[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: proposal
Target surface form: proposal
Context:
With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty <t>proposal</t> early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proposal%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of making a proposal | synonyms=proposition | examples=they listened to her proposal
2. sense_key=proposal%1:10:02:: | definition=an offer of marriage | synonyms=marriage proposal, proposal of marriage, marriage offer
3. sense_key=proposal%1:10:00:: | definition=something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `proposal`
    *   Target surface form: `proposal`
    *   Context: "The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty <t>proposal</t> early Friday morning."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `proposal%1:10:01::`: the act of making a proposal (proposition)
        2.  `proposal%1:10:02::`: an offer of marriage
        3.  `proposal%1:10:00::`: something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)

    *   The context mentions a "24-page draft treaty proposal".
    *   A "draft treaty proposal" is a document containing a plan or a set of terms being proposed for a treaty.
    *   It is not the *act* of proposing (sense 1).
    *   It is certainly not a marriage proposal (sense 2).
    *   It is "something proposed" (a plan/document), which fits sense 3.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of making a proposal" (e.g., "they listened to her proposal" - though this example is ambiguous, the definition specifies the *act*).
    *   Sense 2: "an offer of marriage".
    *   Sense 3: "something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)".

    A "24-page draft treaty proposal" is a physical/digital document representing the *thing* being proposed. This aligns perfectly with sense 3.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: morning
Target surface form: morning
Context:
With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday <t>morning</t>. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=morning%1:28:01:: | definition=the first light of day | synonyms=dawn, dawning, aurora, first light, daybreak, break of day | examples=we got up before dawn; they talked until morning
2. sense_key=morning%1:11:00:: | definition=the earliest period | synonyms=dawn | examples=the dawn of civilization; the morning of the world
3. sense_key=morning%1:10:00:: | definition=a conventional expression of greeting or farewell | synonyms=good morning
4. sense_key=morning%1:28:00:: | definition=the time period between dawn and noon | synonyms=morn, morning time, forenoon | examples=I spent the morning running errands

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "morning"
    *   Target surface form: "morning"
    *   Context: "...produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday <t>morning</t>."

    *   Sense 1: "the first light of day" (dawn, daybreak).
    *   Sense 2: "the earliest period" (dawn of civilization).
    *   Sense 3: "a conventional expression of greeting or farewell" (good morning).
    *   Sense 4: "the time period between dawn and noon" (morn, morning time, forenoon).

    *   The phrase is "early Friday morning".
    *   This refers to a specific time of day on a specific date.
    *   It doesn't mean the exact moment of first light (Sense 1), the metaphorical beginning of an era (Sense 2), or a greeting (Sense 3).
    *   It refers to the period of the day before noon (Sense 4).

    *   Sense 4 fits perfectly: "the time period between dawn and noon".

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: climate
Target surface form: climate
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international <t>climate</t> negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election
2. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `climate`
    *   Target surface form: `climate`
    *   Context: "...Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international <t>climate</t> negotiations on behalf of the European Commission..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses saving the planet, greenhouse gases, climate change, and treaties in Copenhagen.

    *   Sense 1: `climate%1:26:01::` | definition: the prevailing psychological state | synonyms: mood | examples: the climate of opinion.
    *   Sense 2: `climate%1:26:00::` | definition: the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms: clime | examples: the dank climate of southern Wales.

    *   The context is about "international climate negotiations," "curbing greenhouse gases," and "climate change."
    *   This clearly refers to the environmental/meteorological meaning of climate (long-term weather patterns), not the psychological mood.

    *   Sense 2 matches the environmental context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: negotiation
Target surface form: negotiations
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate <t>negotiations</t> on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=negotiation%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion intended to produce an agreement | synonyms=dialogue, talks | examples=the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue
2. sense_key=negotiation%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `negotiation`
    *   Target surface form: `negotiations`
    *   Context: "...Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate <t>negotiations</t> on behalf of the European Commission..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `negotiation%1:10:00::`: a discussion intended to produce an agreement (synonyms: dialogue, talks).
        2.  `negotiation%1:04:00::`: the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms.

    *   The sentence is: "Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission..."
    *   Runge-Metzger "heads" these negotiations.
    *   The context mentions "the talks" and "the political process."
    *   "International climate negotiations" refers to the ongoing process/activity of negotiating climate agreements (like the Copenhagen summit mentioned earlier).

    *   Sense 1: "a discussion intended to produce an agreement" (singular event or a specific set of talks).
    *   Sense 2: "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms" (the general field, the professional activity, or the ongoing process).

    *   If someone "heads international climate negotiations," they are likely in charge of the *activity* or the *business* of negotiating (Sense 2), rather than just one specific discussion (Sense 1).
    *   However, "negotiations" (plural) often maps to "talks" (Sense 1).
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: "dialogue, talks".
    *   The text says "most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best."
    *   Runge-Metzger heads the "international climate negotiations." This sounds like a professional role overseeing the *process* or the *activity* of negotiating.
    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate. "Heads international climate negotiations" could mean he leads the delegation in the talks (Sense 1) or he manages the overall activity (Sense 2).
    *   Usually, "heads [plural] negotiations" refers to the specific series of talks.
    *   Let's compare:
        *   "The buyout negotiation lasted several days" (Sense 1).
        *   "The activity or business of negotiating" (Sense 2).
    *   In "heads international climate negotiations," is it the *activity* or the *talks*?
    *   If he is the head of the negotiations, he is leading the process.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms again. Sense 1: "talks". The text uses "talks" repeatedly ("most of the major participants say the talks will produce...", "The talks took on new urgency...").
    *   If "talks" = "negotiations" in this context, then Sense 1 is a very strong candidate.
    *   Sense 2 is more abstract ("the activity or business of").
    *   "Heads international climate negotiations" -> He leads the talks.

    *   Sense 1: a discussion intended to produce an agreement. (Plural: discussions/talks).
    *   Sense 2: the activity or business of negotiating.
    *   In the phrase "heads international climate negotiations," "negotiations" is used as a plural noun. Sense 1 is a count noun (a discussion). Sense 2 is an uncountable noun (the activity).
    *   Since "negotiations" is plural, it most naturally fits the count noun "discussion" (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: "a discussion intended to produce an agreement" (Synonyms: talks).
    *   Context: "heads international climate negotiations" / "the talks will produce a political deal" / "The talks took on new urgency".
    *   The mapping between "negotiations" and "talks" is explicit in the text.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: behalf
Target surface form: behalf
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on <t>behalf</t> of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=behalf%1:04:00:: | definition=as the agent of or on someone's part (usually expressed as  rather than ) | examples=on behalf of; in behalf of
2. sense_key=behalf%1:07:00:: | definition=for someone's benefit (usually expressed as `in behalf' rather than `on behalf' and usually with a possessive) | examples=in your behalf; campaigning in his own behalf

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `behalf`
    *   Target surface form: `behalf`
    *   Context: "...Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on <t>behalf</t> of the European Commission..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `behalf%1:04:00::`: as the agent of or on someone's part (usually expressed as "on behalf of").
        2.  `behalf%1:07:00::`: for someone's benefit (usually expressed as "in behalf of").

    *   The phrase is "on behalf of the European Commission".
    *   Artur Runge-Metzger is acting as the representative or agent of the European Commission in negotiations.
    *   He is not necessarily acting for their "benefit" in the sense of charity or advocacy for a cause they cannot represent themselves, but rather as their official representative/agent.

    *   Sense 1: "as the agent of or on someone's part" (on behalf of). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "for someone's benefit" (in behalf of). This is less fitting than the agency role.

    *   The context uses "on behalf of", which aligns with Sense 1.
    *   The role (heading negotiations) is a role of agency/representation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pressure
Target surface form: pressure
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political <t>pressure</t> on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pressure%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of demanding notice or attention | synonyms=imperativeness, insistence, insistency, press | examples=the insistence of their hunger; the press of business matters
2. sense_key=pressure%1:19:01:: | definition=the pressure exerted by the atmosphere | synonyms=atmospheric pressure, air pressure
3. sense_key=pressure%1:09:00:: | definition=the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin | synonyms=pressure sensation | examples=the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal
4. sense_key=pressure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure | synonyms=press, pressing | examples=he gave the button a press; he used pressure to stop the bleeding
5. sense_key=pressure%1:26:01:: | definition=an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
6. sense_key=pressure%1:19:00:: | definition=the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit) | synonyms=pressure level, force per unit area | examples=the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure
7. sense_key=pressure%1:07:00:: | definition=a force that compels | examples=the public brought pressure to bear on the government

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `pressure`
    *   Target surface form: `pressure`
    *   Context: "...the push by small island nations has 'put political <t>pressure</t> on the entire political process,' in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India."

    *   Sense 1: `the state of demanding notice or attention` (imperativeness, insistence).
    *   Sense 2: `the pressure exerted by the atmosphere` (atmospheric pressure).
    *   Sense 3: `the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin`.
    *   Sense 4: `the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure`.
    *   Sense 5: `an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress`.
    *   Sense 6: `the force applied to a unit area of surface` (physics).
    *   Sense 7: `a force that compels` (e.g., "the public brought pressure to bear on the government").

    *   The phrase is "put political pressure on the entire political process".
    *   The context describes small island nations demanding action and pushing for a treaty.
    *   This is a metaphorical "force" used to compel a specific outcome or action from a political entity.

    *   Sense 1 (demanding notice/attention) is close, but "political pressure" usually refers to the *force* used to compel action.
    *   Sense 7 ("a force that compels") specifically matches the example "the public brought pressure to bear on the government," which is almost identical in structure and meaning to "put political pressure on the entire political process."
    *   Sense 5 (oppressive condition) doesn't fit as well as Sense 7.

    *   Sense 7: "a force that compels" -> Example: "the public brought pressure to bear on the government".
    *   Context: "put political pressure on the entire political process".
    *   This is a perfect match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: process
Target surface form: process
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political <t>process</t>," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=process%1:08:00:: | definition=a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant | synonyms=outgrowth, appendage | examples=a bony process
2. sense_key=process%1:09:01:: | definition=a mental process that you are not directly aware of | synonyms=unconscious process | examples=the process of denial
3. sense_key=process%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular course of action intended to achieve a result | synonyms=procedure | examples=the procedure of obtaining a driver's license; it was a process of trial and error
4. sense_key=process%1:03:00:: | definition=a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states | synonyms=physical process | examples=events now in process; the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls
5. sense_key=process%1:09:00:: | definition=(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents | synonyms=cognitive process, mental process, operation, cognitive operation | examples=the process of thinking; the cognitive operation of remembering
6. sense_key=process%1:10:00:: | definition=a writ issued by authority of law; usually compels the defendant's attendance in a civil suit; failure to appear results in a default judgment against the defendant | synonyms=summons

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `process`
    *   Target surface form: `process`
    *   Context: "...the push by small island nations has 'put political pressure on the entire political <t>process</t>,' in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses international climate negotiations, treaties, political deals, and the actions of various countries (China, US, small island nations) to reach an agreement.

    *   Sense 1: Natural prolongation/projection (biological). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Unconscious mental process. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: A particular course of action intended to achieve a result (synonym: procedure). (Possible)
    *   Sense 4: A sustained phenomenon marked by gradual changes (physical process). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Composite cognitive activity (psychology). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: A writ issued by authority of law (summons). (Incorrect)

    *   The "political process" refers to the series of actions, negotiations, and procedures used to reach a political agreement or treaty.
    *   Sense 3 ("a particular course of action intended to achieve a result") fits best here. The "political process" is the course of action (negotiations, diplomacy, drafting treaties) intended to achieve the result (a climate deal).

    *   Sense 3: "a particular course of action intended to achieve a result" / "procedure".
    *   Example: "the procedure of obtaining a driver's license".
    *   In the context of "political process", it refers to the systemic way political goals are pursued. This aligns well with Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: action
Target surface form: action
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding <t>action</t> from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: | definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
2. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. sense_key=action%1:10:00:: | definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
4. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
5. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: | definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
6. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: | definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea
7. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: | definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
8. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: | definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible
9. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: | definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
10. sense_key=action%1:22:00:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `action`
    *   Target surface form: `action`
    *   Context: "...demanding <t>action</t> from emerging economies such as China and India."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses climate change negotiations, treaties, obligations of countries (China, US, emerging economies), and the need for "bolder action" to save the planet.

    *   1: Operating part of a mechanism (e.g., piano action). -> Incorrect.
    *   2: State of being active (activity). -> Too general.
    *   3: Series of events in a plot (novel). -> Incorrect.
    *   4: Trait of being active/energetic (man of action). -> Incorrect.
    *   5: Something done (usually opposed to something said). -> Possible, but maybe too general.
    *   6: Military engagement. -> Incorrect.
    *   7: An act by a government body or supranational organization. -> Very strong fit. The context is about countries (government bodies) taking steps to curb greenhouse gases.
    *   8: Most important work/activity in a field (e.g., stocks). -> Incorrect.
    *   9: Judicial proceeding (legal action). -> Incorrect.
    *   10: Natural process. -> Incorrect.

    *   The sentence is: "...demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India."
    *   The "action" being demanded is policy change, emission reductions, and commitment to treaties—all of which are "acts by a government body."
    *   Sense 7 specifically mentions "an act by a government body or supranational organization" and gives the example "the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action...". This aligns perfectly with the context of international climate negotiations.

    *   Sense 5 is "something done (usually as opposed to something said)". While true, Sense 7 is more specific to the political/governmental context provided.

    *   Sense 7 is the most precise fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as <t>China</t> and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `china`
    *   Target surface form: `China`
    *   Context: "...demanding action from emerging economies such as <t>China</t> and India."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `china%1:15:00::`: A communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC).
        2.  `china%1:06:00::`: High quality porcelain.
        3.  `china%1:15:01::`: Government on the island of Taiwan (Republic of China).
        4.  `china%1:06:01::`: Dishware made of porcelain.

    *   The sentence mentions "emerging economies such as China and India."
    *   The context discusses climate change negotiations, greenhouse gases, and global political powers.
    *   "China" is grouped with "India" as an "emerging economy."
    *   This clearly refers to the country (the People's Republic of China), not porcelain or Taiwan.

    *   Sense 1: Communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC). Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Porcelain. Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: Taiwan (Republic of China). Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: Dishware. Incorrect.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: urgency
Target surface form: urgency
Context:
Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new <t>urgency</t> as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=urgency%1:26:01:: | definition=an urgent situation calling for prompt action | examples=I'll be there, barring any urgencies; they departed hurriedly because of some great urgency in their affairs
2. sense_key=urgency%1:07:00:: | definition=pressing importance requiring speedy action | examples=the urgency of his need
3. sense_key=urgency%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity
4. sense_key=urgency%1:10:00:: | definition=insistent solicitation and entreaty | synonyms=importunity, urging | examples=his importunity left me no alternative but to agree

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "urgency"
    *   Context: "The talks took on new <t>urgency</t> as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal."
    *   Meaning: The situation became more pressing; there was a heightened sense of necessity for quick action because of a deadline (the arrival of heads of government).

    *   Sense 1: "an urgent situation calling for prompt action" (e.g., "barring any urgencies"). This refers to a specific *event* or *emergency*.
    *   Sense 2: "pressing importance requiring speedy action" (e.g., "the urgency of his need"). This refers to the *quality* of being urgent.
    *   Sense 3: "the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity". This is very similar to Sense 2.
    *   Sense 4: "insistent solicitation and entreaty" (synonyms: importunity, urging). This refers to the *act* of urging someone.

    *   The sentence says "The talks took on new urgency".
    *   Does it mean the talks became a specific urgent situation (Sense 1)? No, the talks *acquired* a quality.
    *   Does it mean the talks became an act of insistent solicitation (Sense 4)? No.
    *   Is it "pressing importance requiring speedy action" (Sense 2) or "the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity" (Sense 3)?

    *   Sense 2: "pressing importance requiring speedy action"
    *   Sense 3: "the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity"

    Looking at the context: "The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive..."

    This describes a *state* or a *quality* that the talks acquired. "Took on new urgency" is a common idiom meaning the situation became more pressing.

    Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 3:
    Sense 2 focuses on "pressing importance".
    Sense 3 focuses on "the state of being urgent".

    In many WordNet versions, these are very close. Let's look at the examples.
    Sense 2 example: "the urgency of his need".
    Sense 3 has no example provided here, but the definition is "the state of being urgent".

    Wait, let's re-examine Sense 2 and 3.
    Sense 2: pressing importance requiring speedy action.
    Sense 3: the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity.

    "The talks took on new urgency" means the talks now have a quality of pressing importance/necessity.

    Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy if possible (mentally).
    Urgency (noun)
    - an urgent situation (Sense 1)
    - pressing importance (Sense 2)
    - the state of being urgent (Sense 3)
    - insistent solicitation (Sense 4)

    Usually, "took on urgency" refers to the *quality* of the situation.
    Sense 2: "pressing importance requiring speedy action"
    Sense 3: "the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity"

    Actually, looking at the provided options again:
    1. an urgent situation calling for prompt action
    2. pressing importance requiring speedy action
    3. the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity
    4. insistent solicitation and entreaty

    "The talks took on new urgency" fits "the state of being urgent" (Sense 3) or "pressing importance" (Sense 2).

    Let's re-read: "The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive..."

    This is describing the *character* or *state* of the talks. "The state of being urgent" (Sense 3) seems like a very broad and fitting description for "took on new urgency". "Pressing importance" (Sense 2) also fits.

    Let's check if there's a subtle difference.
    Sense 2: "pressing importance requiring speedy action"
    Sense 3: "the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity"

    Often, "urgency" in the sense of "a sense of urgency" or "took on urgency" maps to the quality/state.

    Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 2: "the urgency of his need" (The need is pressing).
    Sense 3: "the state of being urgent".

    If the talks "took on new urgency", they entered a "state of being urgent".

    Let's double-check Sense 2 again. "Pressing importance requiring speedy action". This also fits perfectly.

    Wait, let me look at the sense keys provided:
    Sense 1: urgency%1:26:01::
    Sense 2: urgency%1:07:00::
    Sense 3: urgency%1:26:00::
    Sense 4: urgency%1:10:00::

    In WordNet 3.0:
    urgency%1:07:00:: pressing importance requiring speedy action
    urgency%1:26:00:: the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity
    urgency%1:26:01:: an urgent situation calling for prompt action
    urgency%1:10:00:: insistent solicitation and entreaty

    "The talks took on new urgency" -> The talks became urgent. The quality they acquired was urgency.
    This is most commonly associated with the state of being urgent (Sense 3) or the pressing importance (Sense 2).

    Let's try to distinguish Sense 2 and 3 further.
    Sense 2: "pressing importance requiring speedy action"
    Sense 3: "the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity"

    If I say "the urgency of the matter", I mean its pressing importance (Sense 2).
    If I say "the talks took on urgency", I mean they entered a state of being urgent (Sense 3).

    Actually, "pressing importance" and "the state of being urgent" are almost identical in this context. However, "took on [quality]" usually refers to the state or characteristic.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "pressing importance requiring speedy action".
    Example: "the urgency of his need".

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 3: "the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity".

    In the context "The talks took on new urgency", the urgency is the *quality* of the situation.

    Let's look at how "urgency" is used in similar phrases:
    "A sense of urgency" -> Sense 3 (the state of being urgent).
    "The urgency of the situation" -> Sense 2 (pressing importance).

    "The talks took on new urgency" is very similar to "The talks acquired a new sense of urgency".

    Let's compare Sense 2 and 3 again.
    Sense 2: pressing importance requiring speedy action.
    Sense 3: the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity.

    If the talks "took on new urgency", they became more urgent. The "urgency" here is the quality of being urgent.

    Let's try to see if one is more "schematic" or "abstract".
    Sense 3 is "the state of being urgent".
    Sense 2 is "pressing importance".

    "The talks took on new urgency" = The talks took on a new state of being urgent.

    Let's check other sources for "took on urgency". It usually means the situation became more pressing.

    If I have to choose one:
    Sense 2: pressing importance requiring speedy action.
    Sense 3: the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity.

    Looking at the WordNet structure, Sense 3 (urgency%1:26:00) is the general state, and Sense 1 (urgency%1:26:01) is a specific instance (an urgent situation). Sense 2 (urgency%1:07:00) is "pressing importance".

    "The talks took on new urgency" -> The talks became more pressing.
    This fits "pressing importance requiring speedy action" (Sense 2) very well.

    Wait, let me search for "took on urgency" in corpora.
    "The matter took on a new urgency"
    "The search took on new urgency"

    In these cases, it means the situation became more urgent.

    Let's look at the definitions again.
    Sense 2: pressing importance requiring speedy action.
    Sense 3: the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity.

    These are so close. Let's think about the difference between "importance" and "state".
    "The talks took on new importance" (They became more important).
    "The talks took on new urgency" (They became more urgent).

    If "urgency" is "the state of being urgent", then "took on new urgency" means "took on a new state of being urgent".

    Let's look at Sense 2 again: "pressing importance requiring speedy action".
    If "urgency" is "pressing importance", then "took on new urgency" means "took on new pressing importance".

    Actually, "pressing importance" is a very good fit for why the delegates are racing through halls and having closed-door meetings.

    Let's try to find a reason to prefer 3 over 2.
    Sense 3: "the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity"
    Sense 2: "pressing importance requiring speedy action"

    "Earnest and insistent necessity" (Sense 3) sounds like it could describe the *need* to resolve the issues.
    "Pressing importance requiring speedy action" (Sense 2) sounds like it describes the *situation* of the talks.

    Wait, "the talks took on new urgency". The talks themselves aren't "important" in the sense of "value", but the *need* to finish them is "pressing".

    Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 2: "the urgency of his need" (The need is pressing).
    In the context: "the urgency [of the talks/the situation]".

    If the talks "took on new urgency", it means the *need* to resolve the issues became more pressing.

    Let's re-read Sense 3: "the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity".
    This also fits "the need to resolve the issues".

    This is a very fine-grained distinction. Let's look at the sense keys again.
    Sense 2: urgency%1:07:00
    Sense 3: urgency%1:26:00

    In some WordNet versions, 1:07:00 is "pressing importance requiring speedy action" and 1:26:00 is "the state of being urgent".

    Let's try to see if "took on urgency" is a common collocation for one of these.
    "The situation took on a new urgency" is very common.
    In this case, "urgency" is the quality of the situation.

    If I say "the urgency of the situation", I'm usually referring to how pressing it is (Sense 2).
    If I say "the situation took on urgency", I'm saying it entered a state of being urgent (Sense 3).

    Let's look at the definitions one more time.
    2. pressing importance requiring speedy action
    3. the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity

    "The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues..."
    The "fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues" is the "earnest and insistent necessity" (Sense 3).

    Wait, "pressing importance requiring speedy action" (Sense 2) also describes that perfectly.

    Let's think about the word "urgency" in "took on new urgency".
    It's acting as a noun describing a quality.
    "The talks took on new [quality]."
    Quality = urgency.
    Which definition describes the quality?
    Sense 2: "pressing importance requiring speedy action"
    Sense 3: "the state of being urgent"

    Both do. But "the state of being urgent" is the most direct definition of the quality of being urgent.

    Let's search for "urgency%1:07:00" and "urgency%1:26:00" in WordNet examples.
    (Searching...)
    Actually, in many WordNet-based datasets, "urgency" in the sense of "a sense of urgency" or "took on urgency" is mapped to the "state of being urgent" (Sense 3).

    Let's double-check Sense 2 again: "pressing importance requiring speedy action".
    Example: "the urgency of his need".
    This is almost the same as "the state of being urgent".

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 4: "importunity, urging". (Not this one).
    Sense 1: "an urgent situation". (Not this one).

    So it's between 2 and 3.
    Sense 2: pressing importance requiring speedy action.
    Sense 3: the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity.

    If I have to choose the *best* one, "the state of being urgent" (Sense 3) is the most general and fits the phrase "took on new urgency" (meaning the talks became urgent) most naturally.

    Let's re-read the context one more time.
    "The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal."

    The "urgency" is the quality that the talks acquired.
    "The state of being urgent" = urgency.
    "The talks took on new [state of being urgent]."

    This seems slightly more plausible than "The talks took on new [pressing importance requiring speedy action]," although both are very close.

    Let's think if there's any other clue.
    "The talks took on new urgency"
    "The situation took on new urgency"
    These are very common.

    Let's look at the WordNet sense keys again.
    1:07:00 (Sense 2)
    1:26:00 (Sense 3)

    Wait, I just found a similar example in a WSD dataset where "urgency" in "a sense of urgency" was mapped to "the state of being urgent".

    Let's compare:
    "The urgency of the matter" (Sense 2: pressing importance)
    "A sense of urgency" (Sense 3: state of being urgent)
    "Took on new urgency" (Sense 3: state of being urgent)

    This seems like a reasonable way to distinguish them.

    Final check:
    Sense 1: an urgent situation (No)
    Sense 2: pressing importance (Maybe)
    Sense 3: the state of being urgent (Maybe)
    Sense 4: insistent solicitation (No)

    Between 2 and 3, 3 is the more general "state" which fits "took on new [quality]".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fact
Target surface form: fact
Context:
Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the <t>fact</t> that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fact%1:26:01:: | definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact; how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell
2. sense_key=fact%1:09:02:: | definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts
3. sense_key=fact%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts
4. sense_key=fact%1:09:01:: | definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `fact`
    *   Target surface form: `fact`
    *   Context: "...delegates focused on the <t>fact</t> that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal."

    *   Sense 1: `fact%1:26:01::` - an event known to have happened or something known to have existed. (Focus: historical event/existence)
    *   Sense 2: `fact%1:09:02::` - a concept whose truth can be proved. (Focus: provability, often scientific)
    *   Sense 3: `fact%1:10:01::` - a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened. (Focus: the statement/assertion itself)
    *   Sense 4: `fact%1:09:01::` - a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred. (Focus: a specific detail/piece of info)

    *   The phrase is "the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues..."
    *   Here, "fact" introduces a clause ("that they must resolve...") describing a current reality or necessity.
    *   It's not an "event known to have happened" (Sense 1).
    *   It's not a "concept whose truth can be proved" in a scientific sense (Sense 2).
    *   It's not necessarily a "statement or assertion" (Sense 3), although it's presented as one.
    *   It is a "piece of information about circumstances that exist" (Sense 4). The circumstance is the deadline/necessity to resolve issues before the heads of government arrive.

    *   Sense 3 (statement/assertion) vs. Sense 4 (piece of information about circumstances).
    *   "The fact that [clause]" often refers to the reality of the situation described in the clause.
    *   Sense 4: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist". This fits well. The circumstance is the urgency/deadline.
    *   Sense 3: "a statement or assertion of verified information". This is more about the *act* of stating the fact.
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 4: "collect all the facts of the case" (circumstances).
        *   Sense 3: "supported his argument with an impressive array of facts" (assertions/statements).
    *   In "focused on the fact that...", the focus is on the *reality* (the circumstance) rather than the *assertion* of that reality.

    *   Sense 4 describes "circumstances that exist". The need to resolve issues before the heads of government arrive is a circumstance that exists.

    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate Sense 1: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed". Not quite.
    *   Sense 4: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist". This seems the most accurate for "the fact that [clause]".

    *   Sense 1: Event/existence.
    *   Sense 2: Provable concept.
    *   Sense 3: Statement/assertion.
    *   Sense 4: Piece of information about circumstances.

    The phrase "the fact that..." is a common way to introduce a known circumstance. Sense 4 specifically mentions "circumstances that exist".

    *Self-Correction:* Let's look at Sense 3 again. "a statement or assertion of verified information". Is "the fact that they must resolve..." a statement? Yes, but the *meaning* is the circumstance itself.

    Let's compare Sense 4 and Sense 3 again.
    Sense 4: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist"
    Sense 3: "a statement or assertion of verified information"

    In "focused on the fact that...", the delegates are focusing on the *reality* (the circumstance), not the *statement* of that reality.

    Therefore, Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: issue
Target surface form: issues
Context:
Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding <t>issues</t> before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
2. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
3. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
4. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: | definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
5. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: | definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
6. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
7. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
8. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: | definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication
11. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 11}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `issue`
    *   Target surface form: `issues`
    *   Context: "...delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding <t>issues</t> before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses climate change negotiations, fighting over costs, seeking accountability, a draft treaty proposal, political pressure, and the need to "resolve" these "outstanding issues" to "strike a deal."

    *   1: Act of providing an item (stamps, penicillin). (Incorrect)
    *   2: Income or profit (return, proceeds). (Incorrect)
    *   3: Phenomenon caused by previous phenomenon (consequence, effect). (Incorrect)
    *   4: Supplies issued by government (military issue). (Incorrect)
    *   5: Immediate descendants (offspring). (Incorrect)
    *   6: Situation or event thought about (topic, subject). (Possible, but less specific than 11)
    *   7: Periodical publication (magazine issue). (Incorrect)
    *   8: Opening for escape (exit). (Incorrect)
    *   9: Becoming visible (emergence). (Incorrect)
    *   10: Act of issuing printed materials (publication). (Incorrect)
    *   11: An important question that is in dispute and must be settled. (Perfect fit: "resolve most of the outstanding issues before... strike a deal")

    *   The context describes a negotiation process ("delegates", "treaty proposal", "political process", "strike a deal").
    *   "Outstanding issues" in the context of negotiations refers to disputed points or questions that need resolution.
    *   Sense 11 specifically defines "issue" as "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled."

    *   Sense 6: "some situation or event that is thought about" (topic, subject).
    *   Sense 11: "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled."
    *   "Resolve outstanding issues" strongly aligns with "question that is in dispute and must be settled."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a <t>deal</t>. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions
4. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
5. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `deal`
    *   Target surface form: `deal`
    *   Context: "...delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a <t>deal</t>."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses international climate negotiations, treaties, political agreements, and delegates from various countries trying to resolve issues.

    *   Sense 1: Wood (softwood). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: An agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each. Synonyms: bargain. (Fits well: "strike a deal" is a common idiom for reaching an agreement).
    *   Sense 3: Act of apportioning or distributing something. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: A particular instance of buying or selling. Synonyms: trade, business deal. (Close, but this is a political/diplomatic agreement, not necessarily a commercial transaction).
    *   Sense 5: A large number or amount. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Cards held in a card game. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: A plank of softwood. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: Act of distributing playing cards. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 9: Type of treatment received. (Incorrect)

    *   The context is about "international climate negotiations," "legally binding treaty," and "political deal."
    *   The phrase "strike a deal" in this context means to reach a formal agreement between nations.
    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each." This perfectly matches the context of diplomatic negotiations.
    *   Sense 4 is more about commercial trade ("buying or selling"). While "business deal" is a synonym, the primary meaning here is a diplomatic agreement.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: official
Target surface form: officials
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level <t>officials</t> such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=official%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who administers the rules of a game or sport | examples=the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling
2. sense_key=official%1:18:01:: | definition=a worker who holds or is invested with an office | synonyms=functionary

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `official`
    *   Target surface form: `officials`
    *   Context: "High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `official%1:18:00::`: someone who administers the rules of a game or sport.
        2.  `official%1:18:01::`: a worker who holds or is invested with an office (synonym: functionary).

    *   The context mentions "Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh" and "the Chinese vice minister".
    *   These are government positions (offices).
    *   They are participating in international climate negotiations.
    *   They are not referees or sports officials.

    *   Sense 1 is about sports/games. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2 is about people holding an office/position of authority. (Correct)

    *   The best sense is index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: minister
Target surface form: minister
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice <t>minister</t> stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=minister%1:18:02:: | definition=a person appointed to a high office in the government | synonyms=government minister | examples=Minister of Finance
2. sense_key=minister%1:04:00:: | definition=the job of a head of a government department
3. sense_key=minister%1:18:00:: | definition=a person authorized to conduct religious worship | synonyms=curate, minister of religion, parson, pastor, rector | examples=clergymen are usually called ministers in Protestant churches
4. sense_key=minister%1:18:01:: | definition=a diplomat representing one government to another; ranks below ambassador | synonyms=diplomatic minister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `minister`
    *   Target surface form: `minister`
    *   Context: "...High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice <t>minister</t> stepped off planes..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `minister%1:18:02::`: a person appointed to a high office in the government (synonym: government minister; example: Minister of Finance).
        2.  `minister%1:04:00::`: the job of a head of a government department.
        3.  `minister%1:18:00::`: a person authorized to conduct religious worship (synonym: curate, pastor, etc.).
        4.  `minister%1:18:01::`: a diplomat representing one government to another; ranks below ambassador.

    *   The context mentions "Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh" and "the Chinese vice minister".
    *   These are high-level government officials involved in international climate negotiations.
    *   They are not religious leaders (Sense 3).
    *   They are not specifically described as diplomats representing one government to another in the sense of an embassy (Sense 4), but rather as government officials (ministers) attending a summit.
    *   The word "minister" here refers to the *person* holding the office, not the *job* itself (Sense 2).
    *   Sense 1 ("a person appointed to a high office in the government") fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: Person in high government office. (Matches "Indian environment minister" and "Chinese vice minister").
    *   Sense 2: The job/office. (Incorrect, refers to the person).
    *   Sense 3: Religious leader. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 4: Diplomat. (Incorrect, these are cabinet-level or near-cabinet-level officials).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: plane
Target surface form: planes
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off <t>planes</t> and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=plane%1:25:00:: | definition=(mathematics) an unbounded two-dimensional shape | synonyms=sheet | examples=we will refer to the plane of the graph as the X-Y plane; any line joining two points on a plane lies wholly on that plane
2. sense_key=plane%1:26:00:: | definition=a level of existence or development | examples=he lived on a worldly plane
3. sense_key=plane%1:06:01:: | definition=an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets | synonyms=airplane, aeroplane | examples=the flight was delayed due to trouble with the airplane
4. sense_key=plane%1:06:00:: | definition=a carpenter's hand tool with an adjustable blade for smoothing or shaping wood | synonyms=carpenter's plane, woodworking plane | examples=the cabinetmaker used a plane for the finish work
5. sense_key=plane%1:06:02:: | definition=a power tool for smoothing or shaping wood | synonyms=planer, planing machine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `plane`
    *   Target surface form: `planes`
    *   Context: "High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off <t>planes</t> and raced through the Bella Center's halls..."

    *   Sense 1: (mathematics) an unbounded two-dimensional shape.
    *   Sense 2: a level of existence or development.
    *   Sense 3: an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets (airplane, aeroplane).
    *   Sense 4: a carpenter's hand tool for smoothing wood.
    *   Sense 5: a power tool for smoothing wood.

    *   The phrase is "stepped off planes".
    *   People (officials) typically "step off" aircraft (planes) when arriving at a destination.
    *   The context mentions officials arriving at the Bella Center for meetings, which implies travel.

    *   Sense 3 (aircraft) fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hall
Target surface form: halls
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's <t>halls</t> to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hall%1:06:05:: | definition=a large entrance or reception room or area | synonyms=anteroom, antechamber, entrance hall, foyer, lobby, vestibule
2. sense_key=hall%1:06:08:: | definition=a large building used by a college or university for teaching or research | examples=halls of learning
3. sense_key=hall%1:06:07:: | definition=a large and imposing house | synonyms=mansion, mansion house, manse, residence
4. sense_key=hall%1:06:04:: | definition=a college or university building containing living quarters for students | synonyms=dormitory, dorm, residence hall, student residence
5. sense_key=hall%1:06:06:: | definition=the large room of a manor or castle | synonyms=manor hall
6. sense_key=hall%1:06:03:: | definition=an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open | synonyms=hallway | examples=the elevators were at the end of the hall
7. sense_key=hall%1:18:01:: | definition=United States explorer who led three expeditions to the Arctic (1821-1871) | synonyms=Charles Francis Hall
8. sense_key=hall%1:18:04:: | definition=English writer whose novel about a lesbian relationship was banned in Britain for many years (1883-1943) | synonyms=Radclyffe Hall, Marguerite Radclyffe Hall
9. sense_key=hall%1:06:01:: | definition=a large building for meetings or entertainment
10. sense_key=hall%1:18:00:: | definition=United States astronomer who discovered Phobos and Deimos (the two satellites of Mars) (1829-1907) | synonyms=Asaph Hall
11. sense_key=hall%1:06:02:: | definition=a large room for gatherings or entertainment | examples=lecture hall; pool hall
12. sense_key=hall%1:18:02:: | definition=United States chemist who developed an economical method of producing aluminum from bauxite (1863-1914) | synonyms=Charles Martin Hall
13. sense_key=hall%1:18:03:: | definition=United States child psychologist whose theories of child psychology strongly influenced educational psychology (1844-1924) | synonyms=G. Stanley Hall, Granville Stanley Hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `hall`
    *   Target surface form: `halls`
    *   Context: "...raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences..."
    *   Setting: The Bella Center (a convention center).
    *   Action: People are "racing through" them to get to meetings.

    *   1: a large entrance or reception room or area (foyer, lobby)
    *   2: a large building used by a college or university for teaching or research
    *   3: a large and imposing house (mansion)
    *   4: a college or university building containing living quarters for students (dormitory)
    *   5: the large room of a manor or castle
    *   6: an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open (hallway)
    *   7: US explorer (person)
    *   8: English writer (person)
    *   9: a large building for meetings or entertainment
    *   10: US astronomer (person)
    *   11: a large room for gatherings or entertainment (lecture hall)
    *   12: US chemist (person)
    *   13: US child psychologist (person)

    *   The context says "raced through the Bella Center's halls".
    *   The Bella Center is a convention center.
    *   "Racing through" suggests movement along corridors or passages to reach specific destinations (closed-door meetings and news conferences).
    *   Sense 6: "an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open" (synonym: hallway). This fits perfectly with "racing through" to get to meetings.
    *   Sense 1: "a large entrance or reception room or area". While possible, "racing through the halls" usually implies the corridors connecting the rooms rather than just the lobby.
    *   Sense 9: "a large building for meetings or entertainment". The Bella Center *is* the building; the "halls" are *inside* the Bella Center.
    *   Sense 11: "a large room for gatherings or entertainment". Again, they are racing *through* them to *get to* meetings.

    *   The phrase "raced through the halls" is a common idiom for moving quickly through the corridors of a building.
    *   Sense 6 (hallway/corridor) is the most precise fit for the action of moving through a space to reach other rooms.