[User]
Which numbered sense of "genetic" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of <t>genetic</t> material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Senses:
1. definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | synonyms=familial, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible | examples=an inherited disease; familial traits
2. definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | synonyms=genic, genetical | examples=genic combinations; genetic code
3. definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | synonyms=genetical | examples=genetic research

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...snippets of <t>genetic</t> material that can track a gene's presence in a cell."
    *   Target word: "genetic"
    *   Surrounding phrase: "genetic material"

    *   Sense 1: occurring among members of a family usually by heredity (familial, hereditary). Example: inherited disease.
    *   Sense 2: of or relating to or produced by or being a gene (genic). Example: genetic code.
    *   Sense 3: pertaining to or referring to origin. Example: genetic history of a literary work.
    *   Sense 4: of or relating to the science of genetics. Example: genetic research.

    *   The phrase is "genetic material".
    *   "Genetic material" refers to the DNA or RNA that carries genetic information (the genes themselves).
    *   Does it mean "hereditary material" (Sense 1)? While related, "genetic material" is a technical term for the substance (DNA/RNA) that *is* the gene/contains the gene.
    *   Does it mean "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene" (Sense 2)? Yes. DNA is the material that *is* the gene. "Genetic code" is a very similar example to "genetic material".
    *   Does it mean "pertaining to origin" (Sense 3)? No.
    *   Does it mean "relating to the science of genetics" (Sense 4)? No, the material itself isn't the science; it's the biological substance.

    *   Sense 1 is about the *pattern* of inheritance (familial).
    *   Sense 2 is about the *biological entity* (the gene/DNA).
    *   "Genetic material" = DNA/RNA. This fits Sense 2 ("of or relating to or produced by or being a gene").

    *   Sense 2: "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene".
    *   "Genetic material" fits this perfectly.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "material" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic <t>material</t> that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Senses:
1. definition=the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object | synonyms=stuff | examples=coal is a hard black material; wheat is the stuff they use to make bread
2. definition=information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form | examples=the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography
3. definition=artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers | synonyms=fabric, cloth, textile | examples=the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent; woven cloth originated in Mesopotamia around 5000 BC
4. definition=things needed for doing or making something | examples=writing materials; useful teaching materials
5. definition=a person judged suitable for admission or employment | examples=he was university material; she was vice-presidential material

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...snippets of genetic <t>material</t> that can track a gene's presence in a cell."
    *   Target word: "material"
    *   Contextual clues: "genetic material", "snippets of", "track a gene's presence in a cell".

    *   Sense 1: "the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object" (synonyms: stuff). Example: coal, wheat.
    *   Sense 2: "information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form". Example: archives for a biography.
    *   Sense 3: "artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers" (synonyms: fabric, cloth, textile). Example: curtains.
    *   Sense 4: "things needed for doing or making something". Example: writing materials.
    *   Sense 5: "a person judged suitable for admission or employment". Example: university material.

    *   "Genetic material" refers to the physical substance (DNA/RNA) that makes up genes.
    *   This fits Sense 1: "the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object". DNA is the physical substance of the genome.

    *   Sense 2 (information) is tempting because genes carry information, but "snippets of genetic material" refers to the physical pieces of DNA used as probes.
    *   Sense 3 (fabric) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 4 (supplies) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 5 (suitability) is incorrect.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "presence" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's <t>presence</t> in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Senses:
1. definition=the state of being present; current existence | examples=he tested for the presence of radon
2. definition=the immediate proximity of someone or something | synonyms=front | examples=she blushed in his presence; he sensed the presence of danger
3. definition=an invisible spiritual being felt to be nearby
4. definition=the impression that something is present | examples=he felt the presence of an evil force
5. definition=dignified manner or conduct | synonyms=bearing, comportment, mien
6. definition=the act of being present

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's <t>presence</t> in a cell."
    *   Target word: "presence"
    *   Meaning in context: The fact that a gene exists or is located within a cell.

    *   Sense 1: "the state of being present; current existence" (Example: "he tested for the presence of radon").
    *   Sense 2: "the immediate proximity of someone or something" (Example: "she blushed in his presence").
    *   Sense 3: "an invisible spiritual being felt to be nearby".
    *   Sense 4: "the impression that something is present" (Example: "he felt the presence of an evil force").
    *   Sense 5: "dignified manner or conduct" (Example: bearing, comportment).
    *   Sense 6: "the act of being present".

    *   The context describes "gene probes" tracking whether a gene is there (exists) in a cell.
    *   This matches Sense 1: "the state of being present; current existence". The example "tested for the presence of radon" is very similar to "track a gene's presence".

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a <t>cell</t>. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The team used a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes,' snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a <t>cell</t>. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors..."
    *   Key terms: "gene probes", "genetic material", "gene's presence", "cells extracted from eye tumors".
    *   The context is clearly biological/medical, specifically genetics and cancer research.

    *   Sense 1: any small compartment (e.g., honeycomb).
    *   Sense 2: (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
    *   Sense 3: electric current device (battery).
    *   Sense 4: small unit of a political movement (cadre).
    *   Sense 5: mobile phone.
    *   Sense 6: monk/nun's room.
    *   Sense 7: prisoner's room.

    *   The context refers to biological cells (the basic unit of life) where genes are located and from which tumors are composed.
    *   This matches Sense 2 perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "analyze" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By <t>analyzing</t> cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Senses:
1. definition=consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning | synonyms=analyse, study, examine, canvass, canvas | examples=analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial
2. definition=make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features | synonyms=analyse, break down, dissect, take apart | examples=analyze a specimen; analyze a sentence
3. definition=break down into components or essential features | synonyms=analyse | examples=analyze today's financial market
4. definition=subject to psychoanalytic treatment | synonyms=analyse, psychoanalyze, psychoanalyse | examples=I was analyzed in Vienna by a famous psychiatrist

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "By <t>analyzing</t> cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13..."
    *   Action: Analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors.
    *   Goal/Result: Finding defects in the second copy of chromosome 13.
    *   Method: Using "gene probes" (snippets of genetic material).

    *   Sense 1: "consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning" (e.g., analyze a sonnet, analyze evidence). This is more about conceptual or logical analysis.
    *   Sense 2: "make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features" (e.g., analyze a specimen, analyze a sentence). This involves physical or structural breakdown/examination of a sample.
    *   Sense 3: "break down into components or essential features" (e.g., analyze today's financial market). This is similar to Sense 2 but often used for abstract systems (like markets).
    *   Sense 4: "subject to psychoanalytic treatment" (e.g., analyzed in Vienna). Clearly not applicable.

    *   The context involves "cells extracted from eye tumors" and "gene probes."
    *   This is a biological/chemical analysis of a physical specimen.
    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "analyze a specimen" and "chemical analysis."
    *   Sense 1 is too general/conceptual.
    *   Sense 3 is more about systems/markets.

    *   The action of analyzing cells to find genetic defects fits perfectly with "make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features" and the example "analyze a specimen."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing <t>cells</t> extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "By analyzing <t>cells</t> extracted from eye tumors..."
    *   Keywords: "microscope", "chromosome 13", "gene", "cancer", "molecular geneticist", "gene probes", "genetic material", "eye tumors".
    *   The context is clearly biological/medical, referring to the basic units of life that make up tissues (tumors).

    *   Sense 1: Small compartment (e.g., honeycomb).
    *   Sense 2: (Biology) basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
    *   Sense 3: Electric current device (battery).
    *   Sense 4: Political movement unit (cadre).
    *   Sense 5: Mobile phone.
    *   Sense 6: Monk/nun's room.
    *   Sense 7: Prisoner's room.

    *   The context describes analyzing biological units extracted from tumors. This matches Sense 2 perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "extract" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells <t>extracted</t> from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Senses:
1. definition=remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense | synonyms=pull out, pull, pull up, take out, draw out | examples=pull weeds; extract a bad tooth
2. definition=get despite difficulties or obstacles | examples=I extracted a promise from the Dean for two new positions
3. definition=deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning) | synonyms=educe, evoke, elicit, draw out | examples=We drew out some interesting linguistic data from the native informant
4. definition=extract by the process of distillation | synonyms=distill, distil | examples=distill the essence of this compound
5. definition=separate (a metal) from an ore
6. definition=obtain from a substance, as by mechanical action | synonyms=press out, express | examples=Italians express coffee rather than filter it
7. definition=take out of a literary work in order to cite or copy | synonyms=excerpt, take out
8. definition=calculate the root of a number

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "By analyzing cells <t>extracted</t> from eye tumors..."
    *   Target word: "extracted"
    *   Meaning in context: The cells were taken out or removed from the eye tumors for analysis.

    *   Sense 1: remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense (pull out, take out).
    *   Sense 2: get despite difficulties or obstacles (e.g., a promise).
    *   Sense 3: deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning).
    *   Sense 4: extract by the process of distillation.
    *   Sense 5: separate (a metal) from an ore.
    *   Sense 6: obtain from a substance, as by mechanical action (e.g., pressing coffee).
    *   Sense 7: take out of a literary work in order to cite or copy.
    *   Sense 8: calculate the root of a number.

    *   The cells were physically removed from the tumor.
    *   Sense 1 ("remove... take out") fits best.
    *   Sense 6 ("obtain from a substance, as by mechanical action") usually refers to liquids or essences (like coffee or oil), not whole cells from a tissue sample.
    *   Sense 1 is the general term for removing something from a larger whole.

    *   "extracted from eye tumors" $\approx$ "taken out of eye tumors".
    *   This matches Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "eye" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from <t>eye</t> tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Senses:
1. definition=the organ of sight | synonyms=oculus, optic
2. definition=good discernment (either visually or as if visually) | examples=she has an eye for fresh talent; he has an artist's eye
3. definition=attention to what is seen | examples=he tried to catch her eye
4. definition=an area that is approximately central within some larger region | synonyms=center, centre, middle, heart | examples=it is in the center of town; they ran forward into the heart of the struggle
5. definition=a small hole or loop (as in a needle) | examples=the thread wouldn't go through the eye

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "By analyzing cells extracted from <t>eye</t> tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13..."
    *   Target word: "eye"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  The organ of sight.
        2.  Good discernment.
        3.  Attention to what is seen.
        4.  Central area.
        5.  Small hole or loop.

    *   The phrase is "eye tumors".
    *   Tumors are growths in a body part.
    *   "Eye tumors" refers to tumors located in the organ of sight.

    *   Sense 1: "the organ of sight" - Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "good discernment" - Does not match.
    *   Sense 3: "attention to what is seen" - Does not match.
    *   Sense 4: "central area" - Does not match.
    *   Sense 5: "small hole or loop" - Does not match.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "find" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they <t>found</t> defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Senses:
1. definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they <t>found</t> defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
    *   Target word: "found" (past tense of "find").
    *   Action: Analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors.
    *   Result: They discovered/detected defects in the second copy of chromosome 13.

    *   Sense 1: Come upon by accident (e.g., "find this idea in Plato"). (Not accidental; they were analyzing cells).
    *   Sense 2: Discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of (synonyms: detect, observe, discover, notice). Example: "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water." (This fits well: they detected/observed defects).
    *   Sense 3: Come upon after searching for something lost (e.g., "find your glasses"). (Not looking for something lost).
    *   Sense 4: Establish after calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (synonyms: determine, find out, ascertain). Example: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize." (This also fits well, as they were conducting a scientific investigation).
    *   Sense 5: Believe based on emotion/intuition (e.g., "I find him obnoxious"). (Not emotional).
    *   Sense 6: Perceive or be contemporaneous with (e.g., "found Republicans winning"). (Not the case here).
    *   Sense 7: Get something for a specific purpose (e.g., "found this gadget"). (Not the case here).
    *   Sense 8: Make a discovery, make a new finding (e.g., "Roentgen discovered X-rays"). (This is more about a general discovery of a new phenomenon/element).
    *   Sense 9: Make a discovery (e.g., "found that he had lied"). (Usually followed by a "that" clause).
    *   Sense 10: Obtain through effort (e.g., "found the time"). (Not the case here).
    *   Sense 11: Decide/declare (e.g., "find someone guilty"). (Not a legal ruling).
    *   Sense 12: Receive treatment (e.g., "find expression"). (Not the case here).
    *   Sense 13: Perceive oneself in a condition (e.g., "found myself in a difficult situation"). (Not the case here).
    *   Sense 14: Recover (e.g., "found her voice"). (Not the case here).
    *   Sense 15: Reach/arrive at (e.g., "arrow found its mark"). (Not the case here).
    *   Sense 16: Find oneself (personality/abilities). (Not the case here).

    *   Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" (detect, observe). Example: "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water."
    *   Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" (determine, find out, ascertain). Example: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize."
    *   Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" (discover). Example: "Roentgen discovered X-rays."

    *   The sentence says: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects..."
    *   They were looking for something (defects) using a specific method (analyzing cells with gene probes).
    *   Sense 2 focuses on detecting the *presence* of something (like lead in water).
    *   Sense 4 focuses on establishing a fact through *investigation/experiment*.
    *   Sense 8 focuses on a *major scientific discovery* (like X-rays).

    Let's look closer at Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint".
    This matches "found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13" very closely. They detected the presence of defects.

    Let's look closer at Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize".
    While they were doing an investigation, the act of "finding defects" is more about detecting their presence (Sense 2) than establishing a general fact or calculating a result (Sense 4).

    Let's look closer at Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays".
    This is usually for a groundbreaking discovery of a new thing, not detecting a specific defect in a sample.

    Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 4 again:
    Sense 2: "found traces of lead in the paint" $\approx$ "found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13".
    Sense 4: "found the elusive particle" $\approx$ "found the answer" (which appears earlier in the text: "found the answer").

    Wait, the text says: "Then, a scientific team... found the answer." (This might be Sense 4 or 8).
    But the target word is the *second* "found": "they <t>found</t> defects in the second copy of chromosome 13".

    "Found defects" is very similar to "found traces of lead". Both are about detecting the presence of something specific in a sample.

    Sense 2: discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of.
    Context: "found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13".
    This is a perfect match for detecting the presence of something.

    Sense 4: establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study.
    While the *process* was an investigation, the *action* of finding the defects is the detection of their presence.

    Sense 8: make a discovery.
    This is usually for a new species, a new element, etc.

    Sense 2 is the most precise fit for "found defects".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "defect" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found <t>defects</t> in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Senses:
1. definition=an imperfection in a bodily system | examples=visual defects; this device permits detection of defects in the lungs
2. definition=a failing or deficiency | synonyms=shortcoming | examples=that interpretation is an unfortunate defect of our lack of information
3. definition=an imperfection in an object or machine | synonyms=fault, flaw | examples=a flaw caused the crystal to shatter; if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer
4. definition=a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something (especially on a person's body) | synonyms=blemish, mar | examples=a facial blemish

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A scientific passage about chromosomes, genes, and cancer. Specifically, "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found <t>defects</t> in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
    *   Target word: "defects"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Imperfection in a bodily system (e.g., visual defects, defects in the lungs).
        2.  Failing or deficiency (e.g., shortcoming, lack of information).
        3.  Imperfection in an object or machine (e.g., fault, flaw in a crystal).
        4.  Mark or flaw spoiling appearance (e.g., blemish).

    *   The "defects" are located in "the second copy of chromosome 13".
    *   Chromosomes are part of the biological/bodily system (specifically, the genetic makeup of cells).
    *   The context describes missing pieces of chromosomes and genes, which are biological imperfections.

    *   Sense 1: "an imperfection in a bodily system". This fits perfectly. Chromosomes are part of the biological system of the body.
    *   Sense 2: "a failing or deficiency" (abstract/metaphorical). Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 3: "an imperfection in an object or machine". While a chromosome is a physical thing, it's biological, not a manufactured object or machine.
    *   Sense 4: "a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance". Not applicable here.

    *   The context refers to genetic abnormalities (missing pieces of chromosomes) in cells from eye tumors. This is a biological/bodily imperfection. Sense 1 is the most accurate.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "second" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the <t>second</t> copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Senses:
1. definition=coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude | synonyms=2nd, 2d
2. definition=a part or voice or instrument or orchestra section lower in pitch than or subordinate to the first | examples=second flute; the second violins

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the <t>second</t> copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
    *   Target word: "second"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude.
        2.  A part or voice or instrument or orchestra section lower in pitch than or subordinate to the first.

    *   The sentence mentions "the second copy of chromosome 13" and compares it to "the first copy of the chromosome."
    *   Humans have pairs of chromosomes (one from each parent). In this context, "first" and "second" refer to the two copies of the same chromosome (homologous chromosomes).
    *   This is a sequence/ordering/counting of items (1st, 2nd).

    *   Sense 1: "coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude". This fits perfectly. The second copy follows the first copy in a count of two.
    *   Sense 2: "a part or voice or instrument or orchestra section lower in pitch than or subordinate to the first". This refers to musical parts (e.g., second violin). This does not fit the context of chromosomes.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "copy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second <t>copy</t> of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Senses:
1. definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second <t>copy</t> of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
    *   Target word: "copy"
    *   Meaning in context: In genetics, humans have two copies of each chromosome (one from each parent). Here, "copy" refers to one of the two identical (or nearly identical) versions of chromosome 13.

    *   Sense 1: "a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)" -> Not a written record.
    *   Sense 2: "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing" -> A chromosome is a biological structure. The second copy of a chromosome is identical (or nearly so) to the first. This fits the idea of a biological duplicate/identical thing.
    *   Sense 3: "matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials" -> Not about printing.
    *   Sense 4: "material suitable for a journalistic account" -> Not about journalism.

    *   Sense 2 is the only one that fits the concept of a biological duplicate or an identical version of a structure.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "exact" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the <t>exact</t> area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Senses:
1. definition=marked by strict and particular and complete accordance with fact | examples=an exact mind; an exact copy
2. definition=(of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth ; strictly correct | synonyms=accurate, precise | examples=a precise image; a precise measurement

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the <t>exact</t> area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
    *   Target word: "exact"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  marked by strict and particular and complete accordance with fact (e.g., an exact mind; an exact copy).
        2.  (of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth; strictly correct (synonyms: accurate, precise) (e.g., a precise image; a precise measurement).

    *   The sentence says "in the exact area as in the first copy".
    *   This means the location (area) on the second chromosome is identical to the location on the first chromosome.
    *   It's describing a spatial correspondence or identity.

    *   Sense 1: "marked by strict and particular and complete accordance with fact". Example: "an exact copy".
    *   Sense 2: "characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth; strictly correct". Example: "a precise measurement".

    *   Wait, let's look closer at the examples.
    *   "An exact copy" (Sense 1) implies identity or being identical.
    *   "A precise measurement" (Sense 2) implies accuracy relative to a standard.

    *   In the context "exact area as in the first copy", the word "exact" is used to indicate that the area is the *same* or *identical*.
    *   Comparing "exact copy" (Sense 1) to "exact area" (Context): Both imply identity/sameness.
    *   Comparing "precise measurement" (Sense 2) to "exact area" (Context): Sense 2 is more about accuracy/correctness.

    *   Sense 1: "marked by strict and particular and complete accordance with fact". This is a bit vague, but the example "an exact copy" is key. An exact copy is identical.
    *   Sense 2: "characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth; strictly correct". This is about accuracy.

    *   Is the "area" accurate? Or is it the *same* area?
    *   "In the exact area as in the first copy" means the location is identical.

    *   Let's re-evaluate the definitions.
    *   Sense 1: "marked by strict and particular and complete accordance with fact".
    *   Sense 2: "characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth; strictly correct".

    *   Actually, looking at these definitions, they are very similar. Let's look at the examples again.
    *   Sense 1: "an exact mind", "an exact copy".
    *   Sense 2: "a precise image", "a precise measurement".

    *   "Exact area as in the first copy" is more like "exact copy" (identical) than "precise measurement" (accurate).

    *   Wait, let me search for these specific definitions. They look like they might come from a dictionary (like Merriam-Webster or Oxford).
    *   MW "exact" (adj):
        1.  marked by strict and particular and complete accordance with fact : PRECISE (e.g., "exact mind", "exact copy")
        2.  (of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth : STRICTLY CORRECT (e.g., "precise image", "precise measurement")

    *   Wait, if Sense 1 includes "exact copy", and the context is "exact area as in the first copy", it's describing a match/identity.

    *   Let's re-read: "they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
    *   This means the location is identical.

    *   If I have to choose between "marked by strict and particular and complete accordance with fact" (Sense 1) and "characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth; strictly correct" (Sense 2).

    *   Actually, "exact copy" (Sense 1) is the strongest clue. "Exact area as in..." is essentially saying the area is a copy/match of the other area.

    *   Let's double-check Sense 2: "strictly correct", "precise measurement". This is about the *degree* of accuracy.

    *   The context "exact area as in the first copy" is about identity/sameness.

    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the better fit.

    *   Wait, let me look at the definitions again.
    *   Sense 1: "marked by strict and particular and complete accordance with fact"
    *   Sense 2: "characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth; strictly correct"

    *   This is a very subtle difference. Let's look at the examples again.
    *   Sense 1: "an exact mind", "an exact copy".
    *   Sense 2: "a precise image", "a precise measurement".

    *   "Exact area as in the first copy" -> The area is identical. This aligns with "exact copy".

    *   Let's try to see if "exact" in "exact area" means "precise area".
    *   "They found defects in the precise area as in the first copy." (Doesn't sound quite right).
    *   "They found defects in the identical area as in the first copy." (Sounds right).

    *   Sense 1's example "exact copy" means identical.
    *   Sense 2's example "precise measurement" means accurate.

    *   The context is about identity (the same area), not accuracy (a correct measurement).

    *   Conclusion: Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "first" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the <t>first</t> copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Senses:
1. definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
3. definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
4. definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse
5. definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
6. definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the <t>first</t> copy of the chromosome."
    *   Target word: "first"
    *   Contextual meaning: The sentence compares a "second copy" to a "first copy". This indicates a sequence or a pair of items.

    *   Sense 1: preceding all others in time or space or degree (e.g., first house on the right).
    *   Sense 2: indicating the beginning unit in a series (e.g., 1st).
    *   Sense 3: serving to set in motion (e.g., inaugural).
    *   Sense 4: serving to begin (e.g., beginning canto).
    *   Sense 5: ranking above all others (e.g., first in her class).
    *   Sense 6: highest in pitch or chief among parts (e.g., first soprano).

    *   The text mentions "the second copy" and "the first copy".
    *   This is a clear sequence/series of two items (copy 1 and copy 2).
    *   Sense 1 refers to preceding others in time, space, or degree.
    *   Sense 2 refers to the beginning unit in a series.
    *   In the phrase "first copy" vs "second copy", "first" is used as an ordinal number to identify the first item in a set/series of copies.

    *   Sense 1: "preceding all others in time or space or degree".
    *   Sense 2: "indicating the beginning unit in a series".
    *   Usually, "first" and "second" are ordinal numbers used to denote position in a series.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "the first house on the right" (space), "the first day of spring" (time).
    *   Let's look at Sense 2: "indicating the beginning unit in a series".
    *   In "first copy" and "second copy", the copies are being treated as a series (1, 2).

    *Self-Correction/Refinement:*
    Is "first copy" more about space/time (Sense 1) or a series (Sense 2)?
    Actually, in many dictionaries, Sense 1 and Sense 2 are very close.
    Sense 1: "preceding all others in time or space or degree".
    Sense 2: "indicating the beginning unit in a series".
    If we have "the first copy" and "the second copy", we are numbering them. This is a series.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 1: "the first house on the right" (position in space).
    Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "indicating the beginning unit in a series".

    In the context of "first copy" and "second copy", it's identifying which one is which in a set of two. This fits "beginning unit in a series" (Sense 2) very well.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again. "Preceding all others in time or space or degree".
    If I have two copies, the first one precedes the second one.

    Let's check common usage in these types of NLP tasks (like WordNet).
    Sense 1: preceding all others in time or space or degree.
    Sense 2: indicating the beginning unit in a series.

    Actually, "first copy" and "second copy" are ordinal markers. Ordinals indicate position in a series.

    Let's compare:
    "The first house on the right" (Sense 1) - This is a spatial sequence.
    "The first day of spring" (Sense 1) - This is a temporal sequence.
    "The first copy" (Sense 2) - This is a numbered unit in a series.

    Wait, "the first house on the right" is also a series of houses.
    Let's look at the distinction again.
    Sense 1: preceding all others in time or space or degree.
    Sense 2: indicating the beginning unit in a series.

    If the text says "the second copy... as in the first copy", it's clearly using them as labels for items in a series.

    Let's double-check if Sense 1 is more appropriate.
    "Preceding all others in time or space or degree."
    Does the first copy precede the second copy in time, space, or degree? Not necessarily. They are just two copies of the same thing. They are labeled "first" and "second" to distinguish them. This is the definition of a series.

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the most accurate.

    *Wait*, let me look at the examples for Sense 1 again: "the first house on the right". That's a series of houses.
    If "the first house on the right" is Sense 1, then "the first copy" might also be Sense 1 if it's seen as "preceding the others in space" (if they were laid out). But they aren't necessarily. They are just the first and second copies.

    Let's look at Sense 2 again: "indicating the beginning unit in a series".
    This is the most precise fit for ordinal numbering (1st, 2nd, 3rd).

    Let's re-read Sense 1: "preceding all others in time or space or degree".
    If I have a list of copies, the first one is the beginning unit in that series.

    Let's try to find a distinction.
    Sense 1: "The first time I saw her..." (Time)
    Sense 2: "The first chapter of the book..." (Series)
    Wait, "the first chapter" is often considered a series.

    Let's look at the provided senses again.
    1. preceding all others in time or space or degree
    2. indicating the beginning unit in a series

    In "the first copy", is it preceding the second copy in time, space, or degree?
    Not necessarily. It's just the first one mentioned or identified.
    Is it the beginning unit in a series (Copy 1, Copy 2)? Yes.

    Let's check if "first" in "first copy" is more like "first house" (Sense 1) or "1st" (Sense 2).
    "1st" is the abbreviation for "first" when used as an ordinal number in a series.
    "The first copy" = "The 1st copy".

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "copy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first <t>copy</t> of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Senses:
1. definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first <t>copy</t> of the chromosome."
    *   Target word: "copy"
    *   Meaning in context: The text refers to chromosomes. Humans have pairs of chromosomes (one from each parent). In this context, "first copy" and "second copy" refer to the two identical (or nearly identical) versions of chromosome 13 in a cell.

    *   Sense 1: "a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)" -> Not a written record.
    *   Sense 2: "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing" -> A chromosome pair consists of two versions of the same chromosome. While not "made" by a person, biologically, they are identical/similar versions of the same genetic structure.
    *   Sense 3: "matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials" -> Not about printing.
    *   Sense 4: "material suitable for a journalistic account" -> Not about journalism.

    *   Sense 2 is the only one that fits the idea of a duplicate or identical version of a biological structure.

    *   The user wants only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "finding" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The <t>finding</t> riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation | synonyms=determination | examples=the determination of molecular structures
2. definition=the decision of a court on issues of fact or law
3. definition=something that is found | examples=the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate that he died several hours after dinner; an area rich in archaeological findings

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A scientific discovery about genes and cancer. A team "found the answer" and "found defects." The sentence is: "The <t>finding</t> riveted medicine."
    *   Target word: "finding"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  The act of determining properties (research/calculation).
        2.  Court decision.
        3.  Something that is found (a discovery/result).

    *   "The <t>finding</t> riveted medicine."
    *   In this context, "finding" refers to the result of the research (the discovery that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to cancer).

    *   Sense 1: "the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation" (Process/Act).
    *   Sense 2: "the decision of a court" (Legal).
    *   Sense 3: "something that is found" (The result/discovery).

    *   The sentence "The finding riveted medicine" refers to the *result* or the *discovery* itself, not the *act* of determining it.
    *   Example for Sense 3: "the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate..." (results of an examination).
    *   Example for Sense 1: "the determination of molecular structures" (the process).
    *   The "finding" that riveted medicine is the specific discovery made by the team.

    *   Sense 3 fits best as it refers to the discovery/result.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "medicine" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted <t>medicine</t>. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The finding riveted <t>medicine</t>. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   Target word: "medicine"

    *   Sense 1: Branches of medical science dealing with nonsurgical techniques (medical specialty).
    *   Sense 2: Something that treats/prevents/alleviates symptoms (medication/drug).
    *   Sense 3: The learned profession mastered by graduate training in medical school, devoted to preventing/curing diseases (practice of medicine/medical field).
    *   Sense 4: Punishment for one's actions (idiomatic).

    *   The sentence says "The finding riveted medicine."
    *   "Riveted" here means fascinated or gripped.
    *   What was fascinated? "Medicine."
    *   In this context, "medicine" refers to the entire field, the profession, or the scientific community dedicated to medical practice and research.
    *   It doesn't refer to a specific drug (Sense 2).
    *   It doesn't refer to a punishment (Sense 4).
    *   It doesn't refer to a specific nonsurgical branch (Sense 1), but rather the broader field/profession.

    *   Sense 3: "the learned profession... devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries." This fits best as it encompasses the medical community and the field of study.

    *   Does "The finding riveted the learned profession..." make sense? Yes.
    *   Does "The finding riveted the medication..." make sense? No.
    *   Does "The finding riveted the punishment..." make sense? No.
    *   Does "The finding riveted the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques..." make sense? It's too narrow.

Sense 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "first" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the <t>first</t> time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Senses:
1. definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
3. definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
4. definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse
5. definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
6. definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "It was the <t>first</t> time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   Target word: "first"

    *   Sense 1: preceding all others in time or space or degree (e.g., first house on the right, first day of spring).
    *   Sense 2: indicating the beginning unit in a series (e.g., 1st).
    *   Sense 3: serving to set in motion (e.g., inaugural, initiative).
    *   Sense 4: serving to begin (e.g., beginning canto, first verse).
    *   Sense 5: ranking above all others (e.g., first in her class).
    *   Sense 6: highest in pitch or chief among parts (e.g., first soprano).

    *   The phrase is "the first time anyone had showed".
    *   This refers to the earliest occurrence in time.
    *   Comparing this to the senses:
        *   Sense 1: "preceding all others in time..." fits perfectly.
        *   Sense 2: "beginning unit in a series" is more about numbering (1st, 2nd, 3rd). While "first time" is a sequence, Sense 1 is the standard definition for "the first time something happened."
        *   Sense 3: "serving to set in motion" (inaugural) doesn't fit.
        *   Sense 4: "serving to begin" (beginning canto) doesn't fit.
        *   Sense 5: "ranking above all others" (foremost) doesn't fit.
        *   Sense 6: "highest in pitch" doesn't fit.

    *   "The first time" means the earliest instance in time.
    *   Sense 1: "preceding all others in time or space or degree". This matches.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "time" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first <t>time</t> anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Senses:
1. definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "It was the first <t>time</t> anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   Target word: "time"

    *   Sense 1: an instance or single occasion for some event (e.g., "this time he succeeded").
    *   Sense 2: a period of time as a resource (e.g., "take time to smell the roses").
    *   Sense 3: an indefinite period (e.g., "he waited a long time").
    *   Sense 4: a suitable moment (e.g., "it is time to go").
    *   Sense 5: the continuum of experience (future -> present -> past).
    *   Sense 6: a person's experience on a particular occasion (e.g., "had a good time").
    *   Sense 7: a reading of a point in time as given by a clock (e.g., "what time is it?").
    *   Sense 8: the fourth coordinate (physics).
    *   Sense 9: rhythm/meter.
    *   Sense 10: prison term.

    *   The sentence says "It was the first time anyone had showed..."
    *   This refers to a specific instance or occasion when something happened for the first time.
    *   Comparing this to Sense 1: "an instance or single occasion for some event". This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 2 (resource)? No.
    *   Sense 3 (indefinite period)? No.
    *   Sense 4 (suitable moment)? No.
    *   Sense 5 (continuum)? No.
    *   Sense 6 (experience)? No.
    *   Sense 7 (clock time)? No.
    *   Sense 8 (dimension)? No.
    *   Sense 9 (rhythm)? No.
    *   Sense 10 (prison)? No.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "show" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had <t>showed</t> that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Senses:
1. definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "It was the first time anyone had <t>showed</t> that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   Target word: "showed" (past participle of "show").
    *   Meaning in context: The scientific team provided evidence or established the validity of the claim that losing both copies of a gene leads to cancer.

    *   Sense 1: Give an exhibition (demo, exhibit). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment (prove, demonstrate, establish). (Strong candidate)
    *   Sense 3: Provide evidence for (testify, bear witness, prove, evidence). (Strong candidate)
    *   Sense 4: Make visible or noticeable. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Show in a picture (depict). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Give expression to (express). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Indicate a place/direction (point). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: Be or become visible (show up). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 9: Indicate a reading (gauge). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 10: Give evidence of, as of records (diary). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 11: Take to seats (usher). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 12: Finish third or better in a race. (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment" (Synonyms: prove, demonstrate, establish).
    *   Sense 3: "provide evidence for" (Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence).
    *   Context: "It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   The context describes a scientific discovery based on a "battery of the newly developed 'gene probes'" and "analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors." This is a process of establishing validity through experiment/analysis.
    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "by an example, explanation or experiment," which fits the scientific context perfectly.
    *   Sense 3 is more about evidence provided by a test or behavior (e.g., "The blood test showed..."). While similar, Sense 2's focus on establishing validity through experiment is a closer match for a scientific breakthrough.

    *   "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound" (Sense 2) vs "The blood test showed that he was the father" (Sense 3).
    *   The context "showed that the loss of both copies... could lead to..." is a claim being proven/established by scientific research. This aligns better with "establish the validity of something" (Sense 2).


[User]
Which numbered sense of "loss" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the <t>loss</t> of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Senses:
1. definition=something that is lost | examples=the car was a total loss; loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt
2. definition=gradual decline in amount or activity | examples=weight loss; a serious loss of business
3. definition=the act of losing someone or something | examples=everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock
4. definition=the disadvantage that results from losing something | synonyms=deprivation | examples=his loss of credibility led to his resignation; losing him is no great deprivation
5. definition=the experience of losing a loved one | examples=he sympathized on the loss of their grandfather
6. definition=the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue | synonyms=red ink, red | examples=the company operated at a loss last year; the company operated in the red last year
7. definition=military personnel lost by death or capture | synonyms=personnel casualty
8. definition=euphemistic expressions for death | synonyms=passing, departure, exit, expiration, going, release | examples=thousands mourned his passing

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "It was the first time anyone had showed that the <t>loss</t> of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   Target word: "loss"
    *   Meaning in context: The disappearance or absence of both copies of a gene.

    *   Sense 1: something that is lost (e.g., total loss, loss of livestock).
    *   Sense 2: gradual decline in amount or activity (e.g., weight loss, loss of business).
    *   Sense 3: the act of losing someone or something (e.g., losing a game/competition).
    *   Sense 4: the disadvantage that results from losing something (e.g., loss of credibility).
    *   Sense 5: the experience of losing a loved one (e.g., loss of grandfather).
    *   Sense 6: financial loss (e.g., company operated at a loss).
    *   Sense 7: military personnel lost (casualties).
    *   Sense 8: euphemism for death.

    *   The context describes genes that "had disappeared."
    *   The "loss of both copies of the same gene" refers to the fact that the genes are gone/missing.
    *   Sense 1 ("something that is lost") fits best here. It refers to the state or instance of something being gone.
    *   Let's double-check Sense 2 (gradual decline). The loss of a gene isn't necessarily a "gradual decline in amount" in the way weight loss is; it's the absence of the gene.
    *   Sense 3 (act of losing) usually refers to a competition or a specific event of losing.
    *   Sense 4 (disadvantage) refers to the *result* (deprivation), but the text says the *loss* (the fact they are gone) *leads to* the eruption of cancer. The loss itself is the missing gene, not the disadvantage resulting from it (though the result is cancer).

    *   "the loss of both copies of the same gene" -> The genes are gone.
    *   Sense 1: "something that is lost" (e.g., loss of livestock). This matches the idea of something (the genes) being gone.

    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate Sense 2. "Weight loss" is a reduction. "Loss of a gene" could be seen as a reduction in the number of genes. However, Sense 1 is more general for "something that is lost."
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "something that is lost | examples=the car was a total loss; loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt".
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "gradual decline in amount or activity | examples=weight loss; a serious loss of business".
    *   In genetics, "loss of heterozygosity" or "loss of a gene" refers to the disappearance of the genetic material. This is more like "something that is lost" (Sense 1) than a "gradual decline" (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: something that is lost.
    *   Sense 2: gradual decline.
    *   Sense 3: act of losing (competition).
    *   Sense 4: disadvantage/deprivation.
    *   Sense 5: bereavement.
    *   Sense 6: financial loss.
    *   Sense 7: military casualties.
    *   Sense 8: death.

    The most fitting is Sense 1.

    *Self-Correction:* Is it Sense 4? "the disadvantage that results from losing something". No, the text says the loss *leads to* the eruption of cancer. The loss is the cause, the cancer is the result. The loss itself is the missing gene.

    Is it Sense 2? "gradual decline in amount". No, the gene is either there or it's not (usually).

    Is it Sense 1? "something that is lost". Yes, the genes are the things that were lost.

    Let's re-read Sense 1 examples: "the car was a total loss; loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt". "Loss of livestock" is very similar to "loss of genes".

    Final check:
    Context: "loss of both copies of the same gene"
    Sense 1: "something that is lost"
    Matches.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "copy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both <t>copies</t> of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Senses:
1. definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A scientific passage about genetics, specifically gene probes, chromosome 13, and the loss of both "copies" of the same gene leading to cancer.
    *   Target word: "copies" (plural of "copy").
    *   Sentence: "It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both <t>copies</t> of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."

    *   Sense 1: A reproduction of a written record (e.g., transcript).
    *   Sense 2: A thing made to be similar or identical to another thing (e.g., a clone, a duplicate).
    *   Sense 3: Matter to be printed (written matter).
    *   Sense 4: Material suitable for a journalistic account.

    *   In genetics, humans typically have two copies of each gene (one from each parent).
    *   The text mentions "the second copy of chromosome 13" and "the first copy of the chromosome."
    *   The "copies" here refer to identical or nearly identical versions of the same genetic sequence.
    *   This fits the definition of "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing" (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1 (transcript) - No.
    *   Sense 2 (identical thing/duplicate) - Yes.
    *   Sense 3 (printed matter) - No.
    *   Sense 4 (journalistic material) - No.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "same" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the <t>same</t> gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Senses:
1. definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the <t>same</t> gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   Target word: "same"
    *   Key phrase: "both copies of the same gene"

    *   Sense 1: "same in identity" (e.g., the same man, never wore the same dress twice). This refers to a single entity or identical instances of a specific thing.
    *   Sense 2: "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree" (e.g., same color, same age). This refers to similarity, not identity.
    *   Sense 3: "equal in amount or value" (e.g., like amounts).
    *   Sense 4: "unchanged in character or nature" (e.g., stayed the same).

    *   The text discusses "both copies of the same gene."
    *   In genetics, humans have two copies of most genes (one from each parent). These are called alleles. When the text says "both copies of the same gene," it refers to the specific gene locus (the same identity of the gene, e.g., the RB1 gene), not just any gene of the same "kind" or "quality."
    *   If you have two copies of the *same* gene, you are referring to the identity of that specific gene (e.g., Gene X on chromosome 13).
    *   Comparing Sense 1 (identity) and Sense 2 (similarity):
        *   Sense 1: "the same man" (one specific person).
        *   Sense 2: "two girls of the same age" (two different people who share a characteristic).
    *   In "both copies of the same gene," we are talking about two copies of *one specific gene* (the identity of the gene).

    *   Is it Sense 1? Yes, it refers to the identity of the gene (the specific gene locus).
    *   Is it Sense 2? No, it's not saying the genes are "similar in kind" (like "two genes of the same size"); it's saying they are the *same* gene (the same identity/locus).
    *   Is it Sense 3? No.
    *   Is it Sense 4? No.

    *   "the same man I saw yesterday" -> Identity.
    *   "both copies of the same gene" -> Identity (the specific gene being discussed).

    *   Wait, let me double-check. In genetics, "the same gene" usually means the gene at the same locus on homologous chromosomes. This is an identity of the gene's function/location.
    *   If I say "two people have the same blood type," that's Sense 2 (similarity).
    *   If I say "two copies of the same gene," I am referring to the specific gene (e.g., the p53 gene). This is identity.

    *   Sense 1: same in identity.
    *   Sense 2: closely similar.
    *   The phrase "both copies of the same gene" refers to the identity of the gene.

    *   Sense 1 fits best.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "lead" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could <t>lead</t> to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Senses:
1. definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=take, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
2. definition=have as a result or residue | synonyms=leave, result | examples=The water left a mark on the silk dress; Her blood left a stain on the napkin
3. definition=tend to or result in | examples=This remark lead to further arguments among the guests
4. definition=travel in front of; go in advance of others | synonyms=head | examples=The procession was headed by John
5. definition=cause to undertake a certain action | examples=Her greed led her to forge the checks
6. definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=run, go, pass, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
7. definition=be in charge of | synonyms=head | examples=Who is heading this project?
8. definition=be ahead of others; be the first | synonyms=top | examples=she topped her class every year
9. definition=be conducive to | synonyms=contribute, conduce | examples=The use of computers in the classroom lead to better writing
10. definition=lead, as in the performance of a composition | synonyms=conduct, direct | examples=conduct an orchestra; Barenboim conducted the Chicago symphony for years
11. definition=lead, extend, or afford access | synonyms=go | examples=This door goes to the basement; The road runs South
12. definition=move ahead (of others) in time or space | synonyms=precede
13. definition=cause something to pass or lead somewhere | synonyms=run | examples=Run the wire behind the cabinet
14. definition=preside over | synonyms=moderate, chair | examples=John moderated the discussion

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the loss of both copies of the same gene could <t>lead</t> to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   Target word: "lead"

    *   1: take somebody somewhere (guide)
    *   2: have as a result or residue (leave a mark)
    *   3: tend to or result in (lead to arguments)
    *   4: travel in front of (head a procession)
    *   5: cause to undertake a certain action (led her to forge)
    *   6: stretch out over a distance (run/extend)
    *   7: be in charge of (head a project)
    *   8: be ahead of others (top a class)
    *   9: be conducive to (contribute to better writing)
    *   10: lead a composition (conduct an orchestra)
    *   11: lead, extend, or afford access (door goes to basement)
    *   12: move ahead in time or space (precede)
    *   13: cause something to pass or lead somewhere (run a wire)
    *   14: preside over (moderate a discussion)

    *   The sentence is: "the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   Meaning: The loss of the genes *results in* or *causes* the eruption of cancer.

    *   Sense 3: "tend to or result in" (Example: "This remark lead to further arguments among the guests") - This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 9: "be conducive to" (Example: "The use of computers in the classroom lead to better writing") - This is similar, but "result in" (Sense 3) is a stronger and more accurate fit for a causal biological process like cancer eruption. "Conducive to" usually means making something more likely or easier, whereas "lead to" in this context implies a direct causal chain.

    *   Sense 3: "tend to or result in"
    *   Context: "loss of both copies... could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
    *   The loss *results in* the cancer.

    *   Sense 3 is the most accurate.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "eruption" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the <t>eruption</t> of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Senses:
1. definition=the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material | synonyms=volcanic eruption
2. definition=symptom consisting of a breaking out and becoming visible
3. definition=(of volcanos) pouring out fumes or lava (or a deposit so formed) | synonyms=eructation, extravasation
4. definition=a sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually of some undesirable condition) | synonyms=outbreak, irruption | examples=the outbreak of hostilities
5. definition=a sudden very loud noise | synonyms=bang, clap, blast, bam
6. definition=the emergence of a tooth as it breaks through the gum

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the <t>eruption</t> of a cancer."
    *   Target word: "eruption"

    *   Sense 1: Volcanic discharge (steam/material). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Symptom breaking out and becoming visible (e.g., skin rash). (Possible, but usually refers to a rash/skin condition).
    *   Sense 3: Volcanic pouring out of fumes/lava. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: A sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually undesirable condition), synonyms: outbreak, irruption. (Strong candidate: "outbreak of cancer").
    *   Sense 5: Sudden loud noise. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Tooth breaking through the gum. (Incorrect)

    *   The text discusses the genetic cause of cancer (loss of both copies of a gene).
    *   "the eruption of a cancer" refers to the sudden onset or development of the disease.
    *   Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 4:
        *   Sense 2 is typically used for skin eruptions (rashes).
        *   Sense 4 is used for the sudden occurrence of an undesirable condition (like a disease or war). "Outbreak" is a very common synonym for the start of a disease.

    *   Sense 4 fits best: "a sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually of some undesirable condition)".

    *   The user requested only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a <t>cancer</t>. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A scientific passage about genes, molecular geneticists, gene probes, eye tumors, chromosome 13, and the loss of gene copies leading to the "eruption of a <t>cancer</t>."
    *   Target word: "cancer"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Malignant growth/tumor (medical).
        2.  Person born under the sign of Cancer (astrology).
        3.  Zodiacal constellation (astronomy).
        4.  Fourth sign of the zodiac (astrology).
        5.  Genus of crabs (biology/taxonomy).

    *   The text mentions "molecular geneticist," "gene probes," "cells extracted from eye tumors," "chromosome 13," and "Cancer Research Center."
    *   The phrase "eruption of a cancer" in this context clearly refers to the development of a malignant tumor.

    *   Sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division..." - This matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Astrology (person) - No.
    *   Sense 3: Constellation - No.
    *   Sense 4: Zodiac sign - No.
    *   Sense 5: Genus of crabs - No.