[User]
Which numbered sense of "series" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration. Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A <t>series</t> of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved.

Senses:
1. definition=similar things placed in order or happening one after another | examples=they were investigating a series of bank robberies
2. definition=a serialized set of programs | synonyms=serial | examples=a comedy series; the Masterworks concert series
3. definition=a periodical that appears at scheduled times | synonyms=serial, serial publication
4. definition=(sports) several contests played successively by the same teams | examples=the visiting team swept the series
5. definition=(electronics) connection of components in such a manner that current flows first through one and then through the other | examples=the voltage divider consisted of a series of fixed resistors
6. definition=a group of postage stamps having a common theme or a group of coins or currency selected as a group for study or collection | examples=the Post Office issued a series commemorating famous American entertainers; his coin collection included the complete series of Indian-head pennies
7. definition=(mathematics) the sum of a finite or infinite sequence of expressions

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "A <t>series</t> of 5,000 or so changes is a 'peal' and takes about three hours."
    *   The word "series" refers to a sequence of "changes" (variations in the order of bells sounding) in change-ringing.
    *   These changes happen one after another.

    *   Sense 1: "similar things placed in order or happening one after another" (Example: bank robberies).
    *   Sense 2: "a serialized set of programs" (Example: comedy series).
    *   Sense 3: "a periodical that appears at scheduled times".
    *   Sense 4: "(sports) several contests played successively by the same teams".
    *   Sense 5: "(electronics) connection of components...".
    *   Sense 6: "a group of postage stamps... or coins...".
    *   Sense 7: "(mathematics) the sum of a finite or infinite sequence of expressions".

    *   The "changes" in bell ringing are events happening one after another.
    *   This fits perfectly with Sense 1: "similar things placed in order or happening one after another".

    *   Sense 2 (TV shows), 3 (periodicals), 4 (sports), 5 (electronics), 6 (stamps/coins), and 7 (math sums) are clearly incorrect.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "take" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration. Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and <t>takes</t> about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved.

Senses:
1. definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "A series of 5,000 or so changes is a 'peal' and <t>takes</t> about three hours."
    *   Target word: "takes"
    *   Meaning in context: The "peal" (a series of changes) requires or lasts for about three hours. It's referring to the duration of time.

    *   1. carry out (take action) - No.
    *   2. require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning - **Yes**, this matches perfectly.
    *   3. take somebody somewhere - No.
    *   4. get into one's hands - No.
    *   5. take on a certain form - No.
    *   6. interpret something - No.
    *   7. take something with oneself - No.
    *   8. take into one's possession - No.
    *   9. travel by means of transportation - No.
    *   10. pick out, select - No.
    *   11. receive willingly - No.
    *   12. assume positions or roles - No.
    *   13. take into consideration - No.
    *   14. require as useful, just, or proper (e.g., "takes nerve") - This is about qualities/requirements, not time.
    *   15. experience or feel - No.
    *   16. make a film - No.
    *   17. remove something - No.
    *   18. consume regularly - No.
    *   19. accept or undergo unwillingly - No.
    *   20. make use of or accept - No.
    *   21. take by force - No.
    *   22. occupy or take on (position) - No.
    *   23. admit into a group - No.
    *   24. ascertain or determine by measuring - No.
    *   25. be a student of - No.
    *   26. take as an undesirable consequence - No.
    *   27. head into a specified direction - No.
    *   28. point or cause to go towards - No.
    *   29. be seized or affected - No.
    *   30. have with oneself - No.
    *   31. engage for service - No.
    *   32. receive or obtain regularly - No.
    *   33. buy, select - No.
    *   34. get into a position of having - No.
    *   35. have sex with - No.
    *   36. lay claim to - No.
    *   37. be designed to hold - No.
    *   38. be capable of holding - No.
    *   39. develop a habit - No.
    *   40. proceed along in a vehicle - No.
    *   41. obtain by winning - No.
    *   42. be stricken by an illness - No.

    *   The context "takes about three hours" refers to the time required for a peal.
    *   Sense 2: "require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning".
    *   This is a direct match.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "about" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration. Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes <t>about</t> three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved.

Senses:
1. definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "A series of 5,000 or so changes is a 'peal' and takes <t>about</t> three hours."
    *   Target word: "about"
    *   Usage: "about three hours"

    *   Sense 1: (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct (approximately, roughly). Example: "lasted approximately an hour".
    *   Sense 2: all around or on all sides.
    *   Sense 3: in the area or vicinity.
    *   Sense 4: movement to or among many different places.
    *   Sense 5: in or to a reversed position or direction.
    *   Sense 6: in rotation or succession.
    *   Sense 7: slightly short of or not quite accomplished (almost).

    *   The phrase "about three hours" refers to a quantity of time.
    *   It means "approximately three hours".
    *   This matches Sense 1 perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "hour" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration. Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three <t>hours</t>. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved.

Senses:
1. definition=a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day | synonyms=hr, 60 minutes | examples=the job will take more than an hour
2. definition=clock time | synonyms=time of day | examples=the hour is getting late
3. definition=a special and memorable period | examples=it was their finest hour
4. definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=minute | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "A series of 5,000 or so changes is a 'peal' and takes about three <t>hours</t>."
    *   Target word: "hours" (plural of hour).
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  A period of time equal to 1/24th of a day (60 minutes).
        2.  Clock time (time of day).
        3.  A special and memorable period.
        4.  Distance measured by time.

    *   The sentence says a "peal" (a series of changes) "takes about three hours."
    *   This refers to the duration of the activity.
    *   "Three hours" means three periods of 60 minutes each.

    *   Sense 1: "a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day" (Matches duration).
    *   Sense 2: "clock time" (Does not match; it's not saying "the hour is 3 o'clock").
    *   Sense 3: "a special and memorable period" (Does not match).
    *   Sense 4: "distance measured by the time taken" (Does not match; it's not talking about distance).

    *   The usage "takes about three hours" clearly refers to the duration of time, which is Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "look" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A <t>look</t> at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Senses:
1. definition=the feelings expressed on a person's face | synonyms=expression, aspect, facial expression, face | examples=a sad expression; a look of triumph
2. definition=the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually | synonyms=looking, looking at | examples=he went out to have a look; his look was fixed on her eyes
3. definition=physical appearance | examples=I don't like the looks of this place
4. definition=the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people | synonyms=spirit, tone, feel, feeling, flavor, flavour | examples=the feel of the city excited him; a clergyman improved the tone of the meeting

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "A <t>look</t> at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved."
    *   Target word: "look"

    *   Sense 1: Facial expression (e.g., "a look of triumph").
    *   Sense 2: The act of directing eyes toward something/perceiving visually (e.g., "have a look").
    *   Sense 3: Physical appearance (e.g., "the looks of this place").
    *   Sense 4: General atmosphere/feel (e.g., "the feel of the city").

    *   The sentence says "A look at a Thursday night practice... gives an idea of the work involved."
    *   This means that by *observing* or *watching* the practice (the act of looking), one can understand the work involved.
    *   It refers to the act of viewing or observing the scene.

    *   Sense 1 (facial expression) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (act of directing eyes/perceiving visually) - Correct. "A look at [something]" is a common way to say "observing [something]".
    *   Sense 3 (physical appearance) - Incorrect. It's not about how the practice *looks* (appearance), but the act of *looking at* it.
    *   Sense 4 (atmosphere) - Incorrect.

    *   The phrase "A look at [something]" corresponds to Sense 2: "the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "night" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday <t>night</t> practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Senses:
1. definition=the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside | synonyms=nighttime, dark
2. definition=a period of ignorance or backwardness or gloom
3. definition=the period spent sleeping | examples=I had a restless night
4. definition=the dark part of the diurnal cycle considered a time unit | examples=three nights later he collapsed
5. definition=darkness | examples=it vanished into the night
6. definition=a shortening of nightfall | examples=they worked from morning to night
7. definition=the time between sunset and midnight | examples=he watched television every night
8. definition=Roman goddess of night; daughter of Erebus; counterpart of Greek Nyx | synonyms=Nox

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "A look at a Thursday <t>night</t> practice at St. Mary Abbot church..."
    *   Target word: "night"
    *   Usage: "Thursday night practice"

    *   Sense 1: Time after sunset and before sunrise (nighttime/dark).
    *   Sense 2: Period of ignorance/backwardness/gloom.
    *   Sense 3: Period spent sleeping.
    *   Sense 4: Dark part of the diurnal cycle as a time unit (e.g., "three nights later").
    *   Sense 5: Darkness (e.g., "vanished into the night").
    *   Sense 6: Shortening of nightfall (e.g., "morning to night").
    *   Sense 7: Time between sunset and midnight (e.g., "watched television every night").
    *   Sense 8: Roman goddess Nox.

    *   "Thursday night practice" refers to a practice session occurring during the evening/night part of Thursday.
    *   It describes the *time of day* (or rather, the part of the 24-hour cycle) when the practice takes place.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 7:
        *   Sense 1 is the general period of darkness.
        *   Sense 7 is the time between sunset and midnight (often used for evening activities).
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again: "the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside".
    *   Let's look at Sense 7 again: "the time between sunset and midnight".
    *   In "Thursday night practice", it's most likely referring to the evening hours.
    *   Let's check common dictionary usage for "Thursday night". Usually, this refers to the evening.
    *   Looking at the provided senses:
        *   Sense 1: General nighttime.
        *   Sense 7: Specifically the evening part (sunset to midnight).
    *   In the phrase "Thursday night practice", "night" acts as a modifier for "practice". It indicates the time of day.
    *   Is it "the time after sunset and before sunrise" (Sense 1) or "the time between sunset and midnight" (Sense 7)?
    *   Usually, "night" in "Thursday night" refers to the evening/nighttime period of that day.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 7.
        *   Sense 1: "the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside"
        *   Sense 7: "the time between sunset and midnight"
    *   If someone says "Thursday night", they usually mean the evening of Thursday.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 7: "he watched television every night". This is very similar to "Thursday night practice".
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "nighttime, dark".
    *   Actually, in many lexical databases (like WordNet), "night" as in "Thursday night" is often categorized as the period from sunset to sunrise (Sense 1) or specifically the evening (Sense 7).
    *   Let's look at the context again: "A look at a Thursday night practice". This is a scheduled event. Scheduled events usually happen in the evening (Sense 7).
    *   However, Sense 1 is the most general definition of the time of day.
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 7 again.
        *   Sense 1: sunset to sunrise.
        *   Sense 7: sunset to midnight.
    *   "Thursday night" typically encompasses the evening.
    *   Let's check if there's a better fit.
    *   Sense 4 is a time unit ("three nights later"). Not this.
    *   Sense 3 is sleep. Not this.
    *   Sense 2 is metaphorical. Not this.
    *   Sense 5 is darkness. Not this.
    *   Sense 6 is nightfall. Not this.
    *   Sense 8 is the goddess. Not this.

    *   Between 1 and 7:
        *   Sense 1: "the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside"
        *   Sense 7: "the time between sunset and midnight"
    *   "Thursday night" usually means the evening of Thursday. If it were 2 AM Friday, people wouldn't usually call it "Thursday night practice" (though they might). They would call a 7 PM practice "Thursday night practice".
    *   Sense 7 ("the time between sunset and midnight") fits the "evening" usage better.

    *   Wait, let me double-check the source of these senses. They look like WordNet senses.
    *   WordNet "night":
        1. the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside
        2. a period of ignorance or backwardness or gloom
        3. the period spent sleeping
        4. the dark part of the diurnal cycle considered a time unit
        5. darkness
        6. a shortening of nightfall
        7. the time between sunset and midnight
        8. Roman goddess of night...

    *   In "Thursday night practice", "night" is used to specify the time of the practice.
    *   If I say "I'll see you Thursday night", I mean the evening.
    *   Example for Sense 7: "he watched television every night".
    *   Example for Sense 1: (no example, but synonyms are nighttime, dark).
    *   "Thursday night" is a specific time of day. Sense 7 specifically covers the "evening" aspect (sunset to midnight), which is when practices occur.

    *   Let's think: is "Thursday night" the *entire* period from sunset to sunrise (Sense 1) or just the evening (Sense 7)?
    *   Usually, "night" in "Thursday night" refers to the evening.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 1: "the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 7: "the time between sunset and midnight".
    *   If the practice is at 8 PM, it's both. But Sense 7 is more specific to the "evening" usage.

    *   Let's search for "Thursday night" in a dictionary.
    *   Merriam-Webster: "night" (noun) - 1: the time from sunset to sunrise... 2: the time when people usually sleep... 3: the time between sunset and sunrise...
    *   Wait, the provided senses are very specific.
    *   Let's look at the example for Sense 7 again: "he watched television every night". This is almost identical in usage to "Thursday night practice". Both refer to a recurring or specific activity happening during the evening hours.

    *   Sense 1: General period of darkness.
    *   Sense 7: The evening part of the day.
    *   "Thursday night practice" -> Evening practice.
    *   Therefore, Sense 7 is the most precise fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "practice" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night <t>practice</t> at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Senses:
1. definition=a customary way of operation or behavior | synonyms=pattern | examples=it is their practice to give annual raises; they changed their dietary pattern
2. definition=systematic training by multiple repetitions | synonyms=exercise, drill, practice session, recitation | examples=practice makes perfect
3. definition=translating an idea into action | synonyms=praxis | examples=a hard theory to put into practice; differences between theory and praxis of communism
4. definition=the exercise of a profession | examples=the practice of the law; I took over his practice when he retired
5. definition=knowledge of how something is usually done | examples=it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "A look at a Thursday night <t>practice</t> at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved."
    *   The context describes bell ringers training/rehearsing their "methods" and "peals" on a specific night (Thursday).
    *   The sentence describes a scene where ringers are actively working/training.

    *   Sense 1: Customary way of operation or behavior (pattern). (e.g., "it is their practice to give annual raises") - *Doesn't fit.*
    *   Sense 2: Systematic training by multiple repetitions (exercise, drill, practice session). (e.g., "practice makes perfect") - *Fits well. A "Thursday night practice" is a practice session.*
    *   Sense 3: Translating an idea into action (praxis). (e.g., "put into practice") - *Doesn't fit.*
    *   Sense 4: The exercise of a profession. (e.g., "practice of the law") - *Doesn't fit.*
    *   Sense 5: Knowledge of how something is usually done. (e.g., "local practice") - *Doesn't fit.*

    *   The word "practice" in "Thursday night practice" refers to a scheduled session for training or rehearsal. This aligns perfectly with Sense 2 ("systematic training by multiple repetitions", "practice session").


[User]
Which numbered sense of "church" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot <t>church</t> in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Senses:
1. definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot <t>church</t> in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved."
    *   Target word: "church"
    *   Senses:
        1.  Group of Christians (denomination).
        2.  Place for public worship (building).
        3.  Service conducted in a house of worship.
        4.  Body of people attending a local church (congregation).

    *   The sentence mentions "St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London".
    *   It describes a "Thursday night practice" happening *at* this location.
    *   It mentions "ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle... each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber."
    *   The "ringing chamber" and the "high ceiling" clearly refer to a physical building.

    *   Sense 1 (Denomination): No, it's a specific location, not a global or regional group.
    *   Sense 2 (Building): Yes, it refers to the physical structure where the bells are located and where the ringers are standing.
    *   Sense 3 (Service): No, it's a practice session for bell ringing, not a religious service.
    *   Sense 4 (Congregation): No, it refers to the place where the activity is happening, not the group of people belonging to it.

    *   The correct sense is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "give" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London <t>gives</t> an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Senses:
1. definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
2. definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
3. definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
4. definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
5. definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
6. definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
7. definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
8. definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
9. definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
10. definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
11. definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
12. definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
13. definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
14. definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
15. definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
16. definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
17. definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
18. definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
19. definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
20. definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
21. definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
22. definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
23. definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
24. definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
25. definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
26. definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
27. definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
28. definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
29. definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
30. definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
31. definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
32. definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
33. definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
34. definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
35. definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
36. definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
37. definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
38. definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
39. definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
40. definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
41. definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
42. definition=occur | examples=what gives?
43. definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
44. definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London <t>gives</t> an idea of the work involved."
    *   Target word: "gives"
    *   Meaning in context: "A look... gives an idea" means that looking at the practice provides or affords an understanding/idea of the work involved.

    *   1: cause to have (abstract/physical) - "gave him a black eye" (No)
    *   2: be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples="He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information" (Possible: "A look... afforded much interesting information" is similar to "A look... gives an idea")
    *   3: transfer possession (concrete/abstract) - "gave her my money" (No)
    *   4: convey or reveal information - "Give one's name" (No, that's more like stating)
    *   5: convey/bestow (compliment, regards) - "give the orders" (No)
    *   6: organize/responsible for - "hold a reception" (No)
    *   7: convey/communicate (smile, look) - "gave me a dirty look" (No)
    *   8: give as a present - "give her for her birthday" (No)
    *   9: cause to happen/responsible for - "gave the team the victory" (No)
    *   10: dedicate - "give thought to" (No)
    *   11: give or supply (render, yield, generate) - "cow brings in 5 liters of milk" (No)
    *   12: transmit (knowledge/skills) - "give a secret" (No)
    *   13: bring about (establish) - "establishes depth" (No)
    *   14: leave with/give temporarily - "give you my keys" (No)
    *   15: emit or utter - "give a yelp" (No)
    *   16: endure loss of - "gave his life" (No)
    *   17: place into hands/custody - "hand me the spoon" (No)
    *   18: give entirely to a cause - "give one's talents" (No)
    *   19: give (medicine) - "gave him the drug" (No)
    *   20: give or convey physically - "gave him a punch" (No)
    *   21: bestow (render) - "give homage" (No)
    *   22: bestow officially (grant) - "grant a degree" (No)
    *   23: move to make room - "give way" (No)
    *   24: give food to - "feed the children" (No)
    *   25: contribute to some cause - "gave at the office" (No)
    *   26: break down - "wall collapsed" (No)
    *   27: estimate duration/outcome - "gave the patient three months" (No)
    *   28: execute and deliver - "Give bond" (No)
    *   29: deliver in exchange - "three books for four CDs" (No)
    *   30: afford access to - "door opens to the patio" (No)
    *   31: present to view - "gave the sign to start" (No)
    *   32: perform for an audience - "giving another concert" (No)
    *   33: be flexible - "material doesn't give" (No)
    *   34: propose - "gave the first of many toasts" (No)
    *   35: accord by verdict - "give a decision" (No)
    *   36: manifest or show - "gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering" (Possible: "A look... gives an idea" is similar to "The office gave evidence")
    *   37: offer in good faith - "gave her his word" (No)
    *   38: submit for consideration - "give one's opinion" (No)
    *   39: guide or direct - "gave me to think" (No)
    *   40: allow to have or take - "give you two minutes" (No)
    *   41: inflict as punishment - "gave the boy a good spanking" (No)
    *   42: occur - "what gives?" (No)
    *   43: consent to sexual intercourse - (No)
    *   44: proffer (a body part) - "gave her hand" (No)

    *   Sense 2: "be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information"
    *   Sense 36: "manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering"

    *   "A look... gives an idea of the work involved."
    *   Does it "manifest or show" an idea? (Sense 36)
    *   Does it "be the cause or source of" (afford) an idea? (Sense 2)

    Let's re-examine Sense 2: "Our meeting afforded much interesting information."
    Let's re-examine Sense 36: "The office gave evidence of tampering."

    "A look... gives an idea" is very similar to "Our meeting afforded much interesting information" (Sense 2) and "The office gave evidence of tampering" (Sense 36).

    Wait, "gives an idea" is often used to mean "provides an idea" or "conveys an idea."

    Let's look at Sense 2 again: "be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford".
    Let's look at Sense 36 again: "manifest or show".

    If I say "This gives me an idea," it's more like Sense 2 (source).
    If I say "This gives an idea of how it works," it's more like Sense 36 (shows/manifests).

    Let's compare:
    "A look... gives an idea of the work involved."
    = "A look... shows what the work involved is like." (Sense 36)
    = "A look... provides an idea of the work involved." (Sense 2)

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 36 again: "This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering."
    These examples show that something (the student, the office) *indicates* or *shows* something else (promise, evidence).
    "A look... gives an idea" also means the look *indicates* or *shows* the work involved.

    Let's look at Sense 2 again: "He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information."
    "Our meeting afforded much interesting information" is very close to "A look... gives an idea."

    Wait, let's re-read Sense 2: "be the cause or source of".
    Is the "look" the *source* of the idea? Yes.
    Is the "look" *manifesting* the idea? Yes.

    Let's think about "give an idea".
    If I say "Can you give me an idea of the cost?", I'm asking for information (Sense 4 or 38).
    But "A look... gives an idea" is more like "A look... provides a sense of".

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 2 and Sense 36.
    Sense 2: "Our meeting afforded much interesting information."
    Sense 36: "The office gave evidence of tampering."

    "A look... gives an idea of the work involved" is almost identical in structure to "The office gave evidence of tampering."
    (Subject) + (gave) + (noun indicating information/evidence) + (of something).

    Let's check Sense 2 again: "Our meeting afforded much interesting information."
    (Subject) + (afforded/gave) + (noun indicating information).

    Actually, "give an idea of" is a very common phrase. Let's see if it fits "manifest or show" better.
    "The evidence gives an idea of what happened." (Shows)
    "The look gives an idea of the work." (Shows)

    Let's look at Sense 2's "be the cause or source of".
    "The meeting gave (afforded) information." (The meeting was the source of the information).
    "The look gave (afforded) an idea." (The look was the source of the idea).

    This is tricky. Let's look at other senses.
    Sense 4: "convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name" (No)

    Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 36 again.
    Sense 2: "be the cause or source of"
    Sense 36: "manifest or show"

    "A look... gives an idea of the work involved."
    Does the look *cause* the idea, or does it *show* the idea?
    It *shows* the nature of the work.

    Let's look at the examples for 36 again:
    "This student gives promise of real creativity" (The student shows promise).
    "The office gave evidence of tampering" (The office showed evidence).
    "A look... gives an idea of the work" (The look shows an idea/sense of the work).

    This seems to fit Sense 36 very well.

    Let's double-check Sense 2:
    "He gave me a lot of trouble" (He was the source of trouble).
    "Our meeting afforded much interesting information" (The meeting was the source of information).

    While "A look... gives an idea" could be seen as the look being the source of the idea, the "gives an idea of [something]" construction is more about *showing* or *indicating* the nature of that something.

    Let's search for "give an idea of" in a dictionary.
    Merriam-Webster: "to provide a general understanding of"
    Oxford: "to provide a general idea of something"

    "Provide" can be "afford" (Sense 2) or "show" (Sense 36).

    Let's re-examine the examples:
    Sense 2: "Our meeting afforded much interesting information."
    Sense 36: "The office gave evidence of tampering."

    "A look... gives an idea of the work involved"
    "The office... gave evidence of tampering"
    These are almost identical in structure: [Subject] + [give] + [noun] + [of phrase].

    Let's check Sense 2 again: "Our meeting afforded much interesting information."
    This is [Subject] + [give/afford] + [noun].

    The "of" phrase in "idea of the work involved" and "evidence of tampering" strongly suggests Sense 36.

    Let's double-check Sense 36 one more time.
    "manifest or show"
    "This student gives promise of real creativity" (The student manifests promise).
    "The office gave evidence of tampering" (The office shows evidence).
    "A look... gives an idea of the work involved" (A look shows an idea/sense of the work).

    Yes, this seems the most fitting.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 2 again. "be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford".
    If "give an idea" means "provide an idea," and "afford" means "provide," then Sense 2 is also possible.
    But "manifest or show" (Sense 36) specifically fits the "give [evidence/promise/idea] of" pattern.

    Let's think about "give an idea of" again.
    "The map gives an idea of the terrain." (The map shows the terrain).
    "The map provides an idea of the terrain." (The map is the source of the idea).

    In many dictionaries, "give" in "give an idea" is listed as "provide" or "convey."
    Looking at the provided senses:
    Sense 2: be the cause or source of (afford)
    Sense 36: manifest or show

    If I have to choose between "source of" and "manifest/show," "manifest/show" feels slightly more accurate for "gives an idea of," as the "idea" is a representation of the "work involved."

    Let's re-read Sense 2's example: "Our meeting afforded much interesting information."
    This is very similar. "A look... afforded much interesting information" = "A look... gave an idea of the work involved."

    Wait, let's look at Sense 36's example: "The office gave evidence of tampering."
    This is also very similar. "A look... gave evidence of the work involved" = "A look... gave an idea of the work involved."

    Let's try to find a subtle difference.
    Sense 2: "He gave me a lot of trouble." (The trouble is the *result*).
    Sense 36: "The office gave evidence of tampering." (The evidence is the *indication*).

    "An idea of the work involved" is an *indication* of the work, not a *result* of the look.
    The look *indicates* the work.

    Therefore, Sense 36 ("manifest or show") is a better fit than Sense 2 ("be the cause or source of").

    Let's double-check other senses just in case.
    Sense 4: "convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name" (No, that's more like "state").
    Sense 11: "give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk" (No).
    Sense 12: "transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians" (No).

    Sense 36 still seems the strongest.

    Let's re-verify Sense 36: "manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering"
    "A look... gives an idea of the work involved."
    Yes, the look *shows* or *manifests* an idea of the work.

    Wait, let me think about "give an idea" one more time.
    If I say "This gives me an idea!", it's Sense 2 (the thing is the source of the idea).
    If I say "This gives an idea of how it works," it's Sense 36 (the thing shows how it works).
    The context is "A look... gives an idea of the work involved." This is the second case.

    Final check:
    Context: "A look... gives an idea of the work involved."
    Sense 36: "manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering"
    The structure and meaning match.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "idea" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an <t>idea</t> of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Senses:
1. definition=the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about | synonyms=thought | examples=it was not a good idea; the thought never entered my mind
2. definition=your intention; what you intend to do | synonyms=mind | examples=he had in mind to see his old teacher; the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces
3. definition=a personal view | examples=he has an idea that we don't like him
4. definition=an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth | synonyms=estimate, estimation, approximation | examples=an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take
5. definition=(music) melodic subject of a musical composition | synonyms=theme, melodic theme, musical theme | examples=the theme is announced in the first measures; the accompanist picked up the idea and elaborated it

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an <t>idea</t> of the work involved."
    *   Target word: "idea"

    *   Sense 1: Content of cognition; main thing thinking about (thought).
    *   Sense 2: Intention; what you intend to do (mind).
    *   Sense 3: A personal view (opinion/belief).
    *   Sense 4: An approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth (estimate, approximation).
    *   Sense 5: (Music) Melodic subject of a musical composition (theme).

    *   The sentence says: "A look at [the practice] gives an <t>idea</t> of the work involved."
    *   In this context, "gives an idea of" means it provides a general understanding, a rough sense, or an approximation of how much work is involved.
    *   It's not a specific "thought" (Sense 1), an "intention" (Sense 2), a "personal view" (Sense 3), or a "musical theme" (Sense 5).
    *   It fits best with Sense 4: "an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth" (synonyms: estimate, approximation). "Gives an idea of the work involved" $\approx$ "gives an approximation/estimate of the work involved."

    *   Sense 4: "an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth | synonyms=estimate, estimation, approximation | examples=an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take"
    *   The context "gives an idea of the work involved" aligns perfectly with "a rough idea how long it would take" or "an estimate of what it would cost." It's about getting a sense of the scale or degree of the work.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "work" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the <t>work</t> involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Senses:
1. definition=activity directed toward making or doing something | examples=she checked several points needing further work
2. definition=a product produced or accomplished through the effort or activity or agency of a person or thing | synonyms=piece of work | examples=it is not regarded as one of his more memorable works; the symphony was hailed as an ingenious work
3. definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=employment | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
4. definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=study | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
5. definition=(physics) a manifestation of energy; the transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force | examples=work equals force times distance
6. definition=a place where work is done | synonyms=workplace | examples=he arrived at work early today
7. definition=the total output of a writer or artist (or a substantial part of it) | synonyms=oeuvre, body of work | examples=he studied the entire Wagnerian oeuvre; Picasso's work can be divided into periods

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the <t>work</t> involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle... each pulling a rope..."
    *   Target word: "work"
    *   Meaning in context: The physical and mental effort required to ring the bells.

    *   Sense 1: activity directed toward making or doing something (e.g., "points needing further work").
    *   Sense 2: a product produced (e.g., "memorable works", "symphony").
    *   Sense 3: occupation for which you are paid (employment).
    *   Sense 4: applying the mind to learning/understanding (study).
    *   Sense 5: (physics) energy transfer (force x distance).
    *   Sense 6: a place where work is done (workplace).
    *   Sense 7: total output of a writer or artist (oeuvre).

    *   The context describes the physical exertion and activity involved in bell ringing ("shirt-sleeved ringers", "pulling a rope").
    *   Sense 1 ("activity directed toward making or doing something") fits best as it describes the effort/activity involved in the process.
    *   Sense 2 is a product (not a product here).
    *   Sense 3 is employment (bell ringing here is described as a "practice", likely a hobby/tradition, not necessarily paid employment).
    *   Sense 4 is study (though they memorize patterns, the "work involved" refers to the overall activity described in the following sentences).
    *   Sense 5 is physics (too technical).
    *   Sense 6 is a place (the "work" is not the church building itself in this phrase).
    *   Sense 7 is an oeuvre (not applicable).

    *   "gives an idea of the work involved" -> refers to the effort/activity required to perform the task. This aligns with Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "involved" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work <t>involved</t>. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Senses:
1. definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
2. definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved; brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion
3. definition=emotionally involved
4. definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous | examples=the Byzantine tax structure; Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship
5. definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist; the difficulties in which the question is involved

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work <t>involved</t>."
    *   Target word: "involved"
    *   Meaning in context: The "work involved" refers to the effort, participation, or the specific tasks required to perform the bell ringing described in the previous sentences (memorizing patterns, standing in a specific stance, pulling ropes for three hours).

    *   Sense 1: "connected by participation or association or use" (Examples: "large number of people involved", "the problems involved").
    *   Sense 2: "entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire" (Example: "difficulties in which the question is involved").
    *   Sense 3: "emotionally involved".
    *   Sense 4: "highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious" (Example: "Byzantine tax structure").
    *   Sense 5: "enveloped" (Example: "castle involved in mist").

    *   The phrase "the work involved" means the work that is *connected to* or *required for* the activity of bell ringing.
    *   This matches Sense 1: "connected by participation or association or use". The example "the problems involved" is very similar to "the work involved".

    *   Sense 2 (entangled/hindered) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 3 (emotionally involved) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 4 (complex/intricate) - while the *methods* of bell ringing are complex, the phrase "the work involved" refers to the effort/tasks associated with it, not that the work itself is "Byzantine" or "devious".
    *   Sense 5 (enveloped) doesn't fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "ringer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved <t>ringers</t> stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Senses:
1. definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage describing people ringing church bells in a specific pattern (change ringing) at St. Mary Abbot church in London.
    *   Target word: "ringers" (plural of "ringer").
    *   Key phrases: "ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound", "Ringers memorize patterns of changes", "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle... each pulling a rope".

    *   Sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" | synonyms: toller, bell ringer.
    *   Sense 2: "a person who is almost identical to another" | synonyms: dead ringer, clone.
    *   Sense 3: "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses".
    *   Sense 4: "(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg".

    *   The context explicitly mentions bells, ropes, a ringing chamber, and church bells.
    *   Sense 1 matches perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "stand" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers <t>stand</t> in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Senses:
1. definition=be standing; be upright | synonyms=stand up | examples=We had to stand for the entire performance!
2. definition=be in some specified state or condition | examples=I stand corrected
3. definition=occupy a place or location, also metaphorically | examples=We stand on common ground
4. definition=hold one's ground; maintain a position; be steadfast or upright | synonyms=remain firm | examples=I am standing my ground and won't give in!
5. definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | synonyms=digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, tolerate | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism; The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks
6. definition=have or maintain a position or stand on an issue | examples=Where do you stand on the War?
7. definition=remain inactive or immobile | examples=standing water
8. definition=be in effect; be or remain in force | examples=The law stands!
9. definition=be tall; have a height of; copula | examples=She stands 6 feet tall
10. definition=put into an upright position | synonyms=stand up, place upright | examples=Can you stand the bookshelf up?
11. definition=withstand the force of something | synonyms=resist, fend | examples=The trees resisted her; stand the test of time
12. definition=be available for stud services | examples=male domestic animals such as stallions serve selected females

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers <t>stand</t> in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance..."
    *   Target word: "stand"

    *   Sense 1: be standing; be upright (e.g., "stand for the entire performance")
    *   Sense 2: be in some specified state or condition (e.g., "stand corrected")
    *   Sense 3: occupy a place or location (e.g., "stand on common ground")
    *   Sense 4: hold one's ground; maintain a position (e.g., "standing my ground")
    *   Sense 5: put up with something unpleasant (e.g., "cannot bear")
    *   Sense 6: have a position on an issue (e.g., "Where do you stand on the War?")
    *   Sense 7: remain inactive or immobile (e.g., "standing water")
    *   Sense 8: be in effect (e.g., "The law stands!")
    *   Sense 9: be tall; have a height of (e.g., "stands 6 feet tall")
    *   Sense 10: put into an upright position (e.g., "stand the bookshelf up")
    *   Sense 11: withstand the force of something (e.g., "stand the test of time")
    *   Sense 12: be available for stud services (e.g., stallions)

    *   The sentence describes the physical posture and position of the ringers: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance..."
    *   This describes them being upright (Sense 1) and occupying a specific location/arrangement (Sense 3).
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3.
        *   Sense 1: "be standing; be upright".
        *   Sense 3: "occupy a place or location".
    *   In "stand in a circle", they are both upright and occupying a location. However, "stand in a circle" is a very common way to describe physical posture/positioning.
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "We had to stand for the entire performance!" (Focus on the act of not sitting).
        *   Sense 3: "We stand on common ground" (Focus on location/position).
    *   Wait, "stand in a circle" is more about the physical posture of being upright while positioned in a circle.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
        *   Sense 1: be standing; be upright.
        *   Sense 3: occupy a place or location.
    *   If I say "The statue stands in the square," that's Sense 3.
    *   If I say "The people stand in a circle," they are upright (Sense 1) and located in a circle (Sense 3).
    *   Usually, when describing people's physical posture (especially with "one foot ahead of the other"), Sense 1 (be upright) is the primary meaning.

    *   Sense 1: be standing; be upright.
    *   Sense 3: occupy a place or location.
    *   In the context "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other...", the emphasis is on their physical posture (upright, specific stance).
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "be standing; be upright".
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "occupy a place or location".
    *   Actually, "stand in a circle" is very similar to "stand in the room".
    *   Let's check if there's a better fit.
    *   Sense 1 is about the opposite of sitting or lying down.
    *   Sense 3 is about the location.
    *   "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle" -> They are upright (Sense 1) and they are in a circle (Sense 3).
    *   However, the phrase "one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance" strongly emphasizes the *way* they are standing (their posture), which aligns more with Sense 1 (be standing/upright).

    *   Sense 1: "be standing; be upright"
    *   Sense 3: "occupy a place or location"
    *   If the sentence was "The house stands on a hill," it would be Sense 3.
    *   If the sentence was "The ringers stand in a circle," it's describing their physical state of being upright.
    *   Let's look at the examples again. Sense 1: "We had to stand for the entire performance!"
    *   Sense 3: "We stand on common ground" (metaphorical).
    *   Wait, Sense 3 says "occupy a place or location, also metaphorically".
    *   "Stand in a circle" is a physical location.
    *   But "stand" in "stand in a circle" primarily means they are on their feet.
    *   Let's compare:
        *   "He stands in the corner." (Sense 1 or 3?)
        *   "The tower stands in the center of the town." (Sense 3)
        *   "The people stand in line." (Sense 1)
    *   Usually, for people, "stand" means to be upright (Sense 1). For inanimate objects, it means to be located (Sense 3).
    *   The description "one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance" reinforces the physical posture of being upright.

    *   Sense 1: be standing; be upright.
    *   Sense 3: occupy a place or location.
    *   The ringers are people. They are upright. They are in a circle.
    *   Sense 1 is the most fundamental meaning of "stand" for a person.

    *   Sense 1: be standing; be upright.
    *   Sense 3: occupy a place or location.
    *   If the focus is on the *position* (the circle), it could be 3. If the focus is on the *posture* (upright, prize-fighter's stance), it's 1.
    *   The sentence says "stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance". This strongly emphasizes the posture.

    *   Sense 1: be standing; be upright.
    *   Sense 3: occupy a place or location.
    *   Let's think about "The ringers stand in a circle."
    *   If I replace "stand" with "are located", it's Sense 3.
    *   If I replace "stand" with "are upright", it's Sense 1.
    *   "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers are upright in a circle..." (A bit weird)
    *   "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers are located in a circle..." (Possible, but doesn't capture the posture)
    *   Actually, "stand" here means they are on their feet. That is Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: be standing; be upright.
    *   Sense 3: occupy a place or location.
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "occupy a place or location".
    *   Example: "We stand on common ground".
    *   Wait, "stand in a circle" is very similar to "stand in a line".
    *   In many dictionaries, "stand" (to be upright) and "stand" (to be located) are very close.
    *   However, given the "prize-fighter's stance" detail, the physical act of being upright is key.

    *   Sense 1: be standing; be upright.
    *   Sense 3: occupy a place or location.
    *   Let's try to find a similar example for Sense 3. "The building stands on the corner." (Location)
    *   "The man stands in the doorway." (Upright + Location)
    *   In "The man stands in the doorway," is it Sense 1 or 3?
    *   If the focus is that he is not sitting, it's 1. If the focus is where he is, it's 3.
    *   In the context provided, the author is describing the scene: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle... each pulling a rope". This describes their physical arrangement and posture.
    *   Sense 1 seems more appropriate for people being on their feet.

    *   Sense 1: be standing; be upright.
    *   Sense 3: occupy a place or location.
    *   Let's re-read: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance".
    *   The "prize-fighter's stance" is a way of *standing* (being upright).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the most fitting.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "circle" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a <t>circle</t>, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Senses:
1. definition=ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point | examples=he calculated the circumference of the circle
2. definition=an unofficial association of people or groups | synonyms=set, band, lot | examples=the smart set goes there; they were an angry lot
3. definition=something approximating the shape of a circle | examples=the chairs were arranged in a circle
4. definition=movement once around a course | synonyms=lap, circuit | examples=he drove an extra lap just for insurance
5. definition=a road junction at which traffic streams circularly around a central island | synonyms=traffic circle, rotary, roundabout | examples=the accident blocked all traffic at the rotary
6. definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, rope, roofy, roach
7. definition=a curved section or tier of seats in a hall or theater or opera house; usually the first tier above the orchestra | synonyms=dress circle | examples=they had excellent seats in the dress circle
8. definition=any circular or rotating mechanism | synonyms=round | examples=the machine punched out metal circles

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a <t>circle</t>, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance..."
    *   Target word: "circle"
    *   Meaning in context: The ringers are standing in a shape that approximates a circle.

    *   Sense 1: Ellipse with equal axes (mathematical definition).
    *   Sense 2: Unofficial association of people (social group).
    *   Sense 3: Something approximating the shape of a circle (physical arrangement).
    *   Sense 4: Movement once around a course (lap).
    *   Sense 5: Road junction (roundabout).
    *   Sense 6: Slang for flunitrazepam.
    *   Sense 7: Tier of seats in a theater.
    *   Sense 8: Circular or rotating mechanism.

    *   The context describes people standing in a specific physical arrangement ("stand in a circle").
    *   This matches Sense 3: "something approximating the shape of a circle" (Example: "the chairs were arranged in a circle").


[User]
Which numbered sense of "foot" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one <t>foot</t> ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Senses:
1. definition=the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint | synonyms=human foot, pes | examples=his bare feet projected from his trousers; armored from head to foot
2. definition=a linear unit of length equal to 12 inches or a third of a yard | synonyms=ft | examples=he is six feet tall
3. definition=the lower part of anything | examples=curled up on the foot of the bed; the foot of the page
4. definition=the pedal extremity of vertebrates other than human beings | synonyms=animal foot
5. definition=lowest support of a structure | synonyms=foundation, base, fundament, groundwork, substructure, understructure | examples=it was built on a base of solid rock; he stood at the foot of the tower
6. definition=any of various organs of locomotion or attachment in invertebrates | synonyms=invertebrate foot
7. definition=travel by walking | examples=he followed on foot; the swiftest of foot
8. definition=a member of a surveillance team who works on foot or rides as a passenger
9. definition=an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot | synonyms=infantry | examples=there came ten thousand horsemen and as many fully-armed foot
10. definition=(prosody) a group of 2 or 3 syllables forming the basic unit of poetic rhythm | synonyms=metrical foot, metrical unit
11. definition=a support resembling a pedal extremity | examples=one foot of the chair was on the carpet

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one <t>foot</t> ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance..."
    *   Target word: "foot"
    *   Usage: "one foot ahead of the other"

    *   Sense 1: Part of the human leg below the ankle.
    *   Sense 2: Unit of length (12 inches).
    *   Sense 3: Lower part of something (e.g., foot of the bed).
    *   Sense 4: Pedal extremity of non-human vertebrates.
    *   Sense 5: Lowest support of a structure.
    *   Sense 6: Locomotion organ in invertebrates.
    *   Sense 7: Travel by walking.
    *   Sense 8: Surveillance team member.
    *   Sense 9: Army unit (infantry).
    *   Sense 10: Poetic rhythm unit.
    *   Sense 11: Support resembling a pedal extremity (e.g., chair leg).

    *   The phrase "one foot ahead of the other" describes the physical positioning of the ringers' bodies.
    *   Specifically, it refers to the distance or the placement of their feet (the body parts).
    *   Wait, let's look closer: "one foot ahead of the other".
    *   Does it mean "one [unit of measurement] ahead of the other" or "one [body part] ahead of the other"?
    *   "In a prize-fighter's stance" strongly suggests the physical positioning of the feet (body parts). In a boxing stance, you place one foot forward and one foot back.
    *   If it meant the unit of measurement, it would likely be "one foot [distance] ahead of the other [person]". But the phrase "one foot ahead of the other" is a common way to describe a stance (stepping one foot forward).
    *   Actually, let's re-read: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance".
    *   If it were the unit of measurement, it would be "one foot [distance] ahead of the other [person]".
    *   If it were the body part, it would be "one [of their own] foot ahead of the other [of their own foot]".
    *   Let's compare:
        *   "He stood with one foot ahead of the other." (Body part)
        *   "He stood one foot ahead of the other man." (Measurement)
    *   The context says "one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance". A prize-fighter's stance is characterized by the position of the feet (one forward, one back).
    *   Therefore, it refers to the body part.

    *   Sense 1: "the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint". This fits perfectly.

    *   Could it be Sense 2 (unit of length)? "one foot [12 inches] ahead of the other [person]". While grammatically possible, the "prize-fighter's stance" clue makes the body part interpretation much more likely. A stance is about how you place your feet.

    *   The phrase "one foot ahead of the other" in the context of a "prize-fighter's stance" refers to the human body part.

    *   Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "ahead" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot <t>ahead</t> of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Senses:
1. definition=at or in the front | synonyms=in front, before | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy
2. definition=toward the future; forward in time | synonyms=forward | examples=I like to look ahead in imagination to what the future may bring; I look forward to seeing you
3. definition=in a forward direction | synonyms=onward, onwards, forward, forwards, forrader | examples=go ahead; the train moved ahead slowly
4. definition=ahead of time; in anticipation | synonyms=in advance, beforehand | examples=when you pay ahead (or in advance) you receive a discount; We like to plan ahead
5. definition=to a more advanced or advantageous position | examples=a young man sure to get ahead; pushing talented students ahead
6. definition=to a different or a more advanced time (meaning advanced either toward the present or toward the future) | examples=moved the appointment ahead from Tuesday to Monday; pushed the deadline ahead from Tuesday to Wednesday
7. definition=leading or ahead in a competition | synonyms=out front, in the lead | examples=the horse was three lengths ahead going into the home stretch; ahead by two pawns

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot <t>ahead</t> of the other in a prize-fighter's stance..."
    *   Target word: "ahead"
    *   Meaning in context: The physical position of one foot relative to the other (one foot in front of the other).

    *   Sense 1: "at or in the front | synonyms=in front, before | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy" (Physical position/location).
    *   Sense 2: "toward the future; forward in time" (Temporal).
    *   Sense 3: "in a forward direction" (Movement).
    *   Sense 4: "ahead of time; in anticipation" (Temporal/Planning).
    *   Sense 5: "to a more advanced or advantageous position" (Success/Progress).
    *   Sense 6: "to a different or a more advanced time" (Scheduling).
    *   Sense 7: "leading or ahead in a competition" (Competition).

    *   The phrase "one foot ahead of the other" describes a physical arrangement where one foot is positioned in front of the other.
    *   This matches Sense 1: "at or in the front | synonyms=in front, before".

    *   Sense 1 is the only one that fits the physical spatial arrangement described.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "stance" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's <t>stance</t>, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Senses:
1. definition=standing posture
2. definition=a rationalized mental attitude | synonyms=position, posture

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's <t>stance</t>..."
    *   Target word: "stance"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  standing posture
        2.  a rationalized mental attitude | synonyms=position, posture

    *   The sentence describes people standing in a circle.
    *   It specifies the physical position: "one foot ahead of the other".
    *   It compares it to a "prize-fighter's stance" (which is a physical way of standing to maintain balance and readiness).

    *   Sense 1: "standing posture" - This fits perfectly. The text describes how the ringers are physically standing.
    *   Sense 2: "a rationalized mental attitude" - This does not fit. The text is not talking about an opinion, belief, or mental position.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "pull" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each <t>pulling</t> a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Senses:
1. definition=cause to move by pulling | synonyms=draw, force | examples=draw a wagon; pull a sled
2. definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | synonyms=attract, pull in, draw, draw in | examples=Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers
3. definition=move into a certain direction | examples=the car pulls to the right
4. definition=apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion | examples=Pull the rope; Pull the handle towards you
5. definition=perform an act, usually with a negative connotation | synonyms=perpetrate, commit | examples=perpetrate a crime; pull a bank robbery
6. definition=bring, take, or pull out of a container or from under a cover | synonyms=draw, pull out, get out, take out | examples=draw a weapon; pull out a gun
7. definition=steer into a certain direction | examples=pull one's horse to a stand; Pull the car over
8. definition=strain abnormally | synonyms=overstretch | examples=I pulled a muscle in my leg when I jumped up; The athlete pulled a tendon in the competition
9. definition=cause to move in a certain direction by exerting a force upon, either physically or in an abstract sense | synonyms=draw | examples=A declining dollar pulled down the export figures for the last quarter
10. definition=operate when rowing a boat | examples=pull the oars
11. definition=rein in to keep from winning a race | examples=pull a horse
12. definition=tear or be torn violently | synonyms=rend, rip, rive | examples=The curtain ripped from top to bottom; pull the cooked chicken into strips
13. definition=hit in the direction that the player is facing when carrying through the swing | examples=pull the ball
14. definition=strip of feathers | synonyms=pluck, tear, deplume, deplumate, displume | examples=pull a chicken; pluck the capon
15. definition=remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense | synonyms=extract, pull out, pull up, take out, draw out | examples=pull weeds; extract a bad tooth
16. definition=take sides with; align oneself with; show strong sympathy for | synonyms=root for | examples=We all rooted for the home team; I'm pulling for the underdog
17. definition=take away | examples=pull the old soup cans from the supermarket shelf

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...each <t>pulling</t> a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber."
    *   Action: Ringers are pulling ropes to ring bells.
    *   Object: A rope.
    *   Action type: Physical exertion to move something (the rope/bell) towards the person.

    *   1: cause to move by pulling (draw a wagon, pull a sled) - *Similar, but usually implies moving an object across a surface.*
    *   2: attract (psychological/physical power) - *Incorrect.*
    *   3: move into a certain direction (car pulls to the right) - *Incorrect.*
    *   4: apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion (Pull the rope; Pull the handle towards you) - *Very close. This describes the physical act of pulling a rope.*
    *   5: perform an act (pull a robbery) - *Incorrect.*
    *   6: bring/take out of a container (pull out a gun) - *Incorrect.*
    *   7: steer (pull the car over) - *Incorrect.*
    *   8: strain abnormally (pull a muscle) - *Incorrect.*
    *   9: cause to move in a certain direction (declining dollar pulled down figures) - *Incorrect.*
    *   10: operate when rowing a boat (pull the oars) - *Specific to rowing.*
    *   11: rein in (pull a horse) - *Incorrect.*
    *   12: tear violently (pull chicken into strips) - *Incorrect.*
    *   13: hit in the direction (pull the ball) - *Incorrect.*
    *   14: strip of feathers (pull a chicken) - *Incorrect.*
    *   15: remove (pull weeds, extract tooth) - *Incorrect.*
    *   16: take sides with (pulling for the underdog) - *Incorrect.*
    *   17: take away (pull cans from shelf) - *Incorrect.*

    *   Sense 1: "cause to move by pulling" (draw a wagon).
    *   Sense 4: "apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion" (Pull the rope).

    The context says "pulling a rope". Sense 4 explicitly uses "Pull the rope" as an example and describes the physical action of applying force to move something toward the source.

Sense 4 is the most accurate fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "rope" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a <t>rope</t> that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Senses:
1. definition=a strong line
2. definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, roofy, roach, forget me drug

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A description of bell ringing in a church. "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle... each pulling a <t>rope</t> that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling..."
    *   Target word: "rope"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  a strong line
        2.  street names for flunitrazepan (drug)

    *   The context describes people pulling something to ring bells.
    *   This "rope" is a physical object used for pulling.
    *   Sense 1 ("a strong line") fits this description perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 ("street names for flunitrazepan") is completely irrelevant to bell ringing.

    *   The correct sense is 1.