[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: basic
Target surface form: basic
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most <t>basic</t> workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=basic%5:00:00:standard:01 | definition=reduced to the simplest and most significant form possible without loss of generality | synonyms=canonic, canonical | examples=a basic story line; a canonical syllable pattern
2. sense_key=basic%5:00:02:first:00 | definition=serving as a base or starting point | synonyms=introductory | examples=a basic course in Russian; basic training for raw recruits
3. sense_key=basic%3:00:00:: | definition=pertaining to or constituting a base or basis | examples=a basic fact; the basic ingredients
4. sense_key=basic%5:00:00:alkaline:00 | definition=of or denoting or of the nature of or containing a base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "basic"
    *   Context: "...fundamental insights about the most <t>basic</t> workings of cancer..."
    *   Surrounding context: "fundamental insights", "basic research", "workings of cancer".

    *   Sense 1: `basic%5:00:00:standard:01` - reduced to the simplest and most significant form possible without loss of generality (canonic, canonical).
    *   Sense 2: `basic%5:00:02:first:00` - serving as a base or starting point (introductory).
    *   Sense 3: `basic%3:00:00::` - pertaining to or constituting a base or basis (e.g., a basic fact, basic ingredients).
    *   Sense 4: `basic%5:00:00:alkaline:00` - alkaline (chemistry).

    *   The phrase is "the most basic workings of cancer".
    *   It is paired with "fundamental insights".
    *   It refers to the core, underlying mechanisms (the basis) of how cancer works.
    *   Sense 1 (canonical/simplest form) doesn't quite fit the "fundamental/underlying" meaning here.
    *   Sense 2 (introductory/starting point) doesn't fit; it's not an "introductory" working of cancer.
    *   Sense 3 (pertaining to or constituting a base or basis) fits perfectly. "Basic workings" = the fundamental/underlying mechanisms.
    *   Sense 4 (alkaline) is irrelevant.

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit for "fundamental/underlying".


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of <t>cancer</t>, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
2. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
4. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer
5. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: A text discussing the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, genetic probes, risk of developing "the rare cancer," "predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer," "field of cancer study," and "basic workings of <t>cancer</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Zodiacal constellation.
        2.  Fourth sign of the zodiac.
        3.  Malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal cell division.
        4.  Genus of the family Cancridae (crabs).
        5.  Person born under the sign of Cancer.

    *   The context is medical/biological.
    *   Keywords: "tumor-suppressor gene," "retinoblastoma," "genetic probes," "malignant growth," "National Cancer Institute," "treatment," "basic research."
    *   The target word `<t>cancer</t>` refers to the disease caused by abnormal cell growth.

    *   Sense 1: Constellation (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Zodiac sign (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Malignant growth or tumor (Correct)
    *   Sense 4: Genus of crabs (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Person born under Cancer (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 3 matches the medical context perfectly.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "<t>says</t> Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon
2. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
3. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
4. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
5. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
6. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
8. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
9. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
10. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
11. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `say`
    *   Target surface form: `says`
    *   Context: "...'It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer,' <t>says</t> Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute."
    *   The word "says" is used here to attribute a direct quote to a person (Samuel Broder).

    *   1: indicate (e.g., clock says noon) - Incorrect.
    *   2: speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way (e.g., pronounce French words) - Incorrect.
    *   3: utter aloud (e.g., said 'Hello') - This is about the physical act of speaking a specific word/phrase.
    *   4: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare (e.g., I say let's forget this) - This is more about proposing or declaring a position.
    *   5: express in words (synonyms: state, tell) (e.g., He said that he wanted to marry her) - This is a general sense of communicating information.
    *   6: recite or repeat a fixed text (e.g., Say grace) - Incorrect.
    *   7: report or maintain (synonyms: allege, aver) (e.g., He alleged that he was the victim) - This is often used for claims that might be disputed.
    *   8: have or contain a certain wording or form (synonyms: read) (e.g., What does the law say?) - Incorrect.
    *   9: give instructions to or direct somebody (synonyms: order, tell) - Incorrect.
    *   10: communicate or express nonverbally - Incorrect.
    *   11: express a supposition (synonyms: suppose) - Incorrect.

    *   The context is a direct quote: "'It turns out that... cancer,' says Samuel Broder..."
    *   This is the standard way of attributing a statement.
    *   Sense 5 ("express in words", synonyms: state, tell) is the most general and fitting for reporting a statement or a quote.
    *   Sense 3 ("utter aloud") is more about the physical act of speaking.
    *   Sense 7 ("report or maintain") is more about alleging something.
    *   Sense 4 ("state as one's opinion or judgement") is close, but "express in words" (Sense 5) is the standard attribution sense for quotes in journalism/writing.

    *   Sense 5: "express in words" (synonyms: state, tell). Example: "He said that he wanted to marry her."
    *   In the context, Samuel Broder is expressing his thoughts/findings in words.

    *   Sense 3: "utter aloud". Example: "She said 'Hello' to everyone". This is more about the specific utterance.
    *   Sense 5: "express in words". Example: "He said that he wanted to marry her". This is about the content of the communication.
    *   Attributing a quote in a news-style text ("...says Samuel Broder") is typically mapped to the general "express in words" or "state" sense.

    *   Sense 5 is the most appropriate for attributing a statement of fact or opinion in this manner.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: director
Target surface form: director
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, <t>director</t> of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=director%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who controls resources and expenditures | synonyms=manager, managing director
2. sense_key=director%1:18:04:: | definition=the person who directs the making of a film | synonyms=film director
3. sense_key=director%1:18:03:: | definition=member of a board of directors
4. sense_key=director%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who supervises the actors and directs the action in the production of a show | synonyms=theater director, theatre director
5. sense_key=director%1:18:01:: | definition=the person who leads a musical group | synonyms=conductor, music director

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `director`
    *   Target surface form: `director`
    *   Context: "...says Samuel Broder, <t>director</t> of the National Cancer Institute."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `director%1:18:00::`: someone who controls resources and expenditures (manager, managing director)
        2.  `director%1:18:04::`: the person who directs the making of a film (film director)
        3.  `director%1:18:03::`: member of a board of directors
        4.  `director%1:18:02::`: someone who supervises the actors and directs the action in the production of a show (theater director)
        5.  `director%1:18:01::`: the person who leads a musical group (conductor, music director)

    *   The context is "Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute."
    *   The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is an organization/institution.
    *   Samuel Broder is the head/leader of this organization.

    *   Sense 1: "someone who controls resources and expenditures" (manager, managing director). This fits the role of the head of an institute.
    *   Sense 2: Film director. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Member of a board of directors. (While he might be on a board, "director of the [Organization]" usually refers to the head/manager of the organization, not just one member of a board).
    *   Sense 4: Theater director. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Music director/conductor. (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 1 describes a manager or managing director. The head of the National Cancer Institute is the chief executive/manager of that organization.
    *   Sense 3 describes a member of a board. Usually, "The Director of [Organization]" refers to the top executive, whereas "a director" refers to a board member.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit for the head of an institute.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: public
Target surface form: public
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the <t>public</t>, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=public%1:14:01:: | definition=a body of people sharing some common interest | examples=the reading public
2. sense_key=public%1:14:00:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, world | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `public`
    *   Target surface form: `public`
    *   Context: "...All this may not be obvious to the <t>public</t>, which is concerned about advances in treatment..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `public%1:14:01::`: a body of people sharing some common interest (Example: the reading public)
        2.  `public%1:14:00::`: people in general considered as a whole (Synonyms: populace, world; Example: he is a hero in the eyes of the public)

    *   The sentence says: "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment..."
    *   The "public" here refers to the general population, the average person, or people in general, as opposed to the scientists/experts mentioned earlier in the text.
    *   It doesn't refer to a specific group sharing a *particular* common interest (like "the reading public" or "the sporting public"), but rather the general populace.

    *   Sense 1: "a body of people sharing some common interest" (Specific group).
    *   Sense 2: "people in general considered as a whole" (General population).

    *   The context "obvious to the public" clearly points to the general population.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: concerned
Target surface form: concerned
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is <t>concerned</t> about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=concerned%5:00:00:involved:00 | definition=involved in or affected by or having a claim to or share in | synonyms=interested | examples=a memorandum to those concerned; an enterprise in which three men are concerned
2. sense_key=concerned%5:00:01:involved:00 | definition=culpably involved | synonyms=implicated | examples=all those concerned in the bribery case have been identified; named three officials implicated in the plot
3. sense_key=concerned%3:00:00:: | definition=feeling or showing worry or solicitude | examples=concerned parents of youthful offenders; was concerned about the future

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `concerned`
    *   Target surface form: `concerned`
    *   Context: "...All this may not be obvious to the public, which is <t>concerned</t> about advances in treatment..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `involved in or affected by or having a claim to or share in` (synonym: interested)
        2.  `culpably involved` (synonym: implicated)
        3.  `feeling or showing worry or solicitude` (example: "concerned parents", "concerned about the future")

    *   The sentence says: "...the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment..."
    *   The public is interested in/worried about/focused on whether treatments are improving.
    *   In this context, "concerned about" usually means feeling worry or anxiety, or having a strong interest/solicitude regarding a particular outcome.

    *   Sense 1: "involved in or affected by". While the public is "affected by" treatment advances, "concerned about" in this specific phrasing ("concerned about [something]") typically aligns with worry or solicitude.
    *   Sense 2: "culpably involved". Definitely not. The public isn't culpably involved in treatment advances.
    *   Sense 3: "feeling or showing worry or solicitude". This fits perfectly. "Concerned about advances in treatment" means the public is anxious or worried about whether treatments are improving or when they will.

    *   Sense 3 is the standard meaning for "concerned about [a problem/future/outcome]".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: advance
Target surface form: advances
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about <t>advances</t> in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=advance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of moving forward (as toward a goal) | synonyms=progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion
2. sense_key=advance%1:10:00:: | definition=a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others | synonyms=overture, approach, feeler | examples=she rejected his advances
3. sense_key=advance%1:04:01:: | definition=increase in price or value | synonyms=rise | examples=the news caused a general advance on the stock market
4. sense_key=advance%1:21:00:: | definition=an amount paid before it is earned | synonyms=cash advance
5. sense_key=advance%1:11:00:: | definition=a movement forward | synonyms=progress, progression | examples=he listened for the progress of the troops
6. sense_key=advance%1:11:01:: | definition=a change for the better; progress in development | synonyms=improvement, betterment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `advance`
    *   Target surface form: `advances`
    *   Context: "...the public, which is concerned about <t>advances</t> in treatment..."
    *   Meaning: The public is interested in progress or improvements in medical treatment for cancer.

    *   Sense 1: `advance%1:04:00::` - the act of moving forward (as toward a goal). (General progress/motion)
    *   Sense 2: `advance%1:10:00::` - a tentative suggestion designed to elicit reactions (e.g., romantic advances). (Not applicable)
    *   Sense 3: `advance%1:04:01::` - increase in price or value. (Not applicable)
    *   Sense 4: `advance%1:21:00::` - an amount paid before it is earned. (Not applicable)
    *   Sense 5: `advance%1:11:00::` - a movement forward (e.g., troops). (Physical movement)
    *   Sense 6: `advance%1:11:01::` - a change for the better; progress in development. (Improvement, betterment)

    *   The context "advances in treatment" refers to scientific or medical progress, improvements in how cancer is treated.
    *   Sense 6 ("a change for the better; progress in development") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 1 ("the act of moving forward") is more about the process of moving toward a goal, whereas "advances in treatment" usually refers to the breakthroughs or improvements themselves.

    *   Sense 6: "a change for the better; progress in development" (synonyms: improvement, betterment). This is the standard meaning for "medical advances" or "technological advances."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in <t>treatment</t>, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
3. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased
4. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `treatment`
    *   Context: "...All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in <t>treatment</t>, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses genetic probes, retinoblastoma suppressor genes, cancer study, and the National Cancer Institute. The focus is on medical research and cancer.

    *   Sense 1: `treatment%1:07:00::` - manner of dealing with something artistically (e.g., architecture). -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: `treatment%1:04:00::` - care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury). Synonyms: intervention. -> Highly applicable (medical context, cancer).
    *   Sense 3: `treatment%1:10:00::` - an extended communication dealing with some particular topic. Synonyms: discussion, discourse. -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: `treatment%1:04:01::` - the management of someone or something. Synonyms: handling. -> Not applicable.

    *   The context is explicitly about cancer, genetic research, and the National Cancer Institute.
    *   "Advances in treatment" in the context of cancer refers to medical procedures or applications intended to relieve the illness.
    *   This matches Sense 2 perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: basic
Target surface form: basic
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this <t>basic</t> research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=basic%5:00:00:standard:01 | definition=reduced to the simplest and most significant form possible without loss of generality | synonyms=canonic, canonical | examples=a basic story line; a canonical syllable pattern
2. sense_key=basic%5:00:02:first:00 | definition=serving as a base or starting point | synonyms=introductory | examples=a basic course in Russian; basic training for raw recruits
3. sense_key=basic%3:00:00:: | definition=pertaining to or constituting a base or basis | examples=a basic fact; the basic ingredients
4. sense_key=basic%5:00:00:alkaline:00 | definition=of or denoting or of the nature of or containing a base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "basic"
    *   Context: "...I am convinced this <t>basic</t> research will begin showing results there soon."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses genetic probes, cancer-suppressor genes, and "fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer." The speaker (Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute) is contrasting "advances in treatment" (applied research) with "basic research" (fundamental research).

    *   Sense 1: `reduced to the simplest and most significant form possible without loss of generality` (canonic, canonical). Example: "a basic story line". (Doesn't fit "basic research").
    *   Sense 2: `serving as a base or starting point` (introductory). Example: "a basic course in Russian". (Doesn't fit "basic research" in a scientific context).
    *   Sense 3: `pertaining to or constituting a base or basis`. Example: "a basic fact; the basic ingredients". (In science, "basic research" refers to research that is fundamental, aimed at increasing knowledge rather than immediate application).
    *   Sense 4: `of or denoting or of the nature of or containing a base` (alkaline). (Chemical sense, doesn't fit).

    *   "Basic research" is a standard term in science meaning fundamental research.
    *   Sense 3 ("pertaining to or constituting a base or basis") aligns with the concept of "fundamental" (which is used earlier in the sentence: "fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer").
    *   Sense 2 ("introductory") is for beginners, not for the nature of the research itself.

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit for "basic research" (fundamental research).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: begin
Target surface form: begin
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will <t>begin</t> showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=begin%2:42:02:: | definition=be the first item or point, constitute the beginning or start, come first in a series | examples=The number `one' begins the sequence; A terrible murder begins the novel
2. sense_key=begin%2:42:04:: | definition=have a beginning, of a temporal event | examples=WW II began in 1939 when Hitler marched into Poland; The company's Asia tour begins next month
3. sense_key=begin%2:32:04:: | definition=begin to speak, understand, read, and write a language | examples=She began Russian at an early age; We started French in fourth grade
4. sense_key=begin%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, get, start out, start, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
5. sense_key=begin%2:32:03:: | definition=begin to speak or say;  he began | examples=Now listen, friends,
6. sense_key=begin%2:41:00:: | definition=achieve or accomplish in the least degree, usually used in the negative | examples=This economic measure doesn't even begin to deal with the problem of inflation; You cannot even begin to understand the problem we had to deal with during the war
7. sense_key=begin%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=lead off, start, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
8. sense_key=begin%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=start | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
9. sense_key=begin%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=start | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
10. sense_key=begin%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=start | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `begin`
    *   Target surface form: `begin`
    *   Context: "...but I am convinced this basic research will <t>begin</t> showing results there soon."
    *   Target phrase: "begin showing results"

    *   Sense 1: be the first item or point (e.g., "The number 'one' begins the sequence").
    *   Sense 2: have a beginning, of a temporal event (e.g., "WW II began in 1939").
    *   Sense 3: begin to speak, understand, read, and write a language (e.g., "She began Russian").
    *   Sense 4: take the first step or steps in carrying out an action (e.g., "We began working at dawn").
    *   Sense 5: begin to speak or say (e.g., "Now listen, friends").
    *   Sense 6: achieve or accomplish in the least degree, usually negative (e.g., "doesn't even begin to deal with").
    *   Sense 7: set in motion, cause to start (e.g., "The U.S. started a war").
    *   Sense 8: have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense (e.g., "The DMZ begins right over the hill").
    *   Sense 9: have a beginning characterized in some specified way (e.g., "The novel begins with a murder").
    *   Sense 10: begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object (e.g., "begin a cigar").

    *   The sentence is: "...this basic research will begin showing results there soon."
    *   Here, "begin" is used as an auxiliary-like verb (aspectual verb) indicating the start of a process ("showing results").
    *   Looking at the senses:
        *   Sense 4: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" (Example: "We began working at dawn"). This fits the pattern "begin [doing something]".
        *   Sense 2: "have a beginning, of a temporal event". This is usually intransitive (e.g., "The tour begins next month").
        *   Sense 7: "set in motion, cause to start". This is transitive and usually involves starting an external event (e.g., "started a war").
        *   Sense 8: "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense". This is usually intransitive.

    *   "begin showing results"
    *   This is a case of "begin" followed by a gerund/present participle.
    *   Sense 4 ("take the first step or steps in carrying out an action") with the example "We began working at dawn" matches this structure and meaning perfectly.

    *   Sense 4: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" (Example: "We began working at dawn").
    *   Context: "research will begin showing results".
    *   The research is starting the action of showing results.

    *   Sense 2: "have a beginning, of a temporal event" (e.g., "WW II began in 1939"). This is about the event itself starting, not the subject starting to perform an action.
    *   Sense 7: "set in motion, cause to start" (e.g., "started a war"). This is about initiating something else.
    *   Sense 4 is the most appropriate for "begin [verb-ing]".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: showing
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin <t>showing</t> results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
2. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
3. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
4. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
5. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
6. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
7. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
8. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
10. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
11. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
12. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `show`
    *   Target surface form: `showing`
    *   Context: "...I am convinced this basic research will begin <t>showing</t> results there soon."
    *   Meaning: The research will start to produce or manifest results.

    *   Sense 1: establish validity (prove, demonstrate) - "The experiment demonstrated the instability..."
    *   Sense 2: indicate a reading (gauges/instruments) - "The thermometer showed..."
    *   Sense 3: make visible or noticeable - "She showed her talent for cooking..."
    *   Sense 4: indicate a place/direction - "I showed the customer the glove section..."
    *   Sense 5: give evidence of (records) - "The diary shows his distress..."
    *   Sense 6: give an exhibition - "She shows her dogs frequently..."
    *   Sense 7: be or become visible or noticeable - "His good upbringing really shows..."
    *   Sense 8: finish third or better in a race.
    *   Sense 9: provide evidence for - "The blood test showed that he was the father..."
    *   Sense 10: take someone to their seats (usher).
    *   Sense 11: show in a picture (depict).
    *   Sense 12: give expression to (express).

    *   The phrase is "showing results".
    *   Does it mean "establishing validity" (Sense 1)? Not exactly, though related.
    *   Does it mean "making visible or noticeable" (Sense 3)? "Showing results" often means the results are becoming apparent or visible.
    *   Does it mean "providing evidence for" (Sense 9)? "The research will provide evidence for results" doesn't sound right.
    *   Does it mean "becoming visible or noticeable" (Sense 7)? "The results will show" (intransitive) fits Sense 7. But here it's "showing results" (transitive).
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "make visible or noticeable". If research "shows results", it makes those results visible or noticeable.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "establish the validity of something". Research showing results often means it's proving something.
    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate "showing results". In common usage, "showing results" means producing results that are observable.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
        *   Sense 1: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
        *   Sense 3: "make visible or noticeable".
    *   If I say "The diet is showing results", it means the results are becoming visible.
    *   If I say "The research is showing results", it means the research is producing observable outcomes.
    *   Let's check Sense 9: "provide evidence for". "The blood test showed that he was the father." This is more about a specific conclusion.
    *   Let's check Sense 1 again: "establish the validity of something". "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound." This is very close to "research showing results".

    *   "this basic research will begin showing results there soon."
    *   This means the research will start to produce outcomes that demonstrate its effectiveness or validity.
    *   Sense 1: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
    *   Sense 3: "make visible or noticeable".
    *   In the context of "showing results", it's more about the *manifestation* of the results.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 3: "She showed her talent for cooking". This is similar to "showing results" (manifesting a quality or outcome).
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound". This is about proving a specific point.
    *   "Showing results" is a very common collocation. Does it mean "proving" or "making visible"?
    *   If a treatment "shows results", it means the results are becoming apparent.
    *   Sense 3: "make visible or noticeable".
    *   Sense 7: "be or become visible or noticeable". (But Sense 7 is intransitive: "His good upbringing really shows"). "Showing results" is transitive.

    *   Sense 1: establish validity (prove, demonstrate).
    *   Sense 3: make visible or noticeable.
    *   Sense 9: provide evidence for.
    *   If the research "shows results", it is *demonstrating* that it works.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: prove, demonstrate, establish.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 9: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence.
    *   Actually, "showing results" is often synonymous with "producing results".
    *   Between 1 and 3, Sense 1 (demonstrate/establish validity) feels slightly more aligned with scientific research "showing results" (i.e., proving the research is effective). However, Sense 3 (make visible) is also very strong for "results showing".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 1: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
    *   If the research "shows results", it is establishing the validity of the research/approach.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "make visible or noticeable".
    *   Example: "She showed her talent for cooking".
    *   "The research showed results" $\approx$ "The research made results visible".

    *   "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound" (Sense 1).
    *   "The blood test showed that he was the father" (Sense 9).
    *   "She showed her talent for cooking" (Sense 3).
    *   "Showing results" in a medical/scientific context usually means the results are becoming apparent (Sense 3) or the research is proving successful (Sense 1).
    *   Wait, "showing results" is almost always used to mean "producing observable effects".
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "make visible or noticeable". This fits "showing results" (making the results visible).

    *   Sense 1: establish validity.
    *   Sense 3: make visible or noticeable.
    *   Sense 9: provide evidence for.
    *   If the research "shows results", it's not necessarily establishing the validity of a *theory* (Sense 1), but rather that the *process* is producing observable effects (Sense 3).
    *   Example: "The new medication is showing results." (The effects are becoming visible).
    *   Example: "The research is showing results." (The outcomes are becoming visible).

    *   Sense 1: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment"
    *   Sense 3: "make visible or noticeable"
    *   Sense 9: "provide evidence for"
    *   In "showing results", the "results" are the things being made visible.
    *   In Sense 1, the "validity" is what is being established.
    *   In Sense 9, the "evidence" is what is being provided.
    *   "Showing results" $\rightarrow$ making results visible. This points strongly to Sense 3.

    *   Sense 3: "make visible or noticeable"
    *   Example: "She showed her talent for cooking" (Her talent became visible through her cooking).
    *   "Research showing results" (The results became visible through the research).
    *   This seems the most fitting.

    *   Sense 1: "establish the validity of something" (The research showed that the gene was responsible).
    *   Sense 3: "make visible or noticeable" (The research is showing results).
    *   The context "will begin showing results there soon" suggests the *appearance* of results.

    *   Sense 1: prove, demonstrate, establish.
    *   Sense 3: (no synonyms listed, but "make visible").
    *   Sense 9: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence.
    *   If you "show results", you are demonstrating that something is working.
    *   Wait, "demonstrate" is a synonym for Sense 1.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
    *   If the research "shows results", it is demonstrating (Sense 1) that the research is valid/effective.
    *   But "results" are the *objects* of the verb "showing".
    *   In Sense 1: "The experiment demonstrated the instability..." (The instability is the thing whose validity/existence is being established).
    *   In "showing results", the "results" are the things being shown.
    *   This matches the structure of Sense 3: "She showed her talent" (Talent is the thing being made visible).

    *   Sense 3: "make visible or noticeable"
    *   Sense 1: "establish the validity of something"
    *   "Showing results" = making results visible.
    *   This fits Sense 3 better than Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: result
Target surface form: results
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing <t>results</t> there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=result%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=solution, answer, resolution, solvent | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book
2. sense_key=result%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
3. sense_key=result%1:10:01:: | definition=the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=resultant role
4. sense_key=result%1:11:00:: | definition=something that results | synonyms=resultant, final result, outcome, termination | examples=he listened for the results on the radio

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `result`
    *   Target surface form: `results`
    *   Context: "...I am convinced this basic research will begin showing <t>results</t> there soon."
    *   Meaning: The speaker is talking about basic research leading to tangible outcomes or effects in the field of cancer treatment.

    *   Sense 1: `result%1:10:00::` - a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem (solution, answer).
    *   Sense 2: `result%1:19:00::` - a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon (consequence, effect, outcome).
    *   Sense 3: `result%1:10:01::` - the semantic role of the noun phrase... (linguistic term).
    *   Sense 4: `result%1:11:00::` - something that results (resultant, final result, outcome).

    *   The context is "basic research will begin showing results there [in treatment]".
    *   "Results" here refers to the outcomes, effects, or tangible findings produced by the research.
    *   Sense 1 (solution/answer) is close, but "showing results" usually refers to the outcomes of a process (research).
    *   Sense 2 (consequence/effect) is very close.
    *   Sense 4 (something that results/outcome) is also very close.

    *   Sense 2: "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon" (consequence, effect, outcome).
    *   Sense 4: "something that results" (resultant, final result, outcome).

    Let's look at the examples:
    *   Sense 2: "the magnetic effect was greater...", "his decision had depressing consequences..."
    *   Sense 4: "he listened for the results on the radio" (like election results or test results).

    In the context "research will begin showing results", it refers to the outcomes or findings of the research. This aligns well with Sense 4 (the outcome of a process/test/study). Sense 2 is more about a causal chain (A caused B). While research causes results, "showing results" is a standard collocation for the outcomes of an effort or study.

    Wait, let's re-evaluate Sense 2 vs Sense 4.
    Sense 2: consequence, effect, outcome.
    Sense 4: resultant, final result, outcome.

    Actually, in many WordNet versions, "results" of research are often categorized as the outcomes (Sense 4) or the effects (Sense 2).
    Looking at the examples again:
    Sense 4: "he listened for the results on the radio" -> This refers to the final outcome of a process (like an election).
    Sense 2: "his decision had depressing consequences" -> This refers to the effect of an action.

    "Research showing results" means the research is producing outcomes/findings. This fits Sense 4 better as it refers to the "something that results" from the activity of research.

    Let's double-check Sense 1: "a statement that solves a problem". Research results can be solutions, but "showing results" is broader than just providing a single answer.

    Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 4 again:
    Sense 2: consequence, effect.
    Sense 4: outcome, final result.

    "Showing results" in a medical/scientific context usually means the research is producing positive outcomes or measurable effects.

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 4: "resultant, final result, outcome, termination".
    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 2: "consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot".

    Actually, "outcome" is in both.
    Sense 4's example "listened for the results on the radio" is very similar to "showing results" (the end product of a process).

    Let's re-read the context: "...this basic research will begin showing results there [in treatment] soon."
    This means the research will lead to tangible improvements or findings in treatment.

    If I search for "showing results" in a corpus, it often means producing a desired effect or outcome.
    Sense 2: "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon".
    Sense 4: "something that results".

    Sense 4 is more general ("something that results"). Sense 2 is more about the causal link ("phenomenon that follows and is caused by").

    In the phrase "showing results", "results" are the outcomes of the research. Sense 4's example (election results) fits the "outcome of a process" pattern better than Sense 2's "consequences of a decision".

    Sense 1: solution/answer.
    Sense 2: consequence/effect.
    Sense 3: linguistic role.
    Sense 4: outcome/resultant.

    "Research showing results" -> The research is producing outcomes. Sense 4 is the most fitting.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: there
Target surface form: there
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results <t>there</t> soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=there%4:02:01:: | definition=to or toward that place; away from the speaker | synonyms=thither | examples=go there around noon!
2. sense_key=there%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at that place | synonyms=at that place, in that location | examples=they have lived there for years; it's not there
3. sense_key=there%4:02:02:: | definition=in that matter | synonyms=in that respect, on that point | examples=I agree with you there

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "there"
    *   Target surface form: "there"
    *   Context: "...I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results <t>there</t> soon."
    *   Surrounding context: The speaker (Samuel Broder) is talking about basic research into cancer-suppressor genes and how it provides fundamental insights into the workings of cancer. He mentions that the public is concerned about advances in treatment, but he believes basic research will show results "there" soon.

    *   Sense 1: `there%4:02:01::` - to or toward that place; away from the speaker (directional).
    *   Sense 2: `there%4:02:00::` - in or at that place (locational).
    *   Sense 3: `there%4:02:02::` - in that matter; in that respect; on that point (abstract/metaphorical location).

    *   The sentence is: "...I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon."
    *   What does "there" refer to?
        *   Does it refer to a physical place (Sense 1 or 2)? No.
        *   Does it refer to a specific matter or respect? Yes. In this context, "there" refers to the "advances in treatment" or the general area of cancer treatment/results mentioned in the previous clause ("the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment").
    *   The speaker is saying that basic research will eventually lead to results *in that area* (treatment).

    *   Sense 3 ("in that matter", "in that respect") fits perfectly. It's used to refer back to a previously mentioned topic or point (advances in treatment).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja <t>made</t> his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
2. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
3. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
4. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
5. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
6. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
7. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
8. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
9. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
10. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
11. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
12. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
13. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
14. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
15. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
16. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
17. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
18. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
19. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
20. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug
21. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
22. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
23. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
24. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
25. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
26. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
27. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
28. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
29. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
30. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
31. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
32. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
33. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
36. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
37. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
38. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
39. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
40. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
43. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
44. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
45. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
46. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
47. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
48. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
49. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `make`
    *   Target surface form: `made`
    *   Context: "Dr. Dryja <t>made</t> his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986."
    *   Meaning: Dr. Dryja achieved or performed the act of discovering the retinoblastoma gene.

    *   1: give certain properties to something (e.g., make someone mad) - No.
    *   2: cause to be enjoyable (e.g., make my day) - No.
    *   3: cause to do (e.g., induce) - No.
    *   4: develop into (e.g., make a splendid father) - No.
    *   5: behave in a certain way (e.g., make merry) - No.
    *   6: change from one form into another (e.g., water into wine) - No.
    *   7: represent fictitiously (e.g., pretend) - No.
    *   8: put in order (e.g., make the bed) - No.
    *   9: be or be capable of being changed into (e.g., make a great host) - No.
    *   10: undergo fabrication (e.g., wool makes into a sweater) - No.
    *   11: perform or carry out (e.g., make a decision; make a move) - *Possible*. "Make a discovery" is a common collocation for performing the act of discovering.
    *   12: give rise to; cause to happen (e.g., make a stir) - No.
    *   13: earn money - No.
    *   14: gather and light materials (e.g., make a fire) - No.
    *   15: be suitable for (e.g., wood makes good furniture) - No.
    *   16: head into a direction (e.g., make for the mountains) - No.
    *   17: make, formulate, or derive in the mind (e.g., draw a conclusion) - *Possible*, but "discovery" is more of an action/achievement.
    *   18: create by artistic means (e.g., create a poem) - No.
    *   19: favor the development of (e.g., practice makes the winner) - No.
    *   20: eliminate urine - No.
    *   21: charge with a function (e.g., made president) - No.
    *   22: organize or be responsible for (e.g., hold a reception) - No.
    *   23: bowel movement - No.
    *   24: reach a destination - No.
    *   25: add up to (e.g., 4+4=8) - No.
    *   26: induce to have sex - No.
    *   27: compel to act - No.
    *   28: consider as being - No.
    *   29: institute, enact (e.g., make laws) - No.
    *   30: act in a certain way to acquire (e.g., make friends) - No.
    *   31: compose or represent (e.g., form the background) - No.
    *   32: prepare for eating - No.
    *   33: create or manufacture a man-made product - No.
    *   34: constitute the essence of - No.
    *   35: amount to - No.
    *   36: engage in (e.g., make love, make an effort) - *Possible*.
    *   37: carry out or commit (e.g., make a mistake) - *Possible*.
    *   38: achieve a point or goal (e.g., get 4 goals) - No.
    *   39: make by shaping constituents (e.g., make a cake) - No.
    *   40: calculate as being - No.
    *   41: assure the success of - No.
    *   42: appear to begin an activity - No.
    *   43: make by combining materials (e.g., build a house) - No.
    *   44: make or cause to be or to become (e.g., make a mess) - No.
    *   45: create or design (e.g., do my room in blue) - No.
    *   46: reach a goal (e.g., make the first team) - No.
    *   47: form by assembling individuals - No.
    *   48: reach in time - No.
    *   49: proceed along a path - No.

    *   Sense 11: "perform or carry out" (examples: make a decision; make a move).
    *   Sense 36: "engage in" (examples: make love, not war; make an effort).
    *   Sense 37: "carry out or commit" (examples: make a mistake; commit a faux-pas).

    "Make a discovery" is a standard collocation. Does it mean "perform or carry out" (11), "engage in" (36), or "carry out or commit" (37)?
    "Make a discovery" is more about the act of discovering. "Perform or carry out" (11) fits well with "make a decision" or "make a move." "Carry out or commit" (37) is often used for mistakes or crimes.

    Let's re-examine Sense 11: "perform or carry out".
    Example: "make a decision", "make a move".
    "Make a discovery" fits this pattern of "make + [noun representing an action/achievement]".

    Wait, let's look at Sense 12: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur". No.
    Sense 17: "make, formulate, or derive in the mind". No.

    Let's compare Sense 11 and Sense 36 again.
    Sense 11: perform or carry out.
    Sense 36: engage in.
    "Make a discovery" is more like performing the act of discovery than engaging in it.

    Let's check if there's a better sense.
    Sense 11: perform or carry out.
    Sense 37: carry out or commit. (Usually negative: mistake, faux-pas).

    Is "make a discovery" more like "perform an action" (11)? Yes.

    Let's double-check other options.
    Sense 11: perform or carry out.
    Sense 36: engage in.
    Sense 37: carry out or commit.

    In many WordNet-based datasets, "make a discovery" is mapped to the sense of "perform or carry out".

    Let's look at the context again: "Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986."
    This means he performed the act of discovering.

    Sense 11: perform or carry out.
    Example: make a decision, make a move.
    This seems the most appropriate.

    Wait, let me check if "make a discovery" could be "create" (Sense 33, 44, 45). No, you don't create a discovery; you make one.

    Let's re-verify Sense 11.
    Sense 11: perform or carry out.
    Sense 36: engage in.
    Sense 37: carry out or commit.

    "Make a discovery" is very similar to "make a decision" (Sense 11).

    Let's check if there are any other possibilities.
    Sense 12: give rise to; cause to happen. (No)
    Sense 17: formulate in the mind. (No)

    Comparing 11 and 36:
    11: perform or carry out (decision, move)
    36: engage in (love, effort)
    "Make a discovery" is an achievement/action. "Perform or carry out" is a better fit than "engage in".

    Comparing 11 and 37:
    11: perform or carry out (decision, move)
    37: carry out or commit (mistake, faux-pas)
    "Discovery" is positive, "mistake" is negative. Sense 11 is more general.

    Therefore, Sense 11 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discovery
Context:
This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma <t>discovery</t> in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
3. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `discovery`
    *   Target surface form: `discovery`
    *   Context: "Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma <t>discovery</t> in 1986."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses the identification of a gene that controls retinal cell growth, which opened a field of cancer study. It mentions "the initial discovery of the gene" and "scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors."

    *   Sense 1: `discovery%1:04:00` - the act of discovering something (the process/action).
    *   Sense 2: `discovery%1:09:00` - a productive insight (breakthrough, find).
    *   Sense 3: `discovery%1:10:00` - something that is discovered (the result/the thing found).
    *   Sense 4: `discovery%1:10:01` - (law) compulsory pretrial disclosure.

    *   The sentence is: "Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986."
    *   Is it the *act* of discovering (Sense 1)? Or the *thing* discovered (Sense 3)? Or a *breakthrough* (Sense 2)?
    *   "Retinoblastoma discovery" refers to the specific finding (the gene).
    *   Comparing Sense 2 (productive insight/breakthrough) and Sense 3 (something that is discovered):
        *   Sense 3 is the most general term for the thing found.
        *   Sense 2 emphasizes the "productive insight" or "breakthrough" nature.
        *   In scientific contexts, "making a discovery" often refers to the result (the thing discovered).
    *   Let's look at the previous sentence: "the initial discovery of the gene... has opened a field of cancer study". Here, "discovery" could be the act or the thing.
    *   In "Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery", "discovery" functions as a noun referring to the specific scientific finding (the gene).
    *   Usually, "made a discovery" refers to the result (Sense 3) or the breakthrough (Sense 2).
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2 vs Sense 3.
        *   Sense 2: "a productive insight" (synonyms: breakthrough, find).
        *   Sense 3: "something that is discovered".
    *   In the phrase "his retinoblastoma discovery", it refers to the specific thing he found (the gene). While it was a breakthrough, the most direct meaning is the thing discovered.
    *   However, in many WordNet-based datasets, "discovery" in the sense of a scientific find is often mapped to "something that is discovered" (Sense 3) or "a productive insight" (Sense 2).
    *   Let's look at the synonyms:
        *   Sense 2: breakthrough, find.
        *   Sense 3: (no synonyms provided in the prompt, but generally "find").
    *   Wait, looking at the provided candidate senses again:
        1. act of discovering
        2. productive insight (breakthrough, find)
        3. something that is discovered
    *   "Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery" -> He found the gene. The "discovery" is the gene/the fact about the gene.
    *   If I say "The discovery of penicillin", is it the act or the thing? It's usually the thing.
    *   Between "something that is discovered" and "a productive insight", "something that is discovered" is the most fundamental definition of a scientific discovery. "Productive insight" is a specific type of discovery.
    *   Let's check common usage in WSD tasks. "Discovery" as a scientific result is typically Sense 3 (something discovered).

    *   Sense 1: Act (process). "The discovery took years."
    *   Sense 2: Insight/Breakthrough. "This discovery changes everything."
    *   Sense 3: The thing discovered. "The discovery of the gene."
    *   In "made his retinoblastoma discovery", it refers to the specific finding. This fits "something that is discovered" (Sense 3) best.

    *   "Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986."
    *   He didn't just "make an act"; he "made a discovery" (found something).
    *   The "discovery" is the gene/finding.
    *   Sense 3: "something that is discovered".

    *   Sense 2 (productive insight) is very close. But "something that is discovered" is the primary meaning of a scientific find.

    *   Sense 1: act of discovering.
    *   Sense 2: productive insight.
    *   Sense 3: something that is discovered.
    *   Sense 4: legal.
    *   The context "made his retinoblastoma discovery" refers to the result of his research. This is "something that is discovered".

    *   Wait, let me double-check if "made a discovery" usually triggers Sense 1 (the act) or Sense 3 (the thing).
    *   "He made a discovery" -> He found something. The "discovery" is the thing found.
    *   If the sentence was "The discovery of the gene took place in 1986", it could be the act.
    *   But "his retinoblastoma discovery" treats "discovery" as a noun phrase referring to the specific finding.

    *   Sense 3 is the most fitting.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: then
Target surface form: Then
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. <t>Then</t> last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=then%4:02:01:: | definition=at that time | examples=I was young then; prices were lower back then
2. sense_key=then%4:02:02:: | definition=in that case or as a consequence | examples=if he didn't take it, then who did?; keep it then if you want to
3. sense_key=then%4:02:00:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=so, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "then"
    *   Target surface form: "Then"
    *   Context: "Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. <t>Then</t> last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `at that time` (e.g., "I was young then")
        2.  `in that case or as a consequence` (e.g., "if he didn't take it, then who did?")
        3.  `subsequently or soon afterward` (e.g., "then he left")

    *   The sentence "Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53..." describes a sequence of events in time.
    *   Event 1: Discovery in 1986.
    *   Event 2: Report last spring.
    *   "Then" connects these two events chronologically.

    *   Sense 1 ("at that time") refers to a specific point in the past already mentioned. If it were sense 1, it would mean "At that time (1986), last spring researchers reported...", which is logically contradictory (1986 is not last spring).
    *   Sense 2 ("in that case or as a consequence") indicates a logical result. The discovery in 1986 didn't necessarily *cause* the report last spring in a logical "if-then" way, but rather it's a chronological sequence.
    *   Sense 3 ("subsequently or soon afterward") indicates a sequence of events. "Dr. Dryja made his discovery in 1986. Subsequently, last spring, researchers reported..." This fits perfectly.

    *   The word "Then" is used as a sentence connector to indicate a subsequent event in a timeline. This matches sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: last
Target surface form: last
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then <t>last</t> spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unalterable:00 | definition=not to be altered or undone | synonyms=final | examples=the judge's decision is final; the arbiter will have the last say
2. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unlikely:00 | definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected; the last man they would have chosen for the job
3. sense_key=last%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
4. sense_key=last%5:00:00:closing:00 | definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
5. sense_key=last%5:00:00:worst:00 | definition=lowest in rank or importance | synonyms=last-place, lowest | examples=last prize; in last place
6. sense_key=last%5:00:00:dying:00 | definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites
7. sense_key=last%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=highest in extent or degree | synonyms=utmost | examples=to the last measure of human endurance; whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually
8. sense_key=last%3:00:00:: | definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
9. sense_key=last%5:00:00:ultimate:00 | definition=conclusive in a process or progression | synonyms=final, net | examples=the final answer; a last resort

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `last`
    *   Target surface form: `last`
    *   Context: "Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then <t>last</t> spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `unalterable`: not to be altered or undone (e.g., "the judge's decision is final").
        2.  `unlikely`: most unlikely or unsuitable (e.g., "the last person we would have suspected").
        3.  `past`: immediately past (e.g., "last Thursday; the last chapter we read").
        4.  `closing`: occurring at or forming an end or termination (e.g., "the final chapter").
        5.  `worst`: lowest in rank or importance (e.g., "last prize").
        6.  `dying`: occurring at the time of death (e.g., "his last words").
        7.  `high`: highest in extent or degree (e.g., "to the last measure of human endurance").
        8.  `coming after all others`: coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining (e.g., "the last time I saw Paris").
        9.  `ultimate`: conclusive in a process or progression (e.g., "the final answer").

    *   The phrase is "last spring".
    *   In this context, "last spring" refers to the spring immediately preceding the time of the writing/speaking.
    *   This matches the definition of "immediately past".

    *   Sense 3: `definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read`.
    *   Sense 8: `definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month`.

    *   "Last spring" (meaning the most recent spring) is a classic example of "immediately past".
    *   Sense 3 specifically lists "last Thursday" as an example, which is structurally identical to "last spring".

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.