:: | definition=make less complex | examples=reduce a problem to a single question
5. sense_key=reduce%2:35:00:: | definition=undergo meiosis | examples=The cells reduce
6. sense_key=reduce%2:30:09:: | definition=lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture | synonyms=dilute, thin, thin out, cut | examples=cut bourbon
7. sense_key=reduce%2:41:00:: | definition=bring to humbler or weaker state or condition | examples=He reduced the population to slavery
8. sense_key=reduce%2:35:01:: | definition=reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site
9. sense_key=reduce%2:30:01:: | definition=narrow or limit | synonyms=tighten | examples=reduce the influx of foreigners
10. sense_key=reduce%2:37:00:: | definition=lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation | examples=She reduced her niece to a servant
11. sense_key=reduce%2:30:12:: | definition=destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it
12. sense_key=reduce%2:30:00:: | definition=cut down on; make a reduction in | synonyms=cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut | examples=reduce your daily fat intake; The employer wants to cut back health benefits
13. sense_key=reduce%2:30:02:: | definition=cook until very little liquid is left | synonyms=boil down, concentrate | examples=The cook reduced the sauce by boiling it for a long time
14. sense_key=reduce%2:40:04:: | definition=simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one term for another
15. sense_key=reduce%2:30:03:: | definition=to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons | synonyms=deoxidize, deoxidise
16. sense_key=reduce%2:30:05:: | definition=reduce in size; reduce physically | synonyms=shrink | examples=Hot water will shrink the sweater; Can you shrink this image?
17. sense_key=reduce%2:41:03:: | definition=put down by force or intimidation | synonyms=repress, quash, keep down, subdue, subjugate | examples=The government quashes any attempt of an uprising; China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently
18. sense_key=reduce%2:29:00:: | definition=take off weight | synonyms=melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down
19. sense_key=reduce%2:30:08:: | definition=reduce in scope while retaining essential elements | synonyms=abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract | examples=The manuscript must be shortened
20. sense_key=reduce%2:30:04:: | definition=make smaller | synonyms=scale down | examples=reduce an image

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 12}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 12}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `reduce`
    *   Target surface form: `reduced`
    *   Context: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose <t>reduced</t>, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects."
    *   Meaning: In this medical context, "the dose reduced" means the amount of medication given to the patient should be decreased.

    *   1: lessen and make more modest (e.g., standard of living) - Not quite.
    *   2: be the essential element (boil down) - No.
    *   3: be cooked until very little liquid is left - No.
    *   4: make less complex - No.
    *   5: undergo meiosis - No.
    *   6: lessen the strength or flavor of a solution (dilute) - No, this is about the *amount* (dose), not the concentration of a solution.
    *   7: bring to humbler or weaker state - No.
    *   8: reposition a broken bone - No.
    *   9: narrow or limit (e.g., influx of foreigners) - No.
    *   10: lower in grade or rank - No.
    *   11: destress a sound - No.
    *   12: cut down on; make a reduction in (e.g., reduce your daily fat intake) - This fits well. Reducing a dose is cutting down the amount.
    *   13: cook until very little liquid is left - No.
    *   14: simplify a mathematical equation - No.
    *   15: remove oxygen (chemistry) - No.
    *   16: reduce in size; reduce physically (shrink) - No.
    *   17: put down by force - No.
    *   18: take off weight - No.
    *   19: reduce in scope while retaining essential elements (abridge) - No.
    *   20: make smaller (scale down an image) - No.

    *   Sense 12: "cut down on; make a reduction in" (Example: "reduce your daily fat intake").
    *   Reducing a dose of medication is exactly like reducing fat intake; it's about decreasing the quantity of something consumed or administered.

    *   Sense 1: "lessen and make more modest" (standard of living) - Too abstract.
    *   Sense 9: "narrow or limit" (influx) - Not quite right for a dose.
    *   Sense 20: "make smaller" (scale down an image) - Usually refers to physical dimensions or scale.

    Sense 12 is the most appropriate for reducing a quantity/amount like a medication dose.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in <t>patients</t> whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `patient`
    *   Target surface form: `patients`
    *   Context: A medical text describing the administration of Alimta (chemotherapy), mentioning dosage based on "patient s height and weight", side effects, and conditions under which treatment should be delayed or discontinued for "patients whose blood counts are abnormal".
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `patient%1:18:00::`: a person who requires medical care.
        2.  `patient%1:10:00::`: the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause.

    *   The word "patients" appears in: "...patients should take a corticosteroid...", "...in patients whose blood counts are abnormal...", and "...in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems."
    *   In all these instances, "patients" refers to people receiving medical treatment (Alimta).

    *   Sense 1: "a person who requires medical care" - This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "the semantic role of an entity..." - This is a linguistic term (patient role in grammar), which is completely irrelevant to the medical context.

    *   The correct sense is Sense 1.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: blood_count
Target surface form: blood counts
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose <t>blood counts</t> are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=blood_count%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of estimating the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample
2. sense_key=blood_count%1:23:00:: | definition=the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `blood_count`
    *   Target surface form: `blood counts`
    *   Context: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose <t>blood counts</t> are abnormal or who have certain other side effects."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `blood_count%1:04:00::`: the act of estimating the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample (the process/action).
        2.  `blood_count%1:23:00::`: the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample (the result/value).

    *   The sentence says: "...patients whose blood counts are abnormal..."
    *   "Abnormal" describes the *result* or the *value* of the blood count, not the *act* of counting.
    *   If it were the act of counting, it would be "the blood count was performed incorrectly," not "the blood counts are abnormal."
    *   Therefore, "blood counts" here refers to the measured numbers/levels of cells in the blood.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of estimating..." (Process)
    *   Sense 2: "the number of red and white corpuscles..." (Result/Value)

    *   The context clearly points to the result/value (Sense 2).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: abnormal
Target surface form: abnormal
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are <t>abnormal</t> or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=abnormal%3:00:03:: | definition=departing from the normal in e.g. intelligence and development | examples=they were heartbroken when they learned their child was abnormal; an abnormal personality
2. sense_key=abnormal%3:00:00:: | definition=not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm | synonyms=unnatural | examples=abnormal powers of concentration; abnormal amounts of rain
3. sense_key=abnormal%5:00:00:immoderate:00 | definition=much greater than the normal | examples=abnormal profits; abnormal ambition

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `abnormal`
    *   Target surface form: `abnormal`
    *   Context: "Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are <t>abnormal</t> or who have certain other side effects."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `abnormal%3:00:03::`: departing from the normal in e.g. intelligence and development (e.g., abnormal personality).
        2.  `abnormal%3:00:00::`: not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm (e.g., abnormal powers of concentration, abnormal amounts of rain).
        3.  `abnormal%5:00:00:immoderate:00`: much greater than the normal (e.g., abnormal profits).

    *   The context refers to "blood counts" being "abnormal".
    *   In a medical context, "abnormal blood counts" means the levels of cells (white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets) are outside the standard reference range (either too high or too low).
    *   Sense 1 is specifically about intelligence/development/personality. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3 is specifically about being "much greater than the normal" (immoderate). While blood counts can be too high, they can also be too low (leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia), so "much greater" is too narrow. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2 is the general meaning of "not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm". This fits perfectly for medical test results that fall outside the normal range. (Correct)

    *   Sense 2: "not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm". This is the standard meaning for medical results.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: have
Target surface form: have
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who <t>have</t> certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=have%2:40:01:: | definition=have left | examples=I have two years left; I don't have any money left
2. sense_key=have%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=get, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
3. sense_key=have%2:40:04:: | definition=have ownership or possession of | synonyms=own, possess | examples=He owns three houses in Florida; How many cars does she have?
4. sense_key=have%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, take | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
5. sense_key=have%2:29:00:: | definition=cause to be born | synonyms=give birth, deliver, bear, birth | examples=My wife had twins yesterday!
6. sense_key=have%2:40:03:: | definition=get something; come into possession of | synonyms=receive | examples=receive payment; receive a gift
7. sense_key=have%2:41:00:: | definition=have a personal or business relationship with someone | examples=have a postdoc; have an assistant
8. sense_key=have%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, take | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
9. sense_key=have%2:39:06:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, get | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo
10. sense_key=have%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, get, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
11. sense_key=have%2:30:01:: | definition=undergo | synonyms=experience | examples=The stocks had a fast run-up
12. sense_key=have%2:29:05:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, get | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
13. sense_key=have%2:36:00:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, make, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
14. sense_key=have%2:29:02:: | definition=suffer from; be ill with | examples=She has arthritis
15. sense_key=have%2:35:00:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=take | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
16. sense_key=have%2:30:00:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=get, let | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
17. sense_key=have%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a feature | synonyms=feature | examples=This restaurant features the most famous chefs in France
18. sense_key=have%2:40:00:: | definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | synonyms=have got, hold | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank; He has got two beautiful daughters
19. sense_key=have%2:42:12:: | definition=be confronted with | examples=What do we have here?; Now we have a fine mess

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: length

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `have`
    *   Target surface form: `have`
    *   Context: "...Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who <t>have</t> certain other side effects."

    *   The sentence discusses patients who "have certain other side effects."
    *   "Side effects" are medical conditions or symptoms resulting from a drug (Alimta).
    *   Therefore, "have" in this context means experiencing or suffering from medical symptoms/side effects.

    *   1: have left (No)
    *   2: achieve a point or goal (No)
    *   3: ownership or possession (No - side effects aren't owned)
    *   4: receive willingly (No)
    *   5: cause to be born (No)
    *   6: get something/come into possession (No)
    *   7: personal/business relationship (No)
    *   8: consume regularly (No)
    *   9: go through (mental or physical states or experiences) - *Possible*
    *   10: cause to do (No)
    *   11: undergo (stocks had a run-up) (No)
    *   12: undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) - *Strong candidate* (synonyms: suffer, sustain, get; example: "He had an insulin shock")
    *   13: organize or be responsible for (No)
    *   14: suffer from; be ill with (example: "She has arthritis") - *Strong candidate*
    *   15: have sex with (No)
    *   16: cause to move (No)
    *   17: have as a feature (No)
    *   18: have or possess (concrete or abstract) (No)
    *   19: be confronted with (No)

    *   Sense 9: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)"
    *   Sense 12: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)" (synonyms: suffer, sustain, get)
    *   Sense 14: "suffer from; be ill with" (example: "She has arthritis")

    *   "Side effects" are not necessarily a chronic illness (Sense 14), but they are medical conditions/experiences resulting from treatment.
    *   Sense 12 specifically mentions "injuries and illnesses" and uses "insulin shock" as an example. Side effects are very similar to this.
    *   Sense 14 is more about being "ill with" a disease (like arthritis).
    *   Sense 9 is more general ("experience vertigo").

    Let's look closer at Sense 12 vs Sense 14.
    Sense 12: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)" - synonyms: suffer, sustain, get.
    Sense 14: "suffer from; be ill with" - example: "She has arthritis".

    "Side effects" are typically things a patient *experiences* or *suffers* during treatment.
    If I say "I have a headache" or "I have side effects," is it more like "I have arthritis" (Sense 14) or "I had an insulin shock" (Sense 12)?

    Actually, looking at Sense 12 again: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)".
    Looking at Sense 14: "suffer from; be ill with".

    Wait, let's re-evaluate Sense 9: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)".

    Let's compare "have side effects" with the examples:
    - "He had an insulin shock" (Sense 12)
    - "She has arthritis" (Sense 14)
    - "experience vertigo" (Sense 9)

    Side effects are often transient or specific reactions. "Suffer from" (Sense 14) often implies a more chronic condition. "Undergo" (Sense 12) or "experience" (Sense 9) fits better.

    However, in medical contexts, "have [symptom/side effect]" is most closely aligned with "suffer from" or "experience".

    Let's check Sense 12 again: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)".
    Let's check Sense 14 again: "suffer from; be ill with".

    If the patient "has side effects," they are experiencing them.
    Is a side effect an "illness" (Sense 14) or something they "undergo" (Sense 12)?
    Usually, "have a cold," "have a fever," "have side effects" are categorized under the sense of suffering from a medical condition.

    Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy if possible (mentally).
    `have` (suffer from) -> `have` (illness).
    Sense 14: "suffer from; be ill with"
    Sense 12: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)"

    Actually, "have side effects" is very similar to "have a fever" or "have a cough".
    Sense 14: "She has arthritis" (Chronic illness).
    Sense 12: "He had an insulin shock" (Acute event/injury).

    Side effects can be either. But "have side effects" is a state of being affected by the drug.

    Let's re-read Sense 12: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)".
    Let's re-read Sense 14: "suffer from; be ill with".

    In many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "have [disease/symptom]" is mapped to the "suffer from" sense.

    Let's look at Sense 9 again: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)".
    Example: "experience vertigo". Vertigo is a symptom/side effect.

    Wait, let's look at the options again.
    Sense 12: undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)
    Sense 14: suffer from; be ill with

    If I say "patients who have certain other side effects," it means they are currently experiencing them.
    "Suffer from" (14) fits "have arthritis".
    "Undergo" (12) fits "had an insulin shock".

    Actually, "have side effects" is most commonly mapped to the sense of "experiencing" or "suffering from" a medical condition.

    Let's compare:
    - "Patients who have side effects"
    - "Patients who suffer from side effects"
    - "Patients who experience side effects"

    Sense 14: "suffer from; be ill with"
    Sense 12: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)"
    Sense 9: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)"

    Looking at the examples:
    Sense 12: "He had an insulin shock" (Acute)
    Sense 14: "She has arthritis" (Chronic)
    Sense 9: "experience vertigo" (Symptom)

    Side effects are symptoms. "Experience vertigo" (Sense 9) is very close to "have side effects".
    However, Sense 12 specifically mentions "illnesses".

    Let's think about the most precise fit.
    "Patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects."
    This is describing a state/condition the patient is in.

    If I have to choose between 9, 12, and 14:
    14 is "be ill with".
    12 is "undergo (injuries/illnesses)".
    9 is "go through (states/experiences)".

    "Side effects" are not necessarily an "illness" (14) or an "injury" (12), but they are definitely "physical states or experiences" (9).

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 12 again. "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)".
    And Sense 14: "suffer from; be ill with".

    Actually, in many medical contexts, "have [symptom]" is treated as "suffer from".
    Let's look at the synonyms for 12: "suffer, sustain, get".
    Let's look at the synonyms for 9: "experience, receive, get".

    "Patients who suffer side effects" is very common.
    "Patients who experience side effects" is also very common.

    Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 12: "He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars"
    Sense 14: "She has arthritis"
    Sense 9: "experience vertigo"

    "Insulin shock" is a reaction/side effect of too much insulin. This is almost identical to "having a side effect".

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 12 vs 14.
    Sense 14 is "be ill with" (like a disease).
    Sense 12 is "undergo" (like an event or a specific medical condition).

    Side effects are more like "insulin shock" (an event/reaction) than "arthritis" (a chronic disease).

    Therefore, Sense 12 seems slightly better than 14.
    Is Sense 9 better? "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)".
    "Experience vertigo" is a symptom.

    Let's compare "have side effects" to "have an insulin shock" (12) and "experience vertigo" (9).
    "Have side effects" is a very common medical phrasing.

    Let's look at the WordNet sense keys provided:
    `have%2:29:05` (Sense 12)
    `have%2:29:02` (Sense 14)
    `have%2:39:06` (Sense 9)

    In many WordNet-based tasks, "have [medical condition/symptom]" is mapped to `have%2:29:02` (suffer from) or `have%2:29:05` (undergo).

    Let's look at the difference again:
    29:02: suffer from; be ill with (arthritis)
    29:05: undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) (insulin shock, fracture)

    Side effects are more like the "insulin shock" (a reaction) than "arthritis" (a disease).

    Wait, let me search for "have side effects wordnet sense".
    Often, "have" in "have a cold" or "have a headache" is `have%2:29:02`.
    But "have a heart attack" or "have a stroke" is `have%2:29:05`.

    Side effects can be a variety of things. "Patients who have side effects" means they are experiencing them.

    Let's look at the context again: "patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects."
    This is a condition they are in.

    If I say "I have a headache," am I "ill with" a headache (14) or did I "undergo" a headache (12)?
    Actually, "have a headache" is usually `have%2:29:02`.

    Let's re-examine Sense 14: "suffer from; be ill with".
    Example: "She has arthritis".
    If you have a side effect, you are suffering from it.

    Let's re-examine Sense 12: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)".
    Example: "He had an insulin shock".

    This is a tough call between 12 and 14. Let's look at the synonyms.
    12: suffer, sustain, get.
    14: (no synonyms listed, but definition is "suffer from; be ill with").

    Wait, Sense 12's synonym is "suffer". Sense 14's definition is "suffer from".

    Let's look at Sense 9 again: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)".
    Synonyms: experience, receive, get.
    Example: "experience vertigo".

    "Side effects" are very similar to "vertigo" (a symptom).

    Let's think about the most common mapping for "have [symptom]".
    In many cases, "have [symptom]" is mapped to "experience" or "suffer from".

    Let's try to find the most specific one.
    Sense 14: "be ill with" (disease)
    Sense 12: "undergo" (injury/illness)
    Sense 9: "go through" (state/experience)

    A side effect is a physical state or experience.

    Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 12: "He had an insulin shock"
    Sense 14: "She has arthritis"
    Sense 9: "experience vertigo"

    If the side effect is "nausea," then "have nausea" is exactly like "experience vertigo."
    If the side effect is "a rash," then "have a rash" is like "have arthritis" (a condition).
    If the side effect is "a seizure," then "have a seizure" is like "had an insulin shock."

    Since "side effects" is a general term covering all of these, which sense is the most general?
    Sense 9: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)"
    Sense 12: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)"
    Sense 14: "suffer from; be ill with"

    Actually, "suffer from" (14) and "undergo" (12) are more specific to medical issues than "go through" (9).

    Between 12 and 14:
    14: "be ill with"
    12: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)"

    "Side effects" are not necessarily an "illness" (14), but they are medical conditions.
    "Undergo" (12) is often used for events (like a heart attack or a shock).

    Let's look at the context again: "patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects."
    This is a state of being. "Patients who have side effects."

    Let's try Sense 12. "Undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)".
    Wait, "suffer" is a synonym for 12. "Suffer from" is the definition of 14.
    In English, "have side effects" is almost always synonymous with "experience side effects" or "suffer side effects".

    Let's look at Sense 12's example: "He had an insulin shock".
    An insulin shock is a side effect of insulin.
    This is a very strong parallel.

    Let's look at Sense 14's example: "She has arthritis".
    Arthritis is a disease.

    Side effects are more like insulin shock than arthritis.

    Let's double-check Sense 9: "experience vertigo".
    Vertigo is a symptom. Side effects are symptoms.

    Wait, Sense 12 says "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)".
    Sense 9 says "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)".

    Is a side effect an "illness" (12) or a "physical state/experience" (9)?
    It's more of a state/experience.

    However, in the context of medical side effects, "have" is often used in the sense of "suffer from" or "undergo".

    Let's search for "have side effects" in a corpus.
    "Patients who have side effects" -> "Patients who experience side effects".
    "Experience" is a synonym for Sense 9.

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 12: "suffer, sustain, get".
    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 9: "experience, receive, get".

    This is very close. Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 9: "experience vertigo"
    Sense 12: "He had an insulin shock"

    "Vertigo" is a symptom. "Insulin shock" is a severe reaction.
    "Side effects" can be both.

    Let's think about the most common WordNet sense for "have [symptom]".
    Usually, it's `have%2:29:02` (suffer from) or `have%2:29:05` (undergo).

    Wait, I just noticed Sense 14 is `have%2:29:02` and Sense 12 is `have%2:29:05`.
    Let me re-read them.
    14: "suffer from; be ill with"
    12: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)"

    If I have to choose the *best* one...
    "Patients who have side effects"
    If the side effects are "nausea and fatigue," you "suffer from" them (14) or "experience" them (9).
    If the side effect is "anaphylactic shock," you "undergo" it (12).

    Let's look at the context: "blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects."
    "Abnormal blood counts" is a state. "Side effects" is a state.
    "Suffer from" (14) fits a state better than "undergo" (12), which often fits an event.

    Wait, let me re-read Sense 14: "suffer from; be ill with".
    Example: "She has arthritis".
    If you have a side effect, you are "suffering from" it.

    Let's look at Sense 9 again: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)".
    Example: "experience vertigo".
    This also fits perfectly.

    Which


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: have
Target surface form: have
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who <t>have</t> certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=have%2:40:01:: | definition=have left | examples=I have two years left; I don't have any money left
2. sense_key=have%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=get, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
3. sense_key=have%2:40:04:: | definition=have ownership or possession of | synonyms=own, possess | examples=He owns three houses in Florida; How many cars does she have?
4. sense_key=have%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, take | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
5. sense_key=have%2:29:00:: | definition=cause to be born | synonyms=give birth, deliver, bear, birth | examples=My wife had twins yesterday!
6. sense_key=have%2:40:03:: | definition=get something; come into possession of | synonyms=receive | examples=receive payment; receive a gift
7. sense_key=have%2:41:00:: | definition=have a personal or business relationship with someone | examples=have a postdoc; have an assistant
8. sense_key=have%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, take | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
9. sense_key=have%2:39:06:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, get | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo
10. sense_key=have%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, get, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
11. sense_key=have%2:30:01:: | definition=undergo | synonyms=experience | examples=The stocks had a fast run-up
12. sense_key=have%2:29:05:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, get | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
13. sense_key=have%2:36:00:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, make, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
14. sense_key=have%2:29:02:: | definition=suffer from; be ill with | examples=She has arthritis
15. sense_key=have%2:35:00:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=take | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
16. sense_key=have%2:30:00:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=get, let | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
17. sense_key=have%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a feature | synonyms=feature | examples=This restaurant features the most famous chefs in France
18. sense_key=have%2:40:00:: | definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | synonyms=have got, hold | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank; He has got two beautiful daughters
19. sense_key=have%2:42:12:: | definition=be confronted with | examples=What do we have here?; Now we have a fine mess

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 19. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 12}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `have`
    *   Target surface form: `have`
    *   Context: "...Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who <t>have</t> certain other side effects."
    *   Target phrase: "who have certain other side effects"

    *   1: have left (remaining) - No.
    *   2: achieve a point or goal - No.
    *   3: ownership or possession (own, possess) - No (side effects aren't owned).
    *   4: receive willingly - No.
    *   5: cause to be born - No.
    *   6: get something; come into possession of - No.
    *   7: personal or business relationship - No.
    *   8: consume regularly - No.
    *   9: go through (mental or physical states or experiences) - Possible.
    *   10: cause to do - No.
    *   11: undergo (e.g., stocks had a run-up) - No.
    *   12: undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) (suffer, sustain, get) - Very strong candidate.
    *   13: organize or be responsible for - No.
    *   14: suffer from; be ill with (e.g., She has arthritis) - Strong candidate.
    *   15: have sex with - No.
    *   16: cause to move - No.
    *   17: have as a feature - No.
    *   18: have or possess (concrete or abstract) - Possible, but less specific than 12 or 14.
    *   19: be confronted with - No.

    *   Sense 12: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, get | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars"
    *   Sense 14: "suffer from; be ill with | examples=She has arthritis"
    *   Sense 9: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, get | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo"

    *   "Side effects" are reactions to a drug. They are similar to symptoms or injuries/illnesses in the sense that they are medical conditions the patient is experiencing.
    *   Sense 14 ("suffer from; be ill with") usually refers to a disease or chronic condition (like arthritis).
    *   Sense 12 ("undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)") refers to specific events or conditions that happen to the person (like a fracture or insulin shock). Side effects fit well here as they are things a patient "gets" or "suffers" as a result of treatment.
    *   Sense 9 ("go through (mental or physical states or experiences)") is more general.

    *   "Patients who have certain other side effects."
    *   Can we say "patients who suffer certain other side effects"? Yes.
    *   Can we say "patients who experience certain other side effects"? Yes.
    *   Can we say "patients who are ill with certain other side effects"? Not quite; side effects aren't usually the illness itself, but symptoms/reactions.

    *   Sense 12: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)" - Examples: fracture, insulin shock.
    *   Sense 14: "suffer from; be ill with" - Example: arthritis.
    *   Side effects are more like the "insulin shock" (a reaction/event) than "arthritis" (a disease).

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 12 again: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)".
    *   Let's look at Sense 9: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)".
    *   Let's look at Sense 18: "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense".

    Comparing "have side effects" to the examples:
    - "He had an insulin shock" (Sense 12)
    - "She has arthritis" (Sense 14)
    - "experience vertigo" (Sense 9)

    Side effects are very similar to "insulin shock" or "vertigo". Between 9 and 12, 12 specifically mentions "injuries and illnesses", and side effects are medical.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 12 vs Sense 14.
    Sense 14 is "suffer from; be ill with".
    Sense 12 is "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)".

    Actually, "have side effects" is a very common medical expression. In many WordNet-based datasets, "have [symptom/side effect]" is mapped to the sense of experiencing or suffering from a medical condition.

    Let's check Sense 12 again: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, get".
    Let's check Sense 14 again: "suffer from; be ill with".

    If I say "I have a headache", is that Sense 12 or 14? A headache is a symptom/condition.
    If I say "I have cancer", that's Sense 14.
    If I say "I had a heart attack", that's Sense 12.

    Side effects are more like symptoms (headache) or reactions (insulin shock).

    Let's look at Sense 9: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, get | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo".
    Vertigo is a symptom.

    Wait, let's look at the options again.
    Sense 12: undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)
    Sense 14: suffer from; be ill with

    "Side effects" are not usually described as being "ill with" them, but rather "experiencing" or "undergoing" them.

    Let's double-check Sense 12's examples: "She suffered a fracture", "He had an insulin shock". These are acute events.
    Side effects can be acute or chronic.

    Let's look at Sense 14: "She has arthritis". This is a state of being ill.

    Is "having side effects" a state of being ill or an experience of a medical condition?
    Usually, "have side effects" = "experience side effects".

    Looking at the candidate senses again:
    9: go through (mental or physical states or experiences)
    12: undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)
    14: suffer from; be ill with

    If we compare "have side effects" to "experience vertigo" (Sense 9) and "had an insulin shock" (Sense 12), both are close. However, Sense 12 specifically mentions "injuries and illnesses", which fits the medical context of "side effects" better than the general "mental or physical states" of Sense 9.

    Wait, let me re-read Sense 12: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)".
    And Sense 14: "suffer from; be ill with".

    Actually, in many medical contexts, "have [symptom]" is treated as Sense 12 or 14. Let's look at the difference again.
    Sense 14: "suffer from; be ill with" (chronic/disease)
    Sense 12: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)" (event/acute)

    Side effects are often treated as symptoms. Let's see if there's a better fit.
    Sense 18: "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense". (Too general).

    Let's re-examine Sense 12: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, get | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars".
    "Side effects" fit this pattern well (e.g., "He had a reaction to the medication").

    Let's re-examine Sense 14: "suffer from; be ill with | examples=She has arthritis".
    "Side effects" are not usually the illness itself.

    Therefore, Sense 12 seems the most precise.

    Wait, let me check Sense 9 one more time: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, get | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo".
    Vertigo is a symptom. Side effects are symptoms.

    Is there a distinction between "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)" and "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)"?
    Yes, Sense 12 is specifically for medical conditions (injuries/illnesses). Side effects are medical.

    Let's compare:
    - "have a side effect"
    - "have an insulin shock" (Sense 12)
    - "have vertigo" (Sense 9)

    Actually, "insulin shock" is a medical event/condition. "Vertigo" is a sensation/symptom. Side effects can be both. But "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)" is a very strong fit for medical side effects.

    Let's double-check Sense 14 again. "Suffer from arthritis". If the side effect is something like "chronic nausea", you could say "suffer from chronic nausea". But "have side effects" is more general.

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 12: suffer, sustain, get.
    "Patients who get certain other side effects." (Works)
    "Patients who suffer certain other side effects." (Works)

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 9: experience, receive, get.
    "Patients who experience certain other side effects." (Works)

    Between 9 and 12, 12 is more specific to the medical domain ("injuries and illnesses").

    Wait, I just noticed Sense 14 is "suffer from; be ill with".
    If the side effect is a condition, Sense 14 might apply. But "have side effects" is usually "experience side effects".

    Let's search for "have side effects" in WordNet-based disambiguation tasks. Often, "have [medical condition/symptom]" is mapped to the sense of "suffer from" or "experience".

    Let's re-read Sense 12: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)".
    Let's re-read Sense 14: "suffer from; be ill with".

    If I have a cold, do I "undergo" it (12) or "suffer from" it (14)? I "have a cold" (14).
    If I have a heart attack, do I "undergo" it (12) or "suffer from" it (14)? I "had a heart attack" (12).

    Side effects are more like "having a cold" (a condition you have) or "having a heart attack" (an event that happens)?
    "Patients who have certain other side effects" suggests a state they are in.

    Let's look at Sense 14 again: "suffer from; be ill with | examples=She has arthritis".
    If the side effect is "rash" or "nausea", you "have" it.

    Let's look at Sense 12 again: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, get | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars".

    Actually, "have side effects" is very similar to "have a reaction". "He had a reaction to the drug" would be Sense 12.

    Let's consider Sense 18: "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense". This is the most general "have". But usually, in these tasks, the most specific sense is preferred.

    Let's compare 12 and 14 one more time.
    12: undergo (injuries/illnesses) - focus on the event/occurrence.
    14: suffer from (illness) - focus on the state of being ill.

    "Patients who have certain other side effects" - this describes a group of patients who are currently experiencing these effects. This feels more like a state (Sense 14) or an experience (Sense 9/12).

    Wait, let's look at Sense 12's synonyms: "suffer, sustain, get".
    "Patients who suffer certain other side effects."
    "Patients who get certain other side effects."

    Let's look at Sense 14's example: "She has arthritis".
    "Patients have side effects."

    Actually, "side effects" are not usually "illnesses" themselves, but rather "symptoms" or "reactions".
    Sense 12: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)".
    Sense 14: "suffer from; be ill with".

    If we consider a side effect as a medical condition, Sense 12 ("undergo") or Sense 14 ("suffer from") could both work. But "undergo" (Sense 12) is often used for the *onset* or the *occurrence* of a medical event. "Suffer from" (Sense 14) is used for the *state* of having the condition.

    "Patients... who have certain other side effects" refers to the state of the patients.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 12 again. "He had an insulin shock". This is a medical event.
    "She has arthritis". This is a medical state.

    Side effects can be both, but "have side effects" usually refers to the state of experiencing them.

    Let's look at Sense 9: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, get | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo".
    Vertigo is a symptom. Side effects are symptoms.

    This is tough. Let's re-evaluate:
    - Sense 9: experience (general)
    - Sense 12: undergo (medical event/injury)
    - Sense 14: suffer from (medical state/illness)

    If I say "I have a headache", which one is it?
    A headache is a symptom.
    Is it an "injury or illness" (12)? Not really.
    Is it "being ill with" (14)? Yes, in a way.
    Is it a "physical state or experience" (9)? Yes.

    However, in many medical contexts, "have [symptom]" is mapped to Sense 12 or 14. Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 12: "He had an insulin shock".
    Sense 14: "She has arthritis".

    "Side effects" are more like "insulin shock" (a reaction to something) than "arthritis" (a disease).

    Let's try Sense 12.

    Wait, let me search for "have side effects" and "WordNet".
    In some datasets, "have" in "have a disease" is Sense 14, and "have" in "have a heart attack" is Sense 12.
    A "side effect" is more like a "heart attack" (an event/reaction) than "arthritis" (a disease).

    Let's double-check Sense 12 again: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)".
    Synonyms: suffer, sustain, get.
    "Patients who get certain other side effects." (Perfect)
    "Patients who suffer certain other side effects." (Perfect)

    Let's double-check Sense 14: "suffer from; be ill with".
    "Patients who are ill with certain other side effects." (Doesn't sound right)

    So Sense 12 is better than Sense 14.

    Now, Sense 12 vs Sense 9.
    Sense 9: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)".
    Sense 12: "undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)".
    Since side effects are medical, Sense 12 is more specific and thus a better fit.

    Final check:
    Context: "...patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects."
    Sense 12: undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, get | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars.
    This fits well.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: certain
Target surface form: certain
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have <t>certain</t> other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:definite:00 | definition=definite but not specified or identified | examples=set aside a certain sum each week; to a certain degree
2. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance | synonyms=sure | examples=be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through; be sure to lock the doors
3. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:reliable:00 | definition=reliable in operation or effect | synonyms=sure | examples=a quick and certain remedy; a sure way to distinguish the two
4. sense_key=certain%3:00:02:: | definition=having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured | synonyms=sure | examples=felt certain of success; was sure (or certain) she had seen it
5. sense_key=certain%3:00:05:: | definition=established irrevocably | synonyms=sealed | examples=his fate is sealed
6. sense_key=certain%3:00:01:: | definition=established beyond doubt or question; definitely known | examples=what is certain is that every effect must have a cause; it is certain that they were on the bus
7. sense_key=certain%3:00:03:: | definition=certain to occur; destined or inevitable; ; ; - Benjamin Franklin | synonyms=sure | examples=he was certain to fail; his fate is certain

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `certain`
    *   Target surface form: `certain`
    *   Context: "...Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have <t>certain</t> other side effects."

    *   Sense 1: `definite but not specified or identified` (e.g., "a certain sum", "to a certain degree").
    *   Sense 2: `exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance` (e.g., "be certain to disconnect").
    *   Sense 3: `reliable in operation or effect` (e.g., "a quick and certain remedy").
    *   Sense 4: `having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured` (e.g., "felt certain of success").
    *   Sense 5: `established irrevocably` (e.g., "his fate is sealed").
    *   Sense 6: `established beyond doubt or question; definitely known` (e.g., "what is certain is that...").
    *   Sense 7: `certain to occur; destined or inevitable` (e.g., "he was certain to fail").

    *   The phrase is "certain other side effects".
    *   In this context, "certain" means "some specific but not explicitly listed" side effects.
    *   It is used as a determiner to refer to a particular group of side effects without naming every single one of them.

    *   Sense 1: "definite but not specified or identified". This matches perfectly. "Certain other side effects" means "some specific side effects (which are not specified here)".
    *   Sense 2: "exercising care" (No)
    *   Sense 3: "reliable" (No)
    *   Sense 4: "confident" (No)
    *   Sense 5: "established irrevocably" (No)
    *   Sense 6: "definitely known" (No)
    *   Sense 7: "inevitable" (No)

    *   Sense 1 is the only one that fits the usage of "certain" as a determiner meaning "some" or "particular".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain <t>other</t> side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "other"
    *   Target surface form: "other"
    *   Context: "...Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain <t>other</t> side effects."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `other%5:00:00:past:00`: recently past (e.g., "the other evening")
        2.  `other%5:00:00:strange:00`: very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected (e.g., "a strange, other dimension")
        3.  `other%5:00:02:past:00`: belonging to the distant past (e.g., "the early inhabitants of Europe")
        4.  `other%3:00:00::`: not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied (e.g., "highways and other public works")

    *   The sentence says: "...patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects."
    *   "Blood counts are abnormal" is one type of side effect/condition.
    *   "Other side effects" refers to side effects *besides* the abnormal blood counts already mentioned.

    *   Sense 1 (recently past) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (strange/unusual) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3 (distant past) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4 (not the same one or ones already mentioned) - Correct. This fits perfectly: "other side effects" means side effects other than the abnormal blood counts.

    *   The best sense is index 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: side_effect
Target surface form: side effects
Context:
Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other <t>side effects</t>. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=side_effect%1:19:00:: | definition=any adverse and unwanted secondary effect | synonyms=fallout | examples=a strategy to contain the fallout from the accounting scandal
2. sense_key=side_effect%1:26:00:: | definition=a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy | examples=severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `side_effect`
    *   Target surface form: `side effects`
    *   Context: A medical text discussing the administration of Alimta (anticancer chemotherapy), dosage, and the management of adverse reactions ("To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid...", "...patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects").
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `side_effect%1:19:00::`: any adverse and unwanted secondary effect (synonym: fallout; example: accounting scandal).
        2.  `side_effect%1:26:00::`: a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy (example: severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug).

    *   The context is explicitly about a drug (Alimta, chemotherapy).
    *   The "side effects" mentioned are related to the administration of this drug.
    *   Sense 1 is a general sense (often used metaphorically or for non-medical situations, like a scandal).
    *   Sense 2 is specifically for drugs or therapy.

    *   Sense 2 is the precise fit for a medical context involving chemotherapy.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: use
Context:
The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for <t>use</t> in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%1:04:01:: | definition=(psychology) an automatic pattern of behavior in reaction to a specific situation; may be inherited or acquired through frequent repetition | synonyms=habit | examples=owls have nocturnal habits; she had a habit twirling the ends of her hair
2. sense_key=use%1:22:00:: | definition=(economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing | synonyms=consumption, economic consumption, usance, use of goods and services | examples=the consumption of energy has increased steadily
3. sense_key=use%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=function, purpose, role | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
4. sense_key=use%1:04:02:: | definition=exerting shrewd or devious influence especially for one's own advantage | synonyms=manipulation | examples=his manipulation of his friends was scandalous
5. sense_key=use%1:07:03:: | definition=(law) the exercise of the legal right to enjoy the benefits of owning property | synonyms=enjoyment | examples=we were given the use of his boat
6. sense_key=use%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of using | synonyms=usage, utilization, utilisation, employment, exercise | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs; skilled in the utilization of computers
7. sense_key=use%1:07:02:: | definition=a particular service | examples=he put his knowledge to good use; patrons have their uses

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `use`
    *   Target surface form: `use`
    *   Context: "Alimta is not recommended for <t>use</t> in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `use%1:04:01::`: habit (psychology)
        2.  `use%1:22:00::`: consumption of economic goods (economics)
        3.  `use%1:07:00::`: function, purpose, role
        4.  `use%1:04:02::`: manipulation (shrewd/devious influence)
        5.  `use%1:07:03::`: legal right to enjoy property (law)
        6.  `use%1:04:00::`: the act of using (usage, utilization, employment, exercise)
        7.  `use%1:07:02::`: a particular service

    *   The sentence says "Alimta is not recommended for use in patients...".
    *   "Alimta" is a medication.
    *   "Use" here refers to the administration or application of the medication to a patient.
    *   This matches the general act of using something (utilization/employment).

    *   Sense 1 (habit): Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (economic consumption): Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3 (function/purpose): Incorrect. "Alimta is not recommended for [its purpose] in patients..." doesn't fit as well as "the act of using it".
    *   Sense 4 (manipulation): Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5 (legal right): Incorrect.
    *   Sense 6 (the act of using): Correct. "Alimta is not recommended for [the act of using/utilization] in patients...". Example: "he warned against the use of narcotic drugs". This is a perfect match for medical usage.
    *   Sense 7 (particular service): Incorrect.

    *   Sense 6: `use%1:04:00::` | definition=the act of using | synonyms=usage, utilization, utilisation, employment, exercise | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in <t>patients</t> with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `patient`
    *   Target surface form: `patients`
    *   Context: A medical text describing the dosage and administration of a drug (Alimta), mentioning "patients should take a corticosteroid", "patients whose blood counts are abnormal", and "Alimta is not recommended for use in <t>patients</t> with moderate or severe kidney problems."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `patient%1:18:00::`: a person who requires medical care.
        2.  `patient%1:10:00::`: the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent... (linguistics term).

    *   The context is clearly medical, discussing drug dosage, side effects, and contraindications for people receiving treatment.
    *   The word "patients" refers to the people receiving the medication Alimta.

    *   Sense 1: "a person who requires medical care" - This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "the semantic role of an entity..." - This is a linguistic term and does not fit the context.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: moderate
Target surface form: moderate
Context:
The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with <t>moderate</t> or severe kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=moderate%5:00:00:mild:00 | definition=not extreme | synonyms=temperate | examples=a moderate penalty; temperate in his response to criticism
2. sense_key=moderate%3:00:00:: | definition=being within reasonable or average limits; not excessive or extreme | examples=moderate prices; a moderate income
3. sense_key=moderate%5:00:00:temperate:00 | definition=marked by avoidance of extravagance or extremes | synonyms=restrained | examples=moderate in his demands; restrained in his response

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `moderate`
    *   Target surface form: `moderate`
    *   Context: "Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with <t>moderate</t> or severe kidney problems."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `moderate%5:00:00:mild:00`: not extreme (synonym: temperate; examples: a moderate penalty, temperate in his response to criticism).
        2.  `moderate%3:00:00::`: being within reasonable or average limits; not excessive or extreme (examples: moderate prices, a moderate income).
        3.  `moderate%5:00:00:temperate:00`: marked by avoidance of extravagance or extremes (synonym: restrained; examples: moderate in his demands, restrained in his response).

    *   The word "moderate" describes "kidney problems".
    *   In a medical context, "moderate" refers to the severity of a condition.
    *   It is contrasted with "severe" ("moderate or severe kidney problems").
    *   This implies a scale of severity: mild -> moderate -> severe.

    *   Sense 1: "not extreme" (synonym: mild). This fits the medical context of severity (mild/moderate/severe).
    *   Sense 2: "being within reasonable or average limits; not excessive or extreme" (examples: prices, income). This is more about quantity or level rather than severity of a condition.
    *   Sense 3: "marked by avoidance of extravagance or extremes" (synonym: restrained). This describes a person's behavior or character.

    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "mild" in the sense key and "not extreme" in the definition. In medical terminology, "moderate" is the middle ground between "mild" and "severe".
    *   Sense 2 is more about "average" or "reasonable" (e.g., moderate prices).
    *   Sense 3 is about behavioral restraint.

    *   The context "moderate or severe kidney problems" clearly refers to the degree of severity. Sense 1 ("not extreme", "mild") is the best fit for describing the intensity or severity of a medical condition.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: severe
Target surface form: severe
Context:
The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or <t>severe</t> kidney problems. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:strong:00 | definition=very strong or vigorous | synonyms=hard, knockout | examples=strong winds; a hard left to the chin
2. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality | synonyms=terrible, wicked | examples=severe pain; a severe case of flu
3. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=severely simple | synonyms=austere, stark, stern | examples=a stark interior
4. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:critical:03 | definition=causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm | synonyms=dangerous, grave, grievous, serious, life-threatening | examples=a dangerous operation; a grave situation
5. sense_key=severe%5:00:01:bad:00 | definition=very bad in degree or extent | examples=a severe worldwide depression; the house suffered severe damage
6. sense_key=severe%5:00:02:nonindulgent:00 | definition=unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; - H.G.Wells | synonyms=spartan | examples=a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `severe`
    *   Target surface form: `severe`
    *   Context: "Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or <t>severe</t> kidney problems."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `strong:00`: very strong or vigorous (e.g., strong winds).
        2.  `intense:00`: intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality (e.g., severe pain, severe case of flu).
        3.  `plain:01`: severely simple (e.g., stark interior).
        4.  `critical:03`: causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm (e.g., dangerous operation, grave situation).
        5.  `bad:00`: very bad in degree or extent (e.g., severe worldwide depression, severe damage).
        6.  `nonindulgent:00`: unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment (e.g., severe parent).

    *   The phrase is "moderate or severe kidney problems."
    *   "Kidney problems" refers to a medical condition or impairment.
    *   "Moderate or severe" describes the degree of the impairment.

    *   Sense 1 (strong): Not applicable (not about physical strength or vigor).
    *   Sense 2 (intense): "intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality" (examples: severe pain, severe case of flu). This fits medical conditions well.
    *   Sense 3 (plain): Not applicable (not about simplicity).
    *   Sense 4 (critical): "causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm" (examples: dangerous operation). While severe kidney problems can be dangerous, the word "severe" here describes the *degree* of the problem, not necessarily the *fear* it causes.
    *   Sense 5 (bad): "very bad in degree or extent" (examples: severe worldwide depression, severe damage). This is very similar to Sense 2.
    *   Sense 6 (nonindulgent): Not applicable (not about discipline).

    *   Sense 2: "intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality" (Examples: severe pain; a severe case of flu).
    *   Sense 5: "very bad in degree or extent" (Examples: severe worldwide depression; the house suffered severe damage).

    In medical contexts, "severe" usually refers to the intensity or degree of a disease or symptom. "Severe case of flu" (Sense 2) is a very close parallel to "severe kidney problems." Sense 5 is more general (depression, damage).

    Let's re-examine Sense 2: "intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality".
    Let's re-examine Sense 5: "very bad in degree or extent".

    Comparing "severe case of flu" (Sense 2) and "severe damage" (Sense 5). "Kidney problems" is a medical condition, similar to a "case of flu".

    Wait, let me look at the WordNet structure if possible. Often, "severe" in medical contexts (like "severe pain" or "severe illness") is mapped to the sense describing intensity of a negative state.

    Sense 2: `intense:00` - "intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality"
    Sense 5: `bad:00` - "very bad in degree or extent"

    "Kidney problems" are a medical condition. "Severe" here describes the degree of impairment.
    Example for Sense 2: "severe pain", "severe case of flu".
    Example for Sense 5: "severe worldwide depression", "severe damage".

    "Severe kidney problems" is more like "a severe case of flu" than "severe damage" to a house.

    Sense 2 seems the most appropriate for medical conditions/symptoms.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problems
Context:
The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney <t>problems</t>. For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `problem`
    *   Target surface form: `problems`
    *   Context: "Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney <t>problems</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `problem%1:09:00::`: a source of difficulty (synonym: trouble)
        2.  `problem%1:10:00::`: a question raised for consideration or solution (e.g., homework problems)
        3.  `problem%1:26:00::`: a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved (synonym: job)

    *   The phrase is "kidney problems".
    *   In a medical context, "kidney problems" refers to medical conditions, malfunctions, or diseases affecting the kidneys.
    *   This is a "source of difficulty" or a "medical trouble".

    *   Sense 1: "a source of difficulty" (synonym: trouble). "Kidney problems" = "kidney trouble". This fits well.
    *   Sense 2: "a question raised for consideration or solution". This is for math problems or logic puzzles. Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved". This often refers to interpersonal or situational difficulties (e.g., "having problems" in a marriage). While a medical condition is a state of difficulty, "source of difficulty" (Sense 1) is a more standard way to describe a medical ailment/trouble in WordNet's structure for "problem" when used as "trouble".

    *   Sense 1: "a source of difficulty" / "trouble".
    *   Sense 3: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
    *   Comparing "kidney trouble" (Sense 1) vs "kidney state of difficulty" (Sense 3).
    *   Usually, "health problems" or "kidney problems" are categorized as "troubles" or "sources of difficulty" (Sense 1). Sense 3 is more about a situation (e.g., "we have a problem here").

    *   Sense 1: "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?"
    *   Sense 3: "she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him"
    *   "Kidney problems" is much closer to "trouble" (Sense 1) than to the interpersonal/situational "problems" in Sense 3.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit for medical issues/troubles.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For <t>more</t> information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%3:00:02:: | definition=(comparative of `many' used with count nouns) quantifier meaning greater in number | examples=a hall with more seats; we have no more bananas
2. sense_key=more%3:00:01:: | definition=(comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree | synonyms=more than | examples=more land; more support

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "more"
    *   Target surface form: "more"
    *   Context: "For <t>more</t> information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `more%3:00:02`: comparative of 'many' (count nouns), greater in number.
        2.  `more%3:00:01`: comparative of 'much' (mass nouns), greater in size, amount, extent, or degree.

    *   The word "more" modifies "information".
    *   "Information" is an uncountable (mass) noun in English. You don't say "three informations".

    *   Sense 1 is for count nouns (e.g., "more seats", "more bananas").
    *   Sense 2 is for mass nouns (e.g., "more land", "more support").

    *   Since "information" is a mass noun, Sense 2 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: information
Target surface form: information
Context:
It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects. Alimta is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe kidney problems. For more <t>information</t>, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR). How does Alimta work?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=information%1:10:02:: | definition=formal accusation of a crime
2. sense_key=information%1:10:00:: | definition=a message received and understood | synonyms=info
3. sense_key=information%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction
4. sense_key=information%1:07:00:: | definition=(communication theory) a numerical measure of the uncertainty of an outcome | synonyms=selective information, entropy | examples=the signal contained thousands of bits of information
5. sense_key=information%1:14:00:: | definition=a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn | synonyms=data | examples=statistical data

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `information`
    *   Context: "For more <t>information</t>, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (also part of the EPAR)."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Formal accusation of a crime.
        2.  A message received and understood (info).
        3.  Knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction.
        4.  (Communication theory) Numerical measure of uncertainty (entropy).
        5.  A collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn (data).

    *   The sentence "For more information, see the Summary of Product Characteristics" is a standard phrase used to direct a reader to a source of knowledge or facts about a product (in this case, a medication called Alimta).
    *   It refers to the general body of knowledge or facts available about the drug.

    *   Sense 1 (accusation): Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (message received): This usually refers to a specific piece of communication (e.g., "I received information that the train was late").
    *   Sense 3 (knowledge acquired): This is a broad sense of "information" as knowledge or facts provided to someone.
    *   Sense 4 (communication theory): Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5 (collection of facts/data): This usually refers to raw data used for analysis (e.g., "the statistical information showed a trend").

    *   Sense 3 ("knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction") fits best because the "Summary of Product Characteristics" provides knowledge/instruction about the drug.
    *   Sense 2 is too narrow (a specific message).
    *   Sense 5 is too specific to data/statistics.

    *   In the phrase "For more information," the word "information" almost always maps to the general sense of knowledge or facts (Sense 3).