[User]
Which numbered sense of "candidate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential <t>candidates</t> may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Senses:
1. definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing legislators, national policy making, local benefit-seeking, and the Republican Party's difficulty in attracting "viable candidates for congressional office."
    *   Target word: "candidates" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Specific sentence: "Potential <t>candidates</t> may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."

    *   Sense 1: "a politician who is running for public office" (synonyms: campaigner, nominee).
    *   Sense 2: "someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)" (synonyms: prospect).

    *   The text mentions "congressional office," "running," "defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent," and "field a competitive slate of congressional candidates."
    *   The word "candidates" here refers specifically to people who might run for a political office (Congress).
    *   Sense 1 is specifically about politicians running for public office.
    *   Sense 2 is a general definition for anyone considered for anything (a job, a prize, etc.).

    *   While Sense 2 is technically true (a political candidate is someone considered for an office), Sense 1 is the precise definition for this specific context (political office).
    *   The context is entirely about elections, political parties, and congressional office.

    *   Sense 1: a politician who is running for public office.
    *   Sense 2: someone who is considered for something.
    *   The context is "viable candidates for congressional office" and "potential candidates may be discouraged from running." This fits Sense 1 perfectly.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "discourage" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be <t>discouraged</t> from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Senses:
1. definition=try to prevent; show opposition to | synonyms=deter | examples=We should discourage this practice among our youth
2. definition=deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged
3. definition=admonish or counsel in terms of someone's behavior | synonyms=warn, admonish, monish | examples=I warned him not to go too far; I warn you against false assumptions

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Potential candidates may be <t>discouraged</t> from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."
    *   Target word: "discouraged"

    *   Sense 1: "try to prevent; show opposition to" (synonym: deter). Example: "We should discourage this practice among our youth."
    *   Sense 2: "deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged."
    *   Sense 3: "admonish or counsel in terms of someone's behavior" (synonyms: warn, admonish). Example: "I warned him not to go too far."

    *   The sentence says potential candidates might be "discouraged from running" because of the "prospect of defeat."
    *   This means the fear of losing (prospect of defeat) makes them feel that running is not a good idea or that they lack the confidence/hope of winning.
    *   Does it mean "try to prevent" (Sense 1)? While the *result* is prevention, the *feeling* is what's being described. However, "deter" (Sense 1 synonym) is very close.
    *   Does it mean "deprive of courage or hope" (Sense 2)? Yes, the prospect of defeat takes away their confidence or hope of success.
    *   Does it mean "admonish or counsel" (Sense 3)? No, there is no one actively warning them in this specific phrase; it's the *prospect* of defeat doing the discouraging.

    *   Sense 1 (deter) often refers to an external force or rule preventing an action.
    *   Sense 2 (deprive of courage/hope) refers to the internal state of the person.
    *   In the sentence "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running...", the "prospect of defeat" is the cause. This cause makes them feel that running is futile or too risky (loss of hope/courage).
    *   Let's look at the phrasing "discouraged from [doing something]".
    *   If I say "The high price discouraged me from buying the car," it means I was deterred (Sense 1) or I lost the desire/hope of being able to afford it (Sense 2).
    *   Wait, let's re-examine Sense 1: "try to prevent; show opposition to | synonyms=deter".
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 2: "deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged".
    *   In the context of "discouraged from running," the prospect of defeat acts as a deterrent.
    *   However, "discouraged" in the sense of "losing heart" or "feeling that it's not worth it" fits Sense 2.
    *   Let's compare:
        *   "The rain discouraged us from going for a walk." (Deterred - Sense 1)
        *   "He became discouraged after failing the test three times." (Lost hope - Sense 2)
    *   In the text: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat..."
    *   This is very similar to "The rain discouraged us." The prospect of defeat is the factor that makes them not want to run.
    *   Is it "deterring" them (Sense 1) or "depriving them of hope" (Sense 2)?
    *   Usually, "discouraged from [verb-ing]" aligns with "deterred from [verb-ing]".
    *   Let's check the definitions again.
        *   Sense 1: try to prevent; show opposition to.
        *   Sense 2: deprive of courage or hope.
    *   If a candidate is "discouraged from running," they are being deterred.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: "deter".
    *   "Potential candidates may be deterred from running..." fits perfectly.
    *   "Potential candidates may be deprived of courage from running..." doesn't fit the grammar as well, although "deprived of courage" is the meaning of Sense 2.
    *   Wait, "cause to feel discouraged" is part of Sense 2.
    *   Let's look at the context again. "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat..."
    *   This means the salary is a deterrent, and the prospect of defeat is a stronger deterrent.
    *   Deterrence is Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: "try to prevent; show opposition to | synonyms=deter"
    *   Sense 2: "deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged"
    *   If someone is "discouraged from" doing something, it usually means they are deterred.
    *   Example: "High taxes discourage investment." (Sense 1)
    *   Example: "She felt discouraged by the lack of progress." (Sense 2)
    *   In the text: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running..."
    *   This is the "deter" meaning.

    *   Sense 1: Deter (prevent action).
    *   Sense 2: Dishearten (lose hope).
    *   The sentence "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running..." describes a factor (salary, prospect of defeat) that prevents them from taking the action of running. This is deterrence.

    *   Sense 1: "try to prevent; show opposition to | synonyms=deter"
    *   Sense 2: "deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged"
    *   If the prospect of defeat makes them not run, it is deterring them.
    *   If the prospect of defeat makes them feel sad/hopeless, it is disheartening them.
    *   The phrase "discouraged from running" strongly points to the action of running being prevented/deterred.

    *   "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running..."
    *   This is a classic use of "discourage" meaning "deter".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the most appropriate.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "run" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from <t>running</t> less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Senses:
1. definition=move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time | examples=Don't run--you'll be out of breath; The children ran to the store
2. definition=flee; take to one's heels; cut and run | synonyms=scat, scarper, turn tail, lam, run away, hightail it | examples=If you see this man, run!; The burglars escaped before the police showed up
3. definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=go, pass, lead, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
4. definition=direct or control; projects, businesses, etc. | synonyms=operate | examples=She is running a relief operation in the Sudan
5. definition=have a particular form | synonyms=go | examples=the story or argument runs as follows; as the saying goes...
6. definition=move along, of liquids | synonyms=flow, feed, course | examples=Water flowed into the cave; the Missouri feeds into the Mississippi
7. definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, work, operate, go | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
8. definition=change or be different within limits | synonyms=range | examples=Estimates for the losses in the earthquake range as high as $2 billion; Interest rates run from 5 to 10 percent
9. definition=run, stand, or compete for an office or a position | synonyms=campaign | examples=Who's running for treasurer this year?
10. definition=cause to emit recorded audio or video | synonyms=play | examples=They ran the tapes over and over again; I'll play you my favorite record
11. definition=move about freely and without restraint, or act as if running around in an uncontrolled way | examples=who are these people running around in the building?; She runs around telling everyone of her troubles
12. definition=have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined | synonyms=tend, be given, lean, incline | examples=She tends to be nervous before her lectures; These dresses run small
13. definition=be operating, running or functioning | examples=The car is still running--turn it off!
14. definition=change from one state to another | examples=run amok; run rogue
15. definition=cause to perform | examples=run a subject; run a process
16. definition=be affected by; be subjected to | examples=run a temperature; run a risk
17. definition=continue to exist | synonyms=prevail, persist, die hard, endure | examples=These stories die hard; The legend of Elvis endures
18. definition=occur persistently | examples=Musical talent runs in the family
19. definition=carry out a process or program, as on a computer or a machine | synonyms=execute | examples=Run the dishwasher; run a new program on the Mac
20. definition=include as the content; broadcast or publicize | synonyms=carry | examples=We ran the ad three times; This paper carries a restaurant review
21. definition=carry out | examples=run an errand
22. definition=pass over, across, or through | synonyms=guide, draw, pass | examples=He ran his eyes over her body; She ran her fingers along the carved figurine
23. definition=cause something to pass or lead somewhere | synonyms=lead | examples=Run the wire behind the cabinet
24. definition=make without a miss
25. definition=deal in illegally, such as arms or liquor | synonyms=black market
26. definition=cause an animal to move fast | examples=run the dogs
27. definition=be diffused | synonyms=bleed | examples=These dyes and colors are guaranteed not to run
28. definition=sail before the wind
29. definition=cover by running; run a certain distance | examples=She ran 10 miles that day
30. definition=extend or continue for a certain period of time | synonyms=run for | examples=The film runs 5 hours
31. definition=set animals loose to graze
32. definition=keep company | synonyms=consort | examples=the heifers run with the bulls to produce offspring
33. definition=run with the ball; in such sports as football
34. definition=travel rapidly, by any (unspecified) means | examples=Run to the store!; She always runs to Italy, because she has a lover there
35. definition=travel a route regularly | synonyms=ply | examples=Ships ply the waters near the coast
36. definition=pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals) | synonyms=hunt, hunt down, track down | examples=Goering often hunted wild boars in Poland; The dogs are running deer
37. definition=compete in a race | synonyms=race | examples=he is running the Marathon this year; let's race and see who gets there first
38. definition=progress by being changed | synonyms=move, go | examples=The speech has to go through several more drafts; run through your presentation before the meeting
39. definition=reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating | synonyms=melt, melt down | examples=melt butter; melt down gold
40. definition=come unraveled or undone as if by snagging | synonyms=ladder | examples=Her nylons were running
41. definition=become undone | synonyms=unravel | examples=the sweater unraveled

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from <t>running</t> less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."
    *   Target word: "running"
    *   Surrounding context: "Potential candidates", "discouraged from running", "congressional salary", "prospect of defeat", "Democratic opponent".

    *   The sentence discusses people who might be "candidates" for "congressional office".
    *   "Running" in this context refers to the act of campaigning for a political office.

    *   1: move fast (physical) - No.
    *   2: flee - No.
    *   3: stretch out - No.
    *   4: direct or control (business) - No.
    *   5: have a particular form - No.
    *   6: move along (liquids) - No.
    *   7: perform as expected (machine) - No.
    *   8: change/range - No.
    *   9: run, stand, or compete for an office or a position | synonyms=campaign | examples=Who's running for treasurer this year? - **Yes.**
    *   10: emit audio/video - No.
    *   11: move about freely - No.
    *   12: tendency/disposition - No.
    *   13: operating/functioning - No.
    *   14: change state - No.
    *   15: cause to perform - No.
    *   16: be affected by - No.
    *   17: continue to exist - No.
    *   18: occur persistently - No.
    *   19: carry out process (computer) - No.
    *   20: include as content (broadcast) - No.
    *   21: carry out (errand) - No.
    *   22: pass over/across - No.
    *   23: cause to pass/lead - No.
    *   24: make without a miss - No.
    *   25: deal illegally - No.
    *   26: cause animal to move fast - No.
    *   27: be diffused (dye) - No.
    *   28: sail before wind - No.
    *   29: cover by running - No.
    *   30: extend for time - No.
    *   31: set animals loose - No.
    *   32: keep company - No.
    *   33: run with ball - No.
    *   34: travel rapidly - No.
    *   35: travel route regularly - No.
    *   36: pursue for food/sport - No.
    *   37: compete in a race - No.
    *   38: progress by being changed - No.
    *   39: melt - No.
    *   40: unravel (nylons) - No.
    *   41: become undone - No.

    *   Sense 9: "run, stand, or compete for an office or a position | synonyms=campaign | examples=Who's running for treasurer this year?"
    *   This matches the context perfectly ("Potential candidates may be discouraged from running...").


[User]
Which numbered sense of "prospect" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the <t>prospect</t> of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Senses:
1. definition=the possibility of future success | synonyms=chance | examples=his prospects as a writer are excellent
2. definition=belief about (or mental picture of) the future | synonyms=expectation, outlook
3. definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=candidate
4. definition=the visual percept of a region | synonyms=view, aspect, scene, vista, panorama | examples=the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views
5. definition=a prediction of the course of a disease | synonyms=prognosis, medical prognosis

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the <t>prospect</t> of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."
    *   Target word: "prospect"

    *   Sense 1: the possibility of future success (synonym: chance).
    *   Sense 2: belief about (or mental picture of) the future (synonyms: expectation, outlook).
    *   Sense 3: someone who is considered for something (synonym: candidate).
    *   Sense 4: the visual percept of a region (synonyms: view, aspect, scene, vista, panorama).
    *   Sense 5: a prediction of the course of a disease (synonyms: prognosis, medical prognosis).

    *   The sentence says candidates are discouraged by the "prospect of defeat".
    *   "Prospect of defeat" means the possibility or expectation that they will be defeated in the future.
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 2.
        *   Sense 1: "possibility of future success". Defeat is not success.
        *   Sense 2: "belief about (or mental picture of) the future" / "expectation, outlook". The "prospect of defeat" is the expectation or mental picture of being defeated.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 1. "the possibility of future success". If the word is "prospect of defeat", it's the possibility of a future *outcome* (though not a successful one).
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "belief about (or mental picture of) the future". This fits "prospect of defeat" well.
    *   Let's check if "prospect" in "prospect of [something bad]" usually maps to Sense 2.
    *   Example: "the prospect of war", "the prospect of failure". These are expectations or possibilities of future events.
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "success". Defeat is the opposite of success.
    *   Sense 2 is more general: "belief about (or mental picture of) the future".

    *   Sense 1: possibility of future success. (Doesn't fit "defeat").
    *   Sense 2: belief about (or mental picture of) the future. (Fits "defeat").
    *   Sense 3: candidate. (Doesn't fit).
    *   Sense 4: view. (Doesn't fit).
    *   Sense 5: medical prognosis. (Doesn't fit).

    *   "the prospect of defeat" = the expectation or possibility that defeat will happen.
    *   Sense 2: "belief about (or mental picture of) the future". This is the most accurate fit among the choices.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "defeat" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of <t>defeat</t> at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Senses:
1. definition=an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest | synonyms=licking | examples=it was a narrow defeat; the army's only defeat
2. definition=the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals | synonyms=frustration

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing legislators, election security, and the risk of losing office.
    *   Target word: "defeat" (specifically the one marked `<t>defeat</t>`).
    *   Sentence: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of <t>defeat</t> at the hands of a Democratic opponent."

    *   Sense 1: "an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest" (e.g., losing an election).
    *   Sense 2: "the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals" (e.g., feeling defeated/frustrated).

    *   The context is about running for congressional office.
    *   "Defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent" refers to losing the election.
    *   Losing an election is an "unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest."
    *   It is not referring to the *feeling* of frustration, but the *event* of losing the race.

    *   Sense 1 matches perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "democratic" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a <t>Democratic</t> opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Senses:
1. definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the prospect of defeat at the hands of a <t>Democratic</t> opponent."
    *   The sentence discusses the Republican Party's difficulty in attracting candidates and the fear of defeat by a "Democratic opponent."
    *   The context explicitly mentions the "Republican Party" and "Democratic opponent," indicating a political party context.

    *   Sense 1: characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality (e.g., democratic government).
    *   Sense 2: belong to or relating to the Democratic Party (e.g., Democratic senator).
    *   Sense 3: representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large (e.g., democratic art forms).

    *   The word "Democratic" in "Democratic opponent" refers to a member of the Democratic Party, especially since it's contrasted with the "Republican Party."
    *   This matches Sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "opponent" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic <t>opponent</t>. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Senses:
1. definition=a contestant that you are matched against | synonyms=opposition, opposite
2. definition=someone who offers opposition | synonyms=adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage about legislators, election security, and the Republican Party's difficulty in attracting candidates.
    *   Target word: "opponent" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Specific phrase: "...the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic <t>opponent</t>."
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  `a contestant that you are matched against` (synonyms: opposition, opposite)
        2.  `someone who offers opposition` (synonyms: adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister)

    *   The context is about running for congressional office.
    *   A "Democratic opponent" in an election is someone running against the Republican candidate for the same seat.
    *   This is a competitive match (an election).

    *   Sense 1: "a contestant that you are matched against". This fits perfectly with an election scenario where two or more candidates compete for one position.
    *   Sense 2: "someone who offers opposition". While technically true (an opponent in an election opposes the other candidate), this sense is broader and often refers to general opposition (e.g., an opponent of a new law, a political adversary in a general sense).

    *   In the context of a specific race/contest (like a congressional election), the person you are running against is primarily a "contestant" or "competitor".
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "contestant" and "matched against", which aligns with the structure of an election.
    *   Sense 2 is more about the act of opposing.

    *   Wait, let me look closer at the nuances.
    *   Sense 1: Contestant in a match.
    *   Sense 2: Someone who offers opposition.
    *   In an election, the other candidate is the "opponent". Is an election a "match"? Yes, in a broad sense.
    *   Is the other candidate "someone who offers opposition"? Yes.
    *   Usually, in these types of NLP tasks (like WordNet-based sense disambiguation), "opponent" in a sports or election context is mapped to the "contestant" sense.

    *   "defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent"
    *   This implies a direct competition for a specific prize (the office).
    *   Sense 1: "a contestant that you are matched against".
    *   Sense 2: "someone who offers opposition".
    *   If I say "He is an opponent of the death penalty," that's Sense 2.
    *   If I say "He defeated his opponent in the final round," that's Sense 1.
    *   The context "defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent" mirrors the "defeated his opponent" structure.

    *   Sense 1 is the most precise fit for a political candidate in an election.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "extent" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the <t>extent</t> that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Senses:
1. definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "To the <t>extent</t> that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered..."
    *   Target word: "extent"
    *   Senses:
        1.  the point or degree to which something extends (e.g., extent of damage, full extent of the law).
        2.  the distance or area or volume over which something extends (e.g., vast extent of the desert).

    *   The phrase "To the extent that..." is a common idiom meaning "to the degree that" or "insofar as".
    *   In this sentence, it refers to the *degree* to which candidates and backers realize something. It is not referring to a physical distance, area, or volume.

    *   Sense 1: "the point or degree to which something extends" -> Matches "degree to which they realize".
    *   Sense 2: "the distance or area or volume over which something extends" -> Does not match.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "potential" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that <t>potential</t> Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Senses:
1. definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=possible | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power
2. definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | synonyms=likely | examples=potential clients

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running... To the extent that <t>potential</t> Republican candidates and their financial backers realize..."
    *   Target word: "potential"
    *   Senses:
        1.  existing in possibility (possible) - e.g., a potential problem.
        2.  expected to become or be; in prospect (likely) - e.g., potential clients.

    *   The text discusses "potential candidates" for congressional office.
    *   These are people who *could* run for office (they are possible candidates) or are *expected/likely* to become candidates.
    *   In the context of "potential clients" (Sense 2), it refers to people who are not yet clients but are likely to become so.
    *   Similarly, "potential candidates" are people who are not yet candidates but could/might become candidates.

    *   Sense 1: "existing in possibility" (e.g., a potential problem). This is more about a state or a thing that *could* happen.
    *   Sense 2: "expected to become or be; in prospect" (e.g., potential clients). This is specifically used for people or things that are likely to transition into a certain role or status.

    *   "Potential candidates" fits the pattern of "potential clients" perfectly. They are people who are in the prospect of becoming candidates.

    *   Sense 1 is more general (possibility).
    *   Sense 2 is more specific to people/things that may become something in the future (prospect).
    *   "Potential candidates" = people who might become candidates. This aligns with "potential clients".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "candidate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican <t>candidates</t> and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Senses:
1. definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing congressional elections, incumbents, freshman Republicans, and the difficulty of attracting "viable candidates for congressional office."
    *   Target word: `<t>candidates</t>` in the sentence: "To the extent that potential Republican <t>candidates</t> and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage..."
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  a politician who is running for public office (synonyms: campaigner, nominee).
        2.  someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) (synonyms: prospect).

    *   The text mentions "congressional office," "running for re-election," "Republican Party," "Democratic opponent," and "field a competitive slate of congressional candidates."
    *   The specific sentence refers to "potential Republican candidates" who might be "discouraged from running."
    *   These people are being considered for public office (specifically, congressional office).

    *   Sense 1: "a politician who is running for public office."
    *   Sense 2: "someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)."

    *   While Sense 2 is a broader definition that *includes* political candidates, Sense 1 is the specific definition for someone running for public office.
    *   The context is explicitly about political elections for the House of Representatives (congressional office).
    *   "Potential candidates" in this context are people who might run for public office.
    *   Usually, in these types of NLP tasks (like Word Sense Disambiguation), the most specific correct sense is preferred.
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "politician" and "public office."
    *   Sense 2 is more general ("something," "prize or honor").

    *   The text says "attracting viable candidates for congressional office."
    *   "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running..."
    *   This fits perfectly with Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: Politician running for public office.
    *   Sense 2: Someone considered for something.
    *   The context is clearly about political candidates.

    *   Wait, let me look closer at Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
    *   Sense 1: "a politician who is running for public office"
    *   Sense 2: "someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)"
    *   The text says "potential Republican candidates." A "potential" candidate might not be "running" yet (they are being considered or considering running).
    *   However, the term "candidate" in the context of "congressional office" almost always maps to the political definition.
    *   Let's re-read: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running... To the extent that potential Republican candidates... realize..."
    *   If they are "potential candidates," they are people who *could* run for public office.
    *   Sense 1 is specifically about the political context. Sense 2 is the general definition.
    *   In most dictionary hierarchies, Sense 1 is a hyponym of Sense 2.
    *   Given the options, Sense 1 is the most precise fit for "congressional office."

    *   Sense 1: Politician running for public office.
    *   Sense 2: Someone considered for something.
    *   The context is entirely about politics and elections. Sense 1 is the specific political meaning.

    *   Is a "potential candidate" a "politician who is running"? Not necessarily *yet*, but they are candidates *for public office*.
    *   Sense 1: "a politician who is running for public office"
    *   Sense 2: "someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)"
    *   Actually, looking at the phrasing "potential Republican candidates," they are people who are being considered (by themselves or the party) for the office.
    *   But "candidate for congressional office" is the quintessential example of Sense 1.

    *   Let's compare:
        *   "He is a candidate for the job" -> Sense 2.
        *   "He is a candidate for the Senate" -> Sense 1.
    *   The context is "candidates for congressional office." This is definitely Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "realize" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers <t>realize</t> that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Senses:
1. definition=be fully aware or cognizant of | synonyms=recognize, recognise, realise, agnize, agnise
2. definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realise, see | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point
3. definition=make real or concrete; give reality or substance to | synonyms=realise, actualize, actualise, substantiate | examples=our ideas must be substantiated into actions
4. definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, make, earn, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
5. definition=convert into cash; of goods and property | synonyms=realise
6. definition=expand or complete (a part in a piece of baroque music) by supplying the harmonies indicated in the figured bass | synonyms=realise

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers <t>realize</t> that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered..."
    *   Target word: "realize"

    *   Sense 1: be fully aware or cognizant of (recognize, recognise).
    *   Sense 2: perceive (an idea or situation) mentally (understand, see).
    *   Sense 3: make real or concrete (actualize).
    *   Sense 4: earn money (gain, make).
    *   Sense 5: convert into cash.
    *   Sense 6: expand/complete baroque music.

    *   The sentence says: "To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers *realize* that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage..."
    *   In this context, "realize" means they become aware of the fact or understand the situation.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
        *   Sense 1: "be fully aware or cognizant of"
        *   Sense 2: "perceive (an idea or situation) mentally" (synonyms: understand, see).
    *   Often, "realize" in the sense of "becoming aware of a fact" fits Sense 1. Let's look closer.
    *   "Realize that [clause]" usually means becoming aware of a truth or fact.
    *   Sense 1: "be fully aware or cognizant of" (e.g., "I realize that I'm late").
    *   Sense 2: "perceive (an idea or situation) mentally" (e.g., "I can't see/realize your point").
    *   In the context "realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage", it means they are aware of this fact.

    *   Sense 1 is "be fully aware or cognizant of".
    *   Sense 2 is "perceive (an idea or situation) mentally" (synonyms: understand, see).
    *   Usually, "realize that..." is a classic example of Sense 1 (becoming aware of a fact). Sense 2 is more about understanding a concept or a point of view.
    *   Let's re-read: "To the extent that [they] realize that [fact]..."
    *   This is a state of awareness.

    *   Sense 1: be fully aware or cognizant of.
    *   Sense 2: perceive (an idea or situation) mentally.
    *   Actually, in many dictionaries, these are very close. However, "realize that..." is almost always "become aware of".
    *   Let's check the synonyms for Sense 1: recognize, recognise.
    *   Let's check the synonyms for Sense 2: understand, see.
    *   "Realize that the game works to their disadvantage" = "Are aware that the game works to their disadvantage."

    *   Sense 1: be fully aware or cognizant of.
    *   Sense 2: perceive (an idea or situation) mentally.
    *   If I say "I realize that I forgot my keys," that's Sense 1.
    *   If I say "I can't realize/see your point," that's Sense 2.
    *   The context "realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage" is more like "be aware of the fact".

    *   Sense 1 fits best.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "work" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game <t>works</t> to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Senses:
1. definition=exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity | examples=I will work hard to improve my grades; she worked hard for better living conditions for the poor
2. definition=be employed | synonyms=do work | examples=Is your husband working again?; My wife never worked
3. definition=have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected | synonyms=act | examples=The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought; How does your idea work in practice?
4. definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, operate, go, run | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
5. definition=shape, form, or improve a material | synonyms=work on, process | examples=work stone into tools; process iron
6. definition=give a workout to | synonyms=exercise, work out | examples=Some parents exercise their infants; My personal trainer works me hard
7. definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=make | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
8. definition=operate in a certain place, area, or specialty | examples=She works the night clubs; The salesman works the Midwest
9. definition=proceed towards a goal or along a path or through an activity | examples=work your way through every problem or task; She was working on her second martini when the guests arrived
10. definition=move in an agitated manner | examples=His fingers worked with tension
11. definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | synonyms=bring, play, wreak, make for | examples=I cannot work a miracle; wreak havoc
12. definition=cause to work | synonyms=put to work | examples=he is working his servants hard
13. definition=prepare for crops | synonyms=cultivate, crop | examples=Work the soil; cultivate the land
14. definition=behave in a certain way when handled | examples=This dough does not work easily; The soft metal works well
15. definition=have and exert influence or effect | synonyms=influence, act upon | examples=The artist's work influenced the young painter; She worked on her friends to support the political candidate
16. definition=operate in or through | examples=Work the phones
17. definition=cause to operate or function | examples=This pilot works the controls; Can you work an electric drill?
18. definition=provoke or excite | examples=The rock musician worked the crowd of young girls into a frenzy
19. definition=gratify and charm, usually in order to influence | examples=the political candidate worked the crowds
20. definition=make something, usually for a specific function | synonyms=shape, form, mold, mould, forge | examples=She molded the rice balls carefully; Form cylinders from the dough
21. definition=move into or onto | examples=work the raisins into the dough; the student worked a few jokes into his presentation
22. definition=make uniform | synonyms=knead | examples=knead dough; work the clay until it is soft
23. definition=use or manipulate to one's advantage | synonyms=exploit | examples=He exploit the new taxation system; She knows how to work the system
24. definition=find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of | synonyms=solve, work out, figure out, puzzle out, lick | examples=did you solve the problem?; Work out your problems with the boss
25. definition=cause to undergo fermentation | synonyms=ferment | examples=We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content; The vintner worked the wine in big oak vats
26. definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, turn, ferment | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
27. definition=arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion | examples=The stitches of the hem worked loose after she wore the skirt many times

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the congressional prisoner's dilemma game <t>works</t> to their disadvantage..."
    *   Target word: "works"
    *   Meaning in context: The "prisoner's dilemma game" (a theoretical model/scenario) operates or has an effect that results in a disadvantage for the candidates/backers.

    *   1: Exert oneself (mental/physical work) - No.
    *   2: Be employed - No.
    *   3: Have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected (Synonyms: act) - Example: "The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought; How does your idea work in practice?" - This fits well. The "game" (the situation/mechanism) has a specific outcome (disadvantage).
    *   4: Perform as expected when applied (Synonyms: function, operate, go, run) - Example: "The washing machine won't go..." - This is more about mechanical function.
    *   5: Shape/form material - No.
    *   6: Give a workout to - No.
    *   7: Proceed along a path - No.
    *   8: Operate in a certain place/area - No.
    *   9: Proceed towards a goal - No.
    *   10: Move in an agitated manner - No.
    *   11: Cause to happen - No.
    *   12: Cause to work - No.
    *   13: Prepare for crops - No.
    *   14: Behave in a certain way when handled - No.
    *   15: Have and exert influence or effect - Example: "The artist's work influenced..." - This is usually transitive ("work on someone").
    *   16: Operate in or through - No.
    *   17: Cause to operate or function - No.
    *   18: Provoke or excite - No.
    *   19: Gratify and charm - No.
    *   20: Make something - No.
    *   21: Move into or onto - No.
    *   22: Make uniform - No.
    *   23: Use or manipulate to one's advantage (exploit) - No, the game isn't being manipulated; it's the *way* it operates.
    *   24: Find the solution to - No.
    *   25: Fermentation - No.
    *   26: Go sour - No.
    *   27: Arrive at a condition through motion - No.

    *   Sense 3: "have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected"
    *   Sense 4: "perform as expected when applied" (function, operate)

    In the phrase "the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage," the "game" is a conceptual model. When a model or a system "works" in a certain way (to someone's advantage or disadvantage), it means it produces that specific outcome or effect.

    Comparing Sense 3 and Sense 4:
    Sense 3: "The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought" (outcome/effect).
    Sense 4: "The washing machine won't go" (mechanical function).

    The "prisoner's dilemma game" is not a machine; it's a set of circumstances or a theoretical mechanism. Therefore, "works to their disadvantage" describes the *outcome* or *effect* of the situation.

    Sense 3 fits best.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "hinder" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be <t>hindered</t> in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Senses:
1. definition=be a hindrance or obstacle to | synonyms=impede | examples=She is impeding the progress of our project
2. definition=hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of | synonyms=obstruct, blockade, block, stymie, stymy, embarrass | examples=His brother blocked him at every turn
3. definition=put at a disadvantage | synonyms=handicap, hamper | examples=The brace I have to wear is hindering my movements

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the Republican Party will be <t>hindered</t> in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates."
    *   Meaning: The Republican Party will face obstacles or be made less successful in its efforts to find and run competitive candidates.

    *   Sense 1: "be a hindrance or obstacle to" (impede). Example: "She is impeding the progress of our project." (Focuses on the *agent* being the obstacle).
    *   Sense 2: "hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of" (obstruct, blockade, block, stymie). Example: "His brother blocked him at every turn." (Focuses on the *action* of blocking/preventing).
    *   Sense 3: "put at a disadvantage" (handicap, hamper). Example: "The brace I have to wear is hindering my movements." (Focuses on being *hampered* or *disadvantaged* in an activity).

    *   The sentence says the party "will be hindered in its attempts".
    *   This means their attempts are being made more difficult or they are being put at a disadvantage.
    *   Comparing Sense 1, 2, and 3:
        *   Sense 1 is often used as "X hinders Y" (X is the obstacle). Here, the party is the one *being* hindered.
        *   Sense 2 is about blocking or preventing progress.
        *   Sense 3 is about being put at a disadvantage or hampered.

    *   Wait, let's look closer at the definitions provided.
        *   Sense 1: "be a hindrance or obstacle to" (impede).
        *   Sense 2: "hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of" (obstruct).
        *   Sense 3: "put at a disadvantage" (handicap, hamper).

    *   In the context "the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts", the party is the object of the hindering.
    *   If we say "The prisoner's dilemma game hinders the party", the game is the obstacle (Sense 1 or 2).
    *   If we say "The party is hindered", it means they are hampered or put at a disadvantage in their efforts.

    *   Let's re-evaluate the senses based on the provided examples:
        *   Sense 1: "She is impeding the progress..." (Active: She = obstacle).
        *   Sense 2: "His brother blocked him..." (Active: Brother = blocker).
        *   Sense 3: "The brace... is hindering my movements." (The brace puts the person at a disadvantage/hampers them).

    *   In the text: "...the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts..."
    *   This is a passive construction. "The Republican Party will be [put at a disadvantage/hampered] in its attempts."
    *   Sense 3 ("put at a disadvantage", "hamper") fits best because the party's ability to act is being hampered/handicapped by the situation (the prisoner's dilemma game).

    *   Sense 1: be a hindrance (The party isn't the hindrance; it's the one being hindered).
    *   Sense 2: prevent progress (The party's progress is being hindered).
    *   Sense 3: put at a disadvantage (The party is put at a disadvantage in its attempts).

    Actually, looking at the synonyms:
    Sense 1: impede
    Sense 2: obstruct, block, stymie
    Sense 3: handicap, hamper

    "The Republican Party will be hampered in its attempts" sounds very natural.
    "The Republican Party will be impeded in its attempts" also sounds natural.
    "The Republican Party will be obstructed in its attempts" sounds slightly less natural but possible.

    Let's look at the nuance again.
    Sense 1: "be a hindrance or obstacle to" -> "The game is a hindrance to the party."
    Sense 2: "hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of" -> "The game hinders the party's attempts."
    Sense 3: "put at a disadvantage" -> "The party is hindered (put at a disadvantage) in its attempts."

    The sentence is "the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts".
    This means the party is the one experiencing the hindrance.
    Sense 3 specifically mentions "put at a disadvantage" and "hamper".
    Sense 2 is "hinder or prevent the progress".

    Wait, if the party is "hindered in its attempts", it means its progress/accomplishment is being hindered. That points to Sense 2.
    But if the party itself is "hindered", it means it's being hampered. That points to Sense 3.

    Let's re-read: "the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate..."
    This means the *attempts* are being hindered.
    If the *attempts* are being hindered, that's Sense 2 ("hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of").
    If the *party* is being hindered, that's Sense 3 ("put at a disadvantage").

    The sentence is "the Republican Party will be hindered".
    The phrase "in its attempts" modifies how they are hindered.
    So, the party is being put at a disadvantage (Sense 3) in its attempts.

    Let's check Sense 2 again: "hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of". If the party is the object, it means the party's progress is being prevented.

    Let's compare:
    - "The party was hindered by the rules." (Sense 3: put at a disadvantage)
    - "The rules hindered the party's progress." (Sense 2: prevent progress)

    In the text: "the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts".
    This is passive. "The Republican Party will be [put at a disadvantage/hampered] in its attempts."

    Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 1: "She is impeding the progress..." (She = hindrance)
    Sense 2: "His brother blocked him..." (Brother = blocker)
    Sense 3: "The brace... is hindering my movements." (Brace = thing putting at a disadvantage)

    In the text, the "prisoner's dilemma game" is the thing doing the hindering.
    "To the extent that [they] realize that the [game] works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered..."

    The game puts the party at a disadvantage.
    Therefore, the party is hindered (put at a disadvantage).

    Sense 3 seems the most precise fit for "the party will be hindered in its attempts".

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 2. "hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of".
    If the party is the object: "The game hinders the party." (Does it hinder the party's progress or the party itself?)
    Usually, you hinder a *process* or a *person*.
    If you hinder a person, you are putting them at a disadvantage or hampering them.

    Let's try substituting the synonyms:
    1. The Republican Party will be [an obstacle] in its attempts. (Incorrect)
    2. The Republican Party will be [obstructed/blocked] in its attempts. (Possible)
    3. The Republican Party will be [handicapped/hampered] in its attempts. (Very likely)

    "Hampered in its attempts" is a very common collocation. "Obstructed in its attempts" is also possible, but "hampered" or "handicapped" fits the context of a strategic disadvantage (the prisoner's dilemma) better than a physical or direct blockade.

    Sense 3: "put at a disadvantage" | synonyms=handicap, hamper.
    The context is about a "prisoner's dilemma game" working to their "disadvantage".
    This strongly links to the definition of Sense 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "attempt" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its <t>attempts</t> to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Senses:
1. definition=earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something | synonyms=effort, endeavor, endeavour, try | examples=made an effort to cover all the reading material; wished him luck in his endeavor
2. definition=the act of attacking | synonyms=attack | examples=attacks on women increased last year; they made an attempt on his life

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the Republican Party will be hindered in its <t>attempts</t> to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates."
    *   Target word: "attempts"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something (effort, endeavor, try).
        2.  The act of attacking (attack).

    *   The sentence discusses the Republican Party trying to "field a competitive slate of congressional candidates."
    *   "Fielding a slate of candidates" means putting forward or recruiting people to run for office.
    *   The "attempts" here refer to the party's efforts or endeavors to get these candidates.

    *   Sense 1: Effort/endeavor to accomplish something. (Fits perfectly: the party is trying to accomplish the goal of fielding candidates).
    *   Sense 2: An attack. (Does not fit: the party is not attacking the candidates; they are trying to recruit them).

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "slate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive <t>slate</t> of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Senses:
1. definition=(formerly) a writing tablet made of slate
2. definition=thin layers of rock used for roofing | synonyms=slating
3. definition=a fine-grained metamorphic rock that can be split into thin layers
4. definition=a list of candidates nominated by a political party to run for election to public offices | synonyms=ticket

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive <t>slate</t> of congressional candidates."
    *   Target word: "slate"
    *   Surrounding words: "Republican Party", "field a competitive", "congressional candidates".

    *   Sense 1: (formerly) a writing tablet made of slate. (Incorrect: Not about writing tablets).
    *   Sense 2: thin layers of rock used for roofing. (Incorrect: Not about roofing).
    *   Sense 3: a fine-grained metamorphic rock. (Incorrect: Not about geology).
    *   Sense 4: a list of candidates nominated by a political party to run for election to public offices | synonyms=ticket. (Correct: Fits perfectly with "Republican Party" and "congressional candidates").

    *   The context refers to a list of candidates for election.
    *   Sense 4 matches this definition.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "candidate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional <t>candidates</t>. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Senses:
1. definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing congressional elections, incumbents, freshman Republicans, and the difficulty of attracting "viable candidates for congressional office."
    *   Target word: `<t>candidates</t>` in the phrase "field a competitive slate of congressional candidates."
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  a politician who is running for public office (synonyms: campaigner, nominee).
        2.  someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) (synonyms: prospect).

    *   The text mentions "congressional office," "running for re-election," "Republican Party," "Democratic opponent," and "field a competitive slate of congressional candidates."
    *   The "candidates" here are people running for seats in the US Congress.

    *   Sense 1 specifically refers to a *politician running for public office*.
    *   Sense 2 is a *general* definition for someone considered for something (could be a job, a prize, an award, etc.).
    *   While Sense 2 is technically true (a political candidate is someone considered for office), Sense 1 is the precise definition for this specific context (political office).

    *   The context is explicitly about political elections.
    *   Sense 1 is the most accurate and specific fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "partial" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a <t>partial</t> reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office.

Senses:
1. definition=being or affecting only a part; not total | examples=a partial description of the suspect; partial collapse
2. definition=showing favoritism
3. definition=(followed by `of' or `to') having a strong preference or liking for | synonyms=fond | examples=fond of chocolate; partial to horror movies

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Fifth, the theory may provide at least a <t>partial</t> reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South."
    *   Target word: "partial"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  being or affecting only a part; not total (e.g., partial description, partial collapse)
        2.  showing favoritism
        3.  (followed by 'of' or 'to') having a strong preference or liking for (e.g., partial to horror movies)

    *   The sentence says: "the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why..."
    *   In this context, "partial reason" means the theory explains *some* of the reason, but not necessarily the *entire* reason. It's not a total explanation.

    *   Sense 1: "being or affecting only a part; not total". This fits perfectly. A "partial reason" is a reason that explains part of the situation, not the whole thing.
    *   Sense 2: "showing favoritism". This does not fit. The theory isn't showing favoritism.
    *   Sense 3: "having a strong preference or liking for". This does not fit. The theory doesn't have a preference.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "reason" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial <t>reason</t> for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office.

Senses:
1. definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
5. definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
6. definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial <t>reason</t> for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South."
    *   Target word: "reason"

    *   Sense 1: a rational motive for a belief or action (synonym: ground). Example: "the reason that war was declared".
    *   Sense 2: an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon. Example: "the reason a steady state was never reached was that...".
    *   Sense 3: the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination (synonym: understanding, intellect).
    *   Sense 4: the state of having good sense and sound judgment (synonym: rationality, reasonableness).
    *   Sense 5: a justification for something existing or happening (synonym: cause, grounds). Example: "he had no cause to complain".
    *   Sense 6: a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion. Example: "there is reason to believe he is lying".

    *   The sentence says: "the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South."
    *   Here, "reason" refers to an explanation for a phenomenon (ticket splitting in the South).
    *   It's not a motive for an action (Sense 1), not the capacity for thought (Sense 3), not sound judgment (Sense 4), not a justification for a feeling/right (Sense 5), and not a logical justification for a premise (Sense 6).
    *   It fits perfectly with Sense 2: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon".

    *   Sense 2: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon".
    *   Context: "reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South".
    *   The "phenomenon" is ticket splitting in the South. The "reason" is the explanation provided by the theory.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "extent" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the <t>extent</t> that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House.

Senses:
1. definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "To the <t>extent</t> that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932..."
    *   Target word: "extent"
    *   Senses:
        1.  the point or degree to which something extends (e.g., "the extent of the damage").
        2.  the distance or area or volume over which something extends (e.g., "the vast extent of the desert").

    *   The phrase "To the extent that..." is a common idiomatic expression meaning "to the degree that" or "insofar as."
    *   In the sentence, it refers to the *degree* to which Democratic legislators held power. It's not referring to a physical distance, area, or volume.

    *   Sense 1: "the point or degree to which something extends" -> Matches "degree to which Democratic legislators... held power."
    *   Sense 2: "the distance or area or volume over which something extends" -> Does not match.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "democratic" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that <t>Democratic</t> legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House.

Senses:
1. definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...To the extent that <t>Democratic</t> legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932..."
    *   Target word: "Democratic"
    *   Senses:
        1.  Principles of democracy/social equality.
        2.  Relating to the Democratic Party.
        3.  Representing/appealing to the people at large (popular).

    *   The text mentions "Republican Party", "Democratic opponent", and "Democratic legislators from the South".
    *   It discusses political parties (Republican vs. Democratic) in the context of US congressional elections and power.
    *   "Democratic legislators" here clearly refers to members of the Democratic Party.

    *   Sense 1: General democracy/equality. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Relating to the Democratic Party. (Correct)
    *   Sense 3: Popular/for the people. (Incorrect)


[User]
Which numbered sense of "hold" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have <t>held</t> a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House.

Senses:
1. definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=keep, maintain | examples=keep clean; hold in place
2. definition=have or hold in one's hands or grip | synonyms=take hold | examples=Hold this bowl for a moment, please; A crazy idea took hold of him
3. definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=throw, have, make, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
4. definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | synonyms=have, have got | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank; He has got two beautiful daughters
5. definition=keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view | synonyms=deem, view as, take for | examples=take for granted; view as important
6. definition=maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings) | synonyms=harbor, harbour, entertain, nurse | examples=bear a grudge; entertain interesting notions
7. definition=to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement | synonyms=restrain, confine | examples=This holds the local until the express passengers change trains; About a dozen animals were held inside the stockade
8. definition=secure and keep for possible future use or application | synonyms=retain, keep back, hold back | examples=The landlord retained the security deposit; I reserve the right to disagree
9. definition=have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices | synonyms=bear | examples=She bears the title of Duchess; He held the governorship for almost a decade
10. definition=be the physical support of; carry the weight of | synonyms=support, sustain, hold up | examples=The beam holds up the roof; He supported me with one hand while I balanced on the beam
11. definition=contain or hold; have within | synonyms=bear, carry, contain | examples=The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water
12. definition=have room for; hold without crowding | synonyms=accommodate, admit | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests; The theater admits 300 people
13. definition=remain in a certain state, position, or condition | examples=The weather held; They held on the road and kept marching
14. definition=support or hold in a certain manner | synonyms=carry, bear | examples=She holds her head high; He carried himself upright
15. definition=be valid, applicable, or true | synonyms=prevail, obtain | examples=This theory still holds
16. definition=assert or affirm | examples=Rousseau's philosophy holds that people are inherently good
17. definition=have as a major characteristic | examples=The novel holds many surprises; The book holds in store much valuable advise
18. definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, take | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
19. definition=arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance | synonyms=reserve, book | examples=reserve me a seat on a flight; The agent booked tickets to the show for the whole family
20. definition=protect against a challenge or attack | synonyms=defend, guard | examples=Hold that position behind the trees!; Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks
21. definition=bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted | synonyms=oblige, bind, obligate | examples=He's held by a contract; I'll hold you by your promise
22. definition=hold the attention of | examples=The soprano held the audience; This story held our interest
23. definition=remain committed to | examples=I hold to these ideas
24. definition=resist or confront with resistance | synonyms=defy, withstand, hold up | examples=The politician defied public opinion; The new material withstands even the greatest wear and tear
25. definition=be pertinent or relevant or applicable | synonyms=apply, go for | examples=The same laws apply to you!; This theory holds for all irrational numbers
26. definition=stop dealing with | examples=hold all calls to the President's office while he is in a meeting
27. definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=control, hold in, contain, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue
28. definition=keep from departing | examples=Hold the taxi; Hold the horse
29. definition=take and maintain control over, often by violent means | examples=The dissatisfied students held the President's office for almost a week
30. definition=cause to stop | synonyms=halt, arrest | examples=Halt the engines; Arrest the progress
31. definition=cover as for protection against noise or smell | examples=She held her ears when the jackhammer started to operate; hold one's nose
32. definition=drink alcohol without showing ill effects | synonyms=carry | examples=He can hold his liquor; he had drunk more than he could carry
33. definition=aim, point, or direct | examples=Hold the fire extinguisher directly on the flames
34. definition=declare to be | synonyms=declare, adjudge | examples=She was declared incompetent; judge held that the defendant was innocent
35. definition=be in accord; be in agreement | synonyms=agree, concur, concord | examples=We agreed on the terms of the settlement; I can't agree with you!
36. definition=keep from exhaling or expelling | examples=hold your breath

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have <t>held</t> a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932..."
    *   Target word: "held" (past participle of "hold").
    *   Meaning in context: The Democratic legislators have possessed or maintained a disproportionate share of power.

    *   1: keep in a certain state, position, or activity (e.g., keep clean) - *No.*
    *   2: have or hold in one's hands or grip (e.g., hold this bowl) - *No.*
    *   3: organize or be responsible for (e.g., hold a reception) - *No.*
    *   4: have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense (e.g., has $1,000 in the bank) - *Possible.*
    *   5: keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view (e.g., view as important) - *No.*
    *   6: maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings) (e.g., bear a grudge) - *No.*
    *   7: close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement (e.g., restrain) - *No.*
    *   8: secure and keep for possible future use or application (e.g., retain) - *No.*
    *   9: have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices (e.g., held the governorship) - *Very strong possibility.*
    *   10: be the physical support of (e.g., beam holds up the roof) - *No.*
    *   11: contain or hold; have within (e.g., jar carries wine) - *No.*
    *   12: have room for (e.g., hotel can accommodate 250 guests) - *No.*
    *   13: remain in a certain state, position, or condition (e.g., weather held) - *No.*
    *   14: support or hold in a certain manner (e.g., holds her head high) - *No.*
    *   15: be valid, applicable, or true (e.g., theory still holds) - *No.*
    *   16: assert or affirm (e.g., philosophy holds that...) - *No.*
    *   17: have as a major characteristic (e.g., novel holds many surprises) - *No.*
    *   18: be capable of holding or containing (e.g., box won't take all the items) - *No.*
    *   19: arrange for and reserve (e.g., reserve a seat) - *No.*
    *   20: protect against a challenge or attack (e.g., hold that position) - *No.*
    *   21: bind by an obligation (e.g., held by a contract) - *No.*
    *   22: hold the attention of (e.g., held the audience) - *No.*
    *   23: remain committed to (e.g., hold to these ideas) - *No.*
    *   24: resist or confront with resistance (e.g., defied public opinion) - *No.*
    *   25: be pertinent or relevant or applicable (e.g., theory holds for all irrational numbers) - *No.*
    *   26: stop dealing with (e.g., hold all calls) - *No.*
    *   27: lessen the intensity of (e.g., hold your tongue) - *No.*
    *   28: keep from departing (e.g., hold the taxi) - *No.*
    *   29: take and maintain control over, often by violent means (e.g., held the President's office) - *No (not violent).*
    *   30: cause to stop (e.g., halt the engines) - *No.*
    *   31: cover as for protection (e.g., hold one's nose) - *No.*
    *   32: drink alcohol without showing ill effects (e.g., hold his liquor) - *No.*
    *   33: aim, point, or direct (e.g., hold the fire extinguisher) - *No.*
    *   34: declare to be (e.g., judge held that the defendant was innocent) - *No.*
    *   35: be in accord; be in agreement (e.g., agreed on the terms) - *No.*
    *   36: keep from exhaling or expelling (e.g., hold your breath) - *No.*

    *   Sense 4: "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense" (e.g., "She has $1,000 in the bank").
    *   Sense 9: "have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices" (e.g., "He held the governorship for almost a decade").

    *   The context is "held a disproportionate share of power in Congress".
    *   "Power" in a political context (like holding a seat or a position of authority) is very similar to "rights, titles, and offices".
    *   Sense 9 specifically mentions "offices" and "governorship," which fits the political context of "legislators" and "power in Congress" better than the general "possess" in Sense 4.

    *   Sense 9: "have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices"
    *   Example: "He held the governorship for almost a decade."
    *   Context: "Democratic legislators... have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress."
    *   This fits perfectly.

    *   Wait, is "power" a "right, title, or office"? Not exactly, but "holding power" is a standard expression for possessing authority or a position of control, which aligns with the spirit of Sense 9.
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 4: "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense." Power is an abstract sense.
    *   However, Sense 9 is more specific to the *type* of possession (political/official). Let's look at the examples again. "He held the governorship" is very close to "held a share of power in Congress."

    *   Sense 4: General possession.
    *   Sense 9: Possession of a position, title, or official power.
    *   "Share of power in Congress" is an official/political capacity. Sense 9 is the more precise fit.