[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small <t>cell</t> lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "In the treatment of patients with non-small <t>cell</t> lung cancer..."
    *   Target word: "cell"
    *   Contextual clues: "patients", "lung cancer", "non-small cell lung cancer".

    *   Sense 1: small compartment (honeycomb).
    *   Sense 2: (biology) basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
    *   Sense 3: electric current device (battery).
    *   Sense 4: political movement unit (cadre).
    *   Sense 5: mobile phone.
    *   Sense 6: monk/nun's room.
    *   Sense 7: prisoner's room.

    *   "Non-small cell lung cancer" (NSCLC) is a medical term referring to a type of cancer based on the appearance of the cancer cells under a microscope.
    *   This clearly relates to biology and the basic unit of organisms.

    *   Sense 2 matches the biological definition.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "effective" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as <t>effective</t> as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel.

Senses:
1. definition=producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; -LewisMumford | synonyms=effectual, efficacious | examples=an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation; effective teaching methods
2. definition=able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively; -G.B.Shaw | synonyms=efficient | examples=people who will do nothing unless they get something out of it for themselves are often highly effective persons...; effective personnel
3. definition=works well as a means or remedy | examples=an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat
4. definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
5. definition=existing in fact; not theoretical; real | examples=a decline in the effective demand; confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done
6. definition=ready for service | examples=the fort was held by about 100 effective soldiers

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical study comparing Alimta with other anticancer medicines (gemcitabine, docetaxel). The focus is on survival time for lung cancer patients.
    *   Sentence: "In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as <t>effective</t> as the comparators."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "effective" refers to the drug's ability to produce the desired medical result (increasing survival time/treating the cancer).

    *   Sense 1: "producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect" (Synonyms: effectual, efficacious).
    *   Sense 2: "able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively" (Synonym: efficient).
    *   Sense 3: "works well as a means or remedy" (Examples: reprimand, lotion for prickly heat).
    *   Sense 4: "exerting force or influence" (e.g., law is effective immediately).
    *   Sense 5: "existing in fact; not theoretical; real" (e.g., effective demand).
    *   Sense 6: "ready for service" (e.g., effective soldiers).

    *   Sense 1 is a general definition of producing an intended result.
    *   Sense 3 specifically mentions "works well as a means or remedy" and gives a medical example ("a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat").
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3: Sense 1 is broad ("intended result"), while Sense 3 is more specific to remedies/treatments.
    *   In medical contexts, "effective" usually means the drug produced the desired therapeutic effect (efficacy).
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "air-cooled motor", "teaching methods".
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 3: "reprimand", "lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat".
    *   The context is a drug (Alimta) used as a remedy for cancer. This aligns perfectly with Sense 3 ("works well as a means or remedy").

    *   Sense 1: General efficacy.
    *   Sense 3: Specific to remedies/means.
    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 1: "producing or capable of producing an intended result... synonyms=effectual, efficacious". "Efficacious" is the technical term for drug effectiveness.
    *   Let me re-read Sense 3: "works well as a means or remedy".
    *   Actually, Sense 1 and Sense 3 are very close. However, Sense 3 specifically mentions "remedy" and gives a medical example (lotion).
    *   Let's check if there's a nuance. Sense 1 is often used for methods or tools. Sense 3 is often used for treatments.
    *   Looking at the provided senses again:
        1. producing or capable of producing an intended result...
        3. works well as a means or remedy...
    *   In the context of a drug's performance in a clinical trial, "effective" means it produced the intended therapeutic result.
    *   Is a drug a "remedy"? Yes.
    *   Is it "producing an intended result"? Yes.
    *   Usually, in these types of NLP tasks (like WordNet-based sense disambiguation), the most specific sense that fits is chosen. Sense 3 is more specific to remedies.

    *   Sense 1: "producing or capable of producing an intended result"
    *   Sense 3: "works well as a means or remedy"
    *   The context is "In the treatment of patients... Alimta was as effective as the comparators."
    *   This is describing the drug's efficacy as a treatment/remedy.
    *   Sense 3's example "a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat" is almost identical in nature to "Alimta was as effective as the comparators [in the treatment of cancer]".

    *   Sense 1: General.
    *   Sense 2: Efficiency/Personnel.
    *   Sense 3: Remedy/Treatment.
    *   Sense 4: Legal/Force.
    *   Sense 5: Real/Actual.
    *   Sense 6: Military/Ready.

    Sense 3 is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "patient" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In <t>patients</t> who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Senses:
1. definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical text discussing the effectiveness of a drug (Alimta) on survival times for people with various cancers (malignant pleural mesothelioma, non-small cell lung cancer).
    *   Target word: "patients" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Sentence: "In <t>patients</t> who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel."

    *   Sense 1: "a person who requires medical care" (Medical context).
    *   Sense 2: "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause" (Linguistic/Grammatical context).

    *   The context is clearly medical (survival time, chemotherapy, Alimta, docetaxel, cancer).
    *   The word "patients" refers to the people receiving the treatment.
    *   This matches Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "past" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Senses:
1. definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "In patients who had received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel."
    *   Target word: "past"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  The time that has elapsed (general past time).
        2.  An earlier period in someone's life (often secret/personal history).
        3.  A verb tense.

    *   The sentence refers to patients who had received chemotherapy *previously* (at some point before the current study/treatment).
    *   It's referring to a period of time that has already happened.

    *   Sense 1: "the time that has elapsed" (e.g., "forget the past"). This fits the general idea of "previously" or "in former times."
    *   Sense 2: "a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret)". While it is an earlier period in the patients' lives, there is no implication of secrecy or a "personal history" in the biographical sense. It's a medical history.
    *   Sense 3: "a verb tense". Not applicable here.

    *   "In the past" is a common idiom meaning "during a previous time." This aligns best with Sense 1 (the time that has elapsed).

    *   Sense 1 is the most accurate fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "average" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the <t>average</t> survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Senses:
1. definition=approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value | synonyms=mean | examples=the average income in New England is below that of the nation; of average height for his age
2. definition=lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered | synonyms=ordinary | examples=average people; the ordinary (or common) man in the street
3. definition=lacking exceptional quality or ability | synonyms=fair, mediocre, middling | examples=a novel of average merit; only a fair performance of the sonata
4. definition=around the middle of a scale of evaluation | synonyms=intermediate, medium | examples=an orange of average size; intermediate capacity
5. definition=relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution | synonyms=modal | examples=the modal age at which American novelists reach their peak is 30
6. definition=relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values) | synonyms=median | examples=the median value of 17, 20, and 36 is 20; the median income for the year was $15,000

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical text discussing survival times of patients in studies for the drug Alimta.
    *   Target word: "average" (in the phrase "the <t>average</t> survival time was 8.3 months").
    *   Usage: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months... the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta... the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups."

    *   Sense 1: Statistical norm, mean, expected value. (Example: average income).
    *   Sense 2: Ordinary, lacking special distinction. (Example: average people).
    *   Sense 3: Mediocre, fair. (Example: novel of average merit).
    *   Sense 4: Intermediate, medium size/scale. (Example: orange of average size).
    *   Sense 5: Modal (most frequent value).
    *   Sense 6: Median (middle value of an ordered set).

    *   The context refers to survival times (12.1 months, 8.3 months, 10.3 months).
    *   In medical studies, "average survival time" typically refers to the mean (or sometimes median, but in general language and basic statistical reporting, "average" maps to the statistical norm/mean).
    *   Comparing the senses:
        *   Sense 1 (mean/statistical norm) fits perfectly.
        *   Sense 2 (ordinary) does not fit.
        *   Sense 3 (mediocre) does not fit.
        *   Sense 4 (medium size) does not fit.
        *   Sense 5 (modal) is too specific and unlikely here.
        *   Sense 6 (median) is a possibility in medical literature (median survival is very common), but "average" as a general term usually maps to Sense 1 unless specified as median. Looking at the provided definitions, Sense 1 is the general "statistical norm or average," which encompasses the common usage of "average" in this context.

    *   The phrase "average survival time" is a statistical measure.
    *   Sense 1: "approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value | synonyms=mean". This is the standard definition for this usage.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "survival" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average <t>survival</t> time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Senses:
1. definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. definition=something that survives

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical discussion about the effectiveness of a drug (Alimta) in treating cancer (malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer). It mentions "survival time" and average months patients lived.
    *   Target word: "survival" (specifically in the phrase "average survival time").
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  a state of surviving; remaining alive (synonym: endurance).
        2.  a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment (synonym: survival of the fittest).
        3.  something that survives.

    *   The text talks about "how long the patients survived," "survival time," and "average survival time was 8.3 months."
    *   This clearly refers to the duration of time patients remained alive after treatment.

    *   Sense 1: "a state of surviving; remaining alive" - This fits perfectly. "Survival time" is the time spent remaining alive.
    *   Sense 2: "natural process resulting in the evolution..." - This is about Darwinian evolution. Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 3: "something that survives" - This refers to an object or entity that has survived (e.g., "the survival of an ancient manuscript"). Not applicable here.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "time" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival <t>time</t> was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Senses:
1. definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival <t>time</t> was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel."
    *   Target word: "time" (specifically "survival time").
    *   Meaning in context: The duration of survival (how long the patients lived).

    *   Sense 1: An instance or single occasion (e.g., "this time he succeeded"). -> No.
    *   Sense 2: A resource under control (e.g., "take time to smell the roses"). -> No.
    *   Sense 3: An indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) (e.g., "he waited a long time"). -> This refers to a duration or period.
    *   Sense 4: A suitable moment (e.g., "it is time to go"). -> No.
    *   Sense 5: The continuum of experience (future -> present -> past). -> No.
    *   Sense 6: A person's experience on a particular occasion (e.g., "had a good time"). -> No.
    *   Sense 7: A reading of a point in time (e.g., "what time is it?"). -> No.
    *   Sense 8: The fourth coordinate/dimension. -> No.
    *   Sense 9: Rhythm/meter. -> No.
    *   Sense 10: Prison term. -> No.

    *   The phrase "survival time" refers to the length of time (duration) that patients survived.
    *   Sense 3 defines "time" as "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)". Examples: "he waited a long time".
    *   While "survival time" is a specific measurement (8.3 months), it describes a period of time.

    *   Sense 1: Occasion.
    *   Sense 2: Resource.
    *   Sense 3: Period/Duration.
    *   Sense 4: Moment.
    *   Sense 5: Continuum.
    *   Sense 6: Experience.
    *   Sense 7: Clock time.
    *   Sense 8: Dimension.
    *   Sense 9: Rhythm.
    *   Sense 10: Prison sentence.

    "Survival time" is clearly a period of time (duration). Sense 3 is the best fit among the provided options.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "month" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 <t>months</t> with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Senses:
1. definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical text discussing survival times of patients in clinical trials (e.g., "average of 12.1 months", "8.3 <t>months</t>", "10.3 months").
    *   Target word: "months" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Senses:
        1.  One of the twelve divisions of the calendar year (calendar month).
        2.  A time unit of approximately 30 days.

    *   The text mentions "average survival time was 8.3 months".
    *   "8.3 months" is a duration of time, not a specific division of the calendar (like January or February).
    *   When measuring survival time or duration, "month" refers to a unit of time (approx. 30 days), not a specific calendar month.

    *   Sense 1: Calendar division (e.g., "last month", "in January").
    *   Sense 2: Time unit of ~30 days (e.g., "for three months", "8.3 months").

    *   The usage "8.3 months" clearly fits Sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "compare" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, <t>compared</t> with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Senses:
1. definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, <t>compared</t> with 7.9 months with docetaxel."
    *   Target word: "compared"
    *   Usage: Comparing two numerical values (8.3 months vs 7.9 months) to show a difference or relationship.

    *   Sense 1: "examine and note the similarities or differences of" (e.g., comparing haircuts, comparing notes).
    *   Sense 2: "be comparable" (e.g., "This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes" - meaning it's not as good or in the same league).
    *   Sense 3: "consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous" (e.g., likening the Han dynasty to Romans).
    *   Sense 4: "to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb" (grammatical sense).

    *   The sentence is presenting two data points (8.3 months and 7.9 months) and noting the difference between them.
    *   This fits the action of examining/noting similarities or differences.
    *   Sense 2 is about quality/status ("doesn't compare").
    *   Sense 3 is about analogy/metaphor ("liken").
    *   Sense 4 is about grammar.

    *   Sense 1 is the most accurate. It's used here in a statistical/comparative context to highlight a difference.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "month" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 <t>months</t> with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Senses:
1. definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical text discussing survival times of patients in clinical trials (e.g., "average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 <t>months</t> with docetaxel").
    *   Target word: "months" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Senses:
        1.  One of the twelve divisions of the calendar year (calendar month).
        2.  A time unit of approximately 30 days.

    *   The text mentions "12.1 months", "9.3 months", "8.3 months", "7.9 months", and "10.3 months".
    *   These are measurements of duration (survival time), not specific calendar months (like January or February).
    *   When referring to a duration of time (especially with decimals), "month" is used as a unit of measurement.

    *   Sense 1: "one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year" (e.g., "last month"). This refers to a specific block of time in a calendar.
    *   Sense 2: "a time unit of approximately 30 days" (e.g., "given a month to pay"). This refers to a duration of time.

    *   The context uses "months" to quantify the length of survival. This is a duration of time, not a specific calendar division.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "patient" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In <t>patients</t> who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Senses:
1. definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical text discussing the drug Alimta and its effect on survival times for people with various types of cancer (malignant pleural mesothelioma, non-small cell lung cancer).
    *   Target word: "patients" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Sentence: "In <t>patients</t> who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups."

    *   Sense 1: "a person who requires medical care" (Medical context).
    *   Sense 2: "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause" (Linguistic/Grammatical context).

    *   The context is clearly medical.
    *   The word "patients" refers to people receiving treatment for cancer.
    *   This matches Sense 1 perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "past" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Senses:
1. definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups."
    *   Target word: "past"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  The time that has elapsed (general time before now).
        2.  An earlier period in someone's life (often secret/personal history).
        3.  A verb tense.

    *   The sentence refers to patients who had not received chemotherapy *before* the current study/treatment period.
    *   It refers to the time preceding the current event.

    *   Sense 1: "the time that has elapsed" (e.g., "forget the past"). This fits the general meaning of "previously" or "in the time before now."
    *   Sense 2: "a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret)". This is about personal history/secrets. Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 3: "a verb tense". Not applicable here.

    *   The phrase "in the past" in this medical context means "previously" or "during the time before the study." This aligns with Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "average" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the <t>average</t> survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Senses:
1. definition=approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value | synonyms=mean | examples=the average income in New England is below that of the nation; of average height for his age
2. definition=lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered | synonyms=ordinary | examples=average people; the ordinary (or common) man in the street
3. definition=lacking exceptional quality or ability | synonyms=fair, mediocre, middling | examples=a novel of average merit; only a fair performance of the sonata
4. definition=around the middle of a scale of evaluation | synonyms=intermediate, medium | examples=an orange of average size; intermediate capacity
5. definition=relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution | synonyms=modal | examples=the modal age at which American novelists reach their peak is 30
6. definition=relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values) | synonyms=median | examples=the median value of 17, 20, and 36 is 20; the median income for the year was $15,000

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the <t>average</t> survival time was 10.3 months in both groups."
    *   Target word: "average"
    *   Contextual meaning: The text is discussing survival times in clinical studies (12.1 months, 9.3 months, 8.3 months, 7.9 months, 10.3 months). These are statistical measurements of a group.

    *   Sense 1: Approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value (synonym: mean). Example: "average income".
    *   Sense 2: Lacking special distinction, rank, or status (synonym: ordinary). Example: "average people".
    *   Sense 3: Lacking exceptional quality or ability (synonym: fair, mediocre). Example: "novel of average merit".
    *   Sense 4: Around the middle of a scale of evaluation (synonym: intermediate, medium). Example: "orange of average size".
    *   Sense 5: Most frequent value in a distribution (synonym: modal).
    *   Sense 6: Middle value of an ordered set (synonym: median).

    *   The context refers to "survival time" in a medical study.
    *   "Average survival time" in this context refers to the mean (or general statistical average) of the survival times of the patients in the group.
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "statistical norm or average or expected value" and "mean".
    *   Senses 2, 3, and 4 are qualitative/descriptive (ordinary, mediocre, medium).
    *   Senses 5 and 6 are specific types of averages (mode and median). While "average" can sometimes mean median in common parlance, in medical studies, "average survival" usually refers to the mean or is used as a general term for the statistical average (Sense 1).

    *   The usage "average survival time was 10.3 months" fits perfectly with Sense 1 (statistical mean/norm).


[User]
Which numbered sense of "survival" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average <t>survival</t> time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Senses:
1. definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. definition=something that survives

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical text discussing the efficacy of a drug (Alimta) in treating cancer (malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer). It mentions "survival time" multiple times (e.g., "increased the survival time of patients", "average survival time was 8.3 months").
    *   Target word: "survival" (specifically in the phrase "average survival time").

    *   Sense 1: "a state of surviving; remaining alive" (synonym: endurance).
    *   Sense 2: "a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment" (synonyms: survival of the fittest, natural selection).
    *   Sense 3: "something that survives".

    *   The context refers to "survival time" in the context of cancer patients. This means the length of time patients remained alive after treatment.
    *   Sense 1 ("remaining alive") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 (evolution/natural selection) is completely irrelevant to clinical trial results for a drug.
    *   Sense 3 ("something that survives") refers to an object or entity, not a duration of time or a state of being alive.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "time" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival <t>time</t> was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Senses:
1. definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival <t>time</t> was 10.3 months in both groups."
    *   Target word: "time" (specifically "survival time").
    *   Meaning in context: The duration of survival (how long the patients lived).

    *   Sense 1: An instance or single occasion (e.g., "this time he succeeded"). -> No.
    *   Sense 2: A resource under control (e.g., "take time to smell the roses"). -> No.
    *   Sense 3: An indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) (e.g., "he waited a long time"). -> This refers to a duration or period.
    *   Sense 4: A suitable moment (e.g., "it is time to go"). -> No.
    *   Sense 5: The continuum of experience (future -> present -> past). -> No.
    *   Sense 6: A person's experience on a particular occasion (e.g., "had a good time"). -> No.
    *   Sense 7: A reading of a clock (e.g., "what time is it?"). -> No.
    *   Sense 8: The fourth coordinate/dimension. -> No.
    *   Sense 9: Rhythm/meter. -> No.
    *   Sense 10: Prison term. -> No.

    *   The phrase "survival time" refers to the length of time (duration) that patients survived.
    *   Sense 3 defines "time" as "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)". Examples: "he waited a long time".
    *   While "survival time" is a specific measurement (10.3 months), it describes a period of time.

    *   Sense 1: Occasion.
    *   Sense 2: Resource.
    *   Sense 3: Period/Duration.
    *   Sense 4: Moment.
    *   Sense 5: Continuum.
    *   Sense 6: Experience.
    *   Sense 7: Clock reading.
    *   Sense 8: Dimension.
    *   Sense 9: Rhythm.
    *   Sense 10: Prison sentence.

    "Survival time" is clearly a period/duration. Sense 3 is the best fit among the provided options.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "month" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 <t>months</t> in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Senses:
1. definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical text discussing survival times of patients taking Alimta.
    *   Target word: "months" (marked as `<t>months</t>`).
    *   Sentence: "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 <t>months</t> in both groups."

    *   Sense 1: "one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year" (e.g., January, February). Focuses on the calendar.
    *   Sense 2: "a time unit of approximately 30 days". Focuses on duration/quantity of time.

    *   The text mentions "average survival time was 10.3 months".
    *   "10.3 months" refers to a duration of time (approximately 10.3 * 30 days), not a specific calendar month (like March or April).
    *   It is a measurement of time, not a division of the calendar year.

    *   Sense 2 matches the usage of "months" as a unit of time measurement.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "group" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both <t>groups</t>. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Senses:
1. definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical text discussing the survival times of patients in clinical trials for the drug Alimta.
    *   Target word: "groups" (marked as `<t>groups</t>`).
    *   Sentence: "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both <t>groups</t>."
    *   Meaning in context: The "groups" refer to the sets of patients receiving different treatments (Alimta vs. the comparator/control).

    *   Sense 1: "any number of entities (members) considered as a unit" (General grouping).
    *   Sense 2: "(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together..." (Chemical group).
    *   Sense 3: "a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element..." (Mathematical group).

    *   The context is medical/clinical trials.
    *   "Groups" refers to sets of patients.
    *   This fits Sense 1 (entities considered as a unit).
    *   It is definitely not Sense 2 (chemistry) or Sense 3 (mathematics).


[User]
Which numbered sense of "however" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. <t>However</t>, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Senses:
1. definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
2. definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
3. definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns
4. definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical text discussing the effectiveness of Alimta in different patient groups.
    *   Sentence 1-5: Alimta increased survival in mesothelioma. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it was "as effective as the comparators" (overall).
    *   Sentence 6: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."
    *   Sentence 7: "In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."

    *   The previous section stated that Alimta was "as effective as the comparators" (meaning no significant difference overall).
    *   The sentence starting with "However" introduces a nuance: for *non-squamous* cells, it *was* more effective.
    *   This is contrasting the general result (as effective/no difference) with a specific subgroup result (more effective).

    *   Sense 1: "despite anything to the contrary" (concession/nevertheless).
    *   Sense 2: "by contrast; on the other hand" (contrasting two different things or situations).
    *   Sense 3: "to whatever degree or extent" (e.g., "however general").
    *   Sense 4: "in whatever way or manner" (e.g., "however it was brought about").

    *   The text says: "Alimta was as effective as the comparators. However, [in a specific subgroup], patients... had longer survival times."
    *   This is contrasting the general finding (no difference) with a specific finding (difference).
    *   Sense 2 ("by contrast; on the other hand") fits best here because it's contrasting the general outcome with the subgroup outcome.
    *   Sense 1 ("nevertheless") is similar, but Sense 2 is more about contrasting different sets of data or perspectives. Let's re-evaluate.
    *   If the text said "Alimta was not overall better; however, it helped some people," that's a contrast.
    *   Looking at the examples for Sense 2: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours." (Contrast between part 1 and part 2).
    *   Looking at the examples for Sense 1: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it." (Concession).
    *   In the context, the author is contrasting the general result (as effective) with the specific result (longer survival for non-squamous). This is a contrast of facts/results.

    *   General result: Alimta $\approx$ Comparator.
    *   Specific result: Alimta $>$ Comparator (for non-squamous).
    *   This is a contrast. Sense 2 is "by contrast; on the other hand".

    *   Sense 1 is often used when something happens *despite* a previous statement.
    *   Sense 2 is used to point out a difference between two things.
    *   The text is pointing out a difference between the general population and the non-squamous population.

    *   Sense 2 is the most accurate fit for contrasting two different findings.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "study" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both <t>studies</t>, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Senses:
1. definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical text discussing the effects of Alimta on survival times for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. It compares Alimta with cisplatin and docetaxel.
    *   Target word: "studies" (plural of "study").
    *   Sentence: "However, in both <t>studies</t>, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."

    *   Sense 1: Detailed critical inspection (survey).
    *   Sense 2: Applying the mind to learning (work).
    *   Sense 3: A written document describing findings (report, written report).
    *   Sense 4: State of deep mental absorption.
    *   Sense 5: A room for reading/writing.
    *   Sense 6: A branch of knowledge (discipline).
    *   Sense 7: Preliminary drawing (sketch).
    *   Sense 8: Attentive consideration (cogitation).
    *   Sense 9: Someone who memorizes quickly.
    *   Sense 10: A composition for technique.

    *   The text describes clinical trials/research experiments comparing drugs (Alimta vs. cisplatin, Alimta vs. docetaxel).
    *   "In both studies" refers to the research investigations/clinical trials conducted to gather the data mentioned in the previous sentences.
    *   Sense 3 ("a written document describing the findings of some individual or group") is the closest fit, as clinical studies are typically reported as written documents describing findings. While "study" in this context often refers to the *process* of the research (the trial itself), in dictionary definitions, this is almost always categorized under the "report/investigation" sense (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 1 (inspection) is too narrow.
    *   Sense 2 (learning) is about education.
    *   Sense 4 (absorption) is about a mental state.
    *   Sense 5 (room) is a physical location.
    *   Sense 6 (discipline) is a field of study (e.g., Biology).
    *   Sense 7 (sketch) is art.
    *   Sense 8 (cogitation) is thinking.
    *   Sense 9 (person) is a person.
    *   Sense 10 (composition) is music/art.

    *   Sense 3 is the only one that fits the context of scientific/medical research findings.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "patient" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, <t>patients</t> whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Senses:
1. definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical text discussing the survival time of people with cancer (malignant pleural mesothelioma, non-small cell lung cancer) treated with Alimta.
    *   Target word: "patients" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Sentence: "However, in both studies, <t>patients</t> whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."

    *   Sense 1: "a person who requires medical care" (Medical context).
    *   Sense 2: "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause" (Linguistic/Grammatical context).

    *   The context is clearly medical (cancer, survival time, chemotherapy, Alimta, cisplatin).
    *   The word "patients" refers to the people receiving the treatment for cancer.
    *   This matches Sense 1 perfectly.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct one.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose <t>cancer</t> was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical text discussing the drug Alimta, its effect on survival times for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer.
    *   Target word: "cancer" (marked as `<t>cancer</t>`).
    *   Sentence: "However, in both studies, patients whose <t>cancer</t> was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."

    *   Sense 1: Malignant growth/tumor caused by abnormal cell division (medical).
    *   Sense 2: Person born under the sign of Cancer (astrology).
    *   Sense 3: Zodiacal constellation (astronomy).
    *   Sense 4: Fourth sign of the zodiac (astrology).
    *   Sense 5: Genus of crabs (biology/taxonomy).

    *   The context mentions "malignant pleural mesothelioma," "non-small cell lung cancer," "chemotherapy," "survival time," and "squamous cells."
    *   These are all medical terms related to oncology.
    *   The word "cancer" in the target sentence refers to the disease affecting the patients.

    *   Sense 1 matches the medical definition of a malignant growth/tumor.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "affect" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not <t>affecting</t> squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Senses:
1. definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch | examples=Will the new rules affect me?
2. definition=act physically on; have an effect upon | examples=the medicine affects my heart rate
3. definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=involve, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
4. definition=make believe with the intent to deceive | synonyms=feign, sham, pretend, dissemble | examples=He feigned that he was ill; He shammed a headache
5. definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=impress, move, strike | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...patients whose cancer was not <t>affecting</t> squamous cells had longer survival times..." and "...patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times..."
    *   Target word: "affecting" (from "affect").
    *   Meaning in context: The cancer is impacting, involving, or physically acting upon the squamous cells.

    *   Sense 1: "have an effect upon" (general impact, e.g., "Will the new rules affect me?").
    *   Sense 2: "act physically on; have an effect upon" (physical/biological effect, e.g., "the medicine affects my heart rate").
    *   Sense 3: "connect closely and often incriminatingly" (involve, regard, e.g., "This new ruling affects your business").
    *   Sense 4: "make believe with the intent to deceive" (feign, sham).
    *   Sense 5: "have an emotional or cognitive impact upon" (impress, move).

    *   The context describes cancer (a biological process) acting upon squamous cells (physical cells in the body).
    *   This is a physical/biological effect.
    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "act physically on" and gives a medical example ("the medicine affects my heart rate").
    *   Sense 1 is more general.
    *   Sense 3 is about legal/business involvement.
    *   Sense 4 is about pretending.
    *   Sense 5 is about emotions.

    *   The cancer is physically impacting/acting upon the cells. This fits Sense 2 perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "long" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had <t>longer</t> survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Senses:
1. definition=primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified | examples=a long life; a long boring speech
2. definition=primarily spatial sense; of relatively great or greater than average spatial extension or extension as specified | examples=a long road; a long distance
3. definition=of relatively great height; - Sherwood Anderson | examples=a race of long gaunt men; looked out the long French windows
4. definition=good at remembering | synonyms=retentive, recollective, tenacious | examples=a retentive mind; tenacious memory
5. definition=holding securities or commodities in expectation of a rise in prices | examples=is long on coffee; a long position in gold
6. definition=(of speech sounds or syllables) of relatively long duration | examples=the English vowel sounds in `bate', `beat', `bite', `boat', `boot' are long
7. definition=involving substantial risk | examples=long odds
8. definition=planning prudently for the future | synonyms=farseeing, farsighted, foresighted, foresightful, prospicient, longsighted | examples=large goals that required farsighted policies; took a long view of the geopolitical issues
9. definition=having or being more than normal or necessary: | examples=long on brains; in long supply

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had <t>longer</t> survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."
    *   Target word: "longer" (comparative form of "long").
    *   Meaning in context: "longer survival times" refers to a greater duration of time that patients survived.

    *   Sense 1: primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time... (Example: a long life).
    *   Sense 2: primarily spatial sense; of relatively great or greater than average spatial extension... (Example: a long road).
    *   Sense 3: of relatively great height... (Example: long gaunt men).
    *   Sense 4: good at remembering... (Example: retentive mind).
    *   Sense 5: holding securities or commodities... (Example: long position in gold).
    *   Sense 6: (of speech sounds or syllables) of relatively long duration... (Example: English vowel sounds).
    *   Sense 7: involving substantial risk... (Example: long odds).
    *   Sense 8: planning prudently for the future... (Example: long view).
    *   Sense 9: having or being more than normal or necessary... (Example: long on brains).

    *   "Survival times" refers to the duration of time.
    *   "Longer" in this context means a greater duration of time.
    *   This matches Sense 1 perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "survival" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer <t>survival</t> times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Senses:
1. definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. definition=something that survives

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical text discussing the effectiveness of a drug (Alimta) on patients with cancer (malignant pleural mesothelioma, non-small cell lung cancer). It mentions "survival time," "survived for an average of 12.1 months," and "longer survival times."
    *   Target word: "survival" (specifically in the phrase "longer survival times").

    *   Sense 1: "a state of surviving; remaining alive" (synonym: endurance).
    *   Sense 2: "a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment" (synonyms: survival of the fittest, natural selection).
    *   Sense 3: "something that survives".

    *   The text talks about how long patients lived after treatment.
    *   "Survival time" refers to the duration of time a patient remains alive.
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 1 ("a state of surviving; remaining alive").
    *   It is not about evolution (Sense 2).
    *   It is not referring to a specific object or person that survived (Sense 3).

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "time" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Senses:
1. definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."
    *   Target word: "times" (plural of "time").
    *   Usage: "survival times".

    *   Sense 1: An instance or single occasion (e.g., "four times").
    *   Sense 2: Time as a resource (e.g., "didn't have time").
    *   Sense 3: An indefinite period marked by specific attributes (e.g., "a long time").
    *   Sense 4: A suitable moment (e.g., "time to go").
    *   Sense 5: The continuum of experience (general concept of time).
    *   Sense 6: A person's experience on a particular occasion (e.g., "had a good time").
    *   Sense 7: Clock time (e.g., "what time is it?").
    *   Sense 8: The fourth dimension.
    *   Sense 9: Rhythm/meter.
    *   Sense 10: Prison term.

    *   "Survival time" refers to the duration of time a patient survives after a certain point (diagnosis or start of treatment).
    *   Looking at the senses again:
        *   Sense 1 (instance/occasion) doesn't fit.
        *   Sense 2 (resource) doesn't fit.
        *   Sense 3 (an indefinite period marked by specific attributes/activities) seems closest. "Survival time" is a period of time marked by the attribute of survival.
        *   Sense 4 (suitable moment) doesn't fit.
        *   Sense 5 (continuum) doesn't fit.
        *   Sense 6 (experience) doesn't fit.
        *   Sense 7 (clock time) doesn't fit.
        *   Sense 8 (fourth dimension) doesn't fit.
        *   Sense 9 (rhythm) doesn't fit.
        *   Sense 10 (prison term) doesn't fit.

    *   Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)".
    *   Example: "he waited a long time".
    *   "Survival time" is the length of the period during which the patient survived. This is a duration/period of time.

    *   Is there a better sense?
    *   Sense 1 is "instance/occasion". "Survival times" in the plural here refers to the durations for different patients.
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 3 again. "an indefinite period". Survival time is a duration.
    *   Let's check if "survival time" fits any other sense.
    *   Sense 1: "he called four times" (frequency). Not this.
    *   Sense 3: "he waited a long time". "Survival time" is similar to "a long time" in that it describes a duration.

    *   "Survival time" = the amount of time from a starting point to death.
    *   This is a duration/period.
    *   Sense 3 is the only one that describes a period of time.

    *   Sense 1: instance/occasion.
    *   Sense 2: resource.
    *   Sense 3: period.
    *   Sense 4: moment.
    *   Sense 5: continuum.
    *   Sense 6: experience.
    *   Sense 7: clock reading.
    *   Sense 8: dimension.
    *   Sense 9: rhythm.
    *   Sense 10: prison term.

    The word "times" in "survival times" refers to the durations (periods) of survival for the patients. This fits Sense 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "contrast" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In <t>contrast</t>, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Senses:
1. definition=the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared; , | synonyms=direct contrast | examples=in contrast to; by contrast
2. definition=the act of distinguishing by comparing differences
3. definition=a conceptual separation or distinction | synonyms=line, dividing line, demarcation | examples=there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity
4. definition=the perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors
5. definition=the range of optical density and tone on a photographic negative or print (or the extent to which adjacent areas on a television screen differ in brightness)

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical text comparing the survival times of patients receiving Alimta vs. other treatments.
    *   Specific sentence: "In <t>contrast</t>, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."
    *   Preceding sentence: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."

    *   Sense 1: "the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared; , | synonyms=direct contrast | examples=in contrast to; by contrast"
    *   Sense 2: "the act of distinguishing by comparing differences"
    *   Sense 3: "a conceptual separation or distinction | synonyms=line, dividing line, demarcation"
    *   Sense 4: "the perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors"
    *   Sense 5: "the range of optical density and tone on a photographic negative or print..."

    *   The phrase "In contrast" is used as a transition to show a difference between two groups of patients (those whose cancer was *not* affecting squamous cells vs. those whose cancer *was* affecting squamous cells).
    *   This matches the "opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared" and the example "by contrast".

    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 is the *act* of comparing, not the state of being different.
    *   Sense 3 is a "dividing line".
    *   Sense 4 and 5 are visual/optical.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "patient" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, <t>patients</t> whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Senses:
1. definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical text discussing the survival times of people receiving Alimta and cisplatin for non-small cell lung cancer.
    *   Target word: "patients" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Sentence: "In contrast, <t>patients</t> whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."

    *   Sense 1: "a person who requires medical care" (Medical context).
    *   Sense 2: "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause" (Linguistic/Grammatical context).

    *   The context is clearly medical (cancer, chemotherapy, survival times, Alimta, cisplatin).
    *   The word "patients" refers to the people being treated for cancer.
    *   This matches Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose <t>cancer</t> was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical text discussing the effectiveness of Alimta and cisplatin in treating "non-small cell lung cancer" and the survival times of patients based on whether their "cancer" affected squamous cells.
    *   Target word: "cancer" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Malignant growth/tumor (medical).
        2.  Person born under the sign of Cancer (astrology).
        3.  Zodiacal constellation (astronomy).
        4.  Fourth sign of the zodiac (astrology).
        5.  Genus of crabs (biology).

    *   The context mentions "Patients", "Alimta", "cisplatin", "non-small cell lung cancer", "chemotherapy", "survival times", and "squamous cells".
    *   All these terms are medical.
    *   The word "cancer" refers to the disease affecting the patients.

    *   Sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division..." - This matches the medical context perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Astrology (person) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: Astronomy (constellation) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: Astrology (sign) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: Biology (genus of crabs) - Incorrect.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "affect" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was <t>affecting</t> squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Senses:
1. definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch | examples=Will the new rules affect me?
2. definition=act physically on; have an effect upon | examples=the medicine affects my heart rate
3. definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=involve, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
4. definition=make believe with the intent to deceive | synonyms=feign, sham, pretend, dissemble | examples=He feigned that he was ill; He shammed a headache
5. definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=impress, move, strike | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "In contrast, patients whose cancer was <t>affecting</t> squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."
    *   Target word: "affecting" (from "affect").
    *   Meaning in context: The cancer is impacting, attacking, or physically acting upon the squamous cells.

    *   Sense 1: "have an effect upon" (general impact, e.g., "Will the new rules affect me?").
    *   Sense 2: "act physically on; have an effect upon" (physical/biological effect, e.g., "the medicine affects my heart rate").
    *   Sense 3: "connect closely and often incriminatingly" (involve, regard, e.g., "This new ruling affects your business").
    *   Sense 4: "make believe with the intent to deceive" (feign, sham, e.g., "He feigned that he was ill").
    *   Sense 5: "have an emotional or cognitive impact upon" (impress, move, e.g., "This child impressed me as unusually mature").

    *   The context describes cancer (a biological process) acting upon squamous cells (physical biological structures).
    *   Sense 1 is general.
    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "act physically on" and gives a medical example ("medicine affects my heart rate").
    *   Sense 3, 4, and 5 are clearly incorrect.

    *   Sense 2 is the most precise fit for a medical context where a disease is acting upon specific cells.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "short" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had <t>shorter</t> survival times if they received Alimta.

Senses:
1. definition=primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration | examples=a short life; a short flight
2. definition=(primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length | examples=short skirts; short hair
3. definition=low in stature; not tall | synonyms=little | examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature
4. definition=not sufficient to meet a need | synonyms=inadequate, poor | examples=an inadequate income; a poor salary
5. definition=(of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range | synonyms=unretentive, forgetful | examples=a short memory
6. definition=not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices | examples=a short sale; short in cotton
7. definition=of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration | examples=the English vowel sounds in `pat', `pet', `pit', `pot', putt' are short
8. definition=less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so | synonyms=light, scant | examples=a light pound; a scant cup of sugar
9. definition=lacking foresight or scope | synonyms=shortsighted, unforesightful, myopic | examples=a short view of the problem; shortsighted policies
10. definition=tending to crumble or break into flakes due to a large amount of shortening | examples=shortbread is a short crumbly cookie; a short flaky pie crust
11. definition=marked by rude or peremptory shortness | synonyms=brusque, brusk, curt | examples=try to cultivate a less brusque manner; a curt reply

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had <t>shorter</t> survival times if they received Alimta."
    *   Target word: "shorter" (comparative of "short").
    *   Meaning in context: "shorter survival times" refers to the duration of time patients survived.

    *   Sense 1: primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration (e.g., a short life; a short flight).
    *   Sense 2: (primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length (e.g., short skirts; short hair).
    *   Sense 3: low in stature; not tall (e.g., he was short and stocky).
    *   Sense 4: not sufficient to meet a need (e.g., an inadequate income).
    *   Sense 5: (of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range (e.g., a short memory).
    *   Sense 6: not holding securities or commodities... (financial term).
    *   Sense 7: of speech sounds or syllables... (linguistics).
    *   Sense 8: less than the correct or legal or full amount... (e.g., a light pound).
    *   Sense 9: lacking foresight or scope (e.g., a short view of the problem).
    *   Sense 10: tending to crumble or break into flakes... (cooking).
    *   Sense 11: marked by rude or peremptory shortness (e.g., a curt reply).

    *   "Survival times" refers to a duration of time.
    *   "Shorter" in this context means a duration of time that is less than another.
    *   This matches Sense 1: "primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration".

    *   Sense 1 is the only one that fits the temporal aspect of "survival times".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "survival" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter <t>survival</t> times if they received Alimta.

Senses:
1. definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. definition=something that survives

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A medical text discussing the effectiveness of Alimta and cisplatin in treating non-small cell lung cancer. It mentions "survived for an average of 12.1 months," "average survival time," and "longer survival times."
    *   Target word: "survival" (specifically in the phrase "shorter survival times").
    *   Senses:
        1.  a state of surviving; remaining alive.
        2.  a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment (natural selection).
        3.  something that survives.

    *   The text is about how long patients lived after treatment.
    *   "Survival times" refers to the duration of time patients remained alive.
    *   This matches Sense 1: "a state of surviving; remaining alive."

    *   Sense 2 (evolution/natural selection) is completely irrelevant to a clinical trial.
    *   Sense 3 (something that survives) refers to an object or entity that persists, not the duration of life.