[User]
Which numbered sense of "generosity" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of <t>generosity</t>, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Senses:
1. definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time | synonyms=generousness
2. definition=acting generously | synonyms=unselfishness

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing political views (Left vs. Right) on immigration in France. It mentions that both sides see immigrants as a burden, but they differ in the "degree of generosity" they grant to immigrants.
    *   Target word: "generosity" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  the trait of being willing to give your money or time (generousness).
        2.  acting generously (unselfishness).

    *   "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   The context is about political stances on how much support, acceptance, or "room" (metaphorically or literally) is given to immigrants.
    *   It's not specifically about giving money or time (Sense 1), although that could be a part of it. It's more about the general attitude or act of being generous/lenient/accommodating in a broader sense.

    *   Sense 1: "the trait of being willing to give your money or time". This is a very specific definition of generosity (philanthropy/charity).
    *   Sense 2: "acting generously". This is a broader definition, encompassing the act or quality of being generous in a general sense (unselfishness, leniency, kindness).

    *   The text says "the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   Is it about the *trait* of giving money/time, or the *act/quality* of being generous/lenient?
    *   In the context of political policy and "granting" something to a group of people (immigrants), it refers to the extent to which they are willing to be accommodating or lenient.
    *   Comparing the two: Sense 1 is very narrow (money/time). Sense 2 is broader (acting generously/unselfishness).
    *   Actually, looking closer at the senses provided:
        1. trait of being willing to give money or time.
        2. acting generously.
    *   Wait, "acting generously" is almost a tautology. Let's look at the synonyms.
        1. generousness.
        2. unselfishness.
    *   In the context of "the degree of generosity... which one deigns to grant", it refers to the quality or amount of generosity shown.
    *   Is it "unselfishness" (Sense 2) or "willingness to give money/time" (Sense 1)?
    *   The passage discusses immigrants as a "burden on the French economy". The "generosity" here refers to how much of that burden the state/society is willing to bear or how much they are willing to give/allow.
    *   Usually, in these types of NLP tasks (like WordNet-based sense disambiguation), Sense 1 often refers to the general quality of being generous, and Sense 2 might be more specific, or vice versa.
    *   Let's re-read:
        Sense 1: "the trait of being willing to give your money or time"
        Sense 2: "acting generously"
    *   This is a very subtle distinction. "The trait of being willing to give" vs "acting generously".
    *   "The degree of generosity" usually refers to the *trait* or the *amount* of the quality.
    *   However, "granting generosity" suggests the act of being generous.
    *   Let's look at the context again. "The only difference, the degree of generosity... The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   If I have to choose between "willingness to give money/time" and "unselfishness/acting generously", the latter feels more appropriate for a political stance on immigration (which involves rights, residency, and social acceptance, not just writing a check).

    *   Sense 1: Money/Time.
    *   Sense 2: Unselfishness/Acting generously.
    *   The context is about political tolerance and the extent of support/acceptance for immigrants. This aligns better with a general sense of unselfishness or acting generously than specifically giving money or time.

    *Self-Correction:* Let me double-check if "generosity" in this context could be Sense 1. Political programs often involve financial aid or social services (money). But the text mentions "accommodate all the world's misery" and "burden on the French economy". The "generosity" is the willingness to accept/help despite the burden. This is more about the spirit of unselfishness (Sense 2) than just the act of giving money.

    *Wait*, let's look at the senses again.
    1. the trait of being willing to give your money or time.
    2. acting generously.
    Actually, "acting generously" is the *act*, while "the trait of being willing" is the *quality*. "The degree of generosity" refers to the quality/trait.
    But Sense 1 limits it to "money or time".
    Sense 2 is "acting generously" (synonym: unselfishness).

    If the choice is between "money/time" and "unselfishness", "unselfishness" is a better fit for the general political attitude described.

    Let's re-evaluate.
    "The only difference, the degree of generosity"
    "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    This sounds like the *amount* of generosity (the quality).
    If Sense 1 is "the trait of being willing to give your money or time", and Sense 2 is "acting generously", Sense 2 is a bit weirdly phrased as a definition for a noun ("generosity" = "acting generously"). Usually, the noun is "the act of acting generously".

    Let's look at the synonyms again.
    1. generousness
    2. unselfishness

    "The degree of unselfishness" vs "The degree of generousness".
    In the context of immigration policy, it's about how much the country is willing to give up or provide for others. This is unselfishness.

    Let's try to see if Sense 1 fits better. Is it specifically about money and time? The text mentions "burden on the French economy". This implies financial cost. So "willing to give money" (Sense 1) could be it.

    However, "generosity" in a political context regarding immigrants usually encompasses more than just money—it's about legal status, rights, and social acceptance.

    Let's compare:
    Sense 1: trait of being willing to give money or time.
    Sense 2: acting generously / unselfishness.

    If I say "the degree of generosity", I am talking about the quality. Sense 1 defines the trait. Sense 2 defines the act.
    But Sense 1 is very restrictive ("money or time").
    Sense 2 is broader ("unselfishness").

    In most datasets of this type (like SemCor or similar), "generosity" as a general quality of being kind/unselfish is distinguished from the specific act of giving money.

    Let's look at the phrase "deigns to grant". You grant a favor, a right, or a request. You don't necessarily "grant" money or time in the same way you "grant" a degree of generosity (meaning leniency or kindness).

    Therefore, Sense 2 (unselfishness/acting generously) is a better fit than the narrow "money or time" definition.

    *Wait*, let me think one more time.
    Sense 1: trait of being willing to give your money or time.
    Sense 2: acting generously.
    If the context is "the degree of generosity", it's a noun. "Acting generously" is a gerund phrase. "Unselfishness" is a noun.
    If the context is "the degree of [unselfishness]", it makes sense.
    If the context is "the degree of [the trait of being willing to give money or time]", it also makes sense.

    Which one is more likely in a political discussion about immigrants being a "burden on the economy"?
    The "burden" is financial. The "generosity" is the willingness to bear that financial burden.
    This points back to Sense 1.

    Let's re-read the whole thing.
    "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers"
    "France can not accommodate all the world's misery"
    "immigrants as a burden on the French economy"
    "the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants"

    This is about the *capacity* and *willingness* to take in and support people. This is a form of unselfishness (Sense 2) but also involves the willingness to give resources (Sense 1).

    However, "unselfishness" (Sense 2) is a more general term for the spirit of generosity. "Willing to give money or time" (Sense 1) is the most common definition of generosity.

    Let's look at the senses again.
    1. the trait of being willing to give your money or time | synonyms=generousness
    2. acting generously | synonyms=unselfishness

    Actually, "generousness" is just another word for "generosity". "Unselfishness" is a synonym.
    If the text says "the degree of generosity", it's referring to the quality.
    Sense 1: "the trait of being willing to give..."
    Sense 2: "acting generously"

    "The degree of [the trait of being willing to give money or time]" vs "The degree of [acting generously]".
    The first one is grammatically a better fit for "the degree of...".

    Let's search for these specific sense definitions. They look like they might come from a specific dictionary or dataset (like WordNet).
    In WordNet:
    Generosity:
    1. the quality of being generous (generousness)
    2. the act of being generous

    If Sense 1 is the *trait* (quality) and Sense 2 is the *act*, then "the degree of generosity" refers to the trait.

    Let's re-examine the definitions provided:
    1. the trait of being willing to give your money or time
    2. acting generously

    Sense 1 is the trait. Sense 2 is the act.
    "The degree of generosity" refers to the trait.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the most likely answer, despite the "money or time" restriction, because "degree of" modifies a quality/trait, not an action.

    *Wait*, let me double-check.
    "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    Can you "grant" a trait? No. You "grant" an act of generosity.
    "The degree of generosity [that] one deigns to grant".
    This means the amount of generous *action* or *treatment* they are willing to give.

    If you "grant generosity", you are acting generously.
    So "the degree of [acting generously]" (Sense 2).

    Let's try again.
    "The degree of generosity" (the amount of the quality)
    "which one deigns to grant" (which one is willing to give/show)

    This is tricky. Let's look at the synonyms again.
    1. generousness
    2. unselfishness

    If the context is about political parties and their willingness to accept immigrants, "unselfishness" (Sense 2) feels like a broader and more appropriate term than just "giving money or time" (Sense 1).

    Let's think about the phrase "degree of generosity".
    If I say "He showed a great degree of generosity," I could mean he gave a lot of money (Sense 1) or he was very unselfish/kind (Sense 2).
    In the context of "granting" it to immigrants, it's about the *treatment* or *policy* they receive.

    Let's look at the options one more time.
    1. the trait of being willing to give your money or time
    2. acting generously

    If I have to choose the *best* fit:
    The text is about political stances. The "generosity" is the willingness to accommodate immigrants despite them being a "burden". This is a general quality of being unselfish or lenient.

    Let's consider the source of the text. It's a political commentary. In this context, "generosity" often means "leniency" or "benevolence".
    Between "willing to give money/time" and "unselfishness", "unselfishness" is closer to benevolence.

    Let's try to see if "generosity" here means "the act of giving".
    "the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant"
    Yes, "granting generosity" is an act.

    Final check:
    Sense 1: Trait (money/time)
    Sense 2: Act (unselfishness)
    "The degree of generosity [that] one deigns to grant" -> The amount of generous action one is willing to perform.

    Wait, I just noticed something.
    "The only difference, the degree of generosity" (first mention)
    "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants." (second mention)

    The first mention is just "the degree of generosity". This strongly points to the trait.
    The second mention adds "which one deigns to grant".

    If I have to pick one, and Sense 1 is "the trait of being willing to give your money or time" and Sense 2 is "acting generously", Sense 2 is a very poor definition for the noun "generosity" unless it means "the act of acting generously".

    Let's look at the synonyms again.
    1. generousness
    2. unselfishness

    "The degree of generousness" vs "The degree of unselfishness".
    Both work. But "generousness" is just a synonym for "generosity".

    Let's search for the phrase "degree of generosity". It almost always refers to the quality/trait.
    Example: "The degree of generosity shown by the donor..." (trait/quality)
    Example: "The degree of generosity in the new tax law..." (trait/quality of the law)

    Now, does that trait specifically mean "willing to give money or time"?
    In the context of "burden on the economy", yes, it's very likely about the willingness to provide financial/social support.

    Let's re-read Sense 2: "acting generously". This is an action.
    "The degree of acting generously" is not a standard English phrase. "The degree of generosity" is.

    Therefore, Sense 1, despite its narrowness, is the only one that describes the *trait* (the noun "generosity").

    Wait, let me search for these exact sense definitions online. They look like they might be from a specific dataset.
    (Searching...)
    These look like they could be from a simplified WordNet or a similar lexical database used in NLP tasks.
    In many of those, "generosity" is split into:
    1. The quality of being generous (generousness).
    2. The act of being generous.

    If Sense 1 is the quality and Sense 2 is the act, "the degree of generosity" refers to the quality.

    Let's double-check the definitions again.
    1. the trait of being willing to give your money or time
    2. acting generously

    Yes, Sense 1 is the trait, Sense 2 is the act.
    "The degree of generosity" = the degree of the trait.

    Final decision: Sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "program" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his <t>program</t>, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Senses:
1. definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "In his <t>program</t>, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."
    *   Key entities: François Hollande (a politician, former President of France).
    *   Topic: Immigration, political views of the Left and Right in France.
    *   Usage: "In his program..." refers to the set of goals, plans, or principles proposed by François Hollande (likely during a campaign or as part of his political platform).

    *   Sense 1: a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished (general plan).
    *   Sense 2: a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need (e.g., public works).
    *   Sense 3: a radio or television show.
    *   Sense 4: a document stating the aims and principles of a political party (platform, political program).
    *   Sense 5: an announcement of events for a theatrical/sporting event.
    *   Sense 6: an integrated course of academic studies.
    *   Sense 7: (computer science) a sequence of instructions.
    *   Sense 8: a performance at a public presentation.

    *   The context is explicitly political (François Hollande, Left vs. Right, immigration policy).
    *   "Program" here refers to the political platform or the set of aims and principles he is proposing.
    *   Sense 4 specifically mentions "a document stating the aims and principles of a political party" and synonyms like "platform" and "political program."

    *   Sense 1 is general, but Sense 4 is specific to the political context provided.
    *   Sense 2 is about public services, not a political platform.
    *   Senses 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 are completely irrelevant.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "problem" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration <t>problem</t> to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Senses:
1. definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...saying that co-development would allow our immigration <t>problem</t> to be solved."
    *   Surrounding text: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society... This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem..."
    *   Target word: "problem"

    *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (Synonym: job). Example: "she and her husband are having problems".
    *   Sense 2: "a question raised for consideration or solution". Example: "homework consisted of ten problems to solve".
    *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" (Synonym: trouble). Example: "one trouble after another delayed the job".

    *   The text refers to "immigration problem" and mentions it being a "burden on the French economy and on French society."
    *   It's something that needs to be "solved."
    *   Is it a "question raised for consideration" (Sense 2)? No, it's not a math problem or a specific question.
    *   Is it a "source of difficulty" (Sense 3)? Yes, the text explicitly calls it a "burden."
    *   Is it a "state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (Sense 1)? Yes, it's a societal issue/difficulty.

    *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"
    *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty"

    Let's look at the examples provided in the prompt:
    *   Sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems" (relational/situational difficulty).
    *   Sense 3: "one trouble after another delayed the job" (specific obstacles/sources of trouble).

    In the context "immigration problem," it refers to the *situation* of immigration being viewed as a burden/difficulty that needs a solution.

    Wait, let's re-read the definitions carefully.
    Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"
    Sense 3: "a source of difficulty"

    "Immigration problem" usually refers to the *situation* (the state of things) being problematic.
    However, often "problem" in the sense of a societal issue is categorized as a "source of difficulty" or a "state of difficulty."

    Let's look at the synonyms:
    Sense 1: job (This is a weird synonym for "state of difficulty", but it's what's provided).
    Sense 3: trouble.

    "Immigration trouble" vs "Immigration state of difficulty".

    Actually, looking at the context "immigration problem to be solved", it fits "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (Sense 1) or "a source of difficulty" (Sense 3).

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
    Let's re-evaluate Sense 3: "a source of difficulty".

    If immigration is the *problem*, is immigration the *source* of the difficulty, or is the *situation* the state of difficulty?
    The text says "immigrants as a burden... This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem".
    This suggests that immigration itself is seen as the *source* of the difficulty (the burden).

    However, "problem" in "immigration problem" is a very common way to describe a societal issue.
    Let's check the examples again.
    Sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems" -> This is a state of difficulty.
    Sense 3: "one trouble after another delayed the job" -> These are sources of difficulty.

    "Our immigration problem" -> The situation regarding immigration is a state of difficulty.

    Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3 again.
    Sense 1: state of difficulty.
    Sense 3: source of difficulty.

    If I say "The problem is the lack of funding," the lack of funding is the *source*.
    If I say "We have a problem," it's a *state* of difficulty.

    In "our immigration problem", "immigration" modifies "problem". The "problem" is the state of affairs regarding immigration.

    Let's look at the provided senses again.
    1. a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved.
    3. a source of difficulty.

    Usually, in these types of NLP tasks (like WordNet-based), "problem" as a societal issue is often mapped to "a matter or situation regarded as unwelcome or harmful and needing to be dealt with." This aligns closely with "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved."

    Let's check Sense 3 again: "a source of difficulty". Example: "what's the problem?" (meaning what is causing the trouble).

    In "immigration problem", is immigration the *source* or is the *situation* the problem?
    The text says "immigrants as a burden... This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem".
    This implies that the *existence* or *process* of immigration is the source of the difficulty.

    However, "problem to be solved" strongly points to Sense 1 ("needs to be resolved").

    Let's double-check the synonyms.
    Sense 1: job. (This is very strange. "It is always a job to contact him" means it's a difficult task).
    Sense 3: trouble.

    If we use "trouble" (Sense 3): "our immigration trouble to be solved".
    If we use "state of difficulty" (Sense 1): "our immigration state of difficulty to be solved".

    Actually, "problem" meaning "a matter or situation regarded as unwelcome" is the most common meaning here.
    Between "state of difficulty" and "source of difficulty":
    A "problem" that is "solved" is typically the "state of difficulty" or the "question" (Sense 2). Since it's not a math question, Sense 1 is more likely than Sense 3.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 3 again: "a source of difficulty".
    If the "immigration problem" is the "source of difficulty", then the problem *is* the source.
    If the "immigration problem" is the "state of difficulty", then the problem *is* the situation.

    In the sentence "co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved", the "problem" is the situation that needs resolving.

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 1 again: "she and her husband are having problems". This refers to difficulties in their relationship (a state of difficulty).
    Example for Sense 3: "one trouble after another delayed the job". These are specific things that caused delays (sources of difficulty).

    "Immigration problem" is more like "relationship problems" (Sense 1) than "a flat tire" (Sense 3).

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the most fitting.

    Sense 1: state of difficulty that needs to be resolved.
    Sense 2: question for consideration.
    Sense 3: source of difficulty.

    Context: "immigration problem to be solved".
    This is a societal issue, a state of difficulty.

    Final check:
    Sense 1: state of difficulty -> "immigration problem" (the situation)
    Sense 3: source of difficulty -> "the problem is the lack of money" (the cause)

    The phrase "immigration problem" refers to the overall situation.

    Wait, I just noticed the synonym for Sense 1 is "job". "It is always a job to contact him." This means a "chore" or a "difficult task".
    Does "immigration problem" mean a "difficult task"? No.
    Does "immigration problem" mean a "state of difficulty"? Yes.

    Let's look at Sense 3 again. Synonym "trouble". "What's the problem?" = "What's the trouble?".
    "Our immigration problem" = "Our immigration trouble".

    Actually, in many dictionaries:
    Problem (1): a matter or situation regarded as unwelcome or harmful and needing to be dealt with.
    Problem (2): a question raised for investigation.

    The provided senses are slightly different.
    Sense 1: state of difficulty that needs to be resolved.
    Sense 3: source of difficulty.

    If the "immigration problem" is the "state of difficulty", it fits Sense 1.
    If the "immigration problem" is the "source of difficulty", it fits Sense 3.

    Usually, "the problem" is the thing that *is* the difficulty.
    "The problem with the car is the battery." (Battery = source).
    "We have a problem." (The situation = state of difficulty).

    "Our immigration problem" refers to the situation.

    Let's re-read: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem".
    Here, "immigration" is the burden and the problem.
    If immigration *is* the problem, then immigration is the *source* of the difficulty.

    Wait, let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems" (They are experiencing a state of difficulty).
    Sense 3: "one trouble after another delayed the job" (Specific sources of difficulty).

    "Immigration problem" is a general state of difficulty.

    Let's try to see if Sense 1's "state of difficulty" fits better than Sense 3's "source of difficulty".
    "Our immigration problem to be solved."
    If you solve a "state of difficulty", you resolve the situation.
    If you solve a "source of difficulty", you remove the cause.

    In political discourse, "solving the immigration problem" usually means resolving the situation.

    Let's look at the senses one more time.
    1. state of difficulty that needs to be resolved.
    3. source of difficulty.

    If I have to choose between "state" and "source", "immigration problem" as a societal issue is generally the "state" or "situation".

    Let's double check Sense 3 again. "one trouble after another delayed the job". These are specific events.
    "Immigration problem" is not a specific event; it's a broad situation.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the most likely.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "notion" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This <t>notion</t> of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
2. definition=a general inclusive concept
3. definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
4. definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "This <t>notion</t> of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly."
    *   The word "notion" refers to the idea that "immigration [is] a burden and a problem."

    *   Sense 1: a vague idea in which some confidence is placed (impression, feeling, belief, opinion).
    *   Sense 2: a general inclusive concept.
    *   Sense 3: an odd or fanciful or capricious idea (whim, whimsy).
    *   Sense 4: small personal articles or clothing or sewing items.

    *   The text discusses a widely held belief or idea (that immigration is a burden) held by political parties (Left and Right).
    *   Is it a "vague idea/belief/opinion" (Sense 1)? Yes, the idea that immigration is a burden is a belief or opinion.
    *   Is it a "general inclusive concept" (Sense 2)? While "immigration" is a concept, the "notion of immigration being a burden" is specifically a belief or a viewpoint.
    *   Is it an "odd or fanciful idea" (Sense 3)? No, the text presents it as a common political view, not a whim.
    *   Is it "sewing items" (Sense 4)? No.

    *   Sense 1: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion".
    *   The "notion" here is the belief/opinion that immigration is a burden. This fits well.
    *   Sense 2: "a general inclusive concept". This usually refers to a theoretical category (e.g., "the notion of justice"). While "immigration being a burden" is a concept, it's more of a belief/opinion in this context.

    *   The sentence says "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem...". This is a specific belief or opinion held by the political sides mentioned.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2: Sense 1 emphasizes the "belief/opinion" aspect, while Sense 2 emphasizes the "conceptual/categorical" aspect. The context is about a political belief.

    *   Sense 1: belief, opinion.
    *   Sense 2: general inclusive concept.
    *   The text says "Both sides see immigrants as a burden... This notion...". "Seeing immigrants as a burden" is an opinion/belief.

    *   Sense 1 fits best.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "burden" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a <t>burden</t> and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society... This notion of immigration being a <t>burden</t> and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly."
    *   Target word: "burden"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  An onerous or difficult concern (load, encumbrance, onus). Example: burden of responsibility.
        2.  Weight to be borne or conveyed (load, loading).
        3.  The central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work (effect, essence, core, gist).
        4.  The central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse.

    *   The text discusses immigrants being seen as a "burden on the French economy and on French society."
    *   It links "burden" with "problem" and mentions it being "economically very costly."
    *   This implies that immigrants are perceived as a drain on resources or a difficult concern/responsibility for the state/society.

    *   Sense 1: "an onerous or difficult concern" (load, encumbrance). This fits perfectly. Being a "burden on the economy" means being an encumbrance or a cost.
    *   Sense 2: "weight to be borne or conveyed" (physical load). This is literal weight. Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 3: "central meaning or theme" (gist). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: "central idea expanded in a document". Not applicable.

    *   The usage "burden on the economy" aligns with Sense 1 (onerous concern/encumbrance).


[User]
Which numbered sense of "problem" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>, may be an electoral asset..."
    *   Target word: "problem"
    *   Contextual clues: "immigration problem to be solved", "burden and a problem", "electoral asset", "economically very costly".

    *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (Synonym: job). Example: "she and her husband are having problems".
    *   Sense 2: "a question raised for consideration or solution". Example: "homework consisted of ten problems to solve".
    *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" (Synonym: trouble). Example: "one trouble after another delayed the job".

    *   The text refers to "immigration problem" and "immigration being a burden and a problem".
    *   It's described as something that needs to be "solved" (though "solved" is used in the previous sentence, the target word "problem" refers back to that concept).
    *   It's characterized as a "burden".
    *   Sense 1 describes a "state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
    *   Sense 2 describes a "question raised for consideration" (like a math problem). This doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 3 describes a "source of difficulty" (like a specific trouble or annoyance).

    *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved". This fits well with "immigration problem to be solved" and the general societal/political issue described.
    *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty". This also fits, as immigration is being framed as the *source* of the burden.

    *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
    *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty".
    *   In the phrase "immigration problem", "problem" refers to the situation/state of affairs regarding immigration that is perceived as difficult and needing a solution.
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems" (state of difficulty).
        *   Sense 3: "one trouble after another delayed the job" (specific source of difficulty).
    *   The context "immigration being a burden and a problem" suggests that the *situation* of immigration is viewed as a problem. This aligns more closely with a "state of difficulty" (Sense 1) or a "source of difficulty" (Sense 3).
    *   Wait, let's re-read Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "a source of difficulty".
    *   Usually, "the problem of [X]" refers to the difficult situation caused by X.
    *   If immigration is the "problem", it is the source of the difficulty.
    *   However, "immigration problem" as a phrase often refers to the *issue* or *state of difficulty* surrounding immigration.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms. Sense 1: "job" (this is a weird synonym for "state of difficulty", but it's provided). Sense 3: "trouble".
    *   "Immigration is a trouble" vs "Immigration is a state of difficulty".
    *   Actually, "a source of difficulty" (Sense 3) fits "immigration being a burden and a problem" very well. If it's a burden, it's a source of difficulty.

    *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
    *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty".
    *   In the sentence "our immigration problem to be solved", the "problem" is the situation.
    *   In "immigration being a burden and a problem", the "problem" is the thing (immigration) causing the burden.
    *   If immigration *is* the problem, it is the source of the difficulty.
    *   Let's check the examples again.
        *   Sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems" (they are in a state of difficulty).
        *   Sense 3: "what's the problem?" (what is the source of the difficulty?).
    *   "Immigration is a problem" $\approx$ "Immigration is a source of difficulty".

    *   Sense 1: state of difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: source of difficulty.
    *   If I say "The problem is the lack of funding," the lack of funding is the *source* of the difficulty.
    *   If I say "We have a problem," we are in a *state* of difficulty.
    *   The text says "immigration being a burden and a problem". This implies immigration itself is the problem. Therefore, it is the source of the difficulty.

    *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
    *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty".
    *   "Immigration problem" $\rightarrow$ the situation.
    *   "Immigration being a... problem" $\rightarrow$ the cause.
    *   Sense 3 seems more precise for "immigration being a... problem".

    *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
    *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty".
    *   In many dictionaries, "problem" as a "source of difficulty" is the most common meaning for "X is a problem".
    *   Example: "The noise is a problem" (The noise is the source of the difficulty).
    *   Example: "We have a problem" (We are in a state of difficulty).
    *   The text says "immigration being a burden and a problem". This is "X is a problem".

    *   Sense 1: state of difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: source of difficulty.
    *   "Immigration being a burden and a problem" $\rightarrow$ Immigration is the source of the difficulty.

    *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"
    *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty"
    *   If the text says "immigration problem to be solved", it's the state of difficulty.
    *   If the text says "immigration being a... problem", it's the source.
    *   The target word is in the second phrase.

    *   Sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems" (state of difficulty).
    *   Sense 3: "what's the problem?" (source of difficulty).
    *   "Immigration is a problem" matches "What's the problem?" (The problem is immigration).

    *   Sense 1: state of difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: source of difficulty.
    *   "Immigration being a burden and a problem" $\rightarrow$ Immigration is the source of the difficulty.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 1 again. "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
    *   If "immigration problem" is a "state of difficulty", then "immigration being a problem" means "immigration being a state of difficulty". That doesn't make as much sense as "immigration being a source of difficulty".

    *   Sense 3 is the most fitting.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "book" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together) | examples=I am reading a good book on economics
2. definition=physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together | synonyms=volume | examples=he used a large book as a doorstop
3. definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | synonyms=record, record book | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'; his name is in all the record books
4. definition=a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance | synonyms=script, playscript
5. definition=a record in which commercial accounts are recorded | synonyms=ledger, leger, account book, book of account | examples=they got a subpoena to examine our books
6. definition=a collection of playing cards satisfying the rules of a card game
7. definition=a collection of rules or prescribed standards on the basis of which decisions are made | synonyms=rule book | examples=they run things by the book around here
8. definition=the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | synonyms=Koran, Quran, al-Qur'an
9. definition=the sacred writings of the Christian religions | synonyms=Bible, Christian Bible, Good Book, Holy Scripture, Holy Writ, Scripture | examples=he went to carry the Word to the heathen
10. definition=a major division of a long written composition | examples=the book of Isaiah
11. definition=a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together on one edge | examples=he bought a book of stamps

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus..."
    *   Target word: "book"

    *   Sense 1: A written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together). Example: "I am reading a good book on economics."
    *   Sense 2: Physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together. Example: "he used a large book as a doorstop."
    *   Sense 3: A compilation of known facts (record book).
    *   Sense 4: A script for a play.
    *   Sense 5: A ledger for commercial accounts.
    *   Sense 6: A collection of playing cards.
    *   Sense 7: A rule book.
    *   Sense 8: The Quran.
    *   Sense 9: The Bible.
    *   Sense 10: A major division of a long written composition.
    *   Sense 11: A book of stamps/tickets.

    *   The context mentions a specific title ("Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future"), a publisher ("Princeton University Press"), and a page count ("352 pp.").
    *   This clearly refers to a published written work on a specific subject (immigration).
    *   This matches Sense 1: "a written work or composition that has been published".

    *   Sense 2 refers to the physical object (e.g., using it as a doorstop). While a published work is a physical object, the context emphasizes the *content* and the *publication* (the work itself), not the physical properties of the object.
    *   Sense 3 refers to a record of facts (like a record book for sports). Not applicable here.
    *   Senses 4-11 are clearly incorrect.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "immigration" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t> (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) | synonyms=in-migration
2. definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing the perception of Polish plumbers, immigrants as a burden, François Hollande's program, and the economic impact of migration flows.
    *   Target word: `<t>immigration</t>` in the phrase "...summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t> (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future...)"
    *   Senses:
        1.  Migration into a place (especially to a country of which you are not a native to settle there). (The *process* or *phenomenon*).
        2.  The body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval. (The *group of people*).

    *   The sentence is: "As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t>..."
    *   The book title is "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   The context discusses the economic impact of migration flows, growth, wages, and employment.
    *   "Knowledge of immigration" refers to the study of the phenomenon/process of people moving from one country to another, not a specific group of people arriving in a specific interval.

    *   Sense 1: The general process/phenomenon of migration into a place.
    *   Sense 2: A specific group of people arriving at a specific time.
    *   The text refers to "knowledge of immigration" in a general, academic, and economic sense. This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "people" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional <t>People</t>: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing immigration, specifically mentioning a book titled "Exceptional <t>People</t>: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   Target word: "People" (in the title of the book).
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Any group of human beings collectively (e.g., old people, 200 people).
        2.  The body of citizens of a state or country (e.g., the Spanish people).
        3.  Members of a family line (e.g., his people).
        4.  The common people generally (e.g., power to the people).

    *   The word "People" appears in the title: "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   The book is about migration, migration flows, and the impact of immigrants on economic growth, wages, and employment.
    *   In this context, "Exceptional People" refers to the individuals who migrate—the human beings who move from one place to another.

    *   Sense 1: "any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively". This fits well. The "exceptional people" are the individuals/groups of humans who migrate.
    *   Sense 2: "the body of citizens of a state or country". The book is about migration *between* states, not the citizenry of one specific state.
    *   Sense 3: "members of a family line". Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 4: "the common people generally". While immigrants are often "common people," the focus here is on the human beings who migrate, not specifically a class struggle or the "masses" vs. an elite.

    *   The title "Exceptional People" refers to the migrants themselves as human beings. Sense 1 is the most general and accurate description of "people" as human beings.

    *   The user requested *only* the number of the correct sense.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "migration" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How <t>Migration</t> Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
2. definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
3. definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
4. definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text discussing immigration, Polish plumbers, the French economy, and a book titled "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   Target word: "Migration" (in the book title).
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Movement of persons from one country or locality to another.
        2.  A group of people migrating together.
        3.  (Chemistry) Movement of an atom/radical within a molecule.
        4.  Periodic passage of animals (birds/fishes).

    *   The text talks about "immigrants", "Polish plumbers", "French economy", "immigration problem", and "migration flows".
    *   The book title "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future" clearly refers to the movement of people across borders/regions.

    *   Sense 1: "the movement of persons from one country or locality to another" - This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a group of people migrating together" - This refers to the *group* itself, not the *process* or *phenomenon* of moving. The context refers to the general phenomenon.
    *   Sense 3: Chemistry - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: Animals - Not applicable.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "future" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our <t>Future</t>, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=the time yet to come | synonyms=hereafter, futurity, time to come
2. definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future | synonyms=future tense
3. definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing immigration, its perception as a burden, and its actual economic impact.
    *   Target word: "Future" (in the title of a book: *Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our <t>Future</t>*).
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  The time yet to come.
        2.  A verb tense.
        3.  Bulk commodities (futures contracts).

    *   The word "Future" appears in the title of a book: "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   The phrase "Will Define Our Future" refers to how migration will affect the world in the time to come.

    *   Sense 1: "the time yet to come" - This fits perfectly. The book discusses how migration will shape the world in the years ahead.
    *   Sense 2: "a verb tense" - This does not fit. The book is not about grammar.
    *   Sense 3: "bulk commodities" - This does not fit. The book is not about financial futures contracts.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "specialist" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among <t>specialists</t> on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning | synonyms=specializer, specialiser
2. definition=practices one branch of medicine | synonyms=medical specialist

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text discussing immigration, its perceived burden, and the economic perspective. It mentions economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron and states there is a "wide consensus among <t>specialists</t> on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth..."
    *   Target word: "specialists"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  An expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning.
        2.  Practices one branch of medicine.

    *   The context refers to "economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron" and their book.
    *   The "specialists" mentioned are those who study migration flows, economic growth, wages, and employment.
    *   These are experts in economics/migration studies, not medical doctors.

    *   Sense 1: Expert in a branch of learning (fits perfectly).
    *   Sense 2: Medical specialist (does not fit).


[User]
Which numbered sense of "impact" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive <t>impact</t> of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=the striking of one body against another
2. definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | synonyms=wallop | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking; the book packs a wallop
3. definition=influencing strongly | synonyms=impingement, encroachment | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture
4. definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | synonyms=shock | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive <t>impact</t> of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."
    *   Target word: "impact"
    *   Surrounding words: "positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment".

    *   Sense 1: "the striking of one body against another" (Physical collision).
    *   Sense 2: "a forceful consequence; a strong effect" (Influence/result).
    *   Sense 3: "influencing strongly" (Impingement/encroachment - often negative or intrusive).
    *   Sense 4: "the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat" (Military shock).

    *   The text discusses the effect of migration flows on economic growth, wages, and employment.
    *   "Positive impact" in this context means a positive effect or consequence.
    *   Sense 1 (physical collision) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (forceful consequence/strong effect) fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 3 (impingement/encroachment) usually implies a negative intrusion, whereas the text specifies a "positive impact".
    *   Sense 4 (combat) is incorrect.

    *   The correct sense is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "migration" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of <t>migration</t> flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
2. definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
3. definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
4. definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing the movement of people (Polish plumbers, immigrants) into France, the political perception of this movement as a burden, and the economic impact of "migration flows" on growth, wages, and employment.
    *   Target word: "migration" (in the phrase "migration flows").
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Movement of persons from one country or locality to another.
        2.  A group of people migrating together.
        3.  (Chemistry) Movement of an atom/radical within a molecule.
        4.  Periodic passage of animals (birds/fishes).

    *   The text mentions "Polish plumbers", "immigrants", "French economy", "French society", "immigration problem", and "countries, which admit immigrants".
    *   The phrase "migration flows" refers to the movement of these people from one country to another.

    *   Sense 1: "the movement of persons from one country or locality to another" - This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a group of people migrating together" - This refers to the *group* itself, whereas "migration flows" refers to the *process/movement*.
    *   Sense 3: Chemistry - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: Animals - Not applicable.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "flow" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration <t>flows</t> on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases) | synonyms=flowing
2. definition=the amount of fluid that flows in a given time | synonyms=flow rate, rate of flow
3. definition=the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression | synonyms=stream
4. definition=any uninterrupted stream or discharge
5. definition=something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously | synonyms=stream | examples=a stream of people emptied from the terminal; the museum had planned carefully for the flow of visitors
6. definition=dominant course (suggestive of running water) of successive events or ideas | synonyms=stream, current | examples=two streams of development run through American history; stream of consciousness
7. definition=the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause; ; --Hippocrates; --Aristotle | synonyms=menstruation, menses, menstruum, catamenia, period | examples=the women were sickly and subject to excessive menstruation; a woman does not take the gout unless her menses be stopped

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration <t>flows</t> on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."
    *   Target word: "flows" (plural of flow).
    *   Meaning in context: The movement of people (immigrants) from one place to another.

    *   Sense 1: Motion characteristic of fluids (liquids/gases). (Incorrect - migration isn't a fluid).
    *   Sense 2: Amount of fluid that flows in a given time (flow rate). (Incorrect - not about fluid volume).
    *   Sense 3: The act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression. (Too general, usually refers to the action itself).
    *   Sense 4: Any uninterrupted stream or discharge. (Usually refers to physical substances).
    *   Sense 5: Something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously (e.g., a stream of people). (Correct - migration flows are like streams of people moving).
    *   Sense 6: Dominant course of successive events or ideas (e.g., stream of consciousness). (Incorrect - this is about ideas/events, not people).
    *   Sense 7: Menstruation. (Incorrect).

    *   The context refers to "migration flows," which means the movement of large numbers of people.
    *   Sense 5 specifically mentions "a stream of people emptied from the terminal" and "the flow of visitors." This matches the usage of "migration flows" perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "employment" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and <t>employment</t> in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=the state of being employed or having a job | synonyms=employ | examples=they are looking for employment; he was in the employ of the city
2. definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=work | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
3. definition=the act of giving someone a job | synonyms=engagement
4. definition=the act of using | synonyms=use, usage, utilization, utilisation, exercise | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs; skilled in the utilization of computers

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing immigration, its perceived burden, and its actual economic impact.
    *   Target word: "employment" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Sentence: "...there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and <t>employment</t> in countries, which admit immigrants."
    *   Following sentence: "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

    *   Sense 1: "the state of being employed or having a job" (e.g., "looking for employment", "in the employ of the city").
    *   Sense 2: "the occupation for which you are paid" (e.g., "looking for employment", "out of work").
    *   Sense 3: "the act of giving someone a job" (engagement).
    *   Sense 4: "the act of using" (use, usage, utilization).

    *   The text discusses "economic growth, wages and employment".
    *   It mentions that restraining immigration "harms employment".
    *   In this context, "employment" refers to the general state of people having jobs in the economy (the employment rate/level), rather than a specific occupation (Sense 2), the act of hiring (Sense 3), or the act of using something (Sense 4).
    *   Sense 1 ("the state of being employed or having a job") fits best as it describes the macroeconomic condition of people being employed.

    *   Sense 1: State of being employed. (Fits: "positive impact on... employment")
    *   Sense 2: The specific job/occupation. (Doesn't fit: "positive impact on... the occupation for which you are paid" doesn't make sense in a macroeconomic context).
    *   Sense 3: The act of hiring. (Doesn't fit: "positive impact on... the act of giving someone a job" is too narrow).
    *   Sense 4: The act of using. (Doesn't fit: "positive impact on... the act of using" makes no sense here).


[User]
Which numbered sense of "country" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in <t>countries</t>, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Senses:
1. definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in <t>countries</t>, which admit immigrants."
    *   Target word: "countries"

    *   Sense 1: A politically organized body of people under a single government (state, nation). Focuses on the political entity.
    *   Sense 2: The territory occupied by a nation (state, land). Focuses on the physical/geographical area of a nation.
    *   Sense 3: The people who live in a nation or country (nation, land). Focuses on the population.
    *   Sense 4: An area outside of cities and towns (rural area).
    *   Sense 5: A particular geographical region of indefinite boundary.

    *   The sentence discusses "economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."
    *   "Countries" here refers to the sovereign states/political entities that have laws and policies regarding immigration.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
        *   Sense 1 (politically organized body/state) fits well because admitting immigrants is a political/legal act of a state.
        *   Sense 2 (territory) is close, but "economic growth, wages and employment" are typically attributes of the state/political entity as a whole (the economy of the state).
    *   Let's look at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "African nations" (political entities).
        *   Sense 2: "visited several European countries" (physical places).
    *   In the context of "economic growth, wages and employment in countries," it refers to the nations as political and economic units.

    *   Is it the *territory* (Sense 2) or the *political entity* (Sense 1)?
    *   Usually, when talking about economic indicators (growth, wages, employment) and policy (admitting immigrants), "country" refers to the state/nation as a political and administrative entity.
    *   Sense 1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government".
    *   Sense 2: "the territory occupied by a nation".
    *   If you say "employment in the country," you usually mean the state's economy.
    *   Let's re-read the context: "...positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."
    *   The phrase "which admit immigrants" strongly implies the political entity (the government/state) that makes the decision to admit.

    *   Sense 1: State/Nation (Political entity).
    *   Sense 2: Territory.
    *   Sense 3: People.
    *   Sense 4: Rural.
    *   Sense 5: Region.
    *   The most accurate fit for a sovereign entity that manages immigration and tracks economic growth is Sense 1.

    *Self-Correction/Double Check:*
    Wait, often "country" in the sense of "European countries" (Sense 2 example) is used interchangeably with "nations" (Sense 1 example). Let's look closer.
    Sense 1: "politically organized body of people under a single government"
    Sense 2: "the territory occupied by a nation"
    In "economic growth... in countries", is it the territory or the political entity? It's the political entity (the state).

    Let's check if Sense 2 is more common for "countries" in this context.
    "Employment in [the territory]" vs "Employment in [the state]".
    Actually, in many dictionaries, the distinction between "state" (political) and "country" (territorial) is subtle. However, given the options:
    1. State/Nation (Political)
    2. Territory (Physical)
    The act of "admitting immigrants" is a function of the state (Sense 1).

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
    Sense 1: "African nations"
    Sense 2: "visited several European countries"
    The context "countries, which admit immigrants" sounds more like "nations, which admit immigrants".

    Let's look at the phrase "economic growth... in countries". This is a standard way to refer to national economies. National economies are tied to the political entity (the state).

    Final check:
    Sense 1: Politically organized body.
    Sense 2: Territory.
    Sense 3: People.
    Sense 4: Rural.
    Sense 5: Region.
    The most fitting is Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "immigration" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining <t>immigration</t> leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Senses:
1. definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) | synonyms=in-migration
2. definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing immigrants in France, their perceived burden on the economy/society, and the economic impact of migration flows.
    *   Target word: `<t>immigration</t>` in the sentence "Restraining <t>immigration</t> leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."
    *   Senses:
        1.  Migration into a place (especially to a country of which you are not a native to settle there). (General process/phenomenon).
        2.  The body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval. (Specific group/cohort).

    *   Sentence: "Restraining <t>immigration</t> leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."
    *   Meaning: Restricting the *process* or *act* of people moving into the country.
    *   Does it refer to a specific group of people arriving in a specific interval (Sense 2)? No.
    *   Does it refer to the general phenomenon/process of migration into a place (Sense 1)? Yes.

    *   Sense 1: General process of moving into a country.
    *   Sense 2: A specific group of people (the "body" of immigrants).
    *   In "Restraining immigration", "immigration" refers to the flow or the act of coming in, not a specific group of people arriving at a specific time.

Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "growth" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic <t>growth</t> and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Senses:
1. definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
5. definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic <t>growth</t> and harms employment."
    *   Surrounding context: "positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."
    *   The word "growth" is used in the phrase "anaemic growth" and previously in "economic growth".

    *   Sense 1: Biological growth of an organism. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Progression from simpler to more complex forms (e.g., culture). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Process of becoming larger, longer, more numerous, or more important (synonyms: increase, increment). Examples: increase in unemployment, growth of population. (Fits "economic growth" - an increase in GDP/economic output).
    *   Sense 4: Vegetation that has grown. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Gradual beginning or coming forth (emergence). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Abnormal proliferation of tissue (tumor). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Something grown or growing (e.g., hair). (Incorrect)

    *   "Economic growth" refers to an increase in the production of goods and services in an economy. This is a process of becoming larger/increasing.
    *   "Anaemic growth" means slow or weak increase.
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "employment" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms <t>employment</t>. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Senses:
1. definition=the state of being employed or having a job | synonyms=employ | examples=they are looking for employment; he was in the employ of the city
2. definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=work | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
3. definition=the act of giving someone a job | synonyms=engagement
4. definition=the act of using | synonyms=use, usage, utilization, utilisation, exercise | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs; skilled in the utilization of computers

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms <t>employment</t>."
    *   Target word: "employment"
    *   Surrounding words: "economic growth, wages and employment", "harms employment".

    *   Sense 1: "the state of being employed or having a job" (e.g., "looking for employment", "in the employ of the city").
    *   Sense 2: "the occupation for which you are paid" (e.g., "looking for employment", "out of work").
    *   Sense 3: "the act of giving someone a job" (engagement).
    *   Sense 4: "the act of using" (use, usage, utilization).

    *   The text discusses the economic impact of migration on "economic growth, wages and employment".
    *   It says restraining immigration "harms employment".
    *   In this context, "employment" refers to the general state or level of people having jobs in the economy (the employment rate/level).
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
        *   Sense 1: "the state of being employed or having a job".
        *   Sense 2: "the occupation for which you are paid" (meaning the specific job/work).
    *   "Harms employment" means it reduces the number of people who have jobs (the state of being employed), not that it harms a specific occupation.
    *   Sense 4 (use/utilization) is clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 3 (act of hiring) is not the primary meaning here; it's about the overall level of employment in the country.

    *   Sense 1 fits best as it describes the general state of people having jobs in an economy.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 1 and Sense 2.
    *   Sense 1: "the state of being employed or having a job"
    *   Sense 2: "the occupation for which you are paid"
    *   In "economic growth, wages and employment", "employment" refers to the overall level of people employed in the economy. This aligns with "the state of being employed".

    *   Sense 1: state of being employed.
    *   Sense 2: the job itself.
    *   "Harms employment" = reduces the state of being employed (increases unemployment).

    *   Sense 1 is the most appropriate.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "fear" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. <t>Fears</t> about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Senses:
1. definition=an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight) | synonyms=fearfulness, fright
2. definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=concern, care | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
3. definition=a feeling of profound respect for someone or something | synonyms=reverence, awe, veneration | examples=the fear of God; the Chinese reverence for the dead

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing immigration, its economic impact, and the common beliefs/concerns surrounding it.
    *   Target word: "Fears" (in the sentence: "<t>Fears</t> about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers...").
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Emotion in anticipation of specific pain/danger (fright/fearfulness).
        2.  An anxious feeling (concern/care).
        3.  Profound respect (reverence/awe).

    *   The sentence says: "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers..."
    *   Here, "fears" refers to the worries or concerns people have regarding the economic consequences of immigration (specifically, the fear of job loss or wage depression).
    *   It is not a sudden fright or a desire to flee (Sense 1).
    *   It is not a feeling of profound respect or awe (Sense 3).
    *   It is an anxious feeling or concern about a potential negative outcome (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: Too intense/visceral (panic/fright).
    *   Sense 2: Fits well (concern/anxiety about a situation).
    *   Sense 3: Completely wrong (reverence).