[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare <t>cancer</t>. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage about genetic tests for cancer-susceptible individuals, specifically mentioning retinoblastoma (an eye cancer), damaged genes, and tumor-suppressor genes.
    *   Target word: `<t>cancer</t>` in the sentence "...faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare <t>cancer</t>."
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Malignant growth/tumor (medical).
        2.  Astrology (person born in Cancer).
        3.  Constellation.
        4.  Zodiac sign.
        5.  Genus of crabs.

    *   The context discusses "genetic tests," "cancer-susceptible individuals," "predictive cancer diagnosis," "retinoblastoma," "eye cancer," "damaged gene," and "tumor-suppressor gene."
    *   The specific sentence refers to the "rare cancer" (retinoblastoma).
    *   This clearly refers to the medical condition of malignant growth.

    *   Sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division..." - This matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Astrology (person) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: Constellation - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: Zodiac sign - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: Genus of crabs - Incorrect.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "make" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It <t>made</t> our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "It <t>made</t> our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan.
    *   Meaning: The news (that the baby didn't inherit the gene) made their New Year (meaning it made the holiday special, enjoyable, or successful).

    *   1: engage in (do) - No.
    *   2: give certain properties to something (get someone mad) - No.
    *   3: make or cause to be or to become (create a mess) - No.
    *   4: cause to do (induce) - No.
    *   5: give rise to (cause a commotion) - No.
    *   6: create or manufacture (produce cars) - No.
    *   7: formulate in the mind (draw a conclusion) - No.
    *   8: compel to act (heat makes you sweat) - No.
    *   9: create by artistic means (create a poem) - No.
    *   10: earn money - No.
    *   11: create or design (do my room in blue) - No.
    *   12: compose or represent (form the background) - No.
    *   13: reach a goal (make the first team) - No.
    *   14: be capable of being changed into (make a fine father) - No.
    *   15: make by shaping (make a cake) - No.
    *   16: perform or carry out (make a decision) - No.
    *   17: make by combining materials (construct) - No.
    *   18: change from one form to another (water into wine) - No.
    *   19: act to acquire (make friends) - No.
    *   20: charge with a function (made president) - No.
    *   21: achieve a point or goal (got 4 goals) - No.
    *   22: reach a destination (hit Detroit) - No.
    *   23: institute or establish (make laws) - No.
    *   24: carry out or commit (make a mistake) - No.
    *   25: form by assembling (make a quorum) - No.
    *   26: organize or be responsible for (make a party) - No.
    *   27: put in order (make the bed) - No.
    *   28: head into a direction (made for the mountains) - No.
    *   29: bowel movement - No.
    *   30: undergo fabrication - No.
    *   31: be suitable for (wood makes good furniture) - No.
    *   32: add up to (four and four make eight) - No.
    *   33: amount to (makes no difference) - No.
    *   34: constitute the essence of (clothes make the man) - No.
    *   35: appear to begin an activity (made to speak) - No.
    *   36: proceed along a path (make one's way) - No.
    *   37: reach in time (made the plane) - No.
    *   38: gather and light materials (make a fire) - No.
    *   39: prepare for eating (make an omelette) - No.
    *   40: induce to have sex - No.
    *   41: assure the success of (make your play!) - Close, but "make your play" usually means making it a hit/success.
    *   42: represent fictitiously (make believe) - No.
    *   43: consider as being - No.
    *   44: calculate as being - No.
    *   45: cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable (make my day) - This fits perfectly. "It made our New Year" is analogous to "It made my day."
    *   46: favor the development of - No.
    *   47: develop into - No.
    *   48: behave in a certain way (make merry) - No.
    *   49: eliminate urine - No.

    *   Sense 45: "cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day"
    *   Context: "It made our New Year" (The news made the holiday enjoyable/special).

    *   Sense 41: "assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!"
    *   While "making" a holiday could be seen as making it a success, "make my day" (Sense 45) is a much closer idiomatic match for "make our New Year."

    *   The phrase "made our New Year" means the event made the holiday wonderful or special. This is exactly what "make my day" means.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "say" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "<t>says</t> Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "It made our New Year," <t>says</t> Mr. Quinlan.
    *   Target word: "says"
    *   Meaning: Mr. Quinlan is speaking the words "It made our New Year."

    *   Sense 1: express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you.
    *   Sense 2: report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war.
    *   Sense 3: express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth.
    *   Sense 4: have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows.
    *   Sense 5: give instructions to or direct somebody | synonyms=order, tell.
    *   Sense 6: speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate.
    *   Sense 7: communicate or express nonverbally.
    *   Sense 8: utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office.
    *   Sense 9: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare.
    *   Sense 10: recite or repeat a fixed text.
    *   Sense 11: indicate.

    *   The sentence is a direct quote: "It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan.
    *   This is a standard way of attributing a spoken statement to a speaker.
    *   Sense 1 (express in words/state/tell) fits well.
    *   Sense 8 (utter aloud) also fits, but Sense 1 is the more general and common usage for attributing quotes in a narrative or journalistic style.
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 1 vs Sense 8.
        *   Sense 1: "express in words" (He said that he wanted to marry her).
        *   Sense 8: "utter aloud" (She said 'Hello' to everyone).
    *   In journalistic writing, "says" usually means "stated" or "expressed in words."
    *   Looking at the examples for Sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her." This is indirect speech.
    *   Looking at the examples for Sense 8: "She said 'Hello' to everyone." This is direct speech.
    *   The context "It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan is direct speech.
    *   However, Sense 1 is often the primary sense for "say" meaning to communicate information.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2: "report or maintain". This is more about alleging something that might not be true.
    *   Let's look at Sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement". "It made our New Year" is an expression of feeling/opinion.
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again. "express in words". This is the most general definition.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 8 again:
        *   Sense 1: express in words (state, tell).
        *   Sense 8: utter aloud.
    *   Usually, in these types of NLP tasks (like WordNet-based sense disambiguation), the most general sense of "saying something" (reporting speech) is Sense 1.
    *   Let's check if Sense 1 covers both direct and indirect speech. Yes, "express in words" covers both.
    *   Sense 8 "utter aloud" often emphasizes the physical act of speaking or a specific greeting/exclamation.
    *   In the context of a quote in an article, "says" is the reporting verb.

    *   Sense 1: express in words. (Fits perfectly)
    *   Sense 2: report/maintain (allege). (Doesn't fit as well as 1)
    *   Sense 8: utter aloud. (Fits, but 1 is more comprehensive for reporting speech)

    Let's double-check the examples for Sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her".
    Let's double-check the examples for Sense 8: "She said 'Hello' to everyone in the office".
    The context "It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan is very similar to the structure of Sense 8 (direct quote). However, "It made our New Year" is a statement of fact/feeling, not just a greeting like "Hello".

    Actually, looking at many dictionary definitions, "say" as a reporting verb for a quote is almost always the primary sense (Sense 1).

    Let's re-read Sense 1: "express in words | synonyms=state, tell".
    Mr. Quinlan stated, "It made our New Year."

    Let's re-read Sense 8: "utter aloud".
    Mr. Quinlan uttered aloud, "It made our New Year."

    Sense 1 is the most natural fit for a reporting verb in a news-style text.

    *   Sense 1: express in words.
    *   Sense 2: report or maintain (allege).
    *   Sense 3: suppose.
    *   Sense 4: read (the sign says).
    *   Sense 5: order.
    *   Sense 6: pronounce.
    *   Sense 7: nonverbal.
    *   Sense 8: utter aloud.
    *   Sense 9: opinion/judgment.
    *   Sense 10: recite.
    *   Sense 11: indicate.

    The most common use of "says" in this context (attributing a quote) is Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "first" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the <t>first</t> to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Senses:
1. definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
3. definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
4. definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse
5. definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
6. definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "This test was the <t>first</t> to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."
    *   Target word: "first"

    *   Sense 1: preceding all others in time or space or degree (e.g., first house on the right, first day of spring).
    *   Sense 2: indicating the beginning unit in a series (e.g., 1st).
    *   Sense 3: serving to set in motion (e.g., inaugural, initiative, maiden).
    *   Sense 4: serving to begin (e.g., beginning canto, first verse).
    *   Sense 5: ranking above all others (e.g., foremost, world-class).
    *   Sense 6: highest in pitch or chief among parts (e.g., first soprano).

    *   The sentence says "This test was the first to predict reliably...".
    *   This means that among all tests created to predict this, this specific test happened before all the others. It is the earliest one in time.

    *   Sense 1 (preceding all others in time) fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 is more about numbering in a list (1st, 2nd, 3rd).
    *   Sense 3 is about initiating a process (inaugural).
    *   Sense 4 is about the start of a sequence (beginning verse).
    *   Sense 5 is about rank/quality (foremost).
    *   Sense 6 is about music/pitch.

    *   The test preceded all other such tests in time. This aligns with Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "individual" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an <t>individual</t> could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Senses:
1. definition=a human being | synonyms=person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. definition=a single organism

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an <t>individual</t> could expect to develop cancer."
    *   Target word: "individual"
    *   Senses:
        1.  a human being (person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul)
        2.  a single organism

    *   The text discusses a genetic test for retinoblastoma (eye cancer) in humans (the Quinlan family).
    *   The sentence says: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."
    *   In this context, "individual" refers to a person (a human being) who might be tested for the gene.

    *   Sense 1: "a human being" - Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a single organism" - While a human is a single organism, the context is specifically about human medical testing and human patients. Usually, "single organism" is used in a broader biological context (e.g., bacteria, plants, animals) to distinguish from a population or colony.

    *   The context is about a medical test for humans. "Individual" here means a person.
    *   Sense 1 is the most precise fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "expect" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could <t>expect</t> to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Senses:
1. definition=regard something as probable or likely | synonyms=anticipate | examples=The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow
2. definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, require | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
3. definition=look forward to the probable occurrence of | synonyms=look, await, wait | examples=We were expecting a visit from our relatives; She is looking to a promotion
4. definition=consider reasonable or due | examples=I'm expecting a full explanation as to why these files were destroyed
5. definition=look forward to the birth of a child | examples=She is expecting in March
6. definition=be pregnant with | synonyms=have a bun in the oven, bear, carry, gestate | examples=She is bearing his child; The are expecting another child in January

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could <t>expect</t> to develop cancer."
    *   Target word: "expect"

    *   Sense 1: regard something as probable or likely (anticipate). Example: "expecting rain".
    *   Sense 2: consider obligatory; request and expect (require). Example: "require our secretary to be on time".
    *   Sense 3: look forward to the probable occurrence of (await). Example: "expecting a visit".
    *   Sense 4: consider reasonable or due. Example: "expecting a full explanation".
    *   Sense 5: look forward to the birth of a child. Example: "expecting in March".
    *   Sense 6: be pregnant with. Example: "expecting another child".

    *   The sentence says: "...predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."
    *   In this context, "expect to develop cancer" means that based on the genetic test, it is *probable or likely* that the person will develop cancer.
    *   It's not about obligation (Sense 2), waiting for a visit (Sense 3), demanding an explanation (Sense 4), or pregnancy (Senses 5 & 6).
    *   It fits the definition of regarding something as probable or likely.

    *   Sense 1: "regard something as probable or likely". This matches perfectly. If a test predicts you will develop cancer, you can "expect" (regard as probable) that outcome.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "develop" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to <t>develop</t> cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Senses:
1. definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to <t>develop</t> cancer."
    *   Target word: "develop"
    *   Meaning in context: To start to have a disease or medical condition (cancer).

    *   1: make something new (product/creation) - No.
    *   2: work out (theory) - No.
    *   3: gain through experience (aversion, sense of right/wrong) - No.
    *   4: come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains - **Yes**, this fits medical conditions/physical changes.
    *   5: come into existence (movement, love) - No.
    *   6: change use of land/resources - No.
    *   7: elaborate on theories - No.
    *   8: create by training/teaching - No.
    *   9: be gradually disclosed (plot) - No.
    *   10: grow/progress through evolution/natural growth (flower, superpower) - No.
    *   11: become technologically advanced - No.
    *   12: cause to grow (grain, apple) - No.
    *   13: generate gradually (customers, market) - No.
    *   14: grow emotionally/mature - No.
    *   15: chemical solutions (film) - No.
    *   16: geometry - No.
    *   17: chess (pieces) - No.
    *   18: chess (rook) - No.
    *   19: music (melody) - No.
    *   20: happen (news, political movements) - No.
    *   21: expand in a series (math) - No.

    *   Sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains"
    *   "Develop cancer" is analogous to "developed abdominal pains" (acquiring a medical condition).


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop <t>cancer</t>. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text about retinoblastoma, a rare eye cancer, genetic probes, and the discovery of a tumor-suppressor gene.
    *   Target word: `<t>cancer</t>` in the sentence "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop <t>cancer</t>."
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Malignant growth/tumor (medical).
        2.  Person born under the sign of Cancer (astrology).
        3.  Zodiacal constellation (astronomy).
        4.  Fourth sign of the zodiac (astrology).
        5.  Genus of crabs (biology).

    *   The context mentions "retinoblastoma, an eye cancer", "rare tumor", "tumor-suppressor gene", and "cancer study".
    *   The specific sentence "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop <t>cancer</t>" refers to the medical condition of malignant growth.

    *   Sense 1 matches the medical definition of a malignant growth or tumor.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "equally" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. <t>Equally</t> important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Senses:
1. definition=to the same degree (often followed by `as') | synonyms=as, every bit | examples=they were equally beautiful; birds were singing and the child sang as sweetly
2. definition=in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way | synonyms=evenly | examples=a class evenly divided between girls and boys; they split their winnings equally

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage about a genetic test for retinoblastoma. The sentence is: "<t>Equally</t> important, the initial discovery of the gene... has opened a field of cancer study..."
    *   Target word: "Equally"
    *   Senses:
        1.  "to the same degree" (synonyms: as, every bit). Example: "they were equally beautiful".
        2.  "in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way" (synonyms: evenly). Example: "split their winnings equally".

    *   The sentence says: "Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene... has opened a field of cancer study..."
    *   This means the discovery of the gene is *just as* important as the previous point (the ability to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer).
    *   It refers to the *degree* of importance.

    *   Sense 1: "to the same degree". This fits perfectly. The discovery is important to the same degree as the test.
    *   Sense 2: "in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way". This does not fit. The importance isn't being divided or shared in amounts.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "important" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally <t>important</t>, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Senses:
1. definition=of great significance or value | synonyms=of import | examples=important people; the important questions of the day
2. definition=important in effect or meaning | synonyms=significant | examples=a significant change in tax laws; a significant change in the Constitution
3. definition=of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis | synonyms=crucial | examples=a crucial moment in his career; a crucial election
4. definition=having authority or ascendancy or influence | synonyms=authoritative | examples=an important official; the captain's authoritative manner
5. definition=having or suggesting a consciousness of high position | examples=recited the decree with an important air; took long important strides in the direction of his office

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally <t>important</t>, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth... has opened a field of cancer study..."
    *   Target word: "important"
    *   Meaning in context: The discovery of the gene is of great significance or value because it opened a new field of cancer study.

    *   Sense 1: "of great significance or value" (e.g., important people, important questions).
    *   Sense 2: "important in effect or meaning" (synonym: significant; e.g., significant change in tax laws).
    *   Sense 3: "of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis" (synonym: crucial; e.g., crucial moment).
    *   Sense 4: "having authority or ascendancy or influence" (synonym: authoritative; e.g., important official).
    *   Sense 5: "having or suggesting a consciousness of high position" (e.g., important air).

    *   The sentence says the discovery was "equally important" to the fact that the test could predict cancer.
    *   The discovery "opened a field of cancer study," which indicates it has great significance or value for science and medicine.
    *   Sense 1 fits best: "of great significance or value."
    *   Sense 2 ("significant" in effect/meaning) is close, but usually refers to a change or a difference (e.g., "a significant increase").
    *   Sense 3 ("crucial") is too strong; it's not about a crisis resolution.
    *   Sense 4 and 5 are about authority/status and don't fit.

    *   The discovery is of great significance/value to the field of cancer research. This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "discovery" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial <t>discovery</t> of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. definition=something that is discovered
3. definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Equally important, the initial <t>discovery</t> of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded."
    *   Target word: "discovery"

    *   Sense 1: the act of discovering something (find, uncovering).
    *   Sense 2: something that is discovered.
    *   Sense 3: a productive insight (breakthrough, find).
    *   Sense 4: (law) compulsory pretrial disclosure.

    *   The sentence says "the initial discovery of the gene... made by a Boston doctor... has opened a field of cancer study".
    *   Is it the *act* of discovering (Sense 1)? Yes, the act of finding the gene.
    *   Is it the *thing* discovered (Sense 2)? The gene itself is the thing discovered, but "discovery of the gene" usually refers to the event/act of finding it.
    *   Is it a *productive insight/breakthrough* (Sense 3)? The text says it "opened a field of cancer study," which strongly suggests a breakthrough.
    *   Is it legal discovery (Sense 4)? No.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of discovering something"
    *   Sense 2: "something that is discovered"
    *   Sense 3: "a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find"

    Let's look at the phrasing: "the initial discovery of the gene... has opened a field of cancer study".
    If we replace "discovery" with the synonyms:
    - "the initial *act of finding* the gene... has opened a field" (Sense 1)
    - "the initial *breakthrough* of the gene..." (Sense 3 - doesn't quite fit grammatically as "breakthrough of the gene", but "the discovery... was a breakthrough" does).

    Wait, let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
    Sense 1 is the general act.
    Sense 3 is a "productive insight" or "breakthrough".

    In scientific contexts, "the discovery of [X]" often refers to the event/act (Sense 1). However, when that discovery "opens a field of study," it is functioning as a breakthrough (Sense 3).

    Let's look at the senses again.
    1. the act of discovering something.
    2. something that is discovered.
    3. a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find.

    If the sentence was "The discovery was a gene," it would be Sense 2.
    If the sentence was "The discovery of the gene took years," it would be Sense 1.
    If the sentence was "The discovery of the gene opened a new field," it emphasizes the *impact* of the find, which aligns with "breakthrough" (Sense 3).

    However, "discovery of the gene" is most literally "the act of discovering the gene".

    Let's compare:
    "The discovery of the gene" -> The act of finding the gene.
    "The discovery" (as a noun referring to the result) -> The gene itself or the knowledge of it.

    In "the initial discovery of the gene... has opened a field", the subject is the event/fact of the gene being found.

    Let's check common NLP dataset patterns (like WordNet).
    Sense 1: act of discovering.
    Sense 2: the thing discovered.
    Sense 3: a breakthrough.

    Actually, looking at the phrasing "initial discovery", it often refers to the event. But the result ("opened a field") points toward a breakthrough.

    Let's re-read Sense 1: "the act of discovering something".
    Let's re-read Sense 3: "a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find".

    If I say "The discovery of penicillin changed medicine," is that the *act* of discovering it or the *breakthrough*? It's both, but "breakthrough" captures the significance.

    However, usually, in these types of multiple-choice sense tasks:
    - "The discovery of [X]" = Sense 1 (the act/process).
    - "This discovery is important" = Sense 3 (the breakthrough).

    Wait, "the initial discovery of the gene... has opened a field".
    Is "discovery of the gene" the *act* or the *insight*?
    The act of discovering the gene is what opened the field.

    Let's look at Sense 2: "something that is discovered".
    Could "discovery" here mean the gene itself? "The initial [gene]... has opened a field". No.

    Let's look at Sense 3 again: "a productive insight".
    Is the "discovery of the gene" an insight? Not exactly. The discovery *led* to insights.

    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "the act of discovering something".
    "The initial act of discovering the gene... has opened a field". This makes perfect sense.

    Let's double-check if "discovery" in "discovery of the gene" is typically categorized as the act (1) or the breakthrough (3).
    In many dictionaries:
    - Discovery (the act): The process of finding.
    - Discovery (the thing): The thing found.

    If the sense "breakthrough" is provided separately, it usually refers to the *significance* of the find.

    Example: "The discovery of fire" (The act/event).
    Example: "This discovery will win a Nobel prize" (The breakthrough/find).

    In the text: "the initial discovery of the gene... has opened a field".
    This is the event/act of finding the gene.

    Let's re-examine Sense 3: "a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find".
    If "find" is a synonym, "the initial find of the gene" is similar to "the initial discovery of the gene".

    Wait, let's look at the context again. "Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene... has opened a field of cancer study".
    The word "initial" modifies "discovery". This suggests a point in time or a first step in a process, which strongly points to the *act* or *event* (Sense 1).

    Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3 again.
    1. the act of discovering something.
    3. a productive insight.

    Is "the discovery of the gene" an "insight"? No, the gene is a physical entity (or a sequence). The *finding* of it is an act. The *result* of that act is a breakthrough.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the most accurate description of "the discovery of the gene".

    Wait, let me search for this specific example. This looks like it might be from a dataset (like SemCor or similar).
    In many contexts, "discovery of [something]" is the act.

    Let's try to see if Sense 3 fits better. "The initial breakthrough of the gene" doesn't work. "The initial find of the gene" works.

    Let's look at the options again.
    1. act of discovering
    2. something discovered
    3. productive insight/breakthrough

    If the sentence is "The discovery of the gene... opened a field", the "discovery" is the event. The event is the act of discovering.

    Let's think about Sense 2: "something that is discovered".
    Could "discovery" refer to the gene itself?
    "The initial [gene]... has opened a field". No.
    Could "discovery" refer to the *fact* that the gene exists?
    "The initial [fact that the gene exists]... has opened a field". Yes.

    But "the act of discovering" (Sense 1) is the most standard way to describe "the discovery of [X]".

    Let's re-read: "the initial discovery of the gene... made by a Boston doctor".
    "Made by a Boston doctor" strongly implies the *act* of discovering. You "make a discovery" (the act).

    Final check:
    Sense 1: act of discovering. (Fits "made by a Boston doctor", "initial discovery of the gene").
    Sense 2: something discovered. (The gene is the thing, but "discovery of the gene" is the act).
    Sense 3: productive insight. (The discovery *led* to insights, but the discovery itself is the act of finding the gene).
    Sense 4: legal. (No).

    Conclusion: Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "control" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that <t>controls</t> retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Senses:
1. definition=exercise authoritative control or power over | synonyms=command | examples=control the budget; Command the military forces
2. definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=hold in, hold, contain, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue
3. definition=handle and cause to function | synonyms=operate | examples=do not operate machinery after imbibing alcohol; control the lever
4. definition=control (others or oneself) or influence skillfully, usually to one's advantage | synonyms=manipulate, keep in line | examples=She manipulates her boss; She is a very controlling mother and doesn't let her children grow up
5. definition=check or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment or comparing with another standard | synonyms=verify | examples=Are you controlling for the temperature?
6. definition=verify by using a duplicate register for comparison | examples=control an account
7. definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=see, check, insure, see to it, ensure, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
8. definition=have a firm understanding or knowledge of; be on top of | synonyms=master | examples=Do you control these data?

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the initial discovery of the gene that <t>controls</t> retinal cell growth..."
    *   Target word: "controls"
    *   Subject: "the gene"
    *   Object: "retinal cell growth"

    *   Sense 1: exercise authoritative control or power over (command). (Usually applies to people/organizations).
    *   Sense 2: lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits (curb, moderate). (Often used for emotions or physical processes to keep them from getting too high).
    *   Sense 3: handle and cause to function (operate). (Usually applies to machinery).
    *   Sense 4: control (others or oneself) or influence skillfully (manipulate). (Usually applies to people).
    *   Sense 5: check or regulate (a scientific experiment) (verify). (Specific to experimental design).
    *   Sense 6: verify by using a duplicate register (control an account). (Accounting term).
    *   Sense 7: be careful or certain to do something (ensure). (Checking a task).
    *   Sense 8: have a firm understanding or knowledge of (master). (Knowledge).

    *   The sentence says a gene "controls" retinal cell growth.
    *   In biology, when a gene "controls" a process, it means it regulates it, determines how it happens, or keeps it within certain limits.
    *   Looking at the senses again:
        *   Sense 1 (authoritative power) is too human/social.
        *   Sense 2 (lessen intensity/hold in restraint/keep within limits) fits the biological function of a tumor-suppressor gene (which prevents uncontrolled growth).
        *   Sense 3 (operate machinery) is incorrect.
        *   Sense 4 (manipulate people) is incorrect.
        *   Sense 5 (experimental control) is incorrect.
        *   Sense 6 (accounting) is incorrect.
        *   Sense 7 (ensure) is incorrect.
        *   Sense 8 (mastery of knowledge) is incorrect.

    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate Sense 2. "lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits".
    *   The text mentions a "tumor-suppressor gene". Tumor suppressors specifically *restrain* or *limit* cell growth to prevent cancer.
    *   Does "control" in "gene that controls retinal cell growth" mean "regulate" or "keep within limits"? Yes.
    *   Is there a better sense? None of the others fit. Sense 1 is "authoritative control", which is usually for people. Sense 2 is "hold or keep within limits".

    *   "the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth"
    *   In a general biological sense, "control" often means "regulate".
    *   Sense 2: "lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits".
    *   If the gene is a tumor-suppressor gene, its specific job is to *restrain* growth.

    *   Sense 1: command (No)
    *   Sense 2: hold in restraint / keep within limits (Yes, fits biological regulation/suppression)
    *   Sense 3: operate (No)
    *   Sense 4: manipulate (No)
    *   Sense 5: experimental control (No)
    *   Sense 6: account verification (No)
    *   Sense 7: ensure (No)
    *   Sense 8: master (No)

    *Self-Correction:* Is "control" in "gene that controls growth" always "restrain"? Not necessarily, but in the context of a *tumor-suppressor gene*, it specifically means keeping growth in check. Even if it were a general regulatory gene, "keep within limits" (Sense 2) is the closest match among the provided options.

    *Wait*, let me look at Sense 1 again. "exercise authoritative control or power over". While usually for people, sometimes "control" in a biological sense is mapped to "govern" or "determine". However, "command" is the synonym provided for Sense 1. A gene doesn't "command" in the authoritative sense.

    Sense 2's synonyms "hold in, hold, contain, check, curb, moderate" align well with the function of a tumor-suppressor gene (checking/curbing growth).

    *   Context: "tumor-suppressor gene" -> "gene that controls retinal cell growth".
    *   Function: Prevent uncontrolled growth.
    *   Sense 2: "hold or keep within limits".
    *   Match: Strong.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal <t>cell</t> growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal <t>cell</t> growth..."
    *   Key terms: "gene", "retinal", "growth", "cancer study", "tumor".
    *   The word "cell" refers to the basic unit of the retina (part of the eye) that is growing uncontrollably in the case of cancer.

    *   Sense 1: Small compartment (honeycomb). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: (biology) basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. -> Correct.
    *   Sense 3: Electric current device. -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: Political movement nucleus. -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: Mobile phone. -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 6: Monk/nun room. -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 7: Prisoner room. -> Incorrect.

    *   The context is biological/medical (genes, tumors, cancer, retina).
    *   "Retinal cell" refers to the biological cells of the retina.
    *   This matches Sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "growth" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell <t>growth</t>, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Senses:
1. definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
5. definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell <t>growth</t>, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja..."
    *   Key phrase: "retinal cell growth".
    *   Contextual clues: The text discusses a "rare tumor" (retinoblastoma), a "tumor-suppressor gene", and "cancer".

    *   Sense 1: (biology) process of an individual organism growing organically (maturation, development).
    *   Sense 2: progression from simpler to more complex forms (e.g., culture).
    *   Sense 3: process of becoming larger, longer, more numerous, or more important (increase, increment).
    *   Sense 4: vegetation that has grown.
    *   Sense 5: gradual beginning or coming forth (emergence).
    *   Sense 6: (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor).
    *   Sense 7: something grown or growing (e.g., hair).

    *   The text mentions a "tumor-suppressor gene" that controls "retinal cell growth".
    *   In the context of cancer and tumors, "growth" refers to the proliferation of cells.
    *   Sense 6 specifically mentions "(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)".
    *   Wait, let's look closer. Does "controls retinal cell growth" refer to the *normal* process of cells growing or the *abnormal* proliferation?
    *   A tumor-suppressor gene normally controls the *normal* growth/division of cells to prevent them from becoming cancerous. However, when it's damaged, the "growth" becomes abnormal (a tumor).
    *   Let's re-read Sense 1: "the process of an individual organism growing organically... changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level". This is more about development/maturation.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important". Cell proliferation is essentially cells becoming "more numerous".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 6: "(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)".
    *   The gene "controls retinal cell growth". This usually means it regulates the cell cycle (how cells divide and increase in number).
    *   If the gene is a "tumor-suppressor gene", its job is to regulate the *normal* growth to prevent *abnormal* growth.
    *   However, in medical/biological contexts, "cell growth" often refers to the increase in cell number (proliferation).
    *   Is "retinal cell growth" in this sentence referring to the *normal* biological process (Sense 1 or 3) or the *pathological* process (Sense 6)?
    *   The sentence says: "the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth... has opened a field of cancer study".
    *   Usually, "cell growth" in a general biological sense (increasing in number) fits Sense 3 ("becoming... more numerous").
    *   But Sense 6 is specifically about "abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)".
    *   Let's look at the phrasing again: "the gene that controls retinal cell growth". This gene (the RB1 gene) controls the cell cycle. When it fails, you get "abnormal proliferation" (a tumor).
    *   Is the "growth" being controlled the *normal* growth or the *abnormal* growth? It controls the process of growth itself.
    *   If the "growth" refers to the tumor itself, it would be Sense 6. But it says "retinal cell growth", not "the growth of the retinal tumor".
    *   "Cell growth" is a standard biological term for the increase in cell size and number.
    *   Sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous". This fits "cell growth" perfectly.
    *   Sense 6: "an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)". This describes the *result* of the loss of control (the tumor itself).
    *   Let's compare:
        *   "The gene controls cell growth" (The process of cells dividing/increasing). -> Sense 3.
        *   "The doctor removed the growth" (The tumor). -> Sense 6.
    *   In the phrase "controls retinal cell growth", "growth" is the process of cells increasing in number.

    *   Sense 1: Maturation/Development (not quite).
    *   Sense 3: Increase/Becoming more numerous (fits cell proliferation).
    *   Sense 6: Abnormal proliferation/Tumor (usually used as a noun for the mass itself, e.g., "a growth on the lung").

    *   "the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth"
    *   The gene controls the *process* of growth.
    *   Sense 3 defines growth as "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous".
    *   Sense 6 defines growth as "an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)".
    *   While the context is cancer, the gene controls the *process* of growth (which, if uncontrolled, becomes a tumor).
    *   Wait, let me double-check if "cell growth" is specifically categorized under Sense 3 or Sense 6 in common NLP datasets (like WordNet).
    *   In WordNet, "growth" as in "cell growth" or "population growth" is typically the process of increasing in number/size (Sense 3).
    *   Sense 6 is usually "a growth" (a noun referring to the tumor itself). "The doctor found a growth on the retina."

    *   "the gene that controls retinal cell growth"
    *   Is it controlling the *normal* process (Sense 3) or the *abnormal* process (Sense 6)?
    *   It controls the process of cell division.
    *   If the sentence were "the gene that controls the growth of the tumor", it might be Sense 6. But "retinal cell growth" is a general biological process.

    *   Sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous"
    *   Sense 6: "an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)"
    *   "Cell growth" = cells becoming more numerous. This is Sense 3.
    *   "A growth" = a tumor. This is Sense 6.
    *   The text says "controls retinal cell growth". This is the process.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 6: "an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)".
    *   Is "cell growth" in the context of cancer always "abnormal proliferation"?
    *   The gene *controls* it. If it controls it, it's keeping it from becoming abnormal.
    *   Therefore, the "growth" being controlled is the general process of cell proliferation.

    *   Sense 1: maturation/development.
    *   Sense 3: increase/becoming more numerous.
    *   Sense 6: abnormal proliferation/tumor.
    *   "Retinal cell growth" refers to the proliferation of cells. This is most accurately described by Sense 3.

    *   Wait, let me search for "cell growth" in a dictionary.
    *   Merriam-Webster: "the process of increasing in physical size" or "the process of developing".
    *   Oxford: "the process of increasing in physical size".
    *   In the context of biology, "cell growth" often refers to both the increase in size of a cell and the increase in the number of cells (proliferation).
    *   Sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous". This matches perfectly.

    *   Could it be Sense 6? "an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)".
    *   If the gene "controls" it, it's controlling the *potential* for abnormal proliferation, but the term "cell growth" itself is the general process.
    *   Usually, "a growth" (noun) = tumor. "Cell growth" (process) = proliferation.
    *   The phrase is "controls retinal cell growth". This is the process.

    *   Sense 1: maturation/development (ontogeny).
    *   Sense 3: increase in number/size.
    *   Sense 6: abnormal proliferation (tumor).
    *   "Retinal cell growth" is the process of cells increasing in number. Sense 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "make" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, <t>made</t> by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Senses:
1. definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, <t>made</t> by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study..."
    *   Target word: "made"
    *   Usage: "...the initial discovery... made by a Boston doctor..."

    *   The phrase is "discovery... made by [someone]".
    *   In this context, "made" means the doctor performed the act of discovering or carried out the discovery.

    *   1. engage in (do) - *make love, make an effort* (No)
    *   2. give certain properties to something (get) - *get someone mad* (No)
    *   3. make or cause to be or to become (create) - *make a mess* (No)
    *   4. cause to do (induce) - *induced me to buy* (No)
    *   5. give rise to (cause) - *cause a commotion* (No)
    *   6. create or manufacture a man-made product (produce) - *produce more cars* (No)
    *   7. make, formulate, or derive in the mind (draw) - *draw a conclusion* (Wait, "discovery" is a mental process, but is it "formulating in the mind" or "performing an action"?)
    *   8. compel (make somebody act) - *made to integrate* (No)
    *   9. create by artistic means - *create a poem* (No)
    *   10. earn money - *make a month* (No)
    *   11. create or design - *do my room in blue* (No)
    *   12. compose or represent (form) - *branches made a roof* (No)
    *   13. reach a goal - *make the first team* (No)
    *   14. be capable of being changed into - *make a great host* (No)
    *   15. make by shaping constituents - *make a dress* (No)
    *   16. perform or carry out - *make a decision; make a move* (This looks promising. "Make a discovery" is a common collocation meaning to perform the act of discovering.)
    *   17. make by combining materials (construct) - *made his house out of straw* (No)
    *   18. change from one form to another - *make water into wine* (No)
    *   19. act in a certain way to acquire - *make friends* (No)
    *   20. charge with a function (name) - *made president* (No)
    *   21. achieve a point or goal - *got 4 goals* (No)
    *   22. reach a destination - *hit Detroit* (No)
    *   23. institute, enact, or establish - *make laws* (No)
    *   24. carry out or commit - *make a mistake* (Similar to 16, but usually for negative things like mistakes or crimes.)
    *   25. form by assembling individuals - *make a quorum* (No)
    *   26. organize or be responsible for - *make a party* (No)
    *   27. put in order - *make the bed* (No)
    *   28. head into a direction - *made for the mountains* (No)
    *   29. bowel movement - (No)
    *   30. undergo fabrication - (No)
    *   31. be suitable for - (No)
    *   32. add up to - (No)
    *   33. amount to - (No)
    *   34. constitute the essence of - (No)
    *   35. appear to begin an activity - (No)
    *   36. proceed along a path - (No)
    *   37. reach in time - (No)
    *   38. gather and light materials - (No)
    *   39. prepare for eating - (No)
    *   40. induce to have sex - (No)
    *   41. assure the success of - (No)
    *   42. represent fictitiously - (No)
    *   43. consider as being - (No)
    *   44. calculate as being - (No)
    *   45. cause to be enjoyable - (No)
    *   46. favor the development of - (No)
    *   47. develop into - (No)
    *   48. behave in a certain way - (No)
    *   49. eliminate urine - (No)

    *   Sense 16: "perform or carry out" (examples: *make a decision; make a move*).
    *   Sense 24: "carry out or commit" (examples: *make a mistake; commit a faux-pas*).
    *   Sense 7: "make, formulate, or derive in the mind" (examples: *draw a conclusion*).

    "Make a discovery" is a standard English collocation. Does it fit "perform or carry out" (16) or "formulate or derive in the mind" (7)?
    A discovery is an act of finding something. "Make a discovery" is more about the act of discovering than the mental derivation of a conclusion.

    Let's re-examine Sense 16: "perform or carry out".
    Examples: "make a decision", "make a move".
    "Make a discovery" fits this pattern of "make + [noun]" where "make" means to perform the action associated with the noun.

    Let's re-examine Sense 7: "make, formulate, or derive in the mind".
    Example: "draw a conclusion".
    While discovery involves the mind, "making a discovery" is generally categorized as performing the act of discovery.

    Let's re-examine Sense 24: "carry out or commit".
    Example: "make a mistake".
    This is usually for errors or crimes.

    Comparing 16 and 7:
    "Make a discovery" is very similar to "make a decision" (16). Both are actions performed.

    Wait, let me look at the list again. Is there any other sense?
    Sense 1: "engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort"
    Sense 16: "perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move"

    "Make a discovery" is almost always listed as "perform" or "carry out" in dictionaries when categorized this way.

    Let's double-check Sense 16 again. "perform or carry out".
    "The discovery... made by a Boston doctor" = "The discovery... performed/carried out by a Boston doctor". This fits well.

    Is it Sense 7? "make, formulate, or derive in the mind".
    "The discovery... formulated/derived in the mind by a Boston doctor". This is possible, but "make a discovery" is a more general phrase for the act of finding something, not just the mental derivation.

    Let's check if "make a discovery" is a common example for Sense 16 in other similar datasets (like WordNet). In WordNet, "make a discovery" often falls under the sense of "bring into existence" or "perform".

    Looking at the provided senses again:
    16. perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
    24. carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas

    "Make a discovery" is a positive or neutral action, whereas "make a mistake" (24) is negative. "Make a decision" (16) is neutral.

    Therefore, 16 is the most likely fit.

    *   Context: "the initial discovery... made by a Boston doctor"
    *   Meaning: The doctor performed the act of discovery.
    *   Sense 16: "perform or carry out"
    *   Match: Yes.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "doctor" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston <t>doctor</t> named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Senses:
1. definition=a licensed medical practitioner | synonyms=doc, physician, MD, Dr., medico | examples=I felt so bad I went to see my doctor
2. definition=(Roman Catholic Church) a title conferred on 33 saints who distinguished themselves through the orthodoxy of their theological teaching | synonyms=Doctor of the Church | examples=the Doctors of the Church greatly influenced Christian thought down to the late Middle Ages
3. definition=children take the roles of physician or patient or nurse and pretend they are at the physician's office | examples=the children explored each other's bodies by playing the game of doctor
4. definition=a person who holds Ph.D. degree (or the equivalent) from an academic institution | synonyms=Dr. | examples=she is a doctor of philosophy in physics

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage about genetic research on retinoblastoma, mentioning Thaddeus Dryja, a "Boston <t>doctor</t>" who discovered the gene controlling retinal cell growth.
    *   Target word: "doctor"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Licensed medical practitioner (physician, MD).
        2.  Roman Catholic Church title (Doctor of the Church).
        3.  Children's game of playing doctor.
        4.  Person with a Ph.D. (academic doctor).

    *   The text discusses cancer research, genetic probes, tumors, and the National Cancer Institute.
    *   Thaddeus Dryja is described as a "Boston doctor" who made the "initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth."
    *   In the context of medical research and cancer study, "doctor" typically refers to a medical practitioner/physician (MD) or a PhD researcher. However, in common usage and specifically within medical contexts like this, "doctor" usually refers to the medical professional (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: Licensed medical practitioner. (Fits well with medical research/cancer study).
    *   Sense 2: Catholic Church title. (Irrelevant).
    *   Sense 3: Children's game. (Irrelevant).
    *   Sense 4: Ph.D. holder. (Possible, but usually, in a medical context involving cancer research and clinical implications, "doctor" refers to the medical professional).

    *   Thaddeus Dryja is a well-known medical researcher/physician.
    *   The context is heavily medical (tumors, genes, cancer study, National Cancer Institute).
    *   Sense 1 is the most appropriate fit for a professional in this field.

    *   The user wants only the number of the correct sense.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "name" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor <t>named</t> Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Senses:
1. definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=call | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. definition=give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property | synonyms=identify | examples=Many senators were named in connection with the scandal; The almanac identifies the auspicious months
3. definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=nominate, make | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
4. definition=create and charge with a task or function | synonyms=appoint, nominate, constitute | examples=nominate a committee
5. definition=mention and identify by name | examples=name your accomplices!
6. definition=make reference to | synonyms=mention, advert, bring up, cite, refer | examples=His name was mentioned in connection with the invention
7. definition=identify as in botany or biology, for example | synonyms=identify, discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe
8. definition=give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of | synonyms=list | examples=List the states west of the Mississippi
9. definition=determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness through a diagnostic analysis | synonyms=diagnose

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor <t>named</t> Thaddeus Dryja..."
    *   Target word: "named" (past participle of "name").
    *   Usage: "a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja".

    *   Sense 1: assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to (e.g., "They named their son David").
    *   Sense 2: give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name (e.g., "Many senators were named in connection with the scandal").
    *   Sense 3: charge with a function; charge to be (e.g., "She was named Head of the Committee").
    *   Sense 4: create and charge with a task or function (e.g., "nominate a committee").
    *   Sense 5: mention and identify by name (e.g., "name your accomplices!").
    *   Sense 6: make reference to (e.g., "His name was mentioned").
    *   Sense 7: identify as in botany or biology (e.g., identify a species).
    *   Sense 8: give or make a list of (e.g., "List the states").
    *   Sense 9: determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness (diagnose).

    *   The phrase "a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" means the doctor's name is Thaddeus Dryja.
    *   This fits the pattern of assigning or having a proper name.
    *   Looking at Sense 1: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to". While the doctor was named Thaddeus Dryja at birth, in this context, "named" is used as a participial adjective to identify the person by their name.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
        *   Sense 1: "They named their son David" (The act of giving a name).
        *   Sense 2: "give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name" (Identifying someone).
    *   Wait, "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" is a very common construction. Is it "assigning" a name or "identifying" by name?
    *   Actually, in "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja", "named" functions as "who is called".
    *   Sense 1 synonyms: "call". "They called their son David" / "A doctor called Thaddeus Dryja".
    *   Sense 2 synonyms: "identify". "Many senators were named (identified) in connection with the scandal". This is more about identifying a suspect or a person involved in something.

    *   Sense 1: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to" / "call".
    *   Example: "They named their son David."
    *   In "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja", the doctor *was* assigned that name. It's the state of being called that name.

    *   Sense 2: "give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name".
    *   Example: "Many senators were named in connection with the scandal." (This means they were identified as being involved).

    *   Sense 1 is the most fitting because it refers to the proper name of the person. "A doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" = "A doctor called Thaddeus Dryja".

    *   Sense 1: assign a name / call.
    *   Sense 2: identify / refer to by name.
    *   Sense 3: appoint.
    *   Sense 4: appoint.
    *   Sense 5: list/identify accomplices.
    *   Sense 6: mention.
    *   Sense 7: biological identification.
    *   Sense 8: list.
    *   Sense 9: diagnose.

    The phrase "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" is a standard way to introduce someone's name. This aligns best with Sense 1 (to call/assign a name).

    *Self-Correction:* Let me double-check Sense 2 again. "give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name". If I say "The witness named the suspect", that's Sense 2 or 5. If I say "The doctor was named in the report", that's Sense 2. But "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" is simply stating his name.

    Sense 1: "They named their son David" (Active). "Their son was named David" (Passive). "A doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" (Reduced relative clause: "A doctor who was named Thaddeus Dryja"). This fits perfectly.