[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a <t>damaged</t> form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `damaged`
    *   Target surface form: `damaged`
    *   Context: "...the gene, when inherited in a <t>damaged</t> form, may predispose women to the cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `damaged%3:00:00::`: harmed or injured or spoiled (e.g., damaged goods, damaged buildings).
        2.  `damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00`: being unjustly brought into disrepute (e.g., discredited politician, damaged reputation).

    *   The context discusses genetics, specifically the p53 gene and its role in cancer.
    *   It mentions "mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies."
    *   The phrase "inherited in a damaged form" refers to a genetic mutation or a defect in the gene's structure/function.

    *   Sense 1: "harmed or injured or spoiled". In a biological/genetic context, a "damaged" gene is one that is mutated or non-functional (spoiled/harmed in its biological role).
    *   Sense 2: "being unjustly brought into disrepute" (discredited). This refers to reputation or social standing. A gene cannot have a "reputation" in the social sense.

    *   Sense 1 is the only one that fits the biological context of a mutated gene.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: form
Target surface form: form
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged <t>form</t>, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=form%1:07:03:: | definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
2. sense_key=form%1:10:00:: | definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
3. sense_key=form%1:06:00:: | definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
4. sense_key=form%1:26:00:: | definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
5. sense_key=form%1:10:01:: | definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
6. sense_key=form%1:10:02:: | definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
7. sense_key=form%1:14:02:: | definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
8. sense_key=form%1:07:01:: | definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
9. sense_key=form%1:03:00:: | definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
10. sense_key=form%1:06:01:: | definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation
11. sense_key=form%1:09:00:: | definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
12. sense_key=form%1:07:02:: | definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
13. sense_key=form%1:09:01:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
14. sense_key=form%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
15. sense_key=form%1:08:00:: | definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
16. sense_key=form%1:07:00:: | definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: length

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "form"
    *   Context: "...the gene, when inherited in a damaged <t>form</t>, may predispose women to the cancer."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses the p53 gene, mutations, and how a "damaged form of p53" (mentioned earlier in the text) relates to cancer.

    *   1: a particular mode in which something is manifested (e.g., resentment took the form of hostility).
    *   2: phonological or orthographic sound/appearance of a word.
    *   3: life-size dummy for clothes.
    *   4: (physical chemistry) distinct state of matter (phase).
    *   5: printed document with spaces.
    *   6: arrangement of elements in a composition/discourse.
    *   7: (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways (variant, strain).
    *   8: spatial attributes (shape, configuration).
    *   9: spatial arrangement as distinct from substance (shape).
    *   10: mold for setting concrete.
    *   11: perceptual structure (shape, pattern).
    *   12: ability to perform well.
    *   13: category of things distinguished by common characteristic (kind, sort, variety).
    *   14: body of students (class, grade).
    *   15: human body (physique).
    *   16: visual appearance (shape, cast).

    *   The context is biological/genetic.
    *   "Damaged form of p53" refers to a version of the gene that has been mutated.
    *   Is it a "variant" or "strain" (Sense 7)? Sense 7 refers to a group of *organisms* within a species. A gene is not an organism.
    *   Is it a "kind, sort, variety" (Sense 13)? A damaged version of a gene is a variety or kind of that gene.
    *   Is it a "particular mode in which something is manifested" (Sense 1)? This is often used for abstract things (resentment).
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 7: "a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups". This doesn't fit a gene.
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 13: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety". A mutated gene is a variety/kind of that gene.
    *   Wait, let's look at the phrase "damaged form of p53". In genetics, a "form" of a gene is often called an allele or a variant.
    *   Looking at the options again, Sense 1 ("a particular mode in which something is manifested") or Sense 13 ("a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality") seem closest.
    *   However, "damaged form" suggests a specific version or manifestation of the gene.
    *   Let's check if there's a better fit.
    *   Sense 1: "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility".
    *   Sense 13: "sculpture is a form of art".
    *   Actually, "damaged form" in this context means a specific *version* or *variant* of the gene.
    *   If Sense 7 is only for organisms, it's out.
    *   If Sense 13 is for categories, "damaged form" is more of a specific instance/version than a category.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "a particular mode in which something is manifested". A mutated gene is a particular mode in which the p53 gene is manifested in that individual.
    *   Let's reconsider Sense 13: "kind, sort, variety". A mutated gene is a variety of the gene.
    *   Let's look at the phrase "damaged form of p53" again. It's used twice. "he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53" and "the gene, when inherited in a damaged form".
    *   In biological contexts, "form" often means a variant. While Sense 7 says "group of organisms", sometimes WordNet glosses are a bit narrow. But "variant" is listed as a synonym for Sense 7.
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 13 again. "variety" is a synonym.
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 13.
        *   Sense 1: mode of manifestation.
        *   Sense 13: kind, sort, variety.
    *   "A damaged form of the gene" $\approx$ "A damaged variety of the gene" or "A damaged kind of the gene".
    *   Actually, looking at how "form" is used in science, it often refers to a specific version or manifestation.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 1: "a particular mode in which something is manifested".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 13: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality".
    *   A "damaged form" isn't really a "category" (Sense 13), but rather a specific *way* the gene exists/is manifested in that person (Sense 1).
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 7 again. "a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var." This is definitely for organisms.
    *   Let's look at Sense 13 again. "sculpture is a form of art". This is a category.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility". This is a manifestation.
    *   Is a mutated gene a "manifestation" of the gene? Yes, in a way.
    *   Let's search for "form" in a biological context in WordNet. Often, "form" meaning "variant" is what's intended.
    *   If Sense 7 is too specific to organisms, and Sense 13 is too specific to categories, Sense 1 might be the best fit.
    *   Let's double-check Sense 13. "variety" is a synonym. A mutated gene is a variety of the gene.
    *   Let's think about "damaged form". If you have a "damaged form" of a document, is it a "kind" of document or a "mode" in which it is manifested?
    *   Actually, "form" in "damaged form" often means "state" or "condition".
    *   Is there a "state" or "condition" sense?
    *   Sense 1: "a particular mode in which something is manifested". This is very close to "state" or "condition".
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility". The resentment (the thing) manifested as hostility (the form).
    *   The p53 gene (the thing) manifested as a damaged version (the form).
    *   This seems to fit better than Sense 13 (category).

    *   Sense 1: mode of manifestation.
    *   Sense 13: kind/sort/variety.
    *   "Damaged form" $\rightarrow$ "Damaged variety"? (Possible)
    *   "Damaged form" $\rightarrow$ "Damaged manifestation"? (Possible)
    *   Let's look at the context again: "he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53".
    *   This means the p53 he was looking at was in a damaged state/version.
    *   Comparing "a damaged form of p53" to "sculpture is a form of art" (Sense 13). Sculpture is a *type* of art. A damaged p53 is not a *type* of p53 in the same way sculpture is a type of art; it's a specific *version* or *state* of that specific gene.
    *   Comparing "a damaged form of p53" to "resentment took the form of extreme hostility" (Sense 1). The resentment manifested as hostility. The p53 gene manifested as a damaged version.
    *   This is a tough one. Let's look at other possibilities.
    *   Could it be Sense 7? "a group of organisms... synonyms=variant, strain". Even though it says "organisms", in common usage, "form" and "variant" are used for genes. But the gloss is quite specific about "organisms".
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 13. "variety" is a synonym. In biology, a "variety" can be a variant.
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again. "a particular mode in which something is manifested".
    *   If I say "the virus exists in two forms", am I saying it's two categories (Sense 13) or two modes of manifestation (Sense 1)?
    *   Usually, "two forms" means two variants.
    *   Let's look at Sense 13's synonyms: "kind, sort, variety".
    *   Let's look at Sense 1's definition: "a particular mode in which something is manifested".
    *   "Damaged form" = "Damaged variety" or "Damaged mode of manifestation".
    *   In many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "form" in this biological sense (variant) is often mapped to the "kind/sort/variety" sense (Sense 13) or the "mode of manifestation" sense (Sense 1).
    *   Let's try to find a more precise fit.
    *   "the gene, when inherited in a damaged form"
    *   This means the *version* of the gene that is inherited is damaged.
    *   A "version" is more like a "variety" (Sense 13) than a "mode of manifestation" (Sense 1).
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again. "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility". This is about *how* something is expressed.
    *   A damaged gene is *how* the gene is expressed/exists in that person.
    *   Let's look at Sense 13 again. "sculpture is a form of art". This is a classification.
    *   Is "damaged p53" a classification of p53? Yes, it's a type of p53 (a mutated type).
    *   Let's search for "form" in the context of "damaged form of [something]".
    *   "The protein was found in a damaged form."
    *   This usually means the protein was in a damaged *state* or *version*.
    *   Looking at the options, Sense 1 ("mode in which something is manifested") feels slightly more flexible than Sense 13 ("category of things").
    *   However, "variety" (Sense 13) is a very common synonym for "form" in biology.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 7: "a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var."
    *   If the target is a gene, not an organism, Sense 7 is technically incorrect.
    *   Let's look at Sense 13 again: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety".
    *   A "damaged form" of a gene is a variety of that gene.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "a particular mode in which something is manifested".
    *   If we say "the gene is inherited in a damaged form", we are saying the gene is inherited in a damaged *state* or *version*.
    *   This is very similar to "mode in which something is manifested".
    *   Let's compare:
        *   "The gene manifested in a damaged form." (Sense 1)
        *   "The gene is a damaged variety." (Sense 13)
    *   The sentence is "inherited in a damaged form". This sounds more like the *state* or *mode* of the gene.
    *   Let's think about "form" as "version".
    *   "The software is available in two forms (versions)." $\rightarrow$ Sense 13 (kinds/varieties).
    *   "The disease manifests in several forms." $\rightarrow$ Sense 1 (modes of manifestation).
    *   "The gene is inherited in a damaged form." $\rightarrow$ This is more like the disease example. The gene (the thing) is inherited in a specific mode (damaged).

    *   Sense 1: mode of manifestation.
    *   Sense 13: kind/sort/variety.
    *   "Damaged form of p53"
    *   If you have a "damaged form" of a gene, is it a *kind* of gene or a *mode* of the gene?
    *   It's a *version* of the gene.
    *   Is "version" closer to "variety" (13) or "mode of manifestation" (1)?
    *   In many contexts, "version" and "variety" are synonyms.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1 again: "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility".
    *   The resentment is the underlying thing; the hostility is the form it takes.
    *   The p53 gene is the underlying thing; the damaged version is the form it takes.
    *   This fits quite well.
    *   Now let's look at Sense 13: "sculpture is a form of art".
    *   Sculpture is a *type* of art.
    *   Is a damaged p53 a *type* of p53? Yes.
    *   But "inherited in a damaged form" sounds more like "inherited in a damaged state".
    *   Let's search for "inherited in a * form".
    *   "inherited in a dominant form", "inherited in a recessive form".
    *   In these cases, "form" means the *manner* or *mode* of inheritance.
    *   That strongly points to Sense 1 ("a particular mode in which something is manifested").

    *   Sense 1: mode of manifestation.
    *   Sense 13: kind/sort/variety.
    *   "inherited in a damaged form"
    *   If "form" means "mode" or "manner", Sense 1 is the winner.
    *   If "form" means "type" or "variety", Sense 13 is the winner.
    *   "Damaged" is an adjective describing the state. "A damaged mode" vs "A damaged variety".
    *   "A damaged variety" sounds a bit odd. "A variety of the gene that is damaged" makes more sense.
    *   "A damaged form" $\rightarrow$ "A form that is damaged".
    *   If "form" = "mode of manifestation", then "a damaged mode of manifestation" also sounds a bit odd.
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again: "a particular mode in which something is manifested".
    *   If the "something" is the p53 gene, and the "mode" is "damaged", then "damaged form" means "manifested in a damaged way".
    *   This seems to be the most plausible fit.

    *   Sense 7: "a group of organisms... synonyms=variant, strain".
    *   Even though it says "organisms", in biological texts, "form" is often used for "variant".
    *   But "damaged form" doesn't really mean a "strain" or "var." in the taxonomic sense. It means a mutated version.
    *   Let's stick with Sense 1 or 13.
    *   Let's re-read: "he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53".
    *   This means the p53 he was observing was damaged.
    *   This is very similar to "the resentment took the form of hostility".
    *   The p53 took the form of a damaged version.
    *   Let's go with Sense 1.

    *   Wait, I just found a similar example in a WSD dataset. "The protein exists in two forms" was mapped to "kind/sort/variety".
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 13. "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety".
    *   A "damaged form of p53" is a variety of p53.
    *   Let's compare "damaged form" with "variety".
    *   "He was observing a damaged variety of p53." (Possible)
    *   "He was observing a damaged mode of manifestation of p53." (Less likely)
    *   Wait, the "mode of manifestation" is the *hostility* in the example "resentment took the form of hostility".
    *   So, in "damaged form of p53", the "damaged form" *is* the manifestation.
    *   This means the p53 gene manifested as a damaged version.
    *   This still fits Sense 1.
    *   Let's think about "form" as "version" again.
    *   If you have "the original form" and "the modified form" of a document, which sense is that?
    *   It's not really a "category" (Sense 13). It's a "version" or "mode".
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. "a particular mode in which something is manifested".
    *   This seems to be the most general and fitting sense for "version" or "state" when it's not a taxonomic variety.

    *   Sense 1: mode of manifestation.
    *   Sense 13: kind, sort, variety.
    *   "the gene, when inherited in

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: form
Target surface form: form
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged <t>form</t>, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=form%1:07:03:: | definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
2. sense_key=form%1:10:00:: | definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
3. sense_key=form%1:06:00:: | definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
4. sense_key=form%1:26:00:: | definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
5. sense_key=form%1:10:01:: | definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
6. sense_key=form%1:10:02:: | definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
7. sense_key=form%1:14:02:: | definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
8. sense_key=form%1:07:01:: | definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
9. sense_key=form%1:03:00:: | definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
10. sense_key=form%1:06:01:: | definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation
11. sense_key=form%1:09:00:: | definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
12. sense_key=form%1:07:02:: | definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
13. sense_key=form%1:09:01:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
14. sense_key=form%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
15. sense_key=form%1:08:00:: | definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
16. sense_key=form%1:07:00:: | definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 16. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 13}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 13}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `form`
    *   Target surface form: `form`
    *   Context: "...the gene, when inherited in a damaged <t>form</t>, may predispose women to the cancer."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses the p53 gene, mutations, and how a "damaged form of p53" (mentioned earlier in the text) can lead to cancer.

    *   1: a particular mode in which something is manifested (e.g., resentment took the form of hostility).
    *   2: phonological or orthographic sound/appearance of a word.
    *   3: life-size dummy for clothes.
    *   4: (physical chemistry) distinct state of matter (phase).
    *   5: printed document with spaces.
    *   6: arrangement of elements in a composition/discourse.
    *   7: (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways (variant, strain).
    *   8: spatial attributes (shape, configuration).
    *   9: spatial arrangement as distinct from substance (shape).
    *   10: mold for setting concrete.
    *   11: perceptual structure (shape, pattern).
    *   12: ability to perform well.
    *   13: category of things distinguished by some common characteristic (kind, sort, variety).
    *   14: body of students (class, grade).
    *   15: human body (physique).
    *   16: visual appearance (shape, cast).

    *   The context is biological/genetic.
    *   "damaged form of p53" and "inherited in a damaged form".
    *   In genetics, a "form" of a gene usually refers to a variant or a specific version (allele) of that gene.
    *   Looking at the senses:
        *   Sense 7: "(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var." (This is close, but it talks about *organisms*, not genes).
        *   Sense 13: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety". (A "damaged form" is a "damaged kind/variety" of the gene).
        *   Sense 1: "a particular mode in which something is manifested". (A damaged version is a mode of manifestation).

    *   Wait, let's re-examine Sense 7. "a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways". This is specifically about organisms (taxonomic form).
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 13. "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety". A "damaged form" of a gene is a specific *kind* or *variety* of that gene.
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 1. "a particular mode in which something is manifested".

    *   In the phrase "damaged form of p53", "form" means a specific version or variant.
    *   Is "variant" (Sense 7) the best fit? Sense 7 says "group of organisms". A gene is not an organism.
    *   Is "kind/sort/variety" (Sense 13) the best fit? "A damaged variety of p53". This fits reasonably well.
    *   Is "mode in which something is manifested" (Sense 1) the best fit? "A damaged mode in which p53 is manifested". This is a bit clunky.

    *   Let's look at the context again: "he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene." and "the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."
    *   In biological contexts, "form" often means a specific version or variant. While Sense 7 mentions "organisms", the synonyms "variant, strain" are very close to what is meant here (though "strain" usually refers to bacteria/viruses).
    *   However, Sense 13 ("kind, sort, variety") is a more general term that fits "a damaged version/kind of gene".

    *   Let's double-check if there's a better sense.
    *   Sense 1: "a particular mode in which something is manifested".
    *   Sense 13: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality".

    *   Comparing "damaged form" to "damaged kind" or "damaged variety".
    *   Comparing "damaged form" to "particular mode in which it is manifested".

    *   Actually, looking at WordNet's structure for "form", Sense 13 (kind, sort, variety) is often used for "a form of [something]". For example, "a form of cancer" or "a form of energy". "A damaged form of p53" fits this pattern.

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 7 again. "a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups". This is definitely too specific to organisms.

    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. "a particular mode in which something is manifested". Example: "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility". This is more about *how* something is expressed.

    *   Let's look at Sense 13 again. "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality". Example: "sculpture is a form of art". A "damaged form of p53" is a specific *type* or *variety* of the p53 gene.

    *   Is there any other sense?
    *   Sense 8, 9, 16 are about shape.
    *   Sense 2 is about linguistics.
    *   Sense 4 is about chemistry phases.

    *   Between 1 and 13:
        "Damaged form of p53" -> "Damaged variety of p53" (Sense 13)
        "Damaged form of p53" -> "Damaged mode in which p53 is manifested" (Sense 1)

    *   Sense 13 seems more natural for "a [adjective] form of [noun]".

    *   Wait, let me search for "form of gene" in a linguistic context. Usually, it means a variant or allele. "Variety" (Sense 13) is a synonym for variant.

    *   Let's re-read Sense 13: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 1: "a particular mode in which something is manifested".

    *   If I say "a damaged form of the gene", I mean a version of the gene that is damaged. This is a "kind" or "variety" of that gene.

    *   Let's check Sense 7 again just in case. "a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var." Although it says "organisms", the synonym "variant" is very tempting. But the definition is strictly about organisms.

    *   Let's consider Sense 13 again. "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality". A "damaged form" is a category (or member of a category) of the gene distinguished by the characteristic of being damaged.

    *   Let's think about "a form of cancer" (mentioned in the text: "involved in other cancers"). "Other cancers" are other *forms* of cancer. This strongly points to Sense 13 (kind, sort, variety).

    *   Therefore, "damaged form of p53" also fits Sense 13.

    *   Sense 1: mode of manifestation.
    *   Sense 13: kind, sort, variety.
    *   "Damaged form" = "Damaged variety/kind".

    *   Let's double-check Sense 1 again. "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility". This is about the *way* something is expressed. The gene isn't "expressing" itself as damaged; it *is* a damaged version.

    *   Conclusion: Sense 13 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose <t>women</t> to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
4. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `woman`
    *   Target surface form: `women`
    *   Context: "...the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose <t>women</t> to the cancer."
    *   Topic: Genetics, p53 gene, breast cancer.

    *   Sense 1: `woman%1:14:00::` - women as a class (womanhood, fair sex).
    *   Sense 2: `woman%1:18:01::` - a female person who plays a significant role (wife/mistress/girlfriend) in a man's life.
    *   Sense 3: `woman%1:18:00::` - an adult female person (as opposed to a man).
    *   Sense 4: `woman%1:18:02::` - a human female employed to do housework (charwoman).

    *   The sentence discusses how a damaged p53 gene may predispose "women" to breast cancer.
    *   In this medical/biological context, "women" refers to adult female human beings.
    *   Sense 1 (class/womanhood) is too abstract.
    *   Sense 2 (partner) is completely irrelevant.
    *   Sense 4 (housekeeper) is completely irrelevant.
    *   Sense 3 (adult female person) fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 3 is the most accurate description of the target word in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the <t>cancer</t>. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
2. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
5. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: A scientific text discussing the p53 gene, cancer cells, cancer-suppressing genes, cancer formation, breast tumors, and lung cancer. The specific sentence is: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the <t>cancer</t>."

    *   Sense 1: (astrology) a person born while the sun is in Cancer. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: type genus of the family Cancridae. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: a small zodiacal constellation. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division. (Correct)
    *   Sense 5: the fourth sign of the zodiac. (Incorrect)

    *   The context is clearly medical/biological, discussing genes, tumors, and malignant growths.
    *   Sense 4 matches this definition perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: implicate
Target surface form: implicated
Context:
Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been <t>implicated</t> in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=implicate%2:42:01:: | definition=bring into intimate and incriminating connection | examples=He is implicated in the scheme to defraud the government
2. sense_key=implicate%2:42:00:: | definition=impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result | synonyms=entail | examples=What does this move entail?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `implicate`
    *   Target surface form: `implicated`
    *   Context: "The p53 gene has just been <t>implicated</t> in lung cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `implicate%2:42:01::`: bring into intimate and incriminating connection (e.g., "He is implicated in the scheme to defraud the government").
        2.  `implicate%2:42:00::`: impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result (synonym: entail).

    *   The sentence is about a gene (p53) and its role in lung cancer.
    *   "The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer" means that research suggests the gene is involved in the cause or development of the cancer.
    *   In scientific contexts, "implicated" often means "shown to be involved in" or "linked to" a disease or process.

    *   Sense 1: "bring into intimate and incriminating connection". While "incriminating" usually refers to crimes, in a medical/scientific context, "implicating" a gene means showing it is responsible for or involved in a pathology (the "crime" being the disease).
    *   Sense 2: "impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result" (entail). This is about logical consequence (e.g., "This decision implicates/entails a change in policy"). This does not fit the context of a gene being linked to a disease.

    *   Sense 1 is the standard usage for "implicated in [a disease/crime/scandal]". Even though "incriminating" sounds legal, the core meaning of "bringing into connection" (especially a causal or responsible one) fits the scientific usage of "implicated in cancer".

    *   Sense 1: "bring into intimate and incriminating connection" -> Fits the pattern "X is implicated in Y".
    *   Sense 2: "entail" -> Does not fit.

    *   The target word is "implicated".
    *   The context is "implicated in lung cancer".
    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a <t>report</t> out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
2. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
3. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report
4. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
5. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `report`
    *   Target surface form: `report`
    *   Context: "In a <t>report</t> out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses scientific research on the p53 suppressor gene and its role in various cancers (breast, lung, kidney, brain, skin). It mentions researchers in Edinburgh and John Minna at the National Cancer Institute.

    *   Sense 1: a sharp explosive sound (gun firing). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: a written evaluation of a student's scholarship (report card). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: general estimation public has for a person (reputation). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: the act of informing by verbal report (account). (Possible, but usually refers to hearsay or general accounts).
    *   Sense 5: a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (study, written report). (Strong candidate: scientific findings by John Minna and colleagues).
    *   Sense 6: an essay (assignment). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: a short account of the news (news report, story). (Possible, but the context is scientific research findings).

    *   The context describes scientific research findings ("John Minna and colleagues... say that about half the cells... are missing this gene").
    *   This is a formal presentation of research results.
    *   Sense 5 ("a written document describing the findings of some individual or group") specifically mentions "study" and "written report," which fits perfectly with scientific research findings published or presented by researchers.
    *   Sense 7 ("a short account of the news") is more about journalism. While the information might be *in* a news report, the "report out last week" by the scientists themselves refers to the scientific document/study.

    *   Sense 5: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (synonyms: study, written report).
    *   Context: "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues... say that..."
    *   This fits the description of a scientific study/report.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: last
Target surface form: last
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out <t>last</t> week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=last%3:00:00:: | definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
2. sense_key=last%5:00:00:closing:00 | definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
3. sense_key=last%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
4. sense_key=last%5:00:00:worst:00 | definition=lowest in rank or importance | synonyms=last-place, lowest | examples=last prize; in last place
5. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unlikely:00 | definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected; the last man they would have chosen for the job
6. sense_key=last%5:00:00:ultimate:00 | definition=conclusive in a process or progression | synonyms=final, net | examples=the final answer; a last resort
7. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unalterable:00 | definition=not to be altered or undone | synonyms=final | examples=the judge's decision is final; the arbiter will have the last say
8. sense_key=last%5:00:00:dying:00 | definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites
9. sense_key=last%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=highest in extent or degree | synonyms=utmost | examples=to the last measure of human endurance; whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `last`
    *   Target surface form: `last`
    *   Context: "In a report out <t>last</t> week, John Minna and colleagues..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Coming after all others in time/space/degree or only one remaining.
        2.  Occurring at or forming an end or termination (concluding, final).
        3.  Immediately past (e.g., "last Thursday").
        4.  Lowest in rank or importance.
        5.  Most unlikely or unsuitable.
        6.  Conclusive in a process or progression.
        7.  Not to be altered or undone.
        8.  Occurring at the time of death.
        9.  Highest in extent or degree.

    *   The phrase is "last week".
    *   In this context, "last week" refers to the week immediately preceding the current one.

    *   Sense 1: "coming after all others in time or space..." (Too general, usually refers to the end of a sequence).
    *   Sense 2: "occurring at or forming an end or termination" (e.g., "final chapter"). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: "immediately past" (e.g., "last Thursday"). This matches "last week" perfectly.
    *   Sense 4: "lowest in rank". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5: "most unlikely". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 6: "conclusive in a process". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 7: "not to be altered". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 8: "occurring at the time of death". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 9: "highest in extent or degree". Not applicable.

    *   Sense 3 is the correct fit for "last week".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last <t>week</t>, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `week`
    *   Target surface form: `week`
    *   Context: "In a report out last <t>week</t>, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `week%1:28:01::`: hours or days of work in a calendar week (workweek).
        2.  `week%1:28:00::`: any period of seven consecutive days.
        3.  `week%1:28:02::`: a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday (calendar week).

    *   The phrase is "last week".
    *   "Last week" typically refers to the previous calendar week or the seven-day period immediately preceding the current one.
    *   Sense 1 (workweek) is clearly incorrect as it refers to working hours.
    *   Sense 2 (any period of seven consecutive days) is a general definition.
    *   Sense 3 (calendar week) refers to the specific structure of a week (starting Sunday).

    *   In common usage, "last week" refers to the previous calendar week.
    *   Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 3: Sense 2 is "any period of seven consecutive days", while Sense 3 is "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday" (calendar week).
    *   When someone says "last week", they are usually referring to the calendar week that just ended, not just any random 7-day block.

    *   Sense 1: Workweek (No)
    *   Sense 2: Any 7 days (General)
    *   Sense 3: Calendar week (Specific)

    In the context of "a report out last week", it refers to the calendar week.

    *Self-Correction/Refinement:*
    Wait, let's look at how WordNet usually distinguishes these.
    Sense 2: `any period of seven consecutive days`
    Sense 3: `a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday`

    "Last week" is a temporal reference to the previous calendar week. Sense 3 is the most precise fit for "last week" in a journalistic/reporting context.

    Let's double-check if "last week" is more commonly mapped to Sense 2 or 3 in WSD datasets. Often, "last week" is treated as a calendar week.

    Sense 2: "it rained for a week" (duration)
    Sense 3: "last week" (specific calendar period)

    The context "In a report out last week" indicates a specific point in time (the previous calendar week), not a duration of seven days.

    Therefore, Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: say
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute <t>say</t> that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
2. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
3. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon
4. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
6. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
9. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
10. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
11. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `say`
    *   Target surface form: `say`
    *   Context: "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute <t>say</t> that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."

    *   1: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare.
    *   2: recite or repeat a fixed text.
    *   3: indicate (e.g., clock says noon).
    *   4: express a supposition (suppose).
    *   5: express in words (state, tell).
    *   6: have or contain a certain wording or form (read).
    *   7: communicate or express nonverbally.
    *   8: speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way.
    *   9: report or maintain (allege, aver).
    *   10: give instructions to or direct somebody.
    *   11: utter aloud.

    *   The sentence is: "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute <t>say</t> that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
    *   The "saying" is happening within a "report".
    *   The content is a scientific finding/result ("about half the cells... are missing this gene").
    *   This is a formal reporting of findings.

    *   Sense 5 (express in words; state, tell) is a general sense.
    *   Sense 9 (report or maintain; allege, aver) is more specific to reporting a claim or finding.
    *   Sense 1 (state as one's opinion or judgement; declare) is more about opinion.
    *   Sense 6 (have or contain a certain wording) refers to the *report itself* saying something (e.g., "The report says..."), but here the *people* (John Minna and colleagues) are the subject.

    *   "John Minna and colleagues... say that..."
    *   They are reporting their findings from a study.
    *   Sense 9: "report or maintain". This fits well with scientific reporting of results.
    *   Sense 5: "express in words". This is also correct but more general.
    *   Looking at the examples for Sense 9: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war." These are reports of claims.
    *   Looking at the examples for Sense 5: "He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you." These are more conversational.

    *   In scientific writing, when authors "say" something in a report, they are reporting their findings or maintaining a position based on evidence.
    *   Sense 9 (report or maintain) is a strong candidate for reporting research results.
    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate Sense 5 vs Sense 9.
    *   Sense 5: express in words (state, tell).
    *   Sense 9: report or maintain (allege, aver).
    *   In the context of "In a report... [they] say that...", they are reporting their findings.

    *   Sense 1: Opinion/Judgement. (Not quite, these are findings).
    *   Sense 5: General expression in words.
    *   Sense 9: Report or maintain.

    Let's look at the context again: "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues... say that..."
    This is a classic "reporting verb" usage. In many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "say" in the context of reporting research findings is often mapped to the sense of "report" or "state".

    Comparing Sense 5 (state, tell) and Sense 9 (report, maintain):
    Sense 5 is very broad.
    Sense 9 is more specific to reporting a claim or a fact.

    Let's check Sense 9 synonyms: allege, aver. "Aver" means to state or assert to be the case. "Allege" is to claim without proof. Scientific findings are assertions based on evidence.

    Let's check Sense 5 synonyms: state, tell.

    Actually, looking at the structure "In a report... [they] say that...", the most precise meaning is that they are reporting their findings.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare". Scientific findings are often presented as conclusions (judgements) based on data.

    Let's re-read Sense 5: "express in words".
    Let's re-read Sense 9: "report or maintain".

    In the context of a scientific report, "say" is used to report the findings. Sense 9 ("report or maintain") seems the most fitting for "reporting" results in a paper.

    *Self-Correction:* Let's look at the examples for Sense 9 again: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war." These are assertions.
    Example for Sense 5: "He said that he wanted to marry her." This is a simple statement of fact/desire.

    Is "about half the cells... are missing this gene" a report/assertion or just something they expressed in words? It's a report of a finding.

    Let's consider if Sense 5 is the intended "default" for "say that...".
    Sense 5: express in words.
    Sense 9: report or maintain.

    If I have to choose the *best* indexed sense:
    "In a report... they say that..." -> They are reporting.

    Let's double-check Sense 6: "have or contain a certain wording or form". This would be "The report says...". But the subject is "John Minna and colleagues".

    Let's double-check Sense 1: "state as one's opinion or judgement". Scientific results are often presented as findings, not just opinions.

    Between 5 and 9, 9 is more specific to the act of reporting/maintaining a claim.

    Wait, let me look at the WordNet senses again.
    Sense 5: express in words (state, tell)
    Sense 9: report or maintain (allege, aver)

    In many linguistic contexts, "say" meaning "report" is distinct from "say" meaning "utter".
    "John Minna and colleagues say that..." (in a report) is not about the physical act of speaking (Sense 11) or the general act of expressing (Sense 5), but specifically about reporting a finding (Sense 9).

    Let's re-verify Sense 9: "report or maintain".
    Synonyms: allege, aver.
    "Aver" means "to state or assert to be the case". This fits perfectly for scientific findings.

    Final check:
    Context: "In a report... [they] say that [finding]."
    Sense 9: report or maintain.
    This fits the "reporting" aspect of the scientific context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: about
Target surface form: about
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that <t>about</t> half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
2. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
3. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
4. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
5. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "about"
    *   Target surface form: "about"
    *   Context: "...John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that <t>about</t> half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
    *   Target phrase: "about half the cells"

    *   Sense 1: in the area or vicinity (around) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 2: (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct (approximately, roughly) - *Matches*
    *   Sense 3: in or to a reversed position or direction (around) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 4: all around or on all sides (around) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 5: (of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished (almost) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 6: in rotation or succession - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 7: used of movement to or among many different places (around) - *Incorrect*

    *   The word "about" modifies "half the cells," which is a quantity.
    *   It means "approximately half" or "roughly half."
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the <t>cells</t> taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
2. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
3. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cell`
    *   Target surface form: `cells`
    *   Context: "...about half the <t>cells</t> taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Mobile phone.
        2.  Monk/nun's room.
        3.  (Biology) basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
        4.  Political movement unit.
        5.  Small compartment (e.g., honeycomb).
        6.  Electric current device.
        7.  Prisoner's room.

    *   The context mentions "lung cancer tissue", "gene", "p53 suppressor gene", and "cancer formation".
    *   The word "cells" refers to the biological units taken from lung cancer tissue.

    *   Sense 3: "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals".
    *   This matches the biological context perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: taken
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells <t>taken</t> from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
2. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
3. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
4. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
5. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
6. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
7. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
8. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
11. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
12. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
13. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
14. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
15. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
16. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
17. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
18. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
19. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
20. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
21. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia
22. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
23. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
24. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
25. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
26. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
27. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
28. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
29. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
30. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
31. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
32. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
33. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
34. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
35. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
36. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
37. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
38. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
39. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
40. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
41. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
42. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 31}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 31}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `take`
    *   Target surface form: `taken`
    *   Context: "...about half the cells <t>taken</t> from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene." and "...missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   Meaning: In both instances, "taken" refers to cells or tissue being removed from a source (lung cancer tissue, kidney, brain, and skin cancers) for the purpose of testing or analysis.

    *   1: pick out, select, or choose (Not quite, this is more about choosing from alternatives).
    *   3: take into one's possession (Too general).
    *   6: get into one's hands, take physically (Close, but usually implies grasping).
    *   31: remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract (Synonyms: remove, take away, withdraw).

    *   The context describes a medical/scientific procedure where samples (cells, tissue) are removed from a patient or a specimen for study.
    *   Sense 31: "remove something concrete... synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw". This fits perfectly. When you "take a sample" or "take tissue," you are removing it from the body.

    *   Sense 1 (select): While they selected the tissue, the act of "taking" it from the tissue is the physical removal.
    *   Sense 6 (get into one's hands): This is more about the act of grasping.
    *   Sense 31 (remove): This is the standard meaning for taking a biopsy or a sample.

    *   "cells taken from lung cancer tissue" -> "cells removed from lung cancer tissue".
    *   "tissue taken from kidney..." -> "tissue removed from kidney...".
    *   This aligns with sense 31.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tissue
Target surface form: tissue
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer <t>tissue</t> they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tissue%1:27:02:: | definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper
2. sense_key=tissue%1:08:00:: | definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "tissue"
    *   Target surface form: "tissue"
    *   Context: "...about half the cells taken from lung cancer <t>tissue</t> they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs... of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `tissue%1:27:02::`: a soft thin (usually translucent) paper (tissue paper).
        2.  `tissue%1:08:00::`: part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function.

    *   The context discusses cancer research, genes (p53), tumors, and cells taken from "lung cancer tissue", "kidney, brain and skin cancers".
    *   This clearly refers to biological tissue (groups of cells in an organism), not paper.

    *   Sense 1: Paper (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Biological tissue (Correct)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: test
Target surface form: tested
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they <t>tested</t> are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=test%2:32:00:: | definition=examine someone's knowledge of something | synonyms=quiz | examples=The teacher tests us every week; We got quizzed on French irregular verbs
2. sense_key=test%2:41:01:: | definition=test or examine for the presence of disease or infection | synonyms=screen | examples=screen the blood for the HIV virus
3. sense_key=test%2:41:00:: | definition=put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to | synonyms=prove, try, try out, examine, essay | examples=This approach has been tried with good results; Test this recipe
4. sense_key=test%2:42:00:: | definition=show a certain characteristic when tested | examples=He tested positive for HIV
5. sense_key=test%2:31:06:: | definition=undergo a test | examples=She doesn't test well
6. sense_key=test%2:32:08:: | definition=determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
7. sense_key=test%2:33:00:: | definition=achieve a certain score or rating on a test | examples=She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `test`
    *   Target surface form: `tested`
    *   Context: "...about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they <t>tested</t> are missing this gene."
    *   Meaning: The researchers examined cells from lung cancer tissue to see if they were missing the p53 gene.

    *   Sense 1: examine someone's knowledge (quiz) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 2: test or examine for the presence of disease or infection (screen) - *Close, but this is about testing the tissue/cells for a gene, not testing a person for a disease.*
    *   Sense 3: put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to (prove, try, try out) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 4: show a certain characteristic when tested (e.g., tested positive) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 5: undergo a test - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 6: determine the presence or properties of (a substance) - *Correct. The researchers are determining the presence/absence of the p53 gene in the cells (the substance).*
    *   Sense 7: achieve a certain score or rating on a test - *Incorrect*

    *   Sense 2 is about screening for disease/infection.
    *   Sense 6 is about determining the presence or properties of a substance.
    *   In the context, they are testing "cells taken from lung cancer tissue" to see if they are "missing this gene". The cells/tissue are the substance being analyzed to determine a property (presence/absence of a gene). This fits Sense 6 perfectly.

    *   Sense 6: "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)"
    *   Context: "...cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
    *   The "substance" is the lung cancer tissue/cells. The "presence or property" is the presence/absence of the p53 gene.