[User]
Which numbered sense of "hold" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, <t>holding</t> other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Senses:
1. definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=keep, maintain | examples=keep clean; hold in place
2. definition=have or hold in one's hands or grip | synonyms=take hold | examples=Hold this bowl for a moment, please; A crazy idea took hold of him
3. definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=throw, have, make, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
4. definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | synonyms=have, have got | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank; He has got two beautiful daughters
5. definition=keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view | synonyms=deem, view as, take for | examples=take for granted; view as important
6. definition=maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings) | synonyms=harbor, harbour, entertain, nurse | examples=bear a grudge; entertain interesting notions
7. definition=to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement | synonyms=restrain, confine | examples=This holds the local until the express passengers change trains; About a dozen animals were held inside the stockade
8. definition=secure and keep for possible future use or application | synonyms=retain, keep back, hold back | examples=The landlord retained the security deposit; I reserve the right to disagree
9. definition=have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices | synonyms=bear | examples=She bears the title of Duchess; He held the governorship for almost a decade
10. definition=be the physical support of; carry the weight of | synonyms=support, sustain, hold up | examples=The beam holds up the roof; He supported me with one hand while I balanced on the beam
11. definition=contain or hold; have within | synonyms=bear, carry, contain | examples=The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water
12. definition=have room for; hold without crowding | synonyms=accommodate, admit | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests; The theater admits 300 people
13. definition=remain in a certain state, position, or condition | examples=The weather held; They held on the road and kept marching
14. definition=support or hold in a certain manner | synonyms=carry, bear | examples=She holds her head high; He carried himself upright
15. definition=be valid, applicable, or true | synonyms=prevail, obtain | examples=This theory still holds
16. definition=assert or affirm | examples=Rousseau's philosophy holds that people are inherently good
17. definition=have as a major characteristic | examples=The novel holds many surprises; The book holds in store much valuable advise
18. definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, take | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
19. definition=arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance | synonyms=reserve, book | examples=reserve me a seat on a flight; The agent booked tickets to the show for the whole family
20. definition=protect against a challenge or attack | synonyms=defend, guard | examples=Hold that position behind the trees!; Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks
21. definition=bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted | synonyms=oblige, bind, obligate | examples=He's held by a contract; I'll hold you by your promise
22. definition=hold the attention of | examples=The soprano held the audience; This story held our interest
23. definition=remain committed to | examples=I hold to these ideas
24. definition=resist or confront with resistance | synonyms=defy, withstand, hold up | examples=The politician defied public opinion; The new material withstands even the greatest wear and tear
25. definition=be pertinent or relevant or applicable | synonyms=apply, go for | examples=The same laws apply to you!; This theory holds for all irrational numbers
26. definition=stop dealing with | examples=hold all calls to the President's office while he is in a meeting
27. definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=control, hold in, contain, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue
28. definition=keep from departing | examples=Hold the taxi; Hold the horse
29. definition=take and maintain control over, often by violent means | examples=The dissatisfied students held the President's office for almost a week
30. definition=cause to stop | synonyms=halt, arrest | examples=Halt the engines; Arrest the progress
31. definition=cover as for protection against noise or smell | examples=She held her ears when the jackhammer started to operate; hold one's nose
32. definition=drink alcohol without showing ill effects | synonyms=carry | examples=He can hold his liquor; he had drunk more than he could carry
33. definition=aim, point, or direct | examples=Hold the fire extinguisher directly on the flames
34. definition=declare to be | synonyms=declare, adjudge | examples=She was declared incompetent; judge held that the defendant was innocent
35. definition=be in accord; be in agreement | synonyms=agree, concur, concord | examples=We agreed on the terms of the settlement; I can't agree with you!
36. definition=keep from exhaling or expelling | examples=hold your breath

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, <t>holding</t> other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   Target word: "holding" (from "holding other factors constant").

    *   The phrase "holding other factors constant" is a common expression in statistics, economics, and science.
    *   It means keeping certain variables at a fixed level while observing the effect of another variable.
    *   In this context, "holding" means maintaining the other factors in a certain state (constant).

    *   1. keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=keep, maintain | examples=keep clean; hold in place
    *   2. have or hold in one's hands or grip
    *   3. organize or be responsible for
    *   4. have or possess
    *   5. keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view
    *   6. maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings)
    *   7. to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement
    *   8. secure and keep for possible future use or application
    *   9. have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices
    *   10. be the physical support of; carry the weight of
    *   11. contain or hold; have within
    *   12. have room for; hold without crowding
    *   13. remain in a certain state, position, or condition
    *   14. support or hold in a certain manner
    *   15. be valid, applicable, or true
    *   16. assert or affirm
    *   17. have as a major characteristic
    *   18. be capable of holding or containing
    *   19. arrange for and reserve
    *   20. protect against a challenge or attack
    *   21. bind by an obligation
    *   22. hold the attention of
    *   23. remain committed to
    *   24. resist or confront with resistance
    *   25. be pertinent or relevant or applicable
    *   26. stop dealing with
    *   27. lessen the intensity of; temper
    *   28. keep from departing
    *   29. take and maintain control over
    *   30. cause to stop
    *   31. cover as for protection
    *   32. drink alcohol without showing ill effects
    *   33. aim, point, or direct
    *   34. declare to be
    *   35. be in accord; be in agreement
    *   36. keep from exhaling or expelling

    *   Sense 1: "keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=keep, maintain | examples=keep clean; hold in place"
    *   This fits perfectly. "Holding other factors constant" means keeping those factors in a constant state.

    *   Sense 13: "remain in a certain state, position, or condition" (This is intransitive, e.g., "The weather held"). "Holding other factors constant" is transitive.
    *   Sense 15: "be valid, applicable, or true" (Intransitive).
    *   Sense 25: "be pertinent or relevant or applicable" (Intransitive).

    *   The phrase "holding [something] constant" means maintaining that something in a fixed state. Sense 1 ("keep in a certain state, position, or activity") is the most accurate.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "other" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding <t>other</t> factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Senses:
1. definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding <t>other</t> factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   Target word: "other" (in the phrase "holding other factors constant").

    *   Sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" (e.g., "highways and other public works").
    *   Sense 2: "recently past" (e.g., "the other evening").
    *   Sense 3: "belonging to the distant past" (e.g., "former generations").
    *   Sense 4: "very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected" (e.g., "a strange, other dimension").

    *   The phrase "holding other factors constant" is a common statistical/econometric expression.
    *   It means that while looking at the relationship between two specific variables (e.g., state tax rate and the vote difference), the researcher is controlling for *additional* variables (factors) that are not the primary ones being discussed but could influence the outcome.
    *   These "other factors" are factors *different from* the ones already mentioned or the primary ones under study.

    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied." In this case, the "other factors" are those besides the state tax rate and the vote difference.
    *   Sense 2 (recently past) does not fit.
    *   Sense 3 (distant past) does not fit.
    *   Sense 4 (unusual/strange) does not fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "factor" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other <t>factors</t> constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Senses:
1. definition=anything that contributes causally to a result | examples=a number of factors determined the outcome
2. definition=an abstract part of something | synonyms=component, constituent, element, ingredient | examples=jealousy was a component of his character; two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony
3. definition=one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer | synonyms=divisor | examples=what are the 4 factors of 6?
4. definition=a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission | synonyms=agent, broker
5. definition=any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
6. definition=an independent variable in statistics
7. definition=(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity | synonyms=gene, cistron | examples=genes were formerly called factors

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other <t>factors</t> constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   Target word: "factors"
    *   Key phrase: "holding other factors constant"

    *   Sense 1: anything that contributes causally to a result (e.g., "a number of factors determined the outcome").
    *   Sense 2: an abstract part of something (component, constituent, element).
    *   Sense 3: divisor (mathematics).
    *   Sense 4: businessman/agent/broker.
    *   Sense 5: numbers multiplied together (mathematics).
    *   Sense 6: an independent variable in statistics.
    *   Sense 7: genetics (gene).

    *   The phrase "holding other factors constant" is a classic expression used in statistics, econometrics, and scientific research.
    *   It refers to controlling for other variables (independent variables) to isolate the effect of one specific variable (in this case, the state tax rate) on a dependent variable (the difference between the gubernatorial vote and the lower house share).
    *   Sense 1 ("anything that contributes causally to a result") is very close and often used interchangeably in general language.
    *   Sense 6 ("an independent variable in statistics") is the precise technical meaning in the context of an "econometric investigation."

    *   The text explicitly mentions a "cross-state econometric investigation."
    *   Econometrics is a branch of statistics.
    *   "Holding other factors constant" (ceteris paribus) specifically refers to controlling independent variables.

    *   Sense 1 is a general causal factor.
    *   Sense 6 is a statistical independent variable.
    *   Given the "econometric investigation" context, Sense 6 is the most precise fit. However, let's re-evaluate if Sense 1 is more common or if Sense 6 is the intended specific meaning.
    *   In many dictionaries, "factor" in the context of "holding other factors constant" is treated as a variable.
    *   Let's look at the provided senses again.
    *   Sense 1: "anything that contributes causally to a result"
    *   Sense 6: "an independent variable in statistics"
    *   The context is "econometric investigation," which is statistical. "Holding other factors constant" is the definition of controlling independent variables.

    *   Is "factor" in "holding other factors constant" always a statistical variable? Yes, in this context.
    *   Is Sense 1 too broad? It's not wrong, but Sense 6 is more specific to the "econometric" nature of the text.
    *   Wait, let me double-check the standard usage. In many NLP datasets (like WordNet), "factor" as a variable is often listed.
    *   Let's re-read the context: "Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors..." (earlier in the text). This reinforces the idea of variables being controlled in a study.

    *   Sense 1: General causal influence.
    *   Sense 6: Statistical independent variable.
    *   The phrase "holding other factors constant" is the hallmark of controlling variables in a statistical/econometric model.

    *   If I have to choose between a general sense (1) and a specific technical sense (6) in a technical context (econometric investigation), the technical sense is usually the correct one.

    *   Context: "A cross-state econometric investigation... holding other factors constant..."
    *   Sense 6: "an independent variable in statistics"
    *   This matches perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "constant" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors <t>constant</t>, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Senses:
1. definition=unvarying in nature | synonyms=changeless, invariant, unvarying | examples=maintained a constant temperature; principles of unvarying validity
2. definition=steadfast in purpose or devotion or affection | examples=a man constant in adherence to his ideals; a constant lover
3. definition=uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing | synonyms=ceaseless, incessant, never-ending, perpetual, unceasing, unremitting | examples=the ceaseless thunder of surf; in constant pain

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...holding other factors <t>constant</t>, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   Target word: "constant"
    *   Usage: "holding other factors constant"

    *   Sense 1: "unvarying in nature" (changeless, invariant, unvarying). Example: "maintained a constant temperature".
    *   Sense 2: "steadfast in purpose or devotion or affection". Example: "a man constant in adherence to his ideals".
    *   Sense 3: "uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing" (ceaseless, incessant). Example: "in constant pain".

    *   The phrase "holding other factors constant" is a common expression in statistics and econometrics (ceteris paribus).
    *   It means that for the purpose of the analysis, those other factors are treated as if they do not change (they are kept invariant or unvarying).
    *   This matches Sense 1: "unvarying in nature", "invariant", "changeless".

    *   Sense 2 (steadfast/devoted) does not fit.
    *   Sense 3 (ceaseless/uninterrupted) does not fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "difference" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the <t>difference</t> between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Senses:
1. definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
4. definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference
5. definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...a cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the <t>difference</t> between a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   Target word: "difference"

    *   Sense 1: Quality of being unlike or dissimilar (e.g., jazz vs. rock).
    *   Sense 2: Variation deviating from a standard/norm (e.g., deviation from the mean).
    *   Sense 3: Disagreement or argument (e.g., dispute).
    *   Sense 4: Significant change (e.g., "the difference in her is amazing").
    *   Sense 5: The number that remains after subtraction (mathematical difference).

    *   The sentence describes an "econometric investigation."
    *   It mentions the "difference between a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house."
    *   This is a comparison of two numerical values (percentages or shares of votes).
    *   The result of this subtraction (Value A - Value B) is described as a "positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   This is a mathematical/statistical context.

    *   Sense 1 (dissimilarity) is too general.
    *   Sense 2 (deviation from norm) doesn't fit as well as a direct subtraction of two values.
    *   Sense 3 (disagreement) is completely wrong.
    *   Sense 4 (change) is wrong.
    *   Sense 5 (number remaining after subtraction) fits perfectly because it's comparing two numerical shares in an econometric model.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "state" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a <t>state</t>'s major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Senses:
1. definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the difference between a <t>state</t>'s major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   Target word: "state" (marked as `<t>state</t>`).

    *   The sentence discusses "major-party vote," "Republican gubernatorial candidate," "lower state house," and "state tax rate."
    *   It refers to a "cross-state econometric investigation."
    *   The context is about elections and government structures within the United States (Senate, Republican/Democratic parties, gubernatorial candidates).
    *   In this context, "state" refers to the administrative districts of the US (like Texas, California, New York, etc.).

    *   Sense 1: "the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south"
    *   Sense 2: "the way something is with respect to its main attributes" (Condition/Status)
    *   Sense 3: "the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state" (The government entity)
    *   Sense 4: "a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country" (Sovereign state)
    *   Sense 5: "(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter"
    *   Sense 6: "a state of depression or agitation" (Emotional state)
    *   Sense 7: "the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land" (Sovereign territory)
    *   Sense 8: "the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies" (State Department)

    *   The context refers to the sub-national administrative divisions of the US (where gubernatorial candidates and state houses exist).
    *   Sense 1 specifically describes "constituent administrative districts of a nation" and gives the example "his state is in the deep south," which perfectly matches the US state context.
    *   Sense 4 and 7 refer to sovereign nations.
    *   Sense 3 refers to the government of a sovereign state.

    *   The word "state" in "a <t>state</t>'s major-party vote" refers to one of the 50 US states.
    *   This matches Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "major" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's <t>major</t> - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Senses:
1. definition=of greater importance or stature or rank | examples=a major artist; a major role
2. definition=greater in scope or effect | examples=a major contribution; a major improvement
3. definition=greater in number or size or amount | examples=a major portion (a majority) of the population; Ursa Major
4. definition=of the field of academic study in which one concentrates or specializes | examples=his major field was mathematics
5. definition=of a scale or mode | examples=major scales; the key of D major
6. definition=of greater seriousness or danger | examples=a major earthquake; a major hurricane
7. definition=of full legal age
8. definition=of the elder of two boys with the same family name | examples=Jones major

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the difference between a state's <t>major</t> - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   Target word: "major" (used in "major-party vote").

    *   Sense 1: Greater importance, stature, or rank (e.g., major artist).
    *   Sense 2: Greater in scope or effect (e.g., major contribution).
    *   Sense 3: Greater in number, size, or amount (e.g., major portion/majority).
    *   Sense 4: Academic field of study.
    *   Sense 5: Musical scale/mode.
    *   Sense 6: Greater seriousness or danger (e.g., major earthquake).
    *   Sense 7: Full legal age.
    *   Sense 8: Elder of two boys.

    *   The phrase is "major-party vote".
    *   In political science, a "major party" refers to the political parties that have the most support/members/votes (e.g., Democrats and Republicans in the US).
    *   This relates to being "greater in number or size or amount" (Sense 3), as a major party is one that constitutes a majority or a significant portion of the political landscape compared to minor parties.

    *   Sense 1 (importance/rank): While major parties are important, the term "major party" specifically refers to their size/dominance in terms of votes/members.
    *   Sense 2 (scope/effect): Not quite.
    *   Sense 3 (number/size/amount): "a major portion (a majority) of the population". A major party is one that commands a majority or a large portion of the electorate. This fits best.
    *   Senses 4-8: Clearly irrelevant.

    *   "Major party" is a standard term for the dominant parties.
    *   Looking at Sense 3: "greater in number or size or amount | examples=a major portion (a majority) of the population".
    *   A major party is the party with the greater number of supporters.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "party" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - <t>party</t> vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Senses:
1. definition=an organization to gain political power | synonyms=political party | examples=in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level
2. definition=a group of people gathered together for pleasure | examples=she joined the party after dinner
3. definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=company | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
4. definition=an occasion on which people can assemble for social interaction and entertainment | examples=he planned a party to celebrate Bastille Day
5. definition=a person involved in legal proceedings | examples=the party of the first part

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the difference between a state's major - <t>party</t> vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   Target word: "party"
    *   Surrounding words: "major - party vote", "Republican gubernatorial candidate", "Republican share of the lower state house".

    *   Sense 1: An organization to gain political power (political party).
    *   Sense 2: A group of people gathered for pleasure.
    *   Sense 3: A band of people associated temporarily in some activity (company).
    *   Sense 4: An occasion for social interaction and entertainment.
    *   Sense 5: A person involved in legal proceedings.

    *   The context discusses the Senate, Democrats, Republicans, GOP candidates, voting, and gubernatorial candidates.
    *   "major - party vote" clearly refers to the political organization (Republican or Democratic).

    *   Sense 1 matches "political party".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "vote" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party <t>vote</t> going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Senses:
1. definition=a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative | synonyms=ballot, voting, balloting | examples=there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion; they allowed just one vote per person
2. definition=the opinion of a group as determined by voting | examples=they put the question to a vote
3. definition=a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment | synonyms=right to vote, suffrage | examples=American women got the vote in 1920
4. definition=a body of voters who have the same interests | examples=he failed to get the Black vote
5. definition=the total number of voters who participated | synonyms=voter turnout | examples=they are expecting a large vote

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the difference between a state's major - party <t>vote</t> going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   Target word: "vote"

    *   Sense 1: A choice made by counting people in favor (ballot, voting). Example: "17 votes in favor".
    *   Sense 2: The opinion of a group as determined by voting. Example: "put the question to a vote".
    *   Sense 3: Legal right to vote (suffrage). Example: "women got the vote".
    *   Sense 4: A body of voters with same interests. Example: "the Black vote".
    *   Sense 5: Total number of voters who participated (voter turnout). Example: "expecting a large vote".

    *   The phrase is "a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate".
    *   It refers to the proportion or the collective support (the "vote") that a specific party/candidate received.
    *   Looking at the context: "the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house..."
    *   This is comparing the "vote" (the support/percentage of votes) for the governor with the "share" (percentage) for the house.
    *   Does it mean a single choice (Sense 1)? No.
    *   Does it mean the opinion of a group (Sense 2)? Not exactly.
    *   Does it mean the right to vote (Sense 3)? No.
    *   Does it mean a body of voters (Sense 4)? "The Republican vote" or "the major-party vote" often refers to the group of people voting for that party or the collective support from that group.
    *   Does it mean voter turnout (Sense 5)? No.

    *   "the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate..."
    *   Wait, "major-party vote" here likely refers to the total number or percentage of votes cast for the major party candidate.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 4: "a body of voters who have the same interests". Example: "the Black vote".
    *   In "the major-party vote", is it referring to the *people* (the body of voters) or the *count*?
    *   Actually, looking at the phrasing "the difference between [the vote] ... and [the share]", it's comparing two numerical values.
    *   If it's a numerical value, is it Sense 1 (a choice/count) or Sense 4 (the group)?
    *   Usually, "the [X] vote" (e.g., the youth vote, the Hispanic vote, the Republican vote) refers to the collective voting behavior or the group of voters.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative".
    *   Let's look at Sense 4 again: "a body of voters who have the same interests".
    *   In the phrase "the major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate", it's talking about the portion of the vote.
    *   Wait, "major-party vote" might be a typo or a specific term. Let's look at the sentence again: "the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house".
    *   This sounds like it's referring to the *percentage* of the vote.
    *   Is "the [group] vote" (Sense 4) used to mean the percentage of votes that group gave? Yes, often. "The Black vote went to Obama" means the majority of that group voted for him.
    *   However, "major-party vote" is slightly different. It's not a demographic group.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1. "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative". This is very broad.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 4. "a body of voters who have the same interests".
    *   If the text says "the major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate", it's referring to the collective support.
    *   Let's compare "the Black vote" (Sense 4) with "the major-party vote". They are structurally similar.

    *   Sense 1: "there were only 17 votes in favor" (individual counts).
    *   Sense 4: "he failed to get the Black vote" (the collective support of a group).
    *   The context "a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate" refers to the collective support/percentage of the vote. This aligns better with Sense 4 than Sense 1.

    *   "the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house"
    *   If "vote" here means the percentage of the total votes cast for the major party candidates, it's describing the result of the voting process.
    *   Is "major-party vote" a "body of voters"? Not really. The "major-party voters" would be the body. The "vote" is the result.
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again. "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative".
    *   Actually, looking at the examples for Sense 4 ("the Black vote"), it refers to the collective support of a specific demographic. "Major-party vote" is similar in that it's the collective support of a specific group (those voting for the major parties).

    *   Sense 1: Individual votes or the act of voting.
    *   Sense 2: The process/decision ("put it to a vote").
    *   Sense 3: Suffrage.
    *   Sense 4: The collective support of a group ("the youth vote", "the Black vote").
    *   Sense 5: Turnout.

    The phrase "the major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate" refers to the collective support (the percentage/total) of the major-party voters. This matches the pattern of Sense 4.

    *Self-Correction:* Is "major-party vote" really a "body of voters"? In "the Black vote", "vote" is used metonymically for "the votes of the Black people" or "the Black voters". Similarly, "the major-party vote" is the "votes of the major-party voters".

    Let's double-check Sense 1. "a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative". This is a bit vague. "17 votes in favor" are individual counts. "The major-party vote" is not an individual count.

    Therefore, Sense 4 is the most fitting.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "go" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote <t>going</t> to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Senses:
1. definition=change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically | synonyms=travel, move, locomote | examples=How fast does your new car go?; We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus
2. definition=follow a procedure or take a course | synonyms=proceed, move | examples=We should go farther in this matter; She went through a lot of trouble
3. definition=move away from a place into another direction | synonyms=go away, depart | examples=Go away before I start to cry; The train departs at noon
4. definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=become, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
5. definition=be awarded; be allotted | examples=The first prize goes to Mary; Her money went on clothes
6. definition=have a particular form | synonyms=run | examples=the story or argument runs as follows; as the saying goes...
7. definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=run, pass, lead, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
8. definition=follow a certain course | synonyms=proceed | examples=The inauguration went well; how did your interview go?
9. definition=be abolished or discarded | examples=These ugly billboards have to go!; These luxuries all had to go under the Khmer Rouge
10. definition=be or continue to be in a certain condition | examples=The children went hungry that day
11. definition=make a certain noise or sound | synonyms=sound | examples=She went `Mmmmm'; The gun went `bang'
12. definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, work, operate, run | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
13. definition=to be spent or finished | synonyms=run low, run short | examples=The money had gone after a few days; Gas is running low at the gas stations in the Midwest
14. definition=progress by being changed | synonyms=move, run | examples=The speech has to go through several more drafts; run through your presentation before the meeting
15. definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, last, live, live on, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
16. definition=pass, fare, or elapse; of a certain state of affairs or action | examples=How is it going?; The day went well until I got your call
17. definition=pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life | synonyms=die, decease, perish, exit, pass away, expire | examples=She died from cancer; The children perished in the fire
18. definition=be in the right place or situation | synonyms=belong | examples=Where do these books belong?; Let's put health care where it belongs--under the control of the government
19. definition=be ranked or compare | examples=This violinist is as good as Juilliard-trained violinists go
20. definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=start, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
21. definition=have a turn; make one's move in a game | synonyms=move | examples=Can I go now?
22. definition=be contained in | examples=How many times does 18 go into 54?
23. definition=be sounded, played, or expressed | examples=How does this song go again?
24. definition=blend or harmonize | synonyms=blend, blend in | examples=This flavor will blend with those in your dish; This sofa won't go with the chairs
25. definition=lead, extend, or afford access | synonyms=lead | examples=This door goes to the basement; The road runs South
26. definition=be the right size or shape; fit correctly or as desired | synonyms=fit | examples=This piece won't fit into the puzzle
27. definition=go through in search of something; search through someone's belongings in an unauthorized way | synonyms=rifle | examples=Who rifled through my desk drawers?
28. definition=be spent | examples=All my money went for food and rent
29. definition=give support (to) or make a choice (of) one out of a group or number | synonyms=plump | examples=I plumped for the losing candidates
30. definition=stop operating or functioning | synonyms=fail, go bad, give way, die, give out, conk out | examples=The engine finally went; The car died on the road

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the difference between a state's major - party vote <t>going</t> to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   Target word: "going" (from "go").
    *   Meaning in context: The "vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate" means the votes were awarded to or cast for that candidate.

    *   1: change location; move, travel, or proceed (No)
    *   2: follow a procedure or take a course (No)
    *   3: move away from a place (No)
    *   4: enter or assume a certain state or condition (No)
    *   5: be awarded; be allotted (Example: "The first prize goes to Mary") - *This looks promising.*
    *   6: have a particular form (No)
    *   7: stretch out over a distance (No)
    *   8: follow a certain course (No)
    *   9: be abolished or discarded (No)
    *   10: be or continue to be in a certain condition (No)
    *   11: make a certain noise or sound (No)
    *   12: perform as expected (No)
    *   13: be spent or finished (No)
    *   14: progress by being changed (No)
    *   15: continue to live through hardship (No)
    *   16: pass, fare, or elapse (No)
    *   17: die (No)
    *   18: be in the right place or situation (No)
    *   19: be ranked or compare (No)
    *   20: begin or set in motion (No)
    *   21: have a turn (No)
    *   22: be contained in (No)
    *   23: be sounded, played, or expressed (No)
    *   24: blend or harmonize (No)
    *   25: lead, extend, or afford access (No)
    *   26: be the right size or shape (No)
    *   27: search through (No)
    *   28: be spent (No)
    *   29: give support (to) or make a choice (of) one out of a group or number (Example: "I plumped for the losing candidates") - *Wait, this is about the person voting, but the target word "going" describes the vote itself.*
    *   30: stop operating (No)

    *   Sense 5: "be awarded; be allotted" (Example: "The first prize goes to Mary").
    *   Sense 29: "give support (to) or make a choice (of) one out of a group or number" (Example: "I plumped for the losing candidates").

    In the phrase "a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate", the subject is "vote". The vote is "going to" the candidate. This matches the structure of "The first prize goes to Mary" (Sense 5). Sense 29 describes the *voter's* action ("I plumped for..."), whereas Sense 5 describes the *thing* (prize, vote) being awarded or allotted.

    *   "The vote goes to the candidate" = The vote is awarded/allotted to the candidate.
    *   Sense 5: "be awarded; be allotted" (Example: "The first prize goes to Mary").

    This fits perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "republican" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the <t>Republican</t> gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text discussing political staffing, voting patterns, and party control in the US Senate and state governments. It mentions "Republican presidential and senatorial candidates," "GOP candidates," "Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines," and specifically the target word: "the <t>Republican</t> gubernatorial candidate."
    *   Target word: "Republican" (marked with <t></t>).
    *   Senses:
        1.  Relating to or belonging to the Republican Party (e.g., a Republican senator).
        2.  Relating to a republican form of government (supreme power lying with citizens/representatives).

    *   The text mentions "Democrats," "GOP candidates" (GOP stands for Grand Old Party, a nickname for the Republican Party), and "Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines."
    *   The specific phrase is "the <t>Republican</t> gubernatorial candidate."
    *   In the context of US politics, a "Republican gubernatorial candidate" is a candidate for governor who belongs to the Republican Party.

    *   Sense 1: "relating to or belonging to the Republican Party" - This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens..." - This refers to the *concept* of republicanism (as opposed to monarchy), not the specific political party.

    *   The word "Republican" here refers to the political party.
    *   Correct sense: 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "candidate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial <t>candidate</t> and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Senses:
1. definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text discussing political staffing, voting patterns, and the relationship between tax burdens and votes for Republican candidates (presidential, senatorial, and gubernatorial).
    *   Target word: "candidate" (specifically "Republican gubernatorial <t>candidate</t>").
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  A politician who is running for public office (synonyms: campaigner, nominee).
        2.  Someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) (synonyms: prospect).

    *   The sentence is: "A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial <t>candidate</t> and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   "Gubernatorial candidate" refers to a person running for the office of governor.

    *   Sense 1: "a politician who is running for public office". This fits perfectly. A gubernatorial candidate is running for the public office of governor.
    *   Sense 2: "someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)". While a candidate is "considered" for office, Sense 1 is much more specific to the political context of running for public office, which is exactly what is happening here. Sense 2 is a broader definition (e.g., a candidate for a job, a candidate for an award).

    *   The context is explicitly about elections, voting, and political parties.
    *   "Republican gubernatorial candidate" clearly refers to a politician running for office.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "republican" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the <t>Republican</t> share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text discussing political staffing, voting patterns, and the Republican party (GOP) in the US Senate and state governments.
    *   Target word: `<t>Republican</t>` in the phrase "...the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the <t>Republican</t> share of the lower state house..."
    *   Senses:
        1.  Relating to or belonging to the Republican Party (e.g., a Republican senator).
        2.  Relating to a form of government where power lies with the citizens (e.g., a republican form of government).

    *   The text mentions "Democrats", "Republican presidential and senatorial candidates", "GOP candidates", and "Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines".
    *   The specific sentence is: "...the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the <t>Republican</t> share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   In this context, "Republican" clearly refers to the political party (the Republican Party), not the general concept of a republic.

    *   Sense 1: "relating to or belonging to the Republican Party" - This matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens..." - This does not match.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "share" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican <t>share</t> of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Senses:
1. definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=portion, part, percentage | examples=he wanted his share in cash
2. definition=any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided and ownership of which is evidenced by a stock certificate | examples=he bought 100 shares of IBM at the market price
3. definition=the allotment of some amount by dividing something | synonyms=parcel, portion | examples=death gets more than its share of attention from theologians
4. definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=contribution, part | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work
5. definition=a sharp steel wedge that cuts loose the top layer of soil | synonyms=plowshare, ploughshare

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the difference between a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican <t>share</t> of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   Target word: "share"
    *   Contextual meaning: The "Republican share of the lower state house" refers to the proportion or percentage of seats/votes the Republican party holds or received in the lower state house.

    *   Sense 1: assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=portion, part, percentage | examples=he wanted his share in cash. (This fits the idea of a percentage or portion of a whole).
    *   Sense 2: any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided... (Stock market sense. Not applicable).
    *   Sense 3: the allotment of some amount by dividing something | synonyms=parcel, portion | examples=death gets more than its share of attention from theologians. (This is more about distribution/allotment).
    *   Sense 4: the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=contribution, part | examples=I am proud of my contribution... (Contribution/effort sense. Not applicable).
    *   Sense 5: a sharp steel wedge that cuts loose the top layer of soil | synonyms=plowshare... (Agricultural tool. Not applicable).

    *   The context refers to the "Republican share of the lower state house." This means the percentage or portion of the house held by Republicans.
    *   Sense 1 defines "share" as "assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group" with synonyms "portion, part, percentage."
    *   While "assets" might seem slightly off, the synonyms "portion, part, percentage" fit perfectly. In political science/statistics, "share" almost always means the percentage of the total.

    *   Sense 1: portion, part, percentage. (Fits)
    *   Sense 3: allotment of some amount. (Less fitting than percentage).

    The "Republican share" is the percentage of seats/votes. Sense 1 is the best fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "house" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state <t>house</t> is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Senses:
1. definition=a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families | examples=he has a house on Cape Cod; she felt she had to get out of the house
2. definition=the members of a business organization that owns or operates one or more establishments | synonyms=firm, business firm | examples=he worked for a brokerage house
3. definition=the members of a religious community living together
4. definition=the audience gathered together in a theatre or cinema | examples=the house applauded; he counted the house
5. definition=an official assembly having legislative powers | examples=a bicameral legislature has two houses
6. definition=aristocratic family line | examples=the House of York
7. definition=play in which children take the roles of father or mother or children and pretend to interact like adults | examples=the children were playing house
8. definition=(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided | synonyms=sign of the zodiac, star sign, sign, mansion, planetary house
9. definition=the management of a gambling house or casino | examples=the house gets a percentage of every bet
10. definition=a social unit living together | synonyms=family, household, home, menage | examples=he moved his family to Virginia; It was a good Christian household
11. definition=a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented | synonyms=theater, theatre | examples=the house was full
12. definition=a building in which something is sheltered or located | examples=they had a large carriage house

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state <t>house</t> is a positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   Target word: "house"
    *   Surrounding words: "lower state house", "Republican share of the", "state's major - party vote", "Republican gubernatorial candidate".

    *   The context discusses elections, political parties (Republican, Democratic), government levels (federal, state), and legislative bodies (Senate, lower state house).
    *   "Lower state house" refers to the lower chamber of a state's legislative body (e.g., the House of Representatives or State Assembly).

    *   Sense 1: Dwelling/living quarters (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Business organization (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Religious community (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Audience in a theatre (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Official assembly having legislative powers (Correct - "a bicameral legislature has two houses")
    *   Sense 6: Aristocratic family line (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Children's game (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: Astrology (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 9: Gambling house management (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 10: Social unit/family (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 11: Theatre building (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 12: Building for shelter (Incorrect)

    *   The term "lower state house" clearly refers to a legislative body. Sense 5 defines "house" as "an official assembly having legislative powers."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "positive" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a <t>positive</t> function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Senses:
1. definition=characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc. | examples=a positive attitude; the reviews were all positive
2. definition=persuaded of; very sure | synonyms=convinced, confident | examples=were convinced that it would be to their advantage to join; I am positive he is lying
3. definition=involving advantage or good | synonyms=plus | examples=a plus (or positive) factor
4. definition=indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen | synonyms=confirming | examples=a positive pregnancy test
5. definition=formally laid down or imposed | synonyms=prescribed | examples=positive laws
6. definition=impossible to deny or disprove | synonyms=incontrovertible, irrefutable | examples=incontrovertible proof of the defendant's innocence; proof positive
7. definition=of or relating to positivism | synonyms=positivist, positivistic | examples=positivist thinkers; positivist doctrine
8. definition=reckoned, situated or tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress or onward motion | examples=positive increase in graduating students
9. definition=greater than zero | examples=positive numbers
10. definition=having a positive charge | synonyms=electropositive, positively charged | examples=protons are positive
11. definition=marked by excessive confidence | synonyms=cocksure, overconfident | examples=an arrogant and cocksure materialist; so overconfident and impudent as to speak to the queen

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the difference between a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a <t>positive</t> function of the state tax rate."
    *   Key phrase: "positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   Meaning: In mathematics and statistics, a "positive function" (or more accurately, a positive relationship/correlation) means that as one variable increases, the other also increases.

    *   Sense 1: Affirmation/acceptance (e.g., positive attitude). -> No.
    *   Sense 2: Sure/convinced. -> No.
    *   Sense 3: Advantage/good (e.g., plus factor). -> No.
    *   Sense 4: Presence of condition (e.g., positive test). -> No.
    *   Sense 5: Formally laid down (e.g., positive laws). -> No.
    *   Sense 6: Impossible to deny (e.g., proof positive). -> No.
    *   Sense 7: Positivism. -> No.
    *   Sense 8: Reckoned, situated or tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress or onward motion. (Example: positive increase). -> This fits the idea of a positive correlation/relationship (as X increases, Y increases).
    *   Sense 9: Greater than zero. -> While a positive function results in values greater than zero in some contexts, in the context of a "positive function of [variable]", it usually refers to the direction of the relationship (positive correlation). However, let's re-evaluate Sense 8 and 9.
    *   Sense 10: Positive charge. -> No.
    *   Sense 11: Overconfident. -> No.

    *   Sense 8: "reckoned, situated or tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress or onward motion".
    *   Sense 9: "greater than zero".
    *   In the phrase "positive function of the state tax rate", it means that as the tax rate increases, the difference (the dependent variable) also increases. This describes the *direction* of the relationship.
    *   Looking at Sense 8 again: "tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase". This aligns perfectly with the mathematical concept of a positive correlation/slope.

    *   "the difference... is a positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   This is a standard way of saying there is a positive correlation.
    *   Sense 8 specifically mentions "tending in the direction... to indicate increase".

    *   Sense 9 is about the value itself being > 0.
    *   Sense 8 is about the direction of change/increase.
    *   A "positive function" in this context refers to the relationship (slope), not just that the result is a positive number.

    *   Sense 8 is the best fit for a "positive function" (positive correlation).


[User]
Which numbered sense of "function" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive <t>function</t> of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Senses:
1. definition=(mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function) | synonyms=mathematical function, single-valued function, map, mapping
2. definition=what something is used for | synonyms=purpose, role, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
3. definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=office, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. definition=a relation such that one thing is dependent on another | examples=height is a function of age; price is a function of supply and demand
5. definition=a formal or official social gathering or ceremony | examples=it was a black-tie function
6. definition=a vaguely specified social event | synonyms=affair, occasion, social occasion, social function | examples=the party was quite an affair; an occasion arranged to honor the president
7. definition=a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program | synonyms=routine, subroutine, subprogram, procedure

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the difference between a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive <t>function</t> of the state tax rate."
    *   Key phrase: "positive function of the state tax rate."
    *   Earlier in the text, a similar phrase is used: "the difference between popular votes... turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state."

    *   Sense 1: (mathematics) a mathematical relation (domain/range).
    *   Sense 2: what something is used for (purpose).
    *   Sense 3: actions/activities assigned to a person/group (role).
    *   Sense 4: a relation such that one thing is dependent on another (e.g., "height is a function of age").
    *   Sense 5: formal social gathering.
    *   Sense 6: vaguely specified social event.
    *   Sense 7: computer program routine.

    *   The text describes a relationship between two variables: "the difference between [vote shares]" and "the state tax rate."
    *   It says one is a "positive function" of the other.
    *   This means as the state tax rate changes, the difference in vote shares changes in a predictable (positive) way.
    *   This matches Sense 4: "a relation such that one thing is dependent on another."

    *   Sense 1 is strictly mathematical. While this is a statistical/econometric context, "function of" in the sense of "dependent on" is specifically captured by Sense 4.
    *   Sense 4's example "height is a function of age" is almost identical in structure to "the difference... is a positive function of the state tax rate."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "state" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the <t>state</t> tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Senses:
1. definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the <t>state</t> tax rate."
    *   Target word: "state" (in "state tax rate").

    *   Sense 1: Territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation (e.g., province, US state).
    *   Sense 2: The way something is (condition/status).
    *   Sense 3: The group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state.
    *   Sense 4: A politically organized body of people under a single government (nation/country).
    *   Sense 5: State of matter (chemistry).
    *   Sense 6: State of depression or agitation.
    *   Sense 7: Territory occupied by a nation.
    *   Sense 8: US Department of State.

    *   The text discusses the US Senate, Republican and Democratic candidates, gubernatorial candidates, and "lower state house".
    *   The phrase is "state tax rate".
    *   In the US context, a "state tax rate" refers to the tax rate set by a constituent administrative district (a US state), not the federal government (the sovereign state).
    *   The text explicitly compares "federal and state government levels".
    *   Therefore, "state" here refers to the constituent administrative district of the nation (the US).

    *   Sense 1: "the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south"
    *   This matches perfectly.

    *   Sense 3 and 4 refer to the sovereign state (the nation as a whole).
    *   Sense 8 is the Department of State.
    *   The context is clearly about the sub-national entities (US states).