[User]
Which numbered sense of "show" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as <t>shown</t> in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Senses:
1. definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

finish_reason: length

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Finally, as <t>shown</t> in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices..."
    *   Target word: "shown" (past participle of "show").
    *   Usage: "as shown in the table".

    *   Sense 1: Give an exhibition (demo, exhibit). (Not this)
    *   Sense 2: Establish validity (prove, demonstrate). (Possible, but usually refers to a logical proof or experiment)
    *   Sense 3: Provide evidence for (testify, bear witness). (Possible, but usually refers to a sign or symptom)
    *   Sense 4: Make visible or noticeable. (Possible, but general)
    *   Sense 5: Show in, or as in, a picture (picture, depict, render). (Tables are representations of data, similar to pictures/charts)
    *   Sense 6: Give expression to (express, evince). (Not this)
    *   Sense 7: Indicate a place, direction, person, or thing. (Not this)
    *   Sense 8: Be or become visible or noticeable. (Not this)
    *   Sense 9: Indicate a certain reading (gauges/instruments). (Not this)
    *   Sense 10: Give evidence of, as of records (diary shows distress). (Possible, as a table is a record)
    *   Sense 11: Take to seats (usher). (Not this)
    *   Sense 12: Finish third or better in a race. (Not this)

    *   "as shown in the table"
    *   Is it "depicting" the data (Sense 5)?
    *   Is it "providing evidence" (Sense 3)?
    *   Is it "establishing validity" (Sense 2)?
    *   Is it "giving evidence of, as of records" (Sense 10)?

    Let's look closer at Sense 5: "show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render". A table is a visual representation of data.
    Let's look closer at Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress". A table is a record of data.

    Wait, let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish". Often, "as shown in the table" is used to *demonstrate* a point.

    Let's compare "shown in the table" with the examples:
    - Sense 5: "This scene depicts country life" (Visual representation).
    - Sense 10: "The diary shows his distress" (Record showing a fact).
    - Sense 2: "The experiment demonstrated the instability" (Proof).

    In academic writing, "as shown in the table" usually means the data presented in the table *demonstrates* or *illustrates* the point being made.

    Let's look at the options again.
    Sense 5: "show in, or as in, a picture". A table isn't exactly a picture, but it's a visual display.
    Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records". A table is a record.

    Actually, let's look at Sense 5 again. "show in, or as in, a picture". If the table is viewed as a figure/illustration, this fits.
    But let's look at Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example...". The table serves as the example/evidence to establish the validity of the claim that Democrats allocate more staff to district offices.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 3: "provide evidence for". "The blood test showed that he was the father". A table provides evidence for the claim.

    Let's re-read the context: "Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices..."
    This is a very common phrase. In many dictionaries, "show" in "shown in the table" is categorized as "to make clear" or "to demonstrate".

    Let's re-examine Sense 5: "show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render".
    Let's re-examine Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress".

    If I have to choose between 2, 3, 5, and 10:
    - Sense 2 (establish validity/prove) is strong because the table is used to prove the point.
    - Sense 5 (depict/picture) is strong because the table visually presents the data.
    - Sense 10 (give evidence of, as of records) is strong because a table is a record.

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 5 again: "This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting". These are artistic depictions. A table is not an artistic depiction.

    Let's look at Sense 10: "The diary shows his distress". A diary is a record. A table is a record.

    Let's look at Sense 2: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound". A table is often the result of an experiment or data collection used to demonstrate a point.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 3: "The blood test showed that he was the father". A blood test is a piece of evidence. A table is a piece of evidence.

    Let's think about the most common way "shown in the table" is classified in WordNet (which these senses seem to be from).
    In WordNet, "show" has many senses.
    Sense 2: demonstrate (establish validity)
    Sense 3: provide evidence for
    Sense 5: depict (picture)
    Sense 10: give evidence of (records)

    Let's try to find the most precise one. "As shown in the table" means "as is demonstrated/evidenced by the table".
    If the table *contains* the information, it's like a record (Sense 10).
    If the table *proves* the point, it's Sense 2 or 3.

    Let's re-read Sense 5: "show in, or as in, a picture". A table is often considered a "figure" or "illustration" in a paper.

    Let's look at the phrase "as shown in the table" again. It's almost always used to point the reader to the evidence.
    "As shown in Figure 1..."
    "As shown in the table..."

    If we look at the synonyms for Sense 2: prove, demonstrate, establish.
    If we look at the synonyms for Sense 3: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence.
    If we look at the synonyms for Sense 5: picture, depict, render.

    Actually, "demonstrate" (Sense 2) is very common for this. "The data demonstrate that..." "As demonstrated in the table..."

    Let's double-check Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress". This is very close. A table is a record of data.

    Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 10.
    Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment"
    Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records"

    "As shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion..."
    The table is the record that gives evidence of the allocation.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 5 again. "show in, or as in, a picture". In many contexts, "shown in the table" is treated as "depicted in the table".

    Let's search for "shown in the table" in a dictionary or corpus.
    Often, "show" in this context means "to present information".
    Looking at the provided senses:
    1. exhibition
    2. establish validity (prove/demonstrate)
    3. provide evidence for (testify)
    4. make visible
    5. picture/depict
    6. express
    7. indicate place/direction
    8. become visible
    9. indicate reading (gauge)
    10. give evidence of (records)

    If the table is the *source* of the information, Sense 10 ("give evidence of, as of records") fits well.
    If the table is the *means* of proving the point, Sense 2 ("establish the validity") fits well.

    Let's re-read the sentence: "Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices..."
    The table *shows* (contains/displays) the data that supports the claim.

    Let's look at Sense 5 again: "show in, or as in, a picture". A table is a visual representation.

    Let's try to find this specific sense set. These look like WordNet senses.
    In WordNet:
    - show.n.01 (exhibit)
    - show.n.02 (demonstrate)
    - show.n.03 (evidence)
    - show.n.04 (make visible)
    - show.n.05 (depict)
    - show.n.06 (express)
    - show.n.07 (indicate)
    - show.n.08 (become visible)
    - show.n.09 (read)
    - show.n.10 (give evidence of)

    Wait, let's look at Sense 5 again: "show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render".
    And Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress".

    If the table is just *displaying* the data, it's more like Sense 5 (depicting the data). If the table is *proving* the point, it's Sense 2 or 3.

    Let's re-read: "Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion..."
    This is a statement of fact based on the table. The table *displays* this fact.

    Let's compare:
    "The map shows the road to the city." (Sense 5 - depict)
    "The table shows the results of the survey." (Sense 5 - depict/present)
    "The evidence shows that he is guilty." (Sense 3 - provide evidence for)
    "The records show that he was absent." (Sense 10 - give evidence of, as of records)

    A table is a record of data. "The table shows that Democrats allocate..." is very similar to "The records show that Democrats allocate...".

    Let's look at Sense 5 again: "show in, or as in, a picture". A table is not a picture.

    Let's look at Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". The table is an example/demonstration.

    Let's look at Sense 10 again: "give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress".
    A table is a record. The table shows (gives evidence of) the allocation.

    Let's think about "as shown in the table". This is a very common phrase.
    If you say "as shown in the table", you are saying "as is presented/displayed in the table".
    Does "depict" (Sense 5) fit "presented/displayed"? Yes.
    Does "give evidence of, as of records" (Sense 10) fit? Yes.

    Let's try to find which one is more common for "table".
    "The table shows that..."
    If the table is just presenting the data, it's like a map or a picture (Sense 5).
    If the table is a record, it's Sense 10.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 5's examples: "This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting". These are very artistic.

    Let's look at Sense 10's example: "The diary shows his distress". A diary is a record of events/feelings. A table is a record of data.

    Let's look at Sense 2's example: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound". A table is often the *result* of an experiment.

    Let's re-read the context one more time.
    "Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices..."
    The table is being used to *demonstrate* the point.

    Let's consider Sense 5 again. In many NLP datasets (like SemCor), "show" in "shown in the table" or "shown in the figure" is often mapped to the "depict" sense (Sense 5).

    Let's double-check Sense 5: "show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render".
    A table *is* a way of picturing data.

    Let's double-check Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress".
    This is also very plausible.

    Let's think about the difference between "The table shows that X is true" and "The table shows X".
    "The table shows that Democrats allocate a higher proportion..."
    This is "The table [demonstrates/proves] that...".

    Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish".
    This seems to fit "The table shows that [claim]" very well.

    Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 5 again.
    Sense 2: establish validity (prove/demonstrate)
    Sense 5: depict (picture/render)

    If the sentence was "The table shows the number of staff", that would be Sense 5 (depicting the numbers).
    But the sentence is "as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion...", which is a conclusion drawn from the table. This makes it more like "as demonstrated in the table".

    Let's re-examine Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
    The table is the "example" or "experiment" (data) that establishes the validity of the claim.

    Let's look at Sense 3: "provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father".
    This is also very close. "The table showed that Democrats allocate..."

    Wait, let's look at the difference between Sense 2 and Sense 3.
    Sense 2: establish validity (demonstrate/prove)
    Sense 3: provide evidence for (testify/evidence)

    In academic writing, "as shown in the table" is often used to *demonstrate* a point.

    Let's search for "as shown in the table" and "demonstrate".
    "As shown in Table 1, the results demonstrate that..."
    "As shown in Table 1, X is higher than Y." (Here, "shown" is the word in question).

    If "shown" means "demonstrated", then Sense 2 is the best fit.
    If "shown" means "depicted", then Sense 5 is the best fit.
    If "shown" means "evidenced by records", then Sense 10 is the best fit.

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 5 again: "This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting". These are very visual/artistic.
    Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture". These are academic/logical.

    The context "as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion..." is academic/logical.

    Let's double-check Sense 10: "The diary shows his distress". This is more about a record revealing a hidden fact.

    So, Sense 2 seems more likely than Sense 10 or Sense 5.

    Wait, let me think about Sense 5 one more time. "show in, or as in, a picture". A table is a visual representation. In many contexts, "shown in the table" is just a way of saying "presented in the table".

    Let's look at the options again.
    Sense 2: establish validity (prove, demonstrate)
    Sense 3: provide evidence for (testify, bear witness)
    Sense 5: picture, depict, render
    Sense 10: give evidence of, as of records

    If I say "As shown in the table, X is true", I am using the table to *demonstrate* that X is true.
    If I say "The table shows X", I am saying the table *depicts* X.

    The phrase is "as shown in the table, [claim]". This means "as is demonstrated by the table, [claim]".

    Let's compare "demonstrate" (Sense 2) and "provide evidence for" (Sense 3).
    Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment"
    Sense 3: "provide evidence for"

    "As shown in the table" is more about the *demonstration* of the fact.

    Let's look at Sense 5 again. Could it be Sense 5? "show in, or as in, a picture".
    If you look at a table, you are *seeing* the data.
    But the sentence isn't "The table shows the data"; it's "as shown in the table, [conclusion]".

    Let's try to find this exact sense set online. These are definitely WordNet senses


status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "show" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as <t>shown</t> in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Senses:
1. definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 12. Return only the integer.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Finally, as <t>shown</t> in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices..."
    *   Target word: "shown" (past participle of "show").
    *   Usage: "as shown in the table".

    *   Sense 1: give an exhibition (demo, exhibit).
    *   Sense 2: establish validity (prove, demonstrate).
    *   Sense 3: provide evidence for (testify, bear witness).
    *   Sense 4: make visible or noticeable.
    *   Sense 5: show in, or as in, a picture (picture, depict, render).
    *   Sense 6: give expression to (express, evince).
    *   Sense 7: indicate a place, direction, person, or thing (indicate, point).
    *   Sense 8: be or become visible or noticeable (show up).
    *   Sense 9: indicate a certain reading (gauges/instruments).
    *   Sense 10: give evidence of, as of records (diary shows distress).
    *   Sense 11: take someone to their seats (usher).
    *   Sense 12: finish third or better in a race.

    *   "as shown in the table" means the information is presented or depicted in the table.
    *   Is it Sense 1 (exhibition)? No.
    *   Is it Sense 2 (establish validity)? Maybe, but "shown in the table" usually refers to the presentation of data.
    *   Is it Sense 3 (provide evidence)? Maybe, but again, it's about the presentation.
    *   Is it Sense 4 (make visible)? Too general.
    *   Is it Sense 5 (show in a picture/depict)? A table is a way of depicting or rendering data.
    *   Is it Sense 10 (give evidence of, as of records)? A table is a record of sorts.

    *   Sense 5: "show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render". A table is a visual representation of data.
    *   Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress".
    *   Sense 2: "establish the validity of something... as by an example...".

    Let's look at common usage for "shown in the table". It usually means "presented" or "depicted".
    Wait, let's re-examine Sense 5: "show in, or as in, a picture". A table isn't exactly a picture, but it's a visual representation.
    Let's re-examine Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records". A table is a record.

    Let's look at Sense 2 again: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". The table is being used to support the argument.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 5 again. "This scene depicts country life". "As shown in the table" is very similar to "As depicted in the table".

    Let's check Sense 3: "provide evidence for". "The blood test showed that he was the father". "The table showed that Democrats allocate..."

    Let's compare Sense 5 and Sense 10.
    Sense 10: "The diary shows his distress".
    Sense 5: "This scene depicts country life".

    Actually, "shown in the table" is a very standard phrase. Let's see if there's a better fit.
    Sense 2: "establish the validity... as by an example".
    Sense 3: "provide evidence for".

    Let's think about "shown in the table" again. It means the data is *presented* there.
    Looking at the options:
    1. exhibition
    2. establish validity
    3. provide evidence
    4. make visible
    5. show in a picture/depict
    6. express
    7. indicate place/direction
    8. become visible
    9. gauge reading
    10. give evidence of records
    11. usher
    12. horse race

    If I have to choose between 2, 3, 5, and 10:
    - Sense 5 (depict) is often used for figures, tables, and diagrams.
    - Sense 10 (records) is used for diaries, logs, etc.
    - Sense 3 (evidence) is used for tests, behavior, etc.
    - Sense 2 (establish validity) is used for experiments, proofs.

    "As shown in the table" is most similar to "As depicted in the table" or "As presented in the table". Sense 5's "depict" fits this well.

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 10 again. "give evidence of, as of records". A table is a record of data. "The diary shows his distress". "The table shows that Democrats allocate..."

    Let's try to find this specific sense in a dictionary (like WordNet, which these senses seem to be from).
    WordNet "show":
    - show.n.01 (exhibition)
    - show.v.01 (exhibit)
    - show.v.02 (demonstrate/prove)
    - show.v.03 (evidence)
    - show.v.04 (make visible)
    - show.v.05 (depict)
    - show.v.06 (express)
    - show.v.07 (indicate)
    - show.v.08 (appear)
    - show.v.09 (read)
    - show.v.10 (give evidence of records)

    In many NLP datasets (like SemCor), "shown in the table" is often mapped to the sense of "depict" or "present".

    Let's re-read Sense 5: "show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render".
    Let's re-read Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records".

    If the sentence is "As shown in the table, Democrats allocate...", the table is *depicting* the allocation.

    Let's consider Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example...". The table is an example/evidence used to establish the validity of the claim.

    However, "shown in the table" is a very common phrase where "show" means "to be presented visually". This aligns best with Sense 5 (depict/render).

    Let's double-check Sense 10 again. "The diary shows his distress". This is more about what can be *inferred* from the record, whereas "shown in the table" is more about what is *explicitly presented*.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 5 again. "show in, or as in, a picture". A table is a visual representation.

    Let's search for "shown in the table" in a corpus. It's almost always used to mean "presented" or "depicted".

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
    "As shown in the table, [fact]"
    This could be interpreted as "As [is] established by the example [of the data] in the table, [fact]".

    But Sense 5 is more direct for the visual aspect of a table.

    Let's think about Sense 3: "provide evidence for". "The blood test showed that he was the father". "The table showed that Democrats allocate...". This also fits.

    Wait, let's look at the phrasing "as shown in the table". This is a passive construction. "As [it is] shown in the table". This strongly suggests the "depict/present" meaning.

    Let's compare:
    - "The table shows that..." (Sense 3 or 10)
    - "As shown in the table..." (Sense 5)

    Actually, "As shown in the table" is almost always Sense 5 (depict/present).

    Let's double-check the senses one more time.
    Sense 5: "show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render"
    Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records"

    If I say "The table shows that X is true", I might be using Sense 3 or 10.
    If I say "As shown in the table, X is true", I am referring to the visual presentation of the data in the table.

    Let's try Sense 5.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


attempt_kind: initial

[User]
Which numbered sense of "table" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the <t>table</t>, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Senses:
1. definition=a set of data arranged in rows and columns | synonyms=tabular array | examples=see table 1
2. definition=a piece of furniture having a smooth flat top that is usually supported by one or more vertical legs | examples=it was a sturdy table
3. definition=a piece of furniture with tableware for a meal laid out on it | examples=I reserved a table at my favorite restaurant
4. definition=flat tableland with steep edges | synonyms=mesa | examples=the tribe was relatively safe on the mesa but they had to descend into the valley for water
5. definition=a company of people assembled at a table for a meal or game | examples=he entertained the whole table with his witty remarks
6. definition=food or meals in general | synonyms=board | examples=she sets a fine table; room and board

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text discussing economic findings about GOP and Democratic senators/representatives, their staff budgets, attendance rates, and staffing allocations.
    *   Target word: "table" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Sentence: "Finally, as shown in the <t>table</t>, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices..." and "...the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to..."

    *   Sense 1: a set of data arranged in rows and columns (tabular array).
    *   Sense 2: a piece of furniture (flat top, legs).
    *   Sense 3: a piece of furniture with tableware for a meal.
    *   Sense 4: flat tableland (mesa).
    *   Sense 5: a company of people assembled for a meal/game.
    *   Sense 6: food or meals in general.

    *   The text refers to "data indicate," "economists," "allocated personal staff budgets," and "shown in the table."
    *   The "table" is being used to present data/evidence regarding the allocation of personal staffs.
    *   This matches Sense 1 (a set of data arranged in rows and columns).


[User]
Which numbered sense of "democrat" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, <t>Democrats</t> allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Senses:
1. definition=a member of the Democratic Party
2. definition=an advocate of democratic principles | synonyms=populist

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing the behavior of GOP senators vs. Democrats regarding staff budgets, attendance rates, and office allocation. It mentions "GOP senators," "Democratic House attendance rate," and "control of that body changed party hands."
    *   Target word: "Democrats" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Senses:
        1.  a member of the Democratic Party.
        2.  an advocate of democratic principles | synonyms=populist.

    *   The text compares "GOP senators" (Republicans) with "Democrats."
    *   It mentions "Democratic House attendance rate."
    *   It mentions "control of that body changed party hands."
    *   It discusses "majority-party status."
    *   All these terms refer to political parties in the United States (Republicans vs. Democrats).

    *   Sense 1: "a member of the Democratic Party" fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "an advocate of democratic principles" (general democracy) does not fit the context of party-specific behavior in the US Congress.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "proportion" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher <t>proportion</t> of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Senses:
1. definition=the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole
2. definition=magnitude or extent | synonyms=dimension | examples=a building of vast proportions
3. definition=balance among the parts of something | synonyms=symmetry
4. definition=the relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity, magnitude, or degree | synonyms=ratio | examples=an inordinate proportion of the book is given over to quotations; a dry martini has a large proportion of gin
5. definition=harmonious arrangement or relation of parts or elements within a whole (as in a design); - John Ruskin | synonyms=proportionality, balance | examples=in all perfectly beautiful objects there is found the opposition of one part to another and a reciprocal balance

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher <t>proportion</t> of their personal staffs to district offices..."
    *   Target word: "proportion"

    *   Sense 1: The quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole. (Mathematical/Fractional)
    *   Sense 2: Magnitude or extent (e.g., "vast proportions"). (Size)
    *   Sense 3: Balance among the parts of something (e.g., symmetry). (Balance)
    *   Sense 4: The relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity, magnitude, or degree (e.g., "an inordinate proportion of the book"). (Ratio/Percentage/Part of a whole)
    *   Sense 5: Harmonious arrangement or relation of parts (e.g., design). (Aesthetics/Balance)

    *   The sentence says "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices".
    *   This means a certain percentage or fraction of the total staff is assigned to district offices.
    *   It's comparing the part (staff in district offices) to the whole (total personal staff).

    *   Sense 1 is the mathematical definition (the quotient).
    *   Sense 4 is the relation between things with respect to comparative quantity (ratio/part of a whole).
    *   Looking at the examples for Sense 4: "an inordinate proportion of the book is given over to quotations". This is very similar to "a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices".
    *   Sense 1 is more about the *result* of the division (the number itself), whereas Sense 4 is about the *relationship* or the *amount* relative to the whole.
    *   In common usage, "a higher proportion" usually refers to the ratio or the relative amount (Sense 4).

    *   Sense 1: "the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole"
    *   Sense 4: "the relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity, magnitude, or degree"
    *   Example for Sense 4: "an inordinate proportion of the book is given over to quotations".
    *   Context: "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices".
    *   The context describes a relative amount (a part of the staff), which fits Sense 4 perfectly.

    *   Sense 1 is the strict mathematical definition.
    *   Sense 4 is the more general usage of "proportion" as a part/ratio of a whole.
    *   In the sentence "allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs", it's describing the relative quantity.

    *   Sense 1: quotient (the number).
    *   Sense 4: relation/ratio (the part relative to the whole).
    *   "A higher proportion" refers to the ratio/relative amount.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 1 and Sense 4.
    *   Sense 1: "the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole"
    *   Sense 4: "the relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity, magnitude, or degree"
    *   Example for Sense 4: "an inordinate proportion of the book is given over to quotations".
    *   The context "higher proportion of their personal staffs" is almost identical in structure to "inordinate proportion of the book".

    *   Sense 1: 0.25 (the quotient).
    *   Sense 4: A quarter of the book (the relation/ratio).
    *   The context "higher proportion" suggests a comparison of ratios.

    *   Sense 4 is the best fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "personal" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their <t>personal</t> staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Senses:
1. definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. definition=particular to a given individual
3. definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their <t>personal</t> staffs to district offices..."
    *   The term "personal" modifies "staffs" (referring to the staff members employed by individual members of Congress).
    *   The context discusses "personal staff budgets," "personal staff," and "personal staffing decisions."
    *   In the context of a legislator, "personal staff" refers to the staff hired by that specific individual legislator, as opposed to committee staff or party staff.

    *   Sense 1: concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality (e.g., personal favor, personal use).
    *   Sense 2: particular to a given individual.
    *   Sense 3: of or arising from personality (e.g., personal magnetism).
    *   Sense 4: intimately concerning a person's body or physical being (e.g., personal hygiene).
    *   Sense 5: indicating grammatical person (e.g., personal verb endings).

    *   Sense 1 (private life/personality) doesn't fit. The staff isn't for the legislator's private life; it's for their official duties.
    *   Sense 2 (particular to a given individual) fits well. "Personal staff" are the staff members assigned/hired specifically for that individual legislator, distinguishing them from shared resources like committee staff.
    *   Sense 3 (personality) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 4 (body/physical) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 5 (grammar) doesn't fit.

    *   The text contrasts "personal staff" with "committee staff."
    *   "Personal" here means the staff belongs to/is assigned to the individual member of Congress.
    *   This aligns with "particular to a given individual."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "staff" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal <t>staffs</t> to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Senses:
1. definition=personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task | examples=the hospital has an excellent nursing staff; the general relied on his staff to make routine decisions
2. definition=a strong rod or stick with a specialized utilitarian purpose | examples=he walked with the help of a wooden staff
3. definition=the body of teachers and administrators at a school | synonyms=faculty | examples=the dean addressed the letter to the entire staff of the university
4. definition=building material consisting of plaster and hair; used to cover external surfaces of temporary structure (as at an exposition) or for decoration
5. definition=a rod carried as a symbol
6. definition=(music) the system of five horizontal lines on which the musical notes are written | synonyms=stave

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing economists' findings on GOP and Democratic senators' use of "personal staff budgets," "personal staff," and "personal staffs" in the context of congressional offices (district offices vs. Washington offices).
    *   Target word: "staffs" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Sentence: "Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal <t>staffs</t> to district offices..."

    *   Sense 1: personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task (e.g., nursing staff, general's staff).
    *   Sense 2: a strong rod or stick (e.g., walking staff).
    *   Sense 3: the body of teachers and administrators at a school (faculty).
    *   Sense 4: building material (plaster and hair).
    *   Sense 5: a rod carried as a symbol.
    *   Sense 6: (music) the system of five horizontal lines (stave).

    *   The context is about members of Congress (senators, representatives) and the people they hire to help them (personal staff budgets, personal staff).
    *   "Personal staffs" refers to the group of employees/assistants hired by the legislators.
    *   This matches Sense 1: "personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task."

    *   Sense 1: Personnel assisting a superior. (Fits perfectly)
    *   Sense 2: Stick. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: School faculty. (Incorrect - this is a specific type of staff, but the context is political/governmental, not educational)
    *   Sense 4: Plaster. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Symbolic rod. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Music lines. (Incorrect)


[User]
Which numbered sense of "office" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district <t>offices</t> -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Senses:
1. definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | synonyms=business office | examples=he rented an office in the new building
2. definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau
3. definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office
5. definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | synonyms=office staff | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
6. definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
7. definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, spot, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district <t>offices</t> -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
    *   Target word: "offices" (plural of "office").
    *   Key clues: "district offices", "where local benefit-seeking duties matter more", "relative to Washington offices".

    *   Sense 1: Place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed (e.g., rented an office).
    *   Sense 2: An administrative unit of government (e.g., CIA, Census Bureau).
    *   Sense 3: Actions/activities assigned to a person/group (e.g., function, role).
    *   Sense 4: Holding power (e.g., being in office).
    *   Sense 5: Professional or clerical workers in an office (e.g., office staff).
    *   Sense 6: Religious rite (e.g., offices of the mass).
    *   Sense 7: A job in an organization (e.g., position, post).

    *   The text refers to "district offices" and "Washington offices".
    *   These are physical locations where staff are allocated to perform duties.
    *   Sense 1 describes a "place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed".
    *   Sense 2 describes an "administrative unit of government" (like an agency). While a district office is part of the government, "district office" usually refers to the physical location/branch rather than the entire agency (the agency would be the Representative's office as a whole, but the "district office" is the specific place in the home district).
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2: "District office" is a physical place where staff work. Sense 1 fits best as it describes the physical location.

    *   Is it a "job" (Sense 7)? No, they are allocating staff *to* the offices.
    *   Is it "power" (Sense 4)? No.
    *   Is it "staff" (Sense 5)? No, the staff are allocated *to* the offices.
    *   Is it a "role" (Sense 3)? No.
    *   Is it a "religious rite" (Sense 6)? No.
    *   Is it an "administrative unit" (Sense 2)? A district office is a small unit, but usually, "office" in the context of "district office" vs "Washington office" refers to the physical location/branch.

    *   "District offices" are the physical locations in the constituents' districts.
    *   "Washington offices" are the physical locations in D.C.
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 1: "place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "local" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where <t>local</t> benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where <t>local</t> benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
    *   Target word: "local"
    *   Surrounding context: "district offices", "benefit-seeking duties", "national policy making activities", "Washington offices".

    *   Sense 1: relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area (e.g., local taxes, local authorities).
    *   Sense 2: of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood (e.g., local customs, local schools).
    *   Sense 3: affecting only a restricted part or area of the body (e.g., local anesthesia).

    *   The text discusses "district offices" vs. "Washington offices".
    *   "Local benefit-seeking" refers to activities that benefit the specific district or area the politician represents, as opposed to "national policy making".
    *   This aligns with the administration/concerns of a specific district rather than a larger area (the nation).
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area".
    *   Sense 2 is more about characteristics/customs of a place.
    *   Sense 3 is medical.

    *   The context is about political representation and administration of a district.
    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "duty" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking <t>duties</t> matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Senses:
1. definition=the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; ; - John D.Rockefeller Jr | synonyms=responsibility, obligation | examples=we must instill a sense of duty in our children; every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty
2. definition=work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons | examples=the duties of the job
3. definition=a government tax on imports or exports | synonyms=tariff | examples=they signed a treaty to lower duties on trade between their countries

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit-seeking <t>duties</t> matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
    *   Target word: "duties" (plural of "duty").
    *   Contextual meaning: The tasks or responsibilities associated with the job of personal staff in district offices (specifically "local benefit-seeking").

    *   Sense 1: "the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force" (e.g., "sense of duty"). This is an internal feeling or moral obligation.
    *   Sense 2: "work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons" (e.g., "the duties of the job"). This refers to specific tasks or responsibilities associated with a role.
    *   Sense 3: "a government tax on imports or exports" (e.g., "tariff"). This is a financial tax.

    *   The context refers to "local benefit-seeking duties" performed by "personal staffs" in "district offices."
    *   This clearly refers to the tasks/work associated with their employment/role.
    *   Sense 2 ("work that you are obliged to perform... the duties of the job") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 1 is about a feeling of obligation, not the specific tasks.
    *   Sense 3 is about taxes, which is irrelevant here.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "national" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and <t>national</t> policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Senses:
1. definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero; national anthem
2. definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy
3. definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government; national elections
4. definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
5. definition=inside the country | synonyms=home, interior, internal | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior; the nation's internal politics
6. definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
7. definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...where local benefit-seeking duties matter more and <t>national</t> policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
    *   Target word: "national"
    *   Contextual meaning: The text contrasts "local benefit-seeking" with "national policy making." "Local" refers to specific districts/constituents, while "national" refers to the entire country/nation.

    *   Sense 1: "of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country" (General)
    *   Sense 2: "limited to or in the interests of a particular nation" (Exclusionary/Interest-based)
    *   Sense 3: "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country" (Comprehensive/Whole-nation)
    *   Sense 4: "owned or maintained for the public by the national government" (Ownership)
    *   Sense 5: "inside the country" (Internal/Domestic)
    *   Sense 6: "characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation" (Cultural/Trait)
    *   Sense 7: "of or relating to nationality" (Identity/Origin)

    *   The contrast is between "local" (district-level) and "national" (country-wide).
    *   "National policy making" refers to policies that apply to the entire nation, not just a specific local district.
    *   Sense 3 ("concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 1 is too general.
    *   Sense 2 is about interests of *one* nation vs others (international).
    *   Sense 4 is about ownership (parks).
    *   Sense 5 is about internal vs external.
    *   Sense 6 is about traits.
    *   Sense 7 is about nationality.

    *   "National policy making" = policy making that is concerned with or applicable to the entire nation. This aligns with Sense 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "policy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national <t>policy</t> making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Senses:
1. definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...national <t>policy</t> making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
    *   Target word: "policy"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  A plan of action adopted by an individual or social group.
        2.  A line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government.
        3.  Written contract or certificate of insurance.

    *   The sentence is: "...where local benefit-seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
    *   The phrase "national policy making" refers to the process of creating laws, regulations, or general plans of action for the country.

    *   Sense 1: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group". This fits well. National policy is a plan of action adopted by the government (a social group/entity).
    *   Sense 2: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government". This is more about the *justification* or *debate* surrounding the action, rather than the action/plan itself. "Policy making" refers to the creation of the plan, not the rationalization of it.
    *   Sense 3: "written contract or certificate of insurance". This is completely irrelevant.

    *   "Policy making" is the act of creating "policies" (plans of action).
    *   Sense 1 describes "policy" as a "plan of action adopted by an individual or social group".
    *   Sense 2 describes "policy" as a "line of argument".
    *   In the context of "national policy making", it refers to the creation of the plans/rules that govern the nation.

    *   Sense 1 is the most accurate fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "making" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy <t>making</t> activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Senses:
1. definition=the act that results in something coming to be | synonyms=devising, fashioning | examples=the devising of plans; the fashioning of pots and pans
2. definition=an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something | synonyms=qualification | examples=her qualifications for the job are excellent; one of the qualifications for admission is an academic degree
3. definition=(usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something | examples=the recipe listed all the makings for a chocolate cake

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...national policy <t>making</t> activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
    *   Target word: "making" (part of "policy making").
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  The act that results in something coming to be (devising, fashioning).
        2.  An attribute that must be met (qualification).
        3.  Components needed for making or doing something (ingredients).

    *   "National policy making" refers to the process of creating, devising, or formulating national policies.
    *   This aligns with the act of bringing something (a policy) into existence.

    *   Sense 1: "the act that results in something coming to be | synonyms=devising, fashioning | examples=the devising of plans". This fits perfectly. "Policy making" is the "devising of plans" (policies).
    *   Sense 2: "an attribute that must be met... qualification". This does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: "the components needed for making or doing something". This does not fit.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "activity" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making <t>activities</t> matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Senses:
1. definition=any specific behavior | examples=they avoided all recreational activity
2. definition=the state of being active | synonyms=action, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. definition=an organic process that takes place in the body | synonyms=bodily process, body process, bodily function | examples=respiratory activity
4. definition=(chemistry) the capacity of a substance to take part in a chemical reaction | examples=catalytic activity
5. definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, action | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
6. definition=the trait of being active; moving or acting rapidly and energetically | synonyms=activeness | examples=the level of activity declines with age

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...where local benefit-seeking duties matter more and national policy making <t>activities</t> matter less relative to Washington offices."
    *   Target word: "activities" (plural of "activity").
    *   Contextual meaning: "National policy making activities" refers to the specific things/tasks/behaviors involved in making national policy.

    *   Sense 1: "any specific behavior" (Example: "recreational activity"). This fits well. Policy making consists of specific behaviors/tasks.
    *   Sense 2: "the state of being active" (Synonyms: action, activeness). This refers to a state or sphere, not specific tasks.
    *   Sense 3: "an organic process that takes place in the body" (Example: "respiratory activity"). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: "(chemistry) the capacity of a substance to take part in a chemical reaction". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5: "a process existing in or produced by nature". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 6: "the trait of being active; moving or acting rapidly and energetically". Not applicable.

    *   The phrase "national policy making activities" refers to the specific actions, tasks, or behaviors associated with the process of making national policy.
    *   Sense 1 ("any specific behavior") is the best fit for "activities" in the sense of tasks or pursuits.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "relative" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less <t>relative</t> to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Senses:
1. definition=estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete | synonyms=comparative | examples=a relative stranger
2. definition=properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by `to' | synonyms=proportional | examples=the punishment ought to be proportional to the crime; earnings relative to production

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...where local benefit-seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less <t>relative</t> to Washington offices."
    *   Target word: "relative"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete (synonym: comparative). Example: "a relative stranger".
        2.  Properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by 'to' (synonym: proportional). Example: "earnings relative to production".

    *   The sentence compares the importance of "local benefit-seeking duties" and "national policy making activities" in district offices versus Washington offices.
    *   Specifically, it says national policy making activities matter less in district offices *relative to* Washington offices.
    *   This means the importance of national policy making in district offices is being compared to its importance in Washington offices.

    *   Sense 1: "estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete". This often describes a state (e.g., "relative poverty", "relative stranger").
    *   Sense 2: "properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by 'to'". This describes a relationship of proportion or comparison between two things (e.g., "earnings relative to production").

    *   The phrase "matter less relative to Washington offices" is comparing the degree of importance in one location versus another.
    *   This fits the pattern of "X [is more/less/etc.] relative to Y", which aligns with Sense 2 (proportional/comparative degree).
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1. "Comparative" can also mean "by comparison". However, Sense 2 specifically mentions the "followed by 'to'" pattern and the "size or degree" aspect.
    *   In "national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices", the "degree" of importance is being compared.

    *   Sense 1: "a relative stranger" (comparative).
    *   Sense 2: "earnings relative to production" (proportional/comparative degree).
    *   The context "matter less relative to Washington offices" is very similar to "earnings relative to production". It's comparing the level of one thing in one context to the level of that same thing in another context.

    *   Sense 1 is often used as an adjective before a noun (e.g., "relative success").
    *   Sense 2 is often used as an adjective/adverbial phrase following a comparison (e.g., "X is [adj] relative to Y").
    *   The context uses "relative to", which is explicitly mentioned in Sense 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "office" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington <t>offices</t>. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Senses:
1. definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | synonyms=business office | examples=he rented an office in the new building
2. definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau
3. definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office
5. definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | synonyms=office staff | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
6. definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
7. definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, spot, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington <t>offices</t>."
    *   Target word: "offices" (plural of office).
    *   Contextual clues: "district offices", "Washington offices", "personal staffs", "local benefit-seeking duties", "national policy making activities".

    *   Sense 1: Place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed (e.g., rented an office).
    *   Sense 2: Administrative unit of government (e.g., CIA, Census Bureau).
    *   Sense 3: Actions/activities assigned to a person/group (e.g., function, role).
    *   Sense 4: Holding power (e.g., being in office).
    *   Sense 5: Professional/clerical workers (e.g., office staff).
    *   Sense 6: Religious rite.
    *   Sense 7: A job in an organization (e.g., position, post).

    *   The text mentions "district offices" and "Washington offices".
    *   These are physical locations where staff members work.
    *   "District offices" are the local offices of members of Congress, and "Washington offices" are their offices in D.C.
    *   This fits Sense 1: "place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed".

    *   Sense 2 (Administrative unit): While a congressional office is part of the government, "Washington offices" in this context refers to the physical locations/workspaces rather than a large agency like the CIA.
    *   Sense 3 (Function): Not referring to a role.
    *   Sense 4 (Power): Not referring to being in power.
    *   Sense 5 (Staff): The text says "allocate... staffs to... offices", distinguishing the staff (people) from the offices (places).
    *   Sense 6 (Religious): Not applicable.
    *   Sense 7 (Job): Not referring to a specific job title or position.

    *   The word "offices" refers to the physical locations in Washington D.C. where the staff works. This matches Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "examination" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An <t>examination</t> of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes) | synonyms=scrutiny
2. definition=a set of questions or exercises evaluating skill or knowledge | synonyms=exam, test | examples=when the test was stolen the professor had to make a new set of questions
3. definition=formal systematic questioning | synonyms=interrogation, interrogatory
4. definition=a detailed inspection of your conscience (as done daily by Jesuits) | synonyms=examen
5. definition=the act of giving students or candidates a test (as by questions) to determine what they know or have learned | synonyms=testing

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "An <t>examination</t> of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987... reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to..."
    *   The word "examination" refers to the act of analyzing or studying data/changes in staffing decisions to draw a conclusion.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)" | synonyms: scrutiny. (This fits the context of analyzing data/changes).
    *   Sense 2: "a set of questions or exercises evaluating skill or knowledge" | synonyms: exam, test. (Does not fit; this is not a school test).
    *   Sense 3: "formal systematic questioning" | synonyms: interrogation, interrogatory. (Does not fit; no one is being interrogated).
    *   Sense 4: "a detailed inspection of your conscience" | synonyms: examen. (Does not fit; not about conscience).
    *   Sense 5: "the act of giving students or candidates a test" | synonyms: testing. (Does not fit; not about administering a test).

    *   The author is talking about analyzing data ("changes in personal staffing decisions") to see if a certain attribution is correct. This is a form of close examination or scrutiny of evidence.

    *   Sense 1 is the only one that fits the context of analyzing data or studying a situation.