[User]
Which numbered sense of "expect" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would <t>expect</t> if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory?

Senses:
1. definition=regard something as probable or likely | synonyms=anticipate | examples=The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow
2. definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, require | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
3. definition=look forward to the probable occurrence of | synonyms=look, await, wait | examples=We were expecting a visit from our relatives; She is looking to a promotion
4. definition=consider reasonable or due | examples=I'm expecting a full explanation as to why these files were destroyed
5. definition=look forward to the birth of a child | examples=She is expecting in March
6. definition=be pregnant with | synonyms=have a bun in the oven, bear, carry, gestate | examples=She is bearing his child; The are expecting another child in January

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...this is precisely the pattern one would <t>expect</t> if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Democratic counterparts."
    *   Target word: "expect"

    *   Sense 1: regard something as probable or likely (anticipate). Example: "expecting rain".
    *   Sense 2: consider obligatory; request and expect (require). Example: "require our secretary to be on time".
    *   Sense 3: look forward to the probable occurrence of (await). Example: "expecting a visit".
    *   Sense 4: consider reasonable or due. Example: "expecting a full explanation".
    *   Sense 5: look forward to the birth of a child.
    *   Sense 6: be pregnant with.

    *   The sentence says: "...this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking..."
    *   In this context, "expect" means that based on the theory/logic provided, this specific pattern is the *probable* or *likely* outcome.
    *   It's a logical prediction.

    *   Sense 1 (regard as probable or likely) fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 (obligatory) does not fit.
    *   Sense 3 (look forward to/await) implies a temporal waiting for an event, whereas this is a logical deduction.
    *   Sense 4 (reasonable or due) implies a demand or entitlement.
    *   Senses 5 and 6 (pregnancy) are irrelevant.

    *   The word "expect" here means "predict as likely based on the evidence/theory". This aligns with Sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "republican" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if <t>Republicans</t> are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory?

Senses:
1. definition=a member of the Republican Party
2. definition=an advocate of a republic (usually in opposition to a monarchy)
3. definition=a tributary of the Kansas River that flows from eastern Colorado eastward through Nebraska and Kansas | synonyms=Republican River

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing political candidates, the Republican Party, Democratic opponents, congressional salary, ticket splitting in the South, and Senate vs. House races.
    *   Target word: "Republicans" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Sentence: "...this is precisely the pattern one would expect if <t>Republicans</t> are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts."

    *   Sense 1: "a member of the Republican Party" (Political party member).
    *   Sense 2: "an advocate of a republic (usually in opposition to a monarchy)" (Political philosophy/ideology).
    *   Sense 3: "a tributary of the Kansas River..." (Geographic feature).

    *   The text mentions "Republican Party", "Democratic opponent", "Democratic legislators", and "Democratic counterparts".
    *   It discusses elections, congressional candidates, and Senate/House races.
    *   The word "Republicans" refers to the people belonging to the Republican Party in the US political system.

    *   Sense 1 matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 is about the general concept of republicanism (anti-monarchy), which is not the focus here.
    *   Sense 3 is a river, which is irrelevant.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "willing" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less <t>willing</t> to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory?

Senses:
1. definition=disposed or inclined toward | examples=a willing participant; willing helpers
2. definition=not brought about by coercion or force | synonyms=uncoerced, unforced | examples=the confession was uncoerced

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less <t>willing</t> to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Democratic counterparts."
    *   Target word: "willing"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  disposed or inclined toward (e.g., a willing participant)
        2.  not brought about by coercion or force (e.g., the confession was uncoerced)

    *   The sentence discusses whether Republicans are "less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking."
    *   This means they are less *inclined* or less *disposed* to do it.
    *   It does not refer to whether their actions were coerced or uncoerced.

    *   Sense 1: "disposed or inclined toward" matches the context perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "not brought about by coercion or force" does not fit.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "engage" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to <t>engage</t> in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory?

Senses:
1. definition=carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in | synonyms=prosecute, pursue | examples=She pursued many activities; They engaged in a discussion
2. definition=consume all of one's attention or time | synonyms=absorb, engross, occupy | examples=Her interest in butterflies absorbs her completely
3. definition=engage or hire for work | synonyms=hire, employ | examples=They hired two new secretaries in the department; How many people has she employed?
4. definition=ask to represent; of legal counsel | examples=I'm retaining a lawyer
5. definition=give to in marriage | synonyms=betroth, affiance, plight
6. definition=get caught | examples=make sure the gear is engaged
7. definition=carry on (wars, battles, or campaigns) | synonyms=wage | examples=Napoleon and Hitler waged war against all of Europe
8. definition=hire for work or assistance | synonyms=enlist | examples=engage aid, help, services, or support
9. definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, take | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
10. definition=keep engaged | synonyms=mesh, lock, operate | examples=engaged the gears

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to <t>engage</t> in local benefit-seeking than their Democratic counterparts."
    *   Target word: "engage"
    *   Usage: "engage in local benefit-seeking"

    *   Sense 1: carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in (e.g., "engaged in a discussion").
    *   Sense 2: consume all of one's attention or time (e.g., "absorbs her completely").
    *   Sense 3: engage or hire for work (e.g., "hired two new secretaries").
    *   Sense 4: ask to represent; of legal counsel (e.g., "retaining a lawyer").
    *   Sense 5: give to in marriage (e.g., "betroth").
    *   Sense 6: get caught (e.g., "gear is engaged").
    *   Sense 7: carry on (wars, battles, or campaigns) (e.g., "waged war").
    *   Sense 8: hire for work or assistance (e.g., "engage aid").
    *   Sense 9: engage for service under a term of contract (e.g., "rent a car").
    *   Sense 10: keep engaged (e.g., "mesh, lock, operate").

    *   The phrase is "engage in local benefit-seeking".
    *   "Local benefit-seeking" is an activity (specifically, a political behavior).
    *   "Engage in [activity]" means to participate in or carry out that activity.
    *   This matches Sense 1: "carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in".

    *   Sense 7 (wage war) is too specific to conflict.
    *   Senses 3, 4, 8, 9 are about hiring/employment.
    *   Senses 2, 5, 6, 10 are completely unrelated.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "local" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in <t>local</t> benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory?

Senses:
1. definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing congressional candidates, the "prisoner's dilemma game," ticket splitting in the South, and the difference between Senate and House races.
    *   Target word: `<t>local</t>` in the phrase "local benefit-seeking".
    *   Specific sentence: "Since local benefit-seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in <t>local</t> benefit-seeking than their Democratic counterparts."

    *   Sense 1: "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area" (e.g., local taxes, local authorities).
    *   Sense 2: "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood" (e.g., local customs, local schools).
    *   Sense 3: "affecting only a restricted part or area of the body" (e.g., local anesthesia).

    *   The text discusses "local benefit-seeking" in the context of congressional representatives (House vs. Senate).
    *   In political science, "local benefit-seeking" (often called "pork barrel politics") refers to securing funds or projects for the specific district or state the representative serves, as opposed to national policy.
    *   This relates to the administration/benefit of a specific district/area rather than the nation as a whole.

    *   Sense 3 (medical) is clearly wrong.
    *   Sense 2 (characteristic of a locality/neighborhood) is more about culture or identity (customs, schools).
    *   Sense 1 (administration of a city, town, or district rather than a larger area) fits best because it contrasts "local" (district-level administration/benefits) with "national policy making."

    *   The context contrasts "local benefit-seeking" with "national policy making."
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area." This aligns perfectly with the distinction between a congressional district (local) and the national government (larger area).


[User]
Which numbered sense of "democratic" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their <t>Democratic</t> counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory?

Senses:
1. definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing congressional candidates, the Republican Party, Democratic legislators, and the House/Senate.
    *   Target word: "Democratic" (in the phrase "their <t>Democratic</t> counterparts").
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Principles of democracy/social equality.
        2.  Relating to the Democratic Party.
        3.  Representing/appealing to the people at large (popular).

    *   The text mentions "Republican candidates", "Republican Party", "Democratic legislators from the South", and "Republicans generally have fared better".
    *   The specific phrase is "their <t>Democratic</t> counterparts", referring back to "Republicans".
    *   In the context of US politics (Republicans vs. Democrats), "Democratic" here refers to the political party.

    *   Sense 1: General democracy/equality. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Relating to the Democratic Party. (Correct)
    *   Sense 3: Popular/for the people. (Incorrect)

The correct sense is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "counterpart" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic <t>counterparts</t>. Is there any empirical support for this theory?

Senses:
1. definition=a person or thing having the same function or characteristics as another | synonyms=opposite number, vis-a-vis
2. definition=a duplicate copy | synonyms=similitude, twin

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Democratic <t>counterparts</t>."
    *   Target word: "counterparts"
    *   Comparison: Republicans vs. Democratic counterparts.

    *   Sense 1: "a person or thing having the same function or characteristics as another" (synonyms: opposite number, vis-a-vis).
    *   Sense 2: "a duplicate copy" (synonyms: similitude, twin).

    *   The text compares Republican candidates/legislators with Democratic candidates/legislators.
    *   Democratic legislators perform the same function (legislating, seeking benefits for constituencies) as Republican legislators, but they belong to a different party.
    *   They are "opposite numbers" in the political structure.
    *   They are not "duplicate copies" (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "empirical" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any <t>empirical</t> support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues.

Senses:
1. definition=derived from experiment and observation rather than theory | synonyms=empiric | examples=an empirical basis for an ethical theory; empirical laws
2. definition=relying on medical quackery | synonyms=empiric | examples=empiric treatment

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing a political theory about Republican and Democratic candidates, congressional behavior, and local benefit-seeking. It ends with the question: "Is there any <t>empirical</t> support for this theory?" followed by "Three pieces of evidence corroborate..."
    *   Target word: "empirical"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Derived from experiment and observation rather than theory (synonym: empiric).
        2.  Relying on medical quackery (synonym: empiric).

    *   The text asks if there is "empirical support" for a theory.
    *   It then mentions "Three pieces of evidence corroborate..."
    *   In this context, "empirical support" refers to evidence based on observation, data, or experience (the opposite of purely theoretical reasoning).

    *   Sense 1: "derived from experiment and observation rather than theory". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "relying on medical quackery". This is completely irrelevant to political science and congressional candidates.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "support" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical <t>support</t> for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues.

Senses:
1. definition=the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities | examples=his support kept the family together; they gave him emotional support during difficult times
2. definition=aiding the cause or policy or interests of | examples=the president no longer has the support of his own party; they developed a scheme of mutual support
3. definition=something providing immaterial assistance to a person or cause or interest | examples=the policy found little public support; his faith was all the support he needed
4. definition=a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission | synonyms=reinforcement, reenforcement | examples=they called for artillery support
5. definition=documentary validation | synonyms=documentation | examples=his documentation of the results was excellent; the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones
6. definition=the financial means whereby one lives | synonyms=keep, livelihood, living, bread and butter, sustenance | examples=each child was expected to pay for their keep; he applied to the state for support
7. definition=supporting structure that holds up or provides a foundation | examples=the statue stood on a marble support
8. definition=the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening | synonyms=supporting | examples=he leaned against the wall for support
9. definition=a musical part (vocal or instrumental) that supports or provides background for other musical parts | synonyms=accompaniment, musical accompaniment, backup
10. definition=any device that bears the weight of another thing | examples=there was no place to attach supports for a shelf
11. definition=financial resources provided to make some project possible | synonyms=financial support, funding, backing, financial backing | examples=the foundation provided support for the experiment

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Is there any empirical <t>support</t> for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption..."
    *   Target word: "support"
    *   Key phrase: "empirical support for this theory"
    *   Clue: The following sentence says "Three pieces of evidence corroborate...", which strongly suggests that "support" here means evidence or validation.

    *   Sense 1: Providing money or necessities (financial/emotional). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Aiding a cause/policy/interest (political/social support). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Immaterial assistance to a person/cause. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Military operation. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Documentary validation / documentation. Example: "the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones". (Matches well: "empirical support for this theory" $\approx$ "documentary validation for this theory")
    *   Sense 6: Financial means/livelihood. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Supporting structure (physical). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: Act of bearing weight. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 9: Musical part. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 10: Device that bears weight. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 11: Financial resources for a project. (Incorrect)

    *   The context asks for "empirical support" for a theory.
    *   The next sentence provides "evidence" that "corroborates" the theory.
    *   Sense 5 defines support as "documentary validation" and gives the example "the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones".
    *   This aligns perfectly with "empirical support for this theory".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "piece" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three <t>pieces</t> of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Senses:
1. definition=a separate part of a whole | examples=an important piece of the evidence
2. definition=an item that is an instance of some type | examples=he designed a new piece of equipment; she bought a lovely piece of china
3. definition=a portion of a natural object | synonyms=part | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite
4. definition=a musical work that has been created | synonyms=musical composition, opus, composition, piece of music | examples=the composition is written in four movements
5. definition=an instance of some kind | synonyms=bit | examples=it was a nice piece of work; he had a bit of good luck
6. definition=an artistic or literary composition | examples=he wrote an interesting piece on Iran; the children acted out a comic piece to amuse the guests
7. definition=a portable gun | synonyms=firearm, small-arm | examples=he wore his firearm in a shoulder holster
8. definition=a serving that has been cut from a larger portion | synonyms=slice | examples=a piece of pie; a slice of bread
9. definition=a distance | examples=it is down the road a piece
10. definition=a work of art of some artistic value | synonyms=objet d'art, art object | examples=this store sells only objets d'art; it is not known who created this piece
11. definition=a period of indeterminate length (usually short) marked by some action or condition | synonyms=while, spell, patch | examples=he was here for a little while; I need to rest for a piece
12. definition=a share of something | synonyms=slice | examples=a slice of the company's revenue
13. definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | synonyms=man | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board; he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Three <t>pieces</t> of evidence corroborate the key assumption..."
    *   Target word: "pieces"
    *   Usage: "pieces of evidence"

    *   Sense 1: a separate part of a whole | examples=an important piece of the evidence
    *   Sense 2: an item that is an instance of some type | examples=he designed a new piece of equipment; she bought a lovely piece of china
    *   Sense 3: a portion of a natural object | synonyms=part | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite
    *   Sense 4: a musical work...
    *   Sense 5: an instance of some kind | synonyms=bit | examples=it was a nice piece of work; he had a bit of good luck
    *   Sense 6: an artistic or literary composition...
    *   Sense 7: a portable gun...
    *   Sense 8: a serving that has been cut from a larger portion...
    *   Sense 9: a distance...
    *   Sense 10: a work of art...
    *   Sense 11: a period of indeterminate length...
    *   Sense 12: a share of something...
    *   Sense 13: game equipment...

    *   The phrase is "Three pieces of evidence".
    *   Sense 1 explicitly lists "an important piece of the evidence" as an example.
    *   Sense 2 refers to items of a type (equipment, china).
    *   Sense 5 refers to an instance of some kind (piece of work, bit of luck).

    *   Sense 1: "a separate part of a whole" (Example: "an important piece of the evidence"). This matches perfectly.

    *   Is "evidence" a "whole" that is being divided into "separate parts"? Yes, in the sense that a body of evidence consists of individual pieces.
    *   Does Sense 1 fit better than Sense 2 or 5? Yes, because the example provided in Sense 1 is exactly the same usage ("piece of the evidence").


[User]
Which numbered sense of "evidence" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of <t>evidence</t> corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Senses:
1. definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing a theory about ticket splitting, Democratic vs. Republican legislators, and local benefit-seeking. The specific sentence is: "Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of <t>evidence</t> corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Republican colleagues."
    *   Target word: "evidence"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief (synonym: grounds).
        2.  An indication that makes something evident.
        3.  (Law) Means by which a matter of fact is established at a judicial trial.

    *   The author asks if there is "empirical support" for a theory.
    *   The author then presents "three pieces of evidence" to "corroborate the key assumption."
    *   The evidence provided is a finding by economists (James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo) regarding staff budgets.
    *   This is data/knowledge used to support a belief or theory.

    *   Sense 3 (Law) is clearly incorrect; this is not a judicial trial.
    *   Sense 2 (Indication) usually refers to a sign or symptom (e.g., "trembling was evidence of fear"). While the budget data *indicates* something, the context is about building a case for a theory using empirical data.
    *   Sense 1 (Basis for belief/knowledge) fits best. The "three pieces of evidence" are the grounds/knowledge used to support the belief that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking.

    *   "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption..."
    *   This aligns perfectly with "your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "assumption" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key <t>assumption</t> that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Senses:
1. definition=a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn | synonyms=premise, premiss | examples=on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play
2. definition=a hypothesis that is taken for granted | synonyms=supposition, supposal | examples=any society is built upon certain assumptions
3. definition=the act of taking possession of or power over something | synonyms=laying claim | examples=his assumption of office coincided with the trouble in Cuba; the Nazi assumption of power in 1934
4. definition=celebration in the Roman Catholic Church of the Virgin Mary's being taken up into heaven when her earthly life ended; corresponds to the Dormition in the Eastern Orthodox Church | synonyms=Assumption of Mary, August 15
5. definition=(Christianity) the taking up of the body and soul of the Virgin Mary when her earthly life had ended
6. definition=audacious (even arrogant) behavior that you have no right to | synonyms=presumption, presumptuousness, effrontery | examples=he despised them for their presumptuousness
7. definition=the act of assuming or taking for granted | examples=your assumption that I would agree was unwarranted

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key <t>assumption</t> that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues."
    *   The word "assumption" refers to a specific claim/proposition ("that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Republican colleagues") that serves as a basis for the theory mentioned earlier in the text.
    *   The text says evidence "corroborates" this assumption.

    *   Sense 1: "a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn" (premise, premiss).
    *   Sense 2: "a hypothesis that is taken for granted" (supposition, supposal).
    *   Sense 3: "the act of taking possession of or power over something" (laying claim).
    *   Sense 4: "celebration in the Roman Catholic Church..." (religious holiday).
    *   Sense 5: "(Christianity) the taking up of the body and soul of the Virgin Mary..." (religious event).
    *   Sense 6: "audacious (even arrogant) behavior..." (presumption).
    *   Sense 7: "the act of assuming or taking for granted" (the process/act).

    *   The "assumption" here is the specific statement: "Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Republican colleagues."
    *   This statement is the foundation (premise) upon which the theory's predictions (about ticket splitting and Senate vs. House races) are built.
    *   Sense 1 describes a "statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn." This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 describes a "hypothesis that is taken for granted." This is very close.
    *   Sense 7 describes the "act of assuming." The text isn't talking about the *act* of assuming, but the *content* of what was assumed.

    *   Sense 1: "a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn" (Premise).
    *   Sense 2: "a hypothesis that is taken for granted" (Supposition).
    *   In academic/theoretical writing, a "key assumption" is typically a premise (Sense 1). The theory draws conclusions based on this specific statement.

    *   The text says: "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that [Statement X]."
    *   Statement X is the premise of the theory.
    *   Sense 1: "a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn".
    *   Sense 2: "a hypothesis that is taken for granted".
    *   While 1 and 2 are similar, "premise" (Sense 1) is the standard term for a foundational statement in a theoretical argument.

    *   Sense 1: "on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play" (If A, then B).
    *   Context: "the theory suggests... this is precisely the pattern one would expect if [Assumption X]". (If Assumption X, then Pattern Y).
    *   This matches the structure of Sense 1 perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "democratic" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that <t>Democratic</t> legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Senses:
1. definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing ticket splitting in the South, Democratic legislators, power in Congress, local benefits, and a comparison between Democratic and Republican legislators.
    *   Target word: "Democratic" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Specific sentence: "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that <t>Democratic</t> legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues."

    *   Sense 1: Characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality (e.g., democratic government).
    *   Sense 2: Belong to or relating to the Democratic Party (e.g., Democratic senator).
    *   Sense 3: Representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large (e.g., democratic art forms).

    *   The text mentions "Democratic legislators," "Republicans," "GOP senators," and "Democratic counterparts."
    *   It is clearly discussing political parties in the United States (Democrats vs. Republicans).
    *   Therefore, "Democratic" refers to the Democratic Party.

    *   Sense 2 matches "belong to or relating to the Democratic Party."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "willing" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more <t>willing</t> to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Senses:
1. definition=disposed or inclined toward | examples=a willing participant; willing helpers
2. definition=not brought about by coercion or force | synonyms=uncoerced, unforced | examples=the confession was uncoerced

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Democratic counterparts... Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more <t>willing</t> to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Republican colleagues."
    *   Target word: "willing"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  disposed or inclined toward (e.g., a willing participant)
        2.  not brought about by coercion or force (e.g., uncoerced confession)

    *   The text discusses whether Republicans or Democrats are more "willing" to engage in "local benefit-seeking" (pork-barrel politics).
    *   It compares the *inclination* or *disposition* of one group versus another to perform a certain action.
    *   It is not discussing whether the action was forced or unforced (coercion).

    *   Sense 1: "disposed or inclined toward" fits perfectly. The text is about the inclination of legislators to seek local benefits.
    *   Sense 2: "not brought about by coercion or force" does not fit. The context isn't about whether they were forced to seek benefits or not, but rather their tendency to do so.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "engage" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to <t>engage</t> in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Senses:
1. definition=carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in | synonyms=prosecute, pursue | examples=She pursued many activities; They engaged in a discussion
2. definition=consume all of one's attention or time | synonyms=absorb, engross, occupy | examples=Her interest in butterflies absorbs her completely
3. definition=engage or hire for work | synonyms=hire, employ | examples=They hired two new secretaries in the department; How many people has she employed?
4. definition=ask to represent; of legal counsel | examples=I'm retaining a lawyer
5. definition=give to in marriage | synonyms=betroth, affiance, plight
6. definition=get caught | examples=make sure the gear is engaged
7. definition=carry on (wars, battles, or campaigns) | synonyms=wage | examples=Napoleon and Hitler waged war against all of Europe
8. definition=hire for work or assistance | synonyms=enlist | examples=engage aid, help, services, or support
9. definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, take | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
10. definition=keep engaged | synonyms=mesh, lock, operate | examples=engaged the gears

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Democratic counterparts." and "...Democratic legislators are more willing to <t>engage</t> in local benefit-seeking than their Republican colleagues."
    *   Target word: "engage" (used as "engage in local benefit-seeking").

    *   Sense 1: carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in (synonyms: prosecute, pursue). Example: "They engaged in a discussion."
    *   Sense 2: consume all of one's attention or time (synonyms: absorb, engross, occupy).
    *   Sense 3: engage or hire for work (synonyms: hire, employ).
    *   Sense 4: ask to represent; of legal counsel.
    *   Sense 5: give to in marriage.
    *   Sense 6: get caught (e.g., gears).
    *   Sense 7: carry on (wars, battles, or campaigns) (synonym: wage).
    *   Sense 8: hire for work or assistance (synonym: enlist).
    *   Sense 9: engage for service under a term of contract (synonyms: lease, rent, hire).
    *   Sense 10: keep engaged (synonyms: mesh, lock, operate).

    *   The phrase is "engage in local benefit-seeking".
    *   "Local benefit-seeking" is an activity (specifically, a political behavior).
    *   The context describes legislators participating in or carrying out this activity.
    *   This matches Sense 1: "carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in".

    *   Sense 7 (wage war) is too specific to conflict.
    *   Senses 3, 8, 9 are about hiring/employment.
    *   Senses 6, 10 are about mechanical engagement.
    *   Senses 2, 4, 5 are completely unrelated.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "local" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in <t>local</t> benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing "ticket splitting" in the South, Democratic vs. Republican legislators, and "local benefit-seeking" (bringing benefits to their respective constituencies).
    *   Target word: "local" (in the phrase "local benefit-seeking").
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Relating to the administration of a city, town, or district rather than a larger area (e.g., local taxes, local authorities).
        2.  Of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood (e.g., local customs, local schools).
        3.  Affecting only a restricted part or area of the body (e.g., local anesthesia).

    *   The text mentions "local benefits for their respective constituencies" and "local benefit-seeking."
    *   In the context of US politics (Congress, House, Senate), "local benefits" (often called "pork barrel spending") refers to funds or projects directed toward a specific district or state (the legislator's constituency) rather than the nation as a whole.
    *   This relates to the administration/allocation of resources to a specific district/area rather than a larger area (the national level).

    *   Sense 1: "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area". This fits perfectly. The "district" (constituency) is the smaller area, and the "larger area" is the national level (Congress).
    *   Sense 2: "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood". This is more about culture, characteristics, or specific physical locations (like a school). While "local" in "local benefit" refers to a locality, the *nature* of the benefit is administrative/political (funding, projects), which aligns better with Sense 1.
    *   Sense 3: "affecting only a restricted part or area of the body". Completely irrelevant.

    *   The context is about political representation and the distribution of resources to specific districts/constituencies.
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "administration of a... district rather than a larger area."
    *   Sense 2 is more about characteristics/belonging.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the most accurate.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "republican" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their <t>Republican</t> colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing ticket splitting in the South, Democratic vs. Republican legislators in Congress, Senate vs. House races, and local benefit-seeking behavior.
    *   Target word: "Republican" (marked as `<t>Republican</t>`).
    *   Sentence: "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their <t>Republican</t> colleagues."

    *   Sense 1: "relating to or belonging to the Republican Party" (e.g., a Republican senator).
    *   Sense 2: "having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government" (e.g., a republican form of government).

    *   The context mentions "Democratic legislators," "Senate races," "campaigns for the House," "GOP senators," and "Democratic counterparts."
    *   The word "Republican" is used to describe "colleagues" of "Democratic legislators."
    *   This clearly refers to members of the Republican Party (GOP).

    *   Sense 1 matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 refers to the political philosophy/system of a republic, which is not the case here.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "colleague" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican <t>colleagues</t>. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Senses:
1. definition=an associate that one works with | synonyms=co-worker, fellow worker, workfellow
2. definition=a person who is member of one's class or profession | synonyms=confrere, fellow | examples=the surgeon consulted his colleagues; he sent e-mail to his fellow hackers

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing political behavior (ticket splitting, Democratic vs. Republican legislators in Congress).
    *   Target word: "colleagues" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Sentence: "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican <t>colleagues</t>."
    *   Senses:
        1.  An associate that one works with (co-worker, fellow worker).
        2.  A person who is a member of one's class or profession (confrere, fellow).

    *   The text compares "Democratic legislators" with "Republican colleagues".
    *   Both are members of the same profession/class (legislators/members of Congress).
    *   While they work in the same institution (Congress), the comparison is between two groups within a profession/class (Democrats vs. Republicans).

    *   Sense 1 (co-worker) usually implies working together on a specific team or for the same employer in a more immediate sense.
    *   Sense 2 (member of one's class or profession) is broader and fits the description of people in the same professional role (legislators) even if they are from opposing political parties.

    *   In political science and formal writing, members of the same legislative body are often referred to as "colleagues" because they share the same profession/status, regardless of party.
    *   Example: "The senator spoke to his colleagues across the aisle." This refers to people in the same profession/class.

    *   Sense 1: "an associate that one works with"
    *   Sense 2: "a person who is member of one's class or profession"
    *   Democratic legislators and Republican legislators are members of the same profession (legislators).

    *   Is it Sense 1? They do work in the same place (Congress).
    *   Is it Sense 2? They are definitely members of the same profession.
    *   Usually, when comparing groups within a profession (like doctors, lawyers, or legislators), Sense 2 is the more precise fit. Sense 1 is more about the immediate workplace relationship.

    *   "Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues."
    *   This is comparing two groups of people who hold the same job/title. This aligns perfectly with "member of one's class or profession".

    *   Sense 1: co-worker.
    *   Sense 2: member of one's class or profession.
    *   Legislators are members of the same profession.

    *Self-Correction/Refinement:* In many contexts, these two senses overlap significantly. However, "colleagues" in a professional/political sense (like members of Parliament or Congress) almost always falls under the "member of one's profession" category.

    *Let's look at the examples for Sense 2:* "the surgeon consulted his colleagues". Surgeons are professionals. Legislators are professionals.

    *Let's look at Sense 1:* "co-worker". This is more common in a corporate or office setting.

    The context is about legislators. Sense 2 is the best fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "first" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. <t>First</t>, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Senses:
1. definition=before anything else | synonyms=firstly, foremost, first of all, first off | examples=first we must consider the garter snake
2. definition=the initial time | synonyms=for the first time | examples=when Felix first saw a garter snake
3. definition=before another in time, space, or importance | examples=I was here first; let's do this job first
4. definition=prominently forward | synonyms=foremost | examples=he put his best foot foremost

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing Democratic vs. Republican legislators' approach to local benefit-seeking. The word "First" introduces the first piece of evidence among three mentioned.
    *   Sentence: "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption... <t>First</t>, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find..."
    *   Senses of "first":
        1.  `before anything else` (firstly, foremost, first of all) - used to list points.
        2.  `the initial time` (for the first time).
        3.  `before another in time, space, or importance`.
        4.  `prominently forward` (foremost).

    *   The text says "Three pieces of evidence corroborate... First, [Evidence 1]...".
    *   This is a classic list-starting adverb. It means "firstly" or "the first point is".

    *   Sense 1: "before anything else | synonyms=firstly, foremost, first of all, first off". This matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "the initial time". Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 3: "before another in time, space, or importance". While it is the first in a sequence, Sense 1 specifically covers the "firstly" usage for listing arguments/points.
    *   Sense 4: "prominently forward". Not applicable.

    *   The word "First" is used as a discourse marker to introduce the first item in a list of three pieces of evidence. This aligns with Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "find" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo <t>find</t> that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Senses:
1. definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo <t>find</t> that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do."
    *   Target word: "find"

    *   Sense 1: Come upon by accident (e.g., "find this idea in Plato").
    *   Sense 2: Discover/determine existence/presence (e.g., "found traces of lead").
    *   Sense 3: Find location of something lost (e.g., "find your glasses").
    *   Sense 4: Establish after calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (e.g., "find the product of two numbers", "physicist who found the elusive particle").
    *   Sense 5: Believe based on emotion/intuition (e.g., "find him to be obnoxious").
    *   Sense 6: Perceive or be contemporaneous with (e.g., "found Republicans winning").
    *   Sense 7: Get something for a specific purpose (e.g., "found this gadget").
    *   Sense 8: Make a discovery/new finding (e.g., "discovered X-rays").
    *   Sense 9: Make a discovery (e.g., "found that he had lied").
    *   Sense 10: Obtain through effort (e.g., "found the time").
    *   Sense 11: Decide/declare (e.g., "find someone guilty").
    *   Sense 12: Receive treatment (e.g., "find expression").
    *   Sense 13: Perceive oneself in a condition (e.g., "found myself in a difficult situation").
    *   Sense 14: Recover use of (e.g., "found her voice").
    *   Sense 15: Reach/arrive at (e.g., "found its mark").
    *   Sense 16: Find oneself (personality/abilities).

    *   The context involves economists (James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo) who have likely conducted a study or analysis of budget data.
    *   They "find" that GOP senators turn back more of their budgets.
    *   This is a result of an investigation or study.

    *   Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 8/9: "make a discovery". While similar, Sense 4 specifically mentions "investigation, experiment, survey, or study," which is exactly what economists do.
    *   Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of". This is close, but Sense 4 is more specific to the academic/research context.

    *   Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize"
    *   The economists' finding is a result of analyzing data (calculation/investigation/study).

    *   Sense 9: "make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover"
    *   Sense 4 is more precise for academic research results.

    *   The economists analyzed budget data (investigation/study) and established a fact (GOP senators turn back more budget). This aligns best with Sense 4.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "personal" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated <t>personal</t> staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Senses:
1. definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. definition=particular to a given individual
3. definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated <t>personal</t> staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit-seeking..."
    *   Target word: "personal" (modifying "staff budgets" and "staff").
    *   Meaning in context: In the US Congress, "personal staff" refers to the staff members hired directly by an individual member of Congress for their own office, as opposed to committee staff or leadership staff. It's staff *particular to that individual* member.

    *   Sense 1: concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality (e.g., personal favor, personal use).
    *   Sense 2: particular to a given individual.
    *   Sense 3: of or arising from personality (e.g., personal magnetism).
    *   Sense 4: intimately concerning a person's body or physical being (e.g., personal hygiene).
    *   Sense 5: indicating grammatical person (e.g., personal verb endings).

    *   Sense 1 (private life/personality) doesn't fit. The staff isn't for the senator's private life; it's for their official duties.
    *   Sense 2 (particular to a given individual) fits well. "Personal staff" are the staff members assigned specifically to that individual senator.
    *   Sense 3 (personality) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 4 (body/physical) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 5 (grammar) doesn't fit.

    *   The term "personal staff" in a political context refers to the staff allocated to a specific member of Congress. This aligns with "particular to a given individual."


[User]
Which numbered sense of "staff" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal <t>staff</t> budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Senses:
1. definition=personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task | examples=the hospital has an excellent nursing staff; the general relied on his staff to make routine decisions
2. definition=a strong rod or stick with a specialized utilitarian purpose | examples=he walked with the help of a wooden staff
3. definition=the body of teachers and administrators at a school | synonyms=faculty | examples=the dean addressed the letter to the entire staff of the university
4. definition=building material consisting of plaster and hair; used to cover external surfaces of temporary structure (as at an exposition) or for decoration
5. definition=a rod carried as a symbol
6. definition=(music) the system of five horizontal lines on which the musical notes are written | synonyms=stave

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal <t>staff</t> budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking..."
    *   Target word: "staff"
    *   Contextual clues: "allocated personal staff budgets", "primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit-seeking", "congressional Republicans", "Democratic legislators".

    *   Sense 1: personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task (e.g., nursing staff, general's staff).
    *   Sense 2: a strong rod or stick (e.g., walking staff).
    *   Sense 3: body of teachers and administrators at a school (faculty).
    *   Sense 4: building material (plaster and hair).
    *   Sense 5: a rod carried as a symbol.
    *   Sense 6: (music) five horizontal lines for notes.

    *   The context refers to "personal staff budgets" for senators. This clearly refers to the people (personnel) hired to assist the senators in their duties (specifically "local benefit-seeking").
    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly: "personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task".
    *   Sense 3 is specifically for schools/universities.
    *   Senses 2, 4, 5, and 6 are completely unrelated.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "budget" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff <t>budgets</t> than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Senses:
1. definition=a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose | examples=the laboratory runs on a budget of a million a year
2. definition=a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them | examples=the president submitted the annual budget to Congress

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff <t>budgets</t> than Democrats do."
    *   Target word: "budgets"
    *   Senses:
        1.  A sum of money allocated for a particular purpose.
        2.  A summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them.

    *   The sentence discusses "allocated personal staff budgets."
    *   It refers to the amount of money given to senators for their staff.
    *   "Turn back" implies they didn't spend the allocated amount.
    *   This refers to the *amount* of money allocated, not a *document* or *summary* of intended expenditures.

    *   Sense 1: "a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose" (Matches perfectly).
    *   Sense 2: "a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them" (This describes a budget *document* or *plan*, not the actual funds allocated).

    *   The context refers to the funds allocated for staff.
    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "democrat" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than <t>Democrats</t> do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Senses:
1. definition=a member of the Democratic Party
2. definition=an advocate of democratic principles | synonyms=populist

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing Democratic legislators from the South, their power in Congress, local benefit-seeking, and a comparison between Republicans and Democrats in the House and Senate.
    *   Target word: `<t>Democrats</t>` in the sentence: "First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than <t>Democrats</t> do."
    *   Senses:
        1.  a member of the Democratic Party
        2.  an advocate of democratic principles | synonyms=populist

    *   The text mentions "Democratic legislators", "Congress", "Republicans", "GOP senators", and "Democratic counterparts".
    *   The comparison is specifically between members of the Democratic Party and members of the Republican Party (GOP).
    *   The context is about US political parties and their behavior in Congress.

    *   Sense 1 refers to the political party (Democratic Party).
    *   Sense 2 refers to the general ideology of democracy/populism.
    *   The context clearly refers to the political party.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "extent" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the <t>extent</t> that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Senses:
1. definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "To the <t>extent</t> that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns."
    *   Target word: "extent"
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  the point or degree to which something extends (e.g., "the extent of the damage").
        2.  the distance or area or volume over which something extends (e.g., "the vast extent of the desert").

    *   The phrase "To the extent that..." is a common idiomatic expression meaning "to the degree that" or "insofar as."
    *   In the sentence, it's used to qualify a condition: "To the degree that the primary duty... involves local benefit-seeking, [then] this indicates..."
    *   It is not referring to physical distance, area, or volume.

    *   Sense 1: "the point or degree to which something extends". This matches "the degree to which" or "insofar as".
    *   Sense 2: "the distance or area or volume over which something extends". This refers to physical size/space.

    *   The usage is clearly about degree/point, not physical size.