[User]
Which numbered sense of "case" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But it is about a long term advantage, with a certain degree of indetermination, because the team can be eliminated first of change, and in addition with this action the players fulfil a sanction game and go to the second cycle of cards, in which the suspension by card accumulation takes place with one less than in the first cycle. So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear <t>case</t> of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them.

Senses:
1. definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear <t>case</t> of wittiness."
    *   Target word: "case"
    *   Surrounding phrase: "a clear case of wittiness"

    *   1: an occurrence of something (instance, example) - "it was a case of bad judgment"
    *   2: a special set of circumstances (event) - "in which case the picnic will be canceled"
    *   3: a legal proceeding (lawsuit) - "the family brought suit"
    *   4: the actual state of things - "that was not the case"
    *   5: a portable container - "instrument cases"
    *   6: a person requiring professional services - "a typical case was the suburban housewife"
    *   7: a person subjected to experimental procedures - "the cases that we studied"
    *   8: a problem requiring investigation - "solved the case of the missing heir"
    *   9: a statement of facts and reasons - "stated his case clearly"
    *   10: quantity contained in a case - "caseful"
    *   11: grammatical case - "nouns or pronouns..."
    *   12: a specific state of mind - "a case of the jitters"
    *   13: a person of a specified kind - "a real character"
    *   14: a specific size and style of type - "font"
    *   15: an enveloping structure (biology) - "sheath"
    *   16: housing or outer covering - "walnut case"
    *   17: enclosing frame around a door/window - "casings"
    *   18: printing receptacle - "compositor's case"
    *   19: pillowcase - "pillowcase"
    *   20: glass container for display - "display case"

    *   The sentence says "it was a clear case of wittiness."
    *   This means "it was a clear *instance* of wittiness" or "it was a clear *example* of wittiness."
    *   Comparing this to the senses:
        *   Sense 1: "an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment"
        *   This matches perfectly.

    *   Sense 2 (circumstances) doesn't fit "a clear case of wittiness."
    *   Sense 3 (lawsuit) doesn't fit, although "legal fraud" is mentioned earlier, the specific phrase "case of wittiness" refers to an instance, not a lawsuit.
    *   Sense 4 (state of things) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 12 (state of mind) is close ("case of the jitters"), but "wittiness" here is used as a characteristic of the action/situation, not a temporary state of mind of a person.

    *   The phrase "a clear case of [something]" almost always maps to Sense 1 (instance/example).


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "factor" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two <t>factors</t>: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Senses:
1. definition=anything that contributes causally to a result | examples=a number of factors determined the outcome
2. definition=an abstract part of something | synonyms=component, constituent, element, ingredient | examples=jealousy was a component of his character; two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony
3. definition=one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer | synonyms=divisor | examples=what are the 4 factors of 6?
4. definition=a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission | synonyms=agent, broker
5. definition=any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
6. definition=an independent variable in statistics
7. definition=(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity | synonyms=gene, cistron | examples=genes were formerly called factors

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The controversy seems to arise from two <t>factors</t>: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them."
    *   Target word: "factors"
    *   Meaning in context: The controversy is caused by two things (the auto expulsions and the transmission of the directive). These are the causes or contributing elements that led to the controversy.

    *   Sense 1: "anything that contributes causally to a result" (Example: "a number of factors determined the outcome").
    *   Sense 2: "an abstract part of something" (Synonyms: component, constituent, element, ingredient).
    *   Sense 3: "one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer" (Math/Divisor).
    *   Sense 4: "a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission" (Agent/Broker).
    *   Sense 5: "any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together" (Math/Multiplication).
    *   Sense 6: "an independent variable in statistics".
    *   Sense 7: "(genetics) a segment of DNA...".

    *   The context says the controversy "arise[s] from two factors". This implies that these two things *caused* or *contributed* to the controversy.
    *   Sense 1 ("anything that contributes causally to a result") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 ("an abstract part of something") is close, but "arise from" strongly suggests causality rather than just composition.
    *   Senses 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are completely irrelevant.

    *   The phrase "arise from [factors]" is a classic usage of Sense 1.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "expulsion" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto <t>expulsions</t> and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of forcing out someone or something | synonyms=ejection, exclusion, riddance | examples=the ejection of troublemakers by the police; the child's expulsion from school
2. definition=squeezing out by applying pressure | synonyms=extrusion | examples=an unexpected extrusion of toothpaste from the bottom of the tube; the expulsion of pus from the pimple
3. definition=the act of expelling or projecting or ejecting | synonyms=projection, ejection, forcing out

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text discussing sports, strategic decisions, sanctions, and "auto expulsions."
    *   Target word: "expulsions" (marked as `<t>expulsions</t>`).
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Forcing out someone or something (e.g., ejection from school, police removing troublemakers).
        2.  Squeezing out by pressure (e.g., toothpaste, pus).
        3.  The act of expelling or projecting or ejecting (general physical act).

    *   The text mentions "sporting spirit," "strategic decisions," "sanction," "punishment," and "auto expulsions."
    *   In a sports context, an "expulsion" usually refers to a player being sent off the field (e.g., a red card in soccer).
    *   "Auto expulsions" likely refers to players who leave the field themselves or are removed due to their own actions/rules.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of forcing out someone or something | synonyms=ejection, exclusion, riddance". This fits the sports context perfectly (being ejected from a game).
    *   Sense 2: "squeezing out by applying pressure". This is physical/biological (toothpaste, pus). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: "the act of expelling or projecting or ejecting". This is a more general physical projection (like air or a projectile). While similar to Sense 1, Sense 1 specifically mentions "forcing out someone," which is the standard meaning for sports sanctions.

    *   The context is about sanctions and punishments in sports.
    *   Sense 1 specifically covers the removal of people (ejection/exclusion).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "way" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the <t>way</t> the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Senses:
1. definition=how something is done or how it happens | synonyms=manner, mode, style, fashion | examples=her dignified manner; his rapid manner of talking
2. definition=how a result is obtained or an end is achieved | synonyms=means, agency | examples=a means of control; an example is the best agency of instruction
3. definition=a line leading to a place or point | synonyms=direction | examples=he looked the other direction; didn't know the way home
4. definition=the condition of things generally | examples=that's the way it is; I felt the same way
5. definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=path, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
6. definition=any artifact consisting of a road or path affording passage from one place to another | examples=he said he was looking for the way out
7. definition=a journey or passage | examples=they are on the way
8. definition=space for movement | synonyms=room, elbow room | examples=room to pass; make way for
9. definition=the property of distance in general | examples=it's a long way to Moscow; he went a long ways
10. definition=doing as one pleases or chooses | examples=if I had my way
11. definition=a general category of things; used in the expression `in the way of' | examples=they didn't have much in the way of clothing
12. definition=a portion of something divided into shares | examples=they split the loot three ways

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the <t>way</t> the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them."
    *   Target word: "way"
    *   Surrounding phrase: "the way the transmission of the directive was carried out"

    *   Sense 1: how something is done or how it happens (manner, mode, style, fashion).
    *   Sense 2: how a result is obtained or an end is achieved (means, agency).
    *   Sense 3: a line leading to a place or point (direction).
    *   Sense 4: the condition of things generally.
    *   Sense 5: a course of conduct (path, way of life).
    *   Sense 6: any artifact consisting of a road or path.
    *   Sense 7: a journey or passage.
    *   Sense 8: space for movement.
    *   Sense 9: the property of distance in general.
    *   Sense 10: doing as one pleases or chooses.
    *   Sense 11: a general category of things (in the way of).
    *   Sense 12: a portion of something divided into shares.

    *   The phrase "the way the transmission of the directive was carried out" refers to the *manner* or *method* in which the transmission happened.
    *   Comparing this to the senses:
        *   Sense 1: "how something is done or how it happens" (manner, mode). This fits perfectly.
        *   Sense 2: "how a result is obtained" (means). While similar, "the way it was carried out" usually refers to the manner/process rather than the tool/agency used.
        *   Senses 3-12: Clearly irrelevant.

    *   "the way the transmission... was carried out" $\approx$ "the manner in which the transmission... was carried out".
    *   This aligns with Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "transmission" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the <t>transmission</t> of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted | synonyms=transmittal, transmitting
2. definition=communication by means of transmitted signals
3. definition=the fraction of radiant energy that passes through a substance | synonyms=transmittance
4. definition=an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted | synonyms=infection, contagion
5. definition=the gears that transmit power from an automobile engine via the driveshaft to the live axle | synonyms=transmission system

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the way the <t>transmission</t> of the directive was carried out to cause them."
    *   Key phrase: "transmission of the directive".
    *   Meaning: The act of conveying or sending a directive (an order or instruction) to the players/officials.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted" (Synonyms: transmittal, transmitting).
    *   Sense 2: "communication by means of transmitted signals" (e.g., radio, TV).
    *   Sense 3: "the fraction of radiant energy that passes through a substance" (Physics).
    *   Sense 4: "an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted" (Medical).
    *   Sense 5: "the gears that transmit power from an automobile engine..." (Mechanical).

    *   The context refers to a "directive" (a message/instruction).
    *   "Transmission of the directive" means the act of sending or communicating that instruction.
    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly: "the act of sending a message".
    *   Sense 2 is too specific to signals (electronic/radio).
    *   Senses 3, 4, and 5 are completely irrelevant.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "damage" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The <t>damage</t> brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Senses:
1. definition=the occurrence of a change for the worse | synonyms=harm, impairment
2. definition=loss of military equipment | synonyms=equipment casualty
3. definition=the act of damaging something or someone | synonyms=harm, hurt, scathe
4. definition=the amount of money needed to purchase something | synonyms=price, terms | examples=the price of gasoline; he got his new car on excellent terms
5. definition=any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right | synonyms=wrong, legal injury

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The <t>damage</t> brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic."
    *   Target word: "damage"
    *   Surrounding words: "brought about to the principles of the sport", "not as much ethical as aesthetic".

    *   Sense 1: "the occurrence of a change for the worse" (synonyms: harm, impairment).
    *   Sense 2: "loss of military equipment" (synonyms: equipment casualty).
    *   Sense 3: "the act of damaging something or someone" (synonyms: harm, hurt, scathe).
    *   Sense 4: "the amount of money needed to purchase something" (synonyms: price, terms).
    *   Sense 5: "any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right" (synonyms: wrong, legal injury).

    *   The context discusses "principles of the sport" being affected by certain actions.
    *   It describes the effect as "not as much ethical as aesthetic".
    *   This implies a negative change or impairment to the integrity/principles of the sport.
    *   Sense 1 (change for the worse/harm/impairment) fits well.
    *   Sense 2 (military equipment) is irrelevant.
    *   Sense 3 (the *act* of damaging) refers to the action itself, whereas the sentence refers to the *result* (the damage brought about). However, Sense 1 and 3 are close. Let's re-evaluate. "The damage brought about..." usually refers to the result/effect.
    *   Sense 4 (price) is irrelevant.
    *   Sense 5 (legal right violation) is too specific to law, although the text mentions "legal fraud", the "damage to the principles of the sport" is a general harm/impairment, not necessarily a legal injury in the courtroom sense.

    *   Sense 1: "the occurrence of a change for the worse" (harm, impairment).
    *   Sense 3: "the act of damaging something or someone" (harm, hurt, scathe).
    *   In "The damage brought about to the principles...", "damage" is the noun describing the negative effect/result. Sense 1 describes the *occurrence* or the *state* of being harmed. Sense 3 describes the *act*. The sentence is talking about the result/effect on the principles.

    *   "The damage [harm/impairment] brought about to the principles of the sport..."
    *   This fits Sense 1 perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "principle" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the <t>principles</t> of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Senses:
1. definition=a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct | synonyms=rule | examples=their principles of composition characterized all their works
2. definition=a rule or standard especially of good behavior | examples=a man of principle; he will not violate his principles
3. definition=a basic truth or law or assumption | examples=the principles of democracy
4. definition=a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system | synonyms=rule | examples=the principle of the conservation of mass; the principle of jet propulsion
5. definition=rule of personal conduct | synonyms=precept
6. definition=(law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature) | synonyms=rationale | examples=the rationale for capital punishment; the principles of internal-combustion engines

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The damage brought about to the <t>principles</t> of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic."
    *   Target word: "principles"
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses sporting spirit, strategic decisions, rules, sanctions, legal fraud, wittiness, and the impact of certain actions on the "principles of the sport." It mentions that the damage is "not as much ethical as aesthetic."

    *   Sense 1: Basic generalization accepted as true, basis for reasoning or conduct (e.g., principles of composition).
    *   Sense 2: Rule or standard of good behavior (e.g., a man of principle).
    *   Sense 3: Basic truth or law or assumption (e.g., principles of democracy).
    *   Sense 4: Rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or complex system (e.g., principle of conservation of mass).
    *   Sense 5: Rule of personal conduct (precept).
    *   Sense 6: (Law) Explanation of fundamental reasons/rationale (e.g., rationale for capital punishment).

    *   The text talks about "the principles of the sport."
    *   It contrasts "ethical" damage with "aesthetic" damage.
    *   "Principles of the sport" refers to the fundamental ideas, values, or basic truths/assumptions that define what the sport is and how it should be played (similar to "principles of democracy").
    *   Sense 2 (good behavior) is close, but "principles of the sport" usually refers to the foundational tenets of the game/activity rather than just a person's moral code.
    *   Sense 3 (basic truth or law or assumption) fits well for the foundational tenets of a system like "the sport."
    *   Sense 1 (basic generalization for reasoning/conduct) is also close, but Sense 3 is often used for the overarching values of a system (like democracy or sport).

    *   Sense 1: "principles of composition" (technical/artistic guidelines).
    *   Sense 2: "a man of principle" (personal morality).
    *   Sense 3: "principles of democracy" (foundational values of a system).
    *   Sense 4: "principle of conservation of mass" (scientific law).
    *   Sense 5: "rule of personal conduct" (precept).
    *   Sense 6: "rationale for capital punishment" (legal reasoning).

    "Principles of the sport" aligns most closely with "principles of democracy" (Sense 3) as it refers to the fundamental values or basic truths that underpin the concept of the sport.

    *Wait, let me re-evaluate Sense 2.* "A rule or standard especially of good behavior." The text mentions "ethical" damage. If the principles are about how one *should* behave in sport (sportsmanship), Sense 2 might fit. However, "principles of the sport" as a collective noun for the foundational values of the game usually maps to Sense 3.

    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct."

    Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 3:
    Sense 2 is often about individual morality ("a man of principle").
    Sense 3 is about the fundamental tenets of a system ("principles of democracy").
    "Principles of the sport" describes the fundamental tenets of the system of sport.

    Therefore, Sense 3 is the most appropriate.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "action" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these <t>actions</t> is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Senses:
1. definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
2. definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea
4. definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
5. definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
6. definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
7. definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
8. definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
9. definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
10. definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Those actions are really against the sporting spirit... The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these <t>actions</t> is not as much ethical as aesthetic."
    *   Target word: "actions"
    *   Meaning in context: The text discusses players making strategic decisions, obeying or not obeying sanctions, and the resulting behavior in a sporting event. "Actions" here refers to the things the players did.

    *   Sense 1: "something done (usually as opposed to something said)" - Fits well. The players did something (strategic decisions/behaviors).
    *   Sense 2: "the state of being active" - Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 3: "a military engagement" - Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 4: "a process existing in or produced by nature" - Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 5: "the series of events that form a plot" - Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 6: "the trait of being active and energetic and forceful" - Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 7: "the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism" - Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 8: "a judicial proceeding" - While "legal fraud" and "sanction" are mentioned, the "actions" themselves are the behaviors of the players, not the lawsuits.
    *   Sense 9: "an act by a government body or supranational organization" - Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 10: "the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field" - Doesn't fit.

    *   The context refers to the players' behavior/deeds ("did not act in order to avoid... chosen when to obey").
    *   Sense 1 ("something done") is the most accurate description of the players' deeds.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "possibility" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises <t>possibility</t> of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond.

Senses:
1. definition=a future prospect or potential | examples=this room has great possibilities
2. definition=capability of existing or happening or being true | synonyms=possibleness | examples=there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired
3. definition=a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena | synonyms=hypothesis, theory | examples=a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory; he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices
4. definition=a possible alternative | synonyms=possible action, opening | examples=bankruptcy is always a possibility

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises <t>possibility</t> of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond."
    *   Target word: "possibility"

    *   Sense 1: a future prospect or potential (e.g., "this room has great possibilities").
    *   Sense 2: capability of existing or happening or being true (e.g., "there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired").
    *   Sense 3: a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena (synonyms: hypothesis, theory).
    *   Sense 4: a possible alternative (synonyms: possible action, opening).

    *   The sentence says the discovery "raises [the] possibility of new types of life".
    *   This means it makes it *conceivable* or *plausible* that new types of life exist.
    *   It's not talking about a "future prospect" (Sense 1) in the sense of potential for development.
    *   It's not talking about a "possible alternative" or "opening" (Sense 4).
    *   Is it a "hypothesis/theory" (Sense 3)? While the discovery *supports* a hypothesis, the word "possibility" here refers to the *chance* or *likelihood* that such life exists.
    *   Is it the "capability of existing or happening or being true" (Sense 2)? Yes. The discovery makes the existence of new types of life a "possibility" (something that could be true/exist).

    *   Sense 2: "capability of existing or happening or being true".
    *   Context: "raises possibility of new types of life" $\rightarrow$ raises the chance/likelihood that new types of life exist. This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 3 is specifically about a "tentative insight" or "hypothesis". While the *idea* is a hypothesis, the word "possibility" in "raises the possibility of X" usually refers to the *fact* that X might be true (Sense 2).
    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "capability of existing or happening or being true".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified...".
    *   In the phrase "raises the possibility of new types of life", "possibility" refers to the *chance* that they exist, not the *theory* itself.

    *   Sense 2 is the most accurate fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "type" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new <t>types</t> of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond.

Senses:
1. definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
2. definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, case | examples=a real character; a strange character
3. definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
4. definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
5. definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
6. definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new <t>types</t> of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond."
    *   Target word: "types" (plural of "type").
    *   Usage: "new types of life".

    *   Sense 1: "a subdivision of a particular kind of thing" (e.g., "what type of sculpture do you prefer?").
    *   Sense 2: "a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities)" (e.g., "a real character").
    *   Sense 3: "(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon".
    *   Sense 4: "printed characters" (e.g., "small type is hard to read").
    *   Sense 5: "all of the tokens of the same symbol" (e.g., "the word 'element' contains five different types of character").
    *   Sense 6: "a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end" (printing press).

    *   The context refers to "new types of life" and "new forms of life".
    *   This refers to categories or kinds of biological organisms.
    *   Sense 1 ("a subdivision of a particular kind of thing") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 3 is a very specific biological term (taxonomic type), but the context is talking about general "kinds" or "forms" of life, not the specific taxonomic definition used to define a higher taxon.
    *   Senses 2, 4, 5, and 6 are completely irrelevant.

    *   "New types of life" = "New kinds of life".
    *   Sense 1: "a subdivision of a particular kind of thing". This matches.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "discovery" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The <t>discovery</t> of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. definition=something that is discovered
3. definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The <t>discovery</t> of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond."
    *   Target word: "discovery"

    *   Sense 1: the act of discovering something (process/action).
    *   Sense 2: something that is discovered (the object/result).
    *   Sense 3: a productive insight (breakthrough/find).
    *   Sense 4: (law) compulsory pretrial disclosure.

    *   "The discovery of a strange bacteria..."
    *   Does it refer to the *act* of finding the bacteria? (Sense 1)
    *   Does it refer to the *bacteria itself* as the thing discovered? (Sense 2)
    *   Does it refer to the *scientific breakthrough* resulting from the find? (Sense 3)
    *   Is it a legal term? (Sense 4 - No).

    *   "The discovery of [X] widens the scope..."
    *   Usually, "the discovery of [something]" can be interpreted as either the act of finding it or the thing found.
    *   However, in scientific contexts, "the discovery of [a species/planet/element]" often refers to the *event* or *act* of finding it, which then leads to further implications.
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 2.
        *   Sense 1: "the act of discovering something"
        *   Sense 2: "something that is discovered"
    *   If it were Sense 2, the sentence would be "The discovery [the bacteria] widens the scope..."
    *   If it were Sense 1, the sentence would be "The [act of discovering] a strange bacteria widens the scope..."
    *   Actually, in many dictionaries, "the discovery of X" is categorized as the act.
    *   Let's look at Sense 3: "a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find".
    *   "The discovery... widens the scope" sounds like a breakthrough.
    *   Wait, let's look at the phrasing again. "The discovery of a strange bacteria..."
    *   If I say "The discovery of America changed the world," is it the act or the land? Usually the act/event.
    *   If I say "This discovery is amazing," it's the thing found (Sense 2) or the breakthrough (Sense 3).
    *   In "The discovery of a strange bacteria...", "discovery" is the head noun, and "of a strange bacteria" is a prepositional phrase modifying it. This structure typically points to the *act* of discovering.

    *   Sense 1: act of discovering.
    *   Sense 2: the thing discovered.
    *   Sense 3: breakthrough.
    *   In the sentence "The discovery of a strange bacteria... widens the scope", the *fact* that it was discovered (the act/event) is what widens the scope.
    *   However, often "discovery" in this context is used interchangeably with "find" (Sense 3).
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2 vs Sense 3.
    *   Sense 1: "the act of discovering something"
    *   Sense 2: "something that is discovered"
    *   Sense 3: "a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find"
    *   If the sentence was "The bacteria was a great discovery," that would be Sense 2 or 3.
    *   "The discovery of [X]" is almost always the act (Sense 1).

    *   "The discovery of a strange bacteria... widens the scope..."
    *   The act of finding the bacteria is what provides the new information that widens the scope.
    *   Sense 1 fits best.

    *   Sense 1: act of discovering.
    *   Sense 2: the thing discovered.
    *   Sense 3: breakthrough.
    *   If I say "The discovery of penicillin saved millions," is it the act of finding it or the drug itself? It's the act/event.
    *   If I say "Penicillin was a discovery," it's the thing.
    *   Therefore, "The discovery of [X]" -> Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "arsenic" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use <t>arsenic</t> as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential.

Senses:
1. definition=a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer | synonyms=arsenic trioxide, arsenous anhydride, arsenous oxide, white arsenic, ratsbane
2. definition=a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar | synonyms=As, atomic number 33

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use <t>arsenic</t> as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond."
    *   Target word: "arsenic"
    *   Senses:
        1.  A white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic (a specific compound).
        2.  A very poisonous metallic element (the element As, atomic number 33).

    *   The text discusses a microbe that can use "arsenic" as a nutrient.
    *   In biological and chemical contexts, when referring to an element being used as a nutrient or a building block for life (replacing phosphorus, for example), it refers to the element itself (As), not specifically the trioxide compound.
    *   The phrase "beyond the major elements that have been considered essential" strongly implies that "arsenic" is being treated as an element.

    *   Sense 1: Arsenic trioxide (a specific chemical compound).
    *   Sense 2: The metallic element (As).

    *   The context refers to the element. Therefore, Sense 2 is correct.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "nutrient" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its <t>nutrients</t> widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential.

Senses:
1. definition=any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue | synonyms=food
2. definition=any substance (such as a chemical element or inorganic compound) that can be taken in by a green plant and used in organic synthesis

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its <t>nutrients</t> widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond."
    *   Target word: "nutrients"
    *   Key information: The subject is "bacteria" using "arsenic" as a nutrient.

    *   Sense 1: "any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue | synonyms=food"
    *   Sense 2: "any substance (such as a chemical element or inorganic compound) that can be taken in by a green plant and used in organic synthesis"

    *   Bacteria are not animals (Sense 1 specifically mentions animals).
    *   Bacteria are not green plants (Sense 2 specifically mentions green plants).
    *   However, in a broader biological context, "nutrient" refers to substances used for growth and energy.
    *   Let's look closer at the definitions provided.
    *   Sense 1: Animal metabolism/food.
    *   Sense 2: Plant uptake/organic synthesis (chemical elements/inorganic compounds).
    *   Arsenic is a chemical element/inorganic compound.
    *   Bacteria, like plants, often take up inorganic compounds for synthesis/metabolism.
    *   While bacteria aren't plants, Sense 2's description ("any substance (such as a chemical element or inorganic compound)") fits the nature of arsenic much better than Sense 1's "food" for "animals".
    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate. Is there a more general sense? The prompt only gives two.
    *   Sense 1: Animal-centric.
    *   Sense 2: Plant-centric (specifically mentioning chemical elements/inorganic compounds).
    *   Arsenic is an inorganic compound/element. Bacteria are prokaryotes.
    *   Usually, in these types of NLP tasks (like WordNet-based disambiguation), if the options are limited, I have to pick the closest one.
    *   Sense 1 is about animals/food.
    *   Sense 2 is about plants/inorganic compounds.
    *   Bacteria using arsenic is much closer to the "inorganic compound" usage described in Sense 2 than the "animal food" usage in Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: Animal metabolism.
    *   Sense 2: Plant uptake of inorganic compounds.
    *   Bacteria are more similar to plants in their ability to utilize inorganic elements (like arsenic) for synthesis/metabolism than animals are.

    *   Actually, looking at the definitions again:
        1. "any substance that can be metabolized by an animal..."
        2. "any substance (such as a chemical element or inorganic compound) that can be taken in by a green plant..."
    *   Neither is a perfect fit for bacteria. But arsenic is definitely a "chemical element or inorganic compound".
    *   Let's check if "nutrient" for bacteria is typically categorized under the "plant" sense in some dictionaries (like WordNet).
    *   In WordNet:
        - nutrient (n): a substance that provides nourishment.
        - (some versions split it into animal/plant).
    *   If I have to choose between "animal food" and "inorganic compound for plants", and the context is "arsenic for bacteria", the "inorganic compound" part of Sense 2 is the key.

    *   Context: Bacteria using arsenic.
    *   Sense 1: Animal food.
    *   Sense 2: Plant inorganic compound.
    *   Arsenic = inorganic compound.
    *   Bacteria $\approx$ Plant (in terms of inorganic nutrient uptake) > Animal.

    *   Wait, let me think if there's any other way. Could it be Sense 1? Bacteria "eat" nutrients. But arsenic isn't "food" in the traditional animal sense. It's a chemical element used in a metabolic process.
    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "chemical element or inorganic compound". This is a perfect match for arsenic.

    *   Sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "scope" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the <t>scope</t> for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential.

Senses:
1. definition=an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: | synonyms=range, reach, orbit, compass, ambit | examples=the range of a supersonic jet; a piano has a greater range than the human voice
2. definition=the state of the environment in which a situation exists | synonyms=setting, background | examples=you can't do that in a university setting
3. definition=a magnifier of images of distant objects | synonyms=telescope
4. definition=electronic equipment that provides visual images of varying electrical quantities | synonyms=oscilloscope, cathode-ray oscilloscope, CRO

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the <t>scope</t> for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond."
    *   Target word: "scope"

    *   Sense 1: "an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control" (synonyms: range, reach, orbit, compass, ambit).
    *   Sense 2: "the state of the environment in which a situation exists" (synonyms: setting, background).
    *   Sense 3: "a magnifier of images of distant objects" (synonyms: telescope).
    *   Sense 4: "electronic equipment that provides visual images of varying electrical quantities" (synonyms: oscilloscope).

    *   The sentence says the discovery "widens the scope for finding new forms of life."
    *   This means it expands the *range* or *possibilities* or the *extent* of where/how we look for life.
    *   Comparing this to the senses:
        *   Sense 1 (range, reach, ambit) fits perfectly. "Widens the range for finding new forms of life."
        *   Sense 2 (setting, background) does not fit.
        *   Sense 3 (telescope) does not fit.
        *   Sense 4 (oscilloscope) does not fit.

Sense 1 is the correct match.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "form" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new <t>forms</t> of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential.

Senses:
1. definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
2. definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
3. definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
4. definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
5. definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
6. definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
7. definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features
8. definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
9. definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
10. definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
11. definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
12. definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
13. definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
14. definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
15. definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
16. definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new <t>forms</t> of life on Earth and possibly beyond."
    *   Target word: "forms" (plural of "form").
    *   Meaning in context: "new forms of life" refers to different types, kinds, or varieties of living organisms.

    *   Sense 1: Phonological/orthographic sound/appearance of a word. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: A category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality (synonyms: kind, sort, variety). (Matches: "new kinds/sorts/varieties of life")
    *   Sense 3: A perceptual structure (shape, pattern). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Spatial attributes (shape, configuration). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Human body. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Spatial arrangement vs substance. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Visual appearance. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: Printed document. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 9: (Biology) A group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways (variant, strain). (This is close, but "forms of life" usually refers to broader categories/kinds of life, not just strains within a single species).
    *   Sense 10: Arrangement of elements in composition/discourse. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 11: Particular mode in which something is manifested. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 12: (Physical chemistry) State of matter. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 13: Body of students. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 14: Ability to perform well. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 15: Life-size dummy. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 16: Mold for concrete. (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety"
    *   Sense 9: "(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var."
    *   In the phrase "new forms of life," the author is talking about life that uses arsenic instead of phosphorus (a fundamental biological difference), which suggests a completely different *kind* or *category* of life, not just a trivial variant within a species. Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.

    *   "new forms of life" $\approx$ "new kinds of life" or "new varieties of life".
    *   Sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "earth" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in <t>Earth</t>, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability."

Senses:
1. definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=world, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world
2. definition=the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface | synonyms=ground | examples=they dug into the earth outside the church
3. definition=the solid part of the earth's surface | synonyms=land, dry land, ground, solid ground, terra firma | examples=the plane turned away from the sea and moved back over land; the earth shook for several minutes
4. definition=the abode of mortals (as contrasted with Heaven or Hell) | examples=it was hell on earth
5. definition=once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)
6. definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, world | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
7. definition=a connection between an electrical device and a large conducting body, such as the earth (which is taken to be at zero voltage) | synonyms=ground

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere... While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in <t>Earth</t>, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential."
    *   Target word: "Earth" (marked with <t></t>).
    *   Usage: "discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth". (Note: The phrasing "here in Earth" is slightly awkward, usually it's "here on Earth", but the meaning is clear).

    *   Sense 1: The 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on. (Synonyms: world, globe).
    *   Sense 2: Loose soft material (soil/ground).
    *   Sense 3: Solid part of the surface (land/dry land).
    *   Sense 4: Abode of mortals (vs Heaven/Hell).
    *   Sense 5: One of four elements.
    *   Sense 6: Concerns of this life (worldly concerns).
    *   Sense 7: Electrical ground.

    *   The context discusses microbes, life on the planet, and comparing it to life "elsewhere" or "beyond".
    *   "discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth" refers to the planet we live on.

    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly: "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "life" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that <t>life</t> has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability."

Senses:
1. definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere... the discovery of a strange bacteria... widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond... it shows that <t>life</t> has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential."
    *   Target word: "life" (marked as `<t>life</t>`).

    *   Sense 1: characteristic state or mode of living (e.g., social life). -> No.
    *   Sense 2: experience of being alive/human events (e.g., complexities of life). -> No.
    *   Sense 3: course of existence of an individual (e.g., new life in Australia). -> No.
    *   Sense 4: condition of living or state of being alive (e.g., while there's life there's hope). -> Close, but usually refers to the state of an individual or a general condition.
    *   Sense 5: period something is functional (e.g., battery life). -> No.
    *   Sense 6: period from birth to present. -> No.
    *   Sense 7: period from present to death. -> No.
    *   Sense 8: a living person. -> No.
    *   Sense 9: animation and energy. -> No.
    *   Sense 10: living things collectively (e.g., oceans teeming with life). -> This refers to the *organisms* themselves.
    *   Sense 11: the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones (e.g., no life on the moon). -> This refers to the *concept* or *phenomenon* of biological existence.
    *   Sense 12: biography. -> No.
    *   Sense 13: motive for living. -> No.
    *   Sense 14: prison term. -> No.

    *   The context discusses "new types of life," "new forms of life," and "life has possibilities beyond the major elements."
    *   It's talking about the biological phenomenon/concept of what constitutes a living organism (the chemistry of life).
    *   Sense 10 ("living things collectively") is often used when talking about "life on Earth" in terms of the variety of creatures.
    *   Sense 11 ("the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones") is used when talking about the nature of life itself, its requirements (like elements), and its existence in the universe (like "no life on the moon").

    *   "life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential."
    *   This refers to the *nature* or *phenomenon* of biological existence (what makes something "alive"), not just a collection of organisms.
    *   Comparing Sense 10 and Sense 11:
        *   Sense 10: "the oceans are teeming with life" (referring to the animals/plants).
        *   Sense 11: "there is no life on the moon" (referring to the presence of the biological phenomenon).
    *   The context "new types of life" and "life has possibilities beyond the major elements" aligns perfectly with the biological phenomenon/definition of life.

    *   Sense 11 is the most accurate fit for the scientific discussion of the requirements and possibilities of biological existence.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "possibility" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has <t>possibilities</t> beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability."

Senses:
1. definition=a future prospect or potential | examples=this room has great possibilities
2. definition=capability of existing or happening or being true | synonyms=possibleness | examples=there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired
3. definition=a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena | synonyms=hypothesis, theory | examples=a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory; he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices
4. definition=a possible alternative | synonyms=possible action, opening | examples=bankruptcy is always a possibility

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere... While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has <t>possibilities</t> beyond the major elements that have been considered essential."
    *   Target word: "possibilities" (plural of possibility).
    *   Meaning in context: The text discusses a discovery (arsenic-tolerant bacteria) that suggests life can exist using elements previously thought non-essential. It implies that the *potential* or *capacity* for life to exist in different forms is broader than previously thought.

    *   Sense 1: "a future prospect or potential" (Example: "this room has great possibilities"). This refers to potential for development or future success.
    *   Sense 2: "capability of existing or happening or being true" (Example: "there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired"). This refers to the likelihood or chance of something being true/happening.
    *   Sense 3: "a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena" (Synonyms: hypothesis, theory).
    *   Sense 4: "a possible alternative" (Synonyms: possible action, opening).

    *   The sentence is: "...it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential."
    *   Does it mean a "future prospect or potential" (Sense 1)? Yes, in the sense that life has the *potential* to exist in ways not previously imagined.
    *   Does it mean "capability of existing or happening" (Sense 2)? This is close, but Sense 2 is often used as "the possibility that [clause]" (likelihood). However, "life has possibilities" suggests potential ways of existing.
    *   Does it mean a "hypothesis/theory" (Sense 3)? No, "possibilities" here isn't a single hypothesis, but rather the general potential for variety.
    *   Does it mean "a possible alternative" (Sense 4)? Not exactly an alternative action or opening.

    *   Sense 1: "a future prospect or potential". If we say "life has possibilities", we mean life has the potential to be different things.
    *   Sense 2: "capability of existing or happening". This is very similar. Let's look at the examples. Sense 1: "this room has great possibilities" (potential for use/development). Sense 2: "there is a possibility that..." (chance).
    *   In the context "life has possibilities beyond the major elements", it means there are potential ways for life to exist. This aligns well with "potential" (Sense 1).

    *   "Life has possibilities" $\approx$ "Life has potential [to exist in various ways]".
    *   Sense 1: "a future prospect or potential".
    *   Sense 2: "capability of existing or happening or being true".
    *   Wait, let's re-read Sense 2. "capability of existing". If life has the "capability of existing" beyond major elements, that fits. But usually, "possibility" in the sense of "chance" is Sense 2.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "future prospect or potential". "This room has great possibilities" means it can be turned into many things. "Life has possibilities" means life can take many forms. This matches the "potential" aspect of Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: Potential/Prospect.
    *   Sense 2: Likelihood/Chance.
    *   Sense 3: Hypothesis.
    *   Sense 4: Alternative.

    The phrase "life has possibilities beyond..." suggests that the *range of potential forms* of life is wider. This fits Sense 1 (potential) better than Sense 2 (likelihood).

    *Self-Correction:* Let's double-check Sense 2 again. "capability of existing or happening". If "possibilities" means "ways it is capable of existing", it could be 2. But "this room has great possibilities" (Sense 1) is almost identical in structure to "life has possibilities".

    Sense 1: "this room has great possibilities" -> The room has the potential to be many things.
    Context: "life has possibilities beyond..." -> Life has the potential to be many things (beyond the known elements).

    This is a strong match.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "element" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major <t>elements</t> that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability."

Senses:
1. definition=an abstract part of something | synonyms=component, constituent, factor, ingredient | examples=jealousy was a component of his character; two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony
2. definition=an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system | synonyms=component, constituent | examples=spare components for cars; a component or constituent element of a system
3. definition=any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter | synonyms=chemical element
4. definition=the most favorable environment for a plant or animal | examples=water is the element of fishes
5. definition=one of four substances thought in ancient and medieval cosmology to constitute the physical universe | examples=the alchemists believed that there were four elements
6. definition=the situation in which you are happiest and most effective | examples=in your element
7. definition=a straight line that generates a cylinder or cone

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere... While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major <t>elements</t> that have been considered essential."
    *   Target word: "elements"
    *   Key clues: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe", "arsenic as one of its nutrients", "major elements that have been considered essential".

    *   Sense 1: Abstract part (component, factor).
    *   Sense 2: Physical artifact/part of a system.
    *   Sense 3: Chemical element (substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances).
    *   Sense 4: Favorable environment for a plant/animal.
    *   Sense 5: Ancient/medieval cosmology substances (earth, air, fire, water).
    *   Sense 6: Situation where one is happiest/most effective.
    *   Sense 7: Geometry (line generating a cylinder/cone).

    *   The context discusses arsenic, a chemical element, and how life might use different "elements" (chemical substances) than previously thought essential.
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 3: "any of the more than 100 known substances... that cannot be separated into simpler substances".

    *   Sense 3 is the correct one.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "organism" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This <t>organism</t> has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic."

Senses:
1. definition=a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently | synonyms=being
2. definition=a system considered analogous in structure or function to a living body | examples=the social organism

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text about an arsenic-tolerant microbe (bacteria) that can use arsenic as a nutrient.
    *   Target word: "organism" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Sentence: "This <t>organism</t> has dual capability."
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  A living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently.
        2.  A system considered analogous in structure or function to a living body (e.g., the social organism).

    *   The context discusses a "strange bacteria" and a "microbe".
    *   Bacteria are biological living things.
    *   The sentence "This organism has dual capability" refers specifically to the bacteria.

    *   Sense 1 describes a biological living thing.
    *   Sense 2 describes a metaphorical or analogous system (like a society).
    *   The bacteria is a literal living thing, not a metaphorical system.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "capability" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual <t>capability</t>." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic."

Senses:
1. definition=the quality of being capable -- physically or intellectually or legally | synonyms=capableness | examples=he worked to the limits of his capability
2. definition=the susceptibility of something to a particular treatment | synonyms=capacity | examples=the capability of a metal to be fused
3. definition=an aptitude that may be developed | synonyms=capableness, potentiality

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "This organism has dual <t>capability</t>. 'It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic.'"
    *   Target word: "capability"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  The quality of being capable (physically, intellectually, or legally).
        2.  The susceptibility of something to a particular treatment (e.g., metal being fused).
        3.  An aptitude that may be developed (potentiality).

    *   The sentence says the organism has "dual capability" because it can grow with *either* phosphorus or arsenic.
    *   This refers to the organism's *ability* or *power* to perform a specific function (growing with different nutrients).

    *   Sense 1: "the quality of being capable -- physically or intellectually or legally". This fits the general idea of having the ability to do something.
    *   Sense 2: "the susceptibility of something to a particular treatment". This doesn't fit. The bacteria isn't being "treated"; it's performing a biological function.
    *   Sense 3: "an aptitude that may be developed". This implies potential for future growth or learning. The bacteria *already* has this ability; it's not a potential aptitude to be developed.

    *   Sense 1 is the most general and fits the context of a biological ability/capacity to function in a certain way.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 1: "the quality of being capable -- physically or intellectually or legally".
    *   Is there a better fit?
    *   Let's look at the example for Sense 1: "he worked to the limits of his capability".
    *   Let's look at the context again: "This organism has dual capability. 'It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic.'"
    *   In this context, "capability" means the ability to do something.
    *   Sense 1 is the closest match among the three provided. Sense 2 is about susceptibility/material properties. Sense 3 is about potential/aptitude.

    *   Sense 1: General ability/capacity.
    *   Sense 2: Susceptibility.
    *   Sense 3: Potential/Aptitude.
    *   The bacteria's ability to use arsenic is a physical capability.

    *   The prompt asks for the number of the correct sense.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "phosphorus" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either <t>phosphorus</t> or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science.

Senses:
1. definition=a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms | synonyms=P, atomic number 15
2. definition=a planet (usually Venus) seen just before sunrise in the eastern sky | synonyms=morning star, daystar, Lucifer

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A scientific report about an arsenic-tolerant microbe that can use either phosphorus or arsenic as a nutrient.
    *   Target word: "phosphorus" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  A multivalent nonmetallic element (atomic number 15), found in phosphate rocks and living cells.
        2.  A planet (usually Venus) seen before sunrise (morning star).

    *   The text discusses "arsenic-tolerant microbe", "nutrients", "major elements that have been considered essential", and "grow with either phosphorus or arsenic".
    *   Arsenic is a chemical element.
    *   The context is biological/chemical.

    *   Sense 1 describes a chemical element (P, atomic number 15).
    *   Sense 2 describes an astronomical object (Venus).

    *   The context clearly refers to the chemical element used as a nutrient for life. This matches Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "arsenic" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or <t>arsenic</t>." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science.

Senses:
1. definition=a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer | synonyms=arsenic trioxide, arsenous anhydride, arsenous oxide, white arsenic, ratsbane
2. definition=a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar | synonyms=As, atomic number 33

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A scientific report about a microbe that can use arsenic as a nutrient, potentially expanding the scope of life's essential elements.
    *   Target word: "arsenic" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Sentence: "It can grow with either phosphorus or <t>arsenic</t>."

    *   Sense 1: A white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic (a specific compound, $\text{As}_2\text{O}_3$). Used as pesticide/weed killer.
    *   Sense 2: A very poisonous metallic element (the element As, atomic number 33).

    *   The text discusses the "major elements that have been considered essential" for life.
    *   It compares arsenic to phosphorus. Phosphorus is a chemical element (P).
    *   The context is about the fundamental building blocks of life (biochemistry).
    *   In biochemistry, when comparing phosphorus to arsenic, it refers to the element arsenic (As) replacing phosphorus (P) in biological molecules (like DNA/RNA backbones).
    *   Sense 1 is a specific compound (trioxide), whereas Sense 2 is the element itself.
    *   The comparison "phosphorus or arsenic" strongly implies the element.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "form" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some <t>form</t> of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.

Senses:
1. definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
2. definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
3. definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
4. definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
5. definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
6. definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
7. definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features
8. definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
9. definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
10. definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
11. definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
12. definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
13. definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
14. definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
15. definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
16. definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some <t>form</t> of truly 'alien' life,"
    *   Target word: "form"
    *   Meaning in context: "some kind of truly 'alien' life" or "a type of truly 'alien' life".

    *   1: Phonological/orthographic sound/appearance of a word. (Incorrect)
    *   2: A category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality (synonyms: kind, sort, variety). (Matches: "some kind of truly 'alien' life")
    *   3: A perceptual structure (synonyms: shape, pattern). (Incorrect)
    *   4: Spatial attributes/outline (synonyms: shape, configuration). (Incorrect)
    *   5: Human body. (Incorrect)
    *   6: Spatial arrangement vs substance. (Incorrect)
    *   7: Visual appearance. (Incorrect)
    *   8: Printed document. (Incorrect)
    *   9: (Biology) A group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways (synonyms: variant, strain). (While this is biology, the context "some form of truly 'alien' life" refers to a *category* or *kind* of life, not a specific strain within a species).
    *   10: Arrangement of elements in composition/discourse. (Incorrect)
    *   11: A particular mode in which something is manifested. (Close, but "kind/sort" fits better for "alien life").
    *   12: (Physical chemistry) State of matter. (Incorrect)
    *   13: Body of students. (Incorrect)
    *   14: Ability to perform well. (Incorrect)
    *   15: Life-size dummy. (Incorrect)
    *   16: Mold for concrete. (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety"
    *   Context: "...some form of truly 'alien' life" -> "...some kind of truly 'alien' life".
    *   This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 9 is specifically about variants *within a species*. The context is talking about "alien life" in general, which is a broader category.
    *   Sense 11 is about how something is manifested (e.g., "resentment took the form of hostility"). While "alien life" is a manifestation of life, "form" here is used as a synonym for "type" or "kind".

Sense 2 is the best fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "life" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' <t>life</t>," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.

Senses:
1. definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere... The discovery of a strange bacteria... widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond... life has possibilities beyond the major elements... 'That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' <t>life</t>,' commented Paul C. W. Davies... Six major elements have long been considered essential for life..."
    *   Target word: "life" (specifically the one marked `<t>life</t>`, but the context uses it multiple times in the same sense).

    *   1: characteristic state or mode of living (e.g., social life) - No.
    *   2: experience of being alive/human events (e.g., complexities of life) - No.
    *   3: course of existence of an individual (e.g., new life in Australia) - No.
    *   4: condition of living or state of being alive (e.g., while there's life there's hope) - Close, but usually refers to the *state* of an individual or a general condition.
    *   5: period during which something is functional (e.g., battery life) - No.
    *   6: period between birth and present (e.g., all his life) - No.
    *   7: period from present until death (e.g., emperor for life) - No.
    *   8: a living person (e.g., saved a life) - No.
    *   9: animation and energy (e.g., give life to it) - No.
    *   10: living things collectively (e.g., oceans are teeming with life) - Very close.
    *   11: the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones (e.g., no life on the moon) - Very close.
    *   12: biography (e.g., account of events) - No.
    *   13: motive for living (e.g., pottery was his life) - No.
    *   14: prison term (e.g., life sentence) - No.

    *   Sense 10: "living things collectively" (e.g., "oceans are teeming with life").
    *   Sense 11: "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones" (e.g., "there is no life on the moon").

    *   The text discusses "new types of life," "new forms of life," "alien life," and "essential for life."
    *   It's talking about the biological phenomenon of being alive, the existence of organisms, and the chemical requirements for that existence.
    *   "Alien life" refers to the existence of living organisms on other planets.
    *   "No life on the moon" (Sense 11 example) is almost identical in meaning to "alien life" or "life on Earth."
    *   "Oceans are teeming with life" (Sense 10 example) refers to the collection of organisms.

    *   Sense 11 focuses on the *phenomenon* (the distinction between living and non-living).
    *   Sense 10 focuses on the *collection* of living things.
    *   The context "new types of life," "new forms of life," and "essential for life" points toward the biological phenomenon/concept of life itself (what makes something "alive").

    *   "there is no life on the moon" (Sense 11) matches "new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere" and "alien life" perfectly.

    *   Sense 11 is the most accurate description of "life" when discussing astrobiology and the chemical basis of living organisms.