[User]
Which numbered sense of "education" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: There are many successful schools scattered throughout this nation, some of them in the poorest of ghettos, and they are all sending us the same message. Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on <t>education</t>, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need.

Senses:
1. definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Thus at the recent governors' conference on <t>education</t>, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced..."
    *   Target word: "education"
    *   Surrounding phrase: "governors' conference on education"

    *   Sense 1: The activities of educating or instructing (instruction, teaching, pedagogy).
    *   Sense 2: Knowledge acquired by learning and instruction (the result/state of being educated).
    *   Sense 3: The gradual process of acquiring knowledge.
    *   Sense 4: The profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university).
    *   Sense 5: The result of good upbringing (social behavior/breeding).
    *   Sense 6: The US federal department (Department of Education).

    *   The phrase is "governors' conference on education".
    *   What is the conference about? It's about the system of schooling, the policies, the practice of teaching, and the overall field of instructing students.
    *   Is it about the *knowledge acquired* (Sense 2)? No.
    *   Is it about the *process of acquiring knowledge* (Sense 3)? Not primarily; it's about the system/activity.
    *   Is it about the *profession of teaching* (Sense 4)? It includes the profession, but "education" in a policy context usually refers to the broader activity/system of instructing.
    *   Is it about *upbringing/breeding* (Sense 5)? No.
    *   Is it about the *US federal department* (Sense 6)? No, it's a conference *on* education, not a conference *on* the Department of Education.
    *   Is it about the *activities of educating or instructing* (Sense 1)? Yes. "Education" here refers to the general field/activity of schooling and instruction.

    *   Sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill"
    *   Sense 4: "the profession of teaching"
    *   In the context of a "conference on education," it usually encompasses the whole system, the pedagogy, the funding, and the administration of the *activities* of educating. Sense 1 is the broadest and most fitting description for the subject matter of such a conference.

    *   "governors' conference on education" -> A conference about the system/activity of educating children.
    *   Sense 1 fits best.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "announce" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: There are many successful schools scattered throughout this nation, some of them in the poorest of ghettos, and they are all sending us the same message. Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas <t>announced</t> that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need.

Senses:
1. definition=make known; make an announcement | synonyms=denote | examples=She denoted her feelings clearly
2. definition=announce publicly or officially | synonyms=declare | examples=The President declared war
3. definition=give the names of | examples=He announced the winners of the spelling bee
4. definition=foreshadow or presage | synonyms=annunciate, harbinger, foretell, herald

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas <t>announced</t> that 'this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five.'"
    *   Target word: "announced"

    *   Sense 1: make known; make an announcement (synonym: denote). Example: "She denoted her feelings clearly." (This seems more about expressing or indicating).
    *   Sense 2: announce publicly or officially (synonym: declare). Example: "The President declared war." (This fits a public figure making a statement at a conference).
    *   Sense 3: give the names of. Example: "He announced the winners of the spelling bee." (Not applicable here; he's not listing names).
    *   Sense 4: foreshadow or presage (synonyms: annunciate, harbinger, foretell, herald). (Not applicable here; he's making a statement, not predicting the future).

    *   Gov. Bill Clinton is at a "governors' conference on education" (a public/official setting).
    *   He is stating a position/need: "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy..."
    *   This is a public/official declaration.

    *   Sense 2 ("announce publicly or officially") fits perfectly.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "country" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: There are many successful schools scattered throughout this nation, some of them in the poorest of ghettos, and they are all sending us the same message. Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this <t>country</t> needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need.

Senses:
1. definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that 'this <t>country</t> needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five.'"
    *   Target word: "country"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Politically organized body of people under a single government (state, nation, body politic).
        2.  Territory occupied by a nation (land).
        3.  The people who live in a nation or country (nation, land).
        4.  Area outside of cities and towns (rural area).
        5.  Particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (area).

    *   The sentence is: "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five."
    *   Who or what "needs a policy"?
    *   A "policy" is typically implemented by a government or a political entity.
    *   "This country" refers to the United States (implied by Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas).
    *   Is it referring to the *land* (Sense 2)? No, land doesn't need a policy.
    *   Is it referring to the *rural areas* (Sense 4)? No, the context is national education/child development.
    *   Is it referring to a *geographical region* (Sense 5)? No.
    *   Is it referring to the *people* (Sense 3)? Possibly, but policies are created for and by the political entity.
    *   Is it referring to the *politically organized body* (Sense 1)? Yes, a "comprehensive child-development policy" is a matter of governance and state organization.

    *   Sense 1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" (synonyms: state, nation).
    *   Sense 3: "the people who live in a nation or country" (synonyms: nation, land).
    *   In the phrase "this country needs a... policy", "country" is acting as the political entity (the state/nation) that implements the policy. While "nation" is a synonym for both, Sense 1 specifically mentions the "politically organized body... under a single government," which fits the context of government policy perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: State/Nation as a political entity.
    *   Sense 2: Territory.
    *   Sense 3: Population.
    *   Sense 4: Rural.
    *   Sense 5: Region.
    *   The context "this country needs a... policy" strongly points to the political entity.

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
    *   Sense 1: "the state has elected a new president; African nations"
    *   Sense 3: "a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation"
    *   "This country needs a policy" is more about the state/government's responsibility than the mood or the collective people.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "need" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: There are many successful schools scattered throughout this nation, some of them in the poorest of ghettos, and they are all sending us the same message. Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country <t>needs</t> a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need.

Senses:
1. definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. definition=have need of | synonyms=want, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. definition=have or feel a need for | examples=always needing friends and money

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that 'this country <t>needs</t> a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five.'"
    *   Target word: "needs"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  require as useful, just, or proper (e.g., "success usually requires hard work")
        2.  have need of (e.g., "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner")
        3.  have or feel a need for (e.g., "always needing friends and money")

    *   "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy"
    *   The country is the subject.
    *   The policy is the object.
    *   Does the country "feel" a need (Sense 3)? Not really, a country is an entity, not a sentient being with feelings.
    *   Does the country "have need of" (Sense 2)? This is similar to "require".
    *   Does the country "require as useful, just, or proper" (Sense 1)? This fits well. A policy is something that would be useful, just, or proper for the country to have.

    *   Sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper". This is often used for abstract requirements or societal needs (e.g., "The situation needs a firm hand").
    *   Sense 2: "have need of". Often used for things that are lacking or broken (e.g., "The car needs a wash").
    *   Sense 3: "have or feel a need for". Usually refers to psychological or physical desires/needs of a person.

    *   "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy"
    *   Is it a lack of something that needs fixing (Sense 2)? Yes.
    *   Is it something that is useful, just, or proper (Sense 1)? Yes.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
        *   Sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper"
        *   Sense 2: "have need of"
    *   In the context of a country needing a policy, it's about what is *necessary* or *proper* for the well-being of the society.
    *   Let's look at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "success usually requires hard work" (Hard work is useful/proper for success).
        *   Sense 2: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner" (The piano is in a state of disrepair).
    *   The country needing a policy is more like "success requires hard work" (a condition for a desired outcome) than "a piano needs a tuner" (fixing something broken), although one could argue the country is "broken". However, "useful, just, or proper" captures the essence of a policy recommendation.

    *   Sense 1: require as useful, just, or proper.
    *   Sense 2: have need of.
    *   Sense 3: have or feel a need for.
    *   "This country needs a policy" -> It is useful/proper for the country to have this policy.

    *Self-Correction:* Let's re-evaluate Sense 2. "Have need of" is very general. "Require as useful, just, or proper" is more specific to the context of a policy recommendation.

    Wait, let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 1: "It takes nerve to do what she did" (requires as useful/proper).
    Sense 2: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner" (lacks something).
    Sense 3: "always needing friends and money" (feeling a need).

    "This country needs a policy" is essentially saying a policy is required for the country's benefit (useful/proper).

    Let's check if "have need of" (Sense 2) fits better. "The country has need of a policy." It works, but Sense 1's "useful, just, or proper" is a very strong match for a political statement about a policy.

    Actually, looking at WordNet (which these senses seem to be derived from):
    - need (v) 1: require as useful, just, or proper.
    - need (v) 2: have need of.
    - need (v) 3: have or feel a need for.

    In "this country needs a policy", the country is the entity that would benefit from the policy. This is a classic use of "require as useful, just, or proper".

    Sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper"
    Sense 2: "have need of"
    Sense 3: "have or feel a need for"

    If I say "I need a drink," that's Sense 2 or 3.
    If I say "The situation needs a change," that's Sense 1.
    "This country needs a policy" is very similar to "The situation needs a change."

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the most accurate.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "policy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: There are many successful schools scattered throughout this nation, some of them in the poorest of ghettos, and they are all sending us the same message. Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development <t>policy</t> for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need.

Senses:
1. definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that 'this country needs a comprehensive child-development <t>policy</t> for children under five.'"
    *   Target word: "policy"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  A plan of action adopted by an individual or social group.
        2.  A line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government.
        3.  Written contract or certificate of insurance.

    *   The context refers to a "comprehensive child-development policy for children under five" announced by a governor.
    *   This refers to a government plan or strategy to address child development.

    *   Sense 1: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group". This fits well. A government policy is a plan of action.
    *   Sense 2: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government". This is more about the *justification* or *debate* surrounding the action, rather than the plan itself.
    *   Sense 3: "written contract or certificate of insurance". This is clearly incorrect.

    *   The phrase "comprehensive child-development policy" describes a set of goals and actions (a plan) to be implemented. This aligns best with Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "child" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: There are many successful schools scattered throughout this nation, some of them in the poorest of ghettos, and they are all sending us the same message. Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for <t>children</t> under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need.

Senses:
1. definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that 'this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for <t>children</t> under five.'"
    *   Target word: "children" (plural of child).
    *   Key phrase: "children under five".

    *   Sense 1: a young person of either sex (kid, youngster, minor). Example: "she writes books for children".
    *   Sense 2: a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age. Example: "they had three children".
    *   Sense 3: an immature childish person (baby). Example: "stop being a baby!".
    *   Sense 4: a member of a clan or tribe. Example: "the children of Israel".

    *   The context refers to "children under five" in the context of a "child-development policy".
    *   This refers to the age group (young people), not specifically their relationship to parents (offspring), their maturity level (childish person), or their tribal affiliation.
    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly: "a young person of either sex".

    *   Sense 1: Young person (Age-based).
    *   Sense 2: Offspring (Relationship-based).
    *   Sense 3: Immature person (Behavior-based).
    *   Sense 4: Clan member (Ancestry-based).
    *   "Children under five" is clearly age-based.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "development" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive <t>development</t> policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years.

Senses:
1. definition=act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining | examples=he congratulated them on their development of a plan to meet the emergency; they funded research and development
2. definition=a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage) | synonyms=evolution | examples=the development of his ideas took many years; the evolution of Greek civilization
3. definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growth, growing, maturation, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
4. definition=a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation | examples=recent developments in Iraq; what a revolting development!
5. definition=the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful | synonyms=exploitation | examples=the development of Alaskan resources; the exploitation of copper deposits
6. definition=a district that has been developed to serve some purpose | examples=such land is practical for small park developments
7. definition=a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess) | examples=after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter; in chess your should take care of your development before moving your queen
8. definition=processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible | synonyms=developing | examples=the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours
9. definition=(music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes are developed and elaborated

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that 'this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five.' A comprehensive <t>development</t> policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need."
    *   Target word: "development" (specifically in the phrase "comprehensive development policy for governors over 30").
    *   Contextual Clue: The author is playing on Gov. Clinton's phrase "child-development policy." In the first instance, "child-development" refers to the growth and maturation of children under five. In the second instance, the author sarcastically suggests a "development policy for governors over 30," implying that the governors themselves need to grow up, mature, or improve their thinking/behavior.

    *   Sense 1: Act of improving by expanding/enlarging/refining (e.g., developing a plan).
    *   Sense 2: Process of passing by degrees to a different stage (evolution, ideas).
    *   Sense 3: (Biology) Process of an individual organism growing organically (growth, maturation).
    *   Sense 4: A recent event.
    *   Sense 5: Making land/water more profitable (exploitation).
    *   Sense 6: A developed district.
    *   Sense 7: A state in which things are improving (chess, general progress).
    *   Sense 8: Processing photos.
    *   Sense 9: Music (sonata form).

    *   The phrase "child-development policy" clearly refers to Sense 3 (biological/psychological growth and maturation of children).
    *   The author's joke ("development policy for governors over 30") uses the same word "development" to create a parallel. The joke is that the governors are immature and need the kind of "development" (maturation/growth) that children do.
    *   Therefore, the sense of "development" being used here is the one related to growth and maturation.

    *   Sense 3: "(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growth, growing, maturation..."
    *   While the author is using it metaphorically/sarcastically for adults, the core meaning being referenced is the process of maturation/growth (Sense 3).

    *   Could it be Sense 2 (evolution/passing to a different stage)? Sense 2 is more about ideas or civilizations.
    *   Could it be Sense 1 (improving/refining)? While the author wants governors to improve, the specific wordplay relies on the "child-development" (maturation) concept.

    *   The term "child-development" is a standard term for the biological and psychological growth of children (Sense 3). The author is applying that same concept to adults for comedic effect.

    *   Sense 3 fits best.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "policy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development <t>policy</t> for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years.

Senses:
1. definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing educational reform and a quote from Gov. Bill Clinton about a "comprehensive child-development policy for children under five."
    *   Target word: "policy" (in the phrase "comprehensive development policy for governors over 30").
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  A plan of action adopted by an individual or social group.
        2.  A line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government.
        3.  A written contract or certificate of insurance.

    *   The text mentions Gov. Bill Clinton announcing a "comprehensive child-development policy for children under five."
    *   The author then makes a sarcastic remark: "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need."
    *   In this context, "policy" refers to a plan of action or a set of guidelines/programs implemented by a government or organization to achieve a specific goal (child development).

    *   Sense 1: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group." (Fits well. A government policy is a plan of action for a social group/society).
    *   Sense 2: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government." (This is more about the *justification* or the *debate* surrounding the action, rather than the plan itself).
    *   Sense 3: "written contract or certificate of insurance." (Clearly incorrect).

    *   The phrase "comprehensive child-development policy" refers to a program or plan of action.
    *   Sense 1 is the most accurate description of a government's plan of action.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "governor" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for <t>governors</t> over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years.

Senses:
1. definition=the head of a state government
2. definition=a control that maintains a steady speed in a machine (as by controlling the supply of fuel) | synonyms=regulator

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing educational reform, political leaders, and a "governors' conference on education." It mentions "Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas" and then makes a joke about a "comprehensive development policy for <t>governors</t> over 30."
    *   Target word: "governors" (plural of governor).
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  The head of a state government.
        2.  A control that maintains a steady speed in a machine (regulator).

    *   The text mentions "political leaders," "governors' conference on education," and "Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas."
    *   The sentence "A comprehensive development policy for <t>governors</t> over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need" is a satirical comment on the political leaders (governors of states) mentioned previously.

    *   Sense 1 (head of a state government) fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 (machine regulator) makes no sense in the context of political leaders and educational policy.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "seem" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would <t>seem</t> to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years.

Senses:
1. definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, appear | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=appear | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
3. definition=appear to exist | examples=There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now
4. definition=appear to one's own mind or opinion | examples=I seem to be misunderstood by everyone; I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would <t>seem</t> to be a more pressing need."
    *   Target word: "seem"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect (look, appear). Example: "She seems to be sleeping."
        2.  Seem to be true, probable, or apparent. Example: "It seems that he is very gifted."
        3.  Appear to exist. Example: "There seems no reason to go ahead..."
        4.  Appear to one's own mind or opinion. Example: "I seem to be misunderstood..."

    *   The author is making a sarcastic or critical point about political leaders.
    *   The sentence "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need" is an opinion/judgment.
    *   The author is suggesting that, based on the evidence (the "conventional pap" and the nature of the governors' conference), it *appears to be true* or *is apparent* that the governors themselves need development more than the children do.

    *   Sense 1 (outward aspect/look): Does it mean the policy *looks* like a pressing need visually or superficially? Not really.
    *   Sense 2 (true, probable, apparent): Does it mean it *appears to be true* or *is apparent* that such a policy is a more pressing need? Yes. This is a common way to express a reasoned (or sarcastic) conclusion.
    *   Sense 3 (appear to exist): "There seems no reason..." (This usually follows "There seems..."). The structure here is "X would seem to be Y," not "There seems to be X."
    *   Sense 4 (one's own mind/opinion): "I seem to be misunderstood." This usually involves a subjective feeling of the subject. While the author is expressing an opinion, the phrasing "would seem to be" is more about the apparent truth of the situation than a personal feeling of being misunderstood or unable to do something.

    *   "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need."
    *   This is equivalent to: "It would appear to be true that a comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 is a more pressing need."
    *   This aligns best with Sense 2: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent."

    *   Sense 1: "She seems to be sleeping" (outward appearance).
    *   Sense 2: "It seems that he is very gifted" (apparent truth/probability).
    *   The sentence in the context is a judgment on the situation, making it an apparent truth/probability in the author's view.

    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
    *   Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect"
    *   Sense 2: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent"
    *   "A policy... would seem to be a more pressing need."
    *   Is it an "outward aspect" (Sense 1) or "apparent truth" (Sense 2)?
    *   Usually, "seem to be [adjective/noun phrase]" can be either. However, "pressing need" is a quality/state of being true/probable in a given context, not a visual appearance.
    *   Comparing "She seems to be sleeping" (Sense 1) with "It seems that he is very gifted" (Sense 2).
    *   "A policy would seem to be a more pressing need" is closer to "It seems that a policy is a more pressing need."

    *   Sense 1: "This appears to be a very difficult problem." (Wait, this example is in Sense 1).
    *   If "This appears to be a very difficult problem" is Sense 1, then "A policy would seem to be a more pressing need" might also be Sense 1.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad."
    *   The difference between Sense 1 and Sense 2 in these definitions is subtle.
    *   Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" (Example: "This appears to be a very difficult problem").
    *   Sense 2: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" (Example: "It seems that he is very gifted").

    *   Wait, "This appears to be a very difficult problem" (Sense 1) and "A policy would seem to be a more pressing need" are structurally and functionally very similar.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent."
    *   Is "a more pressing need" an outward aspect or an apparent truth?
    *   Actually, "a difficult problem" (Sense 1 example) is also an apparent truth/impression.

    *   Let's look at the examples again.
    *   Sense 1: "She seems to be sleeping" (outward aspect), "This appears to be a very difficult problem" (impression).
    *   Sense 2: "It seems that he is very gifted" (probable/apparent), "It appears that the weather in California is very bad" (probable/apparent).

    *   The key difference might be the construction.
    *   Sense 1: [Subject] seems to be [Complement].
    *   Sense 2: It seems that [Clause].

    *   Let's check the context again: "A comprehensive development policy... would seem to be a more pressing need."
    *   This follows the [Subject] seems to be [Complement] structure.

    *   Wait, let me re-read the senses one more time.
    *   Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect"
    *   Sense 2: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent"

    *   If "This appears to be a very difficult problem" is Sense 1, then "A policy would seem to be a more pressing need" is almost certainly Sense 1 as well. Both describe an impression given by the situation.

    *   Let's double-check Sense 2 again. "It seems that he is very gifted." This is an impersonal construction ("It seems that...").
    *   The context sentence is "A... policy... would seem to be...". This is a personal construction.

    *   Wait, let me look at the examples for Sense 1 again: "She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem."
    *   The context sentence: "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need."
    *   This matches the structure and the "impression" aspect of Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: Subject + seem + to be + adjective/noun. (Impression/Outward aspect)
    *   Sense 2: It + seem + that + clause. (True/Probable/Apparent)
    *   Sense 3: There + seem + to be. (Exist)
    *   Sense 4: Subject (I/we) + seem + to be/do. (Own mind/opinion)

    *   Context: "A comprehensive development policy... would seem to be a more pressing need."
    *   Structure: Subject ("A comprehensive development policy...") + seem + to be + complement ("a more pressing need").
    *   This matches Sense 1.

    *   Is "a more pressing need" an "outward aspect"? Not visually, but "give a certain impression" fits.
    *   Is it "true, probable, or apparent"? Yes, but the structure matches Sense 1's examples better.

    *   Let's re-examine Sense 2's examples: "It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad." Both use the "It seems that..." construction.

    *   Let's re-examine Sense 1's examples: "She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem." Both use the "[Subject] seems to be..." construction.

    *   The context sentence "A comprehensive development policy... would seem to be a more pressing need" matches the structure of Sense 1.

    *   Wait, let me think if "would seem to be" could be Sense 2.
    *   "A policy would seem to be a more pressing need" = "It would seem that a policy is a more pressing need."
    *   While they mean the same thing, the provided senses often distinguish by usage/structure.

    *   Let's look at the definitions again.
    *   Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect"
    *   Sense 2: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent"

    *   If I say "This appears to be a very difficult problem," am I saying it *gives the impression* of being difficult (Sense 1) or that it *is apparently* difficult (Sense 2)? The example puts it in Sense 1.

    *   Therefore, "A comprehensive development policy... would seem to be a more pressing need" should also be Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "more" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a <t>more</t> pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years.

Senses:
1. definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a <t>more</t> pressing need."
    *   Target word: "more"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs (synonyms: to a greater extent; examples: more interesting, more beautiful).
        2.  Comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent (examples: he works more now; they eat more than they should).

    *   In the sentence "...a <t>more</t> pressing need," the word "more" modifies the adjective "pressing."
    *   "Pressing" is an adjective meaning urgent.
    *   "More pressing" is the comparative form of the adjective "pressing."

    *   Sense 1: "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs". This fits perfectly because "more" is being used to make "pressing" comparative.
    *   Sense 2: "comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent". This is used when "more" acts as a determiner or adverb on its own (e.g., "I want more water" or "He talks more").

    *   The word "more" is modifying the adjective "pressing."
    *   This matches Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "need" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing <t>need</t>. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years.

Senses:
1. definition=a condition requiring relief | synonyms=demand | examples=she satisfied his need for affection; God has no need of men to accomplish His work
2. definition=anything that is necessary but lacking | synonyms=want | examples=he had sufficient means to meet his simple needs; I tried to supply his wants
3. definition=the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior | synonyms=motivation, motive | examples=we did not understand his motivation; he acted with the best of motives
4. definition=a state of extreme poverty or destitution | synonyms=indigence, penury, pauperism, pauperization | examples=their indigence appalled him; a general state of need exists among the homeless

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing <t>need</t>."
    *   The sentence is a sarcastic comment on Gov. Bill Clinton's call for a "comprehensive child-development policy." The author suggests that the governors themselves (specifically those over 30) are the ones who actually require a "development policy" (meaning they lack maturity or competence).
    *   In this context, "need" refers to something that is required or necessary but is currently lacking (a "development policy" for the governors).

    *   Sense 1: "a condition requiring relief" (e.g., need for affection).
    *   Sense 2: "anything that is necessary but lacking" (e.g., simple needs, wants).
    *   Sense 3: "the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action" (motivation/motive).
    *   Sense 4: "a state of extreme poverty or destitution" (indigence).

    *   Sense 4 (poverty) is clearly wrong.
    *   Sense 3 (motivation) is clearly wrong.
    *   Sense 1 (condition requiring relief) vs. Sense 2 (anything necessary but lacking).
    *   The author is saying a "development policy" is a "pressing need." A "policy" is a thing/requirement that is lacking.
    *   Sense 1 often refers to a feeling or a state of deficiency (need for affection).
    *   Sense 2 refers to the *thing* that is necessary but lacking (e.g., "food is a basic need").
    *   In "a more pressing need," the "need" is the "comprehensive development policy." This fits Sense 2 ("anything that is necessary but lacking").

    *   "A comprehensive development policy... would seem to be a more pressing need."
    *   Is the "need" the *condition* of the governors (Sense 1) or the *policy* itself (Sense 2)?
    *   Grammatically, "A comprehensive development policy... would be a... need."
    *   This means the policy *is* the need.
    *   Sense 2: "anything that is necessary but lacking." (The policy is the thing that is necessary but lacking).
    *   Sense 1: "a condition requiring relief." (The governors' lack of development is the condition requiring relief).
    *   Since the sentence says the *policy* is the need, Sense 2 is the most accurate.

    *   Sense 1: "she satisfied his need for affection" (The need is the *desire/condition*).
    *   Sense 2: "he had sufficient means to meet his simple needs" (The needs are the *things* like food, shelter).
    *   In the context, "a comprehensive development policy" is the "need." This aligns with Sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "extend" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is <t>extending</t> the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program.

Senses:
1. definition=extend in scope or range or area | synonyms=widen, broaden | examples=The law was extended to all citizens; widen the range of applications
2. definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=run, go, pass, lead | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
3. definition=span an interval of distance, space or time | synonyms=cover, continue | examples=The war extended over five years; The period covered the turn of the century
4. definition=make available; provide | synonyms=offer | examples=extend a loan; The bank offers a good deal on new mortgages
5. definition=thrust or extend out | synonyms=exsert, stretch out, put out, hold out, stretch forth | examples=He held out his hand; point a finger
6. definition=reach outward in space | synonyms=poke out, reach out | examples=The awning extends several feet over the sidewalk
7. definition=offer verbally | synonyms=offer | examples=extend my greetings; He offered his sympathy
8. definition=extend one's limbs or muscles, or the entire body | synonyms=stretch | examples=Stretch your legs!; Extend your right arm above your head
9. definition=expand the influence of | synonyms=expand | examples=The King extended his rule to the Eastern part of the continent
10. definition=lengthen in time; cause to be or last longer | synonyms=prolong, protract, draw out | examples=We prolonged our stay; She extended her visit by another day
11. definition=extend or stretch out to a greater or the full length | synonyms=unfold, stretch, stretch out | examples=Unfold the newspaper; stretch out that piece of cloth
12. definition=cause to move at full gallop | synonyms=gallop | examples=Did you gallop the horse just now?
13. definition=open or straighten out; unbend | examples=Can we extend the legs of this dining table?
14. definition=use to the utmost; exert vigorously or to full capacity | synonyms=strain | examples=He really extended himself when he climbed Kilimanjaro; Don't strain your mind too much
15. definition=prolong the time allowed for payment of | examples=extend the loan
16. definition=continue or extend | synonyms=carry | examples=The civil war carried into the neighboring province; The disease extended into the remote mountain provinces
17. definition=increase in quantity or bulk by adding a cheaper substance | synonyms=stretch | examples=stretch the soup by adding some more cream; extend the casserole with a little rice

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is <t>extending</t> the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years."
    *   Target word: "extending"
    *   Meaning in context: The author is talking about expanding the scope of the educational system to include children younger than those currently in pre-kindergarten (or including pre-kindergarten as part of the system).

    *   Sense 1: extend in scope or range or area (widen, broaden). Example: "The law was extended to all citizens."
    *   Sense 2: stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points. Example: "Service runs all the way to Cranbury."
    *   Sense 3: span an interval of distance, space or time. Example: "The war extended over five years."
    *   Sense 4: make available; provide. Example: "extend a loan."
    *   Sense 5: thrust or extend out. Example: "He held out his hand."
    *   Sense 6: reach outward in space. Example: "The awning extends several feet over the sidewalk."
    *   Sense 7: offer verbally. Example: "extend my greetings."
    *   Sense 8: extend one's limbs or muscles. Example: "Stretch your legs!"
    *   Sense 9: expand the influence of. Example: "The King extended his rule..."
    *   Sense 10: lengthen in time. Example: "prolonged our stay."
    *   Sense 11: extend or stretch out to a greater or the full length. Example: "Unfold the newspaper."
    *   Sense 12: cause to move at full gallop.
    *   Sense 13: open or straighten out; unbend. Example: "extend the legs of this dining table."
    *   Sense 14: use to the utmost; exert vigorously. Example: "He really extended himself."
    *   Sense 15: prolong the time allowed for payment. Example: "extend the loan."
    *   Sense 16: continue or extend (carry). Example: "The disease extended into the remote mountain provinces."
    *   Sense 17: increase in quantity or bulk by adding a cheaper substance. Example: "stretch the soup."

    *   The context is about expanding the *scope* of the educational system to include a new age group (pre-kindergarten).
    *   Sense 1 ("extend in scope or range or area") fits perfectly. "The law was extended to all citizens" is very similar to "extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years."
    *   Sense 2 is more about physical distance or a range that already exists.
    *   Sense 9 is about influence/rule.
    *   Sense 16 is about spreading (like a disease or war).

    *   Sense 1: "extend in scope or range or area" -> "extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years." (Correct)


[User]
Which numbered sense of "educational" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the <t>educational</t> system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing political leaders' views on education, specifically Gov. Bill Clinton's proposal for a child-development policy for children under five. The author argues that extending the "educational system" to pre-kindergarten is essentially a child-care program, not an "educational program."
    *   Target word: "educational" (used twice: "educational system" and "educational program").
    *   Senses:
        1.  relating to the process of education (e.g., educational psychology).
        2.  providing knowledge (e.g., an educational film).

    *   "extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years"
    *   "this is a child-care program, not an educational program"

    *   Sense 1: "relating to the process of education". An "educational system" is the system *relating to* the process of education. An "educational program" (in the context of a system) is a program *relating to* the process of education.
    *   Sense 2: "providing knowledge". While an educational program *provides* knowledge, the context here is contrasting "child-care" (care/supervision) with "education" (the formal process/system of schooling). The author is talking about the *nature* of the system/program (whether it's for care or for the process of education).

    *   "Educational system" is a standard term for the system relating to education (Sense 1).
    *   "Educational program" here refers to a program designed for the process of education, as opposed to a child-care program.

    *   Sense 1 fits better because it describes the *category* or *domain* (the process/system of education) rather than the *effect* of a specific piece of media or a single activity (providing knowledge).

    *   Sense 1: relating to the process of education.
    *   Sense 2: providing knowledge.
    *   The text discusses the "educational system" and "educational program." These refer to the institutionalized process of education.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "system" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational <t>system</t> down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program.

Senses:
1. definition=instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity | examples=he bought a new stereo system; the system consists of a motor and a small computer
2. definition=a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole | synonyms=scheme | examples=a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going
3. definition=(physical chemistry) a sample of matter in which substances in different phases are in equilibrium | examples=in a static system oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface; a system generating hydrogen peroxide
4. definition=a complex of methods or rules governing behavior | synonyms=system of rules | examples=they have to operate under a system they oppose; that language has a complex system for indicating gender
5. definition=an organized structure for arranging or classifying | synonyms=arrangement, organization, organisation | examples=he changed the arrangement of the topics; the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original
6. definition=a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts | examples=the body has a system of organs for digestion
7. definition=a procedure or process for obtaining an objective | examples=they had to devise a system that did not depend on cooperation
8. definition=the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a unified whole | examples=exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system
9. definition=an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being methodical and well organized | synonyms=organization, organisation | examples=his compulsive organization was not an endearing quality; we can't do it unless we establish some system around here

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational <t>system</t> down to the pre-kindergarten years."
    *   Target word: "system" (specifically "educational system").

    *   Sense 1: Instrumentality combining artifacts (e.g., stereo system). -> No.
    *   Sense 2: A group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole (e.g., system of production and distribution). -> This fits the idea of a large-scale societal structure like education.
    *   Sense 3: Physical chemistry sample of matter. -> No.
    *   Sense 4: Complex of methods or rules governing behavior (e.g., system of rules). -> Not quite; an educational system is more than just rules.
    *   Sense 5: Organized structure for arranging or classifying. -> No.
    *   Sense 6: Physiologically or anatomically related organs. -> No.
    *   Sense 7: Procedure or process for obtaining an objective. -> No.
    *   Sense 8: The living body. -> No.
    *   Sense 9: Ordered manner/orderliness. -> No.

    *   "Educational system" refers to the organized whole of schools, teachers, administration, and policies that provide education.
    *   Sense 2: "a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole" (Example: "a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going"). This matches the scale and nature of an educational system.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit for a societal structure like the educational system.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "desirable" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether <t>desirable</t> or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Senses:
1. definition=worth having or seeking or achieving | examples=a desirable job; computer with many desirable features
2. definition=worthy of being chosen especially as a spouse | synonyms=suitable, worthy | examples=the parents found the girl suitable for their son

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Whether <t>desirable</t> or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program."
    *   The author is discussing a "comprehensive child-development policy for children under five" (extending the educational system to pre-kindergarten).
    *   The author argues that this is essentially a child-care program.
    *   The phrase "Whether desirable or not" suggests that regardless of whether this policy is *worth having*, *beneficial*, or *good*, it is fundamentally a child-care program.

    *   Sense 1: "worth having or seeking or achieving" (e.g., a desirable job).
    *   Sense 2: "worthy of being chosen especially as a spouse" (e.g., suitable for their son).

    *   The context is about a political policy/educational program.
    *   It is not about choosing a spouse.
    *   It is about whether the policy is beneficial or worth implementing.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 fits perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "program" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care <t>program</t>, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Senses:
1. definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care <t>program</t>, not an educational program."
    *   The word "program" refers to "child-care program."
    *   The context discusses a "comprehensive child-development policy for children under five" and "extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years."

    *   Sense 1: a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished (plan).
    *   Sense 2: a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need (e.g., public works, day care program).
    *   Sense 3: a radio or television show.
    *   Sense 4: a document stating the aims and principles of a political party (platform).
    *   Sense 5: an announcement of events for a theatrical/sporting event.
    *   Sense 6: an integrated course of academic studies (curriculum).
    *   Sense 7: (computer science) a sequence of instructions.
    *   Sense 8: a performance at a public presentation.

    *   The context mentions "child-care program."
    *   Sense 2 specifically lists "working mothers rely on the day care program" as an example.
    *   Sense 6 refers to academic studies (curriculum), but the text explicitly contrasts "child-care program" with "educational program" (though "educational program" might lean towards Sense 6, "child-care program" fits Sense 2 better as a service to meet a public need).
    *   Wait, let's look closer. The text says "this is a child-care program, not an educational program."
    *   A "child-care program" is a service provided to meet a public need (childcare).
    *   Sense 2: "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need." Example: "day care program." This is a perfect match.

    *   Sense 1 (Plan): Too general.
    *   Sense 2 (Public service): Fits "child-care program" and "day care program" example.
    *   Sense 6 (Academic course): The text contrasts "child-care program" *against* "educational program." While an educational program might be Sense 6, the target word is "child-care program."

Sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "educational" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an <t>educational</t> program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing political leaders' views on child-development policies. Specifically, it mentions Gov. Bill Clinton's proposal for a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. The author argues that this is essentially extending the "educational system" to pre-kindergarten years and claims, "this is a child-care program, not an <t>educational</t> program."
    *   Target word: "educational" (in "educational program").
    *   Senses:
        1.  relating to the process of education (e.g., educational psychology).
        2.  providing knowledge (e.g., an educational film).

    *   The author is contrasting a "child-care program" with an "educational program."
    *   The context discusses the "educational system" and "schooling."
    *   The author is talking about the *nature* or *category* of the program (whether it belongs to the system of education/schooling or the system of child care).
    *   Sense 1 ("relating to the process of education") fits the idea of a program that is part of the formal educational system/process.
    *   Sense 2 ("providing knowledge") refers to something that is instructive or informative (like a documentary). While an educational program *does* provide knowledge, the contrast here is between "child-care" (supervision/care) and "educational" (formal schooling/instructional system).

    *   "Educational program" in this context refers to a program designed for the purpose of education (schooling), rather than just a program that happens to be informative.
    *   Comparing "educational psychology" (Sense 1) to "educational program" (in the context of a school system) shows a strong parallel. Both relate to the field/process of education.
    *   Comparing "educational film" (Sense 2) to "educational program" (in the context of a school system) shows a difference. A film is educational because it teaches you something; a school program is educational because it is part of the educational process.

    *   The author is arguing that the policy is about child care, not about the formal process of education.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the most appropriate.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "program" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational <t>program</t>. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Senses:
1. definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational <t>program</t>."
    *   The sentence contrasts a "child-care program" with an "educational program."
    *   The preceding text discusses Gov. Bill Clinton's proposal for a "comprehensive child-development policy for children under five," which the author interprets as "extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years."

    *   Sense 1: a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished (plan).
    *   Sense 2: a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need (e.g., public works, day care program).
    *   Sense 3: a radio or television show.
    *   Sense 4: a document stating the aims and principles of a political party (platform).
    *   Sense 5: an announcement of events for a theatrical/sporting event.
    *   Sense 6: an integrated course of academic studies (curriculum).
    *   Sense 7: (computer science) a sequence of instructions.
    *   Sense 8: a performance at a public presentation.

    *   The context mentions "child-care program" and "educational program."
    *   "Child-care program" strongly aligns with Sense 2 ("a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need," example: "working mothers rely on the day care program").
    *   "Educational program" in this context refers to the structured system of schooling/education provided to children.
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 6: "an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus".
    *   The author is contrasting "child-care" (looking after children) with "educational" (teaching/schooling).
    *   Is it a "system of services" (Sense 2) or a "course of academic studies" (Sense 6)?
    *   The text says: "extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years."
    *   A "child-care program" is definitely Sense 2.
    *   An "educational program" in the context of a "system" or "policy" for children under five usually refers to the organized service/system provided to the public.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 6: "an integrated course of academic studies".
    *   The author is arguing that what is being proposed is essentially child-care (a service) rather than a formal educational curriculum/system.
    *   However, "educational program" often refers to the curriculum (Sense 6). But in the context of "child-care program" vs "educational program," it's contrasting two types of public services/systems.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "working mothers rely on the day care program". This is almost identical to "child-care program".
    *   The word <t>program</t> is "educational program".
    *   If "child-care program" is Sense 2, "educational program" in the same sentence is likely the same sense (a system of services).

    *   Sense 2: "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" (Example: "day care program").
    *   Sense 6: "an integrated course of academic studies" (Example: "program at the university").
    *   The context is about a "comprehensive child-development policy" and "extending the educational system". This sounds more like a public service/system (Sense 2) than a specific academic course of study (Sense 6).

    *   "this is a child-care program, not an educational program."
    *   Both "child-care program" and "educational program" are being used as types of public services/systems.
    *   Sense 2 fits "day care program" perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: Plan? No.
    *   Sense 3: TV show? No.
    *   Sense 4: Political platform? No.
    *   Sense 5: Event announcement? No.
    *   Sense 7: Computer code? No.
    *   Sense 8: Performance? No.
    *   Sense 2 vs Sense 6: Sense 2 is about public services (like day care). Sense 6 is about academic curricula (like a university program). The context is about a government policy for children under five. This is a public service.

    *   Sense 2: "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need"
    *   Example: "working mothers rely on the day care program"
    *   Context: "this is a child-care program, not an educational program."
    *   This matches perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "know" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We <t>know</t> that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Senses:
1. definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "We <t>know</t> that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."
    *   Target word: "know"

    *   Sense 1: be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about. (Example: I know that the President lied...)
    *   Sense 2: know how to do or perform something. (Example: She knows how to knit.)
    *   Sense 3: be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt. (Example: I know that I left the key on the table.)
    *   Sense 4: be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object. (Example: She doesn't know this composer.)
    *   Sense 5: have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations. (Example: I know the feeling!)
    *   Sense 6: accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority. (Example: The Crown Prince was acknowledged...)
    *   Sense 7: have fixed in the mind. (Example: I know Latin.)
    *   Sense 8: have sexual intercourse with. (Example: Adam knew Eve.)
    *   Sense 9: know the nature or character of. (Example: we all knew her as a big show-off.)
    *   Sense 10: be able to distinguish, recognize as being different. (Example: The child knows right from wrong.)
    *   Sense 11: perceive as familiar. (Example: I know this voice!)

    *   The sentence is: "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade..."
    *   The speaker is referring to a fact or a piece of information (the effect of early schooling on performance).
    *   This aligns closely with Sense 1 ("be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information") and Sense 3 ("be aware of the truth of something").

    *   Sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about"
    *   Sense 3: "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt"
    *   In the context of "We know that [fact about education]", it's presenting a piece of information/fact based on evidence or general knowledge.
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "I know that the President lied to the people" (Fact/Information)
        *   Sense 3: "I know that I left the key on the table" (Belief/Certainty/Truth)
    *   The context "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance..." sounds like a statement of a known fact or a piece of information derived from research/observation. This fits Sense 1 very well.

    *   Sense 1 is about possessing knowledge/information.
    *   Sense 3 is more about certainty or belief in the truth of something.
    *   The sentence "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance..." is stating a known fact/finding. This is a classic use of "know" as in "possess information about".

    *   Sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information"
    *   Context: "We know that [fact]"
    *   This is a perfect match.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "very" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that <t>very</t> early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Senses:
1. definition=used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal | synonyms=really, real, rattling | examples=she was very gifted; he played very well
2. definition=precisely so | examples=on the very next page; he expected the very opposite

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "We know that <t>very</t> early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade..."
    *   Target word: "very"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Intensifier (synonyms: really, real). Example: "she was very gifted".
        2.  Precisely so. Example: "on the very next page".

    *   The phrase is "very early exposure".
    *   "Early exposure" is the core concept.
    *   "Very" modifies "early" to indicate a high degree of earliness.
    *   Can I replace it with "really"? "We know that really early exposure..." Yes.
    *   Does it mean "precisely early"? No.

    *   Sense 1: Intensifier (really). Matches.
    *   Sense 2: Precisely so. Does not match.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "early" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very <t>early</t> exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Senses:
1. definition=at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time | examples=early morning; an early warning
2. definition=being or occurring at an early stage of development | examples=in an early stage; early forms of life
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=former, other | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. definition=very young | examples=at an early age
5. definition=of an early stage in the development of a language or literature | examples=the Early Hebrew alphabetical script is that used mainly from the 11th to the 6th centuries B.C.; Early Modern English is represented in documents printed from 1476 to 1700
6. definition=expected in the near future | examples=look for an early end to the negotiations

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "We know that very <t>early</t> exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."
    *   Target word: "early"

    *   Sense 1: At or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time. (e.g., early morning)
    *   Sense 2: Being or occurring at an early stage of development. (e.g., in an early stage; early forms of life)
    *   Sense 3: Belonging to the distant past. (e.g., early inhabitants of Europe)
    *   Sense 4: Very young. (e.g., at an early age)
    *   Sense 5: Of an early stage in the development of a language or literature. (e.g., Early Modern English)
    *   Sense 6: Expected in the near future. (e.g., early end to negotiations)

    *   The phrase is "very early exposure to schooling".
    *   This refers to exposure that happens at a young age or at the beginning of a child's developmental process/educational journey.
    *   Comparing with the senses:
        *   Sense 1 (beginning of a period/before usual time): Possible, but "early exposure" usually refers to the stage of life.
        *   Sense 2 (early stage of development): This fits well. Exposure occurring at an early stage of a child's development.
        *   Sense 3 (distant past): Incorrect.
        *   Sense 4 (very young): This describes a person (e.g., "at an early age"). "Early exposure" describes the *timing* of the exposure relative to development.
        *   Sense 5 (language/literature): Incorrect.
        *   Sense 6 (near future): Incorrect.

    *   Sense 2: "being or occurring at an early stage of development".
    *   "Early exposure to schooling" occurs at an early stage of a child's development.
    *   Sense 4: "very young". This is usually used as a predicate adjective or in phrases like "at an early age". "Early exposure" isn't saying the *exposure* is young, but that it happens *early* in development.

    *   Sense 1 is more about clock time or a sequence of events (early morning, early warning).
    *   Sense 2 is specifically about developmental stages. "Early exposure to schooling" fits the "occurring at an early stage of development" definition perfectly.

    *   Context: "very early exposure to schooling"
    *   Sense 2: "being or occurring at an early stage of development"
    *   Match: Yes.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "exposure" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early <t>exposure</t> to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Senses:
1. definition=vulnerability to the elements; to the action of heat or cold or wind or rain;  or | examples=exposure to the weather; they died from exposure
2. definition=the act of subjecting someone to an influencing experience | examples=she denounced the exposure of children to pornography
3. definition=the disclosure of something secret | examples=they feared exposure of their campaign plans
4. definition=aspect resulting from the direction a building or window faces | examples=the studio had a northern exposure
5. definition=the state of being vulnerable or exposed | synonyms=vulnerability | examples=his vulnerability to litigation; his exposure to ridicule
6. definition=the intensity of light falling on a photographic film or plate | examples=he used the wrong exposure
7. definition=a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slide; recorded by a camera on light-sensitive material | synonyms=photograph, photo, picture, pic
8. definition=the act of exposing film to light
9. definition=presentation to view in an open or public manner | examples=the exposure of his anger was shocking
10. definition=abandoning without shelter or protection (as by leaving as infant out in the open)

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "We know that very early <t>exposure</t> to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."
    *   Target word: "exposure"

    *   Sense 1: Vulnerability to elements (weather). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: The act of subjecting someone to an influencing experience. (Possible: subjecting children to schooling).
    *   Sense 3: Disclosure of something secret. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Direction a building faces. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: State of being vulnerable/exposed (e.g., to litigation). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Intensity of light on film. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: A photograph. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: Act of exposing film to light. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 9: Presentation to view in public. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 10: Abandoning without shelter. (Incorrect)

    *   The sentence says "very early exposure to schooling improves performance".
    *   This means subjecting children to the experience of schooling at a young age.
    *   Sense 2: "the act of subjecting someone to an influencing experience". This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct match.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "schooling" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to <t>schooling</t> improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of teaching at school
2. definition=the process of being formally educated at a school | synonyms=school | examples=what will you do when you finish school?
3. definition=the training of an animal (especially the training of a horse for dressage)

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "We know that very early exposure to <t>schooling</t> improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."
    *   Target word: "schooling"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  the act of teaching at school
        2.  the process of being formally educated at a school (synonym: school)
        3.  the training of an animal (especially the training of a horse for dressage)

    *   The sentence discusses "early exposure to schooling" in the context of child development, pre-kindergarten, and performance in the first grade.
    *   It refers to children attending school or receiving formal education.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of teaching at school" (Focuses on the teacher's action).
    *   Sense 2: "the process of being formally educated at a school" (Focuses on the student's experience/process).
    *   Sense 3: "the training of an animal" (Irrelevant).

    *   "Exposure to schooling" refers to the child's experience of being educated, not the act of the teacher teaching.
    *   Sense 2 fits best: "the process of being formally educated at a school".

    *   The user requested only the number of the correct sense.