[User]
Which numbered sense of "state" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their <t>state</t> shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go.

Senses:
1. definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their <t>state</t> shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go."
    *   Target word: "state" (in "state shackles").
    *   Meaning in context: The banks received financial support from the government (TARP - Troubled Asset Relief Program) and are now paying it back. "State shackles" refers to the restrictions or obligations imposed by the government.

    *   Sense 1: Territory/administrative district (province). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Condition/attributes (state of health). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: The group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state. (Possible)
    *   Sense 4: A politically organized body of people under a single government (nation/country). (Possible, but Sense 3 is more specific to the *government* as an entity acting).
    *   Sense 5: Chemistry (state of matter). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: State of depression/agitation. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Territory occupied by a nation. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: US Department of State. (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 3: "the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state" (e.g., "the state has lowered its income tax").
    *   Sense 4: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" (e.g., "the state has elected a new president").
    *   In the context of "state support" and "state shackles," it refers to the government's intervention and control. This aligns best with Sense 3 (the government as an entity/actor).

    *   "State support" = support from the government.
    *   "State shackles" = restrictions imposed by the government.
    *   Sense 3 specifically mentions the government of a sovereign state.

    *   Sense 3 is the most accurate fit for "state" when used to mean "the government."


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "shackle" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state <t>shackles</t>. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go.

Senses:
1. definition=a restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner) | synonyms=bond, hamper, trammel
2. definition=a U-shaped bar; the open end can be passed through chain links and closed with a bar

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state <t>shackles</t>."
    *   Target word: "shackles"
    *   Senses:
        1.  A restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner). Synonyms: bond, hamper, trammel.
        2.  A U-shaped bar; the open end can be passed through chain links and closed with a bar.

    *   The sentence says banks are "breaking free from their state shackles."
    *   This is a metaphorical use. The "state support" (TARP) acted as a restriction or a bond on the banks' freedom/independence.
    *   It does not refer to a physical U-shaped bar.

    *   Sense 1: Restraint that confines or restricts freedom. (Fits perfectly, even metaphorically).
    *   Sense 2: A physical U-shaped bar. (Does not fit).

    *   The correct sense is 1.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "support" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the <t>support</t> from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support.

Senses:
1. definition=the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities | examples=his support kept the family together; they gave him emotional support during difficult times
2. definition=aiding the cause or policy or interests of | examples=the president no longer has the support of his own party; they developed a scheme of mutual support
3. definition=something providing immaterial assistance to a person or cause or interest | examples=the policy found little public support; his faith was all the support he needed
4. definition=a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission | synonyms=reinforcement, reenforcement | examples=they called for artillery support
5. definition=documentary validation | synonyms=documentation | examples=his documentation of the results was excellent; the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones
6. definition=the financial means whereby one lives | synonyms=keep, livelihood, living, bread and butter, sustenance | examples=each child was expected to pay for their keep; he applied to the state for support
7. definition=supporting structure that holds up or provides a foundation | examples=the statue stood on a marble support
8. definition=the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening | synonyms=supporting | examples=he leaned against the wall for support
9. definition=a musical part (vocal or instrumental) that supports or provides background for other musical parts | synonyms=accompaniment, musical accompaniment, backup
10. definition=any device that bears the weight of another thing | examples=there was no place to attach supports for a shelf
11. definition=financial resources provided to make some project possible | synonyms=financial support, funding, backing, financial backing | examples=the foundation provided support for the experiment

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "US banks repay state support... Bank of America repaid the <t>support</t> from the bank protection fund TARP... Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support."
    *   Key phrase: "repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP".
    *   Meaning: The banks received money (financial assistance) from the government (TARP) and are now paying it back.

    *   Sense 1: Activity of providing for/maintaining (money or necessities). (General provision)
    *   Sense 2: Aiding a cause/policy/interest. (Political/ideological support)
    *   Sense 3: Immaterial assistance. (Moral/public support)
    *   Sense 4: Military operation. (Reinforcements)
    *   Sense 5: Documentary validation. (Evidence)
    *   Sense 6: Financial means whereby one lives (livelihood/sustenance). (Personal living expenses)
    *   Sense 7: Supporting structure (physical). (Foundation)
    *   Sense 8: Act of bearing weight. (Physical leaning)
    *   Sense 9: Musical part. (Accompaniment)
    *   Sense 10: Device that bears weight. (Shelf bracket)
    *   Sense 11: Financial resources provided to make some project possible (funding, backing).

    *   The context is about banks receiving money from a fund (TARP) and repaying it.
    *   This is clearly financial assistance/funding.
    *   Sense 11 specifically mentions "financial resources provided to make some project possible" and synonyms like "funding" and "financial backing".
    *   Sense 6 is about "livelihood" (how a person lives), which doesn't fit a bank.
    *   Sense 1 is more general ("providing for or maintaining").

    *   Sense 11: "financial resources provided to make some project possible | synonyms=financial support, funding, backing, financial backing".
    *   TARP (Troubled Asset Relief Program) was a program to provide financial resources to stabilize the banking system.

    *   The word "support" in "repaid the support" refers to the money provided.
    *   Sense 11 is the best fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "bank" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the <t>bank</t> protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support.

Senses:
1. definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the <t>bank</t> protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support."
    *   Target word: "bank" (in "bank protection fund TARP").

    *   1: Sloping land (river bank).
    *   2: Financial institution (depository).
    *   3: Long ridge or pile (earth bank).
    *   4: Arrangement of similar objects (bank of switches).
    *   5: Supply or stock held in reserve (e.g., blood bank, data bank).
    *   6: Gambling house funds.
    *   7: Slope in a road/track.
    *   8: Money container (piggy bank).
    *   9: Bank building.
    *   10: Aircraft maneuver.

    *   The phrase is "bank protection fund TARP".
    *   TARP stands for Troubled Asset Relief Program.
    *   The context is about "US banks" (financial institutions) repaying "state support".
    *   The "bank protection fund" is a fund designed to protect or support *banks* (financial institutions).
    *   In this specific phrase "bank protection fund", "bank" acts as a modifier describing the type of protection fund. The "banks" being protected are financial institutions.

    *   Sense 2: "a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities".
    *   Does "bank" in "bank protection fund" refer to this? Yes, it refers to the financial institutions that the fund is protecting.

    *   Sense 5 (supply/stock) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 9 (building) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 6 (gambling) doesn't fit.

    *   The word "bank" in "bank protection fund" refers to the financial institutions (Sense 2).


[User]
Which numbered sense of "protection" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank <t>protection</t> fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support.

Senses:
1. definition=the activity of protecting someone or something | examples=the witnesses demanded police protection
2. definition=a covering that is intend to protect from damage or injury | synonyms=protective covering, protective cover | examples=they had no protection from the fallout; wax provided protection for the floors
3. definition=defense against financial failure; financial independence | synonyms=security | examples=his pension gave him security in his old age; insurance provided protection against loss of wages due to illness
4. definition=the condition of being protected | synonyms=shelter | examples=they were huddled together for protection; he enjoyed a sense of peace and protection in his new home
5. definition=kindly endorsement and guidance | synonyms=auspices, aegis | examples=the tournament was held under the auspices of the city council
6. definition=the imposition of duties or quotas on imports in order to protect domestic industry against foreign competition | synonyms=trade protection | examples=he made trade protection a plank in the party platform
7. definition=payment extorted by gangsters on threat of violence | synonyms=tribute | examples=every store in the neighborhood had to pay him protection

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "US banks repay state support... Bank of America repaid the support from the bank <t>protection</t> fund TARP..."
    *   Target word: "protection"
    *   Key phrase: "bank protection fund TARP" (TARP = Troubled Asset Relief Program).

    *   Sense 1: Activity of protecting someone/something (e.g., police protection).
    *   Sense 2: Physical covering (e.g., wax for floors).
    *   Sense 3: Defense against financial failure; financial independence (e.g., pension, insurance).
    *   Sense 4: Condition of being protected/shelter (e.g., huddled for protection).
    *   Sense 5: Endorsement/guidance (e.g., under the auspices of).
    *   Sense 6: Trade protection/tariffs (e.g., duties on imports).
    *   Sense 7: Extortion money (e.g., paying gangsters).

    *   TARP was a program designed to stabilize the financial system and prevent banks from failing during the 2008 crisis.
    *   The "bank protection fund" refers to a financial mechanism to prevent failure.
    *   Sense 3 specifically mentions "defense against financial failure" and "security." This fits the context of a fund designed to protect banks from collapsing.

    *   Sense 1 (Police protection) - No.
    *   Sense 2 (Physical cover) - No.
    *   Sense 3 (Financial defense) - Yes.
    *   Sense 4 (Shelter) - No.
    *   Sense 5 (Auspices) - No.
    *   Sense 6 (Trade tariffs) - No.
    *   Sense 7 (Gangster money) - No.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "fund" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection <t>fund</t> TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support.

Senses:
1. definition=a reserve of money set aside for some purpose | synonyms=monetary fund
2. definition=a supply of something available for future use | synonyms=store, stock | examples=he brought back a large store of Cuban cigars
3. definition=a financial institution that sells shares to individuals and invests in securities issued by other companies | synonyms=investment company, investment trust, investment firm

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "US banks repay state support... Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection <t>fund</t> TARP..."
    *   Target word: "fund"
    *   Contextual clues: "repaid the support", "bank protection fund TARP", "USD 45 billion".

    *   Sense 1: "a reserve of money set aside for some purpose" (monetary fund).
    *   Sense 2: "a supply of something available for future use" (store, stock).
    *   Sense 3: "a financial institution that sells shares to individuals and invests in securities issued by other companies" (investment company).

    *   TARP (Troubled Asset Relief Program) was a program/reserve of money created by the US government to stabilize the financial system.
    *   The context describes banks repaying money they received from this "fund".
    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly: a reserve of money set aside for a specific purpose (bank protection/stabilization).
    *   Sense 2 is too general (not just any supply, but money).
    *   Sense 3 describes a specific type of business (investment firm), which TARP is not; TARP is a government program/pool of money.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "amount" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the <t>amount</t> USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support.

Senses:
1. definition=a quantity of money | synonyms=sum, sum of money, amount of money | examples=he borrowed a large sum; the amount he had in cash was insufficient
2. definition=the relative magnitude of something with reference to a criterion | examples=an adequate amount of food for four people
3. definition=how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify | synonyms=measure, quantity
4. definition=a quantity obtained by the addition of a group of numbers | synonyms=sum, total

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the <t>amount</t> USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go."
    *   Target word: "amount"
    *   Usage: "in the amount USD 45 billion" (referring to a specific sum of money).

    *   Sense 1: "a quantity of money" (synonyms: sum, sum of money, amount of money). Example: "he borrowed a large sum".
    *   Sense 2: "the relative magnitude of something with reference to a criterion". Example: "an adequate amount of food".
    *   Sense 3: "how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify" (synonyms: measure, quantity).
    *   Sense 4: "a quantity obtained by the addition of a group of numbers" (synonyms: sum, total).

    *   The context refers to "USD 45 billion", which is a specific quantity of money.
    *   Sense 1 explicitly defines "amount" as "a quantity of money".
    *   Sense 2 is about relative magnitude (not applicable).
    *   Sense 3 is a general definition of quantity (too broad, Sense 1 is more specific to money).
    *   Sense 4 is about a total resulting from addition (while 45 billion is a total, the primary meaning here is the sum of money being repaid).

    *   The phrase "in the amount [of] USD 45 billion" is a standard way to refer to a sum of money. Sense 1 fits perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "report" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to <t>reports</t> from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges.

Senses:
1. definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "And, according to <t>reports</t> from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support."
    *   Target word: "reports"
    *   Source of reports: "US broadcaster CNBC" (a news organization).
    *   Content of reports: "Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support" (news information).

    *   Sense 1: Written document describing findings (study/research). -> Not a research study.
    *   Sense 2: Act of informing by verbal report (accounts/rumors). -> "According to reports" can sometimes fit here, but CNBC is a news broadcaster.
    *   Sense 3: A short account of the news (news report, story). -> This fits perfectly. CNBC provides news reports/stories.
    *   Sense 4: Sharp explosive sound. -> Definitely not.
    *   Sense 5: Student evaluation (report card). -> Definitely not.
    *   Sense 6: Essay/assignment. -> Definitely not.
    *   Sense 7: General estimation/reputation. -> Definitely not.

    *   Sense 2 is "the act of informing by verbal report" or "account".
    *   Sense 3 is "a short account of the news" or "news report".
    *   The context mentions "US broadcaster CNBC", which is a news agency. The "reports" are news stories/broadcasts. Sense 3 is the most specific and accurate fit for news reports from a broadcaster.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "broadcaster" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US <t>broadcaster</t> CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges.

Senses:
1. definition=someone who broadcasts on radio or television
2. definition=a mechanical device for scattering something (seed or fertilizer or sand etc.) in all directions | synonyms=spreader

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "And, according to reports from US <t>broadcaster</t> CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support."
    *   Target word: "broadcaster"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  someone who broadcasts on radio or television
        2.  a mechanical device for scattering something (seed or fertilizer or sand etc.) in all directions | synonyms=spreader

    *   The word "broadcaster" refers to "CNBC".
    *   CNBC is a well-known business news television network.
    *   Therefore, "broadcaster" in this context refers to an organization/entity that broadcasts on television.

    *   Sense 1: "someone who broadcasts on radio or television" (This fits, as CNBC is a television network/broadcaster).
    *   Sense 2: "a mechanical device for scattering something..." (This does not fit).

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "state" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the <t>state</t> support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges.

Senses:
1. definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "US banks repay state support... Citigroup is also planning to repay the <t>state</t> support."
    *   Meaning: The banks are repaying money provided by the government (TARP - Troubled Asset Relief Program).
    *   Key phrase: "state support" (meaning government funding/assistance).

    *   Sense 1: Territory/administrative district (province). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Condition/attributes (state of health). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: The group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state. (Possible)
    *   Sense 4: A politically organized body of people under a single government (nation/country). (Possible, but Sense 3 is more specific to the *government* providing the support).
    *   Sense 5: State of matter (chemistry). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: State of depression/agitation. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Territory occupied by a nation. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: US Department of State. (Incorrect - TARP was Treasury, not State Department).

    *   Sense 3: "the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state"
    *   Sense 4: "a politically organized body of people under a single government"
    *   In the phrase "state support," "state" refers to the government as an entity that provides funding and imposes restrictions (like limits on bonuses). This aligns best with Sense 3 (the government).

    *   "The state has lowered its income tax" (Sense 3) is very similar to "state support" (government support).
    *   "The state has elected a new president" (Sense 4) refers more to the nation/body politic.

    *   The context is about government intervention/funding. Sense 3 specifically defines "state" as the government.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "support" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state <t>support</t>. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges.

Senses:
1. definition=the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities | examples=his support kept the family together; they gave him emotional support during difficult times
2. definition=aiding the cause or policy or interests of | examples=the president no longer has the support of his own party; they developed a scheme of mutual support
3. definition=something providing immaterial assistance to a person or cause or interest | examples=the policy found little public support; his faith was all the support he needed
4. definition=a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission | synonyms=reinforcement, reenforcement | examples=they called for artillery support
5. definition=documentary validation | synonyms=documentation | examples=his documentation of the results was excellent; the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones
6. definition=the financial means whereby one lives | synonyms=keep, livelihood, living, bread and butter, sustenance | examples=each child was expected to pay for their keep; he applied to the state for support
7. definition=supporting structure that holds up or provides a foundation | examples=the statue stood on a marble support
8. definition=the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening | synonyms=supporting | examples=he leaned against the wall for support
9. definition=a musical part (vocal or instrumental) that supports or provides background for other musical parts | synonyms=accompaniment, musical accompaniment, backup
10. definition=any device that bears the weight of another thing | examples=there was no place to attach supports for a shelf
11. definition=financial resources provided to make some project possible | synonyms=financial support, funding, backing, financial backing | examples=the foundation provided support for the experiment

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "US banks repay state support... Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP... Citigroup is also planning to repay the state <t>support</t>."
    *   Key phrases: "repay state support", "bank protection fund TARP", "repay the state support", "acceptance of the money".
    *   Meaning: The "support" refers to money provided by the government (state) to banks during a crisis, which the banks are now paying back.

    *   Sense 1: Providing for/maintaining by supplying money or necessities (general maintenance/emotional).
    *   Sense 2: Aiding a cause/policy/interest (political/ideological support).
    *   Sense 3: Immaterial assistance (public support/faith).
    *   Sense 4: Military operation (reinforcements).
    *   Sense 5: Documentary validation (evidence).
    *   Sense 6: Financial means whereby one lives (livelihood/sustenance).
    *   Sense 7: Supporting structure (physical foundation).
    *   Sense 8: Act of bearing weight (physical leaning).
    *   Sense 9: Musical part (accompaniment).
    *   Sense 10: Device that bears weight (shelf support).
    *   Sense 11: Financial resources provided to make some project possible (funding, backing).

    *   The context is about banks receiving money from a government fund (TARP) and repaying it.
    *   This is clearly financial assistance/funding.
    *   Sense 11 specifically mentions "financial resources provided to make some project possible" and synonyms like "financial support, funding, backing, financial backing".
    *   Sense 6 is about "financial means whereby one lives" (livelihood), which doesn't fit a bank's corporate bailout.
    *   Sense 1 is more about maintaining a person or family.

    *   Sense 11 fits perfectly: "financial resources provided to make some project possible" (in this case, the "project" is the stabilization of the banking system/survival of the banks).

    *   The user wants only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "institution" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The <t>institutions</t> thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans.

Senses:
1. definition=an organization founded and united for a specific purpose | synonyms=establishment
2. definition=an establishment consisting of a building or complex of buildings where an organization for the promotion of some cause is situated
3. definition=a custom that for a long time has been an important feature of some group or society | examples=the institution of marriage; the institution of slavery
4. definition=the act of starting something for the first time; introducing something new | synonyms=initiation, founding, foundation, origination, creation, innovation | examples=she looked forward to her initiation as an adult; the foundation of a new scientific society
5. definition=a hospital for mentally incompetent or unbalanced person | synonyms=mental hospital, psychiatric hospital, mental institution, mental home, insane asylum, asylum

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "US banks repay state support... The <t>institutions</t> thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions..."
    *   Target word: "institutions"
    *   Contextual clues: "US banks", "Bank of America", "Citigroup", "repay state support", "restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money".

    *   Sense 1: "an organization founded and united for a specific purpose | synonyms=establishment" (Fits: Banks are organizations).
    *   Sense 2: "an establishment consisting of a building or complex of buildings where an organization for the promotion of some cause is situated" (Doesn't fit: The text refers to the banks as entities/organizations, not specifically their buildings).
    *   Sense 3: "a custom that for a long time has been an important feature of some group or society" (Doesn't fit: Banks are not customs).
    *   Sense 4: "the act of starting something for the first time" (Doesn't fit: Not referring to the act of starting).
    *   Sense 5: "a hospital for mentally incompetent or unbalanced person" (Doesn't fit: Banks are not mental hospitals).

    *   The word "institutions" refers back to "US banks", "Bank of America", and "Citigroup".
    *   These are organizations founded for a specific purpose (banking/finance).
    *   Sense 1 is the correct match.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "restriction" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the <t>restrictions</t> going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans.

Senses:
1. definition=a principle that limits the extent of something | synonyms=limitation | examples=I am willing to accept certain restrictions on my movements
2. definition=an act of limiting or restricting (as by regulation) | synonyms=limitation
3. definition=the act of keeping something within specified bounds (by force if necessary) | synonyms=confinement | examples=the restriction of the infection to a focal area

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the <t>restrictions</t> going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges."
    *   Target word: "restrictions"
    *   Key clues: "limits on manager bonuses", "paying of high charges", "going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money".

    *   Sense 1: "a principle that limits the extent of something" (synonym: limitation). Example: "restrictions on my movements".
    *   Sense 2: "an act of limiting or restricting (as by regulation)" (synonym: limitation).
    *   Sense 3: "the act of keeping something within specified bounds (by force if necessary)" (synonym: confinement). Example: "restriction of the infection".

    *   The context refers to rules or conditions (limits on bonuses, charges) imposed by the state as a condition for financial support.
    *   These are rules/principles that limit what the banks can do.
    *   Sense 1 describes a principle/rule that limits the extent of something.
    *   Sense 2 describes the *act* of limiting.
    *   Sense 3 describes confinement/containment.

    *   "restrictions... such as the limits on manager bonuses"
    *   Are these "acts of limiting" (Sense 2) or "principles/rules that limit" (Sense 1)?
    *   Usually, when referring to the rules themselves (the limits), Sense 1 is more appropriate. Sense 2 is the process or the action of imposing the limit.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 ("a principle that limits") and Sense 2 ("an act of limiting"): The "restrictions" here are the specific conditions/rules (the limits on bonuses). This fits "a principle that limits the extent of something" better than the "act" of doing it.

    *   Sense 1: "I am willing to accept certain restrictions on my movements" (Rules/limits).
    *   Context: "restrictions... such as the limits on manager bonuses" (Rules/limits).
    *   This is a very close match.

    *   Sense 1: A rule/principle that limits.
    *   Sense 2: The act of limiting.
    *   Sense 3: Confinement.
    *   The text refers to the conditions (the rules) attached to the money. These are the restrictions.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 1 and 2.
    *   Sense 1: "a principle that limits the extent of something"
    *   Sense 2: "an act of limiting or restricting (as by regulation)"
    *   In the context of "limits on manager bonuses", these are regulations.
    *   However, "restrictions" in the plural often refers to the rules themselves (Sense 1).
    *   Let's look at the example for Sense 1: "restrictions on my movements". This is almost identical in structure to "restrictions... such as the limits on manager bonuses".

    *   Sense 1 is the most fitting.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "acceptance" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the <t>acceptance</t> of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans.

Senses:
1. definition=the mental attitude that something is believable and should be accepted as true | synonyms=credence | examples=he gave credence to the gossip; acceptance of Newtonian mechanics was unquestioned for 200 years
2. definition=the act of accepting with approval; favorable reception | synonyms=adoption, acceptation, espousal | examples=its adoption by society; the proposal found wide acceptance
3. definition=the state of being acceptable and accepted | examples=torn jeans received no acceptance at the country club
4. definition=(contract law) words signifying consent to the terms of an offer (thereby creating a contract)
5. definition=banking: a time draft drawn on and accepted by a bank | synonyms=banker's acceptance
6. definition=a disposition to tolerate or accept people or situations | synonyms=toleration, sufferance | examples=all people should practice toleration and live together in peace
7. definition=the act of taking something that is offered | examples=her acceptance of the gift encouraged him; he anticipated their acceptance of his offer

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the <t>acceptance</t> of the money..."
    *   Key phrase: "acceptance of the money".
    *   Meaning: The banks took money (state support/TARP) and now want to be free from the restrictions that came with taking that money.

    *   Sense 1: Believable/true (credence). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Approval/favorable reception (adoption). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: State of being acceptable. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Contract law consent. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Banking: a time draft (banker's acceptance). (Incorrect - while the context is banking, "acceptance of the money" here refers to the act of receiving the funds, not a specific financial instrument called an "acceptance").
    *   Sense 6: Tolerance/sufferance. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: The act of taking something that is offered. (Correct - the banks took the money offered by the state).

    *   The banks accepted (took) the money from the state support fund.
    *   This matches Sense 7: "the act of taking something that is offered".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "money" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the <t>money</t>, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans.

Senses:
1. definition=the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender | examples=we tried to collect the money he owed us
2. definition=wealth reckoned in terms of money | examples=all his money is in real estate
3. definition=the official currency issued by a government or national bank | examples=he changed his money into francs

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the <t>money</t>, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges."
    *   Target word: "money"
    *   Contextual meaning: The "money" refers to the "state support" (TARP funds) that banks received and are now repaying.

    *   Sense 1: "the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender" (General term for currency/funds).
    *   Sense 2: "wealth reckoned in terms of money" (Net worth, assets).
    *   Sense 3: "the official currency issued by a government or national bank" (Specific currency like dollars, euros, francs).

    *   The text mentions "state support," "TARP," "USD 45 billion," and "USD 19 billion."
    *   The "money" here refers to the funds/capital provided by the government to the banks.
    *   Is it "wealth reckoned in terms of money" (Sense 2)? No, it's not talking about the banks' overall wealth, but a specific sum of funds received.
    *   Is it "the official currency issued by a government" (Sense 3)? While it is USD, the focus isn't on the *type* of currency (like changing dollars to francs), but on the *funds* themselves.
    *   Is it "the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender" (Sense 1)? Yes, in the general sense of "funds" or "a sum of money."

    *   Sense 1 is the general term for money as a medium of exchange or a specific sum of it.
    *   Sense 2 is about wealth/assets.
    *   Sense 3 is about the specific currency system.
    *   The context "acceptance of the money" refers to the acceptance of the funds/capital. This fits Sense 1 best.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "limit" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the <t>limits</t> on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans.

Senses:
1. definition=the greatest possible degree of something | synonyms=bound, boundary | examples=what he did was beyond the bounds of acceptable behavior; to the limit of his ability
2. definition=final or latest limiting point | synonyms=terminus ad quem, terminal point
3. definition=as far as something can go
4. definition=the boundary of a specific area | synonyms=demarcation, demarcation line
5. definition=the mathematical value toward which a function goes as the independent variable approaches infinity | synonyms=limit point, point of accumulation
6. definition=the greatest amount of something that is possible or allowed | synonyms=limitation | examples=there are limits on the amount you can bet; it is growing rapidly with no limitation in sight

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the <t>limits</t> on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges."
    *   Target word: "limits"
    *   Contextual meaning: The banks want to remove restrictions placed on manager bonuses. These "limits" are caps or maximum allowed amounts for bonuses.

    *   Sense 1: "the greatest possible degree of something" (e.g., "beyond the bounds of acceptable behavior"). This is more about an abstract extreme or a boundary of behavior/ability.
    *   Sense 2: "final or latest limiting point" (e.g., a deadline or terminal point). Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 3: "as far as something can go". Similar to Sense 1, but more about extent.
    *   Sense 4: "the boundary of a specific area" (e.g., city limits). Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 5: "the mathematical value..." (calculus). Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 6: "the greatest amount of something that is possible or allowed" (synonym: limitation). Example: "there are limits on the amount you can bet".

    *   The context refers to "limits on manager bonuses". This means there is a maximum amount allowed for bonuses.
    *   Sense 6 specifically mentions "the greatest amount of something that is... allowed" and gives an example about betting amounts. This matches perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "manager" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on <t>manager</t> bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans.

Senses:
1. definition=someone who controls resources and expenditures | synonyms=director, managing director
2. definition=(sports) someone in charge of training an athlete or a team | synonyms=coach, handler

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on <t>manager</t> bonuses and the paying of high charges."
    *   Target word: "manager"
    *   Senses:
        1.  Someone who controls resources and expenditures (director, managing director).
        2.  Someone in charge of training an athlete or a team (coach, handler).

    *   The context discusses US banks (Bank of America, Citigroup), state support (TARP), and financial restrictions.
    *   The phrase is "limits on manager bonuses".
    *   In the context of banks and financial institutions, "manager bonuses" refers to the compensation paid to executives or people in management positions who control the bank's resources.

    *   Sense 1: "someone who controls resources and expenditures" (fits perfectly with bank executives/managers).
    *   Sense 2: "someone in charge of training an athlete or a team" (does not fit the banking context).

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "bonus" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager <t>bonuses</t> and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans.

Senses:
1. definition=anything that tends to arouse | synonyms=fillip | examples=his approval was an added fillip
2. definition=an additional payment (or other remuneration) to employees as a means of increasing output | synonyms=incentive

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager <t>bonuses</t> and the paying of high charges."
    *   Target word: "bonuses" (plural of bonus).
    *   Contextual meaning: The text discusses banks repaying state support to remove restrictions on "manager bonuses." This refers to extra payments given to managers.

    *   Sense 1: "anything that tends to arouse" (synonym: fillip). Example: "his approval was an added fillip." (This is more about a psychological boost or a positive addition).
    *   Sense 2: "an additional payment (or other remuneration) to employees as a means of increasing output" (synonym: incentive). (This refers to financial bonuses paid to employees/managers).

    *   The context "manager bonuses" clearly refers to financial payments made to managers, which aligns perfectly with Sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "charge" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high <t>charges</t>. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans.

Senses:
1. definition=an impetuous rush toward someone or something | examples=the wrestler's charge carried him past his adversary; the battle began with a cavalry charge
2. definition=(criminal law) a pleading describing some wrong or offense | synonyms=complaint | examples=he was arrested on a charge of larceny
3. definition=the price charged for some article or service | examples=the admission charge
4. definition=the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons | synonyms=electric charge | examples=the battery needed a fresh charge
5. definition=attention and management implying responsibility for safety | synonyms=care, tutelage, guardianship | examples=he is in the care of a bodyguard
6. definition=a special assignment that is given to a person or group | synonyms=mission, commission | examples=a confidential mission to London; his charge was deliver a message
7. definition=a person committed to your care | examples=the teacher led her charges across the street
8. definition=financial liabilities (such as a tax) | examples=the charges against the estate
9. definition=(psychoanalysis) the libidinal energy invested in some idea or person or object | synonyms=cathexis | examples=Freud thought of cathexis as a psychic analog of an electrical charge
10. definition=the swift release of a store of affective force | synonyms=bang, boot, rush, flush, thrill, kick | examples=they got a great bang out of it; what a boot!
11. definition=request for payment of a debt | synonyms=billing | examples=they submitted their charges at the end of each month
12. definition=a formal statement of a command or injunction to do something | synonyms=commission, direction | examples=the judge's charge to the jury
13. definition=an assertion that someone is guilty of a fault or offence | synonyms=accusation | examples=the newspaper published charges that Jones was guilty of drunken driving
14. definition=heraldry consisting of a design or image depicted on a shield | synonyms=bearing, heraldic bearing, armorial bearing
15. definition=a quantity of explosive to be set off at one time | synonyms=burster, bursting charge, explosive charge | examples=this cartridge has a powder charge of 50 grains

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high <t>charges</t>."
    *   Target word: "charges"
    *   Surrounding context: "limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges." This is in the context of banks repaying state support (TARP) to avoid restrictions.

    *   1: Impetuous rush (No)
    *   2: Criminal law pleading (No)
    *   3: Price charged for an article or service (Possible, but usually refers to a fee for a specific service)
    *   4: Electricity (No)
    *   5: Attention/management/responsibility (No)
    *   6: Special assignment (No)
    *   7: Person committed to care (No)
    *   8: Financial liabilities (such as a tax) (Possible)
    *   9: Psychoanalysis libidinal energy (No)
    *   10: Swift release of affective force (No)
    *   11: Request for payment of a debt/billing (No)
    *   12: Formal statement of command (No)
    *   13: Assertion of guilt/accusation (No)
    *   14: Heraldry design (No)
    *   15: Quantity of explosive (No)

    *   Sense 3: "the price charged for some article or service" (e.g., admission charge).
    *   Sense 8: "financial liabilities (such as a tax)" (e.g., charges against the estate).
    *   Sense 11: "request for payment of a debt" (e.g., billing).

    *   The sentence mentions "limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges."
    *   In the context of banking and corporate finance, "charges" often refers to costs, expenses, or fees.
    *   Looking at Sense 3: "the price charged for some article or service".
    *   Looking at Sense 8: "financial liabilities (such as a tax)".
    *   Looking at Sense 11: "request for payment of a debt".

    Wait, let's re-read the context. "The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions... such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges."
    Actually, in a banking context, "charges" often refers to fees paid to customers or other entities, or perhaps costs associated with the loans. However, "paying of high charges" usually means paying high fees or costs.

    Let's compare Sense 3 and Sense 8 again.
    Sense 3: "the price charged for some article or service"
    Sense 8: "financial liabilities (such as a tax)"

    If the banks are paying "high charges," they are paying high fees/costs. Sense 3 fits "fees" well. Sense 8 fits "liabilities" (like taxes or debts against an estate).

    Let's look at the phrase "paying of high charges." This sounds like paying high fees.
    Example for Sense 3: "the admission charge".
    Example for Sense 8: "the charges against the estate".

    Is there another meaning? In accounting, a "charge" can be an expense.
    Let's check if any other sense fits better.
    Sense 11 is "request for payment" (billing). That's not it.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 3 vs Sense 8.
    Sense 3 is about the *price* of a service.
    Sense 8 is about *financial liabilities*.

    In the context of "paying of high charges," it most likely refers to fees or costs. "Charges" as in "service charges" or "finance charges." This aligns more closely with Sense 3 (the price charged for a service).

    Wait, let me think about "charges" in a banking context again. Could it be "charges" as in "interest charges" or "service charges"? Yes. Those are prices for services (Sense 3).

    Let's double-check Sense 8: "financial liabilities (such as a tax)". A tax is a liability. A charge against an estate is a liability.

    If the banks are paying "high charges," they are paying high costs/fees.
    Sense 3: "the price charged for some article or service"
    Sense 8: "financial liabilities (such as a tax)"

    Actually, "charges" in the sense of "fees" is very common. "Service charges," "late charges," "finance charges." These are prices for services.

    Let's look at the sentence again: "...limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges."
    This means the government restricted how much the banks could pay their managers and how much they could pay in "charges" (likely meaning fees or expenses).

    Comparing Sense 3 and Sense 8 again:
    Sense 3: "the price charged for some article or service"
    Sense 8: "financial liabilities (such as a tax)"

    "Paying high charges" sounds more like paying high fees (Sense 3) than paying off liabilities (Sense 8).

    Let's search for "paying high charges" in a financial context. It usually refers to fees.

    Wait, let me re-read Sense 8: "financial liabilities (such as a tax)".
    And Sense 3: "the price charged for some article or service".

    If the banks are paying "charges," they are paying fees. A fee is a price for a service.

    Let's check if there's any other possibility.
    Sense 11: "request for payment of a debt" (billing). No.

    Let's consider if "charges" could mean something else here. In some contexts, "charges" can mean expenses.
    If I have to choose between 3 and 8...
    Sense 3: "the admission charge" (a fee).
    Sense 8: "the charges against the estate" (liabilities).

    "Paying high charges" -> Paying high fees.
    A fee is a price for a service.

    Let's think about the context of the TARP restrictions. The US government put restrictions on banks that took TARP money. These restrictions included limits on executive compensation (bonuses) and potentially other types of payments. "Paying of high charges" might refer to the fees the banks were paying to others or perhaps the costs they were incurring.

    Actually, looking at the phrase "paying of high charges," it's more likely to be Sense 3 (fees/prices for services).

    Let's double-check Sense 8 again. "Financial liabilities (such as a tax)". This is more like a debt or an obligation.

    Let's try to find the original source of the text. It looks like a news article.
    Searching for "limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges"
    (Searching...)
    The text seems to be from a news report about Bank of America and Citigroup.
    In many financial contexts, "charges" refers to fees.

    Let's re-examine Sense 3: "the price charged for some article or service".
    Example: "the admission charge".
    This fits "fees" perfectly.

    Let's re-examine Sense 8: "financial liabilities (such as a tax)".
    Example: "the charges against the estate".
    This is more about debts that must be paid from an asset.

    "Paying high charges" most naturally means paying high fees.

    Final check:
    Sense 3: price for service (fee)
    Sense 8: financial liability (tax/debt)
    Sense 11: request for payment (bill)

    "Paying high charges" = paying high fees.
    Sense 3 is the best fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "loan" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: US banks repay state support The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible <t>loans</t>. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units.

Senses:
1. definition=the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)
2. definition=a word borrowed from another language; e.g. `blitz' is a German word borrowed into modern English | synonyms=loanword

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible <t>loans</t>."
    *   Target word: "loans"
    *   Senses:
        1.  the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)
        2.  a word borrowed from another language (loanword)

    *   The sentence discusses Bank of America raising money (USD 19 billion) from investors.
    *   "Convertible loans" refers to a financial instrument where money is borrowed and can be converted into equity (shares).
    *   This clearly relates to money, not linguistics.

    *   Sense 1: Temporary provision of money. (Matches)
    *   Sense 2: Word borrowed from another language. (Does not match)


[User]
Which numbered sense of "rest" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The <t>rest</t> of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time.

Senses:
1. definition=something left after other parts have been taken away | synonyms=remainder, balance, residual, residue, residuum | examples=there was no remainder; he threw away the rest
2. definition=freedom from activity (work or strain or responsibility) | synonyms=ease, repose, relaxation | examples=took his repose by the swimming pool
3. definition=a pause for relaxation | synonyms=respite, relief, rest period | examples=people actually accomplish more when they take time for short rests
4. definition=a state of inaction | examples=a body will continue in a state of rest until acted upon
5. definition=euphemisms for death (based on an analogy between lying in a bed and in a tomb) | synonyms=eternal rest, sleep, eternal sleep, quietus | examples=she was laid to rest beside her husband; they had to put their family pet to sleep
6. definition=a support on which things can be put | examples=the gun was steadied on a special rest
7. definition=a musical notation indicating a silence of a specified duration

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The <t>rest</t> of the amount was taken from its own kitty..."
    *   Target word: "rest"
    *   Meaning in context: The remaining part of the total amount (USD 45 billion minus USD 19 billion).

    *   Sense 1: "something left after other parts have been taken away" (synonyms: remainder, balance).
    *   Sense 2: "freedom from activity" (synonyms: ease, repose).
    *   Sense 3: "a pause for relaxation" (synonyms: respite, relief).
    *   Sense 4: "a state of inaction".
    *   Sense 5: "euphemisms for death".
    *   Sense 6: "a support on which things can be put".
    *   Sense 7: "a musical notation indicating a silence".

    *   The context refers to a financial amount.
    *   "The rest of the amount" clearly means the remainder or balance of the money.
    *   This matches Sense 1 perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "amount" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the <t>amount</t> was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time.

Senses:
1. definition=a quantity of money | synonyms=sum, sum of money, amount of money | examples=he borrowed a large sum; the amount he had in cash was insufficient
2. definition=the relative magnitude of something with reference to a criterion | examples=an adequate amount of food for four people
3. definition=how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify | synonyms=measure, quantity
4. definition=a quantity obtained by the addition of a group of numbers | synonyms=sum, total

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion... Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the <t>amount</t> was taken from its own kitty..."
    *   Target word: "amount"
    *   Specific usage: "The rest of the amount" refers back to the "USD 45 billion" mentioned earlier.

    *   Sense 1: "a quantity of money" (synonyms: sum, sum of money).
    *   Sense 2: "the relative magnitude of something with reference to a criterion" (e.g., adequate amount of food).
    *   Sense 3: "how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify" (synonyms: measure, quantity).
    *   Sense 4: "a quantity obtained by the addition of a group of numbers" (synonyms: sum, total).

    *   The context explicitly mentions "USD 45 billion" and "USD 19 billion".
    *   "The rest of the amount" refers to the remaining portion of the money (USD 45 billion - USD 19 billion = USD 26 billion).
    *   This is clearly a quantity of money.

    *   Sense 1 is specifically about a quantity of money.
    *   Sense 3 is a general quantity.
    *   Sense 4 is a total sum (though 45 billion is a total, the phrase "the rest of the amount" refers to the money itself).
    *   Sense 1 fits best because the context is entirely about financial sums.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "sale" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The crisis-hit US major banks are breaking free from their state shackles. On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the <t>sale</t> of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time.

Senses:
1. definition=a particular instance of selling | examples=he has just made his first sale; they had to complete the sale before the banks closed
2. definition=the general activity of selling | examples=they tried to boost sales; laws limit the sale of handguns
3. definition=an occasion (usually brief) for buying at specially reduced prices | synonyms=cut-rate sale, sales event | examples=they held a sale to reduce their inventory; I got some great bargains at their annual sale
4. definition=the state of being purchasable; offered or exhibited for selling | examples=you'll find vitamin C for sale at most pharmacies; the new line of cars will soon be on sale
5. definition=an agreement (or contract) in which property is transferred from the seller (vendor) to the buyer (vendee) for a fixed price in money (paid or agreed to be paid by the buyer) | synonyms=sales agreement | examples=the salesman faxed the sales agreement to his home office

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the <t>sale</t> of business units."
    *   Target word: "sale"
    *   Meaning in context: Bank of America sold off some of its business units to raise money. This refers to the act or instance of selling those units.

    *   Sense 1: "a particular instance of selling" (e.g., "complete the sale before the banks closed").
    *   Sense 2: "the general activity of selling" (e.g., "boost sales", "limit the sale of handguns").
    *   Sense 3: "an occasion (usually brief) for buying at specially reduced prices" (e.g., "annual sale").
    *   Sense 4: "the state of being purchasable" (e.g., "for sale").
    *   Sense 5: "an agreement (or contract) in which property is transferred..." (e.g., "sales agreement").

    *   The context "sale of business units" refers to the specific act/instance of selling those units to generate cash.
    *   Sense 1 fits best: "a particular instance of selling".
    *   Sense 2 is too general (the general activity of selling).
    *   Sense 3 is about discounts/promotions.
    *   Sense 4 is about availability.
    *   Sense 5 is about the legal contract itself.

    *   "the sale of business units" = the act/instance of selling those units. This aligns with Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "bank" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: On Wednesday Bank of America repaid the support from the bank protection fund TARP in the amount USD 45 billion (nearly EUR 30 billion) in one go. And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. <t>Bank</t> head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch.

Senses:
1. definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening..."
    *   Target word: "Bank" (in "Bank head Kenneth Lewis").
    *   Surrounding context: "Bank of America", "bank protection fund TARP", "Citigroup", "financial institution", "investment bank Merrill Lynch".

    *   1: Sloping land (river bank).
    *   2: Financial institution (deposits, lending).
    *   3: Long ridge or pile (earth bank).
    *   4: Arrangement of objects (bank of switches).
    *   5: Supply/stock in reserve (blood bank, etc.).
    *   6: Gambling house funds.
    *   7: Slope in a road/track.
    *   8: Money box (piggy bank).
    *   9: Bank building.
    *   10: Aircraft maneuver.

    *   The context is clearly about Bank of America, a financial institution.
    *   "Bank head Kenneth Lewis" refers to the head of the financial institution.
    *   Sense 2 describes a "financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities".

    *   Sense 2 is the correct fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "bank" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The <t>bank</t> overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state.

Senses:
1. definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The <t>bank</t> overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch."
    *   Surrounding context mentions: "Citigroup", "Bank of America", "investors", "convertible loans", "Bank head Kenneth Lewis", "American taxpayer", "financial crisis", "investment bank Merrill Lynch".
    *   The word "bank" refers to Bank of America (mentioned in the previous sentence).

    *   1: Sloping land (river bank).
    *   2: Financial institution (deposits, lending).
    *   3: Long ridge or pile.
    *   4: Arrangement of similar objects.
    *   5: Supply or stock in reserve.
    *   6: Gambling house funds.
    *   7: Slope in a road/track.
    *   8: Money container (piggy bank).
    *   9: Bank building.
    *   10: Aircraft maneuver.

    *   The context clearly refers to a financial institution (Bank of America).
    *   Sense 2: "a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities".

    *   Sense 2 fits perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "height" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the <t>height</t> of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state.

Senses:
1. definition=the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top | synonyms=tallness
2. definition=the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development | synonyms=acme, elevation, peak, pinnacle, summit, superlative | examples=his landscapes were deemed the acme of beauty; the artist's gifts are at their acme
3. definition=(of a standing person) the distance from head to foot | synonyms=stature
4. definition=elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface | synonyms=altitude | examples=the altitude gave her a headache

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The bank overstretched at the <t>height</t> of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch."
    *   Target word: "height"

    *   Sense 1: Vertical dimension/tallness (e.g., the height of a building).
    *   Sense 2: Highest level or degree attainable; peak/pinnacle (e.g., the height of the crisis, the height of fashion).
    *   Sense 3: Stature of a person (e.g., he is 6 feet in height).
    *   Sense 4: Altitude above sea level (e.g., flying at a height of 30,000 feet).

    *   The phrase is "at the height of the financial crisis".
    *   This refers to the point in time when the financial crisis was at its most intense or severe.
    *   This matches Sense 2: "the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development".

    *   Sense 1 (tallness) - No.
    *   Sense 2 (peak/pinnacle) - Yes.
    *   Sense 3 (stature) - No.
    *   Sense 4 (altitude) - No.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "crisis" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial <t>crisis</t> by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state.

Senses:
1. definition=an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty | examples=they went bankrupt during the economic crisis
2. definition=a crucial stage or turning point in the course of something | examples=after the crisis the patient either dies or gets better

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The bank overstretched at the height of the financial <t>crisis</t> by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch."
    *   Target word: "crisis"
    *   Senses:
        1.  An unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty (e.g., economic crisis).
        2.  A crucial stage or turning point in the course of something (e.g., medical crisis).

    *   The phrase is "financial crisis".
    *   The context discusses banks (Citigroup, Bank of America), state support, repayment of money, and the takeover of Merrill Lynch.
    *   This refers to a period of extreme economic instability and danger (specifically the 2008 financial crisis).

    *   Sense 1: "an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty" (Example: "economic crisis"). This matches "financial crisis" perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a crucial stage or turning point" (Example: "after the crisis the patient either dies or gets better"). This refers to a critical juncture, often in a medical or developmental context, not a systemic economic collapse.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "investment" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the <t>investment</t> bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of investing; laying out money or capital in an enterprise with the expectation of profit | synonyms=investing
2. definition=money that is invested with an expectation of profit | synonyms=investment funds
3. definition=the commitment of something other than money (time, energy, or effort) to a project with the expectation of some worthwhile result | examples=this job calls for the investment of some hard thinking; he made an emotional investment in the work
4. definition=outer layer or covering of an organ or part or organism
5. definition=the act of putting on robes or vestments
6. definition=the ceremonial act of clothing someone in the insignia of an office; the formal promotion of a person to an office or rank | synonyms=investiture

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the <t>investment</t> bank Merrill Lynch."
    *   Target word: "investment"
    *   Phrase: "investment bank"

    *   Sense 1: The act of investing (laying out money for profit).
    *   Sense 2: Money that is invested (investment funds).
    *   Sense 3: Commitment of non-monetary resources (time, energy).
    *   Sense 4: Outer layer of an organ.
    *   Sense 5: Putting on robes.
    *   Sense 6: Ceremonial act of clothing/promotion.

    *   The phrase is "investment bank".
    *   An investment bank is a financial institution that specializes in complex financial transactions, such as underwriting, M&A, and trading securities.
    *   Looking at the senses provided:
        *   Sense 1 (the act of investing) is the closest, as an investment bank is a bank that deals with the *act of investing* (or facilitating it).
        *   Sense 2 (the money itself) doesn't fit "investment bank" as a noun modifier in the same way.
        *   Senses 3-6 are completely irrelevant.

    *   Wait, "investment bank" is a compound noun. Does "investment" here mean "the act of investing" (Sense 1) or "money that is invested" (Sense 2)?
    *   Actually, in "investment bank", "investment" describes the *type* of banking. Investment banking is the business of facilitating the *act of investing* (Sense 1).
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
        *   Sense 1: "the act of investing; laying out money or capital in an enterprise with the expectation of profit"
        *   Sense 2: "money that is invested with an expectation of profit"
    *   An investment bank is a bank that engages in the *activity* of investing/facilitating investment.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of investing" -> Investment banking.
    *   Sense 2: "money that is invested" -> "The investment grew by 10%."
    *   In "investment bank", "investment" refers to the activity/field of investing.

    *   Sense 1 is the most appropriate fit for the modifier in "investment bank".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "bank" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: And, according to reports from US broadcaster CNBC, Citigroup is also planning to repay the state support. The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment <t>bank</t> Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise cash on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state.

Senses:
1. definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment <t>bank</t> Merrill Lynch."
    *   Target word: "bank" (specifically the one referring to Merrill Lynch).
    *   Contextual clues: "investment bank", "Merrill Lynch", "financial crisis", "taking over".

    *   Sense 1: Sloping land (river bank). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Financial institution that accepts deposits and channels money into lending activities. (Correct - Merrill Lynch is a financial institution).
    *   Sense 3: Long ridge or pile. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Arrangement of similar objects in a row. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Supply or stock held in reserve. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Funds held by a gambling house. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Slope in the turn of a road. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: Container for keeping money at home (piggy bank). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 9: A building in which banking is transacted. (Incorrect - Merrill Lynch is the institution, not just the building).
    *   Sense 10: Flight maneuver. (Incorrect)

    *   Merrill Lynch is a well-known investment bank.
    *   Sense 2 describes a financial institution. While "investment bank" is a specific type of financial institution (often focusing more on capital markets than deposits), it falls under the broad category of a "financial institution that... channels the money into lending activities" or a "banking company".

    *   The target word is "bank" in "investment bank Merrill Lynch".
    *   This clearly refers to the financial institution.
    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cash" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The institutions thereby want to wiggle themselves free from the restrictions going hand-in-hand with the acceptance of the money, such as the limits on manager bonuses and the paying of high charges. Bank of America had raised some USD 19 billion from investors through convertible loans. The rest of the amount was taken from its own kitty, which was well filled through the sale of business units. Bank head Kenneth Lewis extended his express thanks to the American taxpayer on Wednesday evening: The cash injection helped over a very difficult time. The bank overstretched at the height of the financial crisis by taking over the investment bank Merrill Lynch. Citigroup also plans to raise <t>cash</t> on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state. Already on Thursday, the US bank was able to announce a capital increase of some USD 20 billion, reported CNBC with reference to circles.

Senses:
1. definition=money in the form of bills or coins | synonyms=hard cash, hard currency | examples=there is a desperate shortage of hard cash
2. definition=prompt payment for goods or services in currency or by check | synonyms=immediate payment
3. definition=United States country music singer and songwriter (1932-2003) | synonyms=Johnny Cash, John Cash

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Citigroup also plans to raise <t>cash</t> on the capital market to free itself from its liabilities with the state."
    *   Target word: "cash"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Money in the form of bills or coins (hard cash, hard currency).
        2.  Prompt payment for goods or services (immediate payment).
        3.  Johnny Cash (singer).

    *   The sentence says Citigroup plans to "raise cash on the capital market".
    *   In a financial context, "raising cash" means obtaining liquid funds (money) to pay off debts or invest.
    *   Sense 1 refers to money/currency.
    *   Sense 2 refers to the *act* of prompt payment.
    *   Sense 3 refers to a person.

    *   Does "raise cash" mean "raise prompt payment"? No.
    *   Does "raise cash" mean "raise Johnny Cash"? No.
    *   Does "raise cash" mean "raise money/funds"? Yes.

    *   Sense 1: "money in the form of bills or coins". While "raising cash" on the capital market doesn't literally mean printing bills, in general financial terminology, "cash" refers to liquid assets/money. Sense 1 is the only one that describes money as a resource.

    *   Sense 1 is the only applicable meaning here.