[User]
Which numbered sense of "deal" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible <t>deal</t>, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Senses:
1. definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "It shows the outlines for a possible <t>deal</t>, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions..."
    *   The context discusses negotiations between world leaders/countries regarding climate change, carbon output, and emissions cuts.
    *   The "deal" refers to the outcome of these negotiations—an agreement on how much each party (industrial vs. developing nations) will cut emissions.

    *   Sense 1: Buying or selling (trade/business). (Not quite, this is a diplomatic agreement, not a commercial transaction).
    *   Sense 2: An agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each. (Fits perfectly: negotiations, obligations to cut emissions).
    *   Sense 3: A large number or amount. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 4: A plank of softwood. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 5: Wood that is easy to saw. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 6: Cards held in a card game. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 7: Type of treatment received. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 8: Act of distributing playing cards. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 9: Act of apportioning or distributing something. (Incorrect).

    *   The context describes a "negotiation" and "outlines for a possible deal" regarding emissions cuts. This is clearly an agreement between parties fixing obligations.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "emission" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their <t>emissions</t> by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of emitting; causing to flow forth | synonyms=emanation
2. definition=a substance that is emitted or released | synonyms=discharge
3. definition=the release of electrons from parent atoms
4. definition=any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body | synonyms=discharge, expelling | examples=the discharge of pus
5. definition=the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text about climate negotiations in Copenhagen, focusing on carbon output, global warming, and industrial/developing nations cutting their "emissions" (specifically carbon emissions).
    *   Target word: "emissions" (plural of emission).
    *   Sentence: "...industrial nations would collectively cut their <t>emissions</t> by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels..."

    *   Sense 1: the act of emitting; causing to flow forth (emanation).
    *   Sense 2: a substance that is emitted or released (discharge).
    *   Sense 3: the release of electrons from parent atoms.
    *   Sense 4: bodily processes by which substances go out of the body (discharge, expelling).
    *   Sense 5: the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe).

    *   In the context of climate change and carbon output, "emissions" refers to the greenhouse gases (like CO2) being released into the atmosphere.
    *   These gases are the *substances* being emitted.
    *   Sense 1 is the *act* of emitting.
    *   Sense 2 is the *substance* that is emitted.
    *   In "cut their emissions," it refers to reducing the amount of the substance released.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of emitting" (e.g., the emission of light).
    *   Sense 2: "a substance that is emitted or released" (e.g., carbon emissions).
    *   The context "cut their emissions" refers to the quantity of the substances released.

    *   Sense 2 fits best because "emissions" in the context of climate change refers to the pollutants/gases themselves.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "level" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 <t>levels</t>, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Senses:
1. definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
6. definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level
7. definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 <t>levels</t>..."
    *   Target word: "levels"
    *   Meaning in context: The amount of emissions that existed in 1990. It refers to a quantity or amount on a scale.

    *   Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" (Synonyms: degree, grade). Example: "a high level of care is required".
    *   Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group" (Synonyms: grade, tier). Example: "lumber of the highest grade".
    *   Sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" (Synonyms: degree, stage, point). Example: "at what stage are the social sciences?".
    *   Sense 4: "height above ground". Example: "the water reached ankle level".
    *   Sense 5: "indicator that establishes the horizontal...".
    *   Sense 6: "a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line".
    *   Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth" (Synonyms: layer, stratum).
    *   Sense 8: "a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale" (Synonyms: floor, storey).

    *   The context "1990 levels" refers to the *amount* of emissions in 1990.
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "a position on a scale of intensity or **amount** or quality". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 is about grading/tiers (like quality of lumber).
    *   Sense 3 is about a stage in a process or a point in a series.
    *   Senses 4-8 are clearly incorrect (physical height, tools, flat surfaces, abstract layers, or floors of a building).

    *   "1990 levels" = the amount of emissions in 1990.
    *   Sense 1 = "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality".
    *   Match: Yes.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "period" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same <t>period</t> by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Senses:
1. definition=an amount of time | synonyms=time period, period of time | examples=a time period of 30 years; hastened the period of time of his recovery
2. definition=the interval taken to complete one cycle of a regularly repeating phenomenon
3. definition=(ice hockey) one of three divisions into which play is divided in hockey games
4. definition=a unit of geological time during which a system of rocks formed | synonyms=geological period | examples=ganoid fishes swarmed during the earlier geological periods
5. definition=the end or completion of something | examples=death put a period to his endeavors; a change soon put a period to my tranquility
6. definition=the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause; ; --Hippocrates; --Aristotle | synonyms=menstruation, menses, menstruum, catamenia, flow | examples=the women were sickly and subject to excessive menstruation; a woman does not take the gout unless her menses be stopped
7. definition=a punctuation mark (.) placed at the end of a declarative sentence to indicate a full stop or after abbreviations | synonyms=point, full stop, stop, full point | examples=in England they call a period a stop

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same <t>period</t> by 15 to 30 percent."
    *   Target word: "period"
    *   Meaning in context: The phrase "during the same period" refers back to the timeframe mentioned previously (from 1990 to 2020). It refers to a specific amount of time.

    *   Sense 1: "an amount of time" (synonyms: time period, period of time).
    *   Sense 2: "the interval taken to complete one cycle of a regularly repeating phenomenon" (e.g., physics/math).
    *   Sense 3: "(ice hockey) one of three divisions..."
    *   Sense 4: "a unit of geological time..."
    *   Sense 5: "the end or completion of something" (e.g., "put a period to").
    *   Sense 6: "the monthly discharge of blood..." (menstruation).
    *   Sense 7: "a punctuation mark (.)".

    *   The context refers to the time between 1990 and 2020.
    *   This fits perfectly with Sense 1: "an amount of time".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "country" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the <t>countries</t> would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation.

Senses:
1. definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Together, the <t>countries</t> would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050."
    *   Surrounding text: Mentions "rich countries", "poor ones", "developed and major emerging economies", "industrial nations", "major developing countries".
    *   The sentence refers to these entities (industrial nations and major developing countries) collectively agreeing to cut emissions.

    *   Sense 1: A politically organized body of people under a single government (state, nation).
    *   Sense 2: The territory occupied by a nation (land).
    *   Sense 3: The people who live in a nation or country (nation, land).
    *   Sense 4: An area outside of cities and towns (rural area).
    *   Sense 5: A particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (area).

    *   The context is about international agreements, emissions targets, and political entities (industrial nations, developing countries).
    *   "Countries" here refers to the political entities (states/nations) that enter into agreements and implement policies.
    *   Sense 1 (politically organized body/state/nation) fits best.
    *   Sense 2 (territory) is less likely because territories don't "cut emissions" (the governments/states do).
    *   Sense 3 (the people) is less likely because the agreement is between governments.
    *   Sense 4 (rural area) is completely wrong.
    *   Sense 5 (geographical region) is not applicable here.

    *   The word "countries" in "Together, the countries would cut emissions" refers to the sovereign states/nations involved in the U.N. negotiations. This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "emission" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut <t>emissions</t> between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of emitting; causing to flow forth | synonyms=emanation
2. definition=a substance that is emitted or released | synonyms=discharge
3. definition=the release of electrons from parent atoms
4. definition=any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body | synonyms=discharge, expelling | examples=the discharge of pus
5. definition=the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text about U.N. climate negotiations, carbon output, global temperature rise, and countries cutting "emissions" (specifically carbon/greenhouse gases) to combat global warming.
    *   Target word: "emissions" (plural of emission).
    *   Sentence: "Together, the countries would cut <t>emissions</t> between 50 and 95 percent by 2050."

    *   Sense 1: "the act of emitting; causing to flow forth" (The process/action).
    *   Sense 2: "a substance that is emitted or released" (The actual thing being released, e.g., CO2).
    *   Sense 3: "the release of electrons from parent atoms" (Physics/Chemistry specific).
    *   Sense 4: "any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body" (Biological).
    *   Sense 5: "the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)" (Hydraulic).

    *   The context refers to "carbon output" and cutting "emissions" to stop global warming.
    *   In this context, "emissions" refers to the greenhouse gases (substances) being released into the atmosphere.
    *   Sense 2 ("a substance that is emitted or released") fits perfectly. Sense 1 refers to the *act* of emitting, but when we talk about "cutting emissions," we are usually referring to the amount of the substance released.

    *   Sense 1: Act of emitting.
    *   Sense 2: Substance emitted.
    *   In "cut emissions," are we cutting the *act* or the *substance*? Usually, it means reducing the amount of the substance released.
    *   Comparing "carbon output" (mentioned earlier in the text) with "emissions" confirms it refers to the substances.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "year" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a <t>year</t> over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week.

Senses:
1. definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...pledging to provide $3.6 billion a <t>year</t> over the next three years..."
    *   Target word: "year"
    *   Senses:
        1.  A period of 365/366 days (standard calendar year).
        2.  A period for a particular activity (e.g., school year).
        3.  Planetary revolution around the sun.
        4.  A graduating class.

    *   The phrase "$3.6 billion a year" indicates a rate of payment per 12-month period.
    *   This matches the standard definition of a calendar year (365/366 days).

    *   Sense 1: 365/366 days. (Fits perfectly)
    *   Sense 2: Particular activity (school year). (Doesn't fit)
    *   Sense 3: Planetary revolution. (Too scientific/astronomical for this context)
    *   Sense 4: Graduating class. (Doesn't fit)

The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "year" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three <t>years</t> to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week.

Senses:
1. definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three <t>years</t> to help poorer countries adapt..."
    *   Target word: "years" (plural of "year").
    *   Usage: "over the next three years".

    *   Sense 1: A period of 365/366 days (standard calendar year).
    *   Sense 2: A period for a particular activity (e.g., school year).
    *   Sense 3: Astronomical revolution around the sun.
    *   Sense 4: A graduating class.

    *   The phrase "over the next three years" refers to a duration of time consisting of three standard calendar years.
    *   It does not refer to a specific activity period (like a school year), an astronomical event, or a graduating class.

    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "country" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer <t>countries</t> adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week.

Senses:
1. definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer <t>countries</t> adapt to the impact of climate change..."
    *   Target word: "countries"

    *   Sense 1: A politically organized body of people under a single government (state, nation).
    *   Sense 2: The territory occupied by a nation (land).
    *   Sense 3: The people who live in a nation or country (nation, land).
    *   Sense 4: An area outside of cities and towns (rural area).
    *   Sense 5: A particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (area).

    *   The text discusses international climate negotiations involving "industrial nations," "major developing countries," and "poorer countries."
    *   The money is being provided to "poorer countries" to help them adapt to climate change.
    *   In this context, "countries" refers to sovereign states or political entities (governments/nations) that receive aid and implement policies.

    *   Sense 1 (politically organized body/state) fits best because it refers to the political entities (nations/states) that are the recipients of the funding and the actors in the climate agreement.
    *   Sense 2 (territory) is less likely because the aid is given to the political entity to manage the territory, not to the land itself.
    *   Sense 3 (the people) is possible, but usually, "countries" in the context of international aid and diplomacy refers to the states/governments.
    *   Sense 4 (rural area) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 5 (geographical region) is incorrect.

    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2: "Poorer countries" usually refers to the states/nations as political entities.
    *   Example for Sense 1: "African nations".
    *   Example for Sense 2: "visited several European countries".
    *   In the context of "providing $3.6 billion... to help poorer countries adapt," the focus is on the political entities (states) that receive the funds and organize the adaptation efforts.

    *   Sense 1: a politically organized body of people under a single government.
    *   This matches the usage of "countries" in international relations and diplomacy.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "impact" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the <t>impact</t> of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week.

Senses:
1. definition=the striking of one body against another
2. definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | synonyms=wallop | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking; the book packs a wallop
3. definition=influencing strongly | synonyms=impingement, encroachment | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture
4. definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | synonyms=shock | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...to help poorer countries adapt to the <t>impact</t> of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation."
    *   Target word: "impact"

    *   Sense 1: "the striking of one body against another" (Physical collision).
    *   Sense 2: "a forceful consequence; a strong effect" (Result/Effect).
    *   Sense 3: "influencing strongly" (Impingement/Encroachment).
    *   Sense 4: "the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat" (Military shock).

    *   The phrase is "impact of climate change".
    *   The context mentions "coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation".
    *   These are consequences or effects of climate change.
    *   Sense 1 (physical collision) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 2 (forceful consequence/strong effect) fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 3 (impingement/encroachment) is more about intrusion or influence on values/rights.
    *   Sense 4 (combat) doesn't fit.

    *   The correct sense is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "flood" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with <t>flood</t> and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week.

Senses:
1. definition=the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land | synonyms=inundation, deluge, alluvion | examples=plains fertilized by annual inundations
2. definition=an overwhelming number or amount | synonyms=inundation, deluge, torrent | examples=a flood of requests; a torrent of abuse
3. definition=light that is a source of artificial illumination having a broad beam; used in photography | synonyms=floodlight, flood lamp, photoflood
4. definition=a large flow | synonyms=overflow, outpouring
5. definition=the act of flooding; filling to overflowing | synonyms=flowage
6. definition=the occurrence of incoming water (between a low tide and the following high tide);  -Shakespeare | synonyms=flood tide, rising tide | examples=a tide in the affairs of men which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with <t>flood</t> and drought to avoiding deforestation."
    *   Target word: "flood"
    *   Surrounding words: "coping with flood and drought", "impact of climate change", "poorer countries adapt".

    *   Sense 1: The rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land (inundation, deluge).
    *   Sense 2: An overwhelming number or amount (e.g., a flood of requests).
    *   Sense 3: Artificial illumination (floodlight).
    *   Sense 4: A large flow (overflow, outpouring).
    *   Sense 5: The act of flooding; filling to overflowing.
    *   Sense 6: Incoming water between low and high tide (flood tide).

    *   The context mentions "climate change", "drought", and "deforestation".
    *   "Flood" is paired with "drought".
    *   In the context of climate change and natural disasters, "flood" refers to the natural disaster where water overflows onto dry land.
    *   This matches Sense 1 perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: Natural disaster/overflowing water. (Correct)
    *   Sense 2: Metaphorical abundance. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Lighting. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: General large flow. (Too general, Sense 1 is more specific to the disaster context)
    *   Sense 5: The act of filling. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Tides. (Incorrect)


[User]
Which numbered sense of "drought" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and <t>drought</t> to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week.

Senses:
1. definition=a shortage of rainfall | synonyms=drouth | examples=farmers most affected by the drought hope that there may yet be sufficient rain early in the growing season
2. definition=a prolonged shortage | synonyms=drouth | examples=when England defeated Pakistan it ended a ten-year drought

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and <t>drought</t> to avoiding deforestation."
    *   Target word: "drought"
    *   Senses:
        1.  Shortage of rainfall (meteorological/environmental).
        2.  Prolonged shortage (metaphorical, e.g., sports winning streaks).

    *   The sentence discusses "climate change," "flood," and "deforestation."
    *   "Flood" and "drought" are often paired as opposite extreme weather events caused by climate change.
    *   This clearly refers to a lack of rain/water in an environmental context.

    *   Sense 1: "a shortage of rainfall" - Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a prolonged shortage" (e.g., sports) - Does not match.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "sort" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same <t>sort</t> of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world.

Senses:
1. definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, form, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
2. definition=an approximate definition or example | examples=she wore a sort of magenta dress; she served a creamy sort of dessert thing
3. definition=a person of a particular character or nature | examples=what sort of person is he?; he's a good sort
4. definition=an operation that segregates items into groups according to a specified criterion | synonyms=sorting | examples=the bottleneck in mail delivery is the process of sorting

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Still, Friday featured the same <t>sort</t> of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week."
    *   Target word: "sort"

    *   Sense 1: A category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality (synonyms: kind, form, variety).
    *   Sense 2: An approximate definition or example (e.g., "sort of magenta").
    *   Sense 3: A person of a particular character or nature.
    *   Sense 4: An operation that segregates items into groups (sorting).

    *   The phrase is "the same sort of verbal fireworks".
    *   Here, "sort" refers to a *type* or *kind* of behavior (verbal fireworks).
    *   It describes a category of events/actions that have occurred repeatedly.

    *   Sense 1 (category/kind/variety) fits perfectly. "The same kind of verbal fireworks."
    *   Sense 2 (approximate) doesn't fit. It's not saying "approximately verbal fireworks."
    *   Sense 3 (person) doesn't fit. "Verbal fireworks" are not people.
    *   Sense 4 (operation/sorting) doesn't fit. It's not describing the act of organizing items.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "week" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past <t>week</t>. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world.

Senses:
1. definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past <t>week</t>."
    *   Target word: "week"
    *   Senses:
        1.  Any period of seven consecutive days.
        2.  Hours or days of work in a calendar week (workweek).
        3.  A period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday (calendar week).

    *   The sentence says "the talks for the past week."
    *   This refers to the duration of the talks over the last seven days.
    *   It doesn't specifically refer to a workweek (Sense 2).
    *   It doesn't specifically refer to a calendar week starting on Sunday (Sense 3).
    *   It refers to a general period of seven days leading up to the current time (Friday).

    *   Sense 1: "any period of seven consecutive days" - Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "hours or days of work in a calendar week" - Does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday" - Too specific; the context doesn't imply the week started on a Sunday.

Sense 1 is the most accurate.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "climate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special <t>climate</t> envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Senses:
1. definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter
2. definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text about international negotiations regarding emissions cuts, greenhouse gases, and the U.N.'s top "climate official." Specifically, the target word is in "U.S. special <t>climate</t> envoy Todd Stern."
    *   Target word: "climate"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Weather averaged over a long period (clime).
        2.  Prevailing psychological state (mood).

    *   The text discusses "emissions," "greenhouse-gas emissions," "industrial nations," "developing countries," "climate change," "flood and drought," and "deforestation."
    *   The phrase "U.S. special climate envoy" refers to a diplomat dealing with global warming/environmental issues.
    *   "Climate" here refers to the Earth's climate system and the changes occurring within it (climate change).

    *   Sense 1: "the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time." This relates to the physical environment and weather patterns.
    *   Sense 2: "the prevailing psychological state." This relates to mood or opinion.

    *   The context is clearly about the physical environment/global warming, not a psychological mood.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "envoy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate <t>envoy</t> Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Senses:
1. definition=a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador | synonyms=envoy extraordinary, minister plenipotentiary
2. definition=someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else | synonyms=emissary
3. definition=a brief stanza concluding certain forms of poetry | synonyms=envoi

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "U.S. special climate <t>envoy</t> Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts..."
    *   Target word: "envoy"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  A diplomat having less authority than an ambassador.
        2.  Someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else (emissary).
        3.  A brief stanza concluding certain forms of poetry (envoi).

    *   The context refers to "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern".
    *   Todd Stern is representing the United States government in climate negotiations.
    *   This is a diplomatic role.

    *   Sense 3 (poetry) is clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 1 (diplomat with less authority than an ambassador) and Sense 2 (someone sent on a mission to represent interests/emissary) are both related to diplomacy.
    *   In modern usage, a "special envoy" is a person appointed by a head of state or government to represent them on a specific issue (like climate change). This fits the general definition of an emissary (Sense 2).
    *   However, Sense 1 specifically mentions "a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador". While technically true in some hierarchical contexts, "special envoy" is more broadly a representative on a mission.
    *   Let's look closer at the nuances.
        *   Sense 1: "a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador". This is a very specific diplomatic rank.
        *   Sense 2: "someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else". This is a broader definition.
    *   Todd Stern was appointed as the "Special Envoy for Climate Change". This is a mission-specific representative role.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2: Sense 2 is the general meaning of "envoy" as a representative/emissary. Sense 1 is a specific diplomatic rank. In the context of "Special Envoy", it's more about the mission (representing the US on climate) than the specific rank relative to an ambassador (though they are diplomats).
    *   Actually, looking at standard dictionary definitions (like Merriam-Webster or Oxford):
        *   Envoy: a messenger or representative, especially one on a diplomatic mission.
        *   Sense 1 in the prompt is very specific about rank.
        *   Sense 2 is the general "representative/emissary" meaning.
    *   In the phrase "U.S. special climate envoy", the word "envoy" is used in the sense of a representative sent on a specific mission.

    *   Sense 1: Diplomat < ambassador.
    *   Sense 2: Representative/emissary.
    *   Todd Stern is a representative sent on a mission. This fits Sense 2 perfectly. Sense 1 is a technicality of diplomatic rank that isn't the primary meaning here.

    *   Context: "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern"
    *   Sense 2: "someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else"
    *   This matches.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cut" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding <t>cuts</t> of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Senses:
1. definition=a share of the profits | examples=everyone got a cut of the earnings
2. definition=(film) an immediate transition from one shot to the next | examples=the cut from the accident scene to the hospital seemed too abrupt
3. definition=a trench resembling a furrow that was made by erosion or excavation | synonyms=gash
4. definition=a step on some scale | examples=he is a cut above the rest
5. definition=a wound made by cutting | synonyms=gash, slash, slice | examples=he put a bandage over the cut
6. definition=a piece of meat that has been cut from an animal carcass | synonyms=cut of meat
7. definition=a remark capable of wounding mentally | synonyms=stinger | examples=the unkindest cut of all
8. definition=a distinct selection of music from a recording or a compact disc | synonyms=track | examples=he played the first cut on the cd; the title track of the album
9. definition=the omission that is made when an editorial change shortens a written passage | synonyms=deletion, excision | examples=an editor's deletions frequently upset young authors; both parties agreed on the excision of the proposed clause
10. definition=the style in which a garment is cut | examples=a dress of traditional cut
11. definition=a canal made by erosion or excavation
12. definition=a refusal to recognize someone you know | synonyms=snub, cold shoulder | examples=the snub was clearly intentional
13. definition=in baseball; a batter's attempt to hit a pitched ball | synonyms=baseball swing, swing | examples=he took a vicious cut at the ball
14. definition=(sports) a stroke that puts reverse spin on the ball | synonyms=undercut | examples=cuts do not bother a good tennis player
15. definition=the division of a deck of cards before dealing | synonyms=cutting | examples=he insisted that we give him the last cut before every deal; the cutting of the cards soon became a ritual
16. definition=the act of penetrating or opening open with a sharp edge | synonyms=cutting | examples=his cut in the lining revealed the hidden jewels
17. definition=the act of cutting something into parts | synonyms=cutting | examples=his cuts were skillful; his cutting of the cake made a terrible mess
18. definition=the act of shortening something by chopping off the ends | synonyms=cutting, cutting off | examples=the barber gave him a good cut
19. definition=the act of reducing the amount or number | examples=the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget
20. definition=an unexcused absence from class | examples=he was punished for taking too many cuts in his math class

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding <t>cuts</t> of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries..."
    *   Target word: "cuts" (plural of "cut").
    *   Meaning in context: Reducing the amount of greenhouse-gas emissions.

    1.  Share of profits (No)
    2.  Film transition (No)
    3.  Trench/furrow (No)
    4.  Step on a scale (No)
    5.  Wound (No)
    6.  Piece of meat (No)
    7.  Wounding remark (No)
    8.  Music track (No)
    9.  Editorial omission (No)
    10. Garment style (No)
    11. Canal (No)
    12. Refusal to recognize/snub (No)
    13. Baseball swing (No)
    14. Sports stroke (No)
    15. Card division (No)
    16. Act of penetrating (No)
    17. Act of cutting into parts (No)
    18. Act of shortening by chopping ends (No)
    19. Act of reducing the amount or number (Yes - "cuts in the city budget" is similar to "cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions")
    20. Unexcused absence (No)

    *   Sense 19: "the act of reducing the amount or number | examples=the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget"
    *   Context: "binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions"
    *   Comparison: Reducing the budget (amount of money) is analogous to reducing emissions (amount of gas).

Sense 19 is the correct match.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "emission" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas <t>emissions</t> for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of emitting; causing to flow forth | synonyms=emanation
2. definition=a substance that is emitted or released | synonyms=discharge
3. definition=the release of electrons from parent atoms
4. definition=any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body | synonyms=discharge, expelling | examples=the discharge of pus
5. definition=the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas <t>emissions</t> for industrialized countries..."
    *   Target word: "emissions"
    *   Contextual clues: "greenhouse-gas", "binding cuts", "industrialized countries", "climate change".

    *   Sense 1: the act of emitting; causing to flow forth (emanation).
    *   Sense 2: a substance that is emitted or released (discharge).
    *   Sense 3: the release of electrons from parent atoms.
    *   Sense 4: bodily processes by which substances go out of the body (discharge, expelling).
    *   Sense 5: the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe).

    *   "Greenhouse-gas emissions" refers to the actual gases (substances) being released into the atmosphere.
    *   Sense 1 is the *act* of emitting.
    *   Sense 2 is the *substance* that is emitted.
    *   In the phrase "cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions", "emissions" refers to the quantity/amount of the substances released.

    *   Is it the *act* (Sense 1) or the *substance* (Sense 2)?
    *   Usually, "carbon emissions" or "greenhouse gas emissions" refers to the substances released.
    *   Let's re-read: "cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent". You cut the amount of the substance released.
    *   Sense 2: "a substance that is emitted or released". This fits best.

    *   Sense 1: Act of emitting.
    *   Sense 2: Substance emitted.
    *   In environmental contexts, "emissions" almost always refers to the pollutants/gases themselves (the substances).

    *   Sense 2 is the most accurate description of "greenhouse-gas emissions".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "one" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary <t>ones</t> by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Senses:
1. definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one
2. definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary <t>ones</t> by major emerging economies..."
    *   Target word: "ones" (plural of "one").
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  The smallest whole number (1).
        2.  A single person or thing (used as a pronoun to refer back to a previously mentioned noun).

    *   The sentence compares "binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions" with "voluntary ones".
    *   In this context, "ones" refers back to "cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions".
    *   It is being used as a pronoun to avoid repeating the noun phrase "cuts".

    *   Sense 1: Numeral/number 1. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: A single person or thing (pronoun). (Correct)

    *   The word "ones" is the plural form of "one" used in Sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "move" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The <t>move</t> signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of deciding to do something | examples=he didn't make a move to help; his first move was to hire a lawyer
2. definition=the act of changing your residence or place of business | synonyms=relocation | examples=they say that three moves equal one fire
3. definition=a change of position that does not entail a change of location | synonyms=motion, movement, motility | examples=the reflex motion of his eyebrows revealed his surprise; movement is a sign of life
4. definition=the act of changing location from one place to another | synonyms=motion, movement | examples=police controlled the motion of the crowd; the movement of people from the farms to the cities
5. definition=(game) a player's turn to take some action permitted by the rules of the game

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts... The <t>move</t> signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China..."
    *   Target word: "move"
    *   Meaning in context: The act of rejecting the language (an action taken to achieve a goal or signal a position).

    *   Sense 1: "the act of deciding to do something" (e.g., "he didn't make a move to help", "his first move was to hire a lawyer"). This refers to a strategic action or a decision to act.
    *   Sense 2: "the act of changing your residence or place of business" (relocation). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: "a change of position that does not entail a change of location" (motion). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: "the act of changing location from one place to another" (motion). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: "(game) a player's turn to take some action permitted by the rules of the game". (Incorrect - while diplomacy is sometimes compared to a game, this is a general action/decision, not a literal game turn).

    *   The "move" refers to Todd Stern rejecting the language. This is a strategic action or a decision to act in a certain way to signal a policy shift.
    *   Sense 1 fits best: "the act of deciding to do something" / "his first move was to hire a lawyer". In the context, the "move" is the act of rejecting the language.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "china" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with <t>China</t> than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Senses:
1. definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text about climate change negotiations, emissions cuts, the European Union, the U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern, and the Obama administration's stance towards "China".
    *   Target word: "China" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Sentence: "The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with <t>China</t> than Bush administration officials did just two years ago."

    *   Sense 1: A communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC).
    *   Sense 2: High quality porcelain (material).
    *   Sense 3: Government on the island of Taiwan (ROC).
    *   Sense 4: Dishware made of porcelain.

    *   The context discusses international climate deals, emissions cuts, and diplomatic relations between the U.S. (Obama administration) and a "major developing country" or "major emerging economy".
    *   The U.S. is negotiating with a nation.
    *   In the context of global climate change talks (like the Copenhagen Summit, which this text seems to describe), "China" refers to the People's Republic of China (the most populous country, a major emitter).

    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly (the nation/PRC).
    *   Sense 2 (porcelain) makes no sense.
    *   Sense 3 (Taiwan) is not the primary target of these specific global emissions negotiations in this context.
    *   Sense 4 (dishware) makes no sense.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "bush_administration" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than <t>Bush administration</t> officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Senses:
1. definition=the executive under President George H. W. Bush
2. definition=the executive under President George W. Bush

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text discussing climate change negotiations, mentioning Todd Stern (U.S. special climate envoy), the Obama administration, and the "Bush administration".
    *   Target phrase: "Bush administration"
    *   Senses:
        1.  Executive under President George H. W. Bush (father).
        2.  Executive under President George W. Bush (son).

    *   The text mentions "the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago."
    *   Barack Obama became president in January 2009.
    *   "Two years ago" from the time of the Obama administration (likely around 2009-2012) would be around 2007-2010.
    *   George W. Bush was president from 2001 to 2009.
    *   George H. W. Bush was president from 1989 to 1993.
    *   The timeline clearly points to George W. Bush.

    *   Sense 1: George H. W. Bush (1989-1993).
    *   Sense 2: George W. Bush (2001-2009).
    *   The context refers to the administration immediately preceding Obama's (or very close to it), which was George W. Bush's.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "official" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration <t>officials</t> did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Senses:
1. definition=a worker who holds or is invested with an office | synonyms=functionary
2. definition=someone who administers the rules of a game or sport | examples=the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration <t>officials</t> did just two years ago."
    *   Target word: "officials"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  a worker who holds or is invested with an office (synonym: functionary)
        2.  someone who administers the rules of a game or sport (example: golfer asking for a ruling)

    *   The word "officials" refers to people working within the Bush administration (government officials).
    *   These people are government employees/workers holding office.
    *   They are not referees or sports officials.

    *   Sense 1: "a worker who holds or is invested with an office" fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "someone who administers the rules of a game or sport" does not fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "year" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two <t>years</t> ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Senses:
1. definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two <t>years</t> ago."
    *   Target word: "years"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  A period of 365/366 days (standard calendar year).
        2.  A period for a particular activity (e.g., school year).
        3.  Planetary revolution around the sun (astronomical year).
        4.  A graduating class.

    *   The phrase "two years ago" refers to a duration of time (2 * 365/366 days) relative to the present or a specific point in the past.
    *   It is not referring to a school year (Sense 2).
    *   It is not referring to the orbital period of a planet (Sense 3).
    *   It is not referring to a graduating class (Sense 4).
    *   It is referring to the standard unit of time (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days" - This fits perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "united_states" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The <t>United States</t> is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Senses:
1. definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text about climate change talks involving the European Union, the U.S. (represented by Todd Stern), and China.
    *   Target phrase: "The <t>United States</t> is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action..."
    *   Senses:
        1.  The North American republic (the country/nation).
        2.  The federal government of the United States (the political entity/administration).

    *   "The United States is not going to do a deal..."
    *   In this context, "the United States" refers to the entity negotiating a treaty/deal.
    *   While "United States" often refers to the country (Sense 1), in the context of international diplomacy and signing deals, it specifically refers to the government/administration acting on behalf of the country.
    *   Looking at the surrounding text: "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern", "Obama administration", "Bush administration officials".
    *   The sentence "The United States is not going to do a deal" is a statement about the government's position and willingness to enter into an agreement.

    *   Sense 1: The geographical/political entity (the republic).
    *   Sense 2: The government (executive, legislative, judicial branches).

    *   In many NLP datasets (like WordNet), "United States" used in a political/diplomatic context (making deals, signing treaties) is often categorized as the government (Sense 2).
    *   Let's re-read: "The United States is not going to do a deal..."
    *   Does the *country* do a deal, or does the *government* do a deal? Technically, the government does the deal on behalf of the country.
    *   Comparing the two:
        *   Sense 1: The republic (the whole entity).
        *   Sense 2: The federal government.
    *   In the sentence "The United States is not going to do a deal", "United States" is used as a metonym for the U.S. government.

    *   Wait, let me look at the senses again.
    *   Sense 1: North American republic...
    *   Sense 2: the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government...
    *   In the context of "doing a deal" in international relations, it's almost always the government.

    *   Let's check if Sense 1 is more general. Often, "the United States" is used interchangeably. However, when the distinction is provided between the country and the government, the government is the one negotiating.

    *   Context: "The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line... The United States is not going to do a deal..."
    *   The proximity to "Obama administration" strongly suggests the government (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: The country.
    *   Sense 2: The government.
    *   "The United States is not going to do a deal" -> The government is not going to agree to a deal.

    *   Is it possible it's Sense 1? In common parlance, yes. But in a disambiguation task where "government" is an option, "doing a deal" is a government action.

    *   Let's double-check the synonyms for Sense 2: "United States government, U.S. government, U.S."
    *   The text uses "U.S. special climate envoy" and "the United States".

    *   If I say "The United States is a large country," that's Sense 1.
    *   If I say "The United States signed the treaty," that's Sense 2.
    *   "The United States is not going to do a deal" is similar to signing a treaty.

    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the most precise fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "deal" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a <t>deal</t> without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Senses:
1. definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The United States is not going to do a <t>deal</t> without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action..."
    *   The context discusses climate change talks, emissions cuts, pledges, and negotiations between the US, EU, and China.
    *   The word "deal" refers to the outcome of these negotiations—an agreement on how to cut emissions.

    *   Sense 1: Buying or selling (trade/business deal). (Not quite, this is a diplomatic/political agreement).
    *   Sense 2: An agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each. (Fits perfectly: climate talks, obligations to cut emissions).
    *   Sense 3: A large number or amount. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 4: A plank of softwood. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 5: Wood that is easy to saw. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 6: Cards held in a card game. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 7: Type of treatment received. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 8: Act of distributing playing cards. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 9: Act of apportioning or distributing something. (Incorrect).

    *   The context is about international negotiations for a climate agreement.
    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each." This matches the context of countries negotiating emissions cuts.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "text" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the <t>text</t> did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Senses:
1. definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A report on climate change talks involving the EU, US, and China.
    *   Specific sentence: "...said Stern, who also complained that the <t>text</t> did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers."
    *   Meaning of "text" here: Stern is referring to the written document/draft/agreement being negotiated during the talks.

    *   Sense 1: "the words of something written" (synonyms: textual matter). Example: "printed text of the mayor's speech".
    *   Sense 2: "a passage from the Bible". (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 3: "a book prepared for use in schools or colleges" (textbook). (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 4: "the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.)". (Not applicable - the context isn't distinguishing between text and images/footnotes).

    *   The "text" in the context refers to the wording of the proposed agreement or treaty. This fits Sense 1 ("the words of something written").