[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first <t>time</t> anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
2. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
3. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
4. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
5. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
6. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
7. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
8. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years
9. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
10. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "time"
    *   Target surface form: "time"
    *   Context: "It was the first <t>time</t> anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."

    *   Sense 1: an indefinite period (e.g., "a long time").
    *   Sense 2: a reading of a point in time as given by a clock (e.g., "what time is it?").
    *   Sense 3: a person's experience on a particular occasion (e.g., "had a good time").
    *   Sense 4: an instance or single occasion for some event (e.g., "this time he succeeded", "called four times").
    *   Sense 5: a suitable moment (e.g., "it is time to go").
    *   Sense 6: rhythm (meter).
    *   Sense 7: the fourth coordinate (fourth dimension).
    *   Sense 8: prison term.
    *   Sense 9: a period of time as a resource (e.g., "didn't have time to finish").
    *   Sense 10: the continuum of experience (past, present, future).

    *   The sentence is: "It was the first time anyone had showed..."
    *   Here, "the first time" refers to a specific instance or occasion when something happened.
    *   Comparing this to the candidate senses:
        *   Sense 4: "an instance or single occasion for some event" (Example: "this time he succeeded"). This fits perfectly. "The first time" is an instance of the event (showing that the loss of both copies... could lead to cancer).

    *   Sense 1 (indefinite period) doesn't fit "the first time".
    *   Sense 2 (clock time) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 3 (experience) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 5 (suitable moment) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 10 (continuum) doesn't fit.

    *   The phrase "the first time" clearly indicates a specific instance or occasion. Sense 4 is the best match.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: showed
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had <t>showed</t> that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
2. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
3. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
4. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
5. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
6. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
7. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
8. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
10. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
11. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
12. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 12}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 12}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `show`
    *   Target surface form: `showed`
    *   Context: "It was the first time anyone had <t>showed</t> that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   Meaning: In this scientific context, "showed" means that researchers provided evidence or demonstrated through their findings that a specific biological mechanism (loss of both copies of a gene) leads to a specific outcome (cancer).

    *   Sense 1: `give evidence of, as of records` (e.g., "The diary shows his distress"). (More about records/documents reflecting a state).
    *   Sense 2: `indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments` (e.g., "The thermometer showed..."). (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 3: `give an exhibition of to an interested audience` (e.g., "She shows her dogs"). (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 4: `provide evidence for` (e.g., "The blood test showed that he was the father"). (Strong candidate).
    *   Sense 5: `take (someone) to their seats` (e.g., "The usher showed us"). (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 6: `indicate a place, direction, person, or thing` (e.g., "I showed the customer the glove section"). (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 7: `show in, or as in, a picture` (e.g., "This scene depicts country life"). (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 8: `finish third or better in a horse or dog race`. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 9: `give expression to` (e.g., "She showed her disappointment"). (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 10: `be or become visible or noticeable` (e.g., "His good upbringing really shows"). (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 11: `make visible or noticeable` (e.g., "Show me your etchings"). (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 12: `establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment` (e.g., "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound"). (Strong candidate).

    *   Sense 4: `provide evidence for` (Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence). Example: "The blood test showed that he was the father."
    *   Sense 12: `establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment` (Synonyms: prove, demonstrate, establish). Example: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound."

    *   The context is a scientific discovery: "The team used a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes'... By analyzing cells... they found defects... It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   This is a classic case of establishing a scientific fact or validity through experimental evidence/analysis.
    *   Sense 12 specifically mentions "as by an example, explanation or experiment" and uses the synonym "demonstrate."
    *   Sense 4 is more general ("provide evidence for").
    *   In scientific literature, "showing" that a mechanism leads to a result is typically an act of demonstrating or establishing validity (Sense 12).

    *   Sense 4: "The blood test showed that he was the father." (The test provides evidence for a fact).
    *   Sense 12: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound." (The experiment establishes the validity of a scientific claim).
    *   The target sentence "anyone had showed that the loss of both copies... could lead to..." fits the pattern of Sense 12 (establishing a scientific principle/validity) better than the pattern of Sense 4 (providing evidence for a specific instance/fact).

    *   Sense 12: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment.
    *   Context: "The team used a battery of... gene probes... By analyzing cells... they found defects... It was the first time anyone had showed that [scientific claim]."
    *   This matches Sense 12 perfectly.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: loss
Target surface form: loss
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the <t>loss</t> of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=loss%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of losing someone or something | examples=everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock
2. sense_key=loss%1:22:00:: | definition=gradual decline in amount or activity | examples=weight loss; a serious loss of business
3. sense_key=loss%1:11:01:: | definition=the experience of losing a loved one | examples=he sympathized on the loss of their grandfather
4. sense_key=loss%1:11:00:: | definition=military personnel lost by death or capture | synonyms=personnel casualty
5. sense_key=loss%1:21:01:: | definition=something that is lost | examples=the car was a total loss; loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt
6. sense_key=loss%1:11:02:: | definition=euphemistic expressions for death | synonyms=passing, departure, exit, expiration, going, release | examples=thousands mourned his passing
7. sense_key=loss%1:21:00:: | definition=the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue | synonyms=red ink, red | examples=the company operated at a loss last year; the company operated in the red last year
8. sense_key=loss%1:07:00:: | definition=the disadvantage that results from losing something | synonyms=deprivation | examples=his loss of credibility led to his resignation; losing him is no great deprivation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: length

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `loss`
    *   Target surface form: `loss`
    *   Context: "...the <t>loss</t> of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   Meaning: The disappearance or absence of genetic material (genes).

    *   Sense 1: `the act of losing someone or something` (General act of losing).
    *   Sense 2: `gradual decline in amount or activity` (e.g., weight loss).
    *   Sense 3: `the experience of losing a loved one` (Bereavement).
    *   Sense 4: `military personnel lost by death or capture` (Casualties).
    *   Sense 5: `something that is lost` (The object lost, e.g., a total loss car).
    *   Sense 6: `euphemistic expressions for death` (Passing).
    *   Sense 7: `the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue` (Financial loss).
    *   Sense 8: `the disadvantage that results from losing something` (Deprivation).

    *   The context describes the disappearance of genes ("which gene or genes had disappeared", "defects in the second copy of chromosome 13", "loss of both copies of the same gene").
    *   Is it a "gradual decline" (Sense 2)? Not necessarily; it's the absence/disappearance of the gene.
    *   Is it "the act of losing" (Sense 1)? Yes, the process or fact of the genes being gone.
    *   Is it "something that is lost" (Sense 5)? The "loss of both copies" refers to the state or event of them being gone, rather than the genes themselves being the "loss" (though in some contexts, "the loss" can refer to the thing lost, here it's the event/fact of the loss).
    *   Is it "the disadvantage" (Sense 8)? The loss *leads* to the cancer, but the "loss" itself is the disappearance of the gene, not the resulting disadvantage (the cancer is the result).

    *   Sense 1: "the act of losing someone or something". This is a broad sense that covers the disappearance of a physical or abstract entity.
    *   Sense 2: "gradual decline in amount or activity". Weight loss is a reduction. Gene loss in cancer is often a deletion (a specific event of losing a piece of DNA).
    *   Sense 5: "something that is lost". "The loss of both copies" -> "The [thing that was lost] of both copies" doesn't make grammatical sense. It's "The [act/fact of losing] both copies".

    *   In biological contexts, "loss of function" or "loss of a gene" usually refers to the fact/act of that gene no longer being present or functional.
    *   Sense 1 ("the act of losing someone or something") fits best as the general category for the disappearance of the genes.

    *   Sense 1: act of losing.
    *   Sense 2: gradual decline.
    *   Sense 5: the thing lost.
    *   Sense 8: deprivation.

    Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2: "Loss of both copies" isn't necessarily a "gradual decline" (like weight loss); it's the fact that they are gone. Sense 1 is the most fitting general description.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again: "the act of losing someone or something".
    Example: "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock". (This example is about losing a game/competition).

    Let's look at Sense 5: "something that is lost".
    Example: "the car was a total loss".

    Let's look at Sense 8: "the disadvantage that results from losing something".
    Example: "his loss of credibility led to his resignation".

    Actually, looking at "loss of both copies of the same gene", it's the *fact* or *state* of them being gone.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 1. "the act of losing someone or something".
    If I lose my keys, the "loss of my keys" is the act/fact of losing them.

    Let's check if there's a better fit.
    Sense 2: "gradual decline in amount or activity". (Weight loss, loss of business).
    Gene loss can be seen as a decline in the number of copies (from 2 to 0).

    Let's search for "loss of gene" in WordNet-like contexts. Usually, "loss of [something]" where it means "the fact that something is gone" maps to the general "act of losing" or "the state of being lost".

    Sense 1: the act of losing someone or something.
    Sense 2: gradual decline in amount or activity.
    Sense 5: something that is lost.
    Sense 8: the disadvantage that results from losing something.

    In "the loss of both copies of the same gene", the "loss" is the event/fact that the genes are gone. This aligns best with Sense 1.

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 2 again. "weight loss". Weight loss is a reduction in amount. Gene loss (deletion) is a reduction in the number of copies. However, "loss of both copies" sounds more like a complete disappearance (the act of losing them) than a gradual decline.

    Let's look at Sense 8: "the disadvantage that results from losing something". "his loss of credibility led to his resignation". "the loss of both copies... could lead to the eruption of a cancer".
    Is the "loss" the *disadvantage* or the *fact* that they are gone?
    In "loss of credibility", the loss is the fact that he no longer has credibility.
    In "loss of both copies", the loss is the fact that the genes are no longer there.

    Actually, Sense 1 is the most general and fits the "act/fact of losing" best.

    Let's re-read Sense 1: "the act of losing someone or something".
    Example: "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock". (This example is about losing a contest).

    Let's re-read Sense 2: "gradual decline in amount or activity".
    Example: "weight loss".

    Let's re-read Sense 5: "something that is lost".
    Example: "the car was a total loss".

    Let's re-read Sense 8: "the disadvantage that results from losing something".
    Example: "his loss of credibility led to his resignation".

    If we compare "loss of credibility" (Sense 8) with "loss of both copies of the same gene", they are very similar. The loss of credibility is the deprivation of credibility. The loss of genes is the deprivation of those genes.

    However, "loss of credibility" is often used to mean the *fact* that it's gone.

    Let's think about "loss of [biological component]".
    "Loss of hearing" -> Sense 2 (gradual decline) or Sense 1?
    "Loss of a limb" -> Sense 1 (act of losing).

    In this case, "loss of both copies of the same gene" is the disappearance of the genes. This is most similar to "loss of a limb" (Sense 1).

    Let's check Sense 1 again. "the act of losing someone or something".
    If you lose a gene, you have undergone the act of losing it.

    Let's check Sense 2 again. "gradual decline in amount or activity".
    Is gene loss gradual? Not necessarily. It's often a discrete mutation (deletion).

    Let's check Sense 8 again. "the disadvantage that results from losing something".
    Is the "loss" the disadvantage itself, or the event that causes the disadvantage?
    "the loss of both copies... could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    The loss (the fact they are gone) leads to the cancer (the disadvantage). So the loss itself is not the disadvantage; it's the cause.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the most likely.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 1's example again: "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock". This is "loss" as in "defeat".
    Does "the act of losing someone or something" cover "defeat"?
    Yes, losing a game is the act of losing.

    Let's look at Sense 5: "something that is lost".
    "the car was a total loss". (The car is the loss).
    "the loss of both copies". (The loss is not the copies themselves, but the fact they are gone).

    Let's look at Sense 1 again. "the act of losing someone or something".
    This is the most general sense for "the fact that something is gone".

    Let's double-check Sense 2 one more time. "gradual decline in amount or activity".
    "weight loss", "loss of business".
    Could "loss of both copies of the same gene" be a "decline in amount"?
    It's a reduction from 2 to 0. But "gradual" doesn't fit well.

    Let's consider if there are any other options.
    Sense 1: act of losing.
    Sense 2: gradual decline.
    Sense 3: losing a loved one.
    Sense 4: military casualties.
    Sense 5: the thing lost.
    Sense 6: death.
    Sense 7: financial loss.
    Sense 8: deprivation.

    Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 8 again.
    Sense 8: "the disadvantage that results from losing something".
    Example: "his loss of credibility led to his resignation".
    In this example, the "loss of credibility" is the state of no longer having credibility, which is a disadvantage.
    In the target sentence, "the loss of both copies of the same gene" is the state of no longer having those genes, which is a disadvantage (it leads to cancer).

    Wait, "deprivation" is a synonym for Sense 8.
    Is "loss of both copies of the same gene" a "deprivation" of those genes? Yes.

    Let's compare Sense 1 ("act of losing") and Sense 8 ("deprivation").
    "The loss of both copies... could lead to..."
    This sounds more like the *state* of being without the genes (deprivation) than the *act* of losing them.

    Let's re-examine Sense 1's example: "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock". This is definitely "defeat".
    Wait, the definition for Sense 1 is "the act of losing someone or something".
    If the example is "defeat", then "the act of losing" might be interpreted as "the act of not winning".

    Let's look at Sense 8 again: "the disadvantage that results from losing something".
    Synonym: "deprivation".
    Example: "his loss of credibility led to his resignation".
    This fits very well. The loss of the genes is the deprivation of the genes, and this deprivation leads to cancer.

    Let's think about "loss of [something]" in a medical context.
    "Loss of blood" -> Sense 2 (decline in amount).
    "Loss of consciousness" -> Sense 1 (act of losing) or Sense 8 (deprivation)?
    "Loss of a gene" -> Sense 1 or Sense 8?

    If I say "the loss of the gene caused the disease", I mean the fact that the gene is gone (deprivation) caused the disease.

    Let's look at Sense 1 again. "the act of losing someone or something".
    If you lose your keys, the "loss of your keys" is the act of losing them.

    Let's compare:
    1. The act of losing both copies of the gene led to cancer.
    8. The deprivation of both copies of the gene led to cancer.

    Sense 8 seems slightly more precise for the *state* that leads to the cancer.

    Let me search for "loss of credibility" in other WordNet versions.
    In some versions, "loss of credibility" or "loss of power" is listed under the sense of "deprivation".

    Let's re-read the context: "the <t>loss</t> of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    This is a classic biological description. The *absence* (deprivation) of the tumor suppressor gene leads to cancer.

    Let's double-check Sense 2 again. "gradual decline in amount or activity".
    "weight loss", "loss of business".
    Could "loss of both copies" be a "decline in amount"?
    It's a reduction in the number of copies. But "gradual" is the key word in Sense 2. Gene deletion is not usually gradual.

    So we are between Sense 1 and Sense 8.
    Sense 1: the act of losing someone or something.
    Sense 8: the disadvantage that results from losing something (deprivation).

    In "loss of credibility led to his resignation", the "loss" is the fact that he no longer has credibility.
    In "loss of both copies... led to... cancer", the "loss" is the fact that the genes are no longer there.

    Both are very similar. However, "deprivation" (Sense 8) often refers to the state of lacking something that is needed. The genes in this case (tumor suppressors) are needed to prevent cancer. Their absence is a deprivation.

    Let's look at Sense 1 again. "the act of losing someone or something".
    If the example is "his loss was a shock" (meaning his defeat), it's a very different kind of "losing".

    Let's try to find more examples of Sense 8.
    "loss of credibility", "loss of status", "loss of power".
    These are all states of no longer having something.
    "loss of both copies of the same gene" is also a state of no longer having something.

    Let's try to find more examples of Sense 1.
    "the loss of my dog was hard" (though this could be Sense 3).
    "the loss of the game" (defeat).

    Wait, Sense 1's definition is "the act of losing someone or something".
    If you lose your keys, the "loss of your keys" is the act of losing them.

    Let's compare "the loss of the genes" (the act of losing them) vs "the loss of the genes" (the state of not having them).
    In the context of cancer, it's the *absence* of the genes that causes the cancer, not the *act* of losing them.

    Therefore, Sense 8 ("the disadvantage that results from losing something" / "deprivation") is a better fit.

    Wait, let me re-read Sense 8 one more time. "the disadvantage that results from losing something".
    Is the "loss" the *disadvantage itself* or the *fact of not having it*?
    "his loss of credibility led to his resignation".
    The "loss of credibility" is the fact that he no longer has it. This fact is a disadvantage.

    Let's check Sense 1 again. "the act of losing someone or something".
    If I say "the loss of the gene", am I talking about the *act* of it disappearing or the *fact* that it is gone?
    Usually, it's the fact that it is gone.

    Let's look at Sense 5: "something that is lost".
    "the car was a total loss".
    This doesn't fit.

    Let's look at Sense 2: "gradual decline in amount or activity".
    "weight loss".
    Could "loss of both copies" be a decline in amount?
    It's a reduction from 2 to 0. But "gradual" is still the problem.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 and Sense 8.
    Sense 1: the act of losing someone or something.
    Sense 8: the disadvantage that results from losing something (deprivation).

    If we look at "loss of credibility", it's the state of lacking credibility.
    If we look at "loss of both copies of the same gene", it's the state of lacking those genes.
    Both are deprivations.

    Let's double-check the synonym for Sense 8: "deprivation".
    "The deprivation of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    This makes perfect sense.

    Let's double-check the synonym for Sense 1: (no synonyms provided).
    "The act of losing both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    This also makes sense, but it emphasizes the *event* rather than the *state*. In biology, it's the *absence* (the state) that is the key.

    Let's think about "loss of function". Is that Sense 1 or Sense 8?
    "Loss of function" is the state of not functioning. That's a deprivation of function.

    Let's think about "loss of appetite".
    That's a decline in appetite (Sense 2).

    Let's think about "loss of a loved one".
    That's Sense 3.

    Let's think about "loss of a job".
    That's the act of losing the job (Sense 1) or the state of being unemployed (Sense 8)?
    Usually, "the loss of my job was devastating" refers to the event (Sense 1).

    But "the loss of both copies of the same gene" in a scientific context refers to the genetic state (the deletion).

    Let's re-read Sense 8: "the disadvantage that results from losing something".
    If the "loss of credibility" is the disadvantage,


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: loss
Target surface form: loss
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the <t>loss</t> of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=loss%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of losing someone or something | examples=everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock
2. sense_key=loss%1:22:00:: | definition=gradual decline in amount or activity | examples=weight loss; a serious loss of business
3. sense_key=loss%1:11:01:: | definition=the experience of losing a loved one | examples=he sympathized on the loss of their grandfather
4. sense_key=loss%1:11:00:: | definition=military personnel lost by death or capture | synonyms=personnel casualty
5. sense_key=loss%1:21:01:: | definition=something that is lost | examples=the car was a total loss; loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt
6. sense_key=loss%1:11:02:: | definition=euphemistic expressions for death | synonyms=passing, departure, exit, expiration, going, release | examples=thousands mourned his passing
7. sense_key=loss%1:21:00:: | definition=the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue | synonyms=red ink, red | examples=the company operated at a loss last year; the company operated in the red last year
8. sense_key=loss%1:07:00:: | definition=the disadvantage that results from losing something | synonyms=deprivation | examples=his loss of credibility led to his resignation; losing him is no great deprivation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 8. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "loss"
    *   Context: "...the <t>loss</t> of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   Meaning: The disappearance or absence of genetic material (genes).

    *   Sense 1: the act of losing someone or something (general act).
    *   Sense 2: gradual decline in amount or activity (e.g., weight loss).
    *   Sense 3: experience of losing a loved one (bereavement).
    *   Sense 4: military personnel lost (casualties).
    *   Sense 5: something that is lost (the object itself, e.g., total loss).
    *   Sense 6: euphemism for death.
    *   Sense 7: financial loss (cost > revenue).
    *   Sense 8: the disadvantage that results from losing something (deprivation).

    *   The context describes the "loss of both copies of the same gene."
    *   This refers to the *act* or *fact* of the genes disappearing/being gone.
    *   Sense 1 ("the act of losing someone or something") is a broad definition that fits the disappearance of genes.
    *   Sense 2 ("gradual decline") doesn't quite fit; gene loss in this context is usually a discrete event (deletion).
    *   Sense 5 ("something that is lost") refers to the object lost (e.g., "the car was a total loss"). Here, "loss" is the process/event of the genes being gone, not the genes themselves (though it's close).
    *   Sense 8 ("the disadvantage that results") refers to the *consequence* (deprivation). While the loss of genes leads to cancer, the word "loss" here describes the event of the genes being gone, not the resulting disadvantage itself.

    *   "the loss of both copies of the same gene"
    *   This is the act/state of losing the genes.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 5:
        *   Sense 1: "the act of losing someone or something"
        *   Sense 5: "something that is lost"
    *   In "the loss of both copies," "loss" is the event/act of the genes being gone.

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again: "the act of losing someone or something".
    *   Let's look at Sense 2: "gradual decline in amount or activity". (Not gradual).
    *   Let's look at Sense 8: "the disadvantage that results from losing something". (The loss *leads* to cancer, so the loss itself is the cause, not the disadvantage).

    *   Is it Sense 1? "the act of losing someone or something".
    *   Example for Sense 1: "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock". (This is more about losing a competition).
    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate Sense 1. "the act of losing someone or something".
    *   Let's look at Sense 5: "something that is lost". Example: "loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt".
    *   "loss of livestock" is very similar to "loss of both copies of the same gene". In "loss of livestock", the livestock are the things lost. In "loss of both copies of the same gene", the copies of the gene are the things lost.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of losing someone or something"
    *   Sense 5: "something that is lost"
    *   Example for Sense 5: "loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt".
    *   Example for Sense 1: "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock". (This example is about losing a game).

    *   Let's re-read Sense 1's definition: "the act of losing someone or something".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 5's definition: "something that is lost".

    *   In "loss of livestock", the "loss" is the livestock that were lost.
    *   In "loss of both copies of the same gene", the "loss" is the genes that were lost.

    *   Let's check if there's a better fit.
    *   Sense 2: "gradual decline". (No).
    *   Sense 8: "the disadvantage that results from losing something". (No).

    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 5 again.
    *   Sense 1: "the act of losing someone or something".
    *   Sense 5: "something that is lost".
    *   If I say "the loss of the gene", am I referring to the *act* of it disappearing or the *fact* that it is gone (the thing lost)?
    *   The example "loss of livestock" in Sense 5 strongly mirrors "loss of both copies of the same gene".

    *   Sense 1: "the act of losing someone or something" (Example: losing a game).
    *   Sense 5: "something that is lost" (Example: loss of livestock).
    *   The gene loss is the disappearance of the genetic material. This matches "loss of livestock" (the animals that are gone).

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 1 again. "the act of losing someone or something".
    *   If you lose your keys, the "loss of your keys" is the act/event.
    *   If you lose livestock, the "loss of livestock" is the livestock that are gone.

    *   Let's look at the context: "the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   This is the *absence* or *disappearance* of the genes.
    *   Sense 5: "something that is lost".
    *   Sense 1: "the act of losing someone or something".

    *   Actually, "loss of livestock" (Sense 5) is almost identical in structure to "loss of both copies of the same gene".

    *   Sense 1: act of losing (often used for games/competitions or the general process).
    *   Sense 5: the thing that is lost (the livestock, the gene).

    *   Let's re-verify Sense 1's example: "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock". This is definitely about losing a contest.
    *   Sense 5's example: "loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt". This is about the loss of physical assets.

    *   The gene loss is the loss of a physical/biological asset (the gene).

    *   Sense 5 seems the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: copy
Target surface form: copies
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both <t>copies</t> of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=copy%1:10:00:: | definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. sense_key=copy%1:06:00:: | definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. sense_key=copy%1:10:01:: | definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. sense_key=copy%1:10:02:: | definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `copy`
    *   Target surface form: `copies`
    *   Context: "...they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both <t>copies</t> of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `copy%1:10:00::`: reproduction of a written record (transcript).
        2.  `copy%1:06:00::`: a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing (e.g., clone).
        3.  `copy%1:10:01::`: matter to be printed (written matter).
        4.  `copy%1:10:02::`: material suitable for a journalistic account.

    *   The text discusses genetics: "gene or genes", "molecular geneticist", "gene probes", "chromosome 13", "loss of both copies of the same gene".
    *   In genetics, humans have two copies of most genes (one from each parent). These are identical or nearly identical versions of the same genetic sequence.
    *   The word "copies" here refers to these identical/similar versions of the gene/chromosome.

    *   Sense 1: Written record (transcript). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: A thing made to be similar or identical to another thing. (Example: "the clone was a copy of its ancestor"). This fits the biological context of genetic copies.
    *   Sense 3: Matter to be printed. Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: Journalistic material. Not applicable.

    *   Sense 2 is the only one that fits the biological context of identical/similar versions of a gene or chromosome.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the <t>same</t> gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
2. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
3. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "same"
    *   Target surface form: "same"
    *   Context: "...the loss of both copies of the <t>same</t> gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `same%3:00:04`: equal in amount or value (e.g., like amounts).
        2.  `same%3:00:02`: same in identity (e.g., the same man I saw yesterday).
        3.  `same%3:00:00`: closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree (e.g., curtains the same color as the walls).
        4.  `same%5:00:00:unchanged:00`: unchanged in character or nature (e.g., the village stayed the same).

    *   The sentence refers to "both copies of the same gene".
    *   In genetics, an organism typically has two copies (alleles) of a gene (one from each parent).
    *   When the text says "both copies of the same gene", it means the two copies of the *identical* gene (the gene located at the same locus on homologous chromosomes).
    *   Is it "identical in identity" (Sense 2) or "similar in kind" (Sense 3)?
    *   Sense 2 (identity): "the same man I saw yesterday" (the exact same individual entity).
    *   Sense 3 (similarity/kind): "curtains the same color as the walls" (not the same object, but sharing a property).
    *   In "both copies of the same gene", the "gene" refers to the *type* of gene (e.g., the RB1 gene). The "copies" are the physical instances. So, the two copies are instances of the *same* gene (the same identity of the gene type).
    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate. If I have two copies of the same book, are they the "same book" (identity) or "the same kind of book" (similarity)? Usually, "the same book" in that context means the same title/edition (similarity/kind), whereas "the same book" meaning the physical object is identity.
    *   In genetics, "the same gene" refers to the specific gene locus/function. The two copies are not the *same physical object* (they are two different DNA molecules), but they are the *same gene* (the same identity of the genetic unit).
    *   Let's look at the examples again:
        *   Sense 2: "the same man I saw yesterday" (Identity: one person).
        *   Sense 3: "two girls of the same age" (Similarity: same property).
    *   "Both copies of the same gene" means they are both copies of *that specific gene*. This is a case of identity of the *type*.
    *   In WordNet, "same in identity" (Sense 2) often covers this "same type" usage when referring to a specific entity (like "the same gene").
    *   Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 3 again.
        *   Sense 2: "never wore the same dress twice" (the exact same physical dress).
        *   Sense 3: "curtains the same color as the walls" (sharing a property).
    *   Is "the same gene" referring to a property (like "the same color") or the identity of the gene itself? It's the identity of the gene.
    *   However, "both copies" implies there are two distinct things. If they are two distinct things, they cannot be the *same* physical object. Therefore, they must be "the same" in terms of their identity as a specific gene.
    *   Actually, in linguistic terms, "the same [noun]" can be used for identity (referential) or for similarity (attributive).
    *   "The same gene" here means the gene at that specific locus.
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "closely similar or comparable in kind".
    *   If I say "two copies of the same book", I mean they are the same title. This is often categorized as "same in identity" (the identity of the work) or "same in kind".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "same in identity".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "closely similar or comparable in kind".
    *   In the context of "both copies of the same gene", the "gene" is the entity being identified. The two copies are identical in their identity as that specific gene.
    *   Let's check common WordNet usage for "same gene". Usually, "the same [X]" where X is a type refers to Sense 2 (identity of the type).
    *   Wait, "two girls of the same age" (Sense 3) - "age" is a property. "The same gene" - "gene" is the entity.
    *   If it were "genes of the same type", that would be Sense 3. But "the same gene" suggests the identity of the gene.

    *   Sense 2: "the same man I saw yesterday" (Identity).
    *   Sense 3: "curtains the same color as the walls" (Similarity/Kind).
    *   "Both copies of the same gene" -> The gene is the identity. The copies are the instances.
    *   This is a classic "type-token" distinction. The "gene" is the type, and the "copies" are the tokens. They are the same type.
    *   In WordNet, "same in identity" (Sense 2) is often used for the same type.
    *   Let's double-check Sense 3: "closely similar or comparable in kind".
    *   If the genes were just "similar", they wouldn't be the "same gene". They are the *exact* same gene (the same locus, the same sequence).
    *   Therefore, "same in identity" (Sense 2) is a better fit than "closely similar" (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 1: Equal in amount (No).
    *   Sense 4: Unchanged (No).
    *   Sense 2: Same in identity.
    *   Sense 3: Similar in kind.
    *   "Both copies of the same gene" means they are both the RB1 gene (for example). They are not just "similar" genes; they are the *same* gene.

    *   "the same man I saw yesterday" (Identity)
    *   "never wore the same dress twice" (Identity)
    *   If I say "I have two copies of the same book", I am referring to the identity of the book (the title/content), not just that they are similar books.
    *   This matches Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lead
Target surface form: lead
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could <t>lead</t> to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lead%2:38:00:: | definition=travel in front of; go in advance of others | synonyms=head | examples=The procession was headed by John
2. sense_key=lead%2:38:02:: | definition=move ahead (of others) in time or space | synonyms=precede
3. sense_key=lead%2:32:01:: | definition=preside over | synonyms=moderate, chair | examples=John moderated the discussion
4. sense_key=lead%2:42:02:: | definition=cause something to pass or lead somewhere | synonyms=run | examples=Run the wire behind the cabinet
5. sense_key=lead%2:42:01:: | definition=be ahead of others; be the first | synonyms=top | examples=she topped her class every year
6. sense_key=lead%2:41:00:: | definition=be in charge of | synonyms=head | examples=Who is heading this project?
7. sense_key=lead%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to undertake a certain action | examples=Her greed led her to forge the checks
8. sense_key=lead%2:42:00:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=run, go, pass, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
9. sense_key=lead%2:36:00:: | definition=lead, as in the performance of a composition | synonyms=conduct, direct | examples=conduct an orchestra; Barenboim conducted the Chicago symphony for years
10. sense_key=lead%2:42:04:: | definition=have as a result or residue | synonyms=leave, result | examples=The water left a mark on the silk dress; Her blood left a stain on the napkin
11. sense_key=lead%2:42:03:: | definition=lead, extend, or afford access | synonyms=go | examples=This door goes to the basement; The road runs South
12. sense_key=lead%2:38:01:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=take, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
13. sense_key=lead%2:42:12:: | definition=tend to or result in | examples=This remark lead to further arguments among the guests
14. sense_key=lead%2:41:12:: | definition=be conducive to | synonyms=contribute, conduce | examples=The use of computers in the classroom lead to better writing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 13}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 13}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `lead`
    *   Target surface form: `lead`
    *   Context: "...the loss of both copies of the same gene could <t>lead</t> to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   Meaning: The loss of genes *results in* or *causes* the eruption of cancer.

    *   1: travel in front of (physical movement)
    *   2: move ahead in time or space (precede)
    *   3: preside over (moderate/chair)
    *   4: cause something to pass (run a wire)
    *   5: be ahead of others (top a class)
    *   6: be in charge of (head a project)
    *   7: cause to undertake a certain action (e.g., greed led her to forge)
    *   8: stretch out over a distance (run/extend)
    *   9: lead a composition (conduct)
    *   10: have as a result or residue (leave a mark)
    *   11: lead, extend, or afford access (door goes to basement)
    *   12: take somebody somewhere (guide)
    *   13: tend to or result in (remark lead to arguments)
    *   14: be conducive to (contribute/conduce)

    *   The phrase is "lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   This describes a causal relationship where one event (loss of genes) results in another event (cancer).
    *   Sense 13: "tend to or result in" (Example: "This remark lead to further arguments among the guests"). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 14: "be conducive to" (Example: "The use of computers... lead to better writing"). This is more about contributing to a positive or general outcome rather than a direct causal result like a disease.
    *   Sense 7: "cause to undertake a certain action". This usually involves an agent (person) performing an action.
    *   Sense 10: "have as a result or residue" (leave a mark). This is more about a physical residue.

    *   Sense 13 specifically mentions "result in" and provides an example of a situation leading to an outcome ("remark lead to further arguments").
    *   The context "loss of both copies... could lead to the eruption of a cancer" is a clear case of "result in".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: eruption
Target surface form: eruption
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the <t>eruption</t> of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=eruption%1:11:00:: | definition=the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material | synonyms=volcanic eruption
2. sense_key=eruption%1:11:02:: | definition=the emergence of a tooth as it breaks through the gum
3. sense_key=eruption%1:26:01:: | definition=(of volcanos) pouring out fumes or lava (or a deposit so formed) | synonyms=eructation, extravasation
4. sense_key=eruption%1:26:02:: | definition=symptom consisting of a breaking out and becoming visible
5. sense_key=eruption%1:11:03:: | definition=a sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually of some undesirable condition) | synonyms=outbreak, irruption | examples=the outbreak of hostilities
6. sense_key=eruption%1:11:01:: | definition=a sudden very loud noise | synonyms=bang, clap, blast, bam

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "eruption"
    *   Context: "...the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the <t>eruption</t> of a cancer."
    *   Meaning: The sudden onset or development of cancer.

    *   Sense 1: Volcanic discharge (steam/material). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Tooth breaking through gum. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Volcanos pouring out fumes/lava. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Symptom consisting of breaking out and becoming visible (usually skin rashes). (Possible, but "cancer" as a whole isn't usually described as a skin eruption unless it's a specific type, and the context is about the *occurrence* of the disease).
    *   Sense 5: A sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually of some undesirable condition). Synonyms: outbreak, irruption. Example: "the outbreak of hostilities". (Fits well: the "outbreak" or "sudden occurrence" of cancer).
    *   Sense 6: A sudden very loud noise. (Incorrect)

    *   The sentence describes the genetic cause leading to the *start* or *outbreak* of cancer.
    *   Sense 5 ("a sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually of some undesirable condition)") aligns perfectly with the concept of a disease "breaking out" or suddenly occurring.

    *   Sense 4 is more about a physical rash or skin manifestation.
    *   Sense 5 is about the event of the condition starting.
    *   "Eruption of a cancer" in this scientific context refers to the onset/outbreak of the disease.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a <t>cancer</t>. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
2. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
3. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
4. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: A scientific discussion about genes, molecular geneticists, gene probes, eye tumors, chromosome 13, and the loss of gene copies leading to the "eruption of a cancer." Mention of "Fox Chase Cancer Research Center."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Zodiac sign (Cancer the Crab).
        2.  Constellation.
        3.  Person born under the sign of Cancer.
        4.  Malignant growth/tumor caused by abnormal cell division.
        5.  Genus of crabs (Cancridae).

    *   The context mentions "molecular geneticist," "gene probes," "eye tumors," "chromosome 13," and "Cancer Research Center."
    *   The phrase "eruption of a cancer" in this context clearly refers to the medical condition of malignant growth.

    *   Sense 1: Zodiac sign (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Constellation (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Person born under the sign (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Malignant growth or tumor (Correct)
    *   Sense 5: Genus of crabs (Incorrect)

    *   The best sense is index 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: satisfying
Target surface form: satisfying
Context:
Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily <t>satisfying</t>, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=satisfying%5:00:00:wholesome:00 | definition=providing abundant nourishment | synonyms=hearty, solid, square, substantial | examples=a hearty meal; good solid food
2. sense_key=satisfying%5:00:00:satisfactory:00 | definition=providing freedom from worry | synonyms=comforting, cheering

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `satisfying`
    *   Target surface form: `satisfying`
    *   Context: A scientific discovery about cancer (retinoblastoma) and the loss of both copies of a gene. Dr. Knudson says, "It was extraordinarily satisfying," referring to the finding that confirmed his conviction.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `satisfying%5:00:00:wholesome:00`: providing abundant nourishment (e.g., a hearty meal).
        2.  `satisfying%5:00:00:satisfactory:00`: providing freedom from worry (e.g., comforting, cheering).

    *   The context is about a scientific breakthrough.
    *   "It was extraordinarily satisfying" refers to the feeling of a hypothesis being proven or a discovery being made.
    *   Sense 1 (nourishment/food) is completely irrelevant.
    *   Sense 2 (providing freedom from worry/comforting/cheering) is closer, although "satisfying" in this context usually means "giving fulfillment" or "gratifying." However, between the two provided options, Sense 2 is the only one that fits the emotional/psychological state of a scientist seeing their theory confirmed, as it relates to a sense of resolution or satisfaction (freedom from the worry/uncertainty of the hypothesis).

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 2: "providing freedom from worry | synonyms=comforting, cheering".
    *   Is there a better sense? The prompt only gives two.
    *   Sense 1: Food. (Wrong)
    *   Sense 2: Freedom from worry/comforting. (Closest)

    *   In the context of a scientific discovery, "satisfying" means it fulfilled a need for an answer or confirmed a theory. This brings a sense of relief or intellectual satisfaction, which aligns better with "freedom from worry" (the worry of being wrong or the tension of not knowing) than with "abundant nourishment."

    *   Sense 1: Hearty meal. (No)
    *   Sense 2: Comforting/cheering/freedom from worry. (Yes, by elimination and general fit).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "<t>says</t> Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
2. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
3. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
4. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
5. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
6. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
7. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
10. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
11. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `say`
    *   Target surface form: `says`
    *   Context: `"It was extraordinarily satisfying, "<t>says</t> Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.`
    *   The word "says" is used here to attribute a direct quote to Dr. Knudson.

    *   1: express a supposition (e.g., "Let us say that...") - No.
    *   2: give instructions/direct (e.g., "I said to him to go home") - No.
    *   3: recite or repeat a fixed text (e.g., "Say grace") - No.
    *   4: speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way (e.g., "pronounces French words") - No.
    *   5: report or maintain (e.g., "He alleged that...") - This is close, but usually implies a claim or allegation.
    *   6: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare (e.g., "I say let's forget this") - This is more about making a proposal or a strong declaration.
    *   7: indicate (e.g., "The clock says noon") - No.
    *   8: utter aloud (e.g., "She said 'Hello'") - This is for short utterances or greetings.
    *   9: express in words (e.g., "He said that he wanted to marry her") - This is the general sense of stating something or communicating information in words.
    *   10: have or contain a certain wording or form (e.g., "What does the law say?") - No.
    *   11: communicate or express nonverbally (e.g., "What does this painting say?") - No.

    *   The context is a direct quote: `"It was extraordinarily satisfying," says Dr. Knudson`.
    *   This is the most basic use of "say" to mean "express in words" or "state".
    *   Comparing sense 5 (report or maintain) and sense 9 (express in words): Sense 9 is the general sense of stating something. Sense 5 is more specific to alleging or maintaining a position.
    *   Comparing sense 8 (utter aloud) and sense 9 (express in words): Sense 8 is often for short, specific utterances. Sense 9 is broader and fits the attribution of a statement.

    *   Sense 9: "express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you"
    *   This fits perfectly for attributing a quote.

    *   Sense 5: "report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver" - Too strong/specific.
    *   Sense 6: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" - Possible, but sense 9 is the standard attribution sense.
    *   Sense 8: "utter aloud" - Usually for the physical act or a short phrase.

    *   The sentence is a standard reporting clause in a journalistic or narrative style. "Express in words" (Sense 9) is the most accurate general description for this usage.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: now
Target surface form: now
Context:
Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, <t>now</t> at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: | definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now
2. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: | definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
3. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: | definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
4. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: | definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
5. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: | definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
6. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: | definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
7. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: | definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "now"
    *   Target surface form: "now"
    *   Context: "...'It was extraordinarily satisfying,' says Dr. Knudson, <t>now</t> at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia."
    *   Analysis: The sentence describes Dr. Knudson's current location/affiliation at the time of the writing/speaking, contrasting with the past events described in the previous paragraphs.

    *   Sense 1: "in the immediate past" (e.g., "told me just now") - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: "in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events" (e.g., "President Kennedy now calls in...") - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: "(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity" (e.g., "Now the next problem is...") - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: "without delay or hesitation" (e.g., "he answered immediately") - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: "used to preface a command or reproof or request" (e.g., "now hear this!") - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 6: "at the present moment" (e.g., "goods now on sale") - Correct. This refers to the current state/location of Dr. Knudson.
    *   Sense 7: "in these times; nowadays" (e.g., "we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles") - This is similar to Sense 6, but Sense 6 ("at the present moment") is a more precise fit for a specific person's current location/status.

    *   The sentence says "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center".
    *   This means "at the present moment" or "currently".
    *   Comparing Sense 6 ("at the present moment") and Sense 7 ("in these times; nowadays").
    *   Sense 6 is typically used for current states or specific moments.
    *   Sense 7 is typically used for general trends or eras.
    *   "Now at Fox Chase" describes a current state/location.

    *   Sense 6: "at the present moment" (synonym: "at present").
    *   Example: "goods now on sale".
    *   Application: "Dr. Knudson, [at present] at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center". This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: true
Target surface form: true
Context:
The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was <t>true</t> of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=true%5:00:00:typical:00 | definition=conforming to definitive criteria | examples=the horseshoe crab is not a true crab; Pythagoras was the first true mathematician
2. sense_key=true%5:00:00:accurate:00 | definition=accurately placed or thrown | synonyms=dead on target | examples=his aim was true; he was dead on target
3. sense_key=true%5:00:00:geographic:00 | definition=determined with reference to the earth's axis rather than the magnetic poles | examples=true north is geographic north
4. sense_key=true%5:00:00:legitimate:00 | definition=having a legally established claim | synonyms=lawful, rightful | examples=the legitimate heir; the true and lawful king
5. sense_key=true%5:00:02:faithful:00 | definition=devoted (sometimes fanatically) to a cause or concept or truth | examples=true believers bonded together against all who disagreed with them
6. sense_key=true%5:00:00:real:02 | definition=rightly so called | examples=true courage; a spirit which true men have always admired
7. sense_key=true%5:00:00:trustworthy:00 | definition=worthy of being depended on | synonyms=dependable, honest, reliable | examples=a dependable worker; an honest working stiff
8. sense_key=true%3:00:00:: | definition=consistent with fact or reality; not false; ; - B. Russell | examples=the story is true; it is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is no ground whatever for supposing it true
9. sense_key=true%5:00:00:harmonious:00 | definition=in tune; accurate in pitch | synonyms=on-key | examples=a true note
10. sense_key=true%5:00:00:sincere:00 | definition=not pretended; sincerely felt or expressed | synonyms=genuine, unfeigned | examples=genuine emotion; her interest in people was unfeigned
11. sense_key=true%5:00:00:even:01 | definition=accurately fitted; level | synonyms=straight | examples=the window frame isn't quite true
12. sense_key=true%3:00:04:: | definition=expressing or given to expressing the truth | synonyms=truthful | examples=a true statement; gave truthful testimony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `true`
    *   Target surface form: `true`
    *   Context: "I was convinced that what was <t>true</t> of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers."
    *   Meaning: The speaker (Dr. Knudson) believes that a certain fact or principle that applies to retinoblastoma (a specific cancer) also applies to all other cancers.

    *   1: conforming to definitive criteria (e.g., "true crab") - No.
    *   2: accurately placed or thrown (e.g., "aim was true") - No.
    *   3: geographic north - No.
    *   4: legally established claim (e.g., "true heir") - No.
    *   5: devoted to a cause (e.g., "true believers") - No.
    *   6: rightly so called (e.g., "true courage") - No.
    *   7: trustworthy/dependable - No.
    *   8: consistent with fact or reality; not false (e.g., "the story is true") - This fits. "What was true of retinoblastoma" means "what was a fact regarding retinoblastoma."
    *   9: in tune/accurate in pitch - No.
    *   10: sincere/not pretended - No.
    *   11: accurately fitted/level - No.
    *   12: expressing the truth (e.g., "a true statement") - This is close, but "true of [something]" usually refers to the factuality of the situation (Sense 8) rather than the act of expressing it (Sense 12).

    *   "What was true of retinoblastoma" = "What was a fact about retinoblastoma" or "What held true for retinoblastoma."
    *   Sense 8: "consistent with fact or reality; not false."
    *   Sense 12: "expressing or given to expressing the truth; truthful."
    *   In the phrase "true of [something]," it means that the statement describes the thing accurately. This aligns best with Sense 8 (consistent with fact or reality).

    *   Sense 8 is the general sense of "factually correct."
    *   Sense 12 is more about the *expression* of truth (truthful).
    *   The context "what was true of retinoblastoma" refers to the underlying biological reality/fact.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: true
Target surface form: true
Context:
The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be <t>true</t> for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=true%5:00:02:faithful:00 | definition=devoted (sometimes fanatically) to a cause or concept or truth | examples=true believers bonded together against all who disagreed with them
2. sense_key=true%3:00:04:: | definition=expressing or given to expressing the truth | synonyms=truthful | examples=a true statement; gave truthful testimony
3. sense_key=true%5:00:00:trustworthy:00 | definition=worthy of being depended on | synonyms=dependable, honest, reliable | examples=a dependable worker; an honest working stiff
4. sense_key=true%5:00:00:geographic:00 | definition=determined with reference to the earth's axis rather than the magnetic poles | examples=true north is geographic north
5. sense_key=true%5:00:00:harmonious:00 | definition=in tune; accurate in pitch | synonyms=on-key | examples=a true note
6. sense_key=true%5:00:00:real:02 | definition=rightly so called | examples=true courage; a spirit which true men have always admired
7. sense_key=true%5:00:00:even:01 | definition=accurately fitted; level | synonyms=straight | examples=the window frame isn't quite true
8. sense_key=true%5:00:00:legitimate:00 | definition=having a legally established claim | synonyms=lawful, rightful | examples=the legitimate heir; the true and lawful king
9. sense_key=true%5:00:00:sincere:00 | definition=not pretended; sincerely felt or expressed | synonyms=genuine, unfeigned | examples=genuine emotion; her interest in people was unfeigned
10. sense_key=true%3:00:00:: | definition=consistent with fact or reality; not false; ; - B. Russell | examples=the story is true; it is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is no ground whatever for supposing it true
11. sense_key=true%5:00:00:accurate:00 | definition=accurately placed or thrown | synonyms=dead on target | examples=his aim was true; he was dead on target
12. sense_key=true%5:00:00:typical:00 | definition=conforming to definitive criteria | examples=the horseshoe crab is not a true crab; Pythagoras was the first true mathematician

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `true`
    *   Target surface form: `true`
    *   Context: "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be <t>true</t> for all cancers."
    *   Meaning: The speaker (Dr. Knudson) believes that a specific finding/fact about retinoblastoma (the loss of both copies of the same gene leading to cancer) also applies to all other types of cancer.

    *   1: devoted (fanatically) to a cause (e.g., true believers) - *Incorrect*
    *   2: expressing the truth (e.g., a true statement) - *Close, but usually refers to a statement/testimony.*
    *   3: trustworthy/dependable (e.g., a dependable worker) - *Incorrect*
    *   4: geographic north - *Incorrect*
    *   5: in tune/accurate pitch - *Incorrect*
    *   6: rightly so called (e.g., true courage) - *Incorrect*
    *   7: accurately fitted/level - *Incorrect*
    *   8: legally established claim (e.g., true heir) - *Incorrect*
    *   9: sincere/not pretended (e.g., genuine emotion) - *Incorrect*
    *   10: consistent with fact or reality; not false (e.g., the story is true) - *Correct. The claim is that the fact (loss of both copies of a gene) is a reality for all cancers.*
    *   11: accurately placed or thrown (e.g., aim was true) - *Incorrect*
    *   12: conforming to definitive criteria (e.g., true crab) - *Incorrect*

    *   The sentence "what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers" means "what was a fact regarding retinoblastoma would also be a fact regarding all cancers."
    *   Sense 10: "consistent with fact or reality; not false". This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 2 is "expressing or given to expressing the truth" (truthful). This usually describes the *person* or the *statement* itself (e.g., "a true statement").
    *   Sense 10 is "consistent with fact or reality; not false". This describes the *proposition* or the *state of affairs*.
    *   In "what was true of retinoblastoma", "what" refers to the fact/proposition. Therefore, Sense 10 is the most accurate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancers
Context:
The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all <t>cancers</t>. "It was an audacious claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
2. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
3. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
4. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancers`
    *   Context: The text discusses gene probes, eye tumors, chromosome 13, and Dr. Knudson's research on retinoblastoma. It mentions "the eruption of a cancer" and "true for all cancers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Zodiacal constellation.
        2.  Malignant growth/tumor (medical).
        3.  Zodiac sign.
        4.  Person born under the zodiac sign.
        5.  Genus of crabs.

    *   The context is clearly medical/biological ("gene probes", "cells extracted from eye tumors", "chromosome 13", "retinoblastoma", "Cancer Research Center").
    *   The word "cancers" refers to malignant growths or tumors.

    *   Sense 2: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division..." matches the context perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: audacious
Target surface form: audacious
Context:
By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an <t>audacious</t> claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=audacious%5:00:00:bold:00 | definition=invulnerable to fear or intimidation | synonyms=brave, dauntless, fearless, hardy, intrepid, unfearing | examples=audacious explorers; fearless reporters and photographers
2. sense_key=audacious%5:00:00:unashamed:00 | definition=unrestrained by convention or propriety; ; ; - Los Angeles Times; ; ; - Bertrand Russell | synonyms=barefaced, bodacious, bald-faced, brassy, brazen, brazen-faced | examples=an audacious trick to pull; a barefaced hypocrite
3. sense_key=audacious%5:00:00:adventurous:00 | definition=disposed to venture or take risks | synonyms=daring, venturesome, venturous | examples=audacious visions of the total conquest of space; an audacious interpretation of two Jacobean dramas

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "audacious"
    *   Context: Dr. Knudson claimed that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. The text says, "It was an <t>audacious</t> claim."
    *   Candidate Senses:
        1.  `bold`: invulnerable to fear or intimidation (brave, fearless).
        2.  `unashamed`: unrestrained by convention or propriety (brazen, barefaced).
        3.  `adventurous`: disposed to venture or take risks (daring, venturesome).

    *   The "claim" is that a specific finding in one type of cancer (retinoblastoma) applies to *all* cancers.
    *   This is a scientific hypothesis/claim.
    *   Is it "invulnerable to fear" (Sense 1)? No, a claim isn't a person who is brave.
    *   Is it "unrestrained by convention or propriety" (Sense 2)? No, it's not a "barefaced" or "brazen" lie or trick.
    *   Is it "disposed to venture or take risks" (Sense 3)? Yes. In the context of a scientific claim, "audacious" means daring, bold in its scope, or taking a significant intellectual risk. The example "audacious visions of the total conquest of space" aligns well with a sweeping scientific claim.

    *   Sense 1: Focuses on courage/fearlessness (usually people).
    *   Sense 2: Focuses on impudence/shamelessness.
    *   Sense 3: Focuses on daring/risk-taking/ambition (can apply to ideas, visions, claims).

    *   The claim is a daring intellectual leap. Sense 3 fits best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: claim
Target surface form: claim
Context:
By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious <t>claim</t>. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=claim%1:07:01:: | definition=an established or recognized right | synonyms=title | examples=a strong legal claim to the property; he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate
2. sense_key=claim%1:07:02:: | definition=an informal right to something | synonyms=title | examples=his claim on her attentions; his title to fame
3. sense_key=claim%1:10:01:: | definition=a demand especially in the phrase | synonyms=call | examples=the call of duty
4. sense_key=claim%1:04:00:: | definition=demand for something as rightful or due | examples=they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day
5. sense_key=claim%1:10:00:: | definition=an assertion of a right (as to money or property) | examples=his claim asked for damages
6. sense_key=claim%1:10:02:: | definition=an assertion that something is true or factual | examples=his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `claim`
    *   Context: "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers." It was an audacious <t>claim</t>.
    *   Meaning: Dr. Knudson asserted that a specific biological mechanism (loss of both copies of a gene) applies to all cancers. This is a scientific assertion or hypothesis.

    *   Sense 1: an established or recognized right (legal title). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: an informal right to something. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: a demand (call of duty). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: demand for something as rightful or due (e.g., shorter work day). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: an assertion of a right (money or property). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: an assertion that something is true or factual (e.g., claim that he was innocent). (Correct)

    *   The context describes a scientific hypothesis/assertion: "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers."
    *   This matches Sense 6: "an assertion that something is true or factual".