[User]
Which numbered sense of "turn" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, <t>turns</t> healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense | examples=Turn towards me; The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face
2. definition=undergo a transformation or a change of position or action | synonyms=change state | examples=We turned from Socialism to Capitalism; The people turned against the President when he stole the election
3. definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=become | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
4. definition=cause to move around or rotate | examples=turn a key; turn your palm this way
5. definition=change to the contrary | synonyms=change by reversal, reverse | examples=The trend was reversed; the tides turned against him
6. definition=pass to the other side of | synonyms=move around | examples=turn the corner; move around the obstacle
7. definition=pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become | synonyms=grow | examples=The weather turned nasty; She grew angry
8. definition=let (something) fall or spill from a container | synonyms=release | examples=turn the flour onto a plate
9. definition=move around an axis or a center | examples=The wheels are turning
10. definition=cause to move around a center so as to show another side of | synonyms=turn over | examples=turn a page of a book
11. definition=to send or let go | examples=They turned away the crowd at the gate of the governor's mansion
12. definition=to break and turn over earth especially with a plow | synonyms=plow, plough | examples=Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week; turn the earth in the Spring
13. definition=shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel | examples=turn the legs of the table; turn the clay on the wheel
14. definition=change color | examples=In Vermont, the leaves turn early
15. definition=twist suddenly so as to sprain | synonyms=twist, sprain, wrench, wrick, rick | examples=wrench one's ankle; The wrestler twisted his shoulder
16. definition=cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics | examples=The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him; The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold
17. definition=accomplish by rotating | examples=turn a somersault; turn cartwheels
18. definition=get by buying and selling | examples=the company turned a good profit after a year
19. definition=cause to move along an axis or into a new direction | examples=turn your face to the wall; turn the car around
20. definition=channel one's attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something | examples=The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction; people turn to mysticism at the turn of a millennium
21. definition=cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form | synonyms=flex, bend, deform, twist | examples=bend the rod; twist the dough into a braid
22. definition=alter the functioning or setting of | examples=turn the dial to 10; turn the heat down
23. definition=direct at someone | examples=She turned a smile on me; They turned their flashlights on the car
24. definition=have recourse to or make an appeal or request for help or information to | synonyms=call on | examples=She called on her Representative to help her; She turned to her relatives for help
25. definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, ferment, work | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
26. definition=become officially one year older | examples=She is turning 50 this year

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, <t>turns</t> healthy colon cells cancerous."
    *   Target word: "turns"
    *   Meaning in context: The gene p53 (if impaired) causes healthy colon cells to become cancerous. It's a transformation from one state (healthy) to another (cancerous).

    *   1: change orientation or direction (No)
    *   2: undergo a transformation or a change of position or action (No, this is usually intransitive or about a shift in allegiance/belief)
    *   3: undergo a change or development (become) (Intransitive: "The water turned into ice")
    *   4: cause to move around or rotate (No)
    *   5: change to the contrary (No)
    *   6: pass to the other side of (No)
    *   7: pass into a condition gradually (become) (Intransitive: "The weather turned nasty")
    *   8: let (something) fall or spill (No)
    *   9: move around an axis (No)
    *   10: cause to move around a center (No)
    *   11: send or let go (No)
    *   12: break and turn over earth (No)
    *   13: shape by rotating (No)
    *   14: change color (No)
    *   15: twist suddenly (No)
    *   16: cause to change or turn into something different; assume new characteristics (Example: "The princess turned the frog into a prince")
    *   17: accomplish by rotating (No)
    *   18: get by buying and selling (No)
    *   19: cause to move along an axis (No)
    *   20: channel attention (No)
    *   21: cause (plastic object) to assume crooked form (No)
    *   22: alter functioning or setting (No)
    *   23: direct at someone (No)
    *   24: have recourse to (No)
    *   25: go sour or spoil (No)
    *   26: become one year older (No)

    *   The context is: "p53... turns healthy colon cells cancerous."
    *   This is a causative action: Gene p53 *causes* the cells to *become* cancerous.
    *   Sense 16: "cause to change or turn into something different; assume new characteristics" (Example: "The princess turned the frog into a prince").
    *   Sense 3 and 7 are intransitive (the subject itself changes). In the context, the subject is the gene, and the object is the cells. The gene *causes* the change.
    *   Sense 16 fits perfectly as the causative version of "become/turn into".

    *   "turns healthy colon cells cancerous"
    *   Structure: [Subject: p53] [Verb: turns] [Object: healthy colon cells] [Complement: cancerous].
    *   This matches the structure of "turned the frog into a prince" (though "into a prince" is a prepositional phrase, the meaning is the same: causing a transformation).

    *   Sense 16: "cause to change or turn into something different; assume new characteristics"
    *   This is the only sense that describes causing something else to transform.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "healthy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns <t>healthy</t> colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby; staying fit and healthy
2. definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
3. definition=promoting health; healthful; ; ; ; ; - C.B.Davis | synonyms=salubrious, good for you | examples=a healthy diet; clean healthy air
4. definition=exercising or showing good judgment | synonyms=intelligent, levelheaded, sound | examples=healthy scepticism; a healthy fear of rattlesnakes
5. definition=large in amount or extent or degree | synonyms=goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, sizable, sizeable | examples=it cost a considerable amount; a goodly amount

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns <t>healthy</t> colon cells cancerous."
    *   Target word: "healthy"
    *   Contextual meaning: The cells are not cancerous; they are in their normal, non-diseased state.

    *   Sense 1: "having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease" (Example: a rosy healthy baby).
    *   Sense 2: "financially secure and functioning well" (Example: a healthy economy).
    *   Sense 3: "promoting health; healthful" (Example: a healthy diet).
    *   Sense 4: "exercising or showing good judgment" (Example: healthy scepticism).
    *   Sense 5: "large in amount or extent or degree" (Example: a goodly amount).

    *   The context refers to "colon cells" that are not "cancerous".
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 1: "free from infirmity or disease".

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "colon" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy <t>colon</t> cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
2. definition=the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos | synonyms=El Salvadoran colon
3. definition=the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos | synonyms=Costa Rican colon
4. definition=a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal | synonyms=Aspinwall
5. definition=a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy <t>colon</t> cells cancerous."
    *   Target word: "colon"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Part of the large intestine.
        2.  Money in El Salvador.
        3.  Money in Costa Rica.
        4.  Port city in Panama.
        5.  Punctuation mark (:).

    *   The sentence mentions "healthy colon cells" becoming "cancerous."
    *   This refers to biological cells in a part of the body.
    *   Sense 1 describes the colon as part of the large intestine.

    *   Sense 1: Large intestine (Fits perfectly).
    *   Sense 2: Money (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 3: Money (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 4: City (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 5: Punctuation (Incorrect).


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon <t>cells</t> cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon <t>cells</t> cancerous."
    *   Target word: "cells" (plural of "cell").
    *   Contextual clues: "gene", "healthy colon", "cancerous", "tissue from lung and breast cancers".

    *   Sense 1: Small compartment (e.g., honeycomb).
    *   Sense 2: (Biology) basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
    *   Sense 3: Electric current device (battery).
    *   Sense 4: Small unit of a political movement (cadre).
    *   Sense 5: Mobile phone.
    *   Sense 6: Monk/nun's room.
    *   Sense 7: Prisoner's room.

    *   The context discusses genes, colon cells, and cancer. This is clearly biological.
    *   Sense 2 specifically refers to the biological unit of organisms.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancerous" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells <t>cancerous</t>. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to or affected with cancer | examples=a cancerous growth
2. definition=like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads | examples=remorse was cancerous within him; pornography is cancerous to the moral development of our children

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells <t>cancerous</t>."
    *   Target word: "cancerous"
    *   Senses:
        1.  Relating to or affected with cancer (medical sense).
        2.  Like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads (metaphorical sense).

    *   The text discusses genes (p53), retinal cell growth, tumors, the National Cancer Institute, and colon cells.
    *   The specific phrase is "turns healthy colon cells cancerous."
    *   This refers to the biological process of cells becoming malignant (cancer).

    *   Sense 1: "relating to or affected with cancer" fits perfectly. The colon cells are becoming affected with cancer.
    *   Sense 2: "like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads" is metaphorical. The text is scientific/medical, not metaphorical.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "report" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that <t>report</t>, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Senses:
1. definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...researchers reported finding a gene called p53... Soon after that <t>report</t>, two other research teams uncovered evidence..."
    *   Target word: "report"
    *   Contextual clues: "researchers reported finding a gene", "two other research teams uncovered evidence". This refers to a scientific communication of findings.

    *   Sense 1: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (synonyms: study, written report).
    *   Sense 2: "the act of informing by verbal report" (synonyms: account).
    *   Sense 3: "a short account of the news" (synonyms: news report, story).
    *   Sense 4: "a sharp explosive sound".
    *   Sense 5: "a written evaluation of a student's scholarship".
    *   Sense 6: "an essay (especially one written as an assignment)".
    *   Sense 7: "the general estimation that the public has for a person" (synonyms: reputation).

    *   The context describes researchers reporting a scientific discovery (finding a gene).
    *   This discovery was then followed by other teams uncovering evidence.
    *   In a scientific context, "reporting" a finding usually involves a written document (a paper or study) published in a journal.
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" and gives "study" as a synonym. This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 3 (news report) is less likely because it's about the scientific discovery itself, which is typically a formal study/paper before it becomes a "news report".
    *   Sense 2 (verbal report) is unlikely in the context of scientific research findings that lead other teams to investigate.

    *   The "report" refers to the publication/document where the p53 gene discovery was detailed.
    *   This matches Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "other" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two <t>other</t> research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Senses:
1. definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...two <t>other</t> research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."
    *   Target word: "other"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied.
        2.  Recently past.
        3.  Belonging to the distant past.
        4.  Very unusual/different in character.

    *   The sentence says: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53... Soon after that report, two <t>other</t> research teams uncovered evidence..."
    *   The "other" research teams are teams *different from* the first group of researchers who reported finding the p53 gene.

    *   Sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" -> This fits perfectly. The first team was mentioned; these are different teams.
    *   Sense 2: "recently past" (e.g., "the other evening") -> Does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: "belonging to the distant past" (e.g., "former generations") -> Does not fit.
    *   Sense 4: "very unusual; different in character" (e.g., "other dimension") -> Does not fit.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "team" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research <t>teams</t> uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Senses:
1. definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage about cancer research, specifically mentioning scientists, genes (p53), and "two other research <t>teams</t> uncovered evidence..."
    *   Target word: "teams"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
        2.  two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

    *   The word "teams" refers to "research teams."
    *   Research teams are groups of people (scientists) working together toward a common goal (scientific discovery).
    *   This fits the definition of a "cooperative unit."

    *   Sense 1: Cooperative unit (fits).
    *   Sense 2: Draft animals (does not fit).

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "evidence" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered <t>evidence</t> that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Senses:
1. definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...two other research teams uncovered <t>evidence</t> that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."
    *   Target word: "evidence"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Basis for belief/disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief (synonym: grounds). Example: "evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling".
        2.  An indication that makes something evident. Example: "his trembling was evidence of his fear".
        3.  Legal evidence used in a trial.

    *   The sentence describes scientific research teams finding data/proof/knowledge that a specific gene (p53) is present in certain cancers.
    *   This is scientific evidence used to support a conclusion or a belief about the nature of cancer.
    *   It is not a physical sign/indication of an emotion or state (like trembling for fear - Sense 2).
    *   It is not being used in a courtroom/legal setting (Sense 3).
    *   It fits the description of "basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief" (Sense 1). The example provided for Sense 1 ("the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling") is almost identical in nature to the context provided (scientific evidence regarding cancer).

    *   Sense 1: Scientific data supporting a claim. (Matches)
    *   Sense 2: A sign or symptom. (Does not match)
    *   Sense 3: Legal proof. (Does not match)


[User]
Which numbered sense of "same" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the <t>same</t> damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Senses:
1. definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the <t>same</t> damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."
    *   Target word: "same"
    *   Contextual meaning: The researchers found the p53 gene in colon cancer. Then, other teams found the *same* damaged p53 gene in lung and breast cancers.

    *   Sense 1: "same in identity" (e.g., the same man, the same dress). This refers to the exact same entity.
    *   Sense 2: "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree" (e.g., same color, same age). This refers to similarity, not identity.
    *   Sense 3: "equal in amount or value" (e.g., like amounts).
    *   Sense 4: "unchanged in character or nature" (e.g., stayed the same).

    *   Is it the *exact same physical molecule* of DNA? No, because it's in different people/tissues (colon vs. lung vs. breast).
    *   Is it the *same type* of gene (the p53 gene)? Yes.
    *   In biological/genetic contexts, when we say "the same gene," we usually mean the same *kind* of gene (the same locus/sequence), not the identical physical molecule.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs. Sense 2.
        *   Sense 1: "same in identity" (The same man).
        *   Sense 2: "closely similar or comparable in kind" (Two girls of the same age).
    *   Wait, "the same gene" usually refers to the identity of the gene *type*. If I say "the same gene is found in mice and humans," I mean the orthologous gene (comparable in kind/identity of function/sequence).
    *   However, in common English, "the same [noun]" often maps to Sense 1 if it refers to a specific entity (even if that entity is a category or a specific gene name like p53).
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "the same man I saw yesterday" (identical person), "never wore the same dress twice" (identical garment).
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "curtains the same color as the walls" (similar color), "two girls of the same age" (similar age).
    *   In the sentence "the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers," it means the *p53 gene* (the specific identity of the gene) is the one that is damaged in those cancers. It's not saying the lung cancer gene is "similar" to the colon cancer gene; it's saying it *is* the p53 gene.
    *   In linguistics, "the same [X]" where X is a type (like a gene) often functions as "identical in type."
    *   Comparing Sense 1 (identity) and Sense 2 (similarity/comparable in kind).
    *   If I say "the same gene," I am identifying the gene by its name/type (p53). It is the identical gene *type*.
    *   Let's check if Sense 2 fits better. "Closely similar or comparable in kind." Is the p53 gene in the lung "comparable in kind" to the p53 gene in the colon? Yes, but "same" here is used to identify it as the *specific* gene already mentioned.
    *   Usually, "the same [noun]" refers to Sense 1 (identity) when it refers back to a previously mentioned specific entity. The entity here is "a gene called p53."
    *   Example: "I have a dog. My neighbor has the same dog." (This could mean the same breed - Sense 2, or the same actual dog - Sense 1).
    *   Example: "The p53 gene is found in colon cancer. The same gene is found in lung cancer." This means the identity of the gene is p53.
    *   Let's look at the senses again.
        1. same in identity
        2. closely similar or comparable in kind
    *   If the author meant "a similar gene," they would have said "a similar gene." By saying "the same damaged p53 gene," they are emphasizing that it is the *identical* gene (p53) that was previously discussed.
    *   In many dictionary datasets (like WordNet), "the same" referring to a type/category is often categorized under "identity" (Sense 1) because it's the same *type*.

    *   "the same man" -> Identity (Sense 1)
    *   "the same color" -> Similarity/Comparable (Sense 2)
    *   "the same gene" -> Is it like "the same man" or "the same color"?
    *   It's more like "the same man" in the sense that it's the specific entity (p53) being referred to.
    *   Wait, let's think about "the same color." Color is a property. "The same age" is a property. "The same gene" is an entity (a specific gene).
    *   Therefore, it's more likely Sense 1.

    *   "researchers reported finding a gene called p53... two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."
    *   The "same" refers back to the "gene called p53."
    *   This is a reference to the identity of the gene.

    *   Sense 1: Identity.
    *   Sense 2: Similarity/Comparable in kind.
    *   If I say "I have the same car as you," I usually mean the same model (Sense 2).
    *   If I say "I have the same car I had ten years ago," I mean the identical vehicle (Sense 1).
    *   In the text: "the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."
    *   Does this mean the *identical molecule*? No.
    *   Does it mean the *same model/type* of gene? Yes.
    *   If "same car" (same model) is Sense 2, then "same gene" (same type) should be Sense 2.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree".
    *   Is the p53 gene in the lung "comparable in kind" to the p53 gene in the colon? Yes.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 1: "same in identity".
    *   Is it the "same identity"? The identity of the gene is "p53".
    *   This is a classic ambiguity in "same". However, in scientific writing, "the same gene" refers to the same genetic locus/sequence across different samples. This is usually treated as "identity of type."
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2 again: "curtains the same color as the walls", "two girls of the same age". These are properties (color, age).
    *   "The same gene" is not a property; it's the entity itself.
    *   If I say "the same man," it's Sense 1. If I say "the same gene," it's the same entity (the p53 gene).
    *   Let's try to see if Sense 2 fits better. "comparable in kind". The p53 gene in the lung is the same *kind* of gene as the p53 gene in the colon.
    *   Actually, in most NLP benchmarks (like WordNet-based ones), "the same [noun]" where the noun is a specific named entity (like p53) is often Sense 1.

    *   "the same man I saw yesterday" (Identity)
    *   "the same dress" (Identity)
    *   "the same color" (Similarity/Comparable)
    *   "the same age" (Similarity/Comparable)
    *   "the same gene" (Identity of the gene p53)
    *   If you have the same gene as someone else, you don't have their *actual* DNA molecule; you have the same *type* of gene. This is "comparable in kind."
    *   Wait, "comparable in kind" is exactly what "same gene" means in this context.
    *   Let's re-evaluate.
    *   Colon cancer: p53 gene is damaged.
    *   Lung cancer: p53 gene is damaged.
    *   The gene is the "same" (p53).
    *   Is it the *identical* gene? No.
    *   Is it *comparable in kind*? Yes.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. "the same man I saw yesterday". That is the *identical* person.
    *   The p53 gene in the lung is NOT the identical molecule as the p53 gene in the colon.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 (identity) is physically impossible.
    *   Sense 2 (comparable in kind) is the only one that makes sense.

    *   "the same damaged p53 gene"
    *   If I say "the same book," it could be the identical copy (Sense 1) or the same title (Sense 2).
    *   If I say "the same gene," it must be the same type/kind (Sense 2).
    *   Let's double-check Sense 2: "closely similar or comparable in kind".
    *   Yes, the p53 gene in different tissues is the same *kind* of gene.

    *   Sense 1: Identity (The same physical object).
    *   Sense 2: Similarity/Kind (The same type of object).
    *   The p53 gene in colon cancer and the p53 gene in lung cancer are not the same physical object. They are the same *type* of gene.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.

    *   Wait, I just thought about "the same man I saw yesterday." That's identity.
    *   "The same gene" in a scientific context often refers to the *identity* of the gene (the p53 gene is a specific entity in the genome).
    *   But it's not the same *molecule*.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2 again: "curtains the same color as the walls", "two girls of the same age". These are attributes.
    *   Is "p53 gene" an attribute? No, it's a noun.
    *   Is "the same gene" more like "the same man" or "the same color"?
    *   It's more like "the same man" in that it's a specific entity (the p53 gene), but it's more like "the same color" in that it's not the same physical instance.
    *   Actually, "the same [noun]" where the noun is a type is almost always Sense 2.
    *   Example: "I have the same phone as you." (Sense 2 - same model).
    *   Example: "I have the same phone I had last year." (Sense 1 - same physical device).
    *   In the context: "the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."
    *   This means the *same model* (p53) of gene is present.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "damaged" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same <t>damaged</t> p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Senses:
1. definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same <t>damaged</t> p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."
    *   Target word: "damaged"
    *   Senses:
        1.  harmed or injured or spoiled (e.g., damaged goods, damaged buildings).
        2.  being unjustly brought into disrepute / discredited (e.g., damaged reputation).

    *   The text discusses genetics, specifically the p53 gene.
    *   It mentions that if the gene is "impaired," it turns cells cancerous.
    *   It then refers to the "damaged p53 gene."
    *   In a biological/genetic context, a "damaged gene" refers to a mutation or a physical/functional impairment of the DNA sequence, not a loss of reputation.

    *   Sense 1 (harmed/injured/spoiled) fits the biological context of a gene being impaired or mutated.
    *   Sense 2 (discredited/reputation) does not fit at all.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "present" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is <t>present</t> in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Senses:
1. definition=temporal sense; intermediate between past and future; now existing or happening or in consideration | examples=the present leader; articles for present use
2. definition=being or existing in a specified place | examples=the murderer is present in this room; present at the wedding

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is <t>present</t> in tissue from lung and breast cancers."
    *   Target word: "present"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Temporal sense (now existing/happening).
        2.  Being or existing in a specified place.

    *   The sentence says the "damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."
    *   This means the gene *exists* or is *found* within the tissue.
    *   It refers to location/existence in a specific place (the tissue), not a point in time.

    *   Sense 1: Temporal (now). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Being or existing in a specified place. (Correct)


[User]
Which numbered sense of "tissue" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in <t>tissue</t> from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Senses:
1. definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage about cancer research, specifically mentioning tumors, cancer-suppressors, genes (p53), and "tissue from lung and breast cancers."
    *   Target word: "tissue" (marked as `<t>tissue</t>`).
    *   Senses:
        1.  Part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function.
        2.  A soft thin (usually translucent) paper (tissue paper).

    *   The sentence is: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in <t>tissue</t> from lung and breast cancers."
    *   The context discusses biological cells, genes, and cancers (lung and breast).
    *   "Tissue from lung and breast cancers" refers to biological samples of the organ/cells.

    *   Sense 1 (biological tissue) fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 (paper tissue) makes no sense in the context of cancer research and genes.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "most" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the <t>most</t> common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Senses:
1. definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the <t>most</t> common and lethal forms of the disease..."
    *   Target word: "most"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Superlative (highest degree). Example: "the most dangerous snake".
        2.  Very. Example: "a most welcome relief".
        3.  Almost/nearly. Example: "the job is (just) about done".

    *   The phrase is "the most common and lethal forms".
    *   "Most" is modifying "common and lethal".
    *   It is comparing these forms of cancer to all other forms of cancer.
    *   It indicates the highest degree of commonness and lethality.

    *   Sense 1: "used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree". This fits perfectly. "Most common" is the superlative form of "common".
    *   Sense 2: "very". While "most" can mean "very" (e.g., "that is most kind"), in the phrase "the most common", the presence of "the" and the comparison to other forms of the disease strongly indicate the superlative sense.
    *   Sense 3: "almost/nearly". This does not fit the context at all.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "common" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most <t>common</t> and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Senses:
1. definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good; common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community
2. definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man; a common sailor
3. definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | synonyms=mutual | examples=a common friend; the mutual interests of management and labor
4. definition=commonly encountered | synonyms=usual | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting
5. definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | synonyms=vernacular, vulgar | examples=common parlance; a vernacular term
6. definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | synonyms=plebeian, vulgar, unwashed | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly; behavior that branded him as common
7. definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | synonyms=coarse | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded; produced...the common cloths used by the poorer population
8. definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | synonyms=coarse, rough-cut, uncouth, vulgar | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind; behavior that branded him as common
9. definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most <t>common</t> and lethal forms of the disease..."
    *   Target word: "common"
    *   Meaning in context: Occurring frequently, widespread, prevalent.

    *   Sense 1: Belonging to/participated in by a community (public). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: No special distinction; average/ordinary. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Shared by two or more parties (mutual). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Commonly encountered; usual. (Correct - "common forms of the disease" means they are frequently encountered/prevalent).
    *   Sense 5: Everyday language (vernacular). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Associated with great masses (plebeian). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Low/inferior quality. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: Lacking refinement (uncouth). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 9: To be expected; standard (decency). (Incorrect)

    *   The context refers to the frequency of occurrence of certain types of cancer.
    *   Sense 4 ("commonly encountered") fits perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "form" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal <t>forms</t> of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Senses:
1. definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
2. definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
3. definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
4. definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
5. definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
6. definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
7. definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features
8. definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
9. definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
10. definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
11. definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
12. definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
13. definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
14. definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
15. definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
16. definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal <t>forms</t> of the disease..."
    *   Target word: "forms"
    *   Meaning in context: Types or kinds of cancer.

    *   1: Phonological/orthographic sound/appearance of a word. (Incorrect)
    *   2: A category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality (synonyms: kind, sort, variety). (Matches: "forms of the disease" = "kinds of the disease")
    *   3: Perceptual structure (shape, pattern). (Incorrect)
    *   4: Spatial attributes (shape, configuration). (Incorrect)
    *   5: Human body. (Incorrect)
    *   6: Spatial arrangement vs substance. (Incorrect)
    *   7: Visual appearance. (Incorrect)
    *   8: Printed document. (Incorrect)
    *   9: (Biology) Group of organisms within a species (variant, strain). (Close, but "forms of the disease" usually refers to types/categories of the disease rather than biological strains of a species, although cancer is biological. However, sense 2 is a more general and fitting description for "types of cancer").
    *   10: Arrangement of elements in composition/discourse. (Incorrect)
    *   11: Particular mode in which something is manifested. (Possible, but "kinds" is more direct).
    *   12: (Physical chemistry) State of matter. (Incorrect)
    *   13: Body of students. (Incorrect)
    *   14: Ability to perform well. (Incorrect)
    *   15: Life-size dummy. (Incorrect)
    *   16: Mold for concrete. (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety"
    *   Sense 9: "(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var."
    *   Sense 11: "a particular mode in which something is manifested"

    In the sentence "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease", "forms" clearly means "types" or "kinds" of cancer. Sense 2 fits perfectly. Sense 9 refers to organisms within a species, and cancer is a disease, not a species of organism. Sense 11 is more about how an emotion or abstract concept manifests (e.g., "resentment took the form of hostility").

Sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "kill" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively <t>killing</t> almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Senses:
1. definition=cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly | examples=This man killed several people when he tried to rob a bank; The farmer killed a pig for the holidays
2. definition=thwart the passage of | synonyms=shoot down, defeat, vote down, vote out | examples=kill a motion; he shot down the student's proposal
3. definition=end or extinguish by forceful means | synonyms=stamp out | examples=Stamp out poverty!
4. definition=be fatal | examples=cigarettes kill; drunken driving kills
5. definition=be the source of great pain for | examples=These new shoes are killing me!
6. definition=overwhelm with hilarity, pleasure, or admiration | examples=The comedian was so funny, he was killing me!
7. definition=hit with so much force as to make a return impossible, in racket games | examples=She killed the ball
8. definition=hit with great force | examples=He killed the ball
9. definition=deprive of life | examples=AIDS has killed thousands in Africa
10. definition=cause the death of, without intention | examples=She was killed in the collision of three cars
11. definition=drink down entirely | synonyms=toss off, pop, bolt down, belt down, pour down, down | examples=He downed three martinis before dinner; She killed a bottle of brandy that night
12. definition=mark for deletion, rub off, or erase | synonyms=obliterate, wipe out | examples=kill these lines in the President's speech
13. definition=tire out completely | examples=The daily stress of her work is killing her
14. definition=cause to cease operating | examples=kill the engine
15. definition=destroy a vitally essential quality of or in | examples=Eating artichokes kills the taste of all other foods

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively <t>killing</t> almost 200,000 Americans a year."
    *   Target word: "killing" (from "kill").
    *   Meaning in context: The cancers cause the death of approximately 200,000 people annually.

    *   1: cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly (e.g., murder, slaughter). -> *Not intentional.*
    *   2: thwart the passage of (e.g., kill a motion). -> *Not about legislation/proposals.*
    *   3: end or extinguish by forceful means (e.g., stamp out poverty). -> *Not about abstract concepts like poverty.*
    *   4: be fatal (e.g., cigarettes kill). -> *Close, but usually used as a general statement of fatality.*
    *   5: be the source of great pain (e.g., shoes killing me). -> *Not about pain.*
    *   6: overwhelm with hilarity (e.g., comedian killing me). -> *Not about humor.*
    *   7: hit with force in racket games. -> *Not about sports.*
    *   8: hit with great force. -> *Not about physical impact.*
    *   9: deprive of life (e.g., AIDS has killed thousands in Africa). -> *Very close. AIDS is a disease, like cancer.*
    *   10: cause the death of, without intention (e.g., killed in a collision). -> *Usually refers to accidents.*
    *   11: drink down entirely. -> *Not about drinking.*
    *   12: mark for deletion. -> *Not about editing.*
    *   13: tire out completely. -> *Not about exhaustion.*
    *   14: cause to cease operating (e.g., kill the engine). -> *Not about machinery.*
    *   15: destroy a vitally essential quality. -> *Not about taste/quality.*

    *   Sense 4: "be fatal" (Example: "cigarettes kill").
    *   Sense 9: "deprive of life" (Example: "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa").

    *   Context: "...collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."
    *   Sense 9 Example: "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa."
    *   Both describe a disease/condition causing a specific number of deaths over time.
    *   Sense 4 is more of a general property ("Cigarettes kill"), whereas Sense 9 is more about the act of causing death in a population.

    *   Sense 9 specifically matches the pattern of "Disease X has killed Y number of people."

    *   Sense 1: Intentional. (No)
    *   Sense 4: General fatality. (Possible, but 9 is more specific to the count)
    *   Sense 9: Deprive of life (Disease context). (Yes)
    *   Sense 10: Unintentional/Accidental. (No)

    The context "collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year" mirrors "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa" almost perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "american" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 <t>Americans</t> a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Senses:
1. definition=a native or inhabitant of the United States
2. definition=the English language as used in the United States | synonyms=American English, American language
3. definition=a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...collectively killing almost 200,000 <t>Americans</t> a year."
    *   Target word: "Americans"
    *   Senses:
        1.  a native or inhabitant of the United States
        2.  the English language as used in the United States
        3.  a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country

    *   The sentence discusses cancer deaths: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 <t>Americans</t> a year."
    *   The preceding sentence mentions "laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain".
    *   The context refers to people dying from cancer.
    *   In common usage, especially in a context mentioning the U.S. specifically, "Americans" refers to people from the United States.

    *   Sense 1: Native/inhabitant of the US. (Fits perfectly)
    *   Sense 2: The English language. (Does not fit; languages don't die of cancer)
    *   Sense 3: Native/inhabitant of any country in the Americas. (While technically possible in some contexts, the specific mention of "the U.S." in the next sentence and the general usage in this type of reporting strongly point to Sense 1).

    *   The context is about health statistics in the United States (implied by the mention of U.S. laboratories and the common usage of "Americans" in such reports).
    *   Sense 1 is the most accurate.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "year" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a <t>year</t>. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Senses:
1. definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a <t>year</t>."
    *   Target word: "year"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  A period of 365/366 days (standard calendar year).
        2.  A period for a particular activity (e.g., school year).
        3.  Planetary revolution around the sun (astronomical year).
        4.  A graduating class (academic cohort).

    *   The phrase "200,000 Americans a year" refers to a rate of occurrence over the course of 365/366 days.
    *   It is not referring to a school year (Sense 2).
    *   It is not referring to the orbital period of a planet (Sense 3).
    *   It is not referring to a graduating class (Sense 4).
    *   It fits the definition of a standard 12-month period (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days" -> Matches perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "right" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. <t>Right</t> now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Senses:
1. definition=precisely, exactly | examples=stand right here!
2. definition=immediately | examples=she called right after dinner
3. definition=exactly | synonyms=flop | examples=he fell flop on his face
4. definition=toward or on the right; also used figuratively | examples=he looked right and left; the party has moved right
5. definition=in the right manner | synonyms=properly, decently, decent, in good order, the right way | examples=please do your job properly!; can't you carry me decent?
6. definition=an interjection expressing agreement | synonyms=right on
7. definition=completely | examples=she felt right at home; he fell right into the trap
8. definition=(Southern regional intensive) very; to a great degree | synonyms=mighty, mightily, powerful | examples=the baby is mighty cute; he's mighty tired
9. definition=in accordance with moral or social standards | synonyms=justly | examples=that serves him right; do right by him
10. definition=in an accurate manner | synonyms=correctly, aright | examples=the flower had been correctly depicted by his son; he guessed right

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Right now about a dozen laboratories... are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."
    *   Target word: "Right" (in "Right now").

    1.  precisely, exactly (e.g., "stand right here!")
    2.  immediately (e.g., "she called right after dinner")
    3.  exactly (synonym: flop) - *This seems like a weird definition for "right", likely a mistake in the provided list or a very niche usage.*
    4.  toward or on the right (direction)
    5.  in the right manner (properly)
    6.  interjection expressing agreement
    7.  completely (e.g., "right at home")
    8.  (Southern regional intensive) very
    9.  in accordance with moral or social standards (justly)
    10. in an accurate manner (correctly)

    *   "Right now" means "at this very moment" or "immediately/currently".
    *   Looking at the senses:
        *   Sense 1: "precisely, exactly" (e.g., "stand right here!"). "Right now" can be interpreted as "precisely now".
        *   Sense 2: "immediately" (e.g., "she called right after dinner"). "Right now" often means immediately.

    *   "Right now" is a common adverbial phrase.
    *   In "Right now about a dozen laboratories...", it means "at the present time" or "currently".
    *   Comparing Sense 1 ("precisely, exactly") and Sense 2 ("immediately").
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again: "immediately | examples=she called right after dinner". "Right after" is similar to "right now".
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "precisely, exactly | examples=stand right here!". "Right here" is a spatial equivalent of "right now".

    *   In many dictionaries, "right" in "right now" or "right here" is used as an intensifier meaning "exactly" or "precisely".
    *   Example: "Right here" = "Exactly here". "Right now" = "Exactly now" (at this moment).
    *   Sense 1: "precisely, exactly".
    *   Sense 2: "immediately".

    *   "Right now" can mean "immediately" (Do it right now!) or "at the present time" (Right now, I am eating).
    *   In the context: "Right now about a dozen laboratories... are racing..."
    *   Here, it means "At the present time" or "Currently".
    *   Does "immediately" (Sense 2) fit "At the present time"? Not exactly. "Immediately" usually refers to the very next moment.
    *   Does "precisely/exactly" (Sense 1) fit? "Exactly now" = "At this very moment".

    *   Sense 1: precisely, exactly. Example: "stand right here!" (Exactly here).
    *   Sense 2: immediately. Example: "she called right after dinner" (Immediately after).

    In "Right now about a dozen laboratories...", "right" is modifying "now" to emphasize the present moment. This is most similar to "right here" (Sense 1).

    *Self-Correction:* Let's double-check if "immediately" (Sense 2) is a better fit. "Right now" can mean "immediately", but in the sentence "Right now about a dozen laboratories... are racing", it's describing a current state, not an action that needs to happen immediately. Therefore, "precisely/exactly" (at this very moment) is the better fit.

    *   Sense 1: precisely, exactly.
    *   Context: "Right now" -> "Precisely now" / "Exactly now".
    *   This matches the usage in "stand right here!".

    *   Sense 2: immediately.
    *   Context: "Right now" -> "Immediately".
    *   While "right now" can mean "immediately", in this specific sentence, it's used as "currently".

    Comparing "Right now" (currently) with "Right here" (exactly here), Sense 1 is the strongest match.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "now" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right <t>now</t> about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Senses:
1. definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
2. definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets
3. definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
4. definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
5. definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
6. definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Right <t>now</t> about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."
    *   Target word: "now"

    *   Sense 1: Historical present (narrating past events as if they are happening now).
    *   Sense 2: In these times/nowadays (general era).
    *   Sense 3: Preface to command/reproof.
    *   Sense 4: At the present moment (at present).
    *   Sense 5: Without delay (immediately).
    *   Sense 6: Change of subject/activity.
    *   Sense 7: In the immediate past (just now).

    *   The sentence says "Right now about a dozen laboratories... are racing..."
    *   "Right now" emphasizes the current state of affairs at the time of writing/speaking.
    *   It refers to the present moment or the current period of time.

    *   Sense 1 (Historical present): No, the text is describing current scientific efforts, not narrating a past story in the present tense.
    *   Sense 2 (Nowadays): Close, but "Right now" usually points more specifically to the present moment/current state than a general era. However, let's check Sense 4.
    *   Sense 4 (At the present moment): "at present". "Right now about a dozen laboratories... are racing" fits perfectly with "At present, about a dozen laboratories... are racing".
    *   Sense 5 (Immediately): No, it's not a command to act immediately or a description of an instant action.
    *   Sense 6 (Change of subject): No.
    *   Sense 7 (Immediate past): No.

    *   Sense 2 is "in these times; nowadays".
    *   Sense 4 is "at the present moment; at present".
    *   "Right now" is a very common intensifier for "at the present moment".
    *   Example for Sense 4: "goods now on sale".
    *   Example for Sense 2: "we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles".
    *   The context "Right now about a dozen laboratories... are racing" describes a current ongoing state. This aligns best with "at the present moment" (Sense 4).

    *   Context: "Right now about a dozen laboratories... are racing..."
    *   Meaning: At this current time.
    *   Sense 4: "at the present moment | synonyms=at present".
    *   This is the most accurate fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "about" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now <t>about</t> a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Senses:
1. definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Right now <t>about</t> a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."
    *   Target word: "about"
    *   Usage: "about a dozen laboratories"

    *   Sense 1: (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct (approximately, roughly).
    *   Sense 2: all around or on all sides.
    *   Sense 3: in the area or vicinity.
    *   Sense 4: movement to or among many different places.
    *   Sense 5: in or to a reversed position or direction.
    *   Sense 6: in rotation or succession.
    *   Sense 7: (of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished.

    *   "about a dozen laboratories" means "approximately twelve laboratories."
    *   This matches Sense 1: "(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less".

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "laboratory" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen <t>laboratories</t>, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Senses:
1. definition=a workplace for the conduct of scientific research | synonyms=lab, research lab, research laboratory, science lab, science laboratory
2. definition=a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation | synonyms=testing ground | examples=the new nation is a testing ground for socioeconomic theories; Pakistan is a laboratory for studying the use of American troops to combat terrorism

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Right now about a dozen <t>laboratories</t>, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."
    *   Target word: "laboratories"
    *   Contextual clues: "scientists", "cancer-suppressors", "discovery", "researchers", "gene", "research teams", "U.S., Canada and Britain", "racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes".

    *   Sense 1: "a workplace for the conduct of scientific research" (synonyms: lab, research lab).
    *   Sense 2: "a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation" (synonyms: testing ground).

    *   The context describes scientists and research teams working to find genes.
    *   The "laboratories" mentioned are located in the U.S., Canada, and Britain.
    *   They are "racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."
    *   This clearly refers to physical workplaces where scientific research is conducted.

    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 (metaphorical "testing ground" for a region/nation) does not fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "u.s." (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the <t>U.S.</t>, Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Senses:
1. definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, United States, U.S. government
2. definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, America, the States, USA

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the <t>U.S.</t>, Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."
    *   Target word: "U.S."
    *   Senses:
        1.  The federal government of the United States.
        2.  The North American republic (the country/geographic entity).

    *   The sentence lists "the U.S., Canada and Britain".
    *   These are countries.
    *   Laboratories are located *in* these countries.
    *   It refers to the geographic/political entity of the United States, not specifically the federal government.

    *   Sense 1: Government.
    *   Sense 2: Country.
    *   The context clearly refers to the country.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "race" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are <t>racing</t> to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Senses:
1. definition=move fast | synonyms=rush, hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, pelt along | examples=He rushed down the hall to receive his guests; The cars raced down the street
2. definition=compete in a race | synonyms=run | examples=he is running the Marathon this year; let's race and see who gets there first
3. definition=to work as fast as possible towards a goal, sometimes in competition with others | examples=We are racing to find a cure for AIDS
4. definition=cause to move fast or to rush or race | synonyms=rush | examples=The psychologist raced the rats through a long maze

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the.U.S., Canada and Britain, are <t>racing</t> to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."
    *   Target word: "racing" (from "race").
    *   Meaning in context: Laboratories are working very quickly and competitively to discover/identify genes.

    *   Sense 1: "move fast" (physical movement, e.g., cars racing down the street).
    *   Sense 2: "compete in a race" (athletic competition, e.g., running a marathon).
    *   Sense 3: "to work as fast as possible towards a goal, sometimes in competition with others" (metaphorical race, e.g., racing to find a cure for AIDS).
    *   Sense 4: "cause to move fast or to rush or race" (making something else move fast, e.g., racing rats through a maze).

    *   The context describes laboratories working to "unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."
    *   This is a goal-oriented effort involving speed and competition among multiple teams (laboratories in the US, Canada, and Britain).
    *   This matches Sense 3 perfectly ("work as fast as possible towards a goal, sometimes in competition with others").

    *   Sense 1 is physical movement.
    *   Sense 2 is a formal athletic race.
    *   Sense 4 is causing something else to move fast.
    *   Sense 3 is the correct fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "other" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask <t>other</t> suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Senses:
1. definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask <t>other</t> suspected tumor-suppressing genes."
    *   Target word: "other"
    *   Surrounding context: Scientists have already found two cancer-suppressors (retinoblastoma gene and p53). Now, they are looking for *more* (additional) suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

    *   Sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" (e.g., "highways and other public works"). This refers to additional items of the same type.
    *   Sense 2: "recently past" (e.g., "the other evening"). This refers to time.
    *   Sense 3: "belonging to the distant past" (e.g., "former generations"). This refers to time.
    *   Sense 4: "very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected" (e.g., "a strange, other dimension"). This refers to something otherworldly or bizarre.

    *   The context mentions two genes already found.
    *   The laboratories are looking for *additional* genes that are not the two already mentioned.
    *   This fits perfectly with Sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "about" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have <t>about</t> seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix.

Senses:
1. definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "They have <t>about</t> seven candidates."
    *   Sentence context: "Right now about a dozen laboratories... are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have <t>about</t> seven candidates."
    *   Meaning: The number of candidates is approximately seven.

    *   Sense 1: (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less.
    *   Sense 2: all around or on all sides.
    *   Sense 3: in the area or vicinity.
    *   Sense 4: movement to or among many different places.
    *   Sense 5: in or to a reversed position or direction.
    *   Sense 6: in rotation or succession.
    *   Sense 7: (of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished.

    *   The word "about" modifies "seven candidates" (a quantity).
    *   It means "approximately seven".
    *   This matches Sense 1 perfectly.