[User]
Which numbered sense of "action" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their <t>actions</t>. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International.

Senses:
1. definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
2. definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea
4. definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
5. definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
6. definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
7. definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
8. definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
9. definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
10. definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their <t>actions</t>."
    *   Target word: "actions" (plural of "action").
    *   Surrounding context: Big emitters (countries) are being held accountable for what they have done (emitting greenhouse gases, failing to curb them).

    *   Sense 1: something done (usually as opposed to something said).
    *   Sense 2: the state of being active (activity).
    *   Sense 3: a military engagement.
    *   Sense 4: a process existing in or produced by nature.
    *   Sense 5: the series of events that form a plot.
    *   Sense 6: the trait of being active and energetic and forceful.
    *   Sense 7: the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism.
    *   Sense 8: a judicial proceeding.
    *   Sense 9: an act by a government body or supranational organization.
    *   Sense 10: the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field.

    *   The "big emitters" are countries (government bodies).
    *   The "actions" refer to the things they have done (emitting gases, policies, etc.).
    *   Sense 1 is a general "something done".
    *   Sense 9 is specifically "an act by a government body or supranational organization".

    *   The sentence says "hold the big emitters accountable for their actions".
    *   "Big emitters" refers to countries (like the US and China mentioned earlier in the text).
    *   The "actions" are the policies and behaviors of these nations regarding greenhouse gas emissions.
    *   Sense 9 specifically mentions "an act by a government body".
    *   Sense 1 is "something done (usually as opposed to something said)".

    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 9: "recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action..."
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions".

    *   In the context "hold the big emitters accountable for their actions", the "actions" are the deeds/behaviors of the countries. While Sense 9 fits because they are government bodies, Sense 1 is the more general definition of "things done". However, usually, in these types of NLP tasks (like WordNet-based disambiguation), if there's a specific sense for government acts, it's preferred.

    *   Wait, let's re-read Sense 1: "something done (usually as opposed to something said)".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 9: "an act by a government body or supranational organization".

    *   The "big emitters" are countries. Their "actions" are their emissions and their failure to act. This fits Sense 9 very well.

    *   Let's double-check if "actions" (plural) fits Sense 9. Sense 9 says "an act". Plural would be "acts".
    *   Let's look at the context again: "hold the big emitters accountable for their actions". This is a very common phrase. Does it mean "legal action" (Sense 8)? No. Does it mean "military action" (Sense 3)? No.

    *   Is it Sense 1 or Sense 9?
    *   Sense 1: "something done".
    *   Sense 9: "an act by a government body".

    *   In the context of international relations and climate change, the "actions" of countries are their policies and behaviors. This aligns closely with Sense 9.

    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1. "something done (usually as opposed to something said)". This is very broad.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 9. "an act by a government body".

    *   If the "big emitters" are the actors, and they are countries, Sense 9 is the most specific and accurate.

    *   Wait, let me look at the context again. "the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action." (This "action" also appears earlier). "The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action".

    *   In "taking action" and "bolder action", it refers to government policy/measures. This strongly points to Sense 9.

    *   Therefore, "hold the big emitters accountable for their actions" also refers to those same government-level acts/policies.

    *   Sense 1: General deeds.
    *   Sense 9: Government acts.
    *   The actors are "big emitters" (countries).
    *   The context is international climate policy.
    *   Sense 9 is the most precise fit.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "central_america" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and <t>Central America</t> climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best.

Senses:
1. definition=the isthmus joining North America and South America; extends from the southern border of Mexico to the northern border of Colombia
2. definition=the nations of Central America collectively

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text about climate change negotiations, mentioning the US, China, and a Costa Rican delegate (Ricardo Ulate).
    *   Target phrase: "Central America" (marked as `<t>Central America</t>`).
    *   Specific sentence: "This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and <t>Central America</t> climate change adviser for Conservation International."

    *   Sense 1: "the isthmus joining North America and South America; extends from the southern border of Mexico to the northern border of Colombia" (Geographical/Physical landmass).
    *   Sense 2: "the nations of Central America collectively" (Political/Geopolitical entity).

    *   The phrase is used in the title/role of a person: "regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International."
    *   An adviser typically works with governments, nations, or political regions, not just a physical landmass.
    *   "Mexico and Central America" refers to the group of countries in that region.
    *   Therefore, it refers to the nations collectively rather than the physical isthmus.

    *   Sense 1 is the physical geography.
    *   Sense 2 is the collective group of nations.
    *   In the context of a "regional... adviser," Sense 2 is the correct fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "country" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the <t>countries</t> most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning.

Senses:
1. definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Some of the <t>countries</t> most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen..."
    *   Target word: "countries"

    *   Sense 1: A politically organized body of people under a single government (state, nation).
    *   Sense 2: The territory occupied by a nation (land).
    *   Sense 3: The people who live in a nation or country (nation, land).
    *   Sense 4: An area outside of cities and towns (rural area).
    *   Sense 5: A particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (area).

    *   The sentence says "Some of the countries... indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty".
    *   "Countries" here refers to the political entities (governments/states) that are negotiating a treaty.
    *   It's not referring to the physical land (Sense 2), the people (Sense 3), the rural area (Sense 4), or a vague geographical region (Sense 5).
    *   It refers to the political organization/state.

    *   Sense 1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" fits perfectly. These "countries" are acting as political entities in a diplomatic negotiation.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "impact" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the <t>impact</t> of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning.

Senses:
1. definition=the striking of one body against another
2. definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | synonyms=wallop | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking; the book packs a wallop
3. definition=influencing strongly | synonyms=impingement, encroachment | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture
4. definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | synonyms=shock | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Some of the countries most vulnerable to the <t>impact</t> of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen..."
    *   Target word: "impact"

    *   Sense 1: "the striking of one body against another" (Physical collision).
    *   Sense 2: "a forceful consequence; a strong effect" (Effect/consequence).
    *   Sense 3: "influencing strongly" (Impingement/encroachment).
    *   Sense 4: "the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat" (Shock of battle).

    *   The phrase is "impact of climate change".
    *   Climate change doesn't physically "strike" a country like a billiard ball (Sense 1).
    *   Climate change doesn't involve armies entering combat (Sense 4).
    *   While it "influences" (Sense 3), the context "vulnerable to the impact" strongly suggests the *consequences* or *effects* (e.g., sea-level rise, extreme weather) that these countries suffer.
    *   Sense 2 ("a forceful consequence; a strong effect") fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct match.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "participant" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major <t>participants</t> say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning.

Senses:
1. definition=someone who takes part in an activity
2. definition=a person who participates in or is skilled at some game | synonyms=player

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text about climate change negotiations (Copenhagen), involving various countries (USA, China, Costa Rica, etc.) and their representatives.
    *   Target word: "participants" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Sentence: "...although most of the major <t>participants</t> say the talks will produce a political deal at best."

    *   Sense 1: "someone who takes part in an activity"
    *   Sense 2: "a person who participates in or is skilled at some game | synonyms=player"

    *   The "participants" in the sentence are the countries/delegates involved in the "talks" (climate change negotiations).
    *   Negotiations/talks are an "activity."
    *   While the text mentions a "game where a new economic hegemony is being developed" earlier, the word "participants" specifically refers to the entities involved in the *talks* (the diplomatic process).
    *   Sense 1 is a general term for taking part in an activity.
    *   Sense 2 is specifically about games or players. While "game" was used metaphorically earlier, the "participants" are the countries in the diplomatic talks.

    *   Does "participants" here mean "players in a game" or "people/entities taking part in an activity"?
    *   The "talks" are the activity. The countries are the participants.
    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly. Sense 2 is too specific to games/sports.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "deal" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political <t>deal</t> at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning.

Senses:
1. definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political <t>deal</t> at best."
    *   Target word: "deal"
    *   Surrounding context: "talks will produce a political deal", "legally binding treaty", "major participants", "Copenhagen" (referring to climate change negotiations).

    *   Sense 1: Buying or selling (trade/business deal).
    *   Sense 2: An agreement between parties fixing obligations (bargain).
    *   Sense 3: A large number or amount (batch/great deal).
    *   Sense 4: A plank of softwood.
    *   Sense 5: Wood easy to saw (softwood).
    *   Sense 6: Cards held in a card game (hand).
    *   Sense 7: Type of treatment received.
    *   Sense 8: Act of distributing playing cards.
    *   Sense 9: Act of apportioning or distributing something.

    *   The context describes international climate negotiations ("talks", "treaty", "major participants").
    *   A "political deal" in this context refers to an agreement reached between countries regarding their obligations to curb greenhouse gases.
    *   This matches Sense 2: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each".

    *   Sense 1 is specifically about buying/selling. While a political deal can involve money, the primary meaning here is a diplomatic agreement.
    *   Sense 7 is about the *quality* of treatment (e.g., "got a good deal"). Not applicable here.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "member" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 <t>members</t>, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India.

Senses:
1. definition=one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | synonyms=fellow member | examples=only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty
2. definition=anything that belongs to a set or class | examples=snakes are members of the class Reptilia; members of the opposite sex
3. definition=an external body part that projects from the body | synonyms=extremity, appendage | examples=it is important to keep the extremities warm
4. definition=an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations) | examples=the library was a member of the interlibrary loan association; Canada is a member of the United Nations
5. definition=the male organ of copulation (`member' is a euphemism) | synonyms=penis, phallus

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 <t>members</t>, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning."
    *   Target word: "members"
    *   Contextual clues: "The Alliance of Small Island States" is an organization/group consisting of states (countries).

    *   Sense 1: "one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)" -> Refers to people.
    *   Sense 2: "anything that belongs to a set or class" -> General classification.
    *   Sense 3: "an external body part that projects from the body" -> Anatomy.
    *   Sense 4: "an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations)" -> Refers to organizations or states.
    *   Sense 5: "the male organ of copulation" -> Anatomy.

    *   The "Alliance of Small Island States" is a group of nations.
    *   The "members" in this context are the states/countries that belong to this alliance.
    *   Sense 4 specifically mentions "a state that belongs to a group of nations".

    *   Sense 4 is the perfect fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "draft" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page <t>draft</t> treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India.

Senses:
1. definition=a document ordering the payment of money; drawn by one person or bank on another | synonyms=bill of exchange, order of payment
2. definition=a current of air (usually coming into a chimney or room or vehicle) | synonyms=draught
3. definition=a preliminary sketch of a design or picture | synonyms=rough drawing
4. definition=a serving of drink (usually alcoholic) drawn from a keg | synonyms=draught, potation, tipple | examples=they served beer on draft
5. definition=any of the various versions in the development of a written work | synonyms=draft copy | examples=a preliminary draft; the final draft of the constitution
6. definition=the depth of a vessel's keel below the surface (especially when loaded) | synonyms=draught
7. definition=a regulator for controlling the flow of air in a fireplace
8. definition=a dose of liquid medicine | synonyms=draught | examples=he took a sleeping draft
9. definition=compulsory military service | synonyms=conscription, muster, selective service
10. definition=a large and hurried swallow | synonyms=gulp, draught, swig | examples=he finished it at a single gulp
11. definition=the act of moving a load by drawing or pulling | synonyms=draught, drawing

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page <t>draft</t> treaty proposal early Friday morning."
    *   Target word: "draft"
    *   Contextual clues: "24-page", "treaty proposal", "produced".

    *   Sense 1: Payment of money (bill of exchange). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Current of air. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Preliminary sketch of a design or picture. (Incorrect - this is for visual art/design)
    *   Sense 4: Serving of drink from a keg. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Various versions in the development of a written work (preliminary draft). (Correct - a treaty proposal is a written work)
    *   Sense 6: Depth of a vessel's keel. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Regulator for air in a fireplace. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: Dose of liquid medicine. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 9: Compulsory military service. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 10: Large swallow of liquid. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 11: Act of moving a load by pulling. (Incorrect)

    *   The word "draft" describes a "treaty proposal". A treaty proposal is a written document. A "draft" in this context refers to a preliminary version of that document. This matches Sense 5 perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "proposal" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty <t>proposal</t> early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India.

Senses:
1. definition=something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)
2. definition=an offer of marriage | synonyms=marriage proposal, proposal of marriage, marriage offer
3. definition=the act of making a proposal | synonyms=proposition | examples=they listened to her proposal

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty <t>proposal</t> early Friday morning."
    *   Target word: "proposal"
    *   Senses:
        1.  something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)
        2.  an offer of marriage
        3.  the act of making a proposal

    *   The context mentions a "24-page draft treaty proposal".
    *   A "draft treaty proposal" is a document containing a plan or a set of terms being proposed for a treaty.
    *   It is a *thing* (a document/plan) that has been proposed.

    *   Sense 1: "something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)". This fits perfectly. A draft treaty is a plan/document being proposed.
    *   Sense 2: "an offer of marriage". This does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: "the act of making a proposal". The text says they "produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal". They didn't just perform the *act* of proposing; they produced the *document* (the thing proposed).

    *   The word "proposal" refers to the draft treaty itself (the plan), which aligns with Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "morning" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday <t>morning</t>. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India.

Senses:
1. definition=the time period between dawn and noon | synonyms=morn, morning time, forenoon | examples=I spent the morning running errands
2. definition=a conventional expression of greeting or farewell | synonyms=good morning
3. definition=the first light of day | synonyms=dawn, dawning, aurora, first light, daybreak, break of day | examples=we got up before dawn; they talked until morning
4. definition=the earliest period | synonyms=dawn | examples=the dawn of civilization; the morning of the world

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday <t>morning</t>."
    *   Target word: "morning"

    *   Sense 1: The time period between dawn and noon (e.g., "I spent the morning running errands").
    *   Sense 2: A conventional expression of greeting or farewell (e.g., "good morning").
    *   Sense 3: The first light of day (e.g., "they talked until morning").
    *   Sense 4: The earliest period (e.g., "the dawn of civilization").

    *   The phrase is "early Friday morning".
    *   This refers to the specific time of day on Friday when the proposal was produced.
    *   It fits the description of the time period between dawn and noon (Sense 1).
    *   It is not a greeting (Sense 2).
    *   It is not referring specifically to the *moment* of first light (Sense 3), but rather the general time period of the morning.
    *   It is not referring to the earliest period of history/existence (Sense 4).

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "climate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international <t>climate</t> negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Senses:
1. definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter
2. definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text about international negotiations regarding greenhouse gases, climate change, and a treaty in Copenhagen.
    *   Target word: "climate" in the phrase "international <t>climate</t> negotiations".
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Weather averaged over a long period (clime).
        2.  Prevailing psychological state (mood).

    *   The text discusses "saving the planet", "curbing greenhouse gases", "climate change", and "international climate negotiations".
    *   "Climate negotiations" refers to discussions about the Earth's climate (global warming, weather patterns over time).

    *   Sense 1: "the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time". This fits the context of "climate change" and "greenhouse gases".
    *   Sense 2: "the prevailing psychological state". This does not fit the context of environmental negotiations.

    *   The word "climate" in "climate negotiations" refers to the environmental climate (Sense 1).


[User]
Which numbered sense of "negotiation" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate <t>negotiations</t> on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Senses:
1. definition=a discussion intended to produce an agreement | synonyms=dialogue, talks | examples=the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue
2. definition=the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text about international climate change talks involving various countries (China, US, Costa Rica, EU, etc.) aiming for a treaty or deal.
    *   Target word: "negotiations" (marked as `<t>negotiations</t>`).
    *   Specific phrase: "...Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate <t>negotiations</t> on behalf of the European Commission..."

    *   Sense 1: "a discussion intended to produce an agreement" (Synonyms: dialogue, talks). This refers to the *event* or the *process of discussing*.
    *   Sense 2: "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms". This refers to the *field*, the *profession*, or the *general activity* of negotiating.

    *   The phrase is "heads international climate negotiations".
    *   Runge-Metzger is in a leadership role ("heads").
    *   He isn't just heading a single discussion (though he might be), but rather the overall *activity* or *business* of negotiating climate agreements for the European Commission.
    *   Compare: "He is leading the negotiation" (Sense 1 - a specific discussion) vs "He heads the negotiations" (often used for the general function/department/activity).
    *   Wait, let's look closer. "International climate negotiations" often refers to the ongoing series of talks (the process/activity).
    *   Sense 1: "a discussion" (singular/specific instance).
    *   Sense 2: "the activity or business of negotiating".

    *   If I say "He heads the negotiations," am I referring to a specific meeting (Sense 1) or the general professional activity/function (Sense 2)?
    *   In the context of a job title or a role ("who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission"), it describes his area of responsibility—the *activity* or *business* of negotiating.

    *   Sense 1: "the buyout negotiation lasted several days" (Specific event).
    *   Sense 2: "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement".

    *   "International climate negotiations" in this context refers to the ongoing diplomatic effort/process.
    *   Is it a "discussion" (Sense 1) or the "activity/business" (Sense 2)?
    *   Usually, when someone "heads" something as a professional role, it's the activity/business.

    *   Let's re-read: "Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission..."
    *   This sounds like a job description. He is the head of the *activity* of negotiating.

    *   Wait, let me check if "negotiations" (plural) usually maps to Sense 1 or 2.
    *   Sense 1: "a discussion" (singular). But "talks" (plural) is a synonym.
    *   Sense 2: "the activity or business of negotiating".

    *   If the text said "The negotiations in Copenhagen failed," that would be Sense 1 (the specific talks).
    *   If the text says "He heads international climate negotiations," it refers to the ongoing professional activity.

    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: "dialogue, talks".
    *   The text says "the talks will produce a political deal" and "The talks took on new urgency". These are clearly Sense 1.
    *   Runge-Metzger heads the "negotiations". Is this the same as heading the "talks"? Yes.
    *   But is "heading the talks" the same as "the activity or business of negotiating"?

    *   Let's compare:
        A: "He is leading the negotiations for the new contract." (Sense 1 - specific event)
        B: "He is an expert in international negotiations." (Sense 2 - activity/field)

    *   In the context: "who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission". This sounds more like a professional role/function (Sense 2).

    *   However, in many datasets (like WordNet), "negotiations" (plural) often refers to the process/discussions (Sense 1).

    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms".
    *   If he "heads" it, he is in charge of that business/activity.

    *   Let's look at the context again. The whole passage is about the Copenhagen talks. He is the person in charge of the EU's part in these negotiations.

    *   If I say "He heads the negotiations," I could mean he's the lead negotiator for the current set of talks (Sense 1) or he's the head of the department that handles negotiations (Sense 2).

    *   Given the phrasing "heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission," it sounds like a title/role. "Head of International Climate Negotiations." This points strongly to Sense 2 (the activity/business).

    *   Let's double-check Sense 1: "a discussion intended to produce an agreement".
    *   If it were Sense 1, it would be "He heads the [current] negotiations". But it says "international climate negotiations" (general).

    *   Sense 1: Specific instance/event (a discussion).
    *   Sense 2: General activity/profession (the business of negotiating).
    *   "Heads international climate negotiations" -> This is his job. His job is the activity of negotiating.

    *   Wait, let me search for this specific sentence online to see if it's from a known dataset (like WordNet or a benchmark). It looks like a news snippet.
    *   Actually, looking at the senses again:
        1. a discussion intended to produce an agreement.
        2. the activity or business of negotiating an agreement.

    *   If he "heads" it, he is the leader of the *process* or the *department*.
    *   "International climate negotiations" as a whole is the *activity*.

    *   Let's try to substitute:
        1. "...who heads international climate [discussions]..."
        2. "...who heads international climate [the activity of negotiating]..."

    *   Actually, "heads the negotiations" is very common for Sense 1 (the lead person in a specific set of talks). But "international climate negotiations" (without "the") often refers to the general field/activity.

    *   Let's re-read: "Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission..."
    *   If it were "the negotiations," it would be Sense 1. Without "the," it's more likely the general activity (Sense 2).

    *   Let's check the synonyms for Sense 1 again: "dialogue, talks".
    *   The text uses "the talks" multiple times. "the talks will produce a political deal", "The talks took on new urgency".
    *   Runge-Metzger heads the "negotiations". It is highly likely that "negotiations" here is used synonymously with "talks".

    *   If "negotiations" = "talks", then it's Sense 1.
    *   Sense 1: "a discussion intended to produce an agreement | synonyms=dialogue, talks".

    *   Let's re-evaluate: "heads international climate negotiations".
    *   Is "international climate negotiations" a "discussion" (Sense 1) or "the activity of negotiating" (Sense 2)?
    *   It's a collective term for the ongoing series of discussions.

    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms".
    *   This is more abstract.

    *   In the context of "He heads [X]", X is usually a department, a team, or a process.
    *   If X is "international climate negotiations", it's the process/activity.

    *   Let's compare:
        "He is in negotiations with the company." (Sense 1 - specific discussion)
        "He is skilled in negotiations." (Sense 2 - activity/business)
        "He heads the negotiations." (Could be either, but often Sense 1).
        "He heads international climate negotiations." (Sounds like a professional role, Sense 2).

    *   Wait, let me look at the provided senses again.
        1. a discussion intended to produce an agreement.
        2. the activity or business of negotiating an agreement.

    *   If I say "He heads the negotiations," I am saying he is the leader of the *discussions*.
    *   If I say "He heads international climate negotiations," I am saying he is the leader of the *activity* of negotiating climate issues.

    *   Let's think about the most natural fit. "International climate negotiations" is a broad term. It's not just one "discussion" (Sense 1). It's the whole *business* of it.

    *   Let's try Sense 1 again. "He heads [the talks]". That fits perfectly.
    *   Let's try Sense 2 again. "He heads [the activity of negotiating]". That also fits.

    *   Which one is *more* correct?
    *   Sense 1 is a specific instance.
    *   Sense 2 is the general activity.
    *   "International climate negotiations" (plural, no article) usually refers to the general activity/process.

    *   Let's look at the context again. The text is about the Copenhagen summit. Runge-Metzger is the EU's lead for these negotiations.
    *   In this specific context, "negotiations" refers to the ongoing process of trying to reach a climate agreement.

    *   Let's search for "heads negotiations".
    *   "He heads the negotiations for the treaty." (Sense 1)
    *   "He heads the negotiations on behalf of the government." (Sense 1)

    *   Wait, the synonym for Sense 1 is "talks". The text uses "the talks" repeatedly.
    *   "the talks will produce a political deal"
    *   "The talks took on new urgency"
    *   "Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations..."
    *   It is almost certain that "negotiations" is being used as a synonym for "talks" here.

    *   If "negotiations" = "talks", and "talks" is a synonym for Sense 1, then the answer is 1.

    *   Let's double-check Sense 2 one more time. "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement".
    *   Could "international climate negotiations" be "the activity or business of negotiating"? Yes.
    *   But in the context of a person "heading" them, it usually refers to the actual discussions/talks.

    *   Let's re-read: "Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has 'put political pressure on the entire political process'..."
    *   He is speaking as the lead negotiator. The "negotiations" he heads are the "talks" mentioned throughout the text.

    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the most likely.

    *   Sense 1: a discussion intended to produce an agreement. (Synonym: talks).
    *   Sense 2: the activity or business of negotiating an agreement.
    *   Context: "...heads international climate negotiations..."
    *   The text uses "the talks" in the preceding and following sentences.
    *   "the talks will produce a political deal"
    *   "The talks took on new urgency"
    *   This strongly links "negotiations" to "talks".
    *   "Talks" is explicitly listed as a synonym for Sense 1.

    *   Wait, let me think about "heads international climate negotiations" again. If it were "the negotiations," it would be a specific set of talks. Without "the," it's more general. Does that push it toward Sense 2?
    *   "He heads international climate negotiations" vs "He heads the international climate negotiations."
    *   Actually, in professional titles, the article is often omitted. "He heads [the] international climate negotiations."

    *   Let's compare:
        "He heads diplomatic negotiations." (General activity - Sense 2)
        "He heads the negotiations in Geneva." (Specific discussion - Sense 1)

    *   "International climate negotiations" is quite broad. It's not just one discussion; it's a whole field of activity.

    *   Let's look at the senses again.
        1. a discussion intended to produce an agreement.
        2. the activity or business of negotiating an agreement.

    *   If the word is "negotiations" (plural), Sense 1's "a discussion" (singular) might be a bit off, but the synonym "talks" (plural) fits perfectly.

    *   Let's consider Sense 2 again. "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement".
    *   If he "heads" the activity/business, he's the boss of that function.

    *   Let's search for "heads negotiations" in a corpus.
    *   "He heads the negotiations" -> usually refers to the lead negotiator of a specific process.
    *   "He heads negotiations" -> can be more general.

    *   However, the proximity to "the talks" (used twice) is a very strong clue.

    *   Let's try to see if "negotiations" in "international climate negotiations" is more like "the business of negotiating" or "the talks".
    *   In the phrase "international climate negotiations," it refers to the ongoing process of diplomatic talks.

    *   Let's look at the synonyms again.
        Sense 1: dialogue, talks.
        Sense 2: (no synonyms provided).

    *   The text: "...most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal... Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations... The talks took on new urgency..."
    *   The word "talks" is used as a direct substitute for "negotiations" in this context.

    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the most appropriate.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "behalf" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on <t>behalf</t> of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Senses:
1. definition=as the agent of or on someone's part (usually expressed as  rather than ) | examples=on behalf of; in behalf of
2. definition=for someone's benefit (usually expressed as `in behalf' rather than `on behalf' and usually with a possessive) | examples=in your behalf; campaigning in his own behalf

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on <t>behalf</t> of the European Commission..."
    *   Target word: "behalf"
    *   Senses:
        1.  as the agent of or on someone's part (usually "on behalf of")
        2.  for someone's benefit (usually "in behalf of")

    *   The phrase is "on behalf of the European Commission".
    *   Artur Runge-Metzger is acting as the representative or agent for the European Commission in climate negotiations.
    *   He is not necessarily acting for the "benefit" of the Commission in the sense of a charitable or supportive act (Sense 2), but rather as their official representative/agent (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: "as the agent of or on someone's part" -> Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "for someone's benefit" -> Less fitting; he's an employee/official representing the organization.

    *   The phrase "on behalf of" is explicitly mentioned in Sense 1.
    *   The phrase "in behalf of" is explicitly mentioned in Sense 2.
    *   The text uses "on behalf of".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "pressure" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political <t>pressure</t> on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Senses:
1. definition=the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit) | synonyms=pressure level, force per unit area | examples=the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure
2. definition=a force that compels | examples=the public brought pressure to bear on the government
3. definition=the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure | synonyms=press, pressing | examples=he gave the button a press; he used pressure to stop the bleeding
4. definition=the state of demanding notice or attention | synonyms=imperativeness, insistence, insistency, press | examples=the insistence of their hunger; the press of business matters
5. definition=the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin | synonyms=pressure sensation | examples=the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal
6. definition=an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
7. definition=the pressure exerted by the atmosphere | synonyms=atmospheric pressure, air pressure

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the push by small island nations has 'put political <t>pressure</t> on the entire political process,' in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India."
    *   Target word: "pressure"
    *   Contextual clues: "push by small island nations", "political pressure", "demanding action".

    *   Sense 1: Physical force per unit area (physics). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: A force that compels (e.g., public pressure on government). (Matches well: political pressure to compel action).
    *   Sense 3: The act of pressing (physical action). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: State of demanding notice/attention (insistence). (Close, but Sense 2 is more about the *compelling force* exerted on others).
    *   Sense 5: Somatic sensation (touch). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Oppressive condition of distress. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Atmospheric pressure. (Incorrect)

    *   The phrase "put political pressure on the entire political process" describes an attempt to compel or force a specific outcome or action from others.
    *   Sense 2: "a force that compels | examples=the public brought pressure to bear on the government". This is a near-perfect match for "put political pressure on the entire political process".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "process" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political <t>process</t>," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Senses:
1. definition=a particular course of action intended to achieve a result | synonyms=procedure | examples=the procedure of obtaining a driver's license; it was a process of trial and error
2. definition=(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents | synonyms=cognitive process, mental process, operation, cognitive operation | examples=the process of thinking; the cognitive operation of remembering
3. definition=a writ issued by authority of law; usually compels the defendant's attendance in a civil suit; failure to appear results in a default judgment against the defendant | synonyms=summons
4. definition=a mental process that you are not directly aware of | synonyms=unconscious process | examples=the process of denial
5. definition=a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant | synonyms=outgrowth, appendage | examples=a bony process
6. definition=a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states | synonyms=physical process | examples=events now in process; the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the push by small island nations has 'put political pressure on the entire political <t>process</t>,' in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India."
    *   Target word: "process" (specifically "political process").

    *   Sense 1: "a particular course of action intended to achieve a result" (synonym: procedure). Examples: obtaining a driver's license, trial and error.
    *   Sense 2: "(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity" (synonym: cognitive process). Example: thinking.
    *   Sense 3: "a writ issued by authority of law" (synonym: summons).
    *   Sense 4: "a mental process that you are not directly aware of" (synonym: unconscious process). Example: denial.
    *   Sense 5: "a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism" (synonym: outgrowth). Example: bony process.
    *   Sense 6: "a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states" (synonym: physical process). Example: calcification.

    *   The phrase is "political process."
    *   In this context, it refers to the series of actions, negotiations, and procedures involved in international climate negotiations (the "talks," "treaty proposal," "political deal").
    *   It describes the way things are done to reach a political agreement.
    *   This aligns best with Sense 1: "a particular course of action intended to achieve a result" (procedure).

    *   Sense 2, 4: Mental/Psychological (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 3: Legal writ (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 5: Biological outgrowth (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 6: Natural/Physical phenomenon (Incorrect).

    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly. The "political process" is the procedure/course of action used to achieve the result of a climate treaty.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "action" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding <t>action</t> from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Senses:
1. definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
2. definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea
4. definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
5. definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
6. definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
7. definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
8. definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
9. definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
10. definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...demanding <t>action</t> from emerging economies such as China and India."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses climate change negotiations, treaties, obligations of countries (China, US, emerging economies), and the need for "bolder action" to save the planet.
    *   Target word: "action"

    *   Sense 1: something done (usually as opposed to something said).
    *   Sense 2: the state of being active (activity).
    *   Sense 3: a military engagement.
    *   Sense 4: a process produced by nature.
    *   Sense 5: series of events forming a plot.
    *   Sense 6: trait of being active/energetic.
    *   Sense 7: operating part of a mechanism.
    *   Sense 8: judicial proceeding.
    *   Sense 9: an act by a government body or supranational organization.
    *   Sense 10: most important/interesting work in a field.

    *   The context is about international diplomacy and climate change.
    *   "demanding action from emerging economies" means they want these governments to take specific steps or implement policies to reduce greenhouse gases.
    *   This fits perfectly with Sense 9: "an act by a government body or supranational organization."
    *   Example for Sense 9: "the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues." (Very similar to the context of international climate negotiations).

    *   Sense 1 is general ("something done"). While technically true, Sense 9 is more specific to government/organizational acts.
    *   Sense 2 is about the state of being active.
    *   Sense 3 is military.
    *   Sense 4 is natural.
    *   Sense 5 is literary.
    *   Sense 6 is a personality trait.
    *   Sense 7 is mechanical.
    *   Sense 8 is legal/court.
    *   Sense 10 is about where the "excitement" or "activity" is.

    *   The context is about governments (emerging economies like China and India) being asked to do something. This is a government act. Sense 9 is the best fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "china" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as <t>China</t> and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Senses:
1. definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text about climate change negotiations, mentioning "China and United States feuding," "emerging economies such as China and India," and "major powers."
    *   Target word: `<t>China</t>`
    *   Senses:
        1.  Communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC).
        2.  High quality porcelain (material).
        3.  Government on the island of Taiwan (ROC).
        4.  Dishware made of porcelain.

    *   The text discusses international relations, economies, climate change, and "emerging economies such as China and India."
    *   It refers to "China and United States feuding over their respective obligations."
    *   This clearly refers to the country/nation, specifically the People's Republic of China (the major global power).

    *   Sense 1: Communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC). -> Matches.
    *   Sense 2: Porcelain material. -> Does not match.
    *   Sense 3: Government on Taiwan (ROC). -> While technically a "China," in the context of "emerging economies" and "major powers" feuding with the US over climate change, it refers to the PRC.
    *   Sense 4: Dishware. -> Does not match.

Sense 1 is the correct one.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "urgency" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new <t>urgency</t> as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Senses:
1. definition=the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity
2. definition=pressing importance requiring speedy action | examples=the urgency of his need
3. definition=an urgent situation calling for prompt action | examples=I'll be there, barring any urgencies; they departed hurriedly because of some great urgency in their affairs
4. definition=insistent solicitation and entreaty | synonyms=importunity, urging | examples=his importunity left me no alternative but to agree

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The talks took on new <t>urgency</t> as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal."
    *   Target word: "urgency"

    *   Sense 1: "the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity"
    *   Sense 2: "pressing importance requiring speedy action" (Example: "the urgency of his need")
    *   Sense 3: "an urgent situation calling for prompt action" (Example: "barring any urgencies")
    *   Sense 4: "insistent solicitation and entreaty" (Synonyms: importunity, urging)

    *   The sentence says the talks "took on new urgency" because delegates "must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive."
    *   This implies a feeling of pressing importance and a need for speedy action due to a deadline (the arrival of the heads of government).

    *   Sense 1 is very general ("the state of being urgent").
    *   Sense 2 focuses on "pressing importance requiring speedy action." This fits perfectly. The talks became more pressing because of the deadline.
    *   Sense 3 refers to a specific "urgent situation" (a noun referring to an event/emergency). "The talks took on new urgency" doesn't mean the talks became a specific emergency event, but rather that the *nature* of the talks became more pressing.
    *   Sense 4 refers to "insistent solicitation" (begging/urging someone). This doesn't fit the context of the overall atmosphere of the talks.

    *   "The talks took on new urgency" $\approx$ "The talks became more pressing/important to resolve quickly."
    *   This aligns best with Sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "fact" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the <t>fact</t> that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Senses:
1. definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case
2. definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts
3. definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact; how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell
4. definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...delegates focused on the <t>fact</t> that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal."
    *   Target word: "fact"

    *   Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred" (e.g., "collect all the facts of the case").
    *   Sense 2: "a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened" (e.g., "supported his argument with an impressive array of facts").
    *   Sense 3: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed" (e.g., "basis in fact", "fact and fiction").
    *   Sense 4: "a concept whose truth can be proved" (e.g., "scientific hypotheses are not facts").

    *   The phrase is "the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive".
    *   Here, "fact" refers to a specific piece of information or a reality of the situation (the deadline/necessity of resolving issues).
    *   It's not a "statement or assertion" (Sense 2) in the sense of a piece of evidence used in an argument.
    *   It's not an "event known to have happened" (Sense 3) in the sense of historical truth vs. fiction.
    *   It's not a "concept whose truth can be proved" (Sense 4) in a scientific or philosophical sense.
    *   It fits best with Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist". The circumstance is that they must resolve issues before the heads of government arrive.

    *   Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist" -> "the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues..." (This is a circumstance that exists).
    *   Sense 2: "a statement or assertion" -> The text isn't talking about the *statement* itself, but the *reality* it describes.
    *   Sense 3: "an event known to have happened" -> The resolution of issues hasn't happened yet; it's a requirement/circumstance.
    *   Sense 4: "a concept whose truth can be proved" -> Too abstract.

    Sense 1 is the most accurate description of "fact" when used as "the fact that [clause]".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "issue" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding <t>issues</t> before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Senses:
1. definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues
2. definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
3. definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
4. definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
5. definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
6. definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
7. definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
8. definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
9. definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
11. definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding <t>issues</t> before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal."
    *   Target word: "issues"

    *   Sense 1: An important question that is in dispute and must be settled. (Example: "the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone")
    *   Sense 2: One of a series published periodically. (Example: "old issue of the magazine")
    *   Sense 3: Some situation or event that is thought about (topic, subject, matter). (Example: "drifting off the topic")
    *   Sense 4: The act of providing an item for general use. (Example: "new issue of stamps")
    *   Sense 5: Supplies issued by the government. (Example: "military issue")
    *   Sense 6: Income or profit. (Example: "average return was about 5%")
    *   Sense 7: A phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon (consequence, effect). (Example: "his decision had depressing consequences")
    *   Sense 8: Immediate descendants. (Example: "died without issue")
    *   Sense 9: The becoming visible (emergence). (Example: "emergence of the andrenas")
    *   Sense 10: An opening that permits escape or release (exit). (Example: "the canyon had only one issue")
    *   Sense 11: The act of issuing printed materials (publication).

    *   The context describes international climate negotiations.
    *   Delegates are trying to "resolve most of the outstanding issues" before a deal is struck.
    *   "Resolve" and "outstanding" strongly suggest that these "issues" are points of disagreement or questions that need to be settled to reach an agreement.

    *   Sense 1: "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled" - This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 3: "some situation or event that is thought about (topic, subject, matter)" - While similar, "resolve" and "outstanding" point more specifically to a dispute or a question needing settlement (Sense 1) than just a general topic (Sense 3).

    *   The phrase "resolve outstanding issues" is a common collocation meaning to settle disputed points. This aligns exactly with Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "deal" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a <t>deal</t>. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Senses:
1. definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a <t>deal</t>."
    *   Target word: "deal"
    *   Surrounding words: "strike a deal", "resolve most of the outstanding issues", "heads of government arrive".

    *   Sense 1: Buying or selling (trade, business deal).
    *   Sense 2: An agreement between parties (usually after discussion) fixing obligations.
    *   Sense 3: A large number or amount (a great deal).
    *   Sense 4: A plank of softwood.
    *   Sense 5: Wood easy to saw.
    *   Sense 6: Cards held in a card game.
    *   Sense 7: Type of treatment received.
    *   Sense 8: Act of distributing playing cards.
    *   Sense 9: Act of apportioning or distributing something.

    *   The context describes international climate negotiations ("Copenhagen", "legally binding treaty", "political deal", "resolve most of the outstanding issues").
    *   "Strike a deal" in this context means to reach an agreement between the governments involved.
    *   This matches Sense 2: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each".

    *   Sense 1 is specifically about buying/selling (trade). While a political agreement can be a "deal", Sense 2 is a broader and more accurate fit for a diplomatic treaty/agreement.
    *   Sense 7 is about the *quality* of treatment (e.g., "got a good deal").
    *   Senses 3-6, 8-9 are completely irrelevant.