[User]
Which numbered sense of "attendance" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower <t>attendance</t> rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.) | synonyms=attending
2. definition=the frequency with which a person is present | examples=a student's attendance is an important factor in her grade
3. definition=the number of people that are present | examples=attendance was up by 50 per cent

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...Democrats should have lower <t>attendance</t> rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do..."
    *   Target word: "attendance"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  The act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.).
        2.  The frequency with which a person is present (e.g., a student's attendance).
        3.  The number of people that are present (e.g., attendance was up by 50%).

    *   The phrase is "attendance rates".
    *   It refers to how often Democratic legislators are present for roll-call votes compared to Republicans.
    *   It's talking about a percentage or frequency of presence over time for individuals/groups.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of being present" - This is a general action. "Attendance rates" doesn't refer to a single act, but a pattern.
    *   Sense 2: "the frequency with which a person is present" - This fits perfectly. "Attendance rates" measure the frequency of presence.
    *   Sense 3: "the number of people that are present" - This refers to a total count (e.g., 500 people attended). "Attendance rates" (especially when comparing Democrats vs Republicans) refers to the proportion/frequency, not the total head count of the whole body.

    *   The context discusses "attendance rates" in the context of legislators' behavior over time. This aligns with the "frequency" definition (Sense 2).


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "rate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance <t>rates</t> on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Senses:
1. definition=a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit | examples=they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour; the rate of change was faster than expected
2. definition=amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis | synonyms=charge per unit | examples=a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5
3. definition=the relative speed of progress or change | synonyms=pace | examples=he lived at a fast pace; he works at a great rate
4. definition=a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure | examples=the literacy rate; the retention rate

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...Democrats should have lower attendance <t>rates</t> on roll-call votes than Republicans do..."
    *   Target word: "rates"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Magnitude/frequency relative to a time unit (e.g., 55 mph).
        2.  Amount of charge/payment (e.g., phone call cost).
        3.  Relative speed of progress/change (e.g., fast pace).
        4.  Quantity/amount/measure as a proportion of another (e.g., literacy rate).

    *   The phrase is "attendance rates on roll-call votes".
    *   Attendance rate is typically calculated as (number of votes attended) / (total number of votes).
    *   This is a proportion or a percentage.

    *   Sense 1: Time unit? No.
    *   Sense 2: Charge/payment? No.
    *   Sense 3: Speed of progress? No.
    *   Sense 4: Proportion of another quantity? Yes. (Similar to "literacy rate" or "retention rate").

    *   The correct sense is 4.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "vote" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call <t>votes</t> than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Senses:
1. definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call <t>votes</t> than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making..."
    *   Target word: "votes" (plural of "vote").
    *   Contextual clues: "roll-call votes", "attendance rates", "reflect national policy making", "participating in such votes".

    *   Sense 1: "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative" (ballot, voting). Example: "17 votes in favor of the motion".
    *   Sense 2: "the opinion of a group as determined by voting". Example: "put the question to a vote".
    *   Sense 3: "a legal right... suffrage". Example: "women got the vote".
    *   Sense 4: "a body of voters who have the same interests". Example: "the Black vote".
    *   Sense 5: "the total number of voters who participated" (voter turnout). Example: "expecting a large vote".

    *   "Roll-call votes" refers to the specific instances where legislators cast their votes on a bill or motion, and their names are called (or recorded).
    *   The text mentions "attendance rates on roll-call votes", meaning how often they are present for these voting events.
    *   This aligns best with Sense 1: "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative". In a legislative context, a "vote" is the act/event of deciding on a motion.

    *   Sense 2 is about the *result* or the *process* of putting a question to a vote.
    *   Sense 3 is about the *right* to vote.
    *   Sense 4 is about a *demographic* of voters.
    *   Sense 5 is about *turnout*.

    *   "Roll-call votes" are the individual voting events. Sense 1 describes the choice made by counting people in favor. While "roll-call vote" often refers to the *event* of voting, Sense 1 is the closest fit among the provided options, as it describes the mechanism of counting people in favor of alternatives.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 1: "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative".
    *   Example: "there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion".
    *   In "roll-call votes", the "votes" are the specific legislative actions/events where a choice is made.

    *   Sense 1: "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative".
    *   Sense 2: "the opinion of a group as determined by voting".
    *   Sense 3: "a legal right".
    *   Sense 4: "a body of voters".
    *   Sense 5: "the total number of voters who participated".

    "Roll-call votes" are the specific instances of voting on legislation. This fits Sense 1 (the act/event of making a choice by counting).

    *Self-Correction/Refinement:* Is it Sense 2? "the opinion of a group as determined by voting". No, "attendance rates on roll-call votes" doesn't mean attendance rates on the "opinion of a group". It means attendance at the voting events.

    Is it Sense 1? "a choice that is made by counting...". Yes, a roll-call vote is a specific instance of this.

    *Check Sense 1 again:* "there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion". Here "votes" refers to the individual counts. In "roll-call votes", it refers to the voting events themselves. In many dictionaries, the "act of voting" or the "event of voting" is grouped under the same sense as the "count".

    Let's look at the context again: "attendance rates on roll-call votes". This means the number of times they were present for the voting process.

    Sense 1 is the most appropriate.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "republican" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than <t>Republicans</t> do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Senses:
1. definition=a member of the Republican Party
2. definition=an advocate of a republic (usually in opposition to a monarchy)
3. definition=a tributary of the Kansas River that flows from eastern Colorado eastward through Nebraska and Kansas | synonyms=Republican River

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing the behavior of "Republicans" and "Democrats" in the US Congress (lower chamber, GOP senators, roll-call votes, etc.).
    *   Target word: "Republicans" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  A member of the Republican Party.
        2.  An advocate of a republic (opposed to monarchy).
        3.  A tributary of the Kansas River (Republican River).

    *   The text mentions "lower chamber of Congress", "Democratic counterparts", "GOP senators", "political philosophy leads congressional Republicans", and "roll-call votes".
    *   This clearly refers to the political party in the United States.

    *   Sense 1: "a member of the Republican Party" - Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "an advocate of a republic" - Too broad; the context is specifically about the US political party.
    *   Sense 3: "a tributary of the Kansas River" - Completely irrelevant.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "extent" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the <t>extent</t> that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Senses:
1. definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the <t>extent</t> that such votes reflect national policy making..."
    *   Target word: "extent"
    *   Senses:
        1.  the point or degree to which something extends (e.g., "the extent of the damage").
        2.  the distance or area or volume over which something extends (e.g., "the vast extent of the desert").

    *   The phrase is "to the extent that...".
    *   In this context, "to the extent that" means "to the degree that" or "insofar as".
    *   It's talking about the degree to which roll-call votes reflect national policy making.

    *   Sense 1: "the point or degree to which something extends". This matches "degree".
    *   Sense 2: "the distance or area or volume over which something extends". This refers to physical size/space.

    *   The usage is figurative/abstract (degree), not physical (area/distance).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is correct.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "vote" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such <t>votes</t> reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Senses:
1. definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such <t>votes</t> reflect national policy making..."
    *   Target word: "votes" (plural of "vote").
    *   Specific phrase: "roll-call votes".

    *   Sense 1: "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative" (ballot, voting). Example: "17 votes in favor of the motion".
    *   Sense 2: "the opinion of a group as determined by voting". Example: "put the question to a vote".
    *   Sense 3: "a legal right... suffrage". Example: "women got the vote".
    *   Sense 4: "a body of voters who have the same interests". Example: "the Black vote".
    *   Sense 5: "the total number of voters who participated" (voter turnout). Example: "expecting a large vote".

    *   The text mentions "roll-call votes".
    *   A roll-call vote is a voting method where the name of each person is called and their vote is recorded.
    *   In the context "attendance rates on roll-call votes", it refers to the actual events/instances of voting on specific motions or bills.
    *   This aligns with Sense 1: "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative". Each "roll-call vote" is an instance of this process.

    *   Sense 2 (opinion of a group) doesn't fit "attendance rates on...".
    *   Sense 3 (suffrage) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 4 (body of voters) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 5 (turnout) doesn't fit.

    *   Sense 1 describes the act/instance of voting (ballot/voting). "Roll-call votes" are specific instances of voting on legislation.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "reflect" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes <t>reflect</t> national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Senses:
1. definition=manifest or bring back | examples=This action reflects his true beliefs
2. definition=reflect deeply on a subject | synonyms=chew over, think over, meditate, ponder, excogitate, contemplate | examples=I mulled over the events of the afternoon; philosophers have speculated on the question of God for thousands of years
3. definition=to throw or bend back (from a surface) | synonyms=reverberate | examples=Sound is reflected well in this auditorium
4. definition=be bright by reflecting or casting light | synonyms=shine | examples=Drive carefully--the wet road reflects
5. definition=show an image of | examples=her sunglasses reflected his image
6. definition=give evidence of a certain behavior | examples=His lack of interest in the project reflects badly on him
7. definition=give evidence of the quality of | examples=The mess in his dorm room reflects on the student

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes <t>reflect</t> national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking."
    *   Target word: "reflect"
    *   Meaning in context: The sentence suggests that roll-call votes are representative of or manifest national policy making. If a vote "reflects" national policy making, it means the vote is an expression or a manifestation of that process.

    *   Sense 1: manifest or bring back | examples=This action reflects his true beliefs. (This fits well: the votes manifest/represent national policy making).
    *   Sense 2: reflect deeply on a subject (ponder). (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 3: throw or bend back (sound/light). (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 4: be bright by reflecting light. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 5: show an image of. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 6: give evidence of a certain behavior (usually "reflects badly/well on"). (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 7: give evidence of the quality of. (Incorrect).

    *   "to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making"
    *   Does "reflect" mean "manifest" or "be a representation of"? Yes.
    *   Example for Sense 1: "This action reflects his true beliefs." (Action -> Beliefs).
    *   Context: "Votes -> National policy making."
    *   The logic matches.

    *   Sense 1: manifest or bring back.
    *   Sense 6: give evidence of a certain behavior. (Usually used as "reflects on someone").
    *   Sense 7: give evidence of the quality of. (Usually used as "reflects on someone").
    *   Sense 1 is the most general and accurate for "representing" or "manifesting" a concept.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "national" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect <t>national</t> policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Senses:
1. definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero; national anthem
2. definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy
3. definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government; national elections
4. definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
5. definition=inside the country | synonyms=home, interior, internal | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior; the nation's internal politics
6. definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
7. definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...to the extent that such votes reflect <t>national</t> policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking."
    *   Target word: "national"
    *   Contrast: "national policy making" vs. "local benefit-seeking".

    *   Sense 1: of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country (General).
    *   Sense 2: limited to or in the interests of a particular nation (e.g., national interests).
    *   Sense 3: concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country (e.g., national government, national elections).
    *   Sense 4: owned or maintained for the public by the national government (e.g., national parks).
    *   Sense 5: inside the country (synonyms: home, interior, internal).
    *   Sense 6: characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation (e.g., national trait).
    *   Sense 7: of or relating to nationality (e.g., national origin).

    *   The text contrasts "local benefit-seeking" (narrow constituent concerns) with "national policy making".
    *   "National policy making" refers to policies that affect the *entire* nation, as opposed to specific local districts.
    *   Sense 3 ("concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country") fits perfectly here. It describes policies that apply to the whole country rather than just a local area.

    *   Sense 1 is too general.
    *   Sense 2 is about interests/limits of one nation vs others (international).
    *   Sense 4 is about ownership (parks).
    *   Sense 5 is about internal vs external (foreign).
    *   Sense 6 is about traits.
    *   Sense 7 is about nationality.

    *   Sense 3 is the most accurate description of "national policy making" in the context of contrasting it with "local benefit-seeking".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "policy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national <t>policy</t> making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Senses:
1. definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...to the extent that such votes reflect national <t>policy</t> making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking."
    *   Target word: "policy" (within "national policy making").
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  A plan of action adopted by an individual or social group.
        2.  A line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government.
        3.  Written contract or certificate of insurance.

    *   The context discusses "national policy making" in the context of Congress (legislators, roll-call votes, Republicans vs. Democrats).
    *   "National policy making" refers to the process of creating plans of action or laws for the country.
    *   Sense 3 (insurance) is clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (line of argument rationalizing the course of action) is more about the *justification* or *debate* over whether a policy is right or wrong ("debated the policy or impolicy").
    *   Sense 1 (a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group) fits best. A government's "policy" is essentially a plan of action adopted by the social group (the government/state).

    *   "National policy making" = the act of creating plans of action for the nation.
    *   Sense 1: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group".
    *   Sense 2: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government".
    *   Comparing 1 and 2: Sense 1 describes the *what* (the plan), while Sense 2 describes the *argument for* the plan. "Policy making" is the creation of the plan itself.

    *   Sense 1 is the most appropriate fit for "national policy making".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "making" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy <t>making</t> and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Senses:
1. definition=the act that results in something coming to be | synonyms=devising, fashioning | examples=the devising of plans; the fashioning of pots and pans
2. definition=an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something | synonyms=qualification | examples=her qualifications for the job are excellent; one of the qualifications for admission is an academic degree
3. definition=(usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something | examples=the recipe listed all the makings for a chocolate cake

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...to the extent that such votes reflect national policy <t>making</t>..."
    *   Target word: "making" (as part of "policy making").
    *   Meaning in context: The process of creating, formulating, or establishing national policies.

    *   Sense 1: "the act that results in something coming to be | synonyms=devising, fashioning | examples=the devising of plans; the fashioning of pots and pans"
    *   Sense 2: "an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something | synonyms=qualification | examples=her qualifications for the job are excellent; one of the qualifications for admission is an academic degree"
    *   Sense 3: "(usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something | examples=the recipe listed all the makings for a chocolate cake"

    *   Sense 1 describes the act of creating or devising something. "Policy making" is the act of devising/creating policies. This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 describes qualifications. This does not fit.
    *   Sense 3 describes ingredients or components. This does not fit.

The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "vote" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such <t>votes</t> takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Senses:
1. definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such <t>votes</t> takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking."
    *   Target word: "votes" (plural of "vote").
    *   Specific phrase: "roll-call votes" and "participating in such votes".

    *   Sense 1: A choice made by counting people in favor of each alternative (ballot, voting). Example: "17 votes in favor of the motion".
    *   Sense 2: The opinion of a group as determined by voting. Example: "put the question to a vote".
    *   Sense 3: Legal right to vote (suffrage). Example: "women got the vote".
    *   Sense 4: A body of voters with same interests. Example: "the Black vote".
    *   Sense 5: Total number of voters who participated (voter turnout). Example: "expecting a large vote".

    *   The text mentions "roll-call votes". A roll-call vote is a procedure where each member's vote is recorded.
    *   "Participating in such votes" refers to the act of casting a vote or being present for the voting process on a specific motion or bill.
    *   This aligns with Sense 1: "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative". In a roll-call vote, the choice (the outcome of the bill/motion) is determined by counting the individual votes.

    *   Sense 2 (opinion of a group) doesn't fit "participating in such votes".
    *   Sense 3 (right to vote) doesn't fit "roll-call votes".
    *   Sense 4 (body of voters) doesn't fit "roll-call votes".
    *   Sense 5 (voter turnout) doesn't fit "roll-call votes".

    *   Sense 1 describes the act/instance of voting on a motion. "Roll-call votes" are specific instances of this.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "time" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the <t>time</t> a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Senses:
1. definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...participating in such votes takes away from the <t>time</t> a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking."
    *   Target word: "time"

    *   Sense 1: An instance or single occasion (e.g., "this time he succeeded").
    *   Sense 2: A period of time as a resource under control (e.g., "I didn't have time to finish").
    *   Sense 3: An indefinite period (e.g., "he waited a long time").
    *   Sense 4: A suitable moment (e.g., "it is time to go").
    *   Sense 5: The continuum of experience (future -> present -> past).
    *   Sense 6: A person's experience on a particular occasion (e.g., "had a good time").
    *   Sense 7: Clock time (e.g., "what time is it?").
    *   Sense 8: The fourth dimension.
    *   Sense 9: Rhythm/meter.
    *   Sense 10: Prison term.

    *   The sentence says: "...participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking."
    *   Here, "time" refers to the amount of time available to the legislator to perform a task (local benefit-seeking).
    *   This matches the idea of time as a resource that can be spent or devoted to something.

    *   Sense 2: "a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something".
    *   Example: "I didn't have time to finish".
    *   This fits perfectly. The legislator has a limited amount of time (resource), and voting takes away from the time they could use for other activities.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "devote" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise <t>devote</t> to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Senses:
1. definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=give, dedicate, consecrate, commit | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
2. definition=dedicate | synonyms=give, pay | examples=give thought to; give priority to
3. definition=set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use | examples=this land was devoted to mining

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise <t>devote</t> to local benefit - seeking."
    *   Target word: "devote"
    *   Senses:
        1.  Give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause (e.g., commit oneself to work).
        2.  Dedicate (e.g., give thought to, give priority to).
        3.  Set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use (e.g., land devoted to mining).

    *   The sentence discusses "time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit-seeking."
    *   The object being "devoted" is "time."
    *   The purpose is "local benefit-seeking."

    *   Sense 1: "give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause." This often implies a strong commitment or a life's work (e.g., "devote one's life to..."). While "local benefit-seeking" is an activity, the context is about allocating time.
    *   Sense 2: "dedicate" (synonyms: give, pay). Examples: "give thought to," "give priority to." This fits the idea of allocating a resource like time or attention to a specific task.
    *   Sense 3: "set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use." Example: "land was devoted to mining." This usually refers to physical space or specific resources set aside permanently or formally.

    *   "Devote time to [activity]" is a very common usage.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2: Sense 1 is more about total commitment ("give entirely"). Sense 2 is more about allocation/dedication of a specific resource (like time or attention).
    *   Wait, let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "give thought to; give priority to."
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause."
    *   Actually, "devote time to" is often categorized under the general sense of dedicating time.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
        *   Sense 1: "give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause" (e.g., "She committed herself to the work of God").
        *   Sense 2: "dedicate" (synonyms: give, pay). Examples: "give thought to; give priority to."
    *   In the context "time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit-seeking," the legislator is allocating a portion of their time.
    *   Is "time" a "specific person, activity, or cause"? No, time is the resource being given.
    *   Sense 1 says "give [something/oneself] entirely to...".
    *   Sense 2 says "dedicate" (give/pay).
    *   Actually, looking at standard dictionary definitions (like Oxford or Merriam-Webster), "devote time to" usually falls under the sense of dedicating time/effort to a particular task.
    *   Let's look at the provided senses again.
        *   1: give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause.
        *   2: dedicate (give, pay).
        *   3: set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use.
    *   If I "devote time to" something, I am dedicating that time to it.
    *   Sense 2's examples "give thought to" and "give priority to" align well with "give time to."
    *   Sense 1's example "committed herself to the work of God" is a much stronger, more holistic commitment.

    *   "time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit-seeking"
    *   This means "time a legislator could otherwise spend on/dedicate to local benefit-seeking."
    *   Sense 2 (dedicate/give/pay) fits best for allocating time/attention.

    *   Sense 1: "give entirely to..." (Too strong/holistic).
    *   Sense 2: "dedicate" (give/pay). (Fits "give time to").
    *   Sense 3: "set aside or apart" (Usually physical space).

    *Self-Correction:* Let me double-check if "devote time" is typically Sense 1.
    "Devote" (verb):
    1. give all or a large part of one's time or resources to a person, activity, or cause.
    2. dedicate (something) to a particular task or purpose.

    Looking at the provided options:
    1. give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause.
    2. dedicate (give, pay).
    3. set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use.

    If the legislator is devoting *time*, they are dedicating that resource. Sense 2's synonyms "give, pay" (as in "give thought to") match "give time to."

    Wait, let me look at Sense 1 again: "give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause". If you devote *time* to something, you are giving that time to an activity.
    However, Sense 2 is "dedicate" with synonyms "give, pay".
    "Give time to" = "Devote time to".
    "Give thought to" = "Devote thought to".

    Let's compare:
    "Devote oneself to" -> Sense 1.
    "Devote time/attention/thought to" -> Sense 2.
    "Devote land/money to" -> Sense 3.

    The context is "devote [time] to [local benefit-seeking]". This matches the pattern of Sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "local" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to <t>local</t> benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing "local benefit-seeking" in the context of the US Congress (House and Senate), comparing Republicans and Democrats.
    *   Target word: "local" in the phrase "<t>local</t> benefit - seeking".
    *   Key phrases: "lower chamber of Congress", "national policy making", "constituent concerns", "personal staff budgets".

    *   Sense 1: "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area" (e.g., local taxes, local authorities).
    *   Sense 2: "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood" (e.g., local customs, local schools).
    *   Sense 3: "affecting only a restricted part or area of the body" (e.g., local anesthesia).

    *   The text contrasts "local benefit-seeking" with "national policy making".
    *   It mentions "constituent concerns".
    *   In the context of US Congress, "local" refers to the specific district or state (the administrative area) that the representative serves, as opposed to the nation as a whole.
    *   Sense 3 (medical) is obviously incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (characteristic of a neighborhood/locality) is close, but "local benefit-seeking" in a political context usually refers to the *administration* or *allocation of resources* to a specific district/area (pork-barrel politics), which aligns better with Sense 1 ("relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area").

    *   Sense 1 focuses on administration/governance of a district vs. a larger area.
    *   Sense 2 focuses on characteristics/belonging to a locality.
    *   "Local benefit-seeking" (often called "pork") is about bringing federal funds/projects to a specific district (administration/allocation).

    *   Sense 1: "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area".
    *   This fits perfectly with the contrast between "local benefit-seeking" and "national policy making".

    *   The user wants only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "indicate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data <t>indicate</t>, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959.

Senses:
1. definition=be a signal for or a symptom of | synonyms=bespeak, betoken, point, signal | examples=These symptoms indicate a serious illness; Her behavior points to a severe neurosis
2. definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=point, designate, show | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
3. definition=to state or express briefly | examples=indicated his wishes in a letter
4. definition=give evidence of | synonyms=argue | examples=The evidence argues for your claim; The results indicate the need for more work
5. definition=suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine | synonyms=suggest | examples=Tetracycline is indicated in such cases

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "This is indeed what the data <t>indicate</t>, particularly in the case of the House."
    *   Surrounding text: The author is discussing empirical support for a theory. They mention evidence (staff budgets, attendance rates). The specific sentence refers to data showing that Democrats have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans.

    *   Sense 1: be a signal for or a symptom of (e.g., symptoms indicate illness).
    *   Sense 2: indicate a place, direction, person, or thing (e.g., point to a parking space).
    *   Sense 3: to state or express briefly (e.g., indicated wishes in a letter).
    *   Sense 4: give evidence of (e.g., results indicate the need for more work).
    *   Sense 5: suggest the necessity of an intervention (medical context).

    *   The word "indicate" is used in the phrase "what the data indicate".
    *   The "data" are providing evidence for the claim that Democrats have lower attendance rates.
    *   This matches Sense 4: "give evidence of" (synonym: argue). Example: "The results indicate the need for more work."

    *   Sense 1 is more about symptoms or signals (e.g., "a fever indicates infection").
    *   Sense 4 is more about data, results, or evidence supporting a conclusion.
    *   In the context of "data indicate", Sense 4 is the standard usage.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "case" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the <t>case</t> of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959.

Senses:
1. definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the <t>case</t> of the House."
    *   Sentence meaning: The data shows that Democrats have lower attendance rates than Republicans, and this is especially true when looking at the House of Representatives.
    *   Usage: "in the case of [something]" usually means "as an example of" or "when considering [something]".

    *   1. an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example
    *   2. a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event
    *   3. legal proceeding
    *   4. the actual state of things
    *   5. portable container
    *   6. person requiring professional services
    *   7. person subjected to experimental procedures
    *   8. problem requiring investigation
    *   9. statement of facts and reasons to support an argument
    *   10. quantity contained in a case
    *   11. grammatical case
    *   12. specific state of mind
    *   13. person of a specified kind
    *   14. font/typeface
    *   15. enveloping structure (biology)
    *   16. housing/outer covering
    *   17. enclosing frame (door/window)
    *   18. printing receptacle
    *   19. pillowcase
    *   20. display case

    *   The phrase "in the case of the House" means "in the instance of the House" or "as an example of the House".
    *   Sense 1: "an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example". This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 2 (special set of circumstances) is close but usually refers to a conditional situation ("in which case").
    *   Sense 4 (actual state of things) is used in "that was not the case".
    *   Sense 7 (subject of investigation) refers to people/objects being studied. While the House is being studied, "in the case of" is a standard idiomatic expression for "instance".

    *   "particularly in the case of the House" $\rightarrow$ "particularly in the instance of the House" or "particularly as an example of the House".
    *   This matches Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "democratic" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The <t>Democratic</t> House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Senses:
1. definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing the behavior of "Democratic legislators" compared to "Republican colleagues," mentioning "GOP senators," "Democratic House attendance rate," and "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs."
    *   Target word: "Democratic" (specifically in "The <t>Democratic</t> House attendance rate").
    *   Senses:
        1.  Principles of democracy/social equality.
        2.  Relating to the Democratic Party.
        3.  Representing/appealing to the people at large (popular).

    *   The text compares "Democratic legislators" with "Republican colleagues."
    *   It mentions "GOP senators" (GOP = Grand Old Party, another name for the Republican Party).
    *   It discusses "Democratic House attendance rate" vs. "Republican House attendance rate."
    *   The context is clearly about the two major political parties in the United States.

    *   Sense 1: General democracy/equality. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Relating to the Democratic Party. (Correct)
    *   Sense 3: Popular/for the people at large. (Incorrect)

    *   The word "Democratic" refers to the Democratic Party. This matches Sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "attendance" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House <t>attendance</t> rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.) | synonyms=attending
2. definition=the frequency with which a person is present | examples=a student's attendance is an important factor in her grade
3. definition=the number of people that are present | examples=attendance was up by 50 per cent

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing the behavior of Democratic vs. Republican legislators regarding "local benefit-seeking."
    *   Target word: "attendance" (in the sentence: "The Democratic House <t>attendance</t> rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959.")
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  The act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.).
        2.  The frequency with which a person is present (e.g., a student's attendance).
        3.  The number of people that are present (e.g., attendance was up by 50%).

    *   The sentence says "The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959."
    *   It refers to an "attendance rate."
    *   A "rate" implies a frequency or a percentage of time/occurrences.
    *   The context discusses whether legislators are present for roll-call votes versus spending time on local benefit-seeking.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of being present." (Too general, doesn't fit "rate" as well as Sense 2).
    *   Sense 2: "the frequency with which a person is present." (Fits perfectly. An "attendance rate" is a measure of frequency/consistency of presence).
    *   Sense 3: "the number of people that are present." (This refers to a total count, e.g., "Attendance at the game was 50,000." The text is talking about a *rate* of attendance for a group, comparing the frequency of presence of Democrats vs. Republicans, not the total number of people in the room).

    *   The text compares the "attendance rate" of Democrats vs. Republicans. This is a measure of how often they show up (frequency), not the total number of people present (count) or the simple act of being there.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct match.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "rate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance <t>rate</t> has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Senses:
1. definition=a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit | examples=they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour; the rate of change was faster than expected
2. definition=amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis | synonyms=charge per unit | examples=a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5
3. definition=the relative speed of progress or change | synonyms=pace | examples=he lived at a fast pace; he works at a great rate
4. definition=a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure | examples=the literacy rate; the retention rate

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The Democratic House attendance <t>rate</t> has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959."
    *   Target word: "rate" (specifically "attendance rate").

    *   Sense 1: Magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit (e.g., 55 mph, rate of change).
    *   Sense 2: Amount of a charge or payment (e.g., phone call cost).
    *   Sense 3: Relative speed of progress or change (e.g., fast pace).
    *   Sense 4: A quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure (e.g., literacy rate, retention rate).

    *   "Attendance rate" refers to the proportion of total possible attendances that were actually attended.
    *   It is a measure (number of votes attended) as a proportion of another measure (total number of votes).
    *   This matches Sense 4 ("a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure").

    *   Sense 1 (time unit): Not about speed or frequency per hour/day/year in the sense of a rate of change.
    *   Sense 2 (charge): Not about money.
    *   Sense 3 (pace): Not about the speed of progress.
    *   Sense 4 (proportion): Fits perfectly. "Attendance rate" is analogous to "literacy rate" or "retention rate."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "republican" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the <t>Republican</t> House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing the behavior of Democratic vs. Republican legislators in the US Congress (specifically mentioning GOP senators, House attendance rates, and staff allocation).
    *   Target word: "Republican" (in the phrase "Republican House attendance rate").
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Relating to or belonging to the Republican Party.
        2.  Relating to a republic (government by citizens/representatives).

    *   The text compares "Democratic legislators" with "Republican colleagues."
    *   It mentions "GOP senators" (GOP = Grand Old Party, a nickname for the Republican Party).
    *   It discusses "Democratic House attendance rate" vs. "Republican House attendance rate."
    *   The context is clearly about the two major political parties in the United States.

    *   Sense 1: "relating to or belonging to the Republican Party" -> Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens..." -> This refers to the *form* of government (republicanism), not the specific political party.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "attendance" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House <t>attendance</t> rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.) | synonyms=attending
2. definition=the frequency with which a person is present | examples=a student's attendance is an important factor in her grade
3. definition=the number of people that are present | examples=attendance was up by 50 per cent

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing the behavior of Democratic vs. Republican legislators regarding "local benefit-seeking" vs. "national policy making."
    *   Target word: "attendance" (specifically in the sentence: "The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House <t>attendance</t> rate since 1959.")
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  The act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.).
        2.  The frequency with which a person is present (e.g., a student's attendance).
        3.  The number of people that are present (e.g., attendance was up by 50%).

    *   The sentence mentions "attendance rate."
    *   It compares the "Democratic House attendance rate" with the "Republican House attendance rate."
    *   The context discusses whether legislators are present for roll-call votes.
    *   An "attendance rate" refers to how often (the frequency) members of a group are present.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of being present" - This is a general action. While related, "attendance rate" isn't just the act, but the measurement of that act over time.
    *   Sense 2: "the frequency with which a person is present" - This fits perfectly. An attendance rate is a measure of frequency.
    *   Sense 3: "the number of people that are present" - This refers to a total count (e.g., "attendance at the concert was 50,000"). The text is talking about a *rate* (percentage/frequency), not a raw count of people.

    *   The context is about how often legislators show up for votes.
    *   "Attendance rate" = frequency of presence.
    *   This matches Sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "rate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance <t>rate</t> since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Senses:
1. definition=a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit | examples=they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour; the rate of change was faster than expected
2. definition=amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis | synonyms=charge per unit | examples=a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5
3. definition=the relative speed of progress or change | synonyms=pace | examples=he lived at a fast pace; he works at a great rate
4. definition=a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure | examples=the literacy rate; the retention rate

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance <t>rate</t> since 1959."
    *   Target word: "rate" (specifically "attendance rate").
    *   Meaning in context: The percentage or proportion of votes attended by members of the House.

    *   Sense 1: Magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit (e.g., 55 mph). -> Not a time unit in the sense of speed/frequency per hour/day.
    *   Sense 2: Amount of a charge or payment (e.g., phone call cost). -> Not about money/payment.
    *   Sense 3: Relative speed of progress or change (e.g., fast pace). -> Not about speed of progress.
    *   Sense 4: A quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure (e.g., literacy rate, retention rate). -> "Attendance rate" is the proportion of votes attended relative to the total votes.

    *   "Attendance rate" fits perfectly with Sense 4 (proportion of one quantity relative to another).