[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with <t>China</t> and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware
3. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
4. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `china`
    *   Target surface form: `China`
    *   Context: A text discussing climate change negotiations between the U.S. and other major powers, specifically mentioning "China and United States feuding over their respective obligations".
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `china%1:15:00::`: A communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC).
        2.  `china%1:06:01::`: Dishware made of high quality porcelain.
        3.  `china%1:06:00::`: High quality porcelain.
        4.  `china%1:15:01::`: Government on the island of Taiwan (Republic of China).

    *   The context mentions "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern", "Obama administration", "Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei", "major developing countries", and "the world's two dozen most influential countries".
    *   The specific sentence is: "...with <t>China</t> and United States feuding over their respective obligations..."
    *   This clearly refers to the country (the People's Republic of China), not porcelain or Taiwan.

    *   Sense 1: Communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC). Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Dishware. Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: Porcelain. Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: Taiwan (Republic of China). Incorrect.

    *   The best sense is Sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and <t>United States</t> feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `united_states`
    *   Target surface form: `United States`
    *   Context: "...with China and <t>United States</t> feuding over their respective obligations..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `united_states%1:15:00::`: North American republic containing 50 states (the country/nation).
        2.  `united_states%1:14:00::`: The executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government (the government).

    *   The sentence is: "The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and <t>United States</t> feuding over their respective obligations..."
    *   The context discusses climate negotiations, greenhouse-gas emissions, the Obama administration, and the "major powers" (China and the US).
    *   "China and United States feuding over their respective obligations" refers to the nations/countries as geopolitical entities.
    *   While the "government" (sense 2) is the entity actually negotiating, in the context of "China and United States," "China" usually refers to the country/state, and "United States" is paired with it.
    *   Looking at the broader context: "The United States is not going to do a deal...", "America's top climate negotiator...", "world's major powers".
    *   In "China and United States feuding", it refers to the sovereign states/nations.

    *   Sense 1: The country (North American republic).
    *   Sense 2: The federal government.
    *   In geopolitical contexts, "China" and "the United States" typically refer to the nations (Sense 1), even if the actions are carried out by their governments. The phrase "major powers" strongly suggests the nations.

    *   The target is "United States".
    *   It is paired with "China".
    *   They are described as "major powers".
    *   They are "feuding over their respective obligations".
    *   This fits the concept of the nation-state (Sense 1) better than just the federal government branches (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: North American republic...
    *   Sense 2: executive and legislative and judicial branches...
    *   The context "China and United States feuding" refers to the countries.

    *   Wait, let me double-check. Often, "the United States" in a political context can be metonymy for the government. However, when paired with "China" as "major powers," it almost always refers to the sovereign states.

    *   Sense 1: Country.
    *   Sense 2: Government.
    *   "China and United States feuding" -> The countries are feuding.

    *   Sense 1 is the most comprehensive and standard fit for "major powers" and the general reference to the nation.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: obligation
Target surface form: obligations
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective <t>obligations</t> while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obligation%1:21:00:: | definition=a written promise to repay a debt | synonyms=debt instrument, certificate of indebtedness
2. sense_key=obligation%1:10:00:: | definition=a legal agreement specifying a payment or action and the penalty for failure to comply
3. sense_key=obligation%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being obligated to do or pay something | examples=he is under an obligation to finish the job
4. sense_key=obligation%1:04:00:: | definition=the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; ; - John D.Rockefeller Jr | synonyms=duty, responsibility | examples=we must instill a sense of duty in our children; every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty
5. sense_key=obligation%1:24:00:: | definition=a personal relation in which one is indebted for a service or favor | synonyms=indebtedness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `obligation`
    *   Target surface form: `obligations`
    *   Context: "...with China and United States feuding over their respective <t>obligations</t> while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action."
    *   General context: Climate change negotiations, binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions, financial help, who should bear the costs, accountability for big emitters.

    *   Sense 1: `a written promise to repay a debt` (Financial instrument). -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: `a legal agreement specifying a payment or action and the penalty for failure to comply` (Contractual/Legal document). -> Possible, but the context is more about general responsibilities/duties in a global political sense rather than a specific signed contract.
    *   Sense 3: `the state of being obligated to do or pay something` (The condition of being bound). -> Possible, but usually refers to the *state* of being under obligation.
    *   Sense 4: `the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; duty, responsibility` (Moral or social duty). -> Very strong fit. The text discusses "scientific imperative," "taking action," "bearing costs," and "accountability." These are duties/responsibilities.
    *   Sense 5: `a personal relation in which one is indebted for a service or favor` (Personal indebtedness). -> Not applicable.

    *   The text mentions "binding cuts," "voluntary ones," "taking action," "bear the costs," and "hold the big emitters accountable."
    *   The "obligations" here refer to the duties or responsibilities that the US and China have toward the planet and each other in the context of climate change.
    *   Sense 4 explicitly lists "duty" and "responsibility" as synonyms.
    *   Sense 2 is too narrow (a specific legal agreement).
    *   Sense 3 is the *state* of being obligated, whereas "their respective obligations" refers to the specific duties themselves.

    *   Sense 4: "the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; duty, responsibility". This fits perfectly with the geopolitical and moral debate over who is responsible for cutting emissions.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: nation
Target surface form: nations
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer <t>nations</t> insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=nation%1:14:02:: | definition=a federation of tribes (especially Native American tribes) | examples=the Shawnee nation
2. sense_key=nation%1:18:00:: | definition=United States prohibitionist who raided saloons and destroyed bottles of liquor with a hatchet (1846-1911) | synonyms=Carry Nation, Carry Amelia Moore Nation
3. sense_key=nation%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
4. sense_key=nation%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=land, country | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `nation`
    *   Target surface form: `nations`
    *   Context: "...while poorer <t>nations</t> insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `nation%1:14:02::`: a federation of tribes (especially Native American tribes).
        2.  `nation%1:18:00::`: United States prohibitionist (Carry Nation).
        3.  `nation%1:14:00::`: a politically organized body of people under a single government (synonyms: state, country, land, commonwealth).
        4.  `nation%1:14:01::`: the people who live in a nation or country (synonyms: land, country).

    *   The sentence mentions "poorer nations" in the context of international climate negotiations, contrasting them with "the world's two dozen most influential countries."
    *   The context involves governments, international agreements, and diplomatic relations (U.S. special climate envoy, Chinese vice foreign minister, Costa Rican delegate).
    *   "Poorer nations" here refers to sovereign states or countries.

    *   Sense 1: Federation of tribes. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: A specific person (Carry Nation). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: A politically organized body of people under a single government (state, country). (Correct)
    *   Sense 4: The people who live in a nation or country. (Incorrect - the context is about the political entities/states insisting on action, not the collective population as a demographic group).

    *   Sense 3 fits perfectly as it refers to the political entity (country/state).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: world
Target surface form: world
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the <t>world</t>'s two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=world%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=Earth, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world
2. sense_key=world%1:17:02:: | definition=a part of the earth that can be considered separately | examples=the outdoor world; the world of insects
3. sense_key=world%1:14:01:: | definition=people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest | synonyms=domain | examples=the Western world
4. sense_key=world%1:17:01:: | definition=everything that exists anywhere | synonyms=universe, existence, creation, cosmos, macrocosm | examples=they study the evolution of the universe; the biggest tree in existence
5. sense_key=world%1:14:02:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, public | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public
6. sense_key=world%1:09:01:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, earth | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
7. sense_key=world%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women
8. sense_key=world%1:09:00:: | definition=all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you | synonyms=reality | examples=his world was shattered; we live in different worlds

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "world"
    *   Target surface form: "world"
    *   Context: "...poorer nations insist that the <t>world</t>'s two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action."

    *   Sense 1: The 3rd planet from the sun (Earth, globe).
    *   Sense 2: A part of the earth that can be considered separately (outdoor world, world of insects).
    *   Sense 3: People in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest (domain, Western world).
    *   Sense 4: Everything that exists anywhere (universe, cosmos).
    *   Sense 5: People in general considered as a whole (populace, public).
    *   Sense 6: Concerns of this life vs. afterlife.
    *   Sense 7: All living human inhabitants of the earth (human race, humanity).
    *   Sense 8: Personal experiences/reality.

    *   The phrase is "the world's two dozen most influential countries".
    *   Here, "world" refers to the global community or the totality of nations/people on Earth.
    *   Looking at the candidate senses:
        *   Sense 1 (Planet) is physical.
        *   Sense 3 (People in general/distinctive group) fits well when referring to "the Western world" or "the developing world" (which appears earlier in the text: "developing world", "industrial world").
        *   Sense 5 (People in general as a whole/populace) is similar but usually refers to the public.
        *   Sense 7 (Human race/humanity) is about the species.

    *   The text uses "developing world" and "industrial world" earlier. These are clearly Sense 3 (distinctive groups of people/nations).
    *   "the world's two dozen most influential countries" refers to the global community of nations.
    *   Comparing Sense 3 and Sense 5: Sense 3 specifically mentions "a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" and gives "the Western world" as an example. "The world" in "the world's most influential countries" functions similarly to "the global community" or "the international community".
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 3 again: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest".
    *   Let's look at Sense 5: "people in general considered as a whole".
    *   Let's look at Sense 7: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth".
    *   In the phrase "the world's two dozen most influential countries", "world" is used as a collective noun for the global community of nations.
    *   If we look at the examples for Sense 3 ("the Western world"), it matches the usage of "developing world" and "industrial world" in the same paragraph. "The world's two dozen most influential countries" is essentially referring to the global set of nations.

    *   Sense 1: Planet (Physical) - No.
    *   Sense 2: Part of earth (e.g., world of insects) - No.
    *   Sense 3: People in general / distinctive group (e.g., Western world) - Yes, this fits the pattern of "developing world" and "industrial world" used in the text.
    *   Sense 4: Universe - No.
    *   Sense 5: Populace/Public - No.
    *   Sense 6: Earthly concerns - No.
    *   Sense 7: Human race - No.
    *   Sense 8: Personal reality - No.

    The phrase "the world's two dozen most influential countries" means the countries of the world. This is a collective reference to the global community. Sense 3's example "the Western world" is the closest match for this type of geopolitical usage.

    *Self-Correction:* Is it Sense 5 (populace)? No, "populace" doesn't fit "the world's countries". Is it Sense 7 (humanity)? No. Is it Sense 1 (the planet)? While "the planet's most influential countries" is possible, "world" in a geopolitical context usually refers to the people/nations (Sense 3).

    Let's re-read Sense 3: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest".
    "The world" in "the world's two dozen most influential countries" refers to the global community of people/nations.

    Let's check if Sense 1 (the planet) is better. "The planet's two dozen most influential countries". It's possible, but "world" in "developing world" and "industrial world" (used twice in the preceding sentence) strongly points to Sense 3.

    Wait, "the world's two dozen most influential countries" -> "the countries of the world".
    If "world" = "the planet", then it's Sense 1.
    If "world" = "the global community of people/nations", then it's Sense 3.

    In "the Western world", "world" means a group of people/nations.
    In "the world's most influential countries", "world" refers to the totality of these groups.

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 3: "domain".
    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: "Earth, globe".

    Actually, "the world's most influential countries" is very similar to "the globe's most influential countries". But given the context of "developing world" and "industrial world", Sense 3 is the most consistent.

    Wait, let me re-evaluate Sense 3 vs Sense 5.
    Sense 3: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest"
    Sense 5: "people in general considered as a whole"

    "The world's two dozen most influential countries" -> The countries of the global population/community.
    This feels more like Sense 3 (the global community) than Sense 5 (the public).

    Let's double-check Sense 1 again. "the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world".
    "the world's two dozen most influential countries" could be seen as "the planet's...".
    However, in political discourse, "the world" almost always refers to the human society/community.

    Let's look at the phrase "the world's two dozen most influential countries".
    If I replace "world" with "humanity" (Sense 7), it doesn't fit.
    If I replace "world" with "populace" (Sense 5), it doesn't fit.
    If I replace "world" with "the Western world" (Sense 3), it fits the pattern.
    If I replace "world" with "Earth" (Sense 1), it fits grammatically.

    But "developing world" and "industrial world" are definitely Sense 3. The author is using "world" in a geopolitical sense throughout the paragraph.

    Sense 3: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest"
    Example: "the Western world"
    This matches "developing world", "industrial world", and "the world's [most influential countries]".

    Final check:
    Sense 1: Planet
    Sense 2: Part of earth
    Sense 3: People/Group (Western world)
    Sense 4: Universe
    Sense 5: Populace
    Sense 6: Earthly life
    Sense 7: Human race
    Sense 8: Personal reality

    Sense 3 is the best fit for geopolitical usage.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential <t>countries</t> are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
2. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
3. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country
4. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `country`
    *   Target surface form: `countries`
    *   Context: "...poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential <t>countries</t> are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action."
    *   Surrounding context: Mentions of "industrialized countries", "major emerging economies", "developed world", "Obama administration", "China", "United States", "major developing countries", "major powers", "poorer nations", "vulnerable countries".

    *   Sense 1: Rural area (outside cities/towns). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: The people who live in a nation (the populace). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: A geographical region of indefinite boundary. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: A politically organized body of people under a single government (state, nation). (Strong candidate)
    *   Sense 5: The territory occupied by a nation (land). (Strong candidate)

    *   The sentence refers to "the world's two dozen most influential countries".
    *   It discusses political obligations, negotiations (Todd Stern, Chinese vice foreign minister), and actions taken by governments (Obama administration, China, US).
    *   The focus is on the political entities (states/nations) acting as agents in international diplomacy, not the physical land they occupy.
    *   Sense 4 ("a politically organized body of people under a single government") fits the concept of a sovereign state/nation acting in a diplomatic capacity.
    *   Sense 5 ("the territory occupied by a nation") refers to the physical land. While often used interchangeably, in the context of "influential countries" taking "action" and "ignoring the scientific imperative", the political entity (Sense 4) is the intended meaning.

    *   Sense 4 synonyms: state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic.
    *   Sense 5 synonyms: state, land.
    *   The context "influential countries" clearly points to the political entity (the state/nation) rather than the physical territory.

    *   Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: imperative
Target surface form: imperative
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific <t>imperative</t> to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=imperative%1:04:00:: | definition=some duty that is essential and urgent
2. sense_key=imperative%1:24:00:: | definition=a mood that expresses an intention to influence the listener's behavior | synonyms=imperative mood, jussive mood, imperative form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `imperative`
    *   Target surface form: `imperative`
    *   Context: "...poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific <t>imperative</t> to take bolder action."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `imperative%1:04:00::` - some duty that is essential and urgent.
        2.  `imperative%1:24:00::` - a mood that expresses an intention to influence the listener's behavior (grammar).

    *   The sentence says "the scientific imperative to take bolder action."
    *   This refers to a necessity or a duty driven by scientific evidence/facts.
    *   It is not referring to a grammatical mood (the imperative mood).

    *   Sense 1: "some duty that is essential and urgent" fits perfectly. The "scientific imperative" is the urgent need/duty to act based on science.
    *   Sense 2: "a mood that expresses an intention to influence the listener's behavior" is a linguistic term and does not fit the context of climate change and global policy.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cost
Target surface form: costs
Context:
The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the <t>costs</t> for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cost%1:21:00:: | definition=the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor
2. sense_key=cost%1:07:01:: | definition=value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something | synonyms=price, toll | examples=the cost in human life was enormous; the price of success is hard work
3. sense_key=cost%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold) | synonyms=monetary value, price | examples=the fluctuating monetary value of gold and silver; he puts a high price on his services

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cost`
    *   Target surface form: `costs`
    *   Context: "...the major powers are fighting over who should bear the <t>costs</t> for curbing greenhouse gases..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cost%1:21:00::`: the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor.
        2.  `cost%1:07:01::`: value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something (synonyms: price, toll; examples: cost in human life, price of success).
        3.  `cost%1:07:00::`: the property of having material worth (synonyms: monetary value, price; examples: monetary value of gold).

    *   The sentence is about "bearing the costs for curbing greenhouse gases."
    *   "Curbing greenhouse gases" involves a variety of expenses: financial investment in new technology, economic losses from shifting away from fossil fuels, political capital, and effort.
    *   The phrase "bear the costs" often refers to who pays or who suffers the burden.

    *   Sense 1: "the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor." This is more about the *actual expenditure* for a specific purchase or project.
    *   Sense 2: "value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something." This is broader and covers the "burden" or "toll" associated with an action (like curbing greenhouse gases). The example "the price of success is hard work" fits the idea of a trade-off or a burden borne to achieve a goal.
    *   Sense 3: "the property of having material worth." This is about the *value* of an object (e.g., the cost of a diamond). This doesn't fit here.

    *   Is it Sense 1 (total spent) or Sense 2 (what must be given/undergone)?
    *   "Curbing greenhouse gases" is a global effort/goal. The "costs" here aren't just a bill for a service (Sense 1), but the overall burden (economic, social, political) that must be endured to achieve the goal of climate mitigation.
    *   "Bear the cost" is a common collocation for Sense 2 (the burden/toll).

    *   Sense 1: Total spent for goods/services.
    *   Sense 2: Value measured by what must be given/done/undergone (price/toll).
    *   The context "bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases" aligns better with the idea of a burden or a price to be paid (Sense 2) than a simple invoice for services (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: "the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor"
    *   Sense 2: "value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something"
    *   In the context of international climate negotiations, "costs" refers to the economic and political sacrifices required to reach a goal. This fits Sense 2's "what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something" perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable <t>countries</t> have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country
2. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
3. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `country`
    *   Target surface form: `countries`
    *   Context: "...even as vulnerable <t>countries</t> have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses international relations, climate change negotiations, the Obama administration, China, the United States, "major developing countries", "poorer nations", "most influential countries", and "major powers".

    *   Sense 1: `country%1:15:02` - geographical region of indefinite boundary (e.g., mountainous area).
    *   Sense 2: `country%1:14:01` - the people who live in a nation or country (e.g., the nation's mood).
    *   Sense 3: `country%1:14:00` - a politically organized body of people under a single government (e.g., African nations, state).
    *   Sense 4: `country%1:15:01` - an area outside of cities and towns (rural area).
    *   Sense 5: `country%1:15:00` - the territory occupied by a nation (e.g., European countries).

    *   The context refers to "vulnerable countries" in the context of international climate negotiations, holding "big emitters accountable", and interacting with "major powers" and "poorer nations".
    *   This refers to sovereign states/political entities acting on the world stage.
    *   Sense 3 (`politically organized body of people under a single government`) fits best because it describes the political entity (the state/nation) that enters into agreements, takes action, and holds others accountable.
    *   Sense 5 (`territory occupied by a nation`) refers to the physical land. While "countries" often refers to both, in the context of diplomatic negotiations and accountability, the political entity (Sense 3) is the primary meaning.

    *   Sense 3: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" (Synonyms: state, nation).
    *   Sense 5: "the territory occupied by a nation" (Synonyms: state, land).
    *   In "vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable", the "countries" are acting as political agents. This strongly points to Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: action
Target surface form: actions
Context:
The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their <t>actions</t>. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: | definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
2. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: | definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
3. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
4. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: | definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible
5. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: | definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
6. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: | definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
7. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
8. sense_key=action%1:22:00:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
9. sense_key=action%1:10:00:: | definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
10. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: | definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `action`
    *   Target surface form: `actions`
    *   Context: "...vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their <t>actions</t>."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses climate change, government policies, the Obama administration, China, the US, and the obligations of major powers to curb greenhouse gases.

    *   Sense 1: Operating part of a mechanism (e.g., piano action). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: An act by a government body or supranational organization. -> Possible.
    *   Sense 3: The state of being active. -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: Most important/interesting work/activity in a field. -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: Something done (usually as opposed to something said). -> Possible.
    *   Sense 6: Judicial proceeding. -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 7: Trait of being active/energetic. -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 8: Process produced by nature. -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 9: Series of events forming a plot. -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 10: Military engagement. -> Incorrect.

    *   Sense 2: "an act by a government body or supranational organization"
    *   Sense 5: "something done (usually as opposed to something said)"

    *   The sentence is: "...vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions."
    *   "Big emitters" refers to countries (like the US and China) that emit large amounts of greenhouse gases.
    *   "Accountable for their actions" refers to the things these countries have done (or failed to do) regarding emissions.
    *   While these are government-level entities, "actions" in the phrase "hold someone accountable for their actions" is a very general term for things they have done.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "an act by a government body or supranational organization".
    *   Let's look at Sense 5 again: "something done (usually as opposed to something said)".
    *   In the context of "holding someone accountable for their actions," it usually refers to the general deeds or behaviors (Sense 5) rather than a specific legislative "act" (Sense 2). However, since the "big emitters" are nations, their "actions" are indeed acts by government bodies.
    *   Wait, let's re-read the context. The text mentions "taking action" (Sense 2 or 5) several times:
        *   "...taking action, said Stern..."
        *   "...take bolder action."
        *   "...hold the big emitters accountable for their actions."
    *   In "taking action" (to solve a problem), it often aligns with Sense 2 (government action).
    *   In "accountable for their actions," it refers to the things they have done (their behavior/deeds).
    *   Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 5:
        *   Sense 2: "an act by a government body..." (Example: "recent federal action undermined the segregationist position")
        *   Sense 5: "something done (usually as opposed to something said)" (Example: "stories of murders and other unnatural actions")
    *   Actually, "hold accountable for their actions" is a common idiom where "actions" means the things they have done.
    *   Is "actions" here specifically referring to government acts (Sense 2) or just things done (Sense 5)?
    *   The "big emitters" are countries. The "actions" are the emissions and the policies (or lack thereof).
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "recent federal action undermined the segregationist position". This is a specific policy or law.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 5: "stories of murders and other unnatural actions". This is more about deeds.
    *   In the phrase "hold [someone] accountable for their actions," the word "actions" typically refers to their conduct or deeds.
    *   If we look at the broader context, the text is about government policy. The "actions" of the big emitters are their policies and their failure to curb emissions.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "an act by a government body or supranational organization".
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 5: "something done (usually as opposed to something said)".
    *   Usually, "hold accountable for their actions" maps to the general sense of "things they have done."
    *   Let's check if there's a better fit.
    *   Sense 2 is very specific to government/supranational bodies. The "big emitters" are countries.
    *   Sense 5 is the general "something done."
    *   In many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "actions" in the context of "holding someone accountable" is often mapped to the general sense of "deeds" or "things done."
    *   Let's look at the phrase "take action" used earlier in the text: "taking action", "take bolder action". These are more likely Sense 2 (government action).
    *   But the target is "accountable for their actions".
    *   If I have to choose between 2 and 5:
        *   Sense 2: Government act.
        *   Sense 5: Something done.
    *   The "actions" for which they are held accountable are the emissions themselves and the policies that allowed them. This fits "something done" (Sense 5) very well. It also fits "act by a government body" (Sense 2) because the emitters are countries.
    *   However, "hold accountable for their actions" is a general expression.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2 again: "the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action". This is very similar to "taking action" to solve a problem.
    *   The target "actions" (plural) in "accountable for their actions" feels more like "deeds" (Sense 5).

    *   Sense 2: "an act by a government body or supranational organization"
    *   Sense 5: "something done (usually as opposed to something said)"
    *   If the "big emitters" are countries, their "actions" are government actions.
    *   But "hold accountable for their actions" is a standard phrase for "deeds."
    *   Let's search for "hold accountable for their actions" in a corpus. It's almost always used in the sense of "deeds/conduct."
    *   Is "conduct/deeds" better represented by Sense 2 or Sense 5?
    *   Sense 5: "something done".
    *   Sense 2: "an act by a government body".
    *   If the subject is a government, Sense 2 is a more specific version of Sense 5.
    *   Wait, let's look at the examples for Sense 5 again: "stories of murders and other unnatural actions". This is about individual deeds.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "recent federal action undermined the segregationist position".
    *   The "actions" of the big emitters are their policies and their failure to act.
    *   Actually, looking at the context "hold the big emitters accountable for their actions", it's referring to the countries' behavior.
    *   Let's consider if Sense 2 is more appropriate because the entities are governments.
    *   "The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action" -> This "action" is definitely Sense 2.
    *   "...ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action" -> This "action" is definitely Sense 2.
    *   "...hold the big emitters accountable for their actions" -> This "actions" refers back to the same thing: the policies and deeds of these governments.
    *   If the previous instances of "action" in the same text are Sense 2, it's highly likely this one is too.

    *   Sense 2: "an act by a government body or supranational organization"
    *   Sense 5: "something done (usually as opposed to something said)"
    *   The "big emitters" are countries (government bodies). Their "actions" are the things they have done (or not done) as governments.
    *   Sense 2 is more specific and fits the context of international relations and government policy perfectly.

    *   Sense 2: "an act by a government body or supranational organization"
    *   Sense 5: "something done (usually as opposed to something said)"
    *   In the phrase "hold [someone] accountable for their actions," "actions" can be general. But when the [someone] is a government, and the context is government policy, Sense 2 is a very strong candidate.
    *   Let's double-check Sense 5's example: "stories of murders and other unnatural actions". This is very different from government policy.
    *   Let's double-check Sense 2's example: "the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action". This is very close to "taking action" and "accountable for their actions" in a geopolitical context.

    *   The target is "actions" (plural).
    *   Sense 2: "an act by a government body..." (singular in definition, but can be plural).
    *   Sense 5: "something done..." (singular in definition, but can be plural).
    *   The context is entirely about government behavior on a global scale. Sense 2 is the most precise fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: central_america
Target surface form: Central America
Context:
The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and <t>Central America</t> climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=central_america%1:15:00:: | definition=the isthmus joining North America and South America; extends from the southern border of Mexico to the northern border of Colombia
2. sense_key=central_america%1:14:00:: | definition=the nations of Central America collectively

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `central_america`
    *   Target surface form: `Central America`
    *   Context: "...who also serves as the regional Mexico and <t>Central America</t> climate change adviser for Conservation International."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `central_america%1:15:00::`: the isthmus joining North America and South America; extends from the southern border of Mexico to the northern border of Colombia (Geographic region/landmass).
        2.  `central_america%1:14:00::`: the nations of Central America collectively (Political/collective entity).

    *   The phrase is "regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser".
    *   The person is an adviser for "Conservation International".
    *   The context discusses climate change, international treaties (Copenhagen), and the actions of nations/countries.
    *   An "adviser" for a region usually deals with the political entities (nations) within that region, especially in the context of international policy and climate change.
    *   "Mexico and Central America" refers to the group of countries in that area.

    *   Sense 1 refers to the physical landmass (the isthmus).
    *   Sense 2 refers to the nations collectively.
    *   In the context of being a "climate change adviser" for a region, the focus is on the political and administrative entities (the nations) rather than just the physical strip of land.

    *   Sense 2 is the better fit because the role of an adviser involves working with governments and policies of the nations in that region.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the <t>countries</t> most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country
3. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
4. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
5. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `country`
    *   Target surface form: `countries`
    *   Context: "Some of the <t>countries</t> most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen..."
    *   Surrounding context: Mentions of "Chinese vice foreign minister", "United States", "poorer nations", "influential countries", "Costa Rican delegate", "major powers", "Alliance of Small Island States".

    *   Sense 1: `country%1:14:00` - a politically organized body of people under a single government (state, nation).
    *   Sense 2: `country%1:15:02` - a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (area).
    *   Sense 3: `country%1:15:01` - an area outside of cities and towns (rural area).
    *   Sense 4: `country%1:14:01` - the people who live in a nation or country (nation, land).
    *   Sense 5: `country%1:15:00` - the territory occupied by a nation (state, land).

    *   The sentence says "Some of the countries... indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty".
    *   "Pushing for a treaty" is an action performed by a political entity (a government/state), not just a piece of land (Sense 5) or a rural area (Sense 3) or a vague geographical region (Sense 2).
    *   While "the people" (Sense 4) might want a treaty, treaties are negotiated and signed by political bodies (governments).
    *   Sense 1 ("a politically organized body of people under a single government") fits best because it describes the sovereign entity capable of negotiating and entering into international treaties.

    *   Sense 1: Politically organized body (state/nation). Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 5: Territory. While often used interchangeably with Sense 1, the action of "pushing for a treaty" is a political act, making Sense 1 more precise.

    *   The context is about international diplomacy, treaties, and government representatives (delegates, ministers). This strongly points to the political entity sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: impact
Target surface form: impact
Context:
Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the <t>impact</t> of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=impact%1:11:00:: | definition=the striking of one body against another
2. sense_key=impact%1:19:00:: | definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | synonyms=wallop | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking; the book packs a wallop
3. sense_key=impact%1:04:00:: | definition=influencing strongly | synonyms=impingement, encroachment | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture
4. sense_key=impact%1:04:01:: | definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | synonyms=shock | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `impact`
    *   Target surface form: `impact`
    *   Context: "Some of the countries most vulnerable to the <t>impact</t> of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `impact%1:11:00::` - the striking of one body against another (physical collision).
        2.  `impact%1:19:00::` - a forceful consequence; a strong effect (e.g., "the book had an important impact on my thinking").
        3.  `impact%1:04:00::` - influencing strongly; synonyms: impingement, encroachment (e.g., "impingement of American values").
        4.  `impact%1:04:01::` - the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat (e.g., "shock of battle").

    *   The phrase is "the impact of climate change".
    *   Climate change doesn't physically "strike" a country like a billiard ball (Sense 1).
    *   Climate change doesn't involve armies entering combat (Sense 4).
    *   Sense 3 ("influencing strongly", "impingement", "encroachment") is more about intrusion or interference.
    *   Sense 2 ("a forceful consequence; a strong effect") fits perfectly. The "impact of climate change" refers to the strong effects or consequences that climate change has on vulnerable countries.

    *   Sense 2: "a forceful consequence; a strong effect". This is the standard meaning used when discussing the effects of environmental changes, policies, or events.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: participant
Target surface form: participants
Context:
Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major <t>participants</t> say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=participant%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who participates in or is skilled at some game | synonyms=player
2. sense_key=participant%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who takes part in an activity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `participant`
    *   Target surface form: `participants`
    *   Context: "...although most of the major <t>participants</t> say the talks will produce a political deal at best."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses climate change negotiations (Copenhagen), involving countries (China, US, Costa Rica, Alliance of Small Island States), delegates, and treaties.

    *   Sense 1: `participant%1:18:01::` | definition: "a person who participates in or is skilled at some game" | synonyms: "player"
    *   Sense 2: `participant%1:18:00::` | definition: "someone who takes part in an activity"

    *   The "participants" in the sentence are the countries/delegates involved in the climate change talks (the "activity").
    *   While the text mentions a "game where a new economic hegemony is being developed," the word "participants" refers to the entities involved in the *talks* (the diplomatic activity), not players in a literal or metaphorical game in the sense of Sense 1.
    *   Sense 2 ("someone who takes part in an activity") is the general and correct fit for people or entities taking part in diplomatic negotiations.

    *   Sense 1 is too specific to games/players.
    *   Sense 2 is the general meaning of taking part in an activity (the talks).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political <t>deal</t> at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
4. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
5. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
6. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
7. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
8. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `deal`
    *   Target surface form: `deal`
    *   Context: "...although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political <t>deal</t> at best."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses climate change negotiations (Copenhagen), treaties, obligations, and major powers fighting over costs.

    *   Sense 1: Wood (softwood). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: An agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each. (Strong candidate: "political deal" in the context of international talks/treaties).
    *   Sense 3: Cards held in a card game. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: A particular instance of buying or selling (trade/business deal). (Possible, but "political deal" usually refers to an agreement/compromise rather than a commercial transaction).
    *   Sense 5: Act of distributing playing cards. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: A plank of softwood. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: A large number or amount. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: Type of treatment received. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 9: Act of apportioning or distributing something. (Incorrect)

    *   The context is about international climate negotiations ("talks will produce a political deal").
    *   Sense 2 defines it as "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each." This fits perfectly with the context of diplomatic negotiations and treaties.
    *   Sense 4 is more about commercial transactions ("buying or selling"). While "deal" is used in business, "political deal" in this context refers to a diplomatic agreement.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: member
Target surface form: members
Context:
With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 <t>members</t>, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=member%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations) | examples=the library was a member of the interlibrary loan association; Canada is a member of the United Nations
2. sense_key=member%1:18:00:: | definition=one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | synonyms=fellow member | examples=only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty
3. sense_key=member%1:08:00:: | definition=an external body part that projects from the body | synonyms=extremity, appendage | examples=it is important to keep the extremities warm
4. sense_key=member%1:08:01:: | definition=the male organ of copulation (`member' is a euphemism) | synonyms=penis, phallus
5. sense_key=member%1:24:00:: | definition=anything that belongs to a set or class | examples=snakes are members of the class Reptilia; members of the opposite sex

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `member`
    *   Target surface form: `members`
    *   Context: "The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 <t>members</t>, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning."

    *   Sense 1: "an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations)"
    *   Sense 2: "one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)"
    *   Sense 3: "an external body part that projects from the body"
    *   Sense 4: "the male organ of copulation"
    *   Sense 5: "anything that belongs to a set or class"

    *   The context refers to "The Alliance of Small Island States" having 43 "members".
    *   The "Alliance of Small Island States" is a group of nations (states).
    *   Therefore, the "members" are the states/countries that belong to this alliance.

    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "especially a state that belongs to a group of nations". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 refers to "persons". The members of the Alliance are countries, not individual persons.
    *   Sense 3 and 4 refer to body parts. Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5 is a general "set or class". While technically true, Sense 1 is much more specific and accurate for a group of nations.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: draft
Target surface form: draft
Context:
With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page <t>draft</t> treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=draft%1:21:00:: | definition=a document ordering the payment of money; drawn by one person or bank on another | synonyms=bill of exchange, order of payment
2. sense_key=draft%1:13:00:: | definition=a serving of drink (usually alcoholic) drawn from a keg | synonyms=draught, potation, tipple | examples=they served beer on draft
3. sense_key=draft%1:04:03:: | definition=compulsory military service | synonyms=conscription, muster, selective service
4. sense_key=draft%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of moving a load by drawing or pulling | synonyms=draught, drawing
5. sense_key=draft%1:06:02:: | definition=a regulator for controlling the flow of air in a fireplace
6. sense_key=draft%1:19:00:: | definition=a current of air (usually coming into a chimney or room or vehicle) | synonyms=draught
7. sense_key=draft%1:07:00:: | definition=the depth of a vessel's keel below the surface (especially when loaded) | synonyms=draught
8. sense_key=draft%1:06:01:: | definition=a preliminary sketch of a design or picture | synonyms=rough drawing
9. sense_key=draft%1:04:02:: | definition=a large and hurried swallow | synonyms=gulp, draught, swig | examples=he finished it at a single gulp
10. sense_key=draft%1:10:00:: | definition=any of the various versions in the development of a written work | synonyms=draft copy | examples=a preliminary draft; the final draft of the constitution
11. sense_key=draft%1:06:00:: | definition=a dose of liquid medicine | synonyms=draught | examples=he took a sleeping draft

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `draft`
    *   Target surface form: `draft`
    *   Context: "The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page <t>draft</t> treaty proposal early Friday morning."

    *   1: Payment document (bill of exchange).
    *   2: Serving of drink from a keg.
    *   3: Compulsory military service.
    *   4: Act of moving a load.
    *   5: Fireplace air regulator.
    *   6: Current of air.
    *   7: Depth of a vessel's keel.
    *   8: Preliminary sketch of a design/picture.
    *   9: Large swallow of liquid.
    *   10: Version in the development of a written work (e.g., preliminary draft, final draft of the constitution).
    *   11: Dose of liquid medicine.

    *   The context mentions a "24-page draft treaty proposal".
    *   A "treaty proposal" is a written work.
    *   "Draft" here describes a preliminary version of this written proposal.
    *   This matches sense 10: "any of the various versions in the development of a written work".

    *   Sense 8 is for sketches/pictures.
    *   Sense 10 is for written works.
    *   A treaty proposal is a written work.