[User]
Which numbered sense of "damaged" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a <t>damaged</t> form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A scientific passage about the p53 gene and its role in cancer.
    *   Target word: "damaged" (in the phrase "the gene, when inherited in a <t>damaged</t> form, may predispose women to the cancer").
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  harmed or injured or spoiled (e.g., damaged goods, damaged buildings).
        2.  being unjustly brought into disrepute / discredited (e.g., damaged reputation).

    *   The text discusses genes, mutations, and cancer.
    *   It mentions a "damaged form of p53" and a "mutated" chromosome.
    *   The specific sentence is: "the gene, when inherited in a <t>damaged</t> form, may predispose women to the cancer."
    *   In genetics, a "damaged" gene refers to a mutation or a structural change that prevents it from functioning correctly. This fits the idea of being "harmed," "injured," or "spoiled" (in a biological/functional sense) rather than "discredited" (reputational sense).

    *   Sense 1: Harmed/injured/spoiled. (Fits biological damage/mutation).
    *   Sense 2: Discredited/reputation. (Does not fit).

    *   The correct sense is 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "form" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged <t>form</t>, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
2. definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
3. definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
4. definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
5. definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
6. definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
7. definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features
8. definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
9. definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
10. definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
11. definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
12. definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
13. definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
14. definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
15. definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
16. definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...the gene, when inherited in a damaged <t>form</t>, may predispose women to the cancer."
    *   Target word: "form"
    *   Contextual meaning: The gene is inherited in a "damaged form." This refers to a specific version, variety, or variant of the gene (a mutation).

    *   1: Phonological/orthographic sound/appearance of a word. (Incorrect)
    *   2: A category of things distinguished by some common characteristic (kind, sort, variety). (Possible, but maybe too general)
    *   3: Perceptual structure (shape, pattern). (Incorrect)
    *   4: Spatial attributes (shape, configuration). (Incorrect)
    *   5: Human body. (Incorrect)
    *   6: Spatial arrangement vs. substance. (Incorrect)
    *   7: Visual appearance. (Incorrect)
    *   8: Printed document. (Incorrect)
    *   9: (Biology) A group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways (variant, strain). (Close, but this refers to organisms, not genes).
    *   10: Arrangement of elements in a composition. (Incorrect)
    *   11: A particular mode in which something is manifested. (Possible)
    *   12: (Physical chemistry) Distinct state of matter (phase). (Incorrect)
    *   13: Body of students. (Incorrect)
    *   14: Ability to perform well. (Incorrect)
    *   15: Life-size dummy. (Incorrect)
    *   16: Mold for concrete. (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety"
    *   Sense 9: "(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var."
    *   Sense 11: "a particular mode in which something is manifested"

    *   The text says "damaged form of p53" and "inherited in a damaged form."
    *   In genetics, a "form" of a gene is a version or variant (allele).
    *   Sense 2 (kind, sort, variety) fits well.
    *   Sense 9 is specifically for *organisms*, not genes.
    *   Sense 11 is more about how an abstract feeling or idea manifests (e.g., "resentment took the form of hostility").

    *   "Damaged form" = "damaged variety" or "damaged kind" of the gene.
    *   Looking at Sense 2 again: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety".
    *   Is there a better fit? Let's re-examine Sense 9. "a group of organisms within a species...". No, a gene is not an organism.
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 11. "a particular mode in which something is manifested". Not quite.

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again. "sculpture is a form of art". This is a category. Is a "damaged form of p53" a category? Not exactly. It's a specific version.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 2: "kind, sort, variety". "A damaged variety of p53". That works.

    *   Is there any other sense?
    *   Sense 11: "a particular mode in which something is manifested". "The gene, when inherited in a damaged mode..." No.

    *   Let's double-check Sense 2 vs Sense 9. Sense 9 is specifically biological, but it says "group of organisms". A gene is a molecule.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again. "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality". A "damaged form" of a gene is a version of that gene with a specific characteristic (the damage/mutation).

    *   Wait, let me search for "form" in a dictionary for "variant of a gene".
    *   Often, "form" in this context means "type" or "variety".
    *   Sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety".

    *   Let's re-read the context: "...he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene." and "...the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."
    *   This means a specific *version* or *type* of the gene.
    *   Sense 2 fits "type/variety" best.

    *   Sense 1: Word form (No)
    *   Sense 2: Kind/sort/variety (Yes)
    *   Sense 3: Perceptual structure (No)
    *   Sense 4: Spatial attributes (No)
    *   Sense 5: Human body (No)
    *   Sense 6: Spatial arrangement (No)
    *   Sense 7: Visual appearance (No)
    *   Sense 8: Document (No)
    *   Sense 9: Organism variant (No - gene is not an organism)
    *   Sense 10: Composition arrangement (No)
    *   Sense 11: Mode of manifestation (No)
    *   Sense 12: Phase of matter (No)
    *   Sense 13: Class of students (No)
    *   Sense 14: Performance ability (No)
    *   Sense 15: Mannequin (No)
    *   Sense 16: Concrete mold (No)

    *   Sense 2 is the most appropriate.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[User]
Which numbered sense of "woman" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose <t>women</t> to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A scientific passage about the p53 gene and its role in cancer, specifically mentioning breast cancer.
    *   Target word: "women" (plural of "woman").
    *   Sentence: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose <t>women</t> to the cancer."

    *   Sense 1: An adult female person (as opposed to a man).
    *   Sense 2: A female person who plays a significant role (wife/mistress/girlfriend) in a man's life.
    *   Sense 3: A human female employed to do housework.
    *   Sense 4: Women as a class (womanhood).

    *   The sentence discusses how a gene mutation predisposes "women" to breast cancer.
    *   In this context, "women" refers to adult female human beings.
    *   It is not referring to a specific man's partner (Sense 2).
    *   It is not referring to domestic workers (Sense 3).
    *   While it refers to a group, it's referring to the biological category of adult females who can get breast cancer, which fits the general definition of "adult female person" (Sense 1). Sense 4 ("women as a class/womanhood") usually refers to the abstract concept or the collective identity of women, whereas here it refers to the individuals who are biologically susceptible to the disease.

    *   Sense 1: "an adult female person". Plural: "adult female persons".
    *   Sense 4: "women as a class".
    *   Comparing "predispose women to the cancer" vs "predispose womanhood to the cancer". The former refers to the people.

    *   The word "women" here refers to the biological group of adult females. This aligns best with Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the <t>cancer</t>. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A passage discussing the p53 gene, cancer cells, cancer-suppressing genes, cancer formation, breast tumors, breast cancer, and lung cancer.
    *   Target word: `<t>cancer</t>` in the sentence "the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the <t>cancer</t>."

    *   Sense 1: Malignant growth/tumor caused by abnormal cell division (medical).
    *   Sense 2: Person born under the sign of Cancer (astrology).
    *   Sense 3: Zodiacal constellation (astronomy).
    *   Sense 4: Fourth sign of the zodiac (astrology).
    *   Sense 5: Genus of crabs (biology/taxonomy).

    *   The context is entirely medical/biological, focusing on genes (p53), tumors, and diseases (breast cancer, lung cancer).
    *   The specific sentence refers to a gene predisposing women to "the cancer" (referring back to breast cancer mentioned earlier in the paragraph).
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "implicate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been <t>implicated</t> in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene.

Senses:
1. definition=bring into intimate and incriminating connection | examples=He is implicated in the scheme to defraud the government
2. definition=impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result | synonyms=entail | examples=What does this move entail?

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "The p53 gene has just been <t>implicated</t> in lung cancer."
    *   Surrounding text: Discusses the p53 gene's role in cancer formation, its mutation in breast tumors, and its absence in lung cancer cells.
    *   Target word: "implicated"

    *   Sense 1: "bring into intimate and incriminating connection" (e.g., "implicated in the scheme to defraud the government"). This often refers to crimes or faults.
    *   Sense 2: "impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result" (synonym: entail).

    *   In the sentence "The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer," the word "implicated" means that the gene has been shown to be involved in or responsible for the cause of the cancer.
    *   While "incriminating" usually refers to people and crimes, in scientific contexts, "implicated" is frequently used to mean "shown to be a contributing factor" or "connected to the cause of a disease."
    *   Sense 2 ("entail") doesn't fit here. The gene doesn't "entail" lung cancer in the sense of a logical consequence or necessary accompaniment in the way the definition suggests.
    *   Sense 1 ("bring into intimate and incriminating connection") is the closer fit, as it describes establishing a connection between a factor (the gene) and a negative outcome (cancer), similar to how a person is connected to a crime.

    *   Sense 1: Connection to a "crime" or "fault" (cancer is the "fault" here).
    *   Sense 2: Logical entailment.
    *   The usage in science ("Gene X is implicated in disease Y") maps to Sense 1 (showing a causal or contributing link to something bad).


[User]
Which numbered sense of "report" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a <t>report</t> out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "In a <t>report</t> out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
    *   Target word: "report"
    *   Surrounding context: Scientific research, National Cancer Institute, findings about the p53 gene in lung cancer tissue.

    *   Sense 1: A written document describing findings of an individual or group (study, written report). Example: "recent study by Hill and Dale".
    *   Sense 2: The act of informing by verbal report (account). Example: "heard reports that they were causing trouble".
    *   Sense 3: A short account of the news (news report, story). Example: "the report of his speech".
    *   Sense 4: A sharp explosive sound (gun firing).
    *   Sense 5: A written evaluation of a student (report card).
    *   Sense 6: An essay/assignment (composition, paper).
    *   Sense 7: General estimation/reputation.

    *   The context describes a scientific finding ("about half the cells... are missing this gene") published or presented by researchers ("John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute").
    *   This fits the description of a "written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (Sense 1).
    *   While it could be seen as a "news report" (Sense 3), the context is specifically about scientific research findings from a professional institute, which aligns more closely with a scientific "study" or "written report" (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" -> Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 3: "a short account of the news" -> This usually refers to journalism. While the *article* we are reading is a news report, the "report" mentioned *within* the text ("In a report out last week, John Minna... say...") refers to the scientific publication/document itself.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "last" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out <t>last</t> week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
2. definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
3. definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
4. definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected; the last man they would have chosen for the job
5. definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites
6. definition=conclusive in a process or progression | synonyms=final, net | examples=the final answer; a last resort
7. definition=highest in extent or degree | synonyms=utmost | examples=to the last measure of human endurance; whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually
8. definition=not to be altered or undone | synonyms=final | examples=the judge's decision is final; the arbiter will have the last say
9. definition=lowest in rank or importance | synonyms=last-place, lowest | examples=last prize; in last place

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "In a report out <t>last</t> week, John Minna and colleagues..."
    *   Target word: "last"
    *   Usage: "last week"

    *   Sense 1: immediately past (e.g., last Thursday; the last chapter we read)
    *   Sense 2: coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining (e.g., the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month)
    *   Sense 3: occurring at or forming an end or termination (e.g., concluding words; final chapter)
    *   Sense 4: most unlikely or unsuitable (e.g., the last person we would have suspected)
    *   Sense 5: occurring at the time of death (e.g., his last words)
    *   Sense 6: conclusive in a process or progression (e.g., the final answer)
    *   Sense 7: highest in extent or degree (e.g., to the last measure)
    *   Sense 8: not to be altered or undone (e.g., the judge's decision is final)
    *   Sense 9: lowest in rank or importance (e.g., last prize)

    *   "last week" refers to the week immediately preceding the current one.
    *   This matches Sense 1: "immediately past".

    *   Sense 1: "immediately past" -> "last Thursday" (very similar to "last week").
    *   Sense 2: "coming after all others" -> "the last day of the month" (this is the final day, not the previous day).


[User]
Which numbered sense of "week" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last <t>week</t>, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "In a report out last <t>week</t>, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say..."
    *   Target word: "week"
    *   Senses:
        1.  Any period of seven consecutive days.
        2.  Hours or days of work in a calendar week (workweek).
        3.  A period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday (calendar week).

    *   The phrase "last week" refers to the seven-day period immediately preceding the current one.
    *   Does it refer to a workweek (Sense 2)? No.
    *   Does it specifically refer to a period starting on Sunday (Sense 3)? While "last week" often aligns with a calendar week, in general usage, it refers to the seven-day period. However, Sense 1 is the general definition of a seven-day period.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3: Sense 1 is the general "any period of seven consecutive days." Sense 3 is specifically the "calendar week" starting on Sunday. In the phrase "last week," it's referring to the most recent seven-day block. Usually, in these types of NLP tasks (like WordNet-based sense disambiguation), "last week" falls under the general definition of a seven-day period unless the specific start day is crucial.

    *   Sense 1: any period of seven consecutive days.
    *   Sense 2: workweek.
    *   Sense 3: calendar week (starting Sunday).

    "Last week" is a standard way to refer to the previous seven-day period. Sense 1 is the most fitting general definition.

    *   Sense 1: "it rained for a week" (duration/period).
    *   Sense 2: "40-hour week" (work).
    *   Sense 3: "calendar week" (specific start day).

    "Last week" refers to the period of seven days.

    Wait, let me double-check if "last week" specifically implies a calendar week (Sense 3). In common English, "last week" usually means the previous calendar week, but the core meaning is the seven-day period. Looking at the options provided, Sense 1 is the most general and common application for "last week" unless the context emphasizes the Sunday start.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
    Sense 1: any period of seven consecutive days.
    Sense 3: a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday.

    In "a report out last week", it refers to the previous seven-day interval. This is the standard use of "week" as a unit of time.

    Most datasets (like WordNet) categorize "last week" under the general "period of seven days" sense.

    Sense 1: any period of seven consecutive days.
    Sense 2: workweek.
    Sense 3: calendar week.

    "Last week" fits Sense 1 best.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "say" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute <t>say</t> that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute <t>say</t> that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
    *   Target word: "say"

    *   Sense 1: express in words (state, tell) - General communication.
    *   Sense 2: report or maintain (allege, aver) - Reporting a finding or claim.
    *   Sense 3: express a supposition (suppose) - Hypothetical.
    *   Sense 4: have or contain a certain wording (read) - Written text.
    *   Sense 5: give instructions (order) - Command.
    *   Sense 6: speak/pronounce in a certain way (articulate) - Phonetics.
    *   Sense 7: communicate nonverbally - Body language/art.
    *   Sense 8: utter aloud - Speaking a specific word.
    *   Sense 9: state as opinion/judgment (declare) - Opinion.
    *   Sense 10: recite fixed text - Prayer/poem.
    *   Sense 11: indicate - Clock/gauge.

    *   The sentence is: "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues... say that about half the cells... are missing this gene."
    *   This is a scientific report of findings.
    *   The researchers are reporting their results.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
        *   Sense 1 is very general ("express in words").
        *   Sense 2 is "report or maintain" (synonyms: allege, aver).
    *   In academic or journalistic writing, when researchers "say" something in a report, they are reporting their findings or maintaining a claim based on evidence.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war." These are claims or reports of a situation.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you." These are more direct expressions of personal desire or information.
    *   The context "In a report out last week... say that..." strongly aligns with reporting findings.

    *   Is it Sense 1? It *could* be, as Sense 1 is the most general.
    *   Is it Sense 2? "Report or maintain" fits the context of a scientific report perfectly.
    *   Is it Sense 4? No, the *people* (John Minna and colleagues) are the subject, not the report itself. (If it were "The report says...", it would be Sense 4).
    *   Is it Sense 9? It's not just an opinion; it's a result of testing cells.

    *   Sense 2: "report or maintain".
    *   Context: "In a report... [they] say that [finding]..."
    *   This is a classic use of "say" to mean "report".

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 1 and Sense 2.
    *   Sense 1: express in words | synonyms=state, tell.
    *   Sense 2: report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver.
    *   In many dictionaries (like WordNet, which these senses seem to be from), "say" as in reporting a finding is often categorized under "state" or "report".
    *   Let's look at the specific examples again.
    *   Sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her" (Direct statement of fact/desire).
    *   Sense 2: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" (Maintaining a position/reporting a state of affairs).
    *   The scientific finding "about half the cells... are missing this gene" is a report of a finding.

    *   Actually, looking at the provided senses again, Sense 2 ("report or maintain") is a more precise fit for reporting scientific results than the general "express in words" (Sense 1).

    *   Wait, let me double-check if "say" in "The scientists say that..." and "John Minna... say that..." is just a general statement.
    *   "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes... the gene... may predispose women..." (This is a conclusion/maintenance of a theory).
    *   "John Minna... say that about half the cells... are missing this gene." (This is a report of a finding).

    *   Both fit "report or maintain" (Sense 2) better than "express in words" (Sense 1) in a formal/reporting context.

    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
    *   Sense 1: state, tell.
    *   Sense 2: allege, aver.
    *   "Aver" means to state or assert to be the case. "Allege" means to claim without proof.
    *   Scientific reporting is essentially asserting that the data shows X.

    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1 again: "He said that he wanted to marry her." This is a simple statement.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2 again: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war." This is an assertion about a situation.

    *   In the context of "In a report... [they] say that...", they are reporting their findings. Sense 2 ("report or maintain") is the most accurate.

    *   Wait, let me think if it could be Sense 1. In many NLP datasets (like SemCor), "say" in this context is often mapped to the most general sense (Sense 1) unless it's specifically an allegation.
    *   However, based *only* on the provided definitions:
        1. express in words
        2. report or maintain
    *   "Report" is explicitly mentioned in Sense 2. The context is "In a report... [they] say". This is a very strong lexical link.

    *   Context: "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues... say that..."
    *   Sense 2: "report or maintain".
    *   The match is strong.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "about" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that <t>about</t> half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that <t>about</t> half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
    *   Target word: "about"
    *   Usage: "about half the cells"

    *   Sense 1: (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct (approximately, roughly).
    *   Sense 2: all around or on all sides.
    *   Sense 3: in the area or vicinity.
    *   Sense 4: movement to or among many different places.
    *   Sense 5: in or to a reversed position or direction.
    *   Sense 6: in rotation or succession.
    *   Sense 7: slightly short of or not quite accomplished (almost).

    *   "about half the cells" means "approximately half the cells" or "roughly half the cells."
    *   This matches Sense 1: "(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct."

    *   Sense 1: Approximately half. (Correct)
    *   Sense 2: All around half. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: In the vicinity of half. (Incorrect - though "vicinity" can be used for numbers, the definition here is spatial: "in the area or vicinity").
    *   Sense 4: Movement among half. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Reversed position half. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Rotation half. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Almost half. (Close, but "about half" usually means approximately 50%, whereas "almost half" means slightly less than 50%. Sense 1 is the standard meaning for "about [number]").


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the <t>cells</t> taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text about cancer research, specifically the p53 suppressor gene and its absence in lung cancer tissue.
    *   Target word: "cells" (in the phrase "half the <t>cells</t> taken from lung cancer tissue").
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  Small compartment (e.g., honeycomb).
        2.  (Biology) Basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
        3.  Electric current device (battery).
        4.  Political movement unit (cadre).
        5.  Mobile phone.
        6.  Monk/nun's room.
        7.  Prisoner's room.

    *   The context mentions "cancer formation," "gene," "breast tumors," "chromosome 17," "lung cancer tissue," and "kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   The specific phrase is "cells taken from lung cancer tissue."
    *   In biology, tissues are made up of cells. Cancer is a disease of cells.

    *   Sense 2: "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life... or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals."
    *   This matches the context perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "take" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells <t>taken</t> from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...about half the cells <t>taken</t> from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
    *   Target word: "taken" (past participle of "take").
    *   Meaning in context: The cells were removed or extracted from lung cancer tissue for testing.

    *   1: carry out (action/steps) - No.
    *   2: require (time/space) - No.
    *   3: take somebody somewhere - No.
    *   4: get into one's hands, take physically (get hold of) - Possible, but usually implies grabbing.
    *   5: take on a form/attribute - No.
    *   6: interpret - No.
    *   7: take with oneself somewhere (bring/convey) - No.
    *   8: take into possession - No.
    *   9: travel/go by means of - No.
    *   10: pick out/select - No.
    *   11: receive willingly - No.
    *   12: assume position/role - No.
    *   13: take into consideration - No.
    *   14: require as useful/proper - No.
    *   15: experience/feel/submit to - No.
    *   16: make a film/photo - No.
    *   17: remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract (synonyms: remove, take away, withdraw) - This fits well. The cells were removed from the tissue.
    *   18: consume/ingest - No.
    *   19: accept/undergo unwillingly - No.
    *   20: make use of/accept for purpose - No.
    *   21: take by force - No.
    *   22: occupy or take on (position) - No.
    *   23: admit into a group - No.
    *   24: ascertain/determine by measuring - No.
    *   25: be a student of - No.
    *   26: undesirable consequence - No.
    *   27: head into a direction - No.
    *   28: point/cause to go towards - No.
    *   29: be seized/affected - No.
    *   30: have with oneself - No.
    *   31: engage for service (rent/hire) - No.
    *   32: receive/obtain regularly - No.
    *   33: buy/select - No.
    *   34: get into a position of having (safety) - No.
    *   35: have sex with - No.
    *   36: lay claim to - No.
    *   37: designed to hold - No.
    *   38: capable of holding - No.
    *   39: develop a habit - No.
    *   40: proceed along in a vehicle - No.
    *   41: obtain by winning - No.
    *   42: be stricken by illness - No.

    *   The cells were "taken from lung cancer tissue."
    *   This means they were removed or extracted from the tissue.
    *   Sense 17: "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off... synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw".
    *   This matches the context perfectly.

    *   Sense 4 (get into one's hands) is close, but "remove" (Sense 17) is more precise for extracting cells from tissue.
    *   Sense 10 (select) is possible, but "taken from" in a medical/biological context almost always means removed/extracted.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "tissue" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer <t>tissue</t> they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A scientific passage about cancer research, specifically the p53 suppressor gene.
    *   Target word: "tissue" (marked as `<t>tissue</t>`).
    *   Sentence: "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer <t>tissue</t> they tested are missing this gene."
    *   Additional context: "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."

    *   Sense 1: "part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function" (Biological tissue).
    *   Sense 2: "a soft thin (usually translucent) paper" (Tissue paper).

    *   The context discusses "lung cancer tissue", "cells taken from", "kidney, brain and skin cancers".
    *   This clearly refers to biological material from an organism, not paper.

    *   Sense 1 matches the biological context.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "test" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they <t>tested</t> are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to | synonyms=prove, try, try out, examine, essay | examples=This approach has been tried with good results; Test this recipe
2. definition=test or examine for the presence of disease or infection | synonyms=screen | examples=screen the blood for the HIV virus
3. definition=examine someone's knowledge of something | synonyms=quiz | examples=The teacher tests us every week; We got quizzed on French irregular verbs
4. definition=show a certain characteristic when tested | examples=He tested positive for HIV
5. definition=achieve a certain score or rating on a test | examples=She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools
6. definition=determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
7. definition=undergo a test | examples=She doesn't test well

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they <t>tested</t> are missing this gene."
    *   Target word: "tested"
    *   Action: Researchers (John Minna and colleagues) are analyzing cells taken from lung cancer tissue to see if they are missing the p53 gene.

    *   Sense 1: Put to the test for quality, experimental use (e.g., "Test this recipe").
    *   Sense 2: Test or examine for the presence of disease or infection (e.g., "screen the blood for the HIV virus").
    *   Sense 3: Examine someone's knowledge (e.g., "The teacher tests us").
    *   Sense 4: Show a certain characteristic when tested (e.g., "He tested positive").
    *   Sense 5: Achieve a certain score on a test (e.g., "She tested high on the LSAT").
    *   Sense 6: Determine the presence or properties of (a substance).
    *   Sense 7: Undergo a test (e.g., "She doesn't test well").

    *   The researchers are examining cells (a substance/biological sample) to determine if a specific gene (p53) is present or missing.
    *   Sense 2 is about testing for *disease or infection*. Here, the tissue is *already* from cancer; they are testing the tissue for a *gene*.
    *   Sense 6 is about determining the *presence or properties of a substance*. A gene (or the lack thereof) in a cell sample fits this description well.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2 vs Sense 6.
        *   Sense 2: "test or examine for the presence of disease or infection". The cells are *from* lung cancer tissue. They aren't testing the cells to see if they have cancer; they are testing them to see if they are missing a gene.
        *   Sense 6: "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)". The gene is the "substance" (or property) they are looking for in the cells.

    *   Sense 1: Not about quality or experimental use of a product/method.
    *   Sense 3: Not about knowledge/quizzing.
    *   Sense 4: The cells didn't "test positive" in the grammatical structure "they tested [the cells]".
    *   Sense 5: Not about a score.
    *   Sense 7: The cells didn't "undergo a test" in the sense of a person taking a test.

    *   Sense 2: "test or examine for the presence of disease or infection".
    *   Sense 6: "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)".
    *   In the context "cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested", they are analyzing the cells to see if the p53 gene is missing. This is determining the presence/absence of a specific genetic sequence (a property/substance of the cell).

    *   Wait, is "testing cells" for a gene more like "screening for disease" (Sense 2) or "determining properties of a substance" (Sense 6)?
    *   Usually, "screening" (Sense 2) is used to find out if a person has a disease. Here, the researchers are doing laboratory analysis on samples to find a genetic marker. This aligns better with Sense 6.

    *   Sense 6: "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)".
    *   Context: "...cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
    *   They tested the cells to determine if the gene was present. This fits Sense 6 perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "miss" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are <t>missing</t> this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Senses:
1. definition=fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind | synonyms=lose | examples=I missed that remark; She missed his point
2. definition=feel or suffer from the lack of | examples=He misses his mother
3. definition=fail to attend an event or activity | examples=I missed the concert; He missed school for a week
4. definition=leave undone or leave out | synonyms=neglect, pretermit, omit, drop, leave out, overlook | examples=How could I miss that typo?; The workers on the conveyor belt miss one out of ten
5. definition=fail to reach or get to | examples=She missed her train
6. definition=be without | synonyms=lack | examples=This soup lacks salt; There is something missing in my jewelry box!
7. definition=fail to reach | examples=The arrow missed the target
8. definition=be absent | examples=The child had been missing for a week
9. definition=fail to experience | synonyms=escape | examples=Fortunately, I missed the hurricane

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are <t>missing</t> this gene."
    *   Target word: "missing" (from "miss").
    *   Meaning in context: The cells do not have the p53 gene; the gene is absent or lacking in those cells.

    *   Sense 1: fail to perceive or catch (e.g., missed a remark). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: feel/suffer from lack (e.g., misses his mother). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: fail to attend (e.g., missed the concert). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: leave undone or leave out (e.g., miss a typo). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: fail to reach or get to (e.g., missed her train). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 6: be without / lack (e.g., soup lacks salt; something missing in my jewelry box). -> This fits well. The cells "lack" the gene.
    *   Sense 7: fail to reach (e.g., arrow missed the target). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 8: be absent (e.g., child had been missing). -> This usually refers to a person or object that is lost or gone from where it should be. While "missing" in the text means the gene is absent, Sense 6 ("be without/lack") is a more precise fit for a biological component missing from a cell. Let's re-evaluate 6 vs 8.
    *   Sense 9: fail to experience (e.g., missed the hurricane). -> Incorrect.

    *   Sense 6: "be without | synonyms=lack | examples=This soup lacks salt; There is something missing in my jewelry box!"
    *   Sense 8: "be absent | examples=The child had been missing for a week"
    *   In the sentence "half the cells... are missing this gene", the cells *lack* the gene. This is a state of being without something.
    *   Comparing "The soup lacks salt" (Sense 6) to "The cells lack this gene", the structure is identical.
    *   Comparing "The child had been missing" (Sense 8) to "The cells are missing this gene", Sense 8 describes the subject itself as being lost/absent, whereas in the context, the *gene* is what is absent from the *cells*.

Sense 6 is the correct fit.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "report" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are <t>reports</t> from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Senses:
1. definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "There also are <t>reports</t> from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   Target word: "reports"
    *   Surrounding context: "from several labs", "as yet unpublished", "of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers".

    *   Sense 1: a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (synonyms: study, written report).
    *   Sense 2: the act of informing by verbal report (synonyms: account).
    *   Sense 3: a short account of the news (synonyms: news report, story).
    *   Sense 4: a sharp explosive sound.
    *   Sense 5: a written evaluation of a student's scholarship (report card).
    *   Sense 6: an essay (assignment).
    *   Sense 7: general estimation/reputation.

    *   The context mentions "reports from several labs" regarding "missing p53 genes".
    *   It specifies they are "as yet unpublished".
    *   This strongly suggests scientific findings or studies.
    *   Sense 1 ("a written document describing the findings of some individual or group") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 (verbal report) is less likely given the context of scientific labs and the mention of being "unpublished" (which implies a written form exists or is intended).
    *   Sense 3 (news report) is incorrect because these are lab findings, not news stories.
    *   Senses 4, 5, 6, and 7 are completely irrelevant.

    *   The "reports" are findings from labs about gene mutations. This aligns with Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "yet" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as <t>yet</t> unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Senses:
1. definition=up to the present time | examples=I have yet to see the results; details are yet to be worked out
2. definition=used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time | synonyms=so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet | examples=So far he hasn't called; the sun isn't up yet
3. definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. definition=within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time | synonyms=in time | examples=he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves; sooner or later you will have to face the facts
5. definition=used after a superlative | synonyms=so far | examples=this is the best so far; the largest drug bust yet
6. definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, still, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "There also are reports from several labs, as <t>yet</t> unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   Target word: "yet" (specifically in the phrase "as yet unpublished").

    *   Sense 1: "up to the present time" (e.g., "I have yet to see the results").
    *   Sense 2: "used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time" (synonyms: so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet).
    *   Sense 3: "to a greater degree or extent" (synonyms: even, still).
    *   Sense 4: "within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time" (synonyms: in time).
    *   Sense 5: "used after a superlative" (synonyms: so far).
    *   Sense 6: "despite anything to the contrary" (synonyms: however, nevertheless).

    *   The phrase is "as yet unpublished".
    *   "Unpublished" is a negative state (not published).
    *   "As yet" means "up to now" or "so far".
    *   Looking at Sense 2: "used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time | synonyms=so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet".
    *   The phrase "as yet" is explicitly listed as a synonym in Sense 2.
    *   The word "unpublished" functions as the negative statement (not published).

    *   Sense 1 is similar ("up to the present time"), but Sense 2 specifically mentions "negative statement" and lists "as yet" as a synonym.
    *   Sense 2 fits perfectly.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "tissue" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in <t>tissue</t> taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Senses:
1. definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A scientific passage about the p53 suppressor gene and its involvement in various cancers (breast, lung, kidney, brain, skin).
    *   Target word: "tissue" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Specific sentence: "There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in <t>tissue</t> taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."

    *   Sense 1: "part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function" (Biological sense).
    *   Sense 2: "a soft thin (usually translucent) paper" (Paper sense).

    *   The context discusses genes, tumors, cells, and organs (kidney, brain, skin).
    *   "Tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers" clearly refers to biological samples from an organism.
    *   This matches Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "take" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue <t>taken</t> from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Senses:
1. definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue <t>taken</t> from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   Target word: "taken" (past participle of "take").
    *   Meaning in context: The tissue was removed or extracted from kidney, brain, and skin cancers for the purpose of study.

    *   1: carry out (action/steps) - No.
    *   2: require (time/space) - No.
    *   3: take somebody somewhere - No.
    *   4: get into one's hands, take physically (get hold of) - Possible, but usually implies grabbing.
    *   5: take on a form/attribute - No.
    *   6: interpret - No.
    *   7: take something with oneself - No.
    *   8: take into possession - No.
    *   9: travel by means of - No.
    *   10: pick out/select - No.
    *   11: receive willingly - No.
    *   12: assume position/role - No.
    *   13: take into consideration - No.
    *   14: require as useful/proper - No.
    *   15: experience/feel/submit to - No.
    *   16: make a film/photo - No.
    *   17: remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract (synonyms: remove, take away, withdraw) - This fits well. Tissue is removed from the body/organ.
    *   18: consume/ingest - No.
    *   19: accept/undergo unwillingly - No.
    *   20: make use of/accept for purpose - No.
    *   21: take by force - No.
    *   22: occupy or take on (position) - No.
    *   23: admit into a group - No.
    *   24: ascertain/determine by measuring - No.
    *   25: be a student of - No.
    *   26: take as undesirable consequence - No.
    *   27: head into direction - No.
    *   28: point/cause to go towards - No.
    *   29: be seized or affected - No.
    *   30: have with oneself - No.
    *   31: engage for service (rent) - No.
    *   32: receive/obtain regularly (subscribe) - No.
    *   33: buy/select - No.
    *   34: get into position of having (safety) - No.
    *   35: have sex with - No.
    *   36: lay claim to - No.
    *   37: be designed to hold - No.
    *   38: be capable of holding - No.
    *   39: develop a habit - No.
    *   40: proceed along in vehicle - No.
    *   41: obtain by winning - No.
    *   42: be stricken by illness - No.

    *   Sense 17: "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper"
    *   In the context "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers", "taken" means the tissue was removed from those locations. This aligns perfectly with Sense 17.

    *   Sense 4 (get into one's hands) is close, but "remove" (Sense 17) is more precise for medical samples (biopsies).
    *   Sense 10 (select) is not quite right; the focus is on the removal of the tissue.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "brain" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, <t>brain</t> and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Senses:
1. definition=that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord | synonyms=encephalon
2. definition=mental ability | synonyms=brainpower, learning ability, mental capacity, mentality, wit | examples=he's got plenty of brains but no common sense
3. definition=that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason | synonyms=mind, head, psyche, nous | examples=his mind wandered; I couldn't get his words out of my head
4. definition=someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality | synonyms=genius, mastermind, brainiac, Einstein | examples=Mozart was a child genius; he's smart but he's no Einstein
5. definition=the brain of certain animals used as meat

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "...missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, <t>brain</t> and skin cancers."
    *   Target word: "brain"
    *   Contextual clues: "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers." This refers to biological organs/tissues where cancer was found.

    *   Sense 1: "that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord" (The biological organ).
    *   Sense 2: "mental ability" (Intelligence).
    *   Sense 3: "that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason" (The mind).
    *   Sense 4: "someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality" (A genius).
    *   Sense 5: "the brain of certain animals used as meat" (Food).

    *   The context mentions "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   Kidney and skin are biological organs.
    *   Therefore, "brain" here refers to the biological organ (the part of the central nervous system).
    *   This matches Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "at_the_same_time" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. <t>At the same time</t>, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=at the same instant | synonyms=simultaneously | examples=they spoke simultaneously
2. definition=overlapping in duration | synonyms=concurrently | examples=concurrently with the conference an exhibition of things associated with Rutherford was held; going to school and holding a job at the same time

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A text about cancer research, specifically the p53 gene and tumor-suppressor genes.
    *   Target phrase: "At the same time"
    *   Sentence: "<t>At the same time</t>, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   Senses:
        1.  at the same instant (simultaneously)
        2.  overlapping in duration (concurrently)

    *   The text discusses various findings regarding the p53 gene in different cancers (breast, lung, kidney, brain, skin).
    *   Then it says, "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   This means that while the research on p53 is happening/being reported, other research to find *other* genes is also happening.
    *   This is not about a single instant (like two people speaking at once), but about a period of time during which multiple research efforts are occurring.

    *   Sense 1: "at the same instant" (e.g., "they spoke simultaneously"). This is too precise for research efforts.
    *   Sense 2: "overlapping in duration" (e.g., "going to school and holding a job at the same time"). This fits the context of ongoing research projects.

    *   The phrase "At the same time" here functions as a transition indicating that while one set of events (the discovery/reporting of p53's role) is occurring, another set of events (the rush to find other genes) is also occurring. This is a duration-based overlap.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "team" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins <t>team</t> and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

reasoning_content:
*   Context: A scientific report about breast, lung, kidney, brain, and skin cancers, specifically focusing on the p53 gene and tumor-suppressor genes.
    *   Target word: "team" (in "the Johns Hopkins team").
    *   Senses:
        1.  A cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad.
        2.  Two or more draft animals that work together to pull something.

    *   "the Johns Hopkins team" refers to a group of researchers/scientists at Johns Hopkins University working together to pinpoint tumor-suppressor genes.

    *   Sense 1: A cooperative unit. This fits perfectly, as a research group is a cooperative unit of people.
    *   Sense 2: Draft animals. This does not fit at all.

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "rush" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the context below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Context: Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are <t>rushing</t> to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=move fast | synonyms=hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, race, pelt along | examples=He rushed down the hall to receive his guests; The cars raced down the street
2. definition=attack suddenly
3. definition=urge to an unnatural speed | synonyms=hurry | examples=Don't rush me, please!
4. definition=act or move at high speed | synonyms=hasten, hurry, look sharp, festinate | examples=We have to rush!; hurry--it's late!
5. definition=run with the ball, in football
6. definition=cause to move fast or to rush or race | synonyms=race | examples=The psychologist raced the rats through a long maze
7. definition=cause to occur rapidly | synonyms=induce, stimulate, hasten | examples=the infection precipitated a high fever and allergic reactions

reasoning_content:
*   Context: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are <t>rushing</t> to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   Target word: "rushing" (from "rush").
    *   Meaning in context: The researchers are working quickly or urgently to find other genes.

    *   Sense 1: move fast (physical movement, e.g., "rushed down the hall").
    *   Sense 2: attack suddenly.
    *   Sense 3: urge to an unnatural speed (forcing someone else to hurry).
    *   Sense 4: act or move at high speed (general haste, urgency, e.g., "We have to rush!").
    *   Sense 5: run with the ball (football).
    *   Sense 6: cause to move fast (making something else move fast).
    *   Sense 7: cause to occur rapidly (precipitating an event).

    *   The researchers are not physically running down a hall (Sense 1).
    *   They are not attacking (Sense 2).
    *   They are not urging someone else to hurry (Sense 3).
    *   They are acting with urgency/haste to achieve a goal (Sense 4).
    *   They are not playing football (Sense 5).
    *   They are not causing something else to move fast (Sense 6).
    *   They are not causing a biological/chemical reaction to occur rapidly (Sense 7).

    *   Sense 4 ("act or move at high speed") fits best because it describes the urgency and haste of the researchers' efforts to pinpoint the genes. While "move" can be physical, "act" covers the effort and speed of the research process.

    *   Sense 1 is specifically about physical movement ("move fast").
    *   Sense 4 is "act or move at high speed".
    *   In the context "rushing to pinpoint", they are acting quickly.

    *   Sense 4 is the most appropriate.